FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Divi, RL Doerge, DR AF Divi, RL Doerge, DR TI Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by dietary flavonoids SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANISM; MILLET AB Flavonoids are widely distributed in plant-derived foods and possess a variety of biological activities including antithyroid effects in experimental animals and humans. A structure-activity study of 13 commonly consumed flavonoids was conducted to evaluate inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyzes thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Most flavonoids tested were potent inhibitors of TPO, with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 41 mu M. Inhibition by the more potent compounds, fisetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and quercetin, which contain a resorcinol moiety, was consistent with mechanism-based inactivation of TPO as previously observed for resorcinol and derivatives. Other flavonoids inhibited TPO by different mechanisms, such as myricetin and naringin, showed noncompetitive inhibition of tyrosine iodination with respect to iodine ion and linear mixed-type inhibition with respect to hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, biochanin A was found to be an alternate substrate for iodination. The major product, 6,8-diiodo-biochanin A, was characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and H-1-NMR. These inhibitory mechanisms for flavonoids are consistent with the antithyroid effects observed in experimental animals and, further, predict differences in hazards for antithyroid effects in humans consuming dietary flavonoids. In vivo, suicide substrate inhibition, which could be reversed only by de novo protein synthesis, would be long-lasting. However, the effects of reversible binding inhibitors and alternate substrates would be temporary due to attenuation by metabolism and excretion. The central role of hormonal regulation in growth and proliferation of thyroid tissue suggests that chronic consumption of flavonoids, especially suicide substrates, could play a role in the etiology of thyroid cancer. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 27 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1021/tx950076m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA TU002 UT WOS:A1996TU00200005 PM 8924586 ER PT J AU Marques, MM Mourato, LLG Santos, MA Beland, FA AF Marques, MM Mourato, LLG Santos, MA Beland, FA TI Synthesis, characterization, and conformational analysis of DNA adducts from methylated anilines present in tobacco smoke SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC-AMINES; PURINE NUCLEOSIDES; CARCINOGEN 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; ULTIMATE CARCINOGEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; URINARY-BLADDER; ORTHO-TOLUIDINE; ACETYL CYANIDE AB The ability of a series of aromatic amines present in tobacco smoke (2-, 3-, and 4-methylaniline, 2,3- and 2,4-dimethylaniline) to bind to DNA has been investigated by reacting N-(acyloxy)arylamines with dG, dG nucleotides, and DNA. The predominant products from reactions with dG and the nucleotides were characterized as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)arylamines by spectroscopic and HPLC methods. HPLC and spectroscopic analyses of the modified DNA indicated the same adducts. Analyses of the H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra suggested that the adducts containing a methyl substituent ortho to the arylamine nitrogen had a higher percentage of syn conformers. This observation was supported by theoretical simulation studies that indicated substantial percentages of low energy syn conformers, increasing with the substitution pattern in the order para < meta < ortho < ortho,para < ortho,meta. The results demonstrate that, although single-ring arylamines are considered weak carcinogens, their electrophilic N-acetoxy derivatives, which are plausible metabolic intermediates, react with DNA to yield covalent adducts structurally identical to those derived from carcinogenic polyarylamines, such as 2-aminofluorene and 4-aminobiphenyl. Furthermore, the conformational perturbation induced in DNA by the formation of the monoarylamine-DNA adducts, especially those with an ortho substituent, may contribute to the biological activities of these compounds. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. RP Marques, MM (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, CTR QUIM ESTRUTURAL, COMPLEXO I, INST SUPER TECN, AV ROVISCO PAIS, P-1096 LISBON, PORTUGAL. RI Santos, M. Amelia /H-9409-2012; Marques, M. Matilde/E-2535-2012; Goncalves, Luisa/A-4120-2016; OI Santos, M. Amelia /0000-0002-4069-9368; Marques, M. Matilde/0000-0002-7526-4962; Goncalves, Luisa/0000-0002-3654-8612; Goncalves, Luisa/0000-0002-2385-7395 NR 77 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1021/tx950044z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA TU002 UT WOS:A1996TU00200015 PM 8924623 ER PT J AU Reepmeyer, JC AF Reepmeyer, JC TI Separation of R- and S-thalidomide by reversed-phase HPLC with beta-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase SO CHIRALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination CY APR 26-28, 1995 CL ST LOUIS, MO DE thalidomide enantiomers; mobile phase additive; stereoselective analysis; high-performance liquid chromatography; chiral separation; beta-cyclodextrin; inclusion complex ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; ENANTIOMERS; STABILITY AB R- and S-Thalidomide were resolved by reversed-phase HPLC on a C-18 column with beta-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase. As the concentration of beta-cyclodextrin was increased stepwise from 0 to 20 mM, enantiomeric resolution increased and retention times decreased significantly. The influence of different organic modifiers in the mobile phase were evaluated, and ethanol, among others, proved to be effective. Equilibrium constants for the formation of P-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of R- and S-thalidomide in EtOH-buffer (5:95) were calculated to be 64 and 76 M(-1), respectively. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Reepmeyer, JC (reprint author), US FDA, DIV DRUG ANAL, 1114 MARKET ST, ST LOUIS, MO 63101 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-0042 J9 CHIRALITY JI Chirality PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA TY396 UT WOS:A1996TY39600004 ER PT J AU Tang, YB AF Tang, YB TI Significance of mobile phase composition in enantioseparation of chiral drugs by HPLC on a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase SO CHIRALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination CY APR 26-28, 1995 CL ST LOUIS, MO DE enantioseparations; high-performance liquid chromatography; mobile phase modifier and additive; cellulose-based CSP; chiral acidic and basic drugs ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIRECT OPTICAL RESOLUTION; TRIPHENYLCARBAMATE DERIVATIVES; ENANTIOMERIC AMIDES; SILICA-GEL; AMYLOSE; TRIS(3,5-DIMETHYLPHENYLCARBAMATE)S; RECOGNITION; SEPARATION; RETENTION AB Eight randomly selected pharmaceuticals, which included ibuprofen, ketoprofen, albuterol, acebutolol, propafenone, betaxolol, methylphenidate, and homatropine, were directly separated on a cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) chiral stationary phase (CSP) without derivatization via normal phase mode HPLC. Enantioresolution was achieved by the optimization of the type and the ratio of mobile phase modifiers and additives. The modifiers included alcohols; the mobile phase additives were trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA). It was found that methanol and ethanol were superior to isopropanol as mobile phase modifiers for enhancing chiral separation of some of the chiral drugs. The results also demonstrated that TFA has a dominant effect on chiral separations for both acidic and basic chiral drugs, although for some basic drug such as homatropine, TEA was more beneficial at improving enantioseparation. The separation of acebutolol enantiomers was achieved for the first time by adding both TFA and TEA to the mobile phase. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the applicability of cellulose based CSPs can be expanded by controlling the mobile phase compositions through the addition of trace amounts of achiral additives and the selection of the appropriate alcoholic modifier. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Tang, YB (reprint author), US FDA, DIV DRUG ANAL, 1114 MARKET ST, ST LOUIS, MO 63101 USA. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-0042 J9 CHIRALITY JI Chirality PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA TY396 UT WOS:A1996TY39600020 PM 8845276 ER PT J AU Madore, DV Anderson, P Baxter, BD Carlone, GM Edwards, KM Hamilton, RG Holder, P Kayhty, H Phipps, DC Peeters, CCA Schneerson, R Siber, GR Ward, JI Frasch, CE AF Madore, DV Anderson, P Baxter, BD Carlone, GM Edwards, KM Hamilton, RG Holder, P Kayhty, H Phipps, DC Peeters, CCA Schneerson, R Siber, GR Ward, JI Frasch, CE TI Interlaboratory study evaluating quantitation of antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOANTIGEN BINDING ASSAY; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; ELISA; POLYRIBOPHOSPHATE; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINES; CHILDREN; ANTIGEN AB An interlaboratory study was conducted to determine whether an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an antigen preparation composed of various-sized fragments of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide conjugated to human serum albumin could be standardized across laboratories and whether the ELISA-derived results from different laboratories are equivalent to those obtained by the standard radioactive antigen binding assay (RABA) for quantitation of anti-H, influenza type b polysaccharide antibodies. Twenty coded human serum samples were qnantitated by ELISA in 11 laboratories and by RABA in 5 laboratories. The mean RABA-derived values served as the basis for all comparisons. While the overall correspondence of antibody values between the two methods was good, significant differences were found among some of the 11 ELISA data sets and among the mean RABA values. Seven laboratories generated higher ELISA antibody values for lo rv-titered sera. Four laboratories generated antibody concentrations that were not statistically different between the two assay methods. The results therefore indicate that the ELISA can tolerate substantial variations in protocol, such as the use of different plates and different antibody reagents, without affecting the quantitation of serum antibodies. However, attention should be focused on low-titered sera, as some assay conditions may yield spurious results. This ELISA is a serologic assay which can serve as an alternative to the RABA for quantitation of antibodies to H. influenzae type b polysaccharide. C1 LEDERLE PRAXIS BIOL,W HENRIETTA,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. BAYLOR COLL MED,INFLUENZA RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,JOHNS HOPKINS ASTHMA & ALLERGY CTR,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES,BETHESDA,MD. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. MASSACHUSETTS PUBL HLTH BIOL LABS,BOSTON,MA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,HARBOR MED SCH,TORRANCE,CA 90509. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 3 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA TP777 UT WOS:A1996TP77700015 PM 8770509 ER PT J AU Bayorh, MA Williams, EF Ogbolu, EC Walker, CE Manor, EL Brown, IG Chenault, VM AF Bayorh, MA Williams, EF Ogbolu, EC Walker, CE Manor, EL Brown, IG Chenault, VM TI Effects of MaxEPA on salt-induced hypertension: Relationship to [H-3]nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE MaxEPA; Dahl rats; blood pressure; nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites; nucleoside transport ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; FISH OIL; NITROBENZYLTHIOINOSINE BINDING; RATS; ACID; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PLATELET AB We investigated the effects of dietary MaxEPA (a major source of eicosapentaenoic acid in fish oil) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) responses and heart rate (HII) of Dahl. salt-sensitive (SS) rats fed low (0.4% NaCl) and high (8.0% NaCl) sodium diets. During a four week treatment period, BP remained normotensive in rats on low salt diet but was significantly elevated in those on high salt diet, causing 50% mortality. MaxEPA diminished the BP elevation and prevented the high salt-induced mortality. HR was not affected by either salt diet alone but was reduced in the presence of MaxEPA. At the end of the treatment period, the distribution of [H-3]nitrobenzylthioinosine ([H-3]NBMPR) binding, a putative marker of adenosine transport and metabolism, was estimated in selected rat tissues in order to evaluate the role of the purinergic system in the BP lowering effect of MaxEPA. Maximal [H-3]NBMPR binding capacity (Bmax) in the kidney and platelets were 39% and 82% lower, respectively, in rats on high salt diet than in those on low salt diet. MaxEPA significantly blunted the decrease in Bmax in the kidney but not in platelets and increased Bmax in heart (48%) of low salt group. There were no changes in dissociation constants (Kd). The results suggest that MaxEPA can attenuate salt-induced hypertension, reduce salt-induced mortality and protect the integrity of kidney NBMPR binding sites in salt-induced hypertension. C1 US FDA,CDRH,ODE,DCLD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP Bayorh, MA (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,720 WESTVIEW DR SW,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08248]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL01703, HL33949] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1064-1963 J9 CLIN EXP HYPERTENS JI Clin. Exp. Hypertens. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.3109/10641969609082605 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA UC454 UT WOS:A1996UC45400003 PM 8822232 ER PT J AU Anello, C ONeill, RT AF Anello, C ONeill, RT TI Does research synthesis have a place in drug regulatory policy? Synopsis of issues: Assessment of safety and postmarketing surveillance SO CLINICAL RESEARCH AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Meeting on Research Synthesis - Applications to Drug Regulatory Policy and Health Care Policy CY DEC 05, 1994 CL HARVARD SCH PUBLIC HLTH, BOSTON, MA SP Harvard Sch Public Hlth, Technol Assessment Grp HO HARVARD SCH PUBLIC HLTH RP Anello, C (reprint author), US FDA,DEPT BIOMETR,ROOM 15B45,HFD-710,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1060-1333 J9 CLIN RES REGUL AFF JI Clin. Res. Regul. Affairs PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.3109/10601339609019625 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TX935 UT WOS:A1996TX93500003 ER PT J AU ONeill, RT Anello, C AF ONeill, RT Anello, C TI Does research synthesis have a place in drug regulatory policy? Synopsis of issues: Assessment of efficacy and drug approval SO CLINICAL RESEARCH AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Meeting on Research Synthesis - Applications to Drug Regulatory Policy and Health Care Policy CY DEC 05, 1994 CL HARVARD SCH PUBLIC HLTH, BOSTON, MA SP Harvard Sch Public Hlth, Technol Assessment Grp HO HARVARD SCH PUBLIC HLTH ID P-VALUES RP ONeill, RT (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,ROOM 15B45,HFD-710,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1060-1333 J9 CLIN RES REGUL AFF JI Clin. Res. Regul. Affairs PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.3109/10601339609019626 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TX935 UT WOS:A1996TX93500004 ER PT J AU Yu, MW Mason, BL Guo, ZP Tankersley, DL AF Yu, MW Mason, BL Guo, ZP Tankersley, DL TI Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin with regard to hepatitis C virus SO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hepatitis C and Intravenous Immunoglobulin CY APR 29-30, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL RP Yu, MW (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,LAB PLASMA DERIVAT,BETHESDA,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0149-2918 J9 CLIN THER JI Clin. Ther. PY 1996 VL 18 SU B BP 71 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0149-2918(96)80197-4 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VR880 UT WOS:A1996VR88000007 PM 8930443 ER PT J AU Weng, TS AF Weng, TS TI Evaluation of a new diagnostic test against a reference test less than perfect in accuracy SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE accuracy; sensitivity; specificity; EM algorithm ID EM ALGORITHM AB An EM algorithm is developed for computing the maximum likelihood estimates, along with their standard errors, of the accuracy rates of a new medical diagnostic test, as well as for those of a reference test (not necessarily a perfect gold standard), based on the outcomes of the tests when both are applied simultaneously to individuals with unknown disease state sampled from an arbitrary number of populations for which the prevalence rate of the disease in question is also unknown. This algorithm is heuristically appealing in that it also estimates the prevalence rate in each population and aids the perception of the effects of numerical constraints imposed on some of the rate parameters. Several illustrative examples are provided. C1 US FDA,CDRH,OSB,DIV BIOSTAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT SIMULAT JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1996 VL 25 IS 2 BP 533 EP 555 DI 10.1080/03610919608813328 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA UH889 UT WOS:A1996UH88900015 ER PT J AU Ahn, HS AF Ahn, HS TI Log-gamma regression modeling through regression trees SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; cross-validation; parametric regression; recursive partitioning; residual; survival analysis ID CENSORED-DATA AB This paper investigates a method for fitting piecewise log-gamma regression models to censored survival data. Partitioning is performed using analysis of the distributions of residuals and cross-validation estimates of average squared error. Instead of evaluating the maximum likelihood estimates simultaneously for all the parameters, the regression coefficients and scale parameter are estimated for different fixed values of the shape parameter in each stratum. Likelihood ratio tests for discovering the best parametric regression model among the parametric families of lifetime distributions is performed in each stratum. Thus, the proposed method can identify the model for each subsample if the whole sample consists of subsamples having different regression models. The proposed method is illustrated with real and simulated data. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1996 VL 25 IS 2 BP 295 EP 311 DI 10.1080/03610929608831696 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TV038 UT WOS:A1996TV03800004 ER PT J AU Kodell, RL Ahn, H AF Kodell, RL Ahn, H TI Nonparametric trend test for the cumulative tumor incidence rate SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE bioassay; constrained maximization; delta method; expected information; interval sacrifice; power; size ID SURVIVAL SACRIFICE EXPERIMENTS; CARCINOGENICITY EXPERIMENTS; MORTALITY AB The fundamental approach of Malani and Van Ryzin (JASA, 1988) is utilized to develop a nonparametric test for dose-related trend for use with tumorigenicity data from animal bioassays that include interim sacrifices. By constraining the age-specific tumor incidence rate to be nonnegative, the proposed procedure improves both the size and power of the Malani-Van Ryzin test. A real-data example and a small Monte Carlo simulation study illustrate the improvements achieved by the new test. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,BIOMETRY BRANCH,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1996 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1677 EP 1692 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA UV009 UT WOS:A1996UV00900001 ER PT S AU Gagne, RM Jafroudi, H Jennings, RJ Fewell, TR Quinn, PW Artz, DES Vucich, JJ Freedman, MT Mun, SK AF Gagne, RM Jafroudi, H Jennings, RJ Fewell, TR Quinn, PW Artz, DES Vucich, JJ Freedman, MT Mun, SK BE Doi, K Giger, ML Nishikawa, RM Schmidt, RA TI Digital mammography using storage phosphor plates and a computer-designed x-ray system SO DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY '96 SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Digital Mammography CY JUN 09-12, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Bayer Corp, Agfa Div, Trex Med Corp, Bennett X Ray Technol Div, Eastman Kodak Co, Fischer Imaging Corp, Fuji Med Syst US Inc, Georgetown Univ, Dept Radiol, GE, Instrumentarium Corp, R2 Technol Inc, Sterling Diag Imaging Inc, Toshiba Corp, Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Univ Chicago Canc Res Ctr AB The purpose of this work is to continue our examination of the feasibility of performing digital mammography by combining storage-phosphor plates with a computer-optimized x-ray system. We supplement previously published data on this combination of image receptor and x-ray system with data at a set of more optimal tube potentials and at a range of exposure levels. Digital mammography with the system studied is at Least feasible since phantom image quality is comparable to that of a conventional system. A rigorous optimization of the x-ray system design is planned for the future. RP Gagne, RM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82431-6 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1996 VL 1119 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH12T UT WOS:A1996BH12T00018 ER PT J AU Chen, W Zhou, YG Nichols, J Chung, KT Hart, RW Chou, MW AF Chen, W Zhou, YG Nichols, J Chung, KT Hart, RW Chou, MW TI Effect of dietary restriction on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolic activation and pulmonary BaP-DNA adduct formation in mouse SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALORIC RESTRICTION; FOOD RESTRICTION; FISCHER-344 RAT; DIOL EPOXIDES; CARCINOGENESIS; ENZYMES; INVITRO; SYSTEM; INVIVO AB Hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities of laboratory animals can be modulated by Dietary restriction (DR). The modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities can affect the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. Acute DR (60% of the food consumption of ad libitum (AL)-fed mice for 7 weeks) reduced the body weights of the male B6C3F(1) mice, and increased mouse pulmonary cytochrome P4501A1-dependent BaP metabolizing enzyme activity. The effects of DR on the formation of the specific BaP-DNA adduct, 10-(N-2-deoxyguanosinyl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP (BaP-N-2-dG) in mouse lung can be detected by using P-32-postlabeling technique. In both AL and DR-mice total BaP-DNA adduct formation in lung reached a peak at 48 hours after treatment with [H-3]BaP and the in vivo formation of BaP-N-2-dG was greater in DR mouse lung than in that of AL-animals by 22%. DR increased in vitro BaP-N-2-dG formation by 39% when calf-thymus DNA was incubated with BaP using liver microsomes obtained from DR- or AL-mice as the enzyme source. The formation of the specific BaP-N-2-dG adducts, measured by P-32-postlabeling, was only 20% of the total [H-3]BaP-DNA adducts as determined by liquid scintillation counting. The increase of BaP-DNA adduct formation in mouse lung was correlated to the enhancement of the mouse pulmonary BaP metabolizing enzyme activity. Our results indicated that the effect of DR on the metabolic activation of BaP in mouse lung was dependent upon the mouse lung cytochrome P4501A1-dependent BaP metabolizing enzymes activities which was significantly increased by DR. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.3109/01480549609002194 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA UQ005 UT WOS:A1996UQ00500002 PM 8804551 ER PT J AU JonkmandeVries, JD Flora, KP Bult, A Beijnen, JH AF JonkmandeVries, JD Flora, KP Bult, A Beijnen, JH TI Pharmaceutical development of (investigational) anticancer agents for parenteral use - A review SO DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY LA English DT Review ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOSOME-ENCAPSULATED DOXORUBICIN; WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS; EVERY 21 DAYS; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; DRUG DELIVERY; PHASE-I; CREMOPHOR-EL; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) MICROSPHERES; GELATIN MICROSPHERES AB Due to the high mortality rate, the therapy of cancer has been and still is under vigorous investigation. Traditional approaches to new drug development have led to the discovery of several chemotherapeutic agents, which are now routinely used in the clinic. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current status of the pharmaceutical formulation of antineoplastic drugs from 1986 onwards. Among the aspects of the pharmaceutical development of antineoplastic drugs discussed are the following: formulation development process, solubilization techniques, the application of several colloidal systems, the use of prodrugs, and lyophilized (freeze-dried) formulations. Formulation procedures, the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies, and the toxicity risk are described and illustrated with examples from the literature. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV RES & TESTING,LAUREL,MD 20708. UNIV UTRECHT,FAC PHARM,DEPT PSYCHOPHARMACOL,3584 CA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP JonkmandeVries, JD (reprint author), SLOTERVAART HOSP,NETHERLANDS CANC INST,DEPT PHARM,LOUWESWEG 6,1066 EC AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NR 155 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0363-9045 J9 DRUG DEV IND PHARM JI Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 6 BP 475 EP 494 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UN998 UT WOS:A1996UN99800001 ER PT J AU Ni, YC Wong, TY Lloyd, RV Heinze, TM Shelton, S Casciano, D Kadlubar, FF Fu, PP AF Ni, YC Wong, TY Lloyd, RV Heinze, TM Shelton, S Casciano, D Kadlubar, FF Fu, PP TI Mouse liver microsomal metabolism of chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid, and trichloroethanol leading to induction of lipid peroxidation via a free radical mechanism SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; INHALATION TOXICITY; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; MICE; MUTAGENICITY; FORMALDEHYDE; ACETALDEHYDE AB Metabolism of chloral hydrate (CH) by male B6C3F(1) mouse liver microsomes (control-microsomes) generated free radical intermediates that resulted in endogenous lipid peroxidation, forming malondialdehyde (MDA), formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (ACT), acetone, and propionaldehyde. Because MDA, FA, and ACT are tumorigens, endogenous formation of lipid peroxidation products via a free radical mechanism may be responsible for hepatocellular tumorigenicity of CH to the B6C3F(1) mice. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCE), the primary metabolites of CH, also generated free radicals and induced lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation from TCA equaled that induced by CH, whereas that from TCE was 3- to 4-fold lower, suggesting that metabolism of CH to TCA may be the predominant pathway leading to lipid peroxidation. Metabolism of CH, TCA, and TCE by liver microsomes of mice pretreated with pyrazole (pyrazole-microsomes) yielded lipid peroxidation products at a level 2- to 3-fold higher than those from liver microsomes of untreated mice. In addition, CH-induced lipid peroxidation catalyzed by control-microsomes and pyrazole-microsomes was reduced significantly by 2,4-dichloro-6-phenylphenoxyethylamine, a general cytochrome P450 inhibitor. Thus, our study suggests that cytochrome P450 is the enzyme catalyzing the metabolic activation of CH and its metabolites; (TCA and TCE) leading to lipid peroxidation, and that CYP2E1 may be the major isozyme responsible. This latter conclusion was supported by results using human lymphoblastoid cells expressing cytochrome P4502E1, which metabolized CH to reactants inducing mutations, whereas the parental cell line was inactive. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. MEMPHIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TQ251 UT WOS:A1996TQ25100012 PM 8825194 ER PT J AU Gaylor, DW AF Gaylor, DW TI Risk estimation - An overview: Disease risk estimation based upon animal bioassays SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Arkansas Toxicology Symposium CY NOV 10-11, 1994 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR DE bioassay protocols; cancer; exposure conditions; non-cancer end points; risk estimation ID CARCINOGENIC POTENCY DATABASE; DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; MULTIPLICATIVE MODELS; MULTISTAGE MODEL; RELATIVE RISK; FETAL WEIGHT; EXTRAPOLATION; MALFORMATION; SUBSTANCES RP NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT, US FDA, JEFFERSON, AR 72079 USA. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0360-2532 EI 1097-9883 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.3109/03602539608993989 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ032 UT WOS:A1996UJ03200003 PM 8744587 ER PT J AU Schwetz, BA AF Schwetz, BA TI Noncancer risk assessment: Reproductive toxicology SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Arkansas Toxicology Symposium CY NOV 10-11, 1994 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR ID BORIC-ACID BA; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RAT RP Schwetz, BA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.3109/03602539608993992 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ032 UT WOS:A1996UJ03200006 PM 8744590 ER PT J AU Rulis, AM AF Rulis, AM TI Making regulatory decisions across the food ingredient spectrum SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Arkansas Toxicology Symposium CY NOV 10-11, 1994 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR RP US FDA, OFF PREMKT APPROVAL, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0360-2532 EI 1097-9883 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.3109/03602539608993999 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ032 UT WOS:A1996UJ03200012 PM 8744596 ER PT J AU Kodell, RL AF Kodell, RL TI Bioassay designs for validating biologically based mathematical models of carcinogenesis for risk assessment SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Arkansas Toxicology Symposium CY NOV 10-11, 1994 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR RP Kodell, RL (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.3109/03602539608994001 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ032 UT WOS:A1996UJ03200014 PM 8744598 ER PT J AU Kragie, L AF Kragie, L TI Membrane iodothyronine transporters .2. Review of protein biochemistry SO ENDOCRINE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID THYROID-HORMONE-BINDING; CYTOSOLIC 3,5,3'-TRIIODO-L-THYRONINE-BINDING PROTEIN; ADENINE-NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASES; L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BINDING; RAT ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; AMINO-ACID-TRANSPORT; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; L-THYROXINE C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PHARMACOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. RP Kragie, L (reprint author), US FDA, CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES, DIV ANESTHET CRIT CARE & ADDICT DRUGS, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 118 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0743-5800 J9 ENDOCR RES JI Endocr. Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 2 BP 95 EP 119 PG 25 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UT929 UT WOS:A1996UT92900001 PM 8799690 ER PT J AU Heflich, RH Mittelstaedt, RA Manjanatha, MG LynCook, LE Aidoo, A AF Heflich, RH Mittelstaedt, RA Manjanatha, MG LynCook, LE Aidoo, A TI DNA sequence analysis of hprt mutations in lymphocytes from Sprague-Dawley rots treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene; Sprague-Dawley rat; lymphocytes; hprt; mutation ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HA-RAS ONCOGENE; MOUSE SKIN; IN-VIVO; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; FISCHER-344 RATS; INVIVO EXPOSURE AB Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with the potent mammary gland carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) results in the formation of DNA adducts with dG and dA and in the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TG(r)) lymphocyte mutants. In this study, we have examined the types of mutations induced in TG(r) lymphocytes from DMBA-treated rats. DNA from 263 TG(r) lymphocyte clones was screened for mutations in exons 2, 3, and 8 of the hprt gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the exons followed by heteroduplex analysis using denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five of the clones produced heteroduplexes in exon 2, 35 produced heteroduplexes in exon 3, and 36 produced heteroduplexes in exon 8. Direct sequence analysis of the heteroduplexes revealed 96 mutations, and at least 74 of these mutations were produced independently. Eighty-five of the total mutations were simple bose pair (bp) substitutions, with A --> T and G --> T transversions being the predominant types. Seven mutations were deletions, three were complex bp substitutions, and one was an insertion. The results suggest that the types of mutations produced by DMBA in rat lymphocytes are specific to the DNA adducts produced by this compound. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP Heflich, RH (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HFT-200,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:1<5::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-G PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA UZ821 UT WOS:A1996UZ82100003 PM 8698046 ER PT J AU Dobrovolsky, VN Casciano, DA Heflich, RH AF Dobrovolsky, VN Casciano, DA Heflich, RH TI Development of a novel mouse tk(+/-) embryonic stem cell line for use in mutagenicity studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Meeting on the State of the Art in Transgenic Animals in Mutation Research, at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY 1996 CL VANCOUVER ISL, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE embryonic stem cells; homologous recombination; thymidine kinase; N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea; mutation ID THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; HETEROZYGOUS AUTOSOMAL LOCUS; TRANSGENIC MICE; LYMPHOMA-CELLS; ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SHUTTLE VECTORS; ASSAY SYSTEM; TK LOCUS; IN-VITRO AB A tk(+/-) mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell I ne, designated 1G2, has been created in which one allele of the thymidine kinase (ik) gene was inactivated by targeted homologous recombination. This line is an analog of the mouse lymphoma tk(+/-) L5178Y cell line, which is used widely to assess the mutagenicity of chemical agents. Treatment of 1G2 cells with the alkylating agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) resulted in a dose-related increase in trifluorothymidine-resistant colonies. Mutant frequencies of 152 and 296 per 10(6) cells were determined for 0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml doses of ENU, compared with a spontaneous mutant frequency of 15 per 10(6) cells. The data indicate that tk(+/-) 1G2 ES cells may be useful for the creation of a transgenic mouse model for assessing in vivo mutation using an endogenous autosomal gene. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Dobrovolsky, VN (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HFT120,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 4 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:4<483::AID-EM26>3.0.CO;2-A PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA XK218 UT WOS:A1996XK21800026 PM 8991081 ER PT J AU Morris, SM McGarrity, LJ Domon, OE Chen, JJ Casciano, DA AF Morris, SM McGarrity, LJ Domon, OE Chen, JJ Casciano, DA TI Cell cycle traverse in AHH-1 tk+/- human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to the chromosomal mutagen, m-amsa SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cell cycle traverse; human lymphoblastoid cells; m-amsa; flow cytometry ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; HL-60 CELLS; S-PHASE; TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS; APOPTOTIC CELLS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; P34CDC2 KINASE; CAMPTOTHECIN; MECHANISM AB AHH-1 tk +/- cells were exposed to the chemother apeutic agent, m-amsa, both in complete medium and in medium without serum, subcultured in complete medium, and the effect on the traverse of the cell cycle determined by flow cytometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeled DNA. After exposure to m-amsa (day 0), the percentage of S-phase cells increased significantly (P < 0.0017) with increasing concentration. Cells also accumulated in G2/M as evidenced by the significant (P < 0.0026), concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of cells detected within this phase. Serum deprivation during exposure resulted in significantly (P = 0.024) more cells in S-phase than in cultures exposed to m-amsa in complete medium. After three days in culture, a significant (P = 0.0001) accumulation of cells in G2/M was present; the percentage of cells in G2/M did not differ significantly (P = 0.148) in cultures exposed to m-amsa in complete medium or in serum-free medium. However, a significant (P < 0.001) loss of S-phase cells was found in cultures exposed without serum. At day 7, no significant concentration effects were detected (G0/G1, P = 0.6026; S-phase, P = 0.9773; G2/M, P = 0.8401). These results demonstrate that exposure to m-amsa perturbs the traverse of the cell cycle, initially by inhibiting the completion of S-phase and followed by an accumulation of cells in G2/M. In addition, exposure to m-amsa under conditions of serum deprivation results in an increased percentage of cells in the initial S-phase after exposure, the loss of S-phase cells from the culture after three days, and the appearance of a subdiploid peak, consistent with cells undergoing apoptosis. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Morris, SM (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:1<10::AID-EM2>3.0.CO;2-I PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA TY421 UT WOS:A1996TY42100002 PM 8625943 ER PT J AU Zhan, DJ Heflich, RH Fu, PP AF Zhan, DJ Heflich, RH Fu, PP TI Molecular characterization of mutation and comparison of mutation profiles in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with benzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide, 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide, and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; CHO cell; hprt gene; mutation; RT-PCR; DNA sequencing ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIPLOID HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE; DIRECT-ACTING MUTAGENICITY; DOSE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI PLASMID; EXCISION-REPAIR; CODING REGION; DIOL EPOXIDE; DNA-ADDUCTS AB Both 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (nitro-BaP) ore environmental contaminants, potent mutagens in Salmo nella, and moderate mutagens in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The mutagenicity of their oxidized metabolites, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8, 9,10-tetrahydro-1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1-nitro-BaP-DE) and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8, 9,10-tetrahydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP-DE), together with trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP-DE), was determined in CHO-K1 cells, and the resulting mutations at the hprt locus were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse transcribed hprt mRNA, followed by DNA sequence analysis. The mutant frequencies, in mutants/10(6) clonable cells, at 30 and 100 ng/ml, were BaP-DE, 248 and 456; 1-nitro-BaP-DE, 68 and 260; 3-nitro-BaP-DE, 81 and 232, respectively. In general, the three diolepoxides exhibited similar mutational spectra: 1) 64% (23/36 sequenced mutants) of BaP-DE, 53% (19/36) of 1-nitro-BaP-DE, and 64% (23/36) of 3-nitro-BaP-DE mutants resulted from simple base pair substitution, with the predominant mutation being G-->T transversion; 2) 90%, 100%, and 100% of mutations at G:C had the mutated dG on the nontranscribed DNA strand; and 3) about one quarter of the mutants produced by each mutagen had one or more PCR products with partial or complete exon deletions. The mutagens induced few frameshifts or complex mutations. Among the differences in mutational specificity for the three diolepoxides, the proportion of substituted dGs with 3' purines was significant (P < 0.05) for BaP-DE (16/19, 84%) and 3-nitro-BaP-DE (17/20, 85%), but not significant for 1-nitro-BaP-DE-induced mutants (11/17, 65%, P > 0.05). Also, high proportions of BaP-DE and 3-nitro-BaP-DE base pair sub stitutions at G:C occurred in DNA sequence contexts of 5'GG-3', 5'GGA-3', and 5'-TGGA-3', while the proportions of 1-nitro-BaP-DE mutants in these contexts were often lower. The results indicate that nitro substitution at C1 or C3 of BaP-DE reduces mutational potency in CHO cells and appears to have only subtle effects upon the mutational pattern in the hprt gene. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Zhan, DJ (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,HFT-110,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:1<19::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA TY421 UT WOS:A1996TY42100003 PM 8625944 ER PT J AU Chung, KT Murdock, CA Zhou, YG Stevens, SE Li, YS Wei, CI Fernanda, SY Chou, MW AF Chung, KT Murdock, CA Zhou, YG Stevens, SE Li, YS Wei, CI Fernanda, SY Chou, MW TI Effects of the nitro-group on the mutagenicity and toxicity of some benzamines SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mutagenicity; cytotoxicity; chromosomal aberrations; oxidative potential; benzamines ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; AZO DYES; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; REDUCTION; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION; 1-NITROPYRENE; 1-AMINOPYRENE; ORIENTATION AB The Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay was employed to test the mutagenicity of some benzamines (aniline, and o- and p-phenylenediamine) and their nitro-derivatives (p-nitroaniline, 2-nitro-p-phenylene-diamine, 3- and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine), using strains TA98 and TA100 and their nitroreductase-deficient mutants, TA98NR and TA100NR, in the presence and absence of rat S9 mix. The addition of the nitro-group to benzamine molecules converted them into direct mutagens. Furthermore, the position of the nitro-group affected their mutagenic activities. Cytotoxicity testing with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) showed that the presence of the nitro-group in these compounds had no specific effect on toxicity. The test compounds all showed a dose-related increase in inducing chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells. However, the presence of the nitro-group did not affect potency in inducing chromosomal aberrations. Compounds containing the nitro-group had higher initial oxidation potentials and dipole moments (mu) than their nonnitro-containing counterparts. The mutagenicity and toxicity of these compounds were not related to physicochemical properties, including oxidation potential, energy difference (Delta E) between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), ionization potential (I.P.), and mu. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,GAINESVILLE,FL. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Chung, KT (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DIV MOLEC SCI & MICROBIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:1<67::AID-EM9>3.0.CO;2-B PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA TY421 UT WOS:A1996TY42100009 PM 8625950 ER PT J AU Casciano, DA Chou, M LynCook, LE Aidoo, A AF Casciano, DA Chou, M LynCook, LE Aidoo, A TI Calorie restriction modulates chemically induced in vivo somatic mutation frequency SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE caloric restriction; rat lymphocytes; hprt; Aflatoxin B-1 ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; FISCHER-344 RATS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; ADDUCT FORMATION; TRANSGENIC MICE; DNA-REPAIR; INVIVO; ASSAY; LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION C1 US PHS,DIV GENET TOXICOL,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,US DEPT HHS,FDA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,JEFFERSON,AR. US PHS,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,US DEPT HHS,FDA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,JEFFERSON,AR. US PHS,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,US DEPT HHS,FDA,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:2<162::AID-EM10>3.0.CO;2-D PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA UD277 UT WOS:A1996UD27700010 PM 8603668 ER PT S AU Trucksess, MW AF Trucksess, MW BE VanEmon, JM Gerlach, CL Johnson, JC TI Immunochemical methods for fumonisins in corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL METHODS: PERSPECTIVES AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Immunochemical Methods - Perspectives and Applications, at the National Immunochemistry Summit IV CY AUG 02-03, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; B-1; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOASSAY; MYCOTOXINS AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup procedure have been successfully applied to the determination of fumonisins in corn. The performance of the ELISA was evaluated by comparison to a reference high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The IAC procedure was coupled with HPLC determination. The recoveries of fumonisin B-1, from corn spiked at the 1,2, and 4 mu g/g levels were 73-106, 79-83, and 64-92% for the ELISA, IAC, and HPLC methods, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the methods compared favorably. In the comparative studies using naturally contaminated corn samples, the ELISA results were 2-100% higher than those determined by HPLC. The immunoaffinity procedure results were about 71% of the levels observed using HPLC. RP Trucksess, MW (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV NAT PROD,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3454-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 646 BP 326 EP 332 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BG68A UT WOS:A1996BG68A00027 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Luneau, A Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE AF Wang, RF Luneau, A Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE TI PGR detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading mycobacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SEDIMENT; PYRENE; MINERALIZATION; FLUORANTHENE; TUBERCULOSIS; DEGRADATION; BACTERIUM; PROBES AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods based on the 16S rRNA genes of Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 and Mycobacterium sp. PAH135, known PAH-degrading bacteria, were developed. An efficient mycobacterial cell lysis procedure was used for the PCR assay. The PCR methods were positive with the target species, but negative for the other 45 bacterial species tested including other Mycobacterium spp. The PCR sensitivity for pure cultures was 20 cells for Mycobacterium sp. PAH135 and 200 cells for Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1. The PCR with a simple sample preparation procedure was used to monitor Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 cell concentrations in soil slurries amended with [C-14]pyrene. The pyrene mineralization correlated with the Mycobacterium PYR-1 cell concentrations in the soil slurries. When the PCR titer (the maximum dilution for positive PCR results) reached 10(-4)-10(-5) at 5-10 days incubation, approximately 50% of the [C-14]pyrene had been mineralized to (CO2)-C-14. However, without inoculation with Mycobacterium PYR-1 cells, both the sterile and nonsterile soils had negative PCR results and no pyrene mineralization. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1021/es950388b PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TN497 UT WOS:A1996TN49700064 ER PT J AU Milagres, LG Brandileone, MCC Sacchi, CT Vieira, VSD Zanella, RC Frasch, CE AF Milagres, LG Brandileone, MCC Sacchi, CT Vieira, VSD Zanella, RC Frasch, CE TI Antibody studies in mice of outer membrane antigens for use in an improved meningococcal B and C vaccine SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; lipooligosaccharide; vaccine; iron regulated protein; outer membrane ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; DISEASE; ASSAY AB Since 1988, N. meningitis, B:4:P1.15, ET-5 complex, has been responsible for an epidemic of meningococcal disease in Greater Sao Paulo, Brazil. Despite current trials to develop an effective vaccine against group B meningococci, children less than 2 years old have not been protected. It has been suggested that iron-regulated proteins (IRPs) should be considered as potential antigens for meningococcal vaccines. The vaccines under study consisted of outer-membrane vesicles depleted of lipooligosaccharide from three serogroup B strains and one serogroup C strain, IRPs, meningococcal group C polysaccharide and aluminum hydroxide. Four different protein and C: polysaccharide concentrations were studied. The ELISA and bactericidal results showed a higher antibody response when 2 injections of 2.0 mu g doses were administered. Despite higher IgG reactivity against antigen preparations-containing IRPs seen in ELISA, the bactericidal activity was not increased if the target strain was grown in iron-restricted medium, The influence of addition of alkaline-detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) on immunogenicity of the vaccine was also investigated, and the dLOS provided for a functionally specific antibody response. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Milagres, LG (reprint author), ADOLFO LUTZ INST,BACTERIOL BRANCH,AV DR ARNALDO,351 CERQUEIRA CESAR,BR-01246902 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA TR990 UT WOS:A1996TR99000002 PM 8821393 ER PT J AU Bolger, PM Yess, NJ Gunderson, EL Troxell, TC Carrington, CD AF Bolger, PM Yess, NJ Gunderson, EL Troxell, TC Carrington, CD TI Identification and reduction of sources of dietary lead in the United States SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE dietary lead; food safety; contaminants ID BLOOD; WATER; FOOD AB Lead, an environmental contaminant, originates from a variety of sources. For over two decades, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made a number of efforts to reduce dietary lead exposure of the general population, and especially of vulnerable subpopulations such as infants and children and, indirectly, the foetus. Through cooperation with infant food manufacturers, reductions of about 80-90% in the lead content of infant foods were achieved, primarily through eliminating the use of cans for infant food products and following good manufacturing practices. Another major reduction in dietary lead was realized by discontinuing the use of lead solder in domestically produced food cans. FDA has also taken steps to minimize or further reduce sources of lead in the diet from lead glazes on ceramicware, leaded crystalware, dietary supplements, bottled water, and lead capsules on wine bottles. These actions have resulted in a considerable decrease in the exposure of the United States population to dietary lead. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TV788 UT WOS:A1996TV78800006 PM 8647307 ER PT J AU Carrington, CD Bolger, PM Scheuplein, RJ AF Carrington, CD Bolger, PM Scheuplein, RJ TI Risk analysis of dietary lead exposure SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE lead; risk analysis; dietary exposure; Monte-Carlo simulation; blood lead levels ID SOIL AB Distribution of intake and lead levels in dietary and non-dietary sources and of lead absorption were used in a Monte-Carlo simulation to predict blood lead levels in populations of concern. Blood lead levels were determined with and without particular dietary sources, and added risk was estimated for each source. These calculations permit comparisons of relative risk used to evaluate and limit: dietary exposure to lead. Added risk of exposure to lead in wine, calcium supplements and ceramic-ware, and drinking water were calculated for adult men, pregnant women, and children, respectively. RP Carrington, CD (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,CONTAMINANTS STAND MONITORING & PROGRAMS BRANCH,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TV788 UT WOS:A1996TV78800007 PM 8647308 ER PT J AU Kessler, DA AF Kessler, DA TI Remarks by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Kessler, DA (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1996 VL 51 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UQ154 UT WOS:A1996UQ15400001 PM 11817358 ER PT J AU Shroff, AP AF Shroff, AP TI The FDA's reaction to corporate compliance audits SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Shroff, AP (reprint author), US FDA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,OFF ENFORCEMENT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1996 VL 51 IS 2 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UQ154 UT WOS:A1996UQ15400003 PM 11820199 ER PT J AU Noguchi, PD AF Noguchi, PD TI From Jim to Gene and beyond: An odyssey of biologics regulation SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Noguchi, PD (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,OFF THERAPEUT RES & REVIEW,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VB747 UT WOS:A1996VB74700003 PM 11797713 ER PT J AU Pinco, RG Rubin, PD AF Pinco, RG Rubin, PD TI Ambiguities of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,OTC DRUG REVIEW,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Pinco, RG (reprint author), AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD LLP,FOOD & DRUG PRACTICE GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1996 VL 51 IS 3 BP 383 EP 405 PG 23 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VB747 UT WOS:A1996VB74700006 PM 11797716 ER PT J AU Kessler, DA AF Kessler, DA TI Remarks by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs at the Twentieth Anniversary Celebration of the 1976 Medical Device Amendments SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Kessler, DA (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1996 VL 51 IS 4 BP 501 EP 503 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VW854 UT WOS:A1996VW85400005 PM 11797727 ER PT B AU Vanderveen, JE AF Vanderveen, JE BE McDonald, RE Min, DB TI Dietary recommendations for lipids and measures designed to facilitate implementation SO FOOD LIPIDS AND HEALTH SE IFT BASIC SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IFT Basic Symposium on Food Lipids and Health CY JUN 01-02, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Inst Food Technologists, Int Union Food Sci & Technol RP Vanderveen, JE (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-9712-4 J9 IFT BAS SYM PY 1996 VL 11 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BJ16Y UT WOS:A1996BJ16Y00001 ER PT B AU McDonald, RE Mossoba, MM AF McDonald, RE Mossoba, MM BE McDonald, RE Min, DB TI Trans fatty acids: Labeling, nutrition, and analysis SO FOOD LIPIDS AND HEALTH SE IFT BASIC SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IFT Basic Symposium on Food Lipids and Health CY JUN 01-02, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Inst Food Technologists, Int Union Food Sci & Technol RP McDonald, RE (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 0-8247-9712-4 J9 IFT BAS SYM PY 1996 VL 11 BP 161 EP 197 PG 37 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BJ16Y UT WOS:A1996BJ16Y00008 ER PT J AU Toyokuni, S Sagripanti, JL AF Toyokuni, S Sagripanti, JL TI Association between 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation and DNA strand breaks mediated by copper and iron SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper; iron; oxidative DNA damage; DNA strand breaks; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; hemochromatosis; Wilson's disease; free radicals ID SINGLE-STRAND; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PLASMID DNA; DAMAGE; CELLS; 8-HYDROXYGUANINE; RADIATION; CLEAVAGE; SITE; CARCINOGENESIS AB Oxidative DNA damage is involved in diverse biological phenomena and consists of several kinds of lesions, mainly, strand breaks, base modifications, and DNA-protein crosslinking, However, little is known about the existence of a chemical relationship among them or the ratio by which these different types of lesions are produced. In the present study we investigated whether a relationship exists between DNA strand breakage and base modification. We selected cupric [Cu(ll)] and ferric [Fe(III)I ions for this study because these transition metals are active catalysts of DNA damage in vivo. Supercoiled plasmid DNA pZ189 was treated with Cu(II) or Fe(III) in the presence of different reducing agents. We measured in each sample both the number of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) by quantitative electrophoresis and the amount of a modified DNA base, 8-hydroxy- 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by HPLC with simultaneous electrochemical (EC) and spectrophotometric detection. The number of DNA SSBs produced was linearly related to the number of 8-OHdG present. The regression of the number of SSBs as a function of the number of 8-OHdG is expressed by the equation [SSBs] = b x [8-OHdG], where b = 1.7, 2.0, 2,7, 1.7, and 9.4, for Cu(II) in the presence of H2O2, L-cysteine and L-ascorbate, and for Fe(III) in the presence of H2O2 and L-ascorbate, respectively. The linear correlation we observed between the production of SSB and 8-OHdG mediated by Fe(III) and by Cu(II) suggests that these products may arise via a common chemical mechanism and could allow an easier and more precise estimation of DNA breakage. C1 US FDA, CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,MOL BIOL BRANCH, DIV LIFE SCI,OFF SCI & TECHNOL, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. RI Toyokuni, Shinya/C-1358-2010 OI Toyokuni, Shinya/0000-0002-5757-1109 NR 42 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 6 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02184-1 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UE965 UT WOS:A1996UE96500013 PM 8728035 ER PT S AU Pohland, AE AF Pohland, AE BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Occurrence of fumonisins in the US food supply SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; ANIMAL HEALTH; CORN; PERFORMANCE; MYCOTOXIN; FEEDS; CANCER AB Over the past several years a great deal of interest has been shown in assessing human exposure to the fumonisins. This interest, of course, arises as a result of the finding of fumonisins in foods and the expanding data base on toxicological effects, both acute and sub-acute. The basis for exposure assessment lies in surveys of foods as well as a knowledge of consumption patterns. An overview of such surveys, limited as they are, will be presented along with some evaluation of the methodology used. RP Pohland, AE (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00002 PM 8850602 ER PT S AU Musser, SM AF Musser, SM BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Quantitation and identification of fumonisins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PULMONARY-EDEMA; MYCOTOXINS; CORN; CULTURES; SWINE AB A method was evaluated for the quantitation and identification of fumonisins by on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization. A linear response in the full-scan mode with positive ion detection was obtained for fumonisin B-1 (FB1) over the range of 5-5000 ng injected on-column. Purified FB1, FB2, and half-hydrolyzed FB1 showed equimolar responses. Fully hydrolyzed FB1 did not show a similar molar response profile and produced a signal which was approximately 2 times that obtained for an equal quantity of FB1. Most known fumonisins and preparative by-products such as methyl esters were chromatographically resolved and identified by MS by using an acetonitrile gradient and positive ion detection. Negative ion electrospray was used ro differentiate fumonisin amides from esters on the basis of differences in response. Response factors for FB1 and the acetyl amide of FB1 in the negative ion mode at pH 4.5 were approximately 1:3, respectively. RP Musser, SM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,INSTRUMENTAT & BIOPHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00006 PM 8850606 ER PT S AU Wilkes, JG Churchwell, MI Billedeau, SM Vollmer, DL Volmer, DA Thompson, HC Lay, JO AF Wilkes, JG Churchwell, MI Billedeau, SM Vollmer, DL Volmer, DA Thompson, HC Lay, JO BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Determination of underivatized fumonisin B-1 and related compounds by HPLC SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME AB A method is presented for determining the purity of the mycotoxin fumonisin B-1 (FB1) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). The ELSD is a universal HPLC detector that exhibits a non-linear relationship between analyte amount and the resulting response. A log-log plot of ELSD response with the mass of FB1 injected was used as a calibration curve for determining the quantities of both FB1 and also individual impurities present in samples. Assumptions related to the uniformity of ELSD response for different but related compounds and other issues implied in this use of ELSD data were examined. One potential error produced by use of this method for purity analysis comes from the ELSD's decreased sensitivity for low-concentration analytes. Because analytes become more dilute the longer they remain on a chromatographic column, this sensitivity discrimination can be related to the retention times at which they appear. The ELSD response for FB1 at retention time 15.5 minutes was used to construct a general purpose calibration curve. Whenever a peak appeared at any time other than 15.5 minutes, the discrimination effect was corrected using a an empirically determined weighting factor and a proportion calculated from the retention time difference compared to 15.5 minutes. Purities for two fumonisin samples were calculated using both the ELSD method described above and an electrospray/mass spectrometric method. The quantitative assumptions underlying each method were discussed in order to understand and reconcile differences between the two sets of purity values obtained. RP Wilkes, JG (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011; Volmer, Dietrich/G-7900-2012 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527; Volmer, Dietrich/0000-0003-2820-1480 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00008 PM 8850608 ER PT S AU Keller, SE Sullivan, TM AF Keller, SE Sullivan, TM BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Liquid culture methods for the production of fumonisin SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME NRRL-13616; SECTION LISEOLA; BIOSYNTHESIS; STRAINS AB Currently, fumonisin B-1 is obtained primarily by using solid culture methods. Although fumonisin B-1 concentrations obtained in solid culture are typically quite high, subsequent extraction and purification present problems. In addition, current methods utilize complex media which makes analysis of biosynthetic pathways and control mechanisms difficult. Liquid culture methods of production could eliminate many problems associated with production in solid culture. However, in the past, concentrations obtained in liquid culture have been relatively low. In this work, factors affecting the production of fumonisin B-1 from a shake flask scale of 100 mi to a fermenter scale of 100 liters were examined. Best results were obtained by using a fed batch method that is nitrogen limited, with pH control. With this method, concentrations in excess of 1000 ppm can be obtained. RP Keller, SE (reprint author), US FDA,BIOTECHNOL STUDIES BRANCH,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER RD,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-000431] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00018 PM 8850618 ER PT S AU Tolleson, WH Dooley, KL Sheldon, WG Thurman, JD Bucci, TJ Howard, PC AF Tolleson, WH Dooley, KL Sheldon, WG Thurman, JD Bucci, TJ Howard, PC BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI The mycotoxin fumonisin induces apoptosis in cultured human cells and in livers and kidneys of rats SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; INHIBITION; DEATH; HPLC; B1 AB Fumonisin B-1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusaruim moniliforme, a fungus that infects corn and other grains in the U.S. Fumonisin ingestion causes a variety of effects including equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema, and has been associated epidemiologically with human esophageal cancer. Fumonisin B-1 produces growth inhibition and increased apoptosis in primary human keratinocyte cultures and in HET-IA cells. In order to set the doses for a 2-year tumor bioassay, male and female F344 rats were fed fumonisin B-1 (99, 163, 234, and 484 ppm) for 28 days and the organs examined histologically. There was a dose dependent decrease in liver and kidney weights in the rats. The liver weight loss was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis and hepatocellular and bile duct hyperplasia in both sexes, with the female rats being more responsive at lower doses. The induction of tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was the primary response of the kidneys to dietary fumonisin B-1. Apoptosis was present at all doses in the kidneys of the male rats, and occurred in the females only at 163, 234, and 484 ppm fumonisin B-1. These results demonstrate that fumonisin B-1 treatment causes a similar increase in apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. RP Tolleson, WH (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,HFT-110,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 37 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 237 EP 250 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00021 PM 8850621 ER PT S AU Jackson, LS Hlywka, JJ Senthil, KR Bullerman, LB AF Jackson, LS Hlywka, JJ Senthil, KR Bullerman, LB BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Effect of thermal processing on the stability of fumonisins SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CONTAMINATED CORN; TOXICITY; RATS; METABOLITE; PRODUCTS; FEEDS AB Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme in corn, have been implicated in several animal and human diseases. F. moniliforme and the fumonisins are an area of increasing concern for corn producers and consumers. Consequently, there is interest in reducing human and animal exposure to these fungal toxins. Studies of the effects of biological, chemical, and physical treatments on the reduction of fumonisin levels in food have shown variable results. Work was conducted at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, to determine the effects of thermal processing on fumonisins B-1 (FB1) and B-2 (FB2) in an aqueous buffer. Parameters that were studied included processing time (0-60 min), processing temperature (100-235 degrees C), and buffer pH(4, 7, and 10). The rate and extent of fumonisin decomposition increased with processing temperature. Less than 27% of FB1 and less than 20% of FB2 were lost when processing temperatures were less than or equal to 125 degrees C for 60 min. After 60 min at 150 degrees C, losses of FB1 and FB2 were 80-90% at pH 4, 18-30% at pH 7, and 40-52% at pH 10. At temperatures greater than or equal to 175 degrees C, more than 80% of FB1 and FB2 was lost after 60 min. These results indicate that foods reaching temperatures greater than 150 degrees C during processing may have lower fumonisin levels. More work is needed to quantitate the effects of different processing operations (baking, extrusion, frying) on the fumonisin content of corn-based foods. RP Jackson, LS (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-000431] NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00030 PM 8850630 ER PT S AU Troxell, TC AF Troxell, TC BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Regulatory aspects of fumonisins in the United States SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc AB The hazards and risks from fumonisins, a relatively recently discovered class of mycotoxins, are in the process of being characterized. Any risk management approach must consider the uncertainties in the risk characterization and practicalities of control options. This paper addresses risk management alternatives, especially in the context of the Food and Drug Administration's legal authorities, and the potential impacts of the alternatives. RP Troxell, TC (reprint author), US FDA,DIV PROGRAMS & ENFORCEMENT POLICY,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 355 EP 361 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00031 PM 8850631 ER PT S AU Miller, MA Honstead, JP Lovell, RA AF Miller, MA Honstead, JP Lovell, RA BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Regulatory aspects of fumonisins with respect to animal feed - Animal derived residues in foods SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc AB The fumonisins are a recently discovered class of mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium (F.) moniliforme and F. proliferatum. Fumonisins present in mycotoxin-contaminated feed have been identified as the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. To prevent these diseases, FDA has utilized informal guidance levels for fumonisins in feed and initiated a surveillance program for fumonisins in feed corn and corn by-products during FY 93 and 94. Natural contaminants present in animal feed can enter the human food supply as residues present in animal tissues and other animal derived products. Although fumonisin guidance levels were originally set based on animal safety, FDA also ensures the human food safety of animal products from animals fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Recent pharmacokinetic studies in food-producing animals as well as statutory requirements for regulating natural toxins will be discussed in light of FDA's human food safety mandate. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,7500 STANDISH PL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00032 PM 8850632 ER PT J AU Slikker, W Crump, KS Andersen, ME Bellinger, D AF Slikker, W Crump, KS Andersen, ME Bellinger, D TI Biologically based, quantitative risk assessment of neurotoxicants SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; MARKERS; HEALTH; MODEL; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; VALIDATION; CHILDHOOD; NEURONS; MPP+ AB The need for biologically based, quantitative risk assessment procedures for noncancer endpoints such as neurotoxicity has been discussed in reports by the United States Congress (Office of Technology Assessment, OTA), National Research Council (NRC), and a federal coordinating council. According to OTA, current attention and resources allocated to health risk assessment research are inadequate and not commensurate with its impact on public health and the economy. Methods to include continuous rather than dichotomous data for neurotoxicity endpoints, biomarkers of exposure and effects, and pharmacokinetic and mechanistic data have been proposed for neurotoxicity risk assessment but require further review and validation before acceptance, The purpose of this symposium was to examine procedures to enhance the risk assessment process for neurotoxicants and to discuss techniques to make the process more quantitative, Accordingly, a review of the currently used safety factor risk assessment approach for neurotoxicants is provided along with specific examples of how this process may be enhanced with the use of the benchmark dose approach. The importance of including physiologically based pharmacokinetic data in the risk assessment process and specific examples of this approach is presented for neurotoxicants. The role of biomarkers of exposure and effect and mechanistic information in the risk assessment process are also addressed, Finally, quantitative approaches with the use of continuous neurotoxicity data are demonstrated and the outcomes compared to those generated by currently used risk assessment procedures. (C) 1996 Society of Toxicology. C1 ICF KAISER ENGINEERS,KS CRUMP,RUSTON,LA 71270. ICF KAISER,CRUMP DIV,MORRISVILLE,NC 27560. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,NEUROEPIDEMIOL UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Slikker, W (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TQ836 UT WOS:A1996TQ83600002 PM 8838636 ER PT J AU Feeney, J AF Feeney, J TI Design issues and problems in conducting clinical trials of headache drugs SO HEADACHE QUARTERLY-CURRENT TREATMENT AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Mini-Course on Development of New Drugs in the Treatment of Headache, at the Symposium on the Practicing Physicians Approach to the Difficult Headache Patient CY FEB, 1996 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA RP Feeney, J (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV NEUROPHARMACOL DRUG PROD,HFD 120,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DIAMOND HEADACHE CLINIC RESEARCH & EDUC FOUNDATION PI CHICAGO PA 467 WEST DEMING PLACE, CHICAGO, IL 60614 J9 HEADACHE Q-CURR TREA JI Headache Q.-Curr. Treat. Res. PY 1996 VL 7 SU 2 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WA643 UT WOS:A1996WA64300003 ER PT J AU Susskind, B Shornick, MD Iannotti, MR Duffy, B Tanden, PMN Siegel, JP Mohanakumar, T AF Susskind, B Shornick, MD Iannotti, MR Duffy, B Tanden, PMN Siegel, JP Mohanakumar, T TI Cytolytic effector mechanisms of human CD4(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED KILLER-CELLS; CYTO-TOXIC ACTIVITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GRANULE EXOCYTOSIS; MEDIATED LYSIS; TARGET-CELLS; CLONES; MURINE; CD4+; EXPRESSION AB To elucidate mechanisms by which human CD4(+) cells mediated cytolytic activity, we studied the expression of cytolytic proteins and the effects of inhibitors and mAbs on T-cell clones. Of seven cytolytic CD4(+) clones, three were specific for the HLA-DR17, while four recognized DR18. Anti-HLA-DR mAb and anti-CD4 mAb blocked lysis. In addition, N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK), a serine esterase inhibitor, as well as cytochalasin B and monensin, antagonists of secretory pathways, inhibited CD4(+) CTLs, whereas the absence of extracellular Ca++ or the presence of Ca++ channel blockers partially inhibited cytotoxicity. CD4(+) CTLs induced apoptosis of target cell nuclei and membrane damage simultaneously. The CD4(+) clones synthesized perforin and granzyme B and expressed the granule-associated protein TIA-1. Our studies indicate that two distinct mechanisms may contribute to cytolysis by CD4(+) clones: (1) a Ca++-dependent mechanism associated with the cytotoxic granules and (2) a Ca++-insensitive mechanism. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. US FDA,CTR BIOL,BETHESDA,MD. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26934] NR 57 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0198-8859(95)00151-4 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA TX594 UT WOS:A1996TX59400010 PM 8655363 ER PT B AU Alpert, S AF Alpert, S BE Alexander, NJ Wentz, AC TI What is a drug, a device, a biological? SO IDEA TO PRODUCT: THE PROCESS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Idea to Product - The Process CY NOV 17-20, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Serono Symp USA Inc, NICHHD, Amer Soc Reproduct Med RP Alpert, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94742-6 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1996 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG72Z UT WOS:A1996BG72Z00012 ER PT B AU Rarick, LD AF Rarick, LD BE Alexander, NJ Wentz, AC TI Understanding the organization and function of the FDA SO IDEA TO PRODUCT: THE PROCESS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Idea to Product - The Process CY NOV 17-20, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Serono Symp USA Inc, NICHHD, Amer Soc Reproduct Med RP Rarick, LD (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94742-6 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1996 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG72Z UT WOS:A1996BG72Z00013 ER PT B AU Yin, LL AF Yin, LL BE Alexander, NJ Wentz, AC TI What is a 510(k) and a PMA? SO IDEA TO PRODUCT: THE PROCESS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Idea to Product - The Process CY NOV 17-20, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Serono Symp USA Inc, NICHHD, Amer Soc Reproduct Med RP Yin, LL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,CTR RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94742-6 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1996 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG72Z UT WOS:A1996BG72Z00015 ER PT B AU Jordan, AW AF Jordan, AW BE Alexander, NJ Wentz, AC TI FDA recommendations for drug safety testing SO IDEA TO PRODUCT: THE PROCESS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Idea to Product - The Process CY NOV 17-20, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Serono Symp USA Inc, NICHHD, Amer Soc Reproduct Med RP Jordan, AW (reprint author), US FDA,DIV METAB & ENDOCRINE DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94742-6 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1996 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG72Z UT WOS:A1996BG72Z00018 ER PT B AU Schwetz, BA Mattison, DR AF Schwetz, BA Mattison, DR BE Alexander, NJ Wentz, AC TI Decision strategies in assessment of reproductive and developmental toxicology: A paradigm for safety evaluation SO IDEA TO PRODUCT: THE PROCESS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Idea to Product - The Process CY NOV 17-20, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Serono Symp USA Inc, NICHHD, Amer Soc Reproduct Med RP Schwetz, BA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94742-6 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1996 BP 119 EP 131 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG72Z UT WOS:A1996BG72Z00019 ER PT B AU Rarick, LD AF Rarick, LD BE Alexander, NJ Wentz, AC TI What is involved in a new drug application? SO IDEA TO PRODUCT: THE PROCESS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Idea to Product - The Process CY NOV 17-20, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Serono Symp USA Inc, NICHHD, Amer Soc Reproduct Med RP Rarick, LD (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94742-6 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1996 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG72Z UT WOS:A1996BG72Z00020 ER PT S AU Bolger, M Carrington, C AF Bolger, M Carrington, C BE Chetty, PRK Jackson, WD TI Methylmercury hazards and risks - What is the question? SO IECEC 96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 31ST INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC 96) CY AUG 11-16, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE, Aerosp Electr Syst Soc, Natl Capital Area Council C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1089-3547 BN 0-7803-3547-3 J9 PROC IECEC PY 1996 BP 2330 EP 2334 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG49K UT WOS:A1996BG49K00413 ER PT J AU Herrmann, DS AF Herrmann, DS TI A methodology for evaluating, comparing, and selecting software safety and reliability standards SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Compass Assurance (COMPASS 95) CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Natl Capital Area Council, Brit Comp Soc, COMPASS RP Herrmann, DS (reprint author), US FDA,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1109/62.484144 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA TQ133 UT WOS:A1996TQ13300003 ER PT J AU Waynant, RW AF Waynant, RW TI IC lithography - Then and now SO IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Waynant, RW (reprint author), US FDA,1901 CHAPMAN AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUIT DEVIC JI IEEE Circuit Devices Mag. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA TQ529 UT WOS:A1996TQ52900001 ER PT J AU Waynant, RW AF Waynant, RW TI Optica SO IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE LA English DT Software Review RP Waynant, RW (reprint author), US FDA,1901 CHAPMAN AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUIT DEVIC JI IEEE Circuit Devices Mag. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 34 EP 35 DI 10.1109/MCD.1996.481211 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA TQ529 UT WOS:A1996TQ52900013 ER PT S AU Trucksess, MW Abouzied, MM AF Trucksess, MW Abouzied, MM BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Evaluation and application of immunochemical methods for fumonisin B-1 in corn SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS AB Two immunochemical methods were evaluated and compared with a strong anion exchange (SAX) method for the determination of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) in corn. The two methods were the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the monoclonal antibody-affinity column (IAC) method. The ELISA test is a direct competitive microtiter-well assay in which a strip reader, which measures the color of an enzymatic reaction, is combined with a log/logit data transformation program and linear regression calibration to determine FB1 concentration. FB1 in test samples from IAC or SAX isolation is derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and the derivative is separated from other impurities by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then quantitated by fluorescence detection. Recoveries of FB1 from corn spiked over the range of 1-4 mu g/g were 73-106, 79-83, and 64-92% for the ELISA, IAC, and SAX methods, respectively. Results of analysis of the same extract from naturally contaminated corn by the three methods were similar. HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry was used to positively identify the FB1 isolated with the microtiter wells from an extract of a naturally contaminated corn. C1 NEOGEN CORP,LANSING,MI 48912. RP Trucksess, MW (reprint author), US FDA,DIV NAT PROD,200 C ST SW,HFS-346,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 358 EP 367 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00028 ER PT S AU Felix, K Janz, S Pitha, J Williams, JA Mushinski, EB Bornkamm, GW Potter, M AF Felix, K Janz, S Pitha, J Williams, JA Mushinski, EB Bornkamm, GW Potter, M BE Potter, M Rose, NR TI Cytotoxicity and membrane damage in vitro by inclusion complexes between gamma-cyclodextrin and siloxanes SO IMMUNOLOGY OF SILICONES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Immunology of Silicones CY MAR 13-14, 1995 CL NIH, NATCHER CONF CTR, BETHESDA, MD HO NIH, NATCHER CONF CTR AB Inclusion complexes of gamma-cyclodextrin and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethyltetrasiloxane (M10TS), and 1,3,5,7-tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetra-siloxane (TMTV-D4) were prepared to compare the cytotoxic effects of siloxanes in vitro. In these preparations, the hydrophobic siloxanes are surrounded by a hydrophilic shell of eight circularly linked D-glucose molecules (gamma-cyclodextrin), and upon contact with plasma membranes the siloxane molecule can intercalate into the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. XRPC24, 2-11 plasmacytoma, CH12.LX lymphoma and P388D1 macrophage-like cells were used as indicator cells in toxicity assays. Using an MTT tetrazolium reduction to formazan test, a colorimetric method to determine the number of viable cells, the 50% minimal lethal doses (CD50) for the siloxane compounds were found to range from 30 to 50 mu M. Sublethal doses (e.g., 15 mu M and lower) resulted in the loss oi lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione (GSH) from the cytosolic compartment of the target cells and thus indicated cytotoxicity. Treatment of macrophages with siloxanes resulted in a higher production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) than was exhibited by untreated macrophages. The B9 cell bioassay of these treated cells showed as much as a 10 fold higher production (500 U/ml) of TL-h than did the untreated cells. The degree of increase was dependent on the compound and concentration used. The results of this study show that low molecular weight siloxanes produce lethal effects on B-lymphocyte derived target cells in vitro and permeabilize the plasma membranes at lower sublethal concentrations. C1 NCI,GENET LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIA,MACROMOL CHEM SECT,NIH,BALTIMORE,MD. NIH,IMMUNOL LAB,FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Felix, K (reprint author), GSF MUNICH,INST KLIN MOL BIOL & TUMORGENET,HAMATOLOGIKUM,MUNICH,GERMANY. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X BN 3-540-60272-0 J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1996 VL 210 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BF83W UT WOS:A1996BF83W00010 PM 8565593 ER PT S AU OHanlon, TP Okada, S Love, LA Dick, G Young, VL Miller, FW AF OHanlon, TP Okada, S Love, LA Dick, G Young, VL Miller, FW BE Potter, M Rose, NR TI Immunohistopathology and T cell receptor gene expression in capsules surrounding silicone breast implants SO IMMUNOLOGY OF SILICONES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Immunology of Silicones CY MAR 13-14, 1995 CL NIH, NATCHER CONF CTR, BETHESDA, MD HO NIH, NATCHER CONF CTR ID MUSCLE-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES; GEL; DISEASE C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,CLIN RES & REVIEW STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV PLAST SURG,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. RP OHanlon, TP (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,MOL IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X BN 3-540-60272-0 J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1996 VL 210 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BF83W UT WOS:A1996BF83W00023 PM 8565561 ER PT S AU Angiolillo, AL Sgadari, C Tosato, G AF Angiolillo, AL Sgadari, C Tosato, G BE Lotze, MT Trinchieri, G Gately, M Wolf, S TI A role for the interferon-inducible protein 10 in inhibition of angiogenesis by interleukin-12 SO INERLEUKIN 12: CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY CYTOKINE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interleukin-12 - Cellular and Molecular Immunology of an Important Regulatory Cytokine CY NOV 09-12, 1995 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP New York Acad Sci, Genet Inst Inc, Hoffmann La Roche Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharm Inc, Bristol Myers Squibb Pharm Res Inst, Lab Line Instruments Inc, Merck & Co Inc, NCI, Pfizer Inc, Upjohn Co, SmithKline Beecham Pharm, Wyeth Ayerst Res ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; BURKITTS-LYMPHOMA; GAMMA-INTERFERON; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VIVO; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; TUMOR-GROWTH; NUDE-MICE; B-CELLS; CHEMOKINE C1 Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Hematol Prod, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Tosato, G (reprint author), Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Hematol Prod, Bldg 29A,Room 2D16,HFM 535,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Sgadari, Cecilia/H-4302-2016 OI Sgadari, Cecilia/0000-0003-0364-4912 NR 32 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-018-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 795 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52664.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK04A UT WOS:000070968300016 PM 8958926 ER PT J AU Schwan, WR Kugler, S Schuller, S Kopecko, DJ Goebel, W AF Schwan, WR Kugler, S Schuller, S Kopecko, DJ Goebel, W TI Detection and characterization by differential PCR of host eukaryotic cell genes differentially transcribed following uptake of intracellular bacteria SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MESSENGER-RNA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PROTEIN; EXTRACTION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Host eukaryotic cell genes that are differentially transcribed after phagocytosis of various pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial cells were identified by a differential PCR (DPCR) system, This DPCR procedure favors detection and isolation of host genes affected at the transcriptional level by selecting for poly(A) tails but differs substantially from reverse transcription-PCR, Several unidentified macrophage gene fragments from genes that were either transcriptionally activated or downregulated following uptake of Listeria monocytogenes into J774 mouse macrophage cells were initially defined by this DPCR procedure, Because of the sensitivity of the DPCR technique, all of the genes exhibited less than a 10-fold difference in transcription compared with noninfected cells as measured by limiting-dilution PCR, One of the gene fragments has a very high level of homology with a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1), whereas the other affected fragments showed no homologies to known gene sequences, In addition, one of the gene fragments (WS30-B2/1) was specifically downregulated after L. monocytogenes uptake and another gene was repressed by uptake of either Shigella flexneri or L. monocytogenes, while transcription of the genes represented by fragment WS13-B9/9, and to some extent MKP-1, was activated following general phagocytosis (i.e., following uptake of any species of bacterium tested). Further characterization of the affected genes was conducted by using mutants of L. monocytogenes. A hemolysin-negative mutant of L. monocytogenes failed to elicit transcriptional regulation of gene fragment WS10-B4/14 or WS30-B2/1, and it elicited only minimal regulation of MKP-1, suggesting that escape from the phagosome may be required to initiate these responses, Furthermore, mutants with mutations in mpl and actA, two genes whose gene products are involved in actin polymerization and intrahost spread, also did not induce regulation of WS10-B4/14. These results demonstrate that (i) DPCR can identify specific host cell genes which are differentially transcribed after infection with certain microorganisms and (ii) some of these genes may be new or may never before have been linked to interactions between hosts and pathogens. C1 UNIV WURZBURG,LEHRSTUHL MIKROBIOL,THEODOR BOVERI INST BIOWISSENSCH,D-97074 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RP Schwan, WR (reprint author), FDA,CBER,HFM440,LAB ENTER & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,NIH CAMPUS,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Schuller, Stephanie/C-1063-2013 OI Schuller, Stephanie/0000-0003-3260-9112 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 64 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TM718 UT WOS:A1996TM71800014 PM 8557379 ER PT J AU Huang, F Hermann, E Wang, J Cheng, XK Tsai, WC Wen, J Kuipers, JG Kellner, H Ackermann, B Roth, G Williams, KM Yu, DTY Raybourne, RB AF Huang, F Hermann, E Wang, J Cheng, XK Tsai, WC Wen, J Kuipers, JG Kellner, H Ackermann, B Roth, G Williams, KM Yu, DTY Raybourne, RB TI A patient-derived cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone and two peptide-dependent monoclonal antibodies recognize HLA-B27-peptide complexes with low stringency for peptide sequences SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MHC CLASS-I; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; VIRAL PEPTIDES; HLA-B27; PROTEIN; EPITOPES; BINDING; ANTIGEN; CELLS AB HLA-B27 molecules expressed on the T2 mutant cell line do not have peptides, Such empty HLA-B27 molecules were not recognized by an HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clone (auto-1) derived from synovial fluid. To test for peptide dependency of the clone, B27-T2 cells were incubated with a panel of 48 synthetic peptide nonamers in which P2 was arginine, Target cell lysis was induced by seven completely different peptides, This lack of stringency was compared with that of a peptide-dependent monoclonal antibody B27.M2. Positive B27.M2 reactivity resulted when the B27-T2 cells were incubated with two peptides: RRKAMFEDI and RRMGPPVGHR, derived from Chlamydia HSP60 and human ribonucleoprotein, respectively, Because of the limited availability of CTL versus monoclonal antibody, the specificity of B27.M2 was studied in greater detail, The importance of the HLA-B27 heavy chain in antibody recognition of class I-peptide complexes was demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. The stringency of the peptide residues was tested by making analogs of each of the nine residues in RRKAMFEDI, creating a panel of 180 analogs. Although stringency was highest for the sixth position, as many as six different amino acids provided positive reactivity. These results indicate that immune recognition of HLA-B27-peptide complexes might have rather low stringency for the peptide sequences. In theory, then, pathogen-derived peptides which induce autoimmunity by generating autoreactive CTL might not share much sequence similarity with the responsible self peptides. C1 US FDA,IMMUNOBIOL BRANCH HFS 326,LAUREL,MD 20708. UNIV MAINZ,MED & OUTPATIENT CLIN,MAINZ,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RI Tsai, Wen-Chan/C-7348-2009 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 64 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TM718 UT WOS:A1996TM71800018 PM 8557329 ER PT J AU Pennington, JAT Schoen, SA AF Pennington, JAT Schoen, SA TI Contributions of food groups to estimated intakes of nutritional elements: Results from the FDA total diet studies, 1982-1991 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The contributions of 12 food groups to the estimated dietary intakes of 11 nutritional elements in the diets of eight age-sex groups was determined from analyses of 234 core foods in the U.S. food supply and consumption data from national food consumption surveys. The major contributors of each element were grain products for sodium, iron, manganese and iodine; vegetables for potassium; milk and cheese for calcium; milk and cheese and animal flesh for phosphorus; vegetables and grain products for magnesium; and animal flesh for zinc, copper; and selenium. For the infant diet the milk and cheese group (which includes infant formula) was the major contributor to the estimated intakes of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and iodine. Grain products were the primary sources for iron, manganese, and selenium in the infant diet. The diet of 2-year-olds, which includes a considerable amount of milk, contains larger percentages of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and iodine from milk and cheese than do the diets of older age-sex groups. For teenagers, milk and cheese make a greater contribution to potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and iodine intakes than they do for the adult age-sex groups. RP Pennington, JAT (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFS-165,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 4 BP 342 EP 349 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VY639 UT WOS:A1996VY63900007 PM 8979163 ER PT J AU Pennington, JAT Schoen, SA AF Pennington, JAT Schoen, SA TI Total diet study: Estimated dietary intakes of nutritional elements, 1982-1991 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MINERALS; REVISION; FOODS AB Dietary intakes of 11 nutritional elements for eight age-sex groups were estimated for the rime period 1982 to 1991 on the basis of results from laboratory analyses of 234 core foods of the U.S. food supply and food consumption data from two national food conssumption surveys conducted in the late 1970s. Estimated intakes based on the mean and median (50th percentile) levels of the elements in the foods were similar; except for iodine for which intake estimates based on mean values exceeded those based on median values. The high concentration of iodine in some foods resulted in higher mean (than median) values. Estimated intakes of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, selenium, and iodine met or nearly met dietary intake standards set by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Estimated intakes of copper were below NAS standards for all eight age-sex groups. Estimated intakes were below NAS standards for magnesium for six age-sex groups, calcium and zinc for five age-sex groups, iron for three age sex groups, and manganese for one age-sex group. The diets of teenage girls had ser en elements below NAS standards, the diets of adult women had five elements below NAS standards, and the diets of 2-year-olds and older men and women had four elements each below NAS standards. The estimated intake of sodium for 6-11-month-old infants showed a decreasing trend from 729 mg/day in 1982/83 to 632 mg/day in 1990/91. There were no other significant trends or changes in estimated element intakes over the 9-year period. (C) 1996 Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. RP Pennington, JAT (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFS-165,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 4 BP 350 EP 362 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VY639 UT WOS:A1996VY63900008 PM 8979164 ER PT J AU Satchithanandam, S Chanderbhan, R Kharroubi, AT Calvert, RJ Klurfeld, D Tepper, SA Kritchevsky, D AF Satchithanandam, S Chanderbhan, R Kharroubi, AT Calvert, RJ Klurfeld, D Tepper, SA Kritchevsky, D TI Effect of sesame oil on serum and liver lipid profiles in the rat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Mid-Atlantic Lipid Research Symposium CY 1993 CL ATLANTIC CITY, NJ ID VITAMIN-E ACTIVITY; LYMPHATIC ABSORPTION; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; COCONUT OIL; CHOLESTEROL; ACIDS AB In our previous study (Satchithanandam, S., Reicks, M., Calvert, R.J., Cassidy, M.M. and Kritchevsky, D. (1993) J. Nutr. 123, 1852-1858), we found that the absorption of lymphatic cholesterol by rats fed diets containing 24% sesame oil was about 50% less than that by rats fed the control diet containing no sesame oil. The effect of sesame oil on serum cholesterol levels was not determined at that time. In the present study, three groups of male Wistar rats (75-100 g) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 12 or 24% sesame oil. To increase serum cholesterol levels, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid were added to each diet. After rats were fed for 4 weeks, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured in the serum. Liver weight and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. Liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in rats fed the 24% sesame oil diet, and the liver lipid level was significantly higher in the 24% sesame oil-fed group, compared with levels in the group fed the control diet. Liver weights and esterified cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels were not significantly different among the groups. Levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in rats fed the 24% sesame oil diet, compared with levels in the control group. Serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels did not differ significantly among the groups. The mechanism by which a diet containing 24% sesame oil reduces levels of serum and liver cholesterol, liver LDL cholesterol, and liver lipids is not known. However, the high degree of unsaturation (85%) of sesame oil and the presence of linoleic acid may be important factors. C1 US FDA,CLIN RES & REV STAFF,LAUREL,MD 20708. USDA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202. WISTAR INST ANAT & BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Satchithanandam, S (reprint author), US FDA,DIV SCI & APPL TECHNOL,MOD-1,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,HFS-465,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 4 BP 386 EP 392 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VY639 UT WOS:A1996VY63900012 PM 8979168 ER PT J AU Hinton, DM Jessop, JJ Arnold, A Albert, RH Hines, FA AF Hinton, DM Jessop, JJ Arnold, A Albert, RH Hines, FA TI Evaluation of immunotoxicity in a subchronic feeding study of triphenyl phosphate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE IMMUNOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; immunoperoxidase; immunotoxicity; triphenyl phosphate AB Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a potential food contaminant, was fed to weanling Spartan Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% for 120 days. The immunotoxicity evaluation, planned as a minimum testing model in a subchronic study design as well as to provide information on TPP, was performed along with the routine testing of a separate group of animals. Traditional measures were made of growth and food consumption, total protein analysis, electrophoretic analyses of serum proteins, lymphoid organ weights in relation to growth, and histopathology, with expanded immunohistochemical evaluation of B- and T-lymphocyte regions in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, using immunoperoxidase staining. Assessment was made of the humoral response to a T-lymphocyte-dependent antigen, Sheep red blood cells, and was begun at midterm of the feeding period for the primary response followed by secondary and teritary booster immunizations at 3-week intervals. The kinetics of the responses were measured by hemolysin assay of relative antibody titers at days 3, 4, 5, and 6 postinjection. No significant effects on the responses were noted for either sex at any of the dose levels tested. The only effects noted were a decreased rate of growth at high levels of TPP and increases in the levels of alpha- and beta-globulins suggestive of increased hepatic activity. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV TOXICOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1054-044X J9 INT J OCCUP MED I T JI Int. J. Occup. Med. Immunol. Toxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 43 EP 60 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA UL246 UT WOS:A1996UL24600006 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE AF Wang, RF Cao, WW Cerniglia, CE TI Phylogenetic analysis of Fusobacterium prausnitzii based upon the 16S rRNA gene sequence and PCR confirmation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA AB In order to develop a PCR method to detect Fusobacterium prausnitzii in human feces and to clarify the phylogenetic position of this species, its 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined. The sequence described in this paper is different from the 16S rRNA gene sequence of F. prausnitzii in the GenBank database (accession number M58682). A PCR assay based on the new sequence is specific for F. prausnitzii, and the results of this assay confirmed that F. prausnitzii is the most common species in human feces, However, a PCR assay based on the original GenBank sequence was negative when it was performed with two strains of F. prausnitzii obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. A phylogenetic tree based on the new 16S rRNA gene sequence was constructed, On this tree F. prausnitzii was not a member of the Fusobacterium group but was closer to some Eubacterium spp, and located between Clostridium ''clusters III and IV'' (M. D. Collins, P. A. Lawson, A. Willems, J. J. Cordoba, J. Fernandez-Grayzabal, P. Garcia, J. Cai, H. Hippe, and J. A. E. Farrow, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994). C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 341 EP 343 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TP738 UT WOS:A1996TP73800051 PM 8573517 ER PT B AU Rosenstein, M AF Rosenstein, M GP AUSTRIAN ASSOC RADIAT PROTECT TI Practical approaches to dosimetry for the patient and staff for fluoroscopic procedures SO IRPA9 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RADIATION PROTECTION / NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Congress on Radiation Protection / 9th International Congress of the International-Radiation-Protection-Association (IRPA9) CY APR 14-19, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Assoc Radiat Protect, Int Radiat Protect Assoc RP Rosenstein, M (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT RADIATION PROTECTION ASSOC PI MONTREAL PA 2155 RUE GUY, BUREAU 820, MONTREAL PQ H3H 2R9, CANADA BN 3-9500255-4-5 PY 1996 BP A219 EP A226 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH13P UT WOS:A1996BH13P00024 ER PT J AU Goldman, AI Carlin, BP Crane, LR Launer, C Korvick, JA Deyton, L Abrams, DI AF Goldman, AI Carlin, BP Crane, LR Launer, C Korvick, JA Deyton, L Abrams, DI TI Response of CD4 lymphocytes and clinical consequences of treatment using ddI or ddC in patients with advanced HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surrogate marker; didanosine; zalcitabine; ZDV failure; ZDV intolerance ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE; PROGRESSION; THERAPY; MODELS AB The value of CD4 lymphocyte counts as a surrogate marker in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection during antiretroviral treatment was assessed using longitudinal models and data from the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS didanosine/zalcitabine trial of 467 HIV-infected patients. Patients with AIDS or two CD4 counts of less than or equal to 300 who fulfilled specific criteria for zidovudine intolerance or failure were randomized to receive either 500 mg didanosine (ddI) daily or 2.25 mg zalcitabine (ddC) per day. Absolute CD4 counts were recorded at study entry and at as many as four visits. Patients were followed for clinical disease progression and survival. At 2 months, the difference in mean CD4 count from baseline was + 15.4 cells/mm(3) in the ddI group but - 1.3 cells/mm(3) in the ddC group. Patients assigned to ddI had a greater chance of a CD4 response at 2 months than those on ddC, yet only those in the ddC group with a response showed significant improvement in progression of disease or survival compared with ddC nonresponders, ddI responders, and ddI nonresponders (p = 0.03). We conclude that a CD4 response does not necessarily correlate with improved outcome and is therefore not a useful surrogate marker in these patients. C1 US FDA,ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT MED CTR,HIV AIDS PROGRAM,DETROIT,MI. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO COMMUN CONSORTIUM AIDS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP Goldman, AI (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,BOX 303,MAYO MEM BLDG,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI05073, 1-R29-AI33466] NR 19 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TR348 UT WOS:A1996TR34800007 PM 8556398 ER PT J AU Heredia, A Vallejo, A Hewlett, IK Soriano, V Bravo, R Mas, A Castro, A Pedreira, J SanchezViera, M AF Heredia, A Vallejo, A Hewlett, IK Soriano, V Bravo, R Mas, A Castro, A Pedreira, J SanchezViera, M TI Detection of herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) sequences in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in Spain SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AIDS; INFECTION C1 INST SALUD CARLOS 3,INFECT DIS SERV,MADRID,SPAIN. HOSP JUAN CANALEGO,SERV INTERNAL MED,LA CORUNA,SPAIN. HOSP GREGORIO MARANON,DERMATOL SERV,MADRID,SPAIN. RP Heredia, A (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,MOLEC VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. RI Vallejo, Alejandro/I-5881-2015 OI Vallejo, Alejandro/0000-0001-5360-878X NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 3 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TZ110 UT WOS:A1996TZ11000015 PM 8603270 ER PT J AU Andrews, WH AF Andrews, WH TI Evolution of methods for the detection of Salmonella in foods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID INFECTED HENS; RECOVERY; EGGS; OUTBREAK; MOTILE RP Andrews, WH (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500001 PM 8620109 ER PT J AU Carson, MC Breslyn, W AF Carson, MC Breslyn, W TI Simultaneous determination of multiple tetracycline residues in milk by metal chelate affinity chromatography: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TISSUES; BLOOD AB To meet federal and state regulatory needs, a liquid chromatographic (LC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for determination of 7 tetracyclines at 30 ng/mL in milk. Raw milk samples are defatted, acidified, and centrifuged to remove proteins, and tetracyclines are specifically absorbed from the milk by chelation with metal ions bound to small Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow columns. Tetracyclines are removed from these columns with EDTA-containing buffer, and extracts are further cleaned by ultrafiltration. Finally, extracts are concentrated and analyzed simultaneously by using on-line concentration. This method was validated in a collaborative study that involved 11 laboratories, including the authors' laboratory. Each laboratory was asked to prepare and analyze known control and fortified milk samples, as well as 18 coded blind samples. Eight laboratories completed all analyses. Average interlaboratory recoveries for the known fortified samples ranged from 59% (methacycline at 15 ng/mL) to 78% (oxytetracycline at 60 ng/mL). Average recovery for each of 7 residues at 30 ng/mL were between 60 and 110%, meeting single-residue guidelines for accuracy set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) for the known fortified samples varied from 11 to 39%, with 6 of 7 residues at the 30 ng/mL level having RSD(R) values at or below 20%. Seven of 8 laboratories correctly identified blind control milk samples and all 28 residues present in blind samples. The metal chelate affinity-LC method for determination of multiple tetracycline residues in milk has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. RP Carson, MC (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,DIV RESIDUE CHEM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500004 PM 8620108 ER PT J AU Pennington, JAT Capar, SG Parfitt, CH Edwards, CW AF Pennington, JAT Capar, SG Parfitt, CH Edwards, CW TI History of the food and drug administration's total diet study .2. 1987-1993 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY DETECTORS; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; TOTAL FOLATE; EXTRACTION; IODINE AB The Total Diet Studies conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provide yearly information on levels of pesticide residues, contaminants, and nutrients in the food supply and diets of specific age-sex groups. They also identify trends and changes in the levels of these substances in the food supply and in diets over time. Results are useful in making policy decisions regarding the safety of the food supply, food additives, pesticide use, nutrient fortification, and food labeling. This paper provides information on studies performed by FDA from 1987 to 1993. C1 US FDA,KANSAS CITY DIST LAB,LENEXA,KS 66214. RP Pennington, JAT (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 77 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500019 PM 8620105 ER PT J AU Daft, JL Cline, JK Palmer, RE Sisk, RL Griffitt, KR AF Daft, JL Cline, JK Palmer, RE Sisk, RL Griffitt, KR TI Estimated content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in ready-to-eat foods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERMEATION AB Content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in 340 samples of ready-to-eat foods were determined gravimetrically, Volatile liquids were determined by drying samples in a microwave oven with a self-contained balance; results were printed out automatically. Fat extractables were extracted from the samples with mixed ethers; extracts were dried and weighed manually, The samples, 191 nonfat and 149 fatty (containing ca 2% or more fat) foods, represent about 5000 different food items and include infant and toddler, ethnic, fast, and imported items, Samples were initially prepared for screening of essential and toxic elements and chemical contamination by chopping and mixing into homogenous composites. Content determinations were then made on separate portions from each composite. Content results were put into a database for evaluation. Overall, mean results from both determinations agree with published data for moisture and fat contents of similar food items. Coefficients of variation, however, were lower for determination of volatile liquids than for that of fat extractables. RP Daft, JL (reprint author), US FDA, KANSAS CITY DIST OFF, POB 15905, LENEXA, KS 66285 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 175 EP 186 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500021 PM 8620107 ER PT J AU Ng, LL AF Ng, LL TI Drugs IV SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Ng, LL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500027 ER PT J AU Warner, CR AF Warner, CR TI Food additives SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Warner, CR (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500031 ER PT J AU Thompson, RD AF Thompson, RD TI Nonalcoholic beverages SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Thompson, RD (reprint author), US FDA,240 HENNEPIN AVE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55401, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500033 ER PT J AU Trucksess, MW AF Trucksess, MW TI Mycotoxins SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FUMONISIN; CITRININ; STRAINS; ERGOT RP Trucksess, MW (reprint author), US FDA,DIV NAT PROD,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 114 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 200 EP 205 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500035 ER PT J AU Betz, JM AF Betz, JM TI Plant toxins SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Betz, JM (reprint author), US FDA,DIV NAT PROD,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500036 ER PT J AU Prosky, L AF Prosky, L TI Dietary fiber SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Prosky, L (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF SPECIAL NUTR,DIV PROGRAMS & ENFORCEMENT POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500038 ER PT J AU Firestone, D AF Firestone, D TI Fats and oils SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VIRGIN OLIVE OIL; HYDROLYZABLE PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS RP Firestone, D (reprint author), US FDA,DIV PESTICIDES & IND CHEM,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 216 EP 220 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500039 ER PT J AU Deutsch, MJ AF Deutsch, MJ TI Vitamins and other nutrients SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Deutsch, MJ (reprint author), US FDA,OFF FOOD LABELING,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 223 EP 223 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500042 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, TR AF Mulvaney, TR TI Processed vegetable products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Mulvaney, TR (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 232 EP 232 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500047 ER PT J AU Parfitt, CH AF Parfitt, CH TI Multiresidue methods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Parfitt, CH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV PESTICIDES & IND CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 242 EP 244 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500050 ER PT J AU McMahon, B AF McMahon, B TI Organohalogen residues and fumigants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP McMahon, B (reprint author), US FDA,DIV PESTICIDES & IND CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 244 EP 246 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500051 ER PT J AU Baratta, EJ AF Baratta, EJ TI Radioactivity SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Baratta, EJ (reprint author), US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,WINCHESTER,MA 01890, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500053 ER PT J AU Cichowicz, SM AF Cichowicz, SM TI Analytical mycology and microscopy SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Cichowicz, SM (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 248 EP 248 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500054 ER PT J AU Hitchins, AD AF Hitchins, AD TI Cosmetic microbiology SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Hitchins, AD (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,HFS-516,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 248 EP 249 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500055 ER PT J AU Singleton, ER AF Singleton, ER TI Disinfectants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Singleton, ER (reprint author), US FDA,DFC,BLDG 20,POB 25087,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 249 EP 250 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500056 ER PT J AU Placencia, AM AF Placencia, AM TI Drug- and device-related microbiology SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Placencia, AM (reprint author), US FDA,240 HENNEPIN AVE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 250 EP 251 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500057 ER PT J AU Ziobro, GC AF Ziobro, GC TI Filth and extraneous materials in foods and drugs SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Ziobro, GC (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROANALYT EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 252 EP 253 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500059 ER PT J AU Andrews, WH AF Andrews, WH TI Food microbiology - Nondairy SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT MEDIUM; VASSILIADIS RP Andrews, WH (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 254 EP 261 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500061 ER PT J AU Wysowski, DK Baum, C Ferguson, WJ Lundin, F Ng, MJ Hammerstrom, T AF Wysowski, DK Baum, C Ferguson, WJ Lundin, F Ng, MJ Hammerstrom, T TI Sedative-hypnotic drugs and the risk of hip fracture SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sedatives; hypnotics; triazolam; temazepam; hip fracture ID SMOKING; FALLS; WOMEN AB A retrospective cohort study was conducted in individuals 65 years of age and older using Medicaid-reimbursed claims to assess the risk of hip fracture in users of two sedative-hypnotic drugs, triazolam and temazepam. Using the triazolam cohort as the referent group, the rate ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.17) for hip fracture with temazepam, Stratifying by age, sex, race, residence, time enrolled in Medicaid, prescription number, combinations of these, and several other potential confounding variables did not materially change the results. Compared with the short acting benzodiazepine hypnotic temazepam, use of triazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic, did not decrease the risk of hip fracture. This study did not determine that either drug, compared with no use in an insomniac control group, increases the risk of hip fracture. However, because sedative-hypnotic drugs have been found in other studies to increase the risk of falling and hip fracture, they should be used with caution, especially in the elderly. RP Wysowski, DK (reprint author), US FDA,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HFD-733,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(95)00057-7 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TY557 UT WOS:A1996TY55700016 PM 8598503 ER PT J AU Murakami, EG Sweat, VE Sastry, SK Kolbe, E Hayakawa, K Datta, A AF Murakami, EG Sweat, VE Sastry, SK Kolbe, E Hayakawa, K Datta, A TI Recommended design parameters for thermal conductivity probes for nonfrozen food materials SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AB This paper analyzes the various design parameters of the thermal conductivity (k) probe and makes design recommendations for applications for nonfrozen food materials. The k probe is a simplified application of the line-heat source theory, but this simplification contributes to the instrument error which can be minimized by paying particular attention to the size of the k probes and materials of construction As the diameter of the k probe decreases, its accuracy increases; however small k probes are difficult to make. Therefore, it is recommended that users design their k probes using the highest acceptable error for their intended applications. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN & FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Murakami, EG (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER AVE,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. RI Datta, Ashim/K-2294-2012 OI Datta, Ashim/0000-0002-1397-6892 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0260-8774(94)00088-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA TM752 UT WOS:A1996TM75200001 ER PT J AU Fleischman, GJ AF Fleischman, GJ TI Predicting temperature range in food slabs undergoing long term low power microwave heating SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The contribution of standing wave patterns to nonuniform heating in homogeneous slabs was examined through the development of equations for various heating situations relating temperature distribution to thermal, geometric and dielectric properties. The equations were solutions to the differential heat equation, which incorporated a volumetric heat generation term based on a full solution to Maxwell's equations. This analysis was based on steady-state microwave heating resulting in either steady temperatures or temperature profiles and was thus applicable only to very long term heating and, where food is concerned, low power heating as well. This latter stipulation allowed the additional assumption of temperature-independent thermal and dielectric properties. Results were reported in the form of the minimum-to-maximum temperature range, indicating the degree of nonuniformity. parameter values for agar gel and cooked beef were used to illustrate the behavior of the equations. For both types of food it was found that the temperature range was a very sensitive sinusoidal function of slab width. Furthermore, for slab widths of 10 cm or less, it was found that insulation at the slab faces significantly reduced the temperature range. Future work will determine if this approach can be extended to short term/high power applications. RP Fleischman, GJ (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,6502 S ARCHER RD,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 4 BP 337 EP 351 DI 10.1016/0260-8774(95)00015-1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA TR580 UT WOS:A1996TR58000001 ER PT J AU Dallas, HL Thomas, DP Hitchins, AD AF Dallas, HL Thomas, DP Hitchins, AD TI Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria seeligeri, and Listeria innocua assayed with in vitro murine macrophagocytosis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Listeria spp; macrophagocytosis assay; virulence; tissue culture; microscopy ID CELL-LINES; INTERFERON; HEMOLYSIN; GROWTH AB The survival of virulent and avirulent Listeria species internalized in cells of a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7, was monitored. Mouse macrophage cells (ca. 5 X 10(5)/ml) suspended in fresh RPMI medium 1640 containing fetal bovine serum were mixed with 5 X 10(7) to 5 X 10(8) Listeria cells per ml and incubated 1 h at 37 degrees C with CO2-enriched air. Gentamicin (10 mu g/ml) was added to kill bacteria not internalized by the cells. At 2, 4, and 6 h postinfection, 10-mu l amounts of the suspensions were lysed in microtiter plate wells during serial decimal dilution in water. Triplicate dilutions (10 mu l each) were plated on trypticase soy agar, and colonies were counted after 48 h incubation at 35 degrees C. About 0.1 to 1% of the added hemolytic pathogen L. monocytogenes Scott A and the avirulent nonhemolytic L. innocua were internalized at 2 h. The number of internal L. monocytogenes cells increased significantly by 6 h, but L. innocua cells showed no significant change. A strain of the hemolytic species L. seeligeri behaved like the nonhemolytic L. innocua. This distinction between the intracellular behavior of pathogenic and nonpathogenic species, if a general phenomenon, may be useful as an in vitro virulence assessment parameter. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TT660 UT WOS:A1996TT66000004 ER PT J AU Lilly, T Solomon, HM Rhodehamel, EJ AF Lilly, T Solomon, HM Rhodehamel, EJ TI Incidence of Clostridium botulinum in vegetables packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE modified atmosphere packaging; vegetables; Clostridium botulinum ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUITS AB Because modified atmosphere-packaged (MAP) vegetables may provide an anaerobic environment conducive to Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production, the incidence of C. botulinum spores in commercially available, precut MAP vegetables was determined. One-pound (454-g) packages of MAP vegetables were aseptically opened, added to freshly steamed and cooled sterile trypticase-peptone-glucose-yeast extract broth and incubated at 35 degrees C for 7 days. Positive and negative controls were included with each sampling. After incubation the broth cultures were tested for toxicity by the standard mouse bioassay. Of the 1,118 MAP vegetable packages examined, one package each of shredded cabbage, chopped green pepper, and Italian salad mix contained C. botulinum type A spores. One additional salad mix (main ingredient, escarole) contained both C. botulinum type A and type B spores. Results indicated a low overall incidence rate (0.36%) of C. botulinum spores in commercially available precut MAP vegetables. C1 US FDA,DIV HACCP PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Lilly, T (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES HSF 516,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TT660 UT WOS:A1996TT66000012 ER PT J AU Fields, FO AF Fields, FO TI Use of bacteriocins in food: Regulatory considerations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trends in Food Microbiology, at the 1994 IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1994 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians DE bacteriocins; U.S. government regulations; food additives; GRAS ingredients; antimicrobials ID GENETICS AB The authority under which a given bacteriocin will be regulated for use in food will depend on the foods in which it is used and the purpose for which it is used. Use of (i) purified bacteriocins, (ii) cells producing bacteriocins, or (iii) genetic expression of bacteriocins in food-producing organisms to serve a preservative effect in processed foods are under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are regulated as food ingredients under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Under the FFDCA, those substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by qualified experts (either based on scientific principles or because they have been historically and safely present in food) are exempt from mandatory premarket approval. Substances used in processed food that are not GRAS are defined as ''food additives'' under the FFDCA and require premarket approval by the FDA. Bacteriocins used in meat products will require an additional suitability assessment by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Bacteriocins which are used on whole fruits or vegetables (or genetically expressed in whole fruits and vegetables and intended to act in the whole food) fall within the definition of ''pesticide'' found in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and are therefore regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Bacteriocins which are genetically expressed in food-producing domestic animals may be regulated as animal drugs if they are intended for use in preventing disease in animals. RP Fields, FO (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV PROD POLICY,NOVEL INGREDIENTS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PY 1996 SU S BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UB894 UT WOS:A1996UB89400012 PM 28384020 ER PT J AU Liu, F Ang, CYW Toledo, RT Huang, YW AF Liu, F Ang, CYW Toledo, RT Huang, YW TI Total process lethality as related to residual catalase activity in cooked chicken breast SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken meat; heating condition; process lethality; catalase ID HEAT-TREATMENT; TEMPERATURE; MEAT AB We investigated the effects of total process lethality on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, presumably due to catalase activity. Ground chicken breast meat was heated to various end-point temperatures (EPTs) in 10 heating treatments varying heating time and rate. Within each treatment, residual catalase activity was affected by the product EPT. However, samples heated to the same EPT under different treatments retained less enzymatic activity as heating time increased. Total process lethality was calculated to assess the severity of heating at each EPT under each hearing condition. Residual enzymatic activity was directly related to the total lethality. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DHHS,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Liu, F (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 61 IS 1 BP 213 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14762.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TZ119 UT WOS:A1996TZ11900051 ER PT J AU Herman, BA Porter, JM Carey, RF AF Herman, BA Porter, JM Carey, RF TI Study of an acoustic technique to detect cavitation produced by a tilting disc valve SO JOURNAL OF HEART VALVE DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Background and aim of the study:Transient cavitation has been directly observed near operating mechanical heart valve's in vitro and inferred in vivo via the observation of pitting on explanted clinically used valves. Visual detection of cavitation bubbles, however, cannot be accomplished in vivo or when any opaque fluid, e.g. blood, is used. Methods: This study examines a passive acoustic technique for detecting cavitation caused by a 27 mm tilting disc valve. We captured, valve closing sounds in vitro and attempted to detect a shift of energy into higher frequencies due to emission of broad-band noise caused by collapsing bubbles. The valve tester consists of a piston pump which directly drives the valve, a 16 Cm diameter cylindrical lucite atrium and an air chamber in parallel to provide compliance. Water was used as a blood analog fluid. The cycle rate was altered to vary valve loading and produce cavitation. Acoustic signals were detected by a miniature hydrophone and a large area transducer and the waveforms were spectrum analyzed to 200 kHz and 500 kHz respectively. Cavitation onset was determined rising a highspeed video camera. Results: It was found that even under non-cavitating conditions, significant energy was produced at frequencies greater than 100 kHz, and this energy increased with increased load. The proportion of energy in high frequency bands, however, remained fairly constant when cavitation was not present and began to rise only after the cavitation threshold was reached. To isolate cavitation as an independent variable, data were taken with all system parameters constant, but using water under two different conditions. Degassed 17 degrees C water produced no visualizable bubbles, while aerated tap water at 43 degrees C showed a high degree of cavitation. Conclusions: The results indicate that cavitation, while causing a shift of energy to higher frequencies, is not the only mechanism responsible for the shift of energy Into higher frequencies. RP Herman, BA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,12721 TWINBROOK PKWY,HFZ-132,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU I C R PUBLISHERS PI NORTHWOOD PA CRISPIN HOUSE, 12/A SOUTH APPROACH, MOOR PARK, NORTHWOOD, ENGLAND HA6 2ET SN 0966-8519 J9 J HEART VALVE DIS JI J. Heart Valve Dis. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VG384 UT WOS:A1996VG38400015 PM 8834731 ER PT J AU Shirai, M Chen, M Arichi, T Masaki, T Nishioka, M Newman, M Nakazawa, T Feinstone, SM Berzofsky, JA AF Shirai, M Chen, M Arichi, T Masaki, T Nishioka, M Newman, M Nakazawa, T Feinstone, SM Berzofsky, JA TI Use of intrinsic and extrinsic helper epitopes for in vivo induction of anti-hepatitis C virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with CTL epitope peptide vaccines SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; CHRONIC NON-A; MHC CLASS-II; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; CELL EPITOPES; HTLV-III; RESPONSES; HIV-1; MOLECULES AB The induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is an important part of vaccine strategy, CTL induction in vivo by two hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptides containing CTL epitopes, one from the NS5 region (P17) and one from the core (C7), was compared, P17 required covalent attachment of a helper peptide (PCLUS3 containing a cluster of epitopes from the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein), whereas C7 did not, However, the minimal decapeptide of C7, C7A10, alone did not induce CTL. The helper cells induced by PCLUS3-17 or by C7 were shown to be CD4(+) and to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2), Thus, help can be supplied by a natural helper epitope intrinsic to the CTL peptide, as in C7, or by attaching a helper epitope from another protein, as in the case of P17, The cluster peptides may be useful promiscuous helper peptides for a variety of CTL epitopes from diverse pathogens. C1 NCI,METAB BRANCH,MOLEC IMMUNOGENET & VACCINE RES SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,LAB HEPATITIS RES,BETHESDA,MD. YAMAGUCHI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,YAMAGUCHI,JAPAN. KAGAWA MED SCH,DEPT INTERNAL MED 3,KAGAWA,JAPAN. CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH CORP,WORCESTER,MA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 173 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA TM343 UT WOS:A1996TM34300005 PM 8537666 ER PT J AU Fredd, S AF Fredd, S TI Adjunctive antithrombotic therapy with stents, current status and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Fredd, S (reprint author), US FDA,DIV GASTROINTESTINAL & COAGULAT DURG PROD,DOCUMENT CONTROL ROOM 6B-24,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONSINC PI WAYNE PA 950 WEST VALLEY RD, STE 2800, WAYNE, PA 19087 SN 1042-3931 J9 J INVASIVE CARDIOL JI J. Invasive Cardiol. PY 1996 VL 8 SU E BP E10 EP E11 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VW304 UT WOS:A1996VW30400003 ER PT J AU Louie, AT Wahl, LM Hewett, IK Epstein, JS Dhawan, S AF Louie, AT Wahl, LM Hewett, IK Epstein, JS Dhawan, S TI HIV infection impairs the accessory function of monocytes: Possible involvement of HIV-induced cellular factors on the surface of HIV-infected monocytes. SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CBER,MOL VIROL LAB,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1996 SU S BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA VE906 UT WOS:A1996VE90600304 ER PT J AU Sciacchitano, CJ AF Sciacchitano, CJ TI Analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragments of clostridium botulinum type E neurotoxin gene by high performance capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS; E TOXIN; SEPARATION; NUCLEOTIDE; MASHIKE AB Detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin-producing strains is primarily accomplished using the mouse bioassay. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has proven to be a rapid, sensitive technique for amplifying target DNA sequences of pathogenic microorganisms. Four PCR-amplified gene fragments derived from the Clostridium botulinum Type E neurotoxin gene, ranging from 410-630 bp, were analyzed by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). Sample preparation of PCR fragments required membrane dialysis to remove salt ions. PCR fragments were analyzed by CGE using both linear and covalently crosslinked polymers. Conditions for low-viscosity entangled polymer solutions were optimized to achieve the desired separation efficiency. Assessment of both types of polymer systems included resolution, reproducibility, and sizing accuracy of the PCR fragments. Advantages and limitations of each polymer system are discussed. Electropherograms were compared to results obtained from the agarose slab gel method. CGE afforded more rapid analytical times, automation, higher resolution, and increased DNA sizing accuracy in comparison to the agarose slab gels. RP Sciacchitano, CJ (reprint author), US FDA,NEW YORK REG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY 11232, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 13 BP 2165 EP 2178 DI 10.1080/10826079608017149 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UT248 UT WOS:A1996UT24800010 ER PT J AU Nasr, MM Tschappler, TJ AF Nasr, MM Tschappler, TJ TI High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; REVERSED-PHASE; SERUM; POLY(STYRENE-DIVINYLBENZENE); SEPARATION; SUBSTANCES; COLUMN; PLASMA; ASSAY AB Liquid chromatographic analysis can provide a simpler and superior alternative to microbial assay of antibiotics. A number of liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of erythromycin have been published in the past 17 years. However, many of these methods are complex and lack the selectivity needed for the assay of erythromycin in the presence of erythromycin derivatives and impurities. We examined several C-18 based stationary phase columns and developed a significantly improved C-18 liquid chromatographic method for the assay of erythromycin. In comparison to a recently published polymer (poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)) stationary phase LC method, our method is simpler, more rugged, faster, and more sensitive. The developed method has been successfully used for the analysis of erythromycin in commercial bulk samples. The chromatographic assay results correlate with microbiological assay. RP Nasr, MM (reprint author), US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,1114 MKT ST,ST LOUIS,MO 63101, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 14 BP 2329 EP 2348 DI 10.1080/10826079608017160 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UX546 UT WOS:A1996UX54600009 ER PT J AU Ali, SF Hussain, S Slikker, W AF Ali, SF Hussain, S Slikker, W TI Role of metallothionein and other antioxidants in scavenging superoxide radicals and their possible role in neuroprotection SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROCHEM LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PY 1996 VL 66 SU 1 BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA TY002 UT WOS:A1996TY00200370 ER PT J AU Jiang, QH Gross, AJ AF Jiang, QH Gross, AJ TI Asymptotic evaluation of weighted nonparametric combination procedures SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE weighted nonparametric combination procedures; asymptotic optimality; sample size; power ID COMBINING INDEPENDENT TESTS AB The asymptotic optimality of four commonly used weighted nonparametric combination procedures is evaluated by applying Bahadur's asymptotic relative efficiency, which is a useful criterion in assessing asymptotic optimal properties of combination procedures. The procedures considered are Fisher's weighted procedure, the weighted logit procedure, the weighted inverse normal procedure and Lancaster's procedure. A Monte-Carlo power simulation is used to evaluate these procedures. The optimal properties of these weighted procedures are discussed according to Badahur's asymptotic relative efficiency and the results of power comparisons. It is shown that although Bahadur's efficiency is an asymptotic criterion to evaluate the procedures' optimality, the conventionally relative performances of these procedures for finite sample sizes present somewhat different features. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. RP Jiang, QH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOMETR 4,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 213 EP 237 DI 10.1080/00949659608811763 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA WA217 UT WOS:A1996WA21700005 ER PT J AU Spyker, D Love, LA Brooks, SM AF Spyker, D Love, LA Brooks, SM TI An outbreak of pulmonary poisoning - Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; HYPERTENSION C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,TAMPA,FL 33620. RP Spyker, D (reprint author), US FDA,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,HFZ-450,9200 CORP BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TU978 UT WOS:A1996TU97800004 PM 8632507 ER PT J AU Fung, MC Bowen, DL AF Fung, MC Bowen, DL TI Silver products for medical indications: Risk-benefit assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENERALIZED ARGYRIA; ARGYROSIS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB Background: Legitimate medicinal use of silver-containing products has dramatically diminished over the last several decades. Recently, however, some manufacturers have begun to enthusiastically promote oral colloidal silver proteins as mineral supplements and for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Indiscriminate use of silver products can lead to toxicity such as argyria. Objective: To assist health care professionals in a risk versus benefit assessment of over-the-counter silver-containing products, we herein examine the following issues: historical uses, chemistry, pharmacology, clinical toxicology, case reports of adverse events in the literature, and the recent promotion of over-the-counter silver products. Other sources of silver exposure (including environmental and dietary) and EPA exposure standards are discussed. A list of currently available silver products is provided for easy reference and screening. Conclusions: We emphasize the lack of established effectiveness and potential toxicity of these products. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 43 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 34 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TU978 UT WOS:A1996TU97800023 PM 8632503 ER PT J AU Bucci, TJ Howard, PC AF Bucci, TJ Howard, PC TI Effect of fumonisin mycotoxins in animals SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ochratoxin as an Environmental Risk Factor Causing Kidney Disease CY JAN 14-16, 1996 CL MANSOURA UNIV, UROL & NEPHROL CTR, MANSOURA, EGYPT SP Mansoura Univ, Urol & Nephrol Ctr HO MANSOURA UNIV, UROL & NEPHROL CTR ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; SPHINGOSINE RATIO; CULTURE MATERIAL; BROILER CHICKS; PROLIFERATUM; SPHINGANINE; TOXICITY; BIOMARKER; FEEDS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced worldwide by Fusarium fungi, principally F. moniliforme. While this fungus can be cultured from virtually all harvested corn, fumonisin production is highly variable. Fumonisin ingestion induces a number of fatal diseases in animals, with the organ specificity being species dependent. The first animal toxicoses to be characterized were leukoencephalomalacia (''moldy corn poisoning'') in equines and pulmonary edema in swine. Fumonisins additionally produce mild to fatal toxicity in liver, kidney and heart in horses, pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, rabbits, rats and mice. Prolonged administration of high doses of fumonisin B-1 causes carcinoma of hepatocytes and bile ducts in rats. In man, habitual ingestion of corn products that contain a high concentration of fumonisins is associated epidemiologically with cancer of the esophagus. The pathogenesis of injury to target organs is not understood completely. Affected kidneys and livers are characterized by individual cell death through apoptosis, with the degree of injury being related to dose and time of exposure. Fumonisins decrease sphingolipid synthesis through inhibition on sphinganine N-acetyltransferase (ceramide synthetase). This inhibition results in the accumulation of intracellular sphinganine and sphingosine. Excretion of sphinganine and sphingosine into the serum and urine of animals serves as a biomarker of fumonisin exposure. Inhibition of the ceramide synthase also results in decreased synthesis of complex sphingolipids and ceramide, a potent regulator of cell growth cell differentiation, mitogenesis and apoptosis. The most sensitive target organs presumably are less tolerant of sphingolipid dysregulation. Because fumonisins occur worldwide in livestock feed and human foods and are potent hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic compounds, investigators and clinicians are prudent to remain alert to possible fumonisin-related toxicity to these organs in both livestock and humans. RP Bucci, TJ (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL & PATHOL ASSOCIATES INT,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 293 EP 302 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA VJ282 UT WOS:A1996VJ28200008 ER PT J AU Wysowski, DK Fourcroy, JL AF Wysowski, DK Fourcroy, JL TI Flutamide hepatotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flutamide; hepatitis; toxicity; liver diseases; liver failure ID PROSTATE-CANCER; HEPATITIS; FAILURE; TRIAL; DRUGS AB Purpose: Observed and expected reporting rates were compared in patients who died or were hospitalized due to hepatotoxicity associated with the use of flutamide. Materials and Methods: Case series were submitted to the MedWatch Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration. Reporting rates for serious hepatotoxicity due to flutamide were calculated and compared to rates for hospitalized patients with acute idiopathic hepatitis in the medical literature. Results: After the marketing of flutamide in the United States, between February 1989 and December 1994 the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 20 patients who died and 26 who were hospitalized for hepatotoxicity due to flutamide. The rate of approximately 3 per 10,000 flutamide users exceeds by 10-fold or more the expected rate of hospitalizations for acute noninfectious liver injury of 2.5 per 100,000 men 65 years and older. Autopsies in 6 cases revealed marked to massive hepatic necrosis as the predominant feature. Conclusions: Flutamide is a potent hepatotoxin in certain patients. Serial blood aminotransferase levels should be monitored during the first few months of flutamide treatment. Before beginning use of this drug patients should be instructed to report immediately to physicians any episodes of nausea, vomiting, fatigue and jaundice so that flutamide can be promptly discontinued to avoid progression of possible liver injury. C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV METAB & ENDOCRINE DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Wysowski, DK (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 27 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 155 IS 1 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66596-0 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA TJ434 UT WOS:A1996TJ43400074 PM 7490837 ER PT J AU Kurokohchi, K Akatsuka, T Pendleton, CD Takamizawa, A Nishioka, M Battegay, M Feinstone, SM Berzofsky, JA AF Kurokohchi, K Akatsuka, T Pendleton, CD Takamizawa, A Nishioka, M Battegay, M Feinstone, SM Berzofsky, JA TI Use of recombinant protein to identify a motif-negative human cytotoxic T-cell epitope presented by HLA-A2 in the hepatitis C virus NS3 region SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-I MOLECULES; CHRONIC NON-A; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CYTO-TOXICITY; INFECTION; PEPTIDES; ANTIGEN AB To define cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) epitopes, the common approach involving the use of a series of overlapping synthetic peptides covering the whole protein sequence is impractical for large proteins. Motifs identify only a fraction of epitopes. To identify human CTL epitopes in the NS3 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV), we modified an approach using recombinant protein and the ability of short peptides to bind to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an HCV-infected patient were stimulated dth a proteolytic digest of the recombinant NS3 protein to expand CTL to any active peptides in the digest. The digest was fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and fractions were assessed for the ability to sensitize targets for lysis by CTL. The most active fraction was sequenced, identifying a 15-residue peptide (NS3-1J; TITTGAPVTYSTYGK). This sequence was confirmed to be the source of the activity by synthesis of the corresponding peptide. CTL lines specific for NS3-1J were established from two HCV-infected patients (both HLA-A2 and -B7 positive) by stimulation with the synthetic peptide in vitro. The CTL were HLA-A2 restricted, and the minimal epitope was mapped to a decapeptide NS3-1J (10.4). As this minimal epitope lacks the common HLA-A2-binding motif, this technique is useful for mapping CTL epitopes independent of known motifs and without the requirement for enormous numbers of overlapping peptides. Because this peptide is presented by the most common HLA class I molecule, present in almost half the population, it might be a useful component of a vaccine against HCV. C1 NCI,METAB BRANCH,MOLEC IMMUNOGENET & VACCINE RES SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,HEPATITIS RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KAGAWA MED SCH,DIV INTERNAL MED 3,MIKI,KAGAWA 76107,JAPAN. OSAKA UNIV,RES FDN MICROBIAL DIS,KANONJI,KAGAWA 768,JAPAN. NR 78 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 70 IS 1 BP 232 EP 240 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA TJ650 UT WOS:A1996TJ65000030 PM 8523531 ER PT J AU Polotsky, Y Henrikson, E Barrett, T Kopecko, D Orenstein, JM AF Polotsky, Y Henrikson, E Barrett, T Kopecko, D Orenstein, JM TI Enteropathogenic and enteroaggregative E-coli isolated from an AIDS patient with diarrhea SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. CDC,NCID,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 74 IS 1 BP 762 EP 762 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA TT757 UT WOS:A1996TT75700793 ER PT J AU Sheikh, NM Love, LA AF Sheikh, NM Love, LA TI Consideration of dietary supplements in differential diagnosis for non-infectious hepatitis. SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FDA,CFSAN,OSN,CRRS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 74 IS 1 BP 797 EP 797 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA TT757 UT WOS:A1996TT75700828 ER PT J AU Pettit, GH Ediger, MN Hahn, DW Landry, RJ Weiblinger, RP Morehouse, KM AF Pettit, GH Ediger, MN Hahn, DW Landry, RJ Weiblinger, RP Morehouse, KM TI Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of free radicals in corneal tissue following excimer laser irradiation SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ablation; photochemistry; photorefractive keratectomy ID ABLATION AB Background and Objective: Free radicals, detected previously in corneal tissue following 193 nn laser irradiation, may be important agents in the laser/tissue interaction. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) has been used to examine such radical formation in detail. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Bovine corneal strips were frozen in liquid nitrogen, irradiated with excimer laser pulses, and assayed by EPR. Exposure conditions were varied to study radical formation dependence on laser intensity and repetition. Results were measured against a quantifiable standard to calculate radical quantum yield. Results: Either weak or intense laser fluences produced comparable tissue EPR signals. Radicals accumulated in frozen tissue for at least 10 initial ablation pulses. Radical quantum yield in cornea was 0.15%. Conclusion: Corneal radical formation is largely a photochemical process driven by the 193 nn laser radiation. Reactive radical species are produced in substantial numbers and Likely have a significant clinical role. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Pettit, GH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,MAIL STOP HFZ-134,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1996)18:4<367::AID-LSM5>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA UH985 UT WOS:A1996UH98500005 PM 8732575 ER PT B AU Derby, BM Levy, AS AF Derby, BM Levy, AS BE Hill, RP Taylor, CR TI Impact of the nutrition labeling and education act on consumers' use of food labels: The case of nutrient content and health claims SO MARKETING AND PUBLIC POLICY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1996 Marketing and Public Policy Conference CY MAY 17-18, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Mkt Assoc, Mkt & Soc SIG, Mkt Sci Inst, J Public Policy & Mkt C1 US FDA,DIV MARKET STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MARKETING ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 250 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE, CHICAGO, IL 60606 BN 0-87757-260-7 J9 AMA CONF P PY 1996 VL 6 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Business; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BJ86R UT WOS:A1996BJ86R00004 ER PT B AU Wagner, RF Myers, KJ Brown, DG Anderson, MP Hansen, KM AF Wagner, RF Myers, KJ Brown, DG Anderson, MP Hansen, KM BE Hanson, KM Silver, RN TI Toward optimal observer performance of detection and discrimination tasks on reconstructions from sparse data SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1995 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiog Diagnost Program, Santa Fe Inst HO ST JOHNS COLL DE observer performance; tomographic reconstruction; MEMSYS; hyperparameter selection AB It is well known that image assessment is task dependent. This is demonstrated in the context of images reconstructed from sparse data using MEM-SYS3. We demonstrate that the problem of determining the regularization- or hyperparameter alpha has a task-dependent character independent of whether the images are viewed by human observers or by classical or neural-net classifiers. This issue is not addressed by Bayesian image analysts. We suggest, however, that knowledge of the task, or the use to which the images are to be put, is a form of prior knowledge that should be incorporated into a Bayesian analysis. We sketch a frequentist approach that may serve as a guide to a Bayesian solution. RP Wagner, RF (reprint author), CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,FDA,12720 TWINBROOK PKWY,MS HFZ 142,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4311-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 79 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics; Mathematics GA BH89J UT WOS:A1996BH89J00025 ER PT S AU Babu, US Wiesenfeld, PL Bunning, VK Raybourne, RB AF Babu, US Wiesenfeld, PL Bunning, VK Raybourne, RB BE Ades, EW Morse, SA Rest, RF TI Impact of in vitro fatty acid uptake on nitric oxide production and antilisterial activity of WEHI-3 cells SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE II SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response II CY OCT 25-28, 1995 CL NEW YORK, NY SP New York Acad Sci, AMGEN Inc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bristol Myers Squibb Pharm Res Inst, Merck Res Labs, Pfizer Inc, SmithKline Beecham Pharm ID PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; DIETARY N-3 C1 US FDA, DIV VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT, IMMUNOBIOL BRANCH, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. RP Babu, US (reprint author), US FDA, DIV SCI & APPL TECHNOL, OFF SPECIAL NUTR, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-017-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 797 BP 296 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52984.x PG 3 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Music SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Music GA BH28T UT WOS:A1996BH28T00042 PM 8993386 ER PT J AU Lee, CJ Karpas, A Wang, TR Kosaka, T Koizumi, K AF Lee, CJ Karpas, A Wang, TR Kosaka, T Koizumi, K TI Production, binding characteristics and protective immunity of monoclonal antibody to pneumococcal type-9V conjugate SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibody; pneumococcal infection; polysaccharide-protein conjugate; protective immunity ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; VACCINE; MICE; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; SPECIFICITY; RESPONSES; CELLS; 9V AB A monoclonal antibody (MAb) to pneumococcal type-9V polysaccharide (PS) was produced using PS conjugated to inactivated pneumolysin as the immunogen, The MAb to 9V PS was of the IgG(1) subclass, The antigen-antibody reaction increased rapidly at low concentrations and reached a plateau at 10 mu g PS/ml as measured by nephelometry of the group 9 PS against 9V MAb binding, In contrast, the binding of group 9 PS against rabbit 9V antiserum (AS) increased proportionally and continued to increase up to the highest concentration of PS tested (20 mu g PS/ml), The 9V MAb reacted with all group 9 PSs (9A, 9L, 9N and 9V) by immunodiffusion, In the homologous 9V Ag-MAb reaction, there were marked differences in the inhibition of binding by the cross-reactive 9L PS (19.2% inhibition) and the 9N PS (0.2%), In contrast, inhibition of the homologous 9V Ag-rabbit AS binding by cross-reactive 9L and 9N PSs ranged from 57.8 to 62.7%, Removal of the O-acetyl group from 9V PS by alkali hydrolysis resulted in decreased binding with rabbit 9V AS, However, the binding reaction with 9V MAb was less affected by the loss of O-acetyl content, The 9V MAb was both opsonic and passively protected young mice against challenge with type-9V pneumococci. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA,COLL MED TECHNOL & NURSING,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER ACAD PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O BUSINESS CTR ACAD SOC JPN, 16-9 HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 1996 VL 40 IS 11 BP 857 EP 865 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA VT566 UT WOS:A1996VT56600008 PM 8985941 ER PT J AU Scott, WL AF Scott, WL TI CVC problems avoidable SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Scott, WL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF HLTH & IND PROGRAMS,DIV DEVICE USER PROGRAMS & SYST ANAL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 161 IS 1 BP A4 EP A4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TR966 UT WOS:A1996TR96600004 PM 11082739 ER PT J AU Hsiao, WW Wolff, GL North, BM Ollmann, MM Barsh, GS Fan, H AF Hsiao, WW Wolff, GL North, BM Ollmann, MM Barsh, GS Fan, H TI Differential spontaneous transformation in vitro of newly established mouse fibroblast lines carrying or lacking the viable yellow mutation (A(vy)) of the mouse agouti locus SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE agouti gene; transformation; mouse cell lines ID POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; MICE; SEQUENCES; DIVISION AB The pleiotropic effects of the viable yellow mutation (A(vy)), an allele of the mouse agouti coat-color locus, include increased susceptibility to spontaneous and chemically induced tumors that affect a wide variety of tissues. As a first step toward understanding the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we established permanent fibroblast-like cell lines from newborn A(vy)/a and control congenic ala mice and compared their growth characteristics in vitro. From the VY/WffC3Hf/Nctr and YS/WffCH3f/Nctr-A(vy) inbred strains, each of which carries the A(vy) allele on a congenic background, 38 clonal A(vy)/a and 16 clonal ala lines were established. Regardless of inbred strain, all A(vy)/a cell lines exhibited a significant degree of spontaneous transformation, as assessed by focus formation in monolayer culture, whereas none of the ala cell lines formed foci in prolonged cultures. To test whether changes in dosage of the A(vy)- Or a-bearing chromosomes were related to these events, we analyzed each cell line with a closely linked molecular probe from the Emv-15 locus, which in the VY strain detects a restriction fragment length variant (RFLV) informative for the A(vy)- and a-bearing chromosomes. Most of the transformed foci maintained heterozygosity for RFLVs detected by the probe, but two of the transformants lost the a-associated RFLV, and at least one of the transformants exhibited amplification of the A(vy)-associated RFLV. When the transformants were analyzed with 5' sequences derived from the recently cloned agouti gene, three of eight transformants lost the a-associated RFLV, and two of the transformants showed amplification of the A(vy)-associated RFLV. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays indicated that agouti RNA was detected in A(vy)/a, not ala cell lines. Surprisingly, some of the A(vy)/a transformants lacked agouti RNA. These results suggest that deregulated expression of the A(vy) allele is required for the initiation but not for the maintenance of transformation of the A(vy)/a cell cultures. These cell lines may provide an in vitro culture system for studying the effect of the agouti gene on tumorigenicity as well as to potentially study other pleiotropic phenotypes, (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & BIOCHEM,IRVINE,CA 92717. US DEPT HHS,FOOD & DRUG ADM,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,STANFORD,CA 94305. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N0I-ES-05301] NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199601)15:1<70::AID-MC10>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA TR176 UT WOS:A1996TR17600010 PM 8561869 ER PT J AU Fleming, A AF Fleming, A TI Beyond drug regulation: The science of drug evaluation SO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Fleming, A (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 1076-1551 J9 MOL MED JI Mol. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 2 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TZ456 UT WOS:A1996TZ45600002 PM 8900529 ER PT J AU Guerry, P Doig, P Alm, RA Burr, DH Kinsella, N Trust, TJ AF Guerry, P Doig, P Alm, RA Burr, DH Kinsella, N Trust, TJ TI Identification and characterization of genes required for post-translational modification of Campylobacter coli VC167 flagellin SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID; SP STRAIN VPI-12708; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; JEJUNI; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; SEQUENCE; 7-DEHYDROXYLATION; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; SYNTHETASE AB Two genes have been identified in Campylobacter coli VC167 which are required for the biosynthesis of posttranslational modifications on flagellin proteins. The ptmA gene encodes a protein of predicted M(r) 28 486 which shows significant homology to a family of alcohol dehydrogenases from a variety of bacteria. The ptmB gene encodes a protein of predicted M(r) 26 598 with significant homology to CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase enyzmes involved in sialic acid capsular biosynthesis in Neisseria meninigitidis and Escherichia coli K1. Site-specific mutation of either ptmA or ptmB caused loss of reactivity with antisera specific to the post-translational modifications and a change in the isoelectric focusing fingerprints relative to the parent strains. Mutation of ptmB, but not of ptmA, caused a change in apparent M(r) of the flagellin subunit in SDS-PAGE gels. The ptmA and ptmB genes are present in other strains of Campylobacter. In a rabbit model the ptmA mutant showed a reduced ability to elicit protection against subsequent challenge with heterologous strains of the same Lior serotype compared to the parental wild-type strain. This suggests that the surface-exposed post-translational modifications may play a significant role in the protective immune response. C1 UNIV VICTORIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MICROBIOL,VICTORIA,BC V8W 3P6,CANADA. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 45 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 2 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.369895.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA TT420 UT WOS:A1996TT42000017 PM 8825781 ER PT S AU Hatheway, CL Ferreira, JL AF Hatheway, CL Ferreira, JL BE Singh, BR Tu, AT TI Detection and identification of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins SO NATURAL TOXINS 2: STRUCTURE, MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND DETECTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Natural Toxins CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CURED MEAT SYSTEM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MOUSE BIOASSAY; PURE CULTURE; B TOXINS; ELISA; SAMPLES C1 US FDA,SE REG LABS,ATLANTA,GA 30309. RP Hatheway, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45289-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 391 BP 481 EP 498 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Toxicology GA BF60N UT WOS:A1996BF60N00039 PM 8726084 ER PT J AU Schupke, H Bauer, C McNeilly, PJ Hempel, R Strong, J Kupferberg, HJ Kronbach, T AF Schupke, H Bauer, C McNeilly, PJ Hempel, R Strong, J Kupferberg, HJ Kronbach, T TI N-glucuronidation as a major metabolic pathway of the new anticonvulsant D-23129 in rats, dogs and man SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARZNEIMITTELWERK DRESDEN GMBH,DEPT BIOCHEM,CORP R&D ASTA MED GRP,DRESDEN,GERMANY. US FDA,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NINCDS,NIH,EPILEPSY BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PY 1996 VL 354 IS 4 SU 1 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VN593 UT WOS:A1996VN59300168 ER PT B AU Quarrie, LO Walchle, RL AF Quarrie, LO Walchle, RL GP IEEE TI A case study of power quality in a health care facility waiter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC SO NORTHCON/96 - IEEE TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Technical Applications Conference (Northcon 96) CY NOV 04-06, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE AB This paper describes a power quality survey that was done as part of sin electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) study at the Waiter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) in Washington, D.C.; the power quality part of the study was carried out as a cooperative effort between personnel from WRAMC and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Explained are the methods used and measurement results of a study of existing power quality, power tool emissions, and medical device susceptibility. RP Quarrie, LO (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3278-4 PY 1996 BP 230 EP 235 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG86L UT WOS:A1996BG86L00040 ER PT B AU Wong, N AF Wong, N GP IEEE TI Design control regulation SO NORTHCON/96 - IEEE TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Technical Applications Conference (Northcon 96) CY NOV 04-06, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE RP Wong, N (reprint author), US FDA,22201 23RD DR SE,BOTHELL,WA 98021, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3278-4 PY 1996 BP 244 EP 246 DI 10.1109/NORTHC.1996.564900 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG86L UT WOS:A1996BG86L00042 ER PT J AU Lakshman, MR Liu, QH Sapp, R Somanchi, M Sundaresan, PR AF Lakshman, MR Liu, QH Sapp, R Somanchi, M Sundaresan, PR TI The effects of dietary taurocholate, fat, protein, and carbohydrate on the distribution and fate of dietary beta-carotene in ferrets SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A; METABOLISM; RATS; ANTIOXIDANT; ABSORPTION; RETINOL AB Dietary beta-carotene has been shown to have cancer chemopreventive action on the basis of epidemiologic evidence and studies in animals. Because the anticarcinogenic property of beta-carotene may be exerted per se, it is desirable to achieve the maximum absorption and accumulation of intact p-carotene in various parts of the body. Therefore the effects of dietary taurocholate, fat, protein, and carbohydrate on the absorption, accumulation, and fate of dietary beta-carotene (3,730 nmol/g diet) in selected tissues of ferrets were explored. Taurocholate (0.2-1.0% wt/wt) and fat (6-23% wt/wt) caused two- to threefold (p < 0.05) increases in the absorption and accumulation of p-carotene in the liver, lungs, and adipose tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, neither dietary protein (10-40% wt/wt) nor carbohydrate (25-55% wt/wt) affected the absorption and accumulation of beta-carotene in various tissues. Significantly, taurocholate, 23% fat, or 40% protein also markedly increased the amounts of hepatic retinol and retinyl esters derived from dietary beta-carotene. These results indicate that dietary taurocholate, fat, and high protein have a marked influence on the exposure of beta-carotene to intestinal carotene cleavage enzyme or its activity. Thus an ideal combination of dietary components (wt/wt) in ferrets for the maximal absorption and accumulation of beta-carotene in different tissues is 0.5% taurocholate and 13.4% fat, whereas 1% taurocholate, 23% fat, or 40% protein stimulates its conversion to vitamin A. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF SPECIAL NUTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP Lakshman, MR (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LIPID RES LAB 151T,50 IRVING ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20422, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-39999] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA UZ170 UT WOS:A1996UZ17000006 PM 8844721 ER PT J AU Whittaker, P Wamer, WG Chanderbhan, RF Dunkel, VC AF Whittaker, P Wamer, WG Chanderbhan, RF Dunkel, VC TI Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on hepatic lipid peroxidation and blood lipids in rats with dietary iron overload SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CANCER; ANTIOXIDANT; RADICALS; RISK AB The ability of dietary antioxidants to reduce lipid peroxidation induced by ir on overload was examined in weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were fed ad libitum a modified AIN-76A diet (control) or control diet with 0.5% alpha-tocopherol acid succinate, 0.5% crystalline trans-beta-carotene, or 0.5% alpha-tocopherol acid succinate + 0.5% trans-beta-carotene for four weeks. In the following four-week period, the animals received the above diets with 10,000 mu g Fe/g; a control group continued to receive 35 mu g Fe/g, and a high-iron group received 10,000 mu g Fe/g with no antioxidants. After four weeks of dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, or alpha-tocopherol + beta-carotene, liver concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene increased significantly (p < 0.001). Liver lipid peroxidation, measured by the lipid-conjugated diene assay, increased significantly from 0.012 mu mol/mg of lipid in the controls to 0.021 mu mol/mg of lipid in animals receiving the high-iron diet. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced in all animals fed the antioxidants, with the group fed alpha-tocopherol + beta-carotene having a lower level than the high-iron group. Total serum cholesterol was elevated in animals fed a high-iron diet and in animals fed the high-iron diet with alpha-tocopherol. In contrast, total serum cholesterol levels in the two groups of animals receiving the diets containing high iron with beta-carotene alone or high iron with beta-carotene + alpha-tocopherol were significantly reduced to the level of the control group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol also decreased to baseline in the animals receiving beta-carotene alone. Modulation of lipid peroxidation by alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene may be an important mechanism for reducing oxidative stress. RP Whittaker, P (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFS-465,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 1996 VL 25 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA UD637 UT WOS:A1996UD63700002 PM 8710681 ER PT B AU Schwetz, B Greenman, D AF Schwetz, B Greenman, D BE Cicolella, A Hardin, B Johanson, G TI Risk assessment in developmental toxicology and public health regulatory approaches SO OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE - RISK MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS, VOL 2, ISSUE 1-6, 1996: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEALTH HAZARDS OF GLYCOL ETHERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Health Hazards of Glycol Ethers CY APR 19-21, 1994 CL PONT A MOUSSON, FRANCE SP Natl Inst Safety Res, France, NIOSH, NIOH, WHO, Int Agcy Res Canc Commiss European Communities, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, Int Occupat Hygiene Assoc, Swedish Work Environm Fund, NIH NIEHS, US EPA, Minist Res & Univ Educ, France, INSERM, France, French Occupat Med, French Comm Hlth Educ, City Nancy, Reg Lorraine DE glycol ethers; risk assessment; regulation C1 US PHS,US FDA,NCTR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON AND BREACH SCIENCE PUBL PI READING PA P O BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL BN 9-919875-20-5 PY 1996 BP 439 EP 444 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BF72T UT WOS:A1996BF72T00041 ER PT B AU Durkin, AJ RichardsKortum, R AF Durkin, AJ RichardsKortum, R BE Asakura, T Farkas, DL Leif, RC Priezzhev, AV Tromberg, BJ TI Application of the method of partial least squares to determine chromophore concentrations from fluorescence spectra of turbid samples SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF LIVING CELLS AND BIOFLUIDS, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Living Cells and Biofluids CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Light Microscope Imaging & Biotechnol DE fluorescence spectroscopy; partial least squares; scattering; tissue optics C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,AJD,ELECTROOPT BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2052-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2678 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1117/12.239536 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Optics GA BG01Y UT WOS:A1996BG01Y00050 ER PT B AU Feller, SE Pastor, RW AF Feller, SE Pastor, RW BE Altman, RB Dunker, AK Hunter, L Klein, TE TI Length scales of lipid dynamics and molecular dynamics SO PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING '97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) CY JAN 06-09, 1997 CL MAUI, HI SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, NIH, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Molec Applicat Grp AB Following a brief overview of length scales and system size in computer simulation, it is demonstrated that a simulation sized lipid bilayer (typically a 50x50 Angstrom(2) patch) is in the regime where stretching dominates undulation, while the reverse holds for a flaccid macroscopic membrane. Then it is estimated that current system sizes of membrane simulations must be increased by at least a factor of 10 before thermodynamic limits are approached for quantities such as surface tension. RP Feller, SE (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3005-2 PY 1996 BP 142 EP 150 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BH75M UT WOS:A1996BH75M00019 ER PT J AU Beeler, J Varricchio, F Wise, R AF Beeler, J Varricchio, F Wise, R TI Thrombocytopenia after immunization with measles vaccines: Review of the vaccine adverse events reporting system (1990 to 1994) SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE measles vaccine; thrombocytopenia C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Beeler, J (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,9900 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 4 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1097/00006454-199601000-00020 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA TQ124 UT WOS:A1996TQ12400018 PM 8684885 ER PT J AU Markowitz, LE Albrecht, P Rhodes, P Demonteverde, R Swint, E Maes, EF Powell, C Patriarca, PA Rubenstein, B Dupee, R Deutsche, M Marcy, SM AF Markowitz, LE Albrecht, P Rhodes, P Demonteverde, R Swint, E Maes, EF Powell, C Patriarca, PA Rubenstein, B Dupee, R Deutsche, M Marcy, SM TI Changing levels of measles antibody titers in women and children in the united states: Impact on response to vaccination SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles; maternal antibody; measles vaccine; age; race and ethnicity ID IMMUNITY; INFANTS; MALNUTRITION AB Objectives. In the United States, younger women are more likely to have immunity to measles from vaccination and are less likely to have been exposed to the wild virus than are older women. To evaluate changes in measles antibody titers in women in the United States and children's responses to measles vaccination, we analyzed data from a measles vaccine trial. Methods. Sera collected from children before vaccination at 6, 9, or 12 months of age and from their mothers were assayed for measles antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization. Responses to vaccination with Merck Sharp & Dohme live measles virus vaccines at 9 months (Attenuvax) and 12 months (M-M-R II) were also analyzed. Results. Among women born in the United States (n = 614), geometric mean titers (GMTs) of measles antibodies decreased with increasing birth year. For those born before 1957, 1957 through 1963, and after 1963, GMTs were 4798, 2665, and 989, respectively. Among women born outside of the United States (n = 394), there were no differences in GMTs by year of birth. Children of younger women born in the United States were less likely than those of older women to be seropositive at 6, 9, or 12 months. The response to the Vaccines varied by maternal birth year for children of women born in the United States. Among 9-month-old children, 93% of those whose mothers were born after 1963 responded, compared with 77% and 60% of those whose mothers were born in 1957 through 1963 and before 1957, respectively. Among 12-month-old children, 98% of those born to the youngest mothers responded, compared with 90% and 83% of those whose mothers were born in 1957 through 1963 and before 1957. The responses of children of women born outside of the United States were not associated with maternal year of birth. Conclusions. An increasing proportion of children in the United States will respond to the measles vaccine at younger ages because of lower levels of passively acquired maternal measles antibodies. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. SO CALIF KAISER PERMANENTE MED CARE PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP Markowitz, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MS-E52,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1996 VL 97 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TQ424 UT WOS:A1996TQ42400009 PM 8545224 ER PT J AU Ferguson, SA Paule, MG AF Ferguson, SA Paule, MG TI Effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on time estimation behavior and motivation in rats SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE operant test battery; progressive ratio; chlorpromazine; diazepam; motivation; time estimation; temporal response differentiation ID OPERANT TEST BATTERY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PROGRESSIVE RATIO; MARIJUANA SMOKE; PERFORMANCE AB The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on performance of two operant tasks, one modelling time estimation and the other motivation to work for food reinforcers, were investigated in rats. These same tasks had been used previously in rhesus monkeys to assess the effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam. Rat performance of the time estimation task [temporal response differentiation (TRD)] was nearly identical to that previously described in monkeys. This performance similarity across these two species occurred despite slightly different methodologies. Performance of the motivation task [progressive ratio (PR)] was clearly different between rats and adult monkeys in that rats exhibited lower values on all PR endpoints. Acute administration of chlorpromazine [0.03-5.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)] caused decrements in rat TRD and PR performance at doses greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/kg. Acute administration of diazepam (0.25-4.0 mg/kg, IP) altered TRD performance only. The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam in rats were similar to those previously noted in the monkey, indicating the potential utility of rat performance in these operant tasks to predict drug effects in the rhesus monkey. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(95)02002-0 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TL889 UT WOS:A1996TL88900015 PM 8848440 ER PT J AU Williams, GM Whysner, J Ames, B Boyle, P Doull, J Greim, H Hayashi, Y Hill, RN Kimbrough, RD Krewski, D Kroes, R Monson, R Munro, IC Rajewsky, MF Scheuplein, RJ Sugimura, T Swenberg, JA Travis, CC Sieber, S AF Williams, GM Whysner, J Ames, B Boyle, P Doull, J Greim, H Hayashi, Y Hill, RN Kimbrough, RD Krewski, D Kroes, R Monson, R Munro, IC Rajewsky, MF Scheuplein, RJ Sugimura, T Swenberg, JA Travis, CC Sieber, S TI The use of mechanistic data in the risk assessments of ten chemicals: An introduction to the chemical-specific reviews SO PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE DNA reactivity; epigenetic effects; risk assessment; cancer mechanism; threshold AB The International Expert Panel on Carcinogen Risk Assessment of the American Health Foundation has planned, directed and reviewed in depth analyses of mechanistic data for 10 rodent carcinogens. The purpose of this review was to illustrate the use of mechanistic data in carcinogen risk assessment. The mechanisms by which a chemical produces cancer in rodents provided important information for determining whether or not humans would be at risk at low exposure levels. For epigenetic (non-DNA-reactive) carcinogens, current exposure levels for these chemicals below a threshold do not pose a risk. For DNA-reactive agents at sufficient exposures, humans would be expected to be at risk. However, protective mechanisms may lower the expected risk, especially at low-level exposures. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. EUROPEAN INST ONCOL,MILAN,ITALY. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. UNIV MILAN,MILAN,ITALY. SOC RADIAT & ENVIRONM RES,MUNICH,GERMANY. NATL INST HLTH SCI,TOKYO,JAPAN. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. INST EVALUATING HLTH RISKS,WASHINGTON,DC. HLTH & WELF CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. UNIV UTRECHT,NL-3508 TC UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CANTOX INC,MISSISSAUGA,ON,CANADA. UNIV ESSEN GESAMTHSCH,SCH MED,ESSEN,GERMANY. WEINBERG CONSULTING GRP,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL CANC CTR,TOKYO 104,JAPAN. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NATL CANC INST,BETHESDA,MD. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,NL-3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Williams, GM (reprint author), AMER HLTH FDN,TOXICOL & RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,1 DANA RD,VALHALLA,NY 10595, USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0163-7258 J9 PHARMACOL THERAPEUT JI Pharmacol. Ther. PY 1996 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VH867 UT WOS:A1996VH86700002 ER PT J AU Gray, VA Rippere, RA AF Gray, VA Rippere, RA TI Labeling issues for recently approved abbreviated new drug applications for extended-release products SO PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Gray, VA (reprint author), USP,DIV STAND DEV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION PI ROCKVILLE PA 12601 TWINBROOK PKWY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 SN 0363-4655 J9 PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM JI Pharmacop. Forum PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1942 EP 1942 PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TR054 UT WOS:A1996TR05400003 ER PT B AU Jennings, RJ Jafroudi, H Gagne, RM Fewell, TR Quinn, PW Artz, DES Vucich, JJ Freedman, MT Mun, SK AF Jennings, RJ Jafroudi, H Gagne, RM Fewell, TR Quinn, PW Artz, DES Vucich, JJ Freedman, MT Mun, SK BE VanMetter, RL Beutel, J TI Storage-phosphor-based digital mammography using a low-dose x-ray system optimized for screen-film mammography SO PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING: MEDICAL IMAGING 1996 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Annual Meeting on the Physics of Medical Imaging CY FEB 11-13, 1996 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Appl Radiol C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2083-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2708 BP 220 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.237785 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF52P UT WOS:A1996BF52P00020 ER PT J AU Culp, SJ Gaylor, DW Sheldon, WG Goldstein, LS Beland, FA AF Culp, SJ Gaylor, DW Sheldon, WG Goldstein, LS Beland, FA TI DNA adduct measurements in relation to small intestine and forestomach tumor incidence during the chronic feeding of coal tar or benzo[a]pyrene to mice SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE coal tar; benzo[a]pyrene; DNA adducts; carcinogenicity ID COVALENT BINDING; COMPONENTS; LIVER; EXPOSURE; BLADDER; MODELS; SKIN AB In a two-year carcinogenicity bioassay, female B6C3F(1) mice were fed up to 100 ppm benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or up to 1% coal tar in the diet. Forestomach tumors were induced in mice fed BaP, with the incidence increasing sharply between 5 and 25 ppm BaP. Forestomach tumors were also observed in mice fed coal tar, with a pronounced increase at the 0.3% dose. The incidence of forestomach tumors was approximately the same at 0.3% and 0.6% coal tar, but declined at the 1.0% dose, due to early mortality from a high incidence of small intestine adenocarcinomas. DNA adduct levels were examined in the forestomachs and small intestines after feeding BaP or coal tar for 4 weeks. In BaP-treated mice, one major adduct was observed; this adduct accounted for 7-15% of the forestomach adducts in mice fed coal tar. A dose-related increase was observed in adduct levels in the forestomachs of BaP- and coal tar-fed mice. The induction of forestomach tumors from BaP or coal tar was associated with the same levels of BaP-DNA adducts. In the small intestines, total adduct levels increased up to the 0.6% coal tar dose and then decreased at the 1.0% dose. Since the tumor incidence was highest at the 1.0% dose, coal tar-induced cytotoxicity and cell proliferation may be critical factors in tumor induction in this tissue. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1080/10406639608544662 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WF432 UT WOS:A1996WF43200021 ER PT J AU Own, ZY Chiu, LH VonTungeln, LS Deck, J Vingiello, FA Fu, PP AF Own, ZY Chiu, LH VonTungeln, LS Deck, J Vingiello, FA Fu, PP TI Synthesis and rat liver microsomal metabolism of 2-chlorodibenzo[a,l]pyrene and 10-chlorodibenzo[a,l]pyrene SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE dibenzo[a,l]pyrene; 2-chlorodibenzo[a,l]pyrene; 10-chlorodibenzo[a,l]pyrene; metabolism ID TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN DIBENZOPYRENE; REGION DIOL EPOXIDES; FJORD-REGION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOUSE SKIN; STEREOSELECTIVE METABOLISM; MUTAGENICITY; BENZOCHRYSENE; BENZOPYRENE AB Chlorinated PAHs have been identified as a class of potent genotoxic environmental contaminants. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) is a potent tumorigenic environmental pollutant In this paper, we report the synthesis, rat liver microsomal metabolism, and determination of the effect of the chloro substituent on metabolism of DB[a,l]P, 2-Cl-DB[a,l]P, and 10-Cl-DB[a,l]P. The metabolism of DB[a,l]P, 2-Cl-DB[a,l]P, and 10-Cl-DB[a,l]P produced trans-8,9-dihydrodiol, trans-11,12-dihydrodiol, and 7-hydroxyl metabolites as major products. The trans-dihydrodiols of DB[a,l]P and 2-Cl-DB[a,l]P preferentially adopt a quasidiequatorial conformation, and the 10-Cl-DB[a,l]P trans-dihydrodiols adopt a quasidiaxial conformation. Based on the yield and conformation of trans-11,12-dihydrodiol, we predict the biological activities of these compounds are: DB[a,l]P > 2-Cl-DB[a,l]P >> 10-Cl-DB[a,l]P. C1 PROVIDENCE UNIV,INST APPL CHEM,TAICHUNG,TAIWAN. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NE LOUISIANA UNIV,COLL PURE & APPL SCI,DEPT CHEM,MONROE,LA 71209. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1-4 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1080/10406639608544684 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WF432 UT WOS:A1996WF43200043 ER PT J AU Fu, PP Zhan, DJ vonTungeln, LS Yi, P Qui, FY HerrenoSaenz, D Lewtas, J AF Fu, PP Zhan, DJ vonTungeln, LS Yi, P Qui, FY HerrenoSaenz, D Lewtas, J TI Comparative formation of DNA adducts of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mouse and rat liver microsomes and cytosols SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE DNA adducts; 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; 1-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene; 3-nitro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene; P-32-postlabeling ID 1-NITROBENZOPYRENE; 3-NITROBENZOPYRENE; NITROREDUCTION; MUTAGENICITY AB We have characterized the DNA adducts of a series of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) formed under anaerobic conditions in vitro. Although the DNA adducts of nitro-PAHs formed through enzymatic nitroreduction are generally the C8-deoxyguanosyl adducts, nitroreduction of 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1-nitro-BaP), 3-nitro-BaP, and two derivatives in the presence of calf thymus DNA resulted in the N-2-deoxyguanosyl adducts with the deoxyguanosyl moiety remote from the reaction site. Two DNA adducts of this type were also formed from 1-nitropyrene as minor products. These DNA adducts were formed from anaerobic incubation with rat and mouse liver microsomes and cytosols in the presence of calf thymus DNA. Our results suggest that biological formation of this type of DNA adduct is independent of the enzymatic system, but dependent on the geometric structure and/or electronic features of the nitro-PAH molecules. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV PUERTO RICO,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1080/10406639608034696 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WD676 UT WOS:A1996WD67600025 ER PT J AU Chou, MW Chen, W Nichols, J Mikhailova, M Hart, RW AF Chou, MW Chen, W Nichols, J Mikhailova, M Hart, RW TI Effect of dietary restriction on DNA-adduct formation of benzo[a]pyrene and 2-acetylaminofluorene in mouse liver SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE dietary restriction; benzo[a]pyrene; 2-acetylaminofluorene; BaP-DNA adduct; 2-AAF-DNA adduct; DNA strand breaks ID SENSITIVE ASSAY; XENOBIOTICS; INDUCTION AB Dietary restriction (DR) alters hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities that affect the metabolic activation of xenobiotics. Previously, we have studied the effect of DR on the formation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-DNA adducts in male Fischer 344 rats. In this study, the effects of DR on the formation of specific BaP-DNA adducts in mouse livers were investigated. In addition, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) modified DNA adducts in livers of mice and rats were also examined. DR reduced the body and liver weights of male B6C3F(1) mice. Both the total [H-3]BaP-DNA binding and the specific BaP-DNA adduct, N-2-dG-BaP, detected by P-32-postlabeling technique, were found to be greater in DR mice than in animals fed al libitum (AL). The formation of the 2-AAF-DNA adduct, AF-C8-dG, was not affected by DR. Similar results were obtained from the in vitro DNA adduct formation of these two carcinogens mediated by rat and mouse liver microsomes. The effect of DR on the formation of BaP- and 2-AAF-modified DNA adducts is discussed. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1-4 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1080/10406639608034699 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WD676 UT WOS:A1996WD67600028 ER PT J AU Moos, M Morris, DI Robbins, J Appel, L Seamon, KB AF Moos, M Morris, DI Robbins, J Appel, L Seamon, KB TI Purification of bovine brain adenylyl cyclase with a novel derivative of forskolin: Evidence for a high specific activity form of the enzyme SO PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT-BRAIN; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CATALYTIC UNIT; BINDING-SITES; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; STRIATUM; PROTEINS; CORTEX AB An improved affinity support for the purification of adenylyl cyclase was prepared from 7-desacetyl-7-aminoethylaminocarbonyl forskolin. This analog allows convenient synthesis of an affinity matrix that is chemically stable, withstanding repeated use for up to two years, and efficient, yielding purifications of adenylyl cyclase from solubilized bovine brain membranes of 2,000-6,000 fold in a single step. Immunoblotting data suggest that the majority of the enzyme purified in this fashion differs from forms described previously. Since the specific activity of this preparation is substantially higher than that described in previous reports, it is possible that the purification described here selects, presumably on the basis of affinity for forskolin, for a form of adenylyl cyclase with higher specific activity than any described previously. C1 UNIV MIAMI, SCH MED, MIAMI, FL 33101 USA. RP US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Moos, Malcolm/F-3673-2011 OI Moos, Malcolm/0000-0002-9575-9938 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6068 EI 1532-2297 J9 PREP BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol. PY 1996 VL 26 IS 2 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1080/10826069608000061 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UW784 UT WOS:A1996UW78400006 PM 8784925 ER PT S AU Bolger, M Henry, SH Carrington, CD AF Bolger, M Henry, SH Carrington, CD BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Hazard and risk assessment of crude oil contaminants in subsistence seafood samples from Prince William Sound SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,CONTAMINANTS STAND MONITORING & PROGRAMS BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 837 EP 843 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00058 ER PT J AU Leber, P AF Leber, P TI Challenges to the ethicality of clinical research SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual New-Clinical-Drug-Evaluation-Unit Meeting, of the National-Institute-of-Mental-Health CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP New Clin Drug Evaluat Unit, NIMH RP Leber, P (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA UQ557 UT WOS:A1996UQ55700004 PM 8927659 ER PT J AU Goldman, SA AF Goldman, SA TI FDA MedWatch report: Lithium and neuroleptics in combination: The spectrum of neurotoxicity SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE neurotoxicity; neuroleptic; lithium; diagnosis; classification ID MALIGNANT SYNDROME; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS; CONSECUTIVE INPATIENTS; HALOPERIDOL; FREQUENCY; TOXICITY AB Classifying neurotoxicity in relation to neuroleptic use has been a longstanding concern with clinical, research, and epidemiologic import. This study examines the clinical manifestations of neurotoxicity and current concepts regarding its classification. The Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA) Spontaneous Reporting System data base and extant literature were reviewed for lithium/neuroleptic neurotoxicity spectrum cases. Lithium-alone (Li), lithium/haloperidol (LIHal), and lithium/non-haloperidol neuroleptics (LiNonHal) groups, each paired for recovery and sequelae, were established for 237 cases. Data on demographic factors, psychiatric diagnosis, and symptoms/signs/findings were tabulated. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was used as a paradigm for severe neurotoxicity; the cases were evaluated by two strict, published sets of NMS diagnostic criteria and two ''probable'' classifications (one published and one established for study) based on these criteria. Altered consciousness was prominent in all groups. Hypertonia/rigidity was most pronounced in both LiHal groups, possibly reflecting higher relative neuroleptic dosing; Li and LiNonHal recovery and sequelae pairs showed lower, similar percentages. Among other physical findings, tremor was either most common or prominent, Neither set of strict criteria diagnosed NMS in more than 30 percent of cases in any group. Expansion of classifications to include ''probable'' diagnoses resulted in appreciable global group percentage increases for only one set of criteria. The high percentage of study cases not meeting even ''probable'' NMS criteria, despite marked clinical morbidity that at times resulted in permanent sequelae, provides a cautionary note regarding the limitations of formulated diagnostic criteria. Data base caveats notwithstanding, study findings support the consideration of a spectrum approach to classifying and diagnosing psychotropic-related neurotoxicity. RP Goldman, SA (reprint author), US FDA,MEDWATCH,HF-2,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROOM 9-57,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 299 EP 309 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA VQ763 UT WOS:A1996VQ76300003 PM 8961772 ER PT J AU Volmer, DA Lay, JO Billedeau, M Vollmer, DL AF Volmer, DA Lay, JO Billedeau, M Vollmer, DL TI Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw materials by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry techniques SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID NITROSAMINES AB Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw material samples has been accomplished by three liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques, Two of the techniques involved conventional methodologies of LC/MS and LC/tandem mass spectrometry, both of which can be used to detect and identify products formed under extreme-nitrosation conditions, The third technique utilized an on-line coupling of a photolysis reactor with the LC/MS, and it may be used as a rapid and specific means of screening for the presence of known and unknown N-nitrosamines, which may be carcinogenic. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011; Volmer, Dietrich/G-7900-2012 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527; Volmer, Dietrich/0000-0003-2820-1480 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 715 EP 720 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(199604)10:6<715::AID-RCM542>3.0.CO;2-K PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA UJ502 UT WOS:A1996UJ50200018 PM 8624419 ER PT J AU Holland, RD Wilkes, JG Rafii, F Sutherland, JB Persons, CC Voorhees, KJ Lay, JO AF Holland, RD Wilkes, JG Rafii, F Sutherland, JB Persons, CC Voorhees, KJ Lay, JO TI Rapid identification of intact whole bacteria based on spectral patterns using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS AB Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was investigated as a method for the rapid identification of whole bacteria, either by comparison with archived reference spectra or by co-analysis with cultures of known bacteria. Bacteria were sampled from colonies on an agar plate, mixed with the matrix, air-dried, and introduced in batches into the mass spectrometer for analysis. In the first experiment, both bacterial strains that had been previously analyzed to obtain reference spectra and other strains that had not been analyzed were blind-numbered and their spectra were obtained. Those strains that matched reference spectra were found to be correctly identified. A second experiment involved co-analysis of reference strains and bind-numbered strains under identical conditions; species-specific identification was demonstrated by comparison of spectra of the blind-numbered strains with those of the standards. In all of the spectra obtained in these experiments, each bacterial strain showed a few characteristic high-mass ions which are thought to be derived from bacterial proteins. This work represents the first reported instance of successful bacterial chemotaxonomy by MALDI-TOFMS analysis of whole cells. For the strains tested, the method is rapid and simple. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT CHEM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72204. COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 NR 11 TC 390 Z9 401 U1 10 U2 62 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19960731)10:10<1227::AID-RCM659>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA VB555 UT WOS:A1996VB55500010 PM 8759332 ER PT J AU Doerge, DR Churchwell, MI Rushing, LG Bajic, S AF Doerge, DR Churchwell, MI Rushing, LG Bajic, S TI Confirmation of gentian violet and its metabolite leucogentian violet in catfish muscle using liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MALACHITE GREEN; VISIBLE DETECTION; TISSUE AB Gentian violet (GV) is a triphenylmethane dye antiseptic with potential for illegal use in livestock production, especially aquaculture where the related malachite green has been widely used. This potential misuse has regulatory importance because of the observed rodent carcinogenicity of GV. This report describes the use of online LC-APCI/MS for confirmation of incurred GV residues, and those of its principal metabolite, LGV, in catfish muscle following treatment of live catfish with GV under putative use conditions, LC with APCI/MS detection provided sensitive analysis of GV and LGV with estimated detection limits of <1 pg observed for both compounds. Fragmentation of GV and LGV via in-source CID was effected by varying the sampling cone-skimmer voltage. Ion intensity data were collected using a rapid cone voltage switching procedure that permits selected ion acquisition under optimal conditions for the parent molecule and several selected fragment ions. For GV, four ions including the ionized molecule were used and for LGV, six ions including the protonated molecule were used. The levels of GV and LGV in muscle from fish dosed with 10 mu g/l in aquarium water were determined by LC/VIS to be 0.5 and 44 ppb, respectively, Analysis of these samples yielded ion intensity ratios that agreed precisely between injections (<5%) and accurately with those generated by a comparable amount of authentic GV and LGV (<10% deviation). These results show the utility of on-line LC-APCI/MS to do both sensitive confirmatory analyses of incurred drug residues for use in monitoring the food supply. C1 VG ORGAN,ALTRINCHAM WA14 5RZ,ENGLAND. RP Doerge, DR (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1479 EP 1484 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(199609)10:12<1479::AID-RCM699>3.0.CO;2-S PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA VL484 UT WOS:A1996VL48400009 PM 8885419 ER PT S AU Taffs, R Dragunsky, E Nomura, T Hioki, K Levenbook, I Fitzgerald, E AF Taffs, R Dragunsky, E Nomura, T Hioki, K Levenbook, I Fitzgerald, E BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Importance of experiments in poliovirus-susceptible transgenic mice for evaluating current potency tests of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Taffs, R (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 345 EP 345 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00057 PM 8785985 ER PT J AU Morris, SL Rouse, DA AF Morris, SL Rouse, DA TI The genetics of multiple drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium avium complex SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE; CELL-ENVELOPE; ETHAMBUTOL; WALL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENHANCEMENT; INHIBITION; MUTATIONS; EMERGENCE; STRAINS RP Morris, SL (reprint author), CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB MYCOBACTERIA,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80206-3 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TX855 UT WOS:A1996TX85500011 PM 8761725 ER PT B AU Brynes, SD Weber, NE AF Brynes, SD Weber, NE BE Enne, G Kuiper, HA Valentini, A TI The risk assessment of bound residues of veterinary drugs SO RESIDUES OF VETERINARY DRUGS AND MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS: NEW METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Teleconference on Residues of Veterinary Drugs and Mycotoxins in Animal Products - New Methods for Risk Assessment and Quality Control CY APR 15-AUG 31, 1994 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP Ist L Spallanzani Milan, EU FLAIR Concerted Action No 8 In Vitro Toxicol Studies & Real Time Anal Re, sidues Food, State Inst Qual Control Agr Prod, Wageningen, Danish Meat Res Inst, Roskilde DE bound residues; bioavailability; immunoaffinity C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-74134-27-0 PY 1996 BP 16 EP 24 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BF26Q UT WOS:A1996BF26Q00002 ER PT B AU Carson, MC AF Carson, MC BE Enne, G Kuiper, HA Valentini, A TI Confirmation of multiple tetracycline residues in milk by liquid chromatographyparticle beam mass spectrometry SO RESIDUES OF VETERINARY DRUGS AND MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS: NEW METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Teleconference on Residues of Veterinary Drugs and Mycotoxins in Animal Products - New Methods for Risk Assessment and Quality Control CY APR 15-AUG 31, 1994 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP Ist L Spallanzani Milan, EU FLAIR Concerted Action No 8 In Vitro Toxicol Studies & Real Time Anal Re, sidues Food, State Inst Qual Control Agr Prod, Wageningen, Danish Meat Res Inst, Roskilde DE tetracyclines; milk; confirmation; mass spectrometry C1 US FDA,BARC E,CTR VET MED,OFF SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-74134-27-0 PY 1996 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BF26Q UT WOS:A1996BF26Q00010 ER PT B AU Carson, MC Righter, HF Wagner, DD AF Carson, MC Righter, HF Wagner, DD BE Enne, G Kuiper, HA Valentini, A TI Detection of orally administered oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline in bovine milk by a multiresidue screening assay (Charm II) and by LC SO RESIDUES OF VETERINARY DRUGS AND MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS: NEW METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Teleconference on Residues of Veterinary Drugs and Mycotoxins in Animal Products - New Methods for Risk Assessment and Quality Control CY APR 15-AUG 31, 1994 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP Ist L Spallanzani Milan, EU FLAIR Concerted Action No 8 In Vitro Toxicol Studies & Real Time Anal Re, sidues Food, State Inst Qual Control Agr Prod, Wageningen, Danish Meat Res Inst, Roskilde DE tetracyclines; residues; milk; Charm II test; LC C1 US FDA,BARC E,CTR VET MED,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-74134-27-0 PY 1996 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BF26Q UT WOS:A1996BF26Q00011 ER PT J AU Das, A Pal, M Mena, JG Whalen, W Wolska, K Crossley, R Rees, W vonHippel, PH Costantino, N Court, D Mazzulla, M Altieri, AS Byrd, RA Chattopadhyay, S DeVito, J Ghosh, B AF Das, A Pal, M Mena, JG Whalen, W Wolska, K Crossley, R Rees, W vonHippel, PH Costantino, N Court, D Mazzulla, M Altieri, AS Byrd, RA Chattopadhyay, S DeVito, J Ghosh, B TI Components of multiprotein-RNA complex that controls transcription elongation in Escherichia coli phage lambda SO RNA POLYMERASE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS, PT B SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID N-GENE-PRODUCT; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; ANTITERMINATION PROTEIN; CHAIN ELONGATION; NUSA PROTEIN; HOST FACTOR; TERMINATION; POLYMERASE; INVITRO; CLEAVAGE C1 NCI,MOL VIROL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WARSAW UNIV,INST MICROBIOL,WARSAW 64,POLAND. NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DENVER,CO 80206. UNIV OREGON,DEPT CHEM,INST MOL BIOL,EUGENE,OR 97403. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,LAB CHROMOSOME BIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,MACROMOL NMR SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. MIT,DEPT BIOL,CTR CANC RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB MYCOBACTERIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CSIR,CTR BIOCHEM TECHNOL,DELHI 110007,INDIA. RP Das, A (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,FARMINGTON,CT 06030, USA. RI Ghosh, Balaram/G-1248-2010; Garcia-Mena, Jaime/B-1625-2008; Byrd, R. Andrew/F-8042-2015 OI Garcia-Mena, Jaime/0000-0002-0595-3711; Byrd, R. Andrew/0000-0003-3625-4232 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-74101]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM15792, GM28946] NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1996 VL 274 BP 374 EP 402 PG 29 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BG79B UT WOS:A1996BG79B00030 PM 8902820 ER PT B AU Watkins, WD Burkhardt, W AF Watkins, WD Burkhardt, W BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI New microbiological approaches for assessing and indexing contamination loading in estuaries and marine waters SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab AB Human intrusion on the aquatic environment continues to increase, and with it associated pollutants and contamination, which frequently require assessment, either for abatement or safety purposes. Traditional microbial indicators of contamination-total and fecal coliforms-have poor survival in many of the circumstances encountered in estuarine and marine environments. However, certain pathogenic microorganisms, particularly human enteric viruses, can be viable and present in the absence of bacterial indicators. Also, traditional indicators do not distinguish human from animal fecal contamination. Several recent studies by the United States Food and Drug Administration have employed alternative microbial indicators and methods in attempts to distinguish relative amounts of contamination in estuarine and marine environments. The results from coastal and offshore projects show that sediments, rather than water samples, often provide a more reliable determination of contamination loading, and that certain of these alternative indicators provide a more sensitive indication of such contamination. Comparative findings from estuarine areas receiving contamination from mixed sources, including both treated and untreated wastewater discharges, show that relative contaminant loading is better determined by Clostridium perfringens densities than fecal coliforms. Areas impacted by nonpoint-source pollution, but essentially devoid of human input, were not found to harbor hazardous levels of infectious agents. The utility of alternative indicators is described in these studies. RP Watkins, WD (reprint author), US FDA,OFF SEAFOOD,HFS-407,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 241 EP 263 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00015 ER PT J AU Fisher, BR Heredia, DJ Brown, KM AF Fisher, BR Heredia, DJ Brown, KM TI Heat-induced alterations in embryonic cytoskeletal and stress proteins precede somite malformations in rat embryos SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE heat shock; whole embryo culture; cytoskeletal proteins; vimentin; stress proteins; somites; segmentation; malformation ID SHOCK PROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; ACTIN-FILAMENTS; DEVELOPMENT INVITRO; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; THERMOTOLERANCE; HYPERTHERMIA; FIBROBLASTS; EXPOSURE AB Previous work from this laboratory has demonstrated that heat exposure on gestation day 10 (GD10) resulted in disrupted somite development 24 hr after exposure and subsequent thoracic skeletal malformations in neonates. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of in vitro heat shock on de novo protein synthesis and on cytoskeletal protein levels in developing rat embryos. Explanted GD10 embryos were exposed to temperatures of 42-42.5 degrees C for 15 min. At various times postexposure (0-27 hr), embryos were labeled with S-35-methionine and processed for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation. Transient enhanced de novo synthesis of 70- and 90-kD proteins was observed 1-8 hr after exposure. The 70-kD protein was identified as a eukaryotic stress protein and the presence of this protein was detected between 2 and 27 hr posttreatment. Western blot analysis was used to detect quantitative changes in total actin (microfilaments), tubulin (microtubules), and vimentin (intermediate filaments). Immediately following exposure, a reduction of total vimentin to minimal detectable levels was observed in heat-treated embryos. Levels of total vimentin remained depressed for more than 2 hr and gradually returned to control levels 4-8 hr postexposure. No change in total actin or tubulin was detected in treated embryos. The data demonstrate that heat-induced alterations in proteins comprising intermediate filaments occur concomitantly with the induction of stress proteins and precede aberrant somite morphology. These alterations in embryonic proteins may help elucidate the mechanism(s) by which skeletal malformations are produced. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 BIOCON INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP Fisher, BR (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,DIV LIFE SCI,HLTH SCI BRANCH,HFZ-112,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1996)16:1<49::AID-TCM6>3.0.CO;2-G PG 16 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA UQ786 UT WOS:A1996UQ78600006 PM 8792533 ER PT J AU Schwetz, BA AF Schwetz, BA BE Mansour, SA TI New strategies for evaluation of the carcinogenic activities of chemicals SO THIRD CONGRESS OF TOXICOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, PROCEEDINGS VOL 1: THEME: TOGETHER FOR HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL WELFARE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries - Together for Human and Environmental Welfare CY NOV 19-23, 1995 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP Natl Res Ctr Cairo AB Carcinogenicity testing today normally includes the conduct of two-year studies in rats and mice of both sexes, following widely accepted procedures for husbandry, selection of dose levels, pathology and toxicity observations, and statistical interpretation of tumor data. These studies are usually preceded by tests for genetic toxicity and subchronic toxicity studies to select dose levels for the two-year studies. While these data are used for quantitative risk assessment, the mechanistic basis for effects is usually unknown and the series of studies is very expensive and requires five or more years to conduct. Alternate approaches are being developed that would provide more mechanistic information and would hopefully permit decisions to be made about carcinogenic potential without the need to conduct two-year studies in rats and mice of both sexes. Decisions could be based on a profile or data rather than the result of one test. Procedures for regulatory acceptance of new approaches for carcinogenicity testing must be developed. RP Schwetz, BA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,HFT 1,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH CENTRE CAIRO PI CAIRO PA PROF DR KHAYRIA NAGUIB DOKKI, CAIRO, EGYPT PY 1996 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BH54K UT WOS:A1996BH54K00002 ER PT J AU Hart, RW Turturro, A Duffy, PH Feuers, RJ Lu, MH Leakey, JEA Schwetz, B AF Hart, RW Turturro, A Duffy, PH Feuers, RJ Lu, MH Leakey, JEA Schwetz, B BE Mansour, SA TI The influence of dietary uptake on chemical toxicology SO THIRD CONGRESS OF TOXICOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, PROCEEDINGS VOL 1: THEME: TOGETHER FOR HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL WELFARE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries - Together for Human and Environmental Welfare CY NOV 19-23, 1995 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP Natl Res Ctr Cairo AB Chemical toxicity can be significantly altered by the quantity and quality of dietary intake. A simple reduction in caloric intake in the presence of a nutritious diet has been shown to significantly alter the rats of occurrence of various spontaneous and chemically induced degenerative disease processes. Since reducing individual dietary components (such as protein or fat without reducing the overall caloric intake) is less effective in suppressing neoplasia or increasing longevity than caloric reduction by itself, reduced caloric intake, and not any specific dietary component, appears to be the primary determinant for dietary modification of toxicity. Since dietary intake varies greatly between individuals and cultures, understanding these differences and how they impact upon chemical toxicity is fundamental to the proper calculation of risk. It is critical to incorporate these findings in the evaluation of animal testing and human epidemiological studies in order to adequately evaluate the effects of potentially toxic substances. RP Hart, RW (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH CENTRE CAIRO PI CAIRO PA PROF DR KHAYRIA NAGUIB DOKKI, CAIRO, EGYPT PY 1996 BP 195 EP 206 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BH54K UT WOS:A1996BH54K00014 ER PT S AU Lipicky, RJ Stockbridge, N AF Lipicky, RJ Stockbridge, N CA ABPM Steering Comm BE Portaluppi, F Smolensky, MH TI Defining the regulatory role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring SO TIME-DEPENDENT STRUCTURE AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time-Dependent Structure and Control of Arterial Blood Pressure CY SEP 10-12, 1995 CL FERRARA, ITALY SP New York Acad Sci, Ferrara Ric, Italy, Prov Ferrara, Italy, SAB G Marconi Airport Bologna, Italy, Univ Ferrara, Italy, City Council Ferrara, Italy, Alza Corp, US, Searle, US, Bristol Myers Squibb Pharm Res Inst, US, Smithkline Beecham Pharm, US, Astra Farmaceutici, Italy, Lab Guidotti, Italy, Malesci, Italy, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Italy, Parke Davis, Italy, Pfizer, Italy, Roerig, Italy, Sandoz, Italy, Zeneca, Italy C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Drug Evaluat 1, Div Cardiorenal Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Stockbridge, N (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Drug Evaluat 1, Div Cardiorenal Drug Prod, 5600 Fishers Lane,HFD-110, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-008-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 783 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb26726.x PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BK04E UT WOS:000070968800024 PM 8853652 ER PT J AU Moch, RW Dua, PN Hines, FA AF Moch, RW Dua, PN Hines, FA TI Problems in consideration of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis for regulatory purposes SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatoproliferative lesions; hepatocellular foci; regulatory evaluation; rodents ID B6C3F1 MICE; TUMORS; RATS AB Hepatoproliferative lesions of rodents are frequently reported in petitions containing pathology data from chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies submitted to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition of the Food and Drug Administration. The Pathology Branch of the Office of Scientific Analysis and Support evaluates these data, which are submitted in support of the safe use of food additives, color additives, and other regulated products. Data are reviewed for the adequacy of the information provided, the terminology used to describe the reported lesions, and the overall scientific rationale used in interpreting the biological significance of the observed lesions. When questions arise during the review process, additional data, information, or clarification are sought from the petitioner. Microslides may be requested from the petitioner so that an independent evaluation of the lesions may be conducted. Several examples of recent evaluations of hepatoproliferative lesions are presented to illustrate some of the problems encountered during the review process and to demonstrate the procedures and approaches used in the evaluation of hepatocellular lesions within the center. RP Moch, RW (reprint author), US FDA,PATHOL BRANCH,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFS 716,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA TX633 UT WOS:A1996TX63300018 PM 8839291 ER PT J AU Collins, TFX Black, TN Rorie, JI Sprando, RL Ruggles, DI AF Collins, TFX Black, TN Rorie, JI Sprando, RL Ruggles, DI TI Developmental toxicity of orange B when given to rats by gavage SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Orange B; developmental toxicity AB The pyrazolone dye Orange B was given by gavage to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats throughout gestation. Dose levels of 0, 15, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 700 mg/kg body weight were given daily. On gestation day 20, the females were killed and cesarean sections were performed Feed consumption and maternal weight gain were not affected. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No compound-related effects were seen in sternebral development. No dose-related effect was seen in the incidence of skeletal variations in fetuses or in the number of litters containing fetuses with skeletal variations. Skeletal development, as measured by the average number of ossified vertebrae, was similar in all groups. No compound-related effects were seen in soft-tissue development. RP Collins, TFX (reprint author), US FDA,TOXICOL EFFECTS RES,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HSF-507,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA UL031 UT WOS:A1996UL03100002 PM 8713713 ER PT S AU McMurray, DN Collins, FM Dannenberg, AM Smith, DW AF McMurray, DN Collins, FM Dannenberg, AM Smith, DW BE Shinnick, TM TI Pathogenesis of experimental tuberculosis in animal models SO TUBERCULOSIS SE Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology LA English DT Review ID EXPERIMENTAL AIRBORNE TUBERCULOSIS; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; GUINEA-PIG MODEL; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; RESPIRATORY ROUTE; TUBERCLE-BACILLI; DIETARY-PROTEIN C1 US FDA, MYCOBACTERIOL LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP McMurray, DN (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV, CTR HLTH SCI, DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 106 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X BN 3-540-60985-7 J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1996 VL 215 BP 157 EP 179 PG 23 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BJ59G UT WOS:A1996BJ59G00007 PM 8791713 ER PT S AU Banerjee-Bhatnagar, N Bolt, CR Williams, JC AF Banerjee-Bhatnagar, N Bolt, CR Williams, JC BE Camus, E House, JA Uilenberg, G TI Pore-forming activity of Coxiella burnetii outer membrane protein oligomer comprised of 29.5- and 31-kDa polypeptides - Inhibition of porin activity by monoclonal antibodies 4E8 and 4D6 SO VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TROPICAL ANIMAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vector-Borne Pathogens - Challenges for the 21st-Century and International Trade and Animal Diseases / 3rd Meeting of Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 08-12, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Bayer AG, UN FA0, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Mallinckrodt Vet Inc, Pfizer Inc Anim Hlth, Rhone Merieux, USDA, Animal & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Int Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; RECEPTOR PROTEIN; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; BACTERIAL; CHANNELS; CELLS; PH; ANTIGENS; ENVELOPE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Pathogenesis & Immunol Branch, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. US FDA, Off Vaccine Res & Review, Div Bacterial Prod, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US FDA, Off Vaccine Res & Review, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Williams, JC (reprint author), Connaught Labs Inc, Regulatory Affairs Dept, Route 611,POB 187, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-955-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 791 BP 378 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53545.x PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BK04D UT WOS:000070968700040 PM 8784519 ER PT S AU Sundlof, SF Cooper, J AF Sundlof, SF Cooper, J BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Human health risks associated with drug residues in animal-derived foods SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; VETERINARY-MEDICINE AB Adulteration of the food supply by agricultural chemicals has gained national attention as a potential health hazard. This paper examines the risk to human health from consumption of drug residues in animal-derived foods. In particular, it focuses on antimicrobial residues and residues of natural and synthetic hormones used to enhance the growth of livestock. In addition, it discusses the issue of bacterial resistance and the effects on human health from the use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock. RP Sundlof, SF (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,7500 STANDISH PL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 5 EP 17 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00002 ER PT S AU ORangers, JJ Berkowitz, DB AF ORangers, JJ Berkowitz, DB BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Evaluation of analytical methods within a context of use SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB There is no such thing as a ''good method'' or a ''bad method'' because methods must be evaluated for a particular purpose. A method which is ideal for one purpose may be totally inadequate for another. Thus, to ask if a method is good is to ask only half of a question; one must ask if it is good for a particular purpose. Methods must be evaluated within a context of use. Good methods frequently evolve in a context of use, and are developed for a particular purpose. The USDA STOP TEST was designed for the rapid determination of antibiotics in meat. A sterile cotton swab is exposed to tissue fluids and placed on a petri plate seeded with bacteria sensitive to several antibiotics. If the animal fluids contain antibiotics, a zone of inhibition is seen around the cotton swab. The test is based on well-known principles, and is simple, inexpensive, portable, and sensitive. As a screening test it is excellent, but as a confirmatory test legal action it would be totally unsuitable, because the cause of the inhibition is not identified; it could be from an antibiotic residue or from an elevated serum component of the animal. The suitability of the test must rest on the context of its use. C1 US FDA, CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. RP ORangers, JJ (reprint author), US FDA, CTR VET MED, 7500 STANDISH PL, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 636 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00005 ER PT S AU Carson, MC Chu, PS vonBredow, J AF Carson, MC Chu, PS vonBredow, J BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Toward a regulatory method: Comparison and validation of multiresidue procedures for determination of beta-lactam antibiotics in milk SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB Intramammary infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics is often used to treat mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. Failure to follow label guidelines for dosage or milk discard time may result in residues of these drugs (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin and penicillin G) entering the raw milk bulk tank. Under the U.S. Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, industry must now monitor each milk tanker for the presence of beta-lactams prior to accepting the milk for processing. Several screening tests are currently accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in this program. Screening tests are designed to pass safe milk; a negative result indicates that the milk contains no unsafe residues of the drugs the test detects. By themselves, screening tests generally do not meet FDA criteria for a regulatory method. Use of a regulatory determinative procedure adds certainty that milk testing positive by a screening test contains violative drug residues. We conducted a laboratory evaluation of several determinative procedures developed by other laboratories for their suitability as part of a regulatory method. The criteria the procedures were evaluated against include: 1) number of residues detected at their tolerance/safe levels; 2) accuracy; 3) precision; 4) ruggedness; and 5) practicability. The procedures studied include: 1) a 2-dimensional liquid chromatographic (LC) assay developed by W.A. Moats; 2) a liquid-liquid extraction procedure employing diazomethane derivatization followed by capillary gas chromatography developed in the lab of M. Petz; 3) a ''receptorgram'' assay developed by Charm Sciences, Inc.; and 4) an LC procedure using pre-column derivatization with triazole/HgCl2 developed by J. Boison. A comparison of these procedures and our validation results will be presented. RP Carson, MC (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,BARC-E,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 108 EP 120 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00012 ER PT S AU Shaikh, B AF Shaikh, B BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Determination of diuretic drugs used in food-producing animals SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SCREENING-PROCEDURE; URINE; FUROSEMIDE; ASSAY AB Thiazide diuretics (chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, and trichlormethiazide) and a loop diuretic (furosemide) are used in dairy cattle for the treatment of post-parturient edema of the mammary gland and associated structures. The potential misuse of these diuretic drugs in the cattle may lead to harmful residue concentrations in meat and milk destined for human consumption. Therefore, analytical methods which are sufficiently sensitive to monitor residue concentration levels remain an urgent need for these diuretics. This article reviews various research approaches described in the literature for the extraction, isolation, and quantitation of diuretics in biological matrices with emphasis on the liquid chromatographic determinative procedures. RP Shaikh, B (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,BARC-E,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00017 ER PT S AU Roybal, JE Pfenning, AP Turnipseed, SB Hurlbut, JA Long, AR AF Roybal, JE Pfenning, AP Turnipseed, SB Hurlbut, JA Long, AR BE Moats, WA Medina, MB TI Dye residues in foods of animal origin SO VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Drug Residues - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN-VIOLET; LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; METHYLENE-BLUE; CHICKEN FAT; DEMETHYLATED METABOLITES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Dyes are used for numerous purposes, including animal husbandry and aquaculture. Food destined for human consumption could contain residues of these compounds and unnecessary exposure to dye residues has the potential for human health hazards. This chapter examines methodology used to detect and identify several commonly used dye, their residues and metabolites. Discussion focuses on matrices and methods used and developed in our laboratory as well as work of other investigators. The metabolism, analysis and confirmation of Gentian Violet (GV), Malachite Green(MG) and Methylene Blue(MB) by HPLC, LC/MS and GC/MS are covered. Some information generated in our laboratory includes: GV metabolized in chickens, yielding demethylated and reduced products. Analysis of GV-incurred chicken tissue, 3hr post-dosing, revealing 20-105ppb GV total residues. Chicken fat yielding 49.3ppb of Leucogentian Violet (LGV), the main metabolite. Analysis of MG-incurred catfish, 24hr post-dosing, produced average residues of 289ppb Leucomalachite Green(LMG), as the predominant metabolite. MB in milk was metabolized to the completely demethylated product, Thionin, 26.6ppb, 72hr post-dosing. RP Roybal, JE (reprint author), US FDA,DENVER FED CTR,ANIM DRUGS RES CTR,POB 25087,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3419-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 636 BP 169 EP 183 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Veterinary Sciences GA BG65M UT WOS:A1996BG65M00018 ER PT S AU Seamon, K AF Seamon, K BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Viral safety and evaluation of viral clearance from biopharmaceutical products: Goals of the meeting SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off RP Seamon, K (reprint author), US FDA,CBER,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,HFM-20,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00001 ER PT S AU Hewlett, IK AF Hewlett, IK BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Introduction to the issues: Assays for screening contamination SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE adventitious viruses; contamination; screening assays RP Hewlett, IK (reprint author), US FDA,MOL VIROL LAB,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,CBER,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00007 PM 9119157 ER PT S AU Khan, AS AF Khan, AS BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Retrovirus screening of vaccine cell substrates SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE retrovirus screening of vaccine cell substrates ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AKR MICE; VIRUSES; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PRIMATE; RNAS AB A strategy for the detection of low levels of infectious retroviruses in vaccine cell substrates is outlined. This strategy involves amplification of possible viral contaminants in cell substrates by co-cultivation of the Cell Bank, with or without prior induction, with potentially susceptible cells followed by extended culturing and subsequent retrovirus testing using general and specific detection assays. in some cases, the virus seed may need to be examined by direct infection and extended culturing of cells that can support the replication of potential retroviral contaminants. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), US FDA,CBER,OFF VACCINES RES & REVIEW,DIV VIRAL PROD,LAB RETROVIRUS RES,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20852, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00025 PM 9119131 ER PT S AU Yu, MW AF Yu, MW BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Follow-up studies of hepatitis C association with an intravenous immunoglobulin SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE hepatitis C virus; immunoglobulin RP Yu, MW (reprint author), US FDA,CBER,OFF BLOOD RES & REVIEW,DIV HEMATOL,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BLDG N29,RM 305,HFM 345,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00032 PM 9119139 ER PT S AU Hellman, KB Honstead, JP Vincent, CK AF Hellman, KB Honstead, JP Vincent, CK BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Adventitious agents from animal-derived raw materials and production systems SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE transmission; adventitious agents; TSE C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP Hellman, KB (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00035 PM 9119142 ER PT S AU Honstead, JP AF Honstead, JP BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Zoonotic agent consideration in xenotransplants - Comment SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE xenotransplants; zoonotic agents; TSE, BSE RP Honstead, JP (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,DIV ANIM FEEDS,7500 STANDISH PL,HFV 222,MPN 2,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 235 EP 236 PG 2 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00036 PM 9119143 ER PT S AU Hellman, K Vincent, C Honstead, J Rohwer, R DeLustro, F Detwiler, L Egan, M Foster, L Gill, P Kozak, P Robinson, M Wright, G Ziomek, C AF Hellman, K Vincent, C Honstead, J Rohwer, R DeLustro, F Detwiler, L Egan, M Foster, L Gill, P Kozak, P Robinson, M Wright, G Ziomek, C BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Summary to breakout session F SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off C1 US FDA,CDER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. COLLAGEN CORP,PALO ALTO,CA. USDA,APHIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,ADRU,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Hellman, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,5600 FISHERS LANE,HFZ-113,TRL 40E,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00045 ER PT S AU Stein, K Martin, P Bander, N Eck, S Hughes, J Morgan, E Schlesinger, H Wilson, C Weiner, G AF Stein, K Martin, P Bander, N Eck, S Hughes, J Morgan, E Schlesinger, H Wilson, C Weiner, G BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Summary to breakout session G SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off C1 FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. US FDA,CDER,OTRR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP Stein, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,HFM 555,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00047 ER PT S AU Trent, DW AF Trent, DW BE Brown, F Lubiniecki, A TI Future directions for ensuring viral safety of biopharmaceuticals SO VIRAL SAFETY AND EVALUATION OF VIRAL CLEARANCE FROM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Viral Safety and Evaluation of Viral Clearance from Biopharmaceutical Products Conference CY JUN 14-16, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, NIAID, USDA, Natl Vaccine Program Off DE viral safety; biopharmaceuticals RP Trent, DW (reprint author), US FDA,CDER,DIV VIRAL PROD,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,HFM 445,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6391-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 88 BP 333 EP 335 PG 3 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG86U UT WOS:A1996BG86U00052 PM 9119159 ER PT J AU Soriano, V Gutierrez, M Heredia, A Bravo, R Aguilera, O Mas, A Hewlett, I Baquero, M GonzalezLahoz, J AF Soriano, V Gutierrez, M Heredia, A Bravo, R Aguilera, O Mas, A Hewlett, I Baquero, M GonzalezLahoz, J TI Serial dilutions on synthetic peptide-based assays can resolve dual seroreactivity to HIV-1 and HIV-2 SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Letter C1 INST SALUD CARLOS III,INFECT DIS SERV,CTR INVEST CLIN,MADRID,SPAIN. US FDA,MOLEC VIROL LAB,BETHESDA,MD. RI Mas, Antonio/F-2505-2011 OI Mas, Antonio/0000-0003-2563-570X NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1996 VL 71 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 DI 10.1046/j.1423-0410.1996.7110067.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA UX487 UT WOS:A1996UX48700016 PM 8837364 ER PT J AU Brown, RT Ades, IZ Nordan, RP AF Brown, RT Ades, IZ Nordan, RP TI An acute phase response factor NF-kappa B site downstream of the junB gene that mediates responsiveness to interleukin-6 in a murine plasmacytoma SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID C-FOS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; GROWTH-FACTORS; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; COOPERATE; PROMOTER AB The immediate early gene, junB, is induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasmacytomas. In order to identify enhancers that mediate this effect, we cloned upstream and downstream sequences flanking the gene into a luciferase reporter gene vector containing the junB promoter and evaluated the IL-6 inducibility of these se quences by transient expression in an IL-6 dependent plasmacytoma cell line, Although a 6.5 kilobase fragment of upstream flanking sequence did not increase the IL-6 inducibility of the junB promoter, a 222-base pair fragment was identified in 2.1 kilobases of down stream flanking sequence that both up regulates the promoter and confers inducibility by IL-6. Point mutation of an acute phase response factor (APRF) site within this region significantly reduced up-regulation of the promoter in cells grown continuously in IL-6, as well as inducibility upon restimulation of cells with IL-6 after withdrawal from the growth factor. Point mutation of an NF-kappa B site sharing five nucleotides with the APRF site reduced up-regulation of the promoter but not inducibility by IL-6, whereas mutation of two other NF-kappa B sites in the 222-base pair fragment had no effect on expression. Western blotting of nuclear proteins purified by DNA affinity chromatography revealed inducible binding of Stat3 and constitutive binding of NF-kappa B p65 to the APRF/NF-kappa B site. C1 CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 52 BP 31129 EP 31135 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TN444 UT WOS:A1995TN44400043 PM 8537375 ER PT J AU Kodell, RL Ahn, H Chen, JJ Springer, JA Barton, CN Hertzberg, RC AF Kodell, RL Ahn, H Chen, JJ Springer, JA Barton, CN Hertzberg, RC TI Upper bound risk estimates for mixtures of carcinogens SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additivity; bootstrap; conservatism; likelihood ratio; Monte Carlo; multistage model AB The excess cancer risk that might result from exposure to a mixture of chemical carcinogens usually is estimated with data from experiments conducted on individual chemicals. An upper bound on the total excess risk is estimated commonly by summing individual upper bound risk estimates. The degree to which this approach might overstate the true risk associated with the mixture has not been evaluated previously. This paper reports the-results of a Monte Carlo simulation study on the degree of reduction in conservatism that might be achieved using alternative methods for calculating mixture upper bounds. An unexpected finding is that for chemicals that exhibit strongly linear dose-response relationships, the summing of multistage-model-based upper bounds on excess risk can be anti-conservative, that is, it can provide less than the nominal 100(1 - alpha)% coverage. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP Kodell, RL (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,BIOMETRY BRANCH,HFT-20,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 28 PY 1995 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(95)03213-Y PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TQ614 UT WOS:A1995TQ61400011 PM 8571357 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, S AF NIGHTINGALE, S TI NEW INFORMATION SHEETS FOR IRBS AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATORS AVAILABLE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, S (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 24 BP 1903 EP 1903 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TL169 UT WOS:A1995TL16900009 PM 8568972 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI CHLORZOXAZONE WARNING ON HEPATOTOXICITY IS STRENGTHENED SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 24 BP 1903 EP 1903 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TL169 UT WOS:A1995TL16900012 PM 8568972 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON PRESCRIPTION DRUG INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 24 BP 1903 EP 1903 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TL169 UT WOS:A1995TL16900010 PM 8568972 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI FDA ON THE INTERNET SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 24 BP 1903 EP 1903 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TL169 UT WOS:A1995TL16900011 PM 8568972 ER PT J AU Murata, T Noguchi, PD Puri, RK AF Murata, T Noguchi, PD Puri, RK TI Receptors for interleukin (IL)-4 do not associate with the common gamma chain, and IL-4 induces the phosphorylation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase in human colon carcinoma cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HIGH-AFFINITY; FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; B-CELLS; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; DISTINCT AB We have previously reported on the expression of interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R) on many human epithelial cancer cells; however, the binding characteristics, structure, function, and signal transduction through the IL-4R in cancer cells is not known. IL-4 binding characteristics were determined in human colon carcinoma cell lines by a I-125-IL-4 binding assay, which demonstrated that the HT-29 and WiDr colon cancer cell lines expressed high affinity IL-4R (K-d = 200 pm). Cross-linking experiments revealed a major band of 140 kDa and a broad band at 70 kDa, While the common gamma chain of IL-2R is associated with IL-4R in immune cells and is similar in size to the 70-kDa protein, this chain was not expressed in these colon cancer cells. Interestingly, IL-13, which has many functions similar to IL-4, inhibited I-125-IL-4 binding to both the 140- and 70-kDa molecules. Next, we investigated the mechanism of IL-4-induced signal transduction in colon cancer cells. After stimulation with IL-4, a 170-kDa band was primarily phosphorylated within 1 min of exposure and was identified as insulin receptor substrate-1. In addition, by immunoprecipitation assay, three other phosphorylated bands were identified as JAK1, JAK2, and Tyk2 tyrosine kinases. The phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK2 was induced by IL-4 stimulation; however, Tyk2 was constitutively phosphorylated, and IL-4 treatment further augmented this phosphorylation. The kinetics and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that JAK1, JAK2, and Tyk2 were phosphorylated within minutes and that JAK1 and JAK2 were activated after IL-4 exposure. Contrary to observations in immune cells, JAK3 mRNA was neither detected in colon cancer cells nor did IL-4 treatment cause phosphorylation of JAK3. These data indicate that in colon carcinoma cells JAK1, JAK2, Tyk2, and insulin receptor substrate-1 are phosphorylated after IL-4 stimulation. In addition, as is the case in lymphoid cells, IL-4 activated and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription (IL-4-STAT or STAT-6) protein in both colon cancer cell lines. These results indicate that the IL-4R complex is composed of different subunits in different tissues and shares a component with the IL-13R complex. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that like its family members (e.g. IL-3 and GM-CSF), IL-4 can phosphorylate and activate JAK-2 kinase. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPY,MOLEC TUMOR BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 60 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 51 BP 30829 EP 30836 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TL675 UT WOS:A1995TL67500092 PM 8530527 ER PT J AU Hu, BL Zhang, YH AF Hu, BL Zhang, YH TI Uncertainty relation for a quantum open system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED DECOHERENCE; BROWNIAN-MOTION; WAVE PACKET; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; CLASSICAL EQUATIONS; HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; GENERAL ENVIRONMENT; INTEGRAL APPROACH; MECHANICS; HISTORIES AB We derive the uncertainty relation for a quantum open system consisting of a Brownian particle interacting with a bath of quantum oscillators at finite temperature. We examine how the quantum and thermal fluctuations of the environment contribute to the uncertainty in the canonical variables of the system. We show that upon contact with the bath (assumed to be ohmic in this paper) the system evolves from a quantum-dominated state to a thermal-dominated state in a time which is the same as the decoherence time in similar models in the discussion of quantum to classical transition. This offers some insight into the physical mechanisms involved in the environment-induced decoherence process. We obtain closed analytic expressions for this generalized uncertainty relation under the conditions of high temperature and weak damping, separately. We also consider under these conditions an arbitrarily squeezed initial state and show how the squeeze parameter enters in the generalized uncertainty relation. Using these results we examine the transition of the system from a quantum pure state to a nonequilibrium quantum statistical state and to an equilibrium quantum statistical state. The three stages are marked by the decoherence time and the relaxation time, respectively. With these observations we explicate the physical conditions under which the two basic postulates of quantum statistical mechanics become valid. We also comment on the inappropriate usage of the word ''classicality'' in many decoherence studies of quantum to classical transition. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20982. RP Hu, BL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 47 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 31 BP 4537 EP 4561 DI 10.1142/S0217751X95002102 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TM372 UT WOS:A1995TM37200006 ER PT J AU Tjandra, N Feller, SE Pastor, RW Bax, A AF Tjandra, N Feller, SE Pastor, RW Bax, A TI Rotational diffusion anisotropy of human ubiquitin from N-15 NMR relaxation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL-FREE APPROACH; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; CROSS-CORRELATION; PROTEINS; MACROMOLECULES; SIMULATIONS; DIPOLAR; TIMES AB . Longitudinal and transverse N-15 NMR relaxation times in human ubiquitin have been measured at 600-MHz H-1 frequency with a reproducibility of better than 1%. Two independent measurements of the N-15-{H-1} NOE indicate a random error of ca. 0.01, and no values were larger than the theoretical maximum. The relaxation data are incompatible with isotropic rotational diffusion but agree well with an axially symmetric rotational diffusion tensor with a diffusion anisotropy, D-parallel to/D-perpendicular to Of 1.17 There is no statistically significant further improvement in the fit between the experimental data and those predicted by a fully asymmetric diffusion tensor, confirming that the rotational diffusion tensor of ubiquitin is axially symmetric within experimental uncertainty. The relative ratio of the principal components of the inertia tensor calculated from the X-ray structure is 1.00:0.90:0.64, and the axis with the smallest inertia component makes an angle of 11 degrees with the unique axis of the experimentally determined diffusion tenser. Hydrodynamic calculations agree well with experimental results, provided half a shell of bound water is included and flexibility of the C-terminal residues is accounted for either by omitting them from the calculations or by using conformations for these residues obtained from a Langevin dynamics simulation. C1 NIDDKD,CHEM PHYS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 34 TC 604 Z9 605 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 50 BP 12562 EP 12566 DI 10.1021/ja00155a020 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TL733 UT WOS:A1995TL73300020 ER PT J AU Cavagnaro, JA AF Cavagnaro, JA TI Immunotoxicity assessment of biotechnology products: A regulatory point of view SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE immunotoxicity assessment; biotechnology-derived products; safety evaluation RP Cavagnaro, JA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF DIRECTOR,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,HFM-2,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 105 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(95)03121-U PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TR061 UT WOS:A1995TR06100001 PM 8638281 ER PT J AU ZHANG, YH FELLER, SE BROOKS, BR PASTOR, RW AF ZHANG, YH FELLER, SE BROOKS, BR PASTOR, RW TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES .1. THEORY AND APPLICATION TO OCTANE/WATER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; WATER-INTERFACE; ION; EQUILIBRIUM; SURFACES AB Statistical ensembles for simulating liquid interfaces at constant pressure and/or surface tension are examined, and equations of motion for molecular dynamics are obtained by various extensions of the Andersen extended system approach. Valid ensembles include: constant normal pressure and surface area; constant tangential pressure and length normal to the interface; constant volume and surface tension; and constant normal pressure and surface tension. Simulations at 293 K and 1 atm normal pressure show consistent results with each other and with a simulation carried out at constant volume and energy. Calculated surface tensions for octane/water (61.5 dyn/cm), octane/vacuum (20.4 dyn/cm) and water/vacuum (70.2 dyn/cm) are in very good agreement with experiment (51.6, 21.7, and 72.8 dyn/cm, respectively). The practical consequences of simulating with two other approaches commonly used for isotropic systems are demonstrated on octane/water: applying equal normal and tangential pressures leads to an instability; and applying a constant isotropic pressure of 1 atm leads to a large positive normal pressure. Both results are expected for a system of nonzero surface tension. Mass density and water polarization profiles in the liquid/liquid and liquid/vapor interfaces are also compared. C1 NIH,DIV COMP RES & TECHNOL,STRUCT BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP ZHANG, YH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 59 TC 230 Z9 234 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10252 EP 10266 DI 10.1063/1.469927 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400039 ER PT J AU FELLER, SE ZHANG, YH PASTOR, RW AF FELLER, SE ZHANG, YH PASTOR, RW TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES .2. SURFACE-TENSION AREA DEPENDENCE OF A BILAYER AND MONOLAYER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIPID BILAYER; PHASES; WATER AB A constant normal pressure-surface tension algorithm for molecular dynamics simulation, developed in the preceding paper, was used to laterally expand and compress the surface area of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer. Then, from simulations carried out at constant normal pressure and surface area, values of the surface tension and other thermodynamic variables such as the internal energy and system volume were determined at four different values of the surface area per lipid, 60.0, 65.1, 68.1, and 72.1 Angstrom(2). The surface tension shows dramatic variations with area, going from 6 to 60 dyn/cm at areas per molecule of 65.1 and 68.1 Angstrom(2), respectively. An approximate thermodynamic analysis indicates that an area of 68.1 Angstrom(2)/lipid is the closest of the four to the free energy minimum for this system, in agreement with experimental measurements. The effect of surface area changes on the calculated deuterium order parameters, which can be compared with those obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, is found to be quite large. Additionally, simulations of lipid monolayers were performed at the same surface areas and, though the dependence of the surface tension with area shows qualitative agreement with experiment, the simulation results are more sensitive to area changes than is observed experimentally. The variation in surface tension with area is much greater for the bilayer than the monolayer, suggesting that monolayers are a good model of bilayers only in a narrow range of surface areas. RP FELLER, SE (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 39 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10267 EP 10276 DI 10.1063/1.469928 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400040 ER PT J AU FIELDS, BA OBER, B MALCHIODI, EL LEBEDEVA, MI BRADEN, BC YSERN, X KIM, JK SHAO, XG WARD, ES MARIUZZA, RA AF FIELDS, BA OBER, B MALCHIODI, EL LEBEDEVA, MI BRADEN, BC YSERN, X KIM, JK SHAO, XG WARD, ES MARIUZZA, RA TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF THE V-ALPHA DOMAIN OF A T-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; VARIABLE PORTIONS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION; CLONES; REI AB The crystal structure of the V-alpha domain of a T cell antigen receptor (TCR) was determined at a resolution of 2.2 angstroms. This structure represents an immunoglobulin topology set different from those previously described. A switch in a polypeptide strand from one beta sheet to the other enables a pair of V-alpha homodimers to pack together to form a tetramer, such that the homodimers are parallel to each other and all hypervariable loops face in one direction. On the basis of the observed mode of V-alpha association, a model of an (alpha beta)(2) TCR tetramer can be positioned relative to the major histocompatibility complex class II (alpha beta)(2) tetramer with the third hypervariable loop of V-alpha over the amino-terminal portion of the antigenic peptide and the corresponding loop of V-beta over its carboxyl-terminal residues. TCR dimerization that is mediated by the alpha chain may contribute to the coupling of antigen recognition to signal transduction during T cell activation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,CTR CANC IMMUNOBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012 OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31592]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM52801] NR 35 TC 169 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5243 BP 1821 EP 1824 DI 10.1126/science.270.5243.1821 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TK476 UT WOS:A1995TK47600046 PM 8525376 ER PT J AU Weghorst, CM Buzard, GS Calvert, RJ Hulla, JE Rice, JM AF Weghorst, CM Buzard, GS Calvert, RJ Hulla, JE Rice, JM TI Cloning and sequence of a processed p53 pseudogene from rat: A potential source of false 'mutations' in PCR fragments of tumor DNA SO GENE LA English DT Article DE F344; exon-based primer; cDNA-like; mutational hot spot; PCR co-amplification ID SUPPRESSOR GENE; EVOLUTION AB We describe here the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a p53 processed pseudogene (psi-gene) from the normal F344 rat genome. Exon-derived primers were utilized to amplify and clone a 1447-bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product corresponding to the coding regions of exons 2-11 of the functional gene, This psi-gene is a cDNA-like sequence possessing 87% homology with the functional rat p53. We have also partially characterized two additional and distinctly different putative rat p53 psi-genes, focussing on the sequences surrounding the reported rat p53 mutational hot spots of codons 202(R) and 211(R) within exon 6/7, Each of these three psi-gene sequences contained various single- and/or double-nt substitutions, small deletions and insertions that distinguish them from p53, One substitution, 211(R) CGG-->CAG, found both in the cloned psi-gene and in one of the partially characterized, putative psi-genes, corresponded precisely with the sequence that has been reported as a mutation at one of the hot spots. Co-amplification of one or more of the p53 psi-genes with portions of the functional p53 is likely, if exon-based primers are utilized for PCR amplification of rat p53. Consequently, psi-gene sequences are potential sources of sequence variations that can be misidentified as somatic cell mutations by direct sequencing of inappropriately generated PCR products. C1 NCI, COMPARAT CARCINOGENESIS LAB, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. NCI, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR, SAIC FREDERICK, BIOL CARCINOGENESIS & DEV PROGRAM, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. US FDA, OFF SPECIAL NUTR, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC BIOL SECT, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 12 PY 1995 VL 166 IS 2 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00629-X PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TL600 UT WOS:A1995TL60000023 PM 8543183 ER PT J AU SCREMIN, CL BOAL, JH WILK, A PHILLIPS, LR ZHOU, L BEAUCAGE, SL AF SCREMIN, CL BOAL, JH WILK, A PHILLIPS, LR ZHOU, L BEAUCAGE, SL TI 1-(2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-ERYTHRO-PENTOFURANOSYL)-2-(THYMIN-1-YL)ETHANE AND 1-(2-DEOXY-BETA-D-ERYTHRO-PENTOFURANOSYL)-2-(THYMIN-1-YL)ETHANE DERIVATIVES AS CONFORMATIONAL PROBES FOR ALTDNA OLIGONUCLEOTIDES SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The novel deoxyribonucleoside analogues 1a,b have been synthesized in a straightforward manner from 2-deoxy-D-ribose. These modified nucleosides have also been converted to the phosphoramidite derivatives 13a,b and 14a,b for potential incorporation into oligodeoxyribonucleotides according to defined internucleotidic motifs. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV ALLERGEN PROD & PARASITOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,DEV THERAPEUT PROGRAM,PHARMACEUT CHEM LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 36 IS 49 BP 8953 EP 8956 DI 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01932-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA TH701 UT WOS:A1995TH70100014 ER PT J AU Vallejo, A Bravo, R Heredia, A Soriano, V Dronda, F Hewlett, IK AF Vallejo, A Bravo, R Heredia, A Soriano, V Dronda, F Hewlett, IK TI Sequence analysis of the V1/V2 and V3 domains in an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,CBER,MOLEC VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,DEPT INFECT DIS,E-28029 MADRID,SPAIN. HOSP GEN PENITENCIARIO,DEPT MICROBIOL,MADRID,SPAIN. RI Vallejo, Alejandro/I-5881-2015 OI Vallejo, Alejandro/0000-0001-5360-878X NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1539 EP 1541 DI 10.1089/aid.1995.11.1539 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA TM191 UT WOS:A1995TM19100016 PM 8679300 ER PT J AU RHEINSTEIN, PH MCGINNIS, TJ NIGHTINGALE, SL AF RHEINSTEIN, PH MCGINNIS, TJ NIGHTINGALE, SL TI THE PATIENT INFORMATION AND EDUCATION INITIATIVE SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP RHEINSTEIN, PH (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD DEC PY 1995 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2377 EP & PG 0 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TJ058 UT WOS:A1995TJ05800025 PM 7484726 ER PT J AU VOLPE, DA COLE, K SANDEEN, MA KOHN, EC AF VOLPE, DA COLE, K SANDEEN, MA KOHN, EC TI IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO MYELOTOXICITY OF CAI TO HUMAN AND MURINE HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CFU-GM; BFU-E; COMPARATIVE ID CALCIUM; L651582; AGENT AB Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), an agent that targets calcium-sensitive signal transduction pathways, has both antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties, The objective of this study was to evaluate the myelotoxicity of CAI to normal human and murine hematopoietic cells, In vitro toxicity of CAI was determined by inhibition of myeloid [colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-Sm)] and erythroid [burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-e)] colony formation in clonal assays, The effects of oral CAI on CD2F1 mouse marrow and splenic cellularity, marrow progenitor content, and peripheral blood cell counts were assessed in relation to plasma CAI levels, In vitro, CAI caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of CFU-gm and BFU-e colonies following continuous drug exposure, Murine CFU-gm and BFU-e were inhibited > 90% by in and 15 mu g/mL CAI, respectively, However, suppression of human CFU-Sm and BFU-e did not exceed 65% at the same concentrations, In vivo, CAI reduced the number of CFU-Sm and BFU-e per femur after the initial dose and through day 4, Variations in colony inhibition paralleled changes in CAI plasma concentrations, While colony inhibition increased in vitro with escalating drug concentrations, this was not observed in vivo with additional CAI doses, The low toxicity of CAI in vivo combined with the significant difference between toxicity for human and mouse progenitors in vitro suggests a relatively low adverse potential to the bone marrow for this new signal transduction inhibitory agent. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI,PATHOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP VOLPE, DA (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,ROOM 2009,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. RI Cole, Kristina/M-3922-2015 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 50 IS 4 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830500409 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TF794 UT WOS:A1995TF79400008 PM 7485102 ER PT J AU BROWN, ML HOUN, F SICKLES, EA KESSLER, LG AF BROWN, ML HOUN, F SICKLES, EA KESSLER, LG TI SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY IN COMMUNITY PRACTICE - POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF ABNORMAL FINDINGS AND YIELD OF FOLLOW-UP DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL AUDIT; BREAST-CANCER; LESIONS; PROGRAM AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to gather from 50 community mammography practices that were included in the National Survey of Mammography Facilities data concerning abnormal findings on screening mammograms to determine the frequency of various recommendations made for patients who had abnormal findings and to compare these recommendations with the frequency with which the procedures were actually performed. We also determined the positive predictive value of screening mammograms (the number of cancers detected per 100 abnormal findings) and the yield (the number of cancers detected per 100 procedures done) of various diagnostic procedures done because of abnormal findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS, We identified 1717 screening mammograms done in the last half of 1991 that had abnormal findings, Radiologic recommendations and follow-up procedures, including repeat standard (screening) mammography, additional mammographic views, sonography, clinical breast examination, needle aspiration, needle biopsy, and open biopsy, were identified for all of the cases from the radiologic records, and follow-up data were obtained from referring physicians. The positive predictive value and yield in the National Survey of Mammography Facilities were compared with data from the mammography screening practice of the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), a facility noted for its clinical efficiency. RESULTS. We estimate that 11% of all screening mammograms resulted in a recommendation for further diagnostic procedures. These 1717 mammograms with abnormal findings led to the following recommendations and procedures: repeat standard (screening) mammography, 610 (recommended)/635 (performed); additional mammographic views, 785/707; sonography, 400/345; biopsy, 189/229; and needle aspiration, 21/51. More procedures were done than were recommended in some cases because the results of certain procedures often led to the performance of other, additional procedures. The positive predictive value for screening examinations with abnormal findings was 3.5%, and the yield for open biopsy was 21%. In the UCSF data base, the positive predictive value for examinations with abnormal findings was 10%, and the yield for open biopsy was 34%. CONCLUSION. The positive predictive value for examinations with abnormal findings and the yield for diagnostic procedures performed as a result of abnormal findings in 50 community radiologic facilities were higher than those reported in some earlier studies, a fact that raised concern about the induced cost of screening mammography. However, these values were low compared with those in the UCSF data base. This fact was particularly true of repeat standard (screening) mammography. C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP BROWN, ML (reprint author), NCI,APPL RES BRANCH,EPN-313,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 22 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1377 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TF768 UT WOS:A1995TF76800013 PM 7484568 ER PT J AU Hung, HMJ Chi, GYH ONeill, RT AF Hung, HMJ Chi, GYH ONeill, RT TI Efficacy evaluation for monotherapies in two-by-two factorial trials SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE efficacy; factorial trial; monotherapy; pooled test ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; DESIGNS; TESTS AB For factorial clinical trials in which two monotherapy treatments under study can interact only in the presence of treatment effects for each treatment, the always-pooled test statistic using data from all four groups has a correct size in detecting the simple effect of an individual treatment used alone. However, this test statistic may have an unbounded bias in estimation of the simple effect. The never-pooled test statistic that uses only data from the treatment groups not receiving the other treatment has poor precision for estimating the simple effect. Two alternative test statistics under consideration are the two-stage statistic involving a preliminary test of treatment interaction and the maximum test statistic taking the larger of the always-pooled and the never-pooled statistics. The power, bias, and mean square error of all four tests are compared. When negative interactions exist, the two-stage and maximum statistics are generally superior to the always-pooled statistic and compare reasonably well with the never-pooled statistic; the maximum statistic seems slightly more favorable than the two-stage statistic. The two-stage statistic is the best choice when a treatment interaction can be large. RP Hung, HMJ (reprint author), US FDA,CDER,DIV BIOMETR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1483 EP 1493 DI 10.2307/2533278 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA TQ156 UT WOS:A1995TQ15600026 PM 8589235 ER PT J AU Bowman, D Chen, JJ George, EO AF Bowman, D Chen, JJ George, EO TI Estimating variance functions in developmental toxicity studies SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE dose-response functions; generalized estimating equations; intralitter correlations ID QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT; ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; BINARY RESPONSES; DISCRETE AB The presence of intralitter correlation is a well known issue for analysis of the developmental toxicology data. The intralitter correlation coefficients observed in developmental toxicology data are generally different across dose groups. In this paper we use a generalized estimating equation procedure to model jointly the mean parameters and the intralitter correlation coefficients as functions of dose levels. Our procedure is similar to that used by Prentice and Zhao (1991, Biometrics 47, 825-839) for estimating the mean and variance parameters. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT MATH,OXFORD,MS 38677. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. MEMPHIS UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1523 EP 1528 DI 10.2307/2533282 PG 6 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA TQ156 UT WOS:A1995TQ15600030 PM 8589237 ER PT J AU Sankoh, AJ Huque, MF AF Sankoh, AJ Huque, MF TI A note on O'Brien's OLS and GLS tests SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Letter RP Sankoh, AJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOMETR,HFD 713,ROOM 18B45,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1580 EP 1581 PG 2 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA TQ156 UT WOS:A1995TQ15600039 ER PT J AU Poirier, MC Fullerton, NF Smith, BA Beland, FA AF Poirier, MC Fullerton, NF Smith, BA Beland, FA TI DNA adduct formation and tumorigenesis in mice during the chronic administration of 4-aminobiphenyl at multiple dose levels SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY; RAS PROTOONCOGENE; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; 1ST BASE; RATS; 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE; CARCINOGENESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; AFLATOXIN-B1 AB Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of DNA adducts from 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) in the bladder cells of humans; however, the correlation between the concentration of these adducts and the tumorigenic response is not clear, To help elucidate this relationship, we have investigated DNA adduct formation in experimental animals continuously administered 4-ABP, Male and female BALB/c mice were treated for 28 days with 4-ABP hydrochloride in their drinking water, DNA adducts in target tissues (liver of females and bladder of males) were identified and quantified by P-32-postlabeling analyses and radioimmunoassays, These results were compared to previously reported tumor incidences obtained from the lifetime administration of 4-ABP hydrochloride, The major adduct observed in both tissues was N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-ABP, In the bladders of both sexes and the livers of female mice, adduct levels increased with dose at low doses, but saturation was observed at high doses. In the livers of males, the adduct levels were linearly correlated with dose throughout the entire dose range, A comparison between DNA adducts and tumorigenesis indicated a linear correlation between adduct levels and the incidence of liver tumors in female mice, In the bladders of male mice, however, the relationship was markedly nonlinear, These data suggest that adduct formation alone is insufficient for tumorigenesis in the bladder and that other factors such as cell proliferation are necessary for tumor production. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI,BLDG 37,RM 3B25,37 CONVENT DR,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD DEC PY 1995 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2917 EP 2921 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.12.2917 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TL668 UT WOS:A1995TL66800005 PM 8603464 ER PT J AU DAgostino, RB Weintraub, M AF DAgostino, RB Weintraub, M TI Meta-analysis: A method for synthesizing research SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; QUANTITATIVE METHODS; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; MEDLINE; BIAS C1 US FDA,OFF OVER COUNTER DRUGS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP DAgostino, RB (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT MATH,STAT & CONSULTING UNIT,111 CUMMINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL40423-06] NR 30 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 605 EP 616 DI 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90016-0 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TN067 UT WOS:A1995TN06700001 PM 8529325 ER PT J AU Lawless, LS AF Lawless, LS TI A new record of Cryptolestes ugandae Steel and Howe in an imported food product from Ghana (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP Lawless, LS (reprint author), US FDA,900 MADISON AVE,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 49 IS 4 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TM629 UT WOS:A1995TM62900002 ER PT J AU Moos, M Wang, SW Krinks, M AF Moos, M Wang, SW Krinks, M TI Anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein is a novel TGF-beta homolog expressed in the Spemann organizer SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ADMP; TGF-beta; BMP; Xenopus; organizer; mesoderm; growth factor ID XENOPUS-EMBRYOS; MIDBLASTULA TRANSITION; MESSENGER-RNAS; BONE-FORMATION; FAMILY MEMBER; BODY AXIS; GENE; MESODERM; EMBRYOGENESIS; INDUCTION AB We have identified a novel growth factor in Xenopus, which is most closely related to human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-3. Its expression peaks during gastrulation, most prominently in the Spemann organizer, and persists in the posterior neural floor plate and prechordal plate during neurulation, Injection of the corresponding mRNA into dorsal blastomeres results in dose-dependent suppression of dorsal and anterior structures, even in the presence of lithium chloride, Overexpression of the gene downregulates the dorsalizing factors noggin, goosecoid and follistatin, as web as the dorsal markers NCAM, muscle actin and MyoD; conversely, ventral markers are induced, We therefore designate this gene product Anti-Dorsalizing Morphogenetic Protein (ADMP). Though development of dorsoanterior structures is suppressed when exogenous ADMP is injected, the gene is induced by lithium chloride treatment or activin, both of which are known to produce the opposite effect. Thus, the expression of ADMP resembles that of several dorsalizing signals, but its product exerts dorsal-suppressing activity, This suggests that ADMP may moderate organizer-associated dorsalizing influences. These findings are also consistent with the recently advanced proposal of dorsally expressed inhibitory activin-like signals. RP Moos, M (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,SUITE 200N,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Moos, Malcolm/F-3673-2011; OI Moos, Malcolm/0000-0002-9575-9938; Wang, Shouwen/0000-0001-8484-1795 NR 66 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD DEC PY 1995 VL 121 IS 12 BP 4293 EP 4301 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA TM478 UT WOS:A1995TM47800037 PM 8575329 ER PT J AU Olds, JL Favit, A Nelson, T Ascoli, G Gerstein, A Cameron, M Cameron, L Lester, DS Rakow, T DeBarry, J Yoshioka, T Freyberg, Z Baru, J Alkon, DL AF Olds, JL Favit, A Nelson, T Ascoli, G Gerstein, A Cameron, M Cameron, L Lester, DS Rakow, T DeBarry, J Yoshioka, T Freyberg, Z Baru, J Alkon, DL TI Imaging protein kinase C activation in living sea urchin eggs after fertilization SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHORBOL ESTER; CHAETOPTERUS OOCYTES; M-PHASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROGRESSION; BREAKDOWN; CALCIUM; SIGNAL; CELLS; ACID AB The fluorescent dye NBD-phorbol acetate was used to visualize the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in living Lptechinus pictus eggs during fertilization. This dye interacts directly with PKC as determined using a competitive binding assay. Quantitative image analysis of sequential images from laser-scanning confocal microscopy showed a significant reorganization of the signal in the vicinity of the cortical granules and the plasma membrane that began immediately following fertilization and persisted up to 1 hr (P < 0.0001). At the concentrations employed, the NBD-phorbol dye was not capable of inducing a significant translocation of the fluorescent signal to the membrane, nor did it appear to interfere with the cell cycle. It therefore seems likely that the present in vivo results reflect the previously reported in vitro activation of protein kinase C immediately subsequent to fertilization. Such an interpretation is parsimonious with the results of parallel subcellular fractionation experiments using an N-terminal polyclonal antibody to sea urchin PRC which showed a significant (P < 0.037) translocation of the enzyme from the cytosolic fraction to the membrane fraction 40 min subsequent to fertilization. This study supports and extends previous in vitro data suggesting that PKC activation subsequent to fertilization occurs at or near the egg plasma membrane, perhaps in association with arachadonic acid-rich cortical granules. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US FDA, CDER, DIV RES & TESTING, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA 92307 USA. UPR 9009, NEUROBIOL CELLULAIRE LAB, F-67084 STRASBOURG, FRANCE. WASEDA UNIV, SCH HUMAN SCI, TOKOROZAWA, SAITAMA 359, JAPAN. RP NINCDS, ADAPT SYST LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Olds, James/D-2867-2011; OI Freyberg, Zachary/0000-0001-6460-0118 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 EI 1095-564X J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1006/dbio.1995.8060 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA TK478 UT WOS:A1995TK47800027 PM 8612981 ER PT J AU Zhang, DL Evans, FE Freeman, JP Duhart, B Cerniglia, CE AF Zhang, DL Evans, FE Freeman, JP Duhart, B Cerniglia, CE TI Biotransformation of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL MODELS; MAMMALIAN METABOLISM; DRUG-METABOLISM; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS; N-DEMETHYLATION; NORTRIPTYLINE; MICROORGANISMS; IMIPRAMINE; ECHINULATA; OVERDOSE AB A fungal biotransformation system as an in vitro model for mammalian drug metabolism was investigated. Amitriptyline, a widely used antidepressant, was effectively biotransformed within 72 hr by the filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans. Eight major metabolites in HPLC elution order (11-hydroxyamitriptyline N-oxide, 11-hydroxynortriptyline, 11-hydroxyamitriptyline, 10-hydroxyamitriptyline, 3-hydroxyamitriptyline, 2-hydroxyamitriptyline, nortriptyline, and amitriptyline N-oxide) were produced at estimated molar ratios of 2:1:10:0.6:0.1:1 :2.5:0.5, respectively. These metabolites were isolated by HPLC and identified by UV/MS analyses, as well as NMR spectroscopic analysis for most of these metabolites. In some cases, they were also compared with authentic standards. Glucose, culture age, and substrate concentration significantly affected the extent of amitriptyline metabolism. Kinetic studies indicated that nortriptyline and 11-hydroxyamitriptyline were produced as initial major metabolites, The hydroxylated metabolite was excreted from mycelia, but amitriptyline and its N-demethylated metabolite, nortriptyline, were not. An O-18(2) labeling experiment showed that the oxygen atoms in 11-hydroxyamitriptyline and 2-hydroxyamitriptyline were derived from molecular oxygen. The cytochrome P450 inhibitors SKF 525-A (1.5 mM), metyrapone (2.0 mM), and 1-aminobenzotriazole (1.0 mM) inhibited the biotransformations of amitriptyline by 50, 75, and 95%, respectively. A microsomal preparation was shown to catalyze the 11-hydroxylation of amitriptyline, which was inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide. The similarities of amitriptyline metabolism in C. elegans and in humans and rats are discussed. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1417 EP 1425 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TL485 UT WOS:A1995TL48500018 PM 8689954 ER PT J AU WHARTENBY, KA MARROGI, AJ FREEMAN, SM AF WHARTENBY, KA MARROGI, AJ FREEMAN, SM TI GENE-THERAPY - CLINICAL POTENTIAL AND RELATIONSHIPS TO DRUG-TREATMENT SO DRUGS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN T-CELLS; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT RABBITS; THYMIDINE KINASE GENES; TUMOR-CELLS; ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE; RETROVIRAL VECTOR; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE C1 TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. US FDA,CTR BIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0012-6667 J9 DRUGS JI Drugs PD DEC PY 1995 VL 50 IS 6 BP 951 EP 958 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TH619 UT WOS:A1995TH61900002 PM 8612473 ER PT J AU Styrt, B Freiman, JP AF Styrt, B Freiman, JP TI Hepatotoxicity of antiviral agents SO GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; DOUBLE-BLIND; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; INTERFERON-ALPHA; AZIDOTHYMIDINE AZT AB Because most therapeutic agents used for viral infections are relatively new, experience with their adverse effects is still evolving. Hepatic toxicity has not been among the most important concerns with this class of drugs so far. Liver damage has been increasingly noted with accumulating experience, especially with antiretroviral drugs and those used to treat chronic hepatitis (e.g., fialuridine), but it is often difficult to distinguish between effects of therapy and of the underlying disease. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of hepatotoxicity in such situations, and further reporting of adverse experiences should contribute to more definitive evaluation of the potential influence of antivirals on liver function. C1 US FDA, CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES, OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT, DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0889-8553 EI 1558-1942 J9 GASTROENTEROL CLIN N JI Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 839 EP + PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA TL594 UT WOS:A1995TL59400006 PM 8749901 ER PT J AU Leonard, WJ Shores, EW Love, PE AF Leonard, WJ Shores, EW Love, PE TI Role of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain in cytokine signaling and lymphoid development SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT; MOLECULAR-CLONING; IL-2 RECEPTOR; MUTANT MICE; EXPRESSION; GENE; DISEASE; CDNAS C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD. NICHHD,LAB MAMMALIAN GENES & DEV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Leonard, WJ (reprint author), NHLBI,LAB MOLEC IMMUNOL,BLDG 10,RM 7N244,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 77 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 148 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00095.x PG 18 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA TP903 UT WOS:A1995TP90300006 PM 8825284 ER PT J AU MILIOTIS, MD TALL, BD GRAY, RT AF MILIOTIS, MD TALL, BD GRAY, RT TI ADHERENCE TO AND INVASION OF TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS BY VIBRIO-HOLLISAE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID ENTEROINVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HEP-2 CELLS; HELA-CELLS; ENDOCYTOSIS; SHIGELLA; INTERNALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; MECHANISMS; CLATHRIN AB The adherence to and invasion of cultured epithelial cells by Vibrio hollisae were examined by quantitative studies and by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. Condensed actin was observed around clustered adherent and intracellular bacteria. Bacteria multiplied intracellularly. Inhibitor studies indicated that internalization occurred by an integrated pleiotropic process involving eukaryotic and prokaryotic protein syntheses, microfilaments, microtubules, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. C1 US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,DIV GEN SCI SUPPORT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP MILIOTIS, MD (reprint author), US FDA,DIV VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT HFS327,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4959 EP 4963 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TF967 UT WOS:A1995TF96700063 PM 7591167 ER PT J AU GAZZANOSANTORO, H PARENT, JB CONLON, PJ KASLER, HG TSAI, CM LILLELGHANIAN, DA HOLLINGSWORTH, RI AF GAZZANOSANTORO, H PARENT, JB CONLON, PJ KASLER, HG TSAI, CM LILLELGHANIAN, DA HOLLINGSWORTH, RI TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN LIPID A REQUIRED FOR BINDING OF A RECOMBINANT FRAGMENT OF BACTERICIDAL PERMEABILITY-INCREASING PROTEIN RBPI(23) (VOL 63, PG 2201, 1995) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,US DEPT HHS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP GAZZANOSANTORO, H (reprint author), XOMA CORP,DEPT SEPSIS RES,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4967 EP 4967 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TF967 UT WOS:A1995TF96700069 ER PT J AU Hussain, S Slikker, W Ali, SF AF Hussain, S Slikker, W Ali, SF TI Age-related changes in antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione in different regions of mouse brain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione peroxidase; aging; mice ID FREE-RADICAL THEORY; RAT-BRAIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; INCREASES; DISEASE AB It has been proposed that neurodegenerative processes of aging are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cellular metabolism. These reactive oxygen species are scavenged by antioxidant enzymes in biological systems. The present study was designed to determine the selective distribution of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in different regions of the C57BL/6N mouse brain and to determine if any alterations occurred with age. Catalase activity did not show any significant change except in cerebellum. Activity of superoxide dismutase was increased with age in all regions of the brain except in hippocampus of 2-yr-old mice. The glutathione peroxidase activity in the caudate nucleus increased in all regions of the brain, however, the activity did not change at one, six and 12 months. A significant increasing pattern of glutathione content was found in the cerebellum and brain stem with age. These data demonstrate that although the level of antioxidant enzymes Varied in different regions of the brain, overall the enzyme activities tend to increase with age. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROCHEM LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 42 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 8 BP 811 EP 817 DI 10.1016/0736-5748(95)00071-2 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA TP146 UT WOS:A1995TP14600004 PM 8770654 ER PT J AU Junod, SW AF Junod, SW TI Cancer from beef: DES, Federal Food Regulation, and consumer confidence - Marcus,AI SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP Junod, SW (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 688 EP 689 DI 10.1086/357393 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA TR560 UT WOS:A1995TR56000084 ER PT J AU Hsieh, LS Moos, M Lin, Y AF Hsieh, LS Moos, M Lin, Y TI Characterization of apple 18 and 31 kd allergens by microsequencing and evaluation of their content during storage and ripening SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple allergens; food allergy; Bet v 1; IgE-reactive proteins; disease resistance proteins ID BIRCH BETULA-VERRUCOSA; CROSS-REACTIVITY; IGE ANTIBODIES; POLLEN; PROTEINS; ETHYLENE; CARROT; FRUITS AB Patients with tree pollinosis frequently report allergic reactions after ingestion of apples. The severity of apple allergy has been related to the variety of apples and their degree of maturity. To generate a serum pool that is representative of various IgE-binding patterns of apple-allergic sera, serum samples from 34 patients allergic to tree pollens were screened. Only 24 serum samples reacted to the apple extract. Pooled serum was used to identify allergens in apples. An efficient and consistent extraction method for apple fruits was used to compare the immunoreactivities of extracts of different varieties (McIntosh, Red Delicious, Granny Smith, and Golden Delicious) of freshly picked and store-purchased apples. We found that Golden Delicious apples had the greatest amount of 18 kd allergen, which has been reported to be a potent IgE-binding apple allergen. Store-purchased apples contained higher concentrations of the 18 kd allergen than freshly picked apples. In our study only 37.5% of sera reacted to the 18 kd protein, whereas 75% of the sera reacted to a 31 kd allergen. Other immunoreactive bands in apple extracts included proteins of 50, 38, 16, 14, and 13 kd. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of the two major allergens, 18 kd and 31 kd, were determined. These sequences shared approximately 50% identity with disease resistance proteins of various plants or Bet v 1 in birch tree pollens. The appearance of various allergens was also investigated in mature apples during storage. The amount of 18 kd allergen increased significantly when apples were stored at 4 degrees C. However, under controlled atmospheric conditions in which oxygen- and carbon dioxide-induced ripening were regulated, the amount of 18 kd allergen remained unaffected. Because ripening and maturation were not associated with increases in 18 kd allergen content, the observed changes might be induced by factors related to disease resistance. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV ALLERGY PROD & PARASITOL,IMMUNOBIOCHEM LAB,BETHESDA,MD. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,DEV BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD. RI Moos, Malcolm/F-3673-2011 OI Moos, Malcolm/0000-0002-9575-9938 NR 24 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 96 IS 6 BP 960 EP 970 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(95)70234-2 PN 1 PG 11 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA TN124 UT WOS:A1995TN12400014 PM 8543755 ER PT J AU PortilloGomez, L Nair, J Rouse, DA Morris, SL AF PortilloGomez, L Nair, J Rouse, DA Morris, SL TI The absence of genetic markers for streptomycin and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium avium complex strains SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID S12 GENE; TUBERCULOSIS; MUTATIONS AB Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) bacilli are an important cause of bacteraemia in AIDS patients but treatment is complicated by their resistance to the usual antimycobacterial agents. In this study of 20 strains of MAC none was found to have the mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis suggesting that MAC have unique mechanisms for resistance to these agents. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,LAB MYCOBACTERIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV GUADALAJARA,FAC MED,LAB MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,MED CTR,GUADALAJARA 44430,JALISCO,MEXICO. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1053 DI 10.1093/jac/36.6.1049 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TQ082 UT WOS:A1995TQ08200019 PM 8821605 ER PT J AU RUSHING, LG WEBB, SF THOMPSON, HC AF RUSHING, LG WEBB, SF THOMPSON, HC TI DETERMINATION OF LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET AND GENTIAN-VIOLET IN CATFISH TISSUE BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH VISIBLE DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; MALACHITE GREEN; ANIMAL FEED; CHICKEN FAT AB A sensitive analytical procedure for the determination of residues of leucogentian violet (LGV) and gentian violet (GV) in catfish tissue is presented. Frozen (- 20 degrees C) catfish fillets were cut into chunks and then blended in a Waring blendor. A 10-g amount of catfish muscle tissue was homogenized and extracted with acetonitrile-buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and cleaned up on tandem neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Samples of 100 mu l (0.5 g equiv.) were chromatographed isocratically in 15 min using an acetonitrile-buffer mobile phase on a cyano phase column in-line with a post-column PbO2 oxidation reactor. The PbO2 post-column reactor efficiently oxidized the LGV to the chromatic GV permitting visible detection at 588 nm for both LGV and GV. Linearity was demonstrated with standards over the range 0.5-50 ng per injection. Recoveries of LGV and GV from catfish tissues fortified at 20, 10, and 1 ng/g were 83.1 +/- 1.2, 78.4 +/- 4.0, 84 +/- 8 and 92.7 +/- 1.8, 95.0 +/- 2.2, 93 +/- 2 (mean +/- S.D., n = 4), respectively. RP RUSHING, LG (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 674 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00285-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TK079 UT WOS:A1995TK07900015 PM 8749260 ER PT J AU Aziz, KJ Gutman, SI Sliva, CA UettwillerGeiger, D AF Aziz, KJ Gutman, SI Sliva, CA UettwillerGeiger, D TI New approaches to the evaluation of in vitro diagnostic devices by the Food and Drug Administration SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,DIV CLIN LAB DEVICES,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY SOC PI WAYNE PA 3139 S WAYNE RD, WAYNE, MI 48184 SN 1081-1672 J9 J CLIN LIGAND ASSAY JI J. Clin. Ligand Assay PD WIN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA UK653 UT WOS:A1995UK65300006 ER PT J AU HAYES, PS BLOM, K FENG, P LEWIS, J STROCKBINE, NA SWAMINATHAN, B AF HAYES, PS BLOM, K FENG, P LEWIS, J STROCKBINE, NA SWAMINATHAN, B TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BETA-D-GLUCURONIDASE-PRODUCING STRAIN OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O157-H7 IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS AB A phenotypic variant of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (G5101) was isolated from a patient with bloody diarrhea. Strain G5101 does not ferment sorbitol but is beta-D-glucuronidase and urease positive. Serotyping and colony hybridization using a serotype-specific DNA probe confirmed that the isolate was O157:H7. G5101 produces Shiga-like toxins I and II and contains an eae gene that is highly conserved in the O157:H7 serotype. This strain would have been missed by laboratories that screen for the sorbitol-negative, beta-D-glucuronidase-negative phenotype in isolating E. coli O157:H7 from clinical and food specimens. C1 US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. STATE WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. RP HAYES, PS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 3347 EP 3348 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TF015 UT WOS:A1995TF01500060 PM 8586736 ER PT J AU Schraeder, PL Lathers, CM AF Schraeder, PL Lathers, CM TI Clinical pharmacology of antiepileptic drug use: ''Clinical pearls about the perils of Patty'' SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TERATOGENESIS AB This Clinical Pharmacology Problem Solving (CPPS) Unit is for use with fourth- or fifth-year pharmacy students and third- or fourth-year medical students during conferences held when they are taking either a rotation in Neurology or Clinical Pharmacology. It may also be used for house staff teaching of residents in Neurology, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, and Family Practice and fellows in Clinical Pharmacology. This material was prepared for a Teaching Clinic in Clinical Pharmacology taught by Claire M. Lathers, PhD, FCP, Hugh J. Burford, PhD, FCP, and Cedric M. Smith, MD, FCP, and sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology, September 19-20, 1992, Washington, DC. This workbook includes: (1) an introduction to the Clinical Pharmacology Problem Solving (CPPS) Unit; (2) the learning objectives of the clinical simulation; (3) a pretest; (4) four clinical episodes occurring over many years in the life of a patient; (5) answers to the pretest; (6) a posttest; (7) answers to the posttest. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,DIV NEUROL,CAMDEN,NJ 08103. US FDA,CARDIO RENAL DIV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NASA,SPACE BIOMED RES INST,CARDIOVASC LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77058. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PHARMACOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0091-2700 J9 J CLIN PHARMACOL JI J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1120 EP 1135 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TN805 UT WOS:A1995TN80500002 PM 8750362 ER PT J AU JANEZIC, D VENABLE, RM BROOKS, BR AF JANEZIC, D VENABLE, RM BROOKS, BR TI HARMONIC-ANALYSIS OF LARGE SYSTEMS .3. COMPARISON WITH MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; MACROMOLECULES; INTEGRATION; ENERGY; MODES AB Atomic motions in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), derived from molecular dynamics, harmonic analysis, and quasiharmonic analysis, are compared when a single protein model, energy parameters, and environment are employed. Molecular dynamics (MD) was carried out for 2 nanoseconds. An average structure was determined from the last nanosecond of the MD simulation, when no major structural changes were observed. This structure was used for several harmonic analysis calculations as well as for a reference structure for the quasiharmonic analysis, for both full basis and reduced basis sets. In contrast to the harmonic analysis results, the quasiharmonic reduced basis calculation using a spherical harmonics reduced basis provided good agreement with the full basis calculation, suggesting that when anharmonic effects are considered, BPTI can behave as a homogeneous object. An extensive analysis of the normal modes from a diverse set of 201 minimized MD simulation frames was performed. On only the sub-picosecond time scale were energy minima revisited after a transition to another state. This analysis shows that the dynamics average structure is not representative of the simulation frames in terms of energy and vibrational frequencies. For this model of BPTI, 42% of the motion (mean-squared fluctuation) can be attributed to harmonic limit behavior. A spectral analysis of the correlation function of deformation for a particular normal mode or quasiharmonic mode can be used to determine the time scales of motions which correspond to harmonic vibration, large-scale drift, or sharp transitions between local substrates. (C) 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 NIH,DCRT,STRUCT BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST CHEM,LJUBLJANA 61115,SLOVENIA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 25 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1554 EP 1566 DI 10.1002/jcc.540161211 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TE611 UT WOS:A1995TE61100010 ER PT J AU Chen, WH Balakonis, P Tsai, CM AF Chen, WH Balakonis, P Tsai, CM TI Detection of lipopolysaccharides blotted on nylon membranes SO JOURNAL OF ENDOTOXIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTIPHASIC ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HETEROGENEITY; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; HYDRAZIDE; PROTEINS; SYSTEMS AB A sensitive method for the detection of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) blotted on nylon membranes is described. LPSs are separated by SDS-PAGE and then electrophoretically transferred to nylon membranes, Immobilized LPS is oxidized with periodate and then reacted with a hydrazide conjugated to the steroid, digoxigenin. LPS is visualized by alkaline phosphatase labelled antibodies against the steroid and the enzyme substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium. LPS banding patterns of both rough (R-) and smooth (S-) type LPSs from over 15 different bacterial species are similar to those of silver stained companion gels, but without nonspecific staining of proteins. The detection of S-LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa F-D type 1 and R-LPS from Escherichia coli K12 is sensitive to 10-20 ng per lane. The use of this detection system in combination with antibody or lectin studies on identical blots can provide an effective tool in locating the precise position of certain epitopes or sequences in both R- and S-type LPSs on the blots. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0968-0519 J9 J ENDOTOXIN RES JI J. Endoxtin Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 2 IS 6 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA TP938 UT WOS:A1995TP93800003 ER PT J AU Veloso, D Denny, S Cosgriff, TM Hochstein, HD AF Veloso, D Denny, S Cosgriff, TM Hochstein, HD TI Differential susceptibility of rhesus monkeys to high doses of endotoxin SO JOURNAL OF ENDOTOXIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN SEPTIC SHOCK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; LETHAL BACTEREMIA; TISSUE-INJURY; INTERLEUKIN-1; CACHECTIN; PLASMA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB We investigated susceptibility of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to Escherichia coli endotoxin (ETX) in two ways, We infused 8 monkeys (group A) with various doses of ETX (1.0-7.5 mg/kg) to assess the effect of dose on shock severity; and we infused 6 monkeys (group B) with 1.0 mg ETX/kg to test biological variability to ETX challenge, Controls were 7 saline-infused monkeys, Systolic pressure, heart rate (HR), temperature, plasma ETX and inflammatory markers - tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 - were quantified before and at 1.5, 2.5, 6 and 26 h after infusion, The highest plasma concentrations of ETX (at 1.5 h) - < 8% that infused - correlated well with the infused doses, ETX elicited hypotension and increases in HR in all monkeys, Fever did not occur, The degree of hypotension and increase in HR and death did not correlate with ETX dose (or plasma ETX concentrations). The response of inflammatory cytokines to ETX was greater in nonsurvivors than in survivors, The observed low mortality rate (4/14) suggests that rhesus monkeys are rather resistant to high endotoxin concentrations similar to baboons but unlike humans or chimpanzees, The lack of correlation between ETX dose and shock severity suggests that there is a critical ETX concentration in each animal that leads to controllable or uncontrollable cytokine elevation in plasma, with reversible or irreversible shock, and resulting survival or death. C1 UNIV TEXAS, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, ANIM RESOURCES DIV, FT DETRICK, MD 21702 USA. JEFFERSON ONCOL CLIN, METAIRIE, LA 70006 USA. US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, BETHESDA, MD 20852 USA. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, DIV MED, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, DIV MED, FT DETRICK, MD 21702 USA. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0968-0519 J9 J ENDOTOXIN RES JI J. Endoxtin Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 2 IS 6 BP 411 EP 420 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA TP938 UT WOS:A1995TP93800004 ER PT J AU HENDRICKSON, BA CONNER, DA LADD, DJ KENDALL, D CASANOVA, JE CORTHESY, B MAX, EE NEUTRA, MR SEIDMAN, CE SEIDMAN, JG AF HENDRICKSON, BA CONNER, DA LADD, DJ KENDALL, D CASANOVA, JE CORTHESY, B MAX, EE NEUTRA, MR SEIDMAN, CE SEIDMAN, JG TI ALTERED HEPATIC TRANSPORT OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A IN MICE LACKING THE J-CHAIN SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SECRETORY COMPONENT; RAT HEPATOCYTES; A IGA; CELLS; RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; BINDING; GENE AB We have created J chain knockout mice to define the physiologic role of the J chain in immunoglobulin synthesis and transport. The J chain is covalently associated with pentameric immunoglobulin (Ig) M and dimeric IgA and is also expressed in most IgG-secreting cells. J chain-deficient mice have normal serum IgM and IgG levels but markedly elevated serum IgA. Although polymeric IgA was present in the mutant mice, a larger proportion of their serum IgA was monomeric than was found in wild-type mouse serum. Bile and fecal IgA levels were decreased in J chain-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting inefficient transport of J chain-deficient IgA by hepatic polymeric immunoglobulin receptors (pIgR). The pIgR-mediated transport of serum-derived IgA from wild-type and mutant mice was assessed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfected with the pIgR. These studies revealed selective transport by pIgR-expressing MDCK cells of wild-type IgA but not J chain-deficient IgA. We conclude that although the J chain is not required for IgA dimerization, it does affect the efficiency of polymerization or have a role in maintaining IgA dimer stability. Furthermore, the J chain is essential for efficient hepatic pIgR transport of IgA. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT GENET,BOSTON,MA 02115. CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. CHILDRENS HOSP,GI CELL BIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP EAST,BOSTON,MA 02129. INST BIOL ANIM,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV CARDIOVASC,BOSTON,MA 02115. HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI Medecine, Bibliotheque/A-5279-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD17557]; PHS HHS [A132991] NR 32 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 182 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1911 DI 10.1084/jem.182.6.1905 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TJ870 UT WOS:A1995TJ87000030 PM 7500036 ER PT J AU Fein, SB Lin, CTJ Levy, AS AF Fein, SB Lin, CTJ Levy, AS TI Foodborne illness: Perceptions, experience, and preventive behaviors in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE consumer food handling; consumer perceptions; foodborne disease ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; LISTERIOSIS; OUTBREAKS AB Data from national telephone surveys conducted in 1988 and 1993 were used to describe consumer perceptions of foodborne illness. The 1993 data were also used to assess the relationship between the perception that a foodborne illness had recently been experienced and awareness, concern, knowledge, and behavior related to food safety. Respondents described foodborne disease primarily as a minor illness without fever that occurs within a day of eating a contaminated food prepared in a restaurant. However, several common pathogens have a latency period longer than a day, and experts on foodborne disease estimate that most cases of foodborne illness originate from foods prepared at home. In both surveys, people 18 to 39 years of age were more likely than those in other age groups to believe they had experienced a foodborne illness. In 1993, people with at least some college education were more likely to believe they had experienced foodborne illness than were people with less education. People who believed they had experienced foodborne illness had greater awareness of foodborne microbes and concern about food safety issues, were more likely to eat raw protein foods from animals, and were less likely to practice safe food handling than were those who did not perceive that they had experienced such an illness. C1 USDA, ECON RES SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. RP Fein, SB (reprint author), US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, DIV MARKET STUDIES, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 25 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1405 EP 1411 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TP339 UT WOS:A1995TP33900022 ER PT J AU WALSH, SP SHULMANROSKES, EM ANDERSON, LW CHANG, YH LUDEMAN, SM AF WALSH, SP SHULMANROSKES, EM ANDERSON, LW CHANG, YH LUDEMAN, SM TI SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-4,4,5,5-D(4) SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE 2,2-DIDEUTERIO-3-DEUTEROXYPROPIONITRILE; 3-AMINO-2,2,3,3-TETRADEUTERIOPROPAN-1-OL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-4,4,5,5-D(4); CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-4,4,5,5-D(4) MONOHYDRATE AB 3-Hydroxypropionitrile was subjected to a base-catalyzed exchange reaction in D2O which provided 2,2-dideuterio-3-deuteroxypropionitrile (DOCH2CD2CN) in 70% yield. Reduction of the nitrile with LiALD(4) gave 3-amino-2,2,3,3-tetradeuteriopropan-1-ol (HOCH2CD2CD2NH2) in a crude yield of 71%. Reaction of this intermediate with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramidic dichloride [Cl2P(O)N(CH2CH2Cl)(2)] followed by the combination of those chromatography fractions which contained only pure material gave cyclophosphamide-4,4,5,5-d(4) as a white oil in 13% yield. A portion of this oil was converted to the monohydrate by the addition of water (1.1 equivalents) and crystallization from ether/petroleum ether (62% yield). For the hydrate, MS analyses gave an average mole percent enrichment (with average deviation over 5 determinations) of 89.1 +/- 0.58 d(4). C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,CTR ONCOL,DIV PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAPEUT,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,TAEJON 305701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1193 EP 1198 DI 10.1002/jlcr.2580361209 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA TG186 UT WOS:A1995TG18600007 ER PT J AU Dhawan, S Wahl, LM Heredia, A Zhang, YH Epstein, JS Meltzer, MS Hewlett, IK AF Dhawan, S Wahl, LM Heredia, A Zhang, YH Epstein, JS Meltzer, MS Hewlett, IK TI Interferon-gamma inhibits HIV-induced invasiveness of monocytes SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferon-gamma; human immunodeficiency virus monocytes; metalloproteinase; extracellular matrix ID AIDS; COLLAGENASE AB HIV-infected monocytes form highly invasive network on basement membrane matrix and secrete high levels of 92-kd metalloproteinase (MMP-9), an enzyme that degrades basement membrane proteins. In the present study, using matrigel as a model basement membrane system, we demonstrate that treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected monocytes with interferon-gamma at 50 U/ml inhibited the ability of infected monocytes to form an invasive network on matrigel and their invasion through the matrigel matrix. These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the levels of MMP-9 produced by HIV-infected monocytes treated with interferon-gamma 1 day prior to infection with HIV as compared with that of untreated HIV-infected monocytes. Monocytes treated with interferon-gamma 1 day after HIV infection showed the presence of integrated HIV sequences; however, the levels of MMP-9 were substantially lower than those produced by monocytes inoculated with live HIV, heat-inactivated HIV, or even the control uninfected monocytes. Exposure of monocytes to heat-inactivated HIV did not result in increased invasiveness or high MMP-9 production, suggesting that regulation of metalloproteinase by monocytes was independent of CD4-gp120 interactions and required active virus infection. Furthermore, addition of interferon-gamma to monocytes on day 10 after infection inhibited MMP-9 production by more than threefold with no significant reduction of virus replication. These results indicate that the mechanism of interferon-gamma-induced down-regulation of MMP-9 levels and reduced monocyte invasiveness may be mediated by a mechanism independent of antiviral activity of IFN-gamma in monocytes. Down-regulation of MMP-9 in HIV-infected monocytes by interferon-gamma may play an important role in the control of HIV pathogenesis. C1 NIDR,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CELLULAR IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Dhawan, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,MOLEC VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 713 EP 716 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA TK772 UT WOS:A1995TK77200012 PM 7499970 ER PT J AU Ette, EI Kelman, AW Howie, CA Whiting, B AF Ette, EI Kelman, AW Howie, CA Whiting, B TI Analysis of animal pharmacokinetic data: Performance of the one point per animal design SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE population pharmacokinetics; preclinical; parameter estimation; sample size; variability; one sample per animal ID ASSAY AB A simulation study was carried out to determine the impact of various design factors on the accuracy and precision with which population pharmacokinetic parameters are estimated in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. A drug given by intravenous bolus injection adn having monoexponential disposition characteristics was assumed. The factors investigated were (i) number of animals sampled at specified times one observation taken per animal, (ii) error in observed concentration measurements, and (iii) doubling the number of observations per animal while varying the number of animals. Data were analyzed with the NONMEN program, and the least number of animals per time point (where each animal supplied one concentration-time point) required for accurate and precise parameter estimation was determined. The one observation per animal design yielded biased and imprecise estimates of variability, and residual variability could mot be estimated. Increasing the error in the concentration measurement led to a significant deterioration in the accuracy and precision with which variability was estimated. Obtaining a second sample from each animal practically eliminated bias and facilitated the partitioning of interanimal variability and residual intraanimal variability, by introducing information about the latter. Doubling the total number of observations per animal required using half (i.e., 50) the total number of animals required for accurate and precise estimation with the one sample per animal design. C1 UNIV GLASGOW,WESTERN INFIRM,DEPT MED & THERAPEUT,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,GARDINER INST,GLASGOW G11 6NT,LANARK,SCOTLAND. W SCOTLAND HLTH BOARDS,DEPT CLIN PHYS & BIOENGN,GLASGOW G4 9LF,LANARK,SCOTLAND. RP Ette, EI (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,PHARMACOMETR UNIT,OFF CLIN PHARMACOL & BIPHARMACEUT,HFDF-855,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-466X J9 J PHARMACOKINET BIOP JI J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 23 IS 6 BP 551 EP 566 DI 10.1007/BF02353461 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UK196 UT WOS:A1995UK19600002 PM 8733946 ER PT J AU Nesheim, S Wood, GE AF Nesheim, S Wood, GE TI Regulatory aspects of mycotoxins in soybean and soybean products SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; analysis; mycotoxins; regulation; ampling; soybeans ID AFLATOXIN AB More than 50 countries have enacted or proposed regulations for the central of aflatoxins in foods and/or feeds, and at least 15 of these countries also have regulations for permitted levels of contamination by other mycotoxins. Since 1965, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has used action levels to control aflatoxins in its compliance programs. Cooperative programs with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, state agencies, and industry also have been used to keep exposure to aflatoxins as low as practical. Soybeans support the growth of many mold species, which can produce toxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes (such as T-2), and cytochalasins. The natural occurrence of these toxins in soybeans has not been a problem. Limited surveys of soybeans and soy-based infant formulas have not revealed significant contamination. the sequence of events that leads to consideration of a mycotoxin for control programs and other regulatory activity includes determination of a toxic response, isolation and identification of the toxin, development of a sampling plan and method of analysis, and determination of incidence and levels of contamination of the susceptible commodity. The quality of soybeans can vary widely, depending on environmental, agronomic, and storage conditions. Products susceptible to contamination from improper storage are subject to regulatory action on a case-by-case basis. The government-industry cooperative programs have been successful in limiting human exposure to aflatoxins. C1 US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS,DIV NAT PROD,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS,DIV PROGRAMS & ENFORCEMENT POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1421 EP 1423 DI 10.1007/BF02577831 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TK892 UT WOS:A1995TK89200003 ER PT J AU Pedersoli, WM Jackson, J Frobish, RA AF Pedersoli, WM Jackson, J Frobish, RA TI Depletion of gentamicin in the milk of Holstein cows after single and repeated intramammary and parenteral treatments SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID COLIFORM MASTITIS; DAIRY-CATTLE; RESIDUES; THERAPY AB Twenty-four healthy Holstein cows, 2.72 +/- 0.64 (mean +/- SD) years old, weighing 603.96 +/- 73.22 kg (mean +/- SD), and representing various levels of milk production, were used to determine the depletion of gentamicin (GT) in milk. The cows had not received antibiotics or other drugs that could interfere with study for at least 60 days before the beginning of the investigation. The cows were divided into six groups (n = 4) and treated with single (treatments A, B and C) or repeated (treatments D, E and F) doses of GT. Cows were acclimated for 7 days before administration of GT and milked twice a day at 12-h intervals (06.00 hours, 18.00 hours) throughout the duration of the study. Control milk samples were obtained after the arrival of the cows and assayed to establish their GT free status. On day 1 of each treatment, a baseline milk sample was collected from the milk produced (06.00 hours) by each cow. A single dose of GT was administered intramammarily (A, i.m.m. left front quarter, 500 mg), intravenously (B, i.v., 5 mg/kg body weight) or intramuscularly (C, i.m., 5 mg/kg body weight). Cows in treatments D (i.m.m., 500 mg), E (i.v., 5 mg/kg body weight) and F (simultaneous i.m.m. 500 mg plus i.v. 5 mg/kg body weight) were treated twice a day for 5 consecutive days just after the morning and evening milkings. Milk samples from individual cows were cllected every day after each milking during and after dosing until GT concentration in the milk was below the safe level of less than or equal to 30 ng/mL. The concentration of GT in milk was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. Depletion of GT to a concentration less than or equal to 30 ng/mL occurred at the seventh (84 h), third (36 h), third (36 h), eleventh (132 h), third (36 h) and nineteenth (228 h) post-dosing milking, for cows in treatments A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. The highest mean +/- SEM) concentrations of GT were 14 710 +/- 1213.89, 167.87 +/- 46.94 and 91.62 +/- 14.55 ng/mL, measured in the first milking post dosing (12 h) for cows in treatment A, B and C respectively; for cows in treatments D, E and F, during the dosing period, they were 14067.50 +/- 2989.09, 446.07 +/- 100.92, and 22900 +/- 2843.66 ng/mL and occurred at the seventh, third and eighth milking respectively, Because GT is not approved for use in dairy cattle and because of the long depletion time associated with some possible treatments, illegal and extra-label use is likely to cause residues in milk. C1 US FDA,CVM,DIV ANIM SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US FDA,CVM,OFF SCI BELTSVILLE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00626.x PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA TK735 UT WOS:A1995TK73500011 PM 8789700 ER PT J AU SCHUBERT, U CLOUSE, KA STREBEL, K AF SCHUBERT, U CLOUSE, KA STREBEL, K TI AUGMENTATION OF VIRUS SECRETION BY THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 VPU PROTEIN IS CELL-TYPE INDEPENDENT AND OCCURS IN CULTURED HUMAN PRIMARY MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS MOLECULAR CLONE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; INDUCED DEGRADATION; AIDS VIRUS; GENE; CD4; MONOCYTES AB The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific Vpu protein is a small integral membrane phosphoprotein that induces degradation of the virus receptor CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum and, independently, increases the release of progeny virions from infected cells. To address the importance of Vpu for virus replication in primary human cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), we used three different sets of monocyte-tropic molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a primary isolate, AD8(+), and two chimeric variants of the T-cell-tropic isolate NL4-3 carrying the env determinants of either AD8(+) or SF162 monocyte-tropic primary isolates. Isogenic variants of these chimeric viruses were constructed to express either wild-type Vpu or various mutants of Vpu. The effects of these mutations in the vpu gene on virus particle secretion from infected MDM or PBMC were assessed by determination of the release of virion-associated reverse transcriptase into culture supernatants, Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of pelleted virions, and steady-state or pulse-chase metabolic labeling. Wild-type Vpu increased virus release four- to sixfold in MDM and two- to threefold in PBMC, while nonphosphorylated Vpu and a C-terminal truncation mutant of Vpu were partially active on virus release in primary cells. These results demonstrate that Vpu regulates virus release in primary lymphocyte and macrophage cultures in a similar manner and to a similar extent to those previously observed in HeLa cells or CD4(+) T-cell lines. Thus, our findings provide evidence that Vpu functions in a variety of human cells, both primary cells and continuous cell lines, and mutations in Vpu affect its biological activity independent of the cell type and virus isolate used. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SCHUBERT, U (reprint author), NIAID,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,BLDG 4,RM 314,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 68 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 12 BP 7699 EP 7711 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA TE366 UT WOS:A1995TE36600038 PM 7494279 ER PT J AU Thurman, JD Moeller, RB Turturro, A AF Thurman, JD Moeller, RB Turturro, A TI Proliferative lesions of the testis in ad libitum-fed and food-restricted Fischer-344 and FBNF1 rats SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGING PROCESSES; WISTAR RATS; RETARDATION; PATHOLOGY AB The effect of 40% food restriction on spontaneous proliferative lesions of the testis was evaluated in lifetime and cross-sectional (serial sacrifice) studies of 419 Fischer (F-344) and 304 Fischer x Brown Norway (FBNF1) male rats. Interstitial cell hyperplasia and interstitial cell adenoma (ICA) were the most common proliferative lesions in each genotype; incidence of each was less in the FBNF1. In each genotype, food restriction delayed the onset of both lesions and reduced the incidence of ICA. At 12 months interstitial cell hyperplasia was present in 11 of 12 ad libitum (AL) fed and 0 of 12 food-restricted (FR) F-344 rats. In FBNF1 rats interstitial cell hyperplasia was observed first at 18 months in AL-fed and at 36 months in FR groups. Interstitial cell adenoma developed in 5 of 12 AL-fed F-344 rats by 18 months and in 2 of 12 FR rats by 24 months; 2 of 12 AL-fed FBNF1 rats had ICA at 30 months, and 1 of 12 FR rats had ICA at 42 months. In these cross-sectional studies approximately half the ICA cases in F-344 rats were bilateral; no FBNF1 rats had bilateral ICA. In lifetime studies the incidence of ICA was reduced from 49% in AL-fed rats to 19% in FR F-344 rats and from 9% in AL to 4% in FR FBNF1 rats. The incidence of mesothelioma was low in both genotypes and was not obviously altered by food restriction. A malignant embryonal neoplasm, an unclassified benign neoplasm, and three seminomas were present in the testes of FBNF1 rats. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 45 IS 6 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA TL467 UT WOS:A1995TL46700003 PM 8746522 ER PT J AU TRAN, TT AF TRAN, TT TI EVALUATION OF OXYRASE(R) ENRICHMENT METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI FROM INOCULATED FOODS SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Recovery limits were evaluated for Campylobacter jejuni in an existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enrichment broth (EB) formula supplemented with Oxyrase(R) enzyme. Cultures of Camp, jejuni were inoculated into EB or EB containing 10% raw milk, raw oysters, crabmeat or mushrooms. After 24 and 48 h of enrichment, Camp. jejuni was isolated on four selective agars. No significant differences in recovery rates for Camp. jejuni were observed in the Oxyrase(R) enrichment under normal atmosphere or in the existing FDA method under modified atmosphere. Increase of enrichment time from 24 to 48 h did not improve the recovery rates. However, the Oxyrase(R) enrichment was cost effective, less time consuming, and simpler to perform than the established method. RP TRAN, TT (reprint author), US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES HFS 516,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 21 IS 6 BP 345 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb01077.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TJ623 UT WOS:A1995TJ62300001 PM 8554759 ER PT J AU ZHENG, Q AF ZHENG, Q TI ON A COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS RESULT SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article RP ZHENG, Q (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,HFT-20,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 130 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0025-5564(95)00008-3 PG 4 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA TF855 UT WOS:A1995TF85500005 PM 8527871 ER PT J AU Binienda, Z Frederick, DL Ferguson, SA Rountree, RL Paule, MG Schmued, L Ali, SF Slikker, W Scallet, AC AF Binienda, Z Frederick, DL Ferguson, SA Rountree, RL Paule, MG Schmued, L Ali, SF Slikker, W Scallet, AC TI The effects of perinatal hypoxia on the behavioral, neurochemical, and neurohistological toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid SO METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE LA English DT Article DE perinatal hypoxia; 3-nitropropionic acid; neurotoxicity; cerebral energy metabolism; behavior ID BRAIN-DAMAGE; DOPAMINE; ISCHEMIA; RAT AB 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) neurotoxicity and long-term effects of perinatal hypoxia were evaluated in 18 adult rats. Hypoxia-insulted (I) and noninsulted (NI) rats were delivered by cesarean section. Hypoxic insult was effected by submerging dissected uterine horns in warmed saline for 15 min. NI rats were delivered from the adjacent nonsubmerged horns. At postnatal day 90, I and NI rats were trained to perform tasks thought to measure behaviors dependent upon aspects of time estimation (TE), motivation, and learning. At 12 months of age, rats were injected i.p. with escalating doses of 3-NPA (5 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day) immediately after each test session and sacrificed at the end of treatment. Additional male rats were used as untreated controls. Although 3-NPA produced a dose-dependent impairment of performance in each task, the effects were qualitatively similar for each group. A significant difference between I and NI rats was, however, observed in the TE task where NI rats completed less of the task at high doses of 3-NPA compared to I rats. Compared to untreated controls, dopamine concentrations were decreased in caudate nucleus of both I and NI rats after 3-NPA. Specific areas most frequently damaged included cerebral cortex, hippocampal subfield CA1, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum. Lesions usually were less extensive in the I rather than NI members of a littermate pair, suggesting a possible protective effect of perinatal hypoxia against subsequent 3-NPA neurotoxicity. C1 FIDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0885-7490 J9 METAB BRAIN DIS JI Metab. Brain Dis. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 269 EP 282 DI 10.1007/BF02109358 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA TR963 UT WOS:A1995TR96300003 PM 8847991 ER PT J AU DAVID, M CHEN, HYE GOELZ, S LARNER, AC NEEL, BG AF DAVID, M CHEN, HYE GOELZ, S LARNER, AC NEEL, BG TI DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF THE ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON-STIMULATED JAK/STAT PATHWAY BY THE SH2 DOMAIN-CONTAINING TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE SHPTP1 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC-CELL PHOSPHATASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ISGF3; MOTH-EATEN MICE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; PHOSPHOTYROSINE PHOSPHATASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INVITRO ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR; KINASE; GENE AB Interferons (IFNs) induce early-response genes by stimulating Janus family (Jak) tyrosine kinases, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat transcription factors. Previous studies implicated protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity in the control of IFN-regulated Jak/Stat signaling, but the specific PTPs responsible remained unidentified. We have found that SH2 domain-containing PTP1 (SHPTP1; also called PTP1C, HCP, or SHP) reversibly associates with the IFN-alpha receptor complex upon IFN addition. Compared with macrophages from normal littermate controls, macrophages from motheaten mice, which lack SHPTP1, show dramatically increased Jak1 and Stat1 alpha tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas Tyk2 and Stat2 activation is largely unaffected. These findings correlate with selectively increased complex formation on a gamma response element, but not an IFN-stimulated response element, in motheaten macrophages. Our results establish that SHPTP1 selectively regulates distinct components of Jak/Stat signal transduction pathways in vivo. C1 CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,MOLEC MED UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02215. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOLEC GENET,BIOL & BIOMED SCI PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. BIOGEN INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA49152] NR 54 TC 283 Z9 287 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7050 EP 7058 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TF653 UT WOS:A1995TF65300061 PM 8524272 ER PT J AU Ette, EI Ludden, TM AF Ette, EI Ludden, TM TI Population pharmacokinetic modeling: The importance of informative graphics SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE graphics; MLR; GAM; TBM; diagnostics; jackknife; population pharmacokinetics; subpopulations ID REGRESSION; JACKKNIFE; CEFEPIME AB Purpose. The usefulness of several modelling methods were examined in the development of a population pharmacokinetics model for cefepime. Methods. The analysis was done in six steps: (1) exploratory data analysis to examine distributions and correlations among covariates, (2) determination of a basic pharmacokinetic model using the NONMEM program and obtaining Bayesian individual parameter estimates, (3) examination of the distribution of parameter estimates, (4) multiple linear regression (MLR) with case deletion diagnostics, generalized additive modelling (GAM), and tree-based modelling (TBM) for the selection of covariates and revealing structure in the data, (5) final NONMEM modelling to determine the population PK model, and (6) the evaluation of final parameter estimates. Results. An examination of the distribution of individual clearance (CL) estimates suggested bimodality. Thus, the mixture model feature in NONMEM was used for the separation of subpopulations. MLR and GAM selected creatinine clearance (CRCL) and age, while TBM selected both of these covariates and weight as predictors of CL. The final NONMEM model for CL included only a linear relationship with CRCL. However, two subpopulations were identified that differed in slope and intercept. Conclusions. The findings suggest that using informative graphical and statistical techniques enhance the understanding of the data structure and lead to an efficient analysis of the data. RP Ette, EI (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BIOPHARMACEUT,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 26 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1845 EP 1855 DI 10.1023/A:1016215116835 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TN604 UT WOS:A1995TN60400005 PM 8786955 ER PT J AU FREDERICK, DL GILLAM, MP ALLEN, RR PAULE, MG AF FREDERICK, DL GILLAM, MP ALLEN, RR PAULE, MG TI ACUTE BEHAVIORAL-EFFECTS OF PHENCYCLIDINE ON RHESUS-MONKEY PERFORMANCE IN AN OPERANT TEST BATTERY SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MONKEYS PHENCYCLIDINE; MK-801; NMDA ANTAGONIST; OPERANT BEHAVIOR; LEARNING; INCREMENTAL REPEATED ACQUISITION; MEMORY; DELAYED MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; TIME ESTIMATION; TEMPORAL RESPONSE DIFFERENTIATION; MOTIVATION; PROGRESSIVE RATIO; COLOR AND POSITION DISCRIMINATION; CONDITIONED POSITION RESPONDING; FOOD REINFORCEMENT ID SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; SQUIRREL-MONKEY; MEMORY; KETAMINE; RATS; TASK AB The effects of phencyclidine (PCP; a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist) were assessed in rhesus monkeys using performance in an operant test battery (OTB) consisting of five food-reinforced tasks thought to engender responses dependent upon aspects of time estimation, short-term memory, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. End-points included percent task completed (PTC), response rate or latency, and response accuracy. Testing occurred 15 min after IV injections of PCP (0.00, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.3 mg/kg). PCP disrupted performance of all tasks at 0.30 mg/kg. PTC was significantly decreased in the time estimation, motivation, and learning tasks at doses greater than or equal to 0.13 mg/kg. PTC for the short-term memory and color and position discrimination tasks was significantly decreased at 0.18 mg/kg and above. Response rate was significantly decreased at 0.13 mg/kg and above in the motivation and learning tasks and at 0.18 mg/kg and above in the time estimation, short-term memory, and color and position discrimination tasks. Response accuracy was significantly decreased in the time estimation, short-term memory, and learning tasks at doses greater than or equal to 0.13 mg/kg, while accuracy in the color and position discrimination task was decreased only at 0.30 mg/kg. PCP's effects on OTB performance were generally nonspecific, in that the time estimation, short-term memory, learning, and motivation tasks were all equally sensitive, with the color and position discrimination task being the least sensitive. These results are different than those obtained from earlier studies on the effects of MK-801, a more selective noncompetitive NMDA antagonist. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,COMP BASED SYST INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP FREDERICK, DL (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(95)00182-V PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TF408 UT WOS:A1995TF40800022 PM 8587921 ER PT J AU HART, RW TURTURRO, A LEAKEY, J ALLABEN, WT AF HART, RW TURTURRO, A LEAKEY, J ALLABEN, WT TI DIET AND TEST ANIMALS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP HART, RW (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5241 BP 1419 EP 1421 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TH375 UT WOS:A1995TH37500003 PM 7491479 ER PT J AU JUSKO, WJ THOMSON, AW FUNG, J MCMASTER, P WONG, SH ZYLBERKATZ, E CHRISTIANS, U WINKLER, M FITZSIMONS, WE LIEBERMAN, R MCBRIDE, J KOBAYASHI, M WARTY, V SOLDIN, SJ AF JUSKO, WJ THOMSON, AW FUNG, J MCMASTER, P WONG, SH ZYLBERKATZ, E CHRISTIANS, U WINKLER, M FITZSIMONS, WE LIEBERMAN, R MCBRIDE, J KOBAYASHI, M WARTY, V SOLDIN, SJ TI CONSENSUS DOCUMENT - THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF TACROLIMUS (FK-506) SO THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Consensus Conference on Immunosuppressive Drugs CY MAY 05-07, 1995 CL LAKE LOUISE, CANADA ID LIVER-TRANSPLANT PATIENTS; T-CELL ACTIVATION; WHOLE-BLOOD; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; FK506; PLASMA; CYCLOSPORINE; ASSAY; PHARMACOKINETICS; POTENT C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. SUNY BUFFALO,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT,BUFFALO,NY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH TRANSPLANTAT INST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. QUEEN ELIZABETH MED CTR,DEPT SURG,BIRMINGHAM,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT PATHOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. HADASSAH UNIV HOSP,CLIN PHARMACOL LAB,IL-91120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. HANNOVER MED SCH,INST ALLGEMEINE PHARMAKOL,HANNOVER,GERMANY. HANNOVER MED SCH,ABDOMINAL & TRANSPLANTAT CHIRURG KLIN,HANNOVER,GERMANY. FUJISAWA USA,DEERFIELD,IL. US FDA,CDER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,CLIN CHEM LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. FUJISAWA PHARMACEUT CO LTD,DEPT MOLEC PHARMACOL,PHARMACOL RES LABS,OSAKA 532,JAPAN. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RI Fung, John/A-2679-2012; Jusko, William/G-4885-2015 NR 55 TC 195 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0163-4356 J9 THER DRUG MONIT JI Ther. Drug Monit. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 17 IS 6 BP 606 EP 614 DI 10.1097/00007691-199512000-00011 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TF697 UT WOS:A1995TF69700011 PM 8588229 ER PT J AU SHAW, LM SOLLINGER, HW HALLORAN, P MORRIS, RE YATSCOFF, RW RANSOM, J TSINA, I KEOWN, P HOLT, DW LIEBERMAN, R JAKLITSCH, A POTTER, J AF SHAW, LM SOLLINGER, HW HALLORAN, P MORRIS, RE YATSCOFF, RW RANSOM, J TSINA, I KEOWN, P HOLT, DW LIEBERMAN, R JAKLITSCH, A POTTER, J TI MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL - A REPORT OF THE CONSENSUS PANEL SO THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Consensus Conference on Immunosuppressive Drugs CY MAY 05-07, 1995 CL LAKE LOUISE, CANADA ID PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS; IMP DEHYDROGENASE; INHIBITORS; ACID; PURINE C1 UNIV PENN,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,MADISON,WI. UNIV ALBERTA,MED CTR,DIV NEPHROL & IMMUNOL,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CARDIOTHORAC SURG,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV ALBERTA,MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. SYNTEX DEV RES,PALO ALTO,CA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,ANALYT UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. SYVA CO,SAN JOSE,CA. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA HOSP,BRISBANE,QLD,AUSTRALIA. RI Halloran, Philip/J-1390-2012 OI Halloran, Philip/0000-0003-1371-1947 NR 27 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0163-4356 J9 THER DRUG MONIT JI Ther. Drug Monit. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 17 IS 6 BP 690 EP 699 DI 10.1097/00007691-199512000-00025 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TF697 UT WOS:A1995TF69700025 PM 8588243 ER PT J AU Kadlubar, FF Badawi, AF AF Kadlubar, FF Badawi, AF TI Genetic susceptibility and carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in human urinary bladder carcinogenesis SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Congress of Toxicology CY JUL 02-06, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Boeing Co, NIEHS, NIH, Soc Toxicol, USA, Dow Chem, FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, NHLBI, Sanofi Winthrop Inc, USA Med Res & Med Command, US DOE, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, BP Amer Inc, Battelle Mem Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Labs, Burroughts Wellcome Fund, Bristol Myers Squibb, DowElanco, ECETOC, Eli Lilly & Co, Genentech Inc, Hoffmann LaRoche, Johnson & Johnson, Nutrasweet, Owens Corning, Rhone Poulenc Inc, Schering Plough Res Inst, Atlantic Richfield Co, CanTox Incorp, Coca Cola Co, Colgate Palmolive, Chem Manufacturers Assoc, DuPont, Eastman Kodak Co, Hoechst Celanese, NIH, Pfizer, Proctor & Gamble, R J Reynolds Tobacco Co, Syntex Corp, TSI Corp, Warner Lambert, Zeneca Cent Toxicol Lab & Safety Med Grp, Alcon Labs, BP Goodrich Co, FMC Corp, Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Marck Res Labs, Rohm & Hass Co, Searle, SmithKline Beecham Pharm DE aromatic amines; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; urinary bladder; acetyltransferases; polymorphisms; DNA adducts ID CANCER; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ACTIVATION; METABOLISM; RISK AB Differences in human urinary bladder cancer susceptibility have often been attributed to genetic polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, especially those involved in the biotransformation of aromatic amines (AAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Metabolic activation generally involves an initial cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation to form N-hydroxy, phenol, or dihydrodiol intermediates that undergo further conjugation or oxidation to form DNA adducts. The acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, can participate in these pathways by catalyzing detoxification (by AA N-acetylation) or further activation (by N-OH-AA O-acetylation) reactions. NAT2 polymorphisms, which are due to point mutations in the structural gene, have long been associated with higher risk for bladder cancer. In collaborative studies, we now have found that NAT1 is also expressed polymorphically in human bladder due to mutations in the NAT1 polyadenylation signal, which has recently been associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Moreover, we have found that the bladder NAT1*10 genotype and phenotype are correlated with significantly higher levels of putative AA-DNA adducts in human bladder as measured by P-32-postlabelling. Preliminary data have also suggested that putative PAH-DNA adducts in human bladder are correlated with a polymorphism in the total metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by bladder microsomes and especially with the formation of BP-7,8-diol. Since each of these correlations was observed without adjusting for carcinogen intake, it would appear that, with ubiquitous human exposure to AAs and PAHs, the expression of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes may be a more critical determinant of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and of individual cancer susceptibility. RP Kadlubar, FF (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MOLEC EPIDEMIOL HFT 100,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 19 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 82-3 BP 627 EP 632 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03507-9 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TU514 UT WOS:A1995TU51400091 PM 8597119 ER PT J AU BHATTACHARYA, T DE, SK AF BHATTACHARYA, T DE, SK TI HYSTERESIS LOSS AS A MEASURE OF METAL-RUBBER ADHESION SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ADHESION; EPICHLOROHYDRIN RUBBER; CARBOXYLATED NITRILE RUBBER; RUBBER BLEND; HYSTERESIS LOSS; PEEL STRENGTH AB As in the case of reinforcing filler-induced increase in hysteresis in rubbers, placement of aluminum (Al) foil to the surface of a rubber blend of epichlorohydrin rubber and carboxylated nitrile base induces increased hysteresis of the rubber due to adhesion between Al and the rubber blend. Changes in hysteresis loss due to Al foil can be correlated with the peel strength of Al-rubber-Al joints. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 INDIAN INST TECHNOL,CTR RUBBER TECHNOL,KHARAGPUR 721302,W BENGAL,INDIA. US FDA,DIV MECH & MAT SCI,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RI De, Sadhan /H-1393-2011 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 30 PY 1995 VL 33 IS 16 BP 2183 EP 2187 DI 10.1002/polb.1995.090331601 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TB902 UT WOS:A1995TB90200001 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, LE FOLKS, TM SALOMON, DR PATTERSON, AP EGGERMAN, TE NOGUCHI, PD AF CHAPMAN, LE FOLKS, TM SALOMON, DR PATTERSON, AP EGGERMAN, TE NOGUCHI, PD TI XENOTRANSPLANTATION AND XENOGENEIC INFECTIONS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; OUTBREAK; RETROVIRUSES; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; DISEASE; AFRICA; HIV-2 C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. US FDA, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP CHAPMAN, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Salomon, Daniel/E-9380-2012 NR 47 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 30 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 22 BP 1498 EP 1501 DI 10.1056/NEJM199511303332211 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TG445 UT WOS:A1995TG44500011 PM 7477153 ER PT J AU Bloom, ET Thompson, WC HorvathArcidiacono, JA Burd, PR AF Bloom, ET Thompson, WC HorvathArcidiacono, JA Burd, PR TI Differential effects of interleukin-12 treatment on gene expression by allostimulated T cells from young and aged mice SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE CTL; interferon-gamma; perforin; granzyme; interleukin-12 ID LYMPHOCYTE MATURATION FACTOR; GRANULE SERINE PROTEASES; STIMULATORY FACTOR NKSF; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; HETERODIMERIC CYTOKINE; LYTIC ACTIVITY; PROLIFERATION; IL-12; PURIFICATION; TH1 AB Alloantigen stimulation was used to examine the effect of interleukin (IL-12) treatment of stimulated cells from young and aged mice on the expression of mRNAs for perforin and granzyme B, two proteins known to be intimately involved in an important lytic pathway used by CTL, and mRNA for interferon (IFN)-gamma, production of which is highly stimulated by IL-12 As reported previously, IL-12 augmented the lytic activity by cells from both young and aged mice, although the relative increase was greater for the latter. The mRNAs encoding perforin and granzyme B were both marginally enhanced at early time points (for cells from young mice) or throughout the stimulation (for cells from aged mice) following allo-stimulation in the presence of IL-12. The levels of augmentation of these mRNAs was consistent with the augmentation of lytic activity. In contrast, mRNA encoding IFN-gamma was markedly enhanced throughout stimulation in cells from animals of both age groups, corresponding to the more substantial increase in interferon protein in response to IL-12. RP Bloom, ET (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,CELLULAR IMMUNOL LAB HFM518,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD NOV 24 PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1016/0047-6374(95)01667-8 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TR956 UT WOS:A1995TR95600005 PM 8786658 ER PT J AU NI, YC KADLUBAR, FF FU, PP AF NI, YC KADLUBAR, FF FU, PP TI FORMATION OF MALONDIALDEHYDE-MODIFIED 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINYL ADDUCT FROM METABOLISM OF CHLORAL HYDRATE BY MOUSE-LIVER MICROSOMES SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DNA AB We previously reported that metabolism of chloral hydrate (CH), a widely used sedative and hypnotic, by male B6C3F(1) mouse liver microsomes resulted in lipid peroxidation, producing the tumorigen malondialdehyde (MDA). Now we have found that incubation of CH in the presence of calf thymus DNA resulted in the formation of an MDA-modified DNA adduct as detected by P-32-postlabeling analysis. Similar results were obtained from incubation of trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol, both metabolites of CH. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 22 PY 1995 VL 216 IS 3 BP 1110 EP 1117 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2735 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA TF713 UT WOS:A1995TF71300052 PM 7488187 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI PROPOSAL FOR EMERGENCY USE RESEARCH SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,FDA PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 20 BP 1578 EP 1578 DI 10.1001/jama.274.20.1578 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TE738 UT WOS:A1995TE73800004 PM 7474231 ER PT J AU Mondoro, TH Alayash, AI Ryan, BAB Terle, DA Vostal, JG AF Mondoro, TH Alayash, AI Ryan, BAB Terle, DA Vostal, JG TI Hemoglobin A(0) potentiates platelet aggregation by catalyzing the conversion of released arachidonic acid to PGE(2) and PGF(2 alpha). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2179 EP 2179 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TH910 UT WOS:A1995TH91002179 ER PT J AU Vostal, JG Shafer, B AF Vostal, JG Shafer, B TI Endogenous ADP prevents PGE(1)-induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in thrombin-activated platelets. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2440 EP 2440 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TH910 UT WOS:A1995TH91002441 ER PT J AU Benson, K Leparc, G Vega, R Zorsky, P Fields, K Hiemenz, J Bazzini, M Sandin, R Tourault, MA Greene, J AF Benson, K Leparc, G Vega, R Zorsky, P Fields, K Hiemenz, J Bazzini, M Sandin, R Tourault, MA Greene, J TI Fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis due to apheresis platelet contamination. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,H LEE MOFFITT CANC CTR,TAMPA,FL 33682. CBER,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3402 EP 3402 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TH910 UT WOS:A1995TH91003403 ER PT J AU Pastakia, K Brownson, N Terle, D Harvath, L AF Pastakia, K Brownson, N Terle, D Harvath, L TI Adhesion of unactivated platelets to chemotactically-responsive and non-responsive neutrophils. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3609 EP 3609 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TH910 UT WOS:A1995TH91003610 ER PT J AU BELL, DA BADAWI, AF LANG, NP ILETT, KF KADLUBAR, FF HIRVONEN, A AF BELL, DA BADAWI, AF LANG, NP ILETT, KF KADLUBAR, FF HIRVONEN, A TI POLYMORPHISM IN THE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE-1 (NAT1) POLYADENYLATION SIGNAL - ASSOCIATION OF NAT1-ASTERISK-10 ALLELE WITH HIGHER N-ACETYLATION ACTIVITY IN BLADDER AND COLON TISSUE SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; MESSENGER-RNA; CARCINOGENS; GENE; EXPRESSION AB Exposures to carcinogens present in the diet, in cigarette smoke, or in the environment have been associated with increased risk of bladder and colorectal cancer, The aromatic amines and their metabolites, a class of carcinogen implicated in these exposures, can be N- or O-acetylated by the NAT1 and NAT2 enzymes. Acetylation may result in activation to DNA-reactive metabolites or, in some cases, detoxification. Many studies have focused on genetic variation in NAT2 and its potential as a risk factor in bladder and colorectal cancer; however, NAT1 activity is higher in bladder and colonic mucosa than NAT2, and the NAT1 enzyme also exhibits phenotypic variation among human tissue samples, We hypothesized that specific genetic variants in the polyadenylation signal of the NAT1 gene would alter tissue levels of NAT1 enzyme activity and used a PCR-based method to distinguish polymorphic NAT1 alleles in samples obtained from 45 individuals, When the NAT1 genotype was compared with the NAT1 phenotype in bladder and colon tissue samples (p-aminobenzoic acid activity), we observed a similar to 2-fold higher NAT1 enzyme activity in samples from individuals who inherited a variant polyadenylation signal (NAT1*10 allele). This is the first observation relating a genetic polymorphism in NAT1 to a rapid/slow NAT1 phenotype in humans. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MOLEC EPIDEMIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS,CANC RES CTR,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,DEPT PHARMACOL,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. RP BELL, DA (reprint author), NIEHS,BIOCHEM RISK ANAL LAB,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 32 TC 213 Z9 221 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 22 BP 5226 EP 5229 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TD887 UT WOS:A1995TD88700022 PM 7585580 ER PT J AU BADAWI, AF HIRVONEN, A BELL, DA LANG, NP KADLUBAR, FF AF BADAWI, AF HIRVONEN, A BELL, DA LANG, NP KADLUBAR, FF TI ROLE OF AROMATIC AMINE ACETYLTRANSFERASES, NAT1 AND NAT2, IN CARCINOGEN-DNA ADDUCT FORMATION IN THE HUMAN URINARY-BLADDER SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXFOLIATED UROTHELIAL CELLS; DEPENDENT METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HUMAN UROEPITHELIAL CELLS; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; CANCER; ACETYLATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHENOTYPE; RISK AB The metabolic activation and detoxification pathways associated with the carcinogenic aromatic amines provide an extraordinary model of polymorphisms that can modulate human urinary bladder carcinogenesis, In this study, the metabolic N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to N-acetyl-PABA (NAT1 activity) and of sulfamethazine (SMZ) to N-acetyl-SMZ (NAT2 activity), as well as the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl (OAT activity; catalyzed by NAT1 and NAT2), were measured in tissue cytosols prepared from 26 different human bladder samples; then DNA was isolated for determination of NAT1 and NAT2 genotype and for analyses of carcinogen-DNA adducts. Both PABA and OAT activities were detected, with mean activities +/- SD of 2.9 +/- 2.3 mmol/min/mg protein and 1.4 +/- 0.7 pmol bound/mg DNA/min/mg protein, respectively, However, SMZ activities were below the assay limits of detection (< 10 pmol/min/mg protein), The levels of putative carcinogen-DNA adducts were quantified by P-32-postlabeling and averaged 2.34 +/- 2.09 adducts/10(8) deoxyribonucleotide phosphate (dNp). Moreover, the DNA adduct levels in these tissues correlated with their NAT1-dependent PABA activities (r = 0.52; P < 0.01) but not with their OAT activities, Statistical and probit analyses indicated that this NAT1 activity was not normally distributed and appeared bimodal, Applying the NAT1:OAT activity ratios (N:O ratio) allowed arbitrary designation of rapid and slow NAT1 phenotypes, with a cutpoint near the median value, Within each of these subgroups, NAT1 correlated with OAT (P < 0.05); DNA adduct levels were elevated 2-fold in individuals with the rapid NAT1 or NAT1/OAT phenotype. Examination of DNA sequence polymorphisms in the NAT1 gene by PCR have demonstrated that an NAT1 polyadenylation polymorphism is associated with differences in tissue NAT1 enzyme activity; accordingly, NAT1 activity in the bladder of individuals with the heterozygous NAT1*10 allele was 2-fold higher than in subjects homozygous for the putative wild-type NAT1*4 allele, Likewise, DIVA adduct levels in the mucosa of the urinary bladder were found to be 2-fold (P < 0.05) higher in individuals with the heterozygous NAT1*10 allele (3.5 +/- 2.1 adducts/10(8) dNp) as compared to NAT1*4 homozygous (1.8 +/- 1.9 adducts/10(8) dNp). Thus, these data provide strong support for the hypothesis that NAT1 activity in the urinary bladder mucosa represents a major bioactivation step that converts urinary N-hydroxy arylamines to reactive N-acetoxy esters that form covalent DNA adducts. Since previous studies have indicated that hepatic NAT2 activity is an important detoxification step for bladder carcinogenesis, one would predict that individuals who inherit slow NAT2 and rapid NAT1 (NAT1*10) genotypes would be at highest risk, Although our sample size was limited, this combined genotype indeed exhibited the highest adduct level (4.2 +/- 1.6 adducts/10(8) dNp) and the highest NAT1 activity (5.8 +/- 2.5 nnol/min/mg protein) among all other combined NAT1-NAT2 genotypes, Together, these data provide the first evidence that phenotypic and genotypic polymorphisms in both NAT1 and NAT2 are predictive of DNA adduct levels in human urinary bladder. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MOLEC EPIDEMIOL HFT100,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NIEHS,BIOCHEM RISK ANAL LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV ARKANSAS,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 74 TC 196 Z9 198 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 22 BP 5230 EP 5237 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TD887 UT WOS:A1995TD88700023 PM 7585581 ER PT J AU FESTING, MFW WOLFF, GL AF FESTING, MFW WOLFF, GL TI RE - INBRED STRAINS OF LABORATORY-ANIMALS - SUPERIOR TO OUTBRED MICE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP FESTING, MFW (reprint author), UNIV LEICESTER,MRC,TOXICOL UNIT,LEICESTER,LEICS,ENGLAND. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 15 PY 1995 VL 87 IS 22 BP 1715 EP 1715 DI 10.1093/jnci/87.22.1715 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TD409 UT WOS:A1995TD40900016 PM 7473821 ER PT J AU BOWYER, JF CLAUSING, P GOUGH, B SLIKKER, W HOLSON, RR AF BOWYER, JF CLAUSING, P GOUGH, B SLIKKER, W HOLSON, RR TI NITRIC-OXIDE REGULATION OF METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED DOPAMINE RELEASE IN CAUDATE-PUTAMEN SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DOPAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; NITRIC OXIDE; MICRODIALYSIS ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; STRIATAL SLICES; H-3 DOPAMINE; RAT STRIATUM; NERVE-TERMINALS; EVOKED RELEASE; NMDA RECEPTORS; AMINO-ACIDS; BRAIN; GLUTAMATE AB A possible role for NO modulation of dopamine (DA) release in the caudate/putamen (CPU) during methamphetamine (METH) exposure was investigated using in vivo microdialysis in rats. Inclusion of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors N-G-nitro-L-arginine (NOARG), N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or D-NAME (less potent inhibitor) in the microdialysis buffer prior to METH minimally affected basal levels of DA, DOPAC or HVA in CPU microdialysate. However, L-NAME and NOARG produced concentration-dependent decreases of up to 64% (100 mu M) in CPU DA levels in microdialysate during exposure to four doses of METH (5 mg/kg i.p./2 h), with lesser effects on DOPAC or HVA. Reversal of the NOARG inhibition was produced by inclusion of 500 mu M of either L-arginine or L-citrulline in the microdialysate. D-NAME (100 mu M) minimally affected levels of DA or metabolites. Paradoxically, inclusion of from 20 to 2 mu M of the NOx generators isosorbide dinitrate (ISON) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the microdialysis buffer decreased DA and DOPAC levels in microdialysate during METH exposure. This paradox might result from the concentrations of NOx produced by SNP or ISON being great and not regionally specific resulting in inhibition of DA release and/or synthesis while the NO generated endogenously during METH exposure may have localized and site-specific actions. Alternatively, NOx may inhibit NOS or other enzymes in the NO synthesis pathway, thereby reducing levels of an intermediate (other than NO) which potentiates DA release. In their entirety, our results indicate that NO generation in the CPU may augment the release of DA during METH exposure. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP BOWYER, JF (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 54 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD NOV 13 PY 1995 VL 699 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00877-S PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TF352 UT WOS:A1995TF35200007 PM 8616614 ER PT J AU SZARFMAN, A KUCHENBERG, T SORETH, J LAJMANOVICH, S AF SZARFMAN, A KUCHENBERG, T SORETH, J LAJMANOVICH, S TI DECLARING THE SODIUM CONTENT OF DRUG PRODUCTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SZARFMAN, A (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 9 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 19 BP 1291 EP 1291 DI 10.1056/NEJM199511093331917 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TC715 UT WOS:A1995TC71500027 PM 7566018 ER PT J AU POGUE, GP LEE, NS KOUL, S DWYER, DM NAKHASI, HL AF POGUE, GP LEE, NS KOUL, S DWYER, DM NAKHASI, HL TI IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI GENES USING ARBITRARILY PRIMED POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTIONS SO GENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHISMS; CLONING; PROMASTIGOTES; AMASTIGOTES; MARKERS; ANTIGEN; FAMILY; RNA; PCR AB Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reactions (AP-PCR) were used to amplify polymorphic DNA fragments from the genomes of a variety of geographic isolates of Leishmania donovani (Ld). From the latter, five polymorphic DNA fragments were cloned and sequence analysis identified 15 unique clones. Northern blot analysis showed that 13 of the 15 clones hybridized to transcribed RNAs isolated from Id. Eight of these 13 AP-PCR clones specifically hybridized to Ld RNAs that were differentially expressed in promastigote and 'amastigote' cells. Comparative Northern analysis of four differentially expressed AP-PCR clones indicated that two clones, LdS-14-14 and LdI-9-7, were expressed in Ld and several other Leishmania species. However, RNAs corresponding to two other AP-PCR clones, LdE-6-1 and LdI-9-5, were detected only in members of the Ld complex, and not in L. major (Lm) or L. tropica (Lt). Comparative Southern blot analysis of the LdS-14-14 locus revealed numerous restriction-fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) distinguishing Lm and Lt from the Ld isolates and L. infantum. However, the LdS-14-14 loci were mapped to similar-sized chromosomes observed among all Old World Leishmania species tested, indicating that localized nucleotide divergence, not chromosomal rearrangement, was responsible for altered Southern blot patterns. These results demonstrate that AP-PCR is a very useful method for identifying expressed gene sequences in organisms of relatively low-complexity genomes. Interestingly, the majority of these sequences identified in this study correspond to differentially expressed genes. The value of this method lies in its ability to rapidly and randomly sample diverse portions of an organism's genome, in order to identify interesting and unique sequences. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DHP,LMP,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,CELL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 7 PY 1995 VL 165 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00461-E PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TF524 UT WOS:A1995TF52400005 PM 7489912 ER PT J AU DAWES, SS CROUCH, RJ MORRIS, SL MIZRAHI, V AF DAWES, SS CROUCH, RJ MORRIS, SL MIZRAHI, V TI CLONING, SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS, OVERPRODUCTION IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RNASE HI FROM MYCOBACTERIUM-SMEGMATIS SO GENE LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS HB8; STABLE DNA-REPLICATION; RIBONUCLEASE-H; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DEFECTIVE MUTANTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE; EXPRESSION; RESOLUTION AB Activity gel analysis of cell extracts from slow- and fast-growing mycobacteria confirmed the presence of several RNase H activities in both classes of organism. The rnhA gene from Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) was subsequently cloned using an internal gene segment probe [Mizrahi et al., Gene 136 (1993) 287-290]. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 159 amino acids that shares 50% identity with the RNase HI from Escherichia coli (Ec). However, unlike its counterparts from Gram(-) bacteria, Ms rnhA does not form an overlapping divergent transcriptional unit with dnaQ (encoding the epsilon (proofreading) subunit of DNA polymerase III), Ms RNase HI was overproduced in Ec as an enzymatically active maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion protein which cleaved the RNA strand of an RNA . DNA hybrid with a similar site selectivity to that of its Ec homologue. C1 S AFRICAN INST MED RES,MOLEC BIOL UNIT,JOHANNESBURG 2000,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV WITWATERSRAND,SCH MED,DEPT HAEMATOL,JOHANNESBURG 2193,SOUTH AFRICA. NIH,GENET MOLEC LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,MYCOBACTERIA LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 7 PY 1995 VL 165 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00523-9 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TF524 UT WOS:A1995TF52400012 PM 7489919 ER PT J AU BERN, C PHILEN, RM FREDMAN, D BOWMAN, BA NEWMAN, NJ GERR, F RIDEL, GM PENA, EZ MALILAY, J MILLER, DT SOWELL, AL MILLER, MA FLANDERS, WD FALTER, KH OLSON, DR KILBOURNE, EM SINKS, T ING, R STAEHLING, N BOYD, M GUNTER, EW PASCHAL, DC MUELLER, PW SPIERTO, FW NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH ASHLEY, DL HANNON, WH MARQUEZ, AR FERNANDEZ, JRD HADAD, JH MILORD, DR CRISTIA, RP PEREZ, MAH VERDURA, CS ALBA, MAM HODELIN, MT GORBEA, MB DIAZ, ED HIORTLORENZEN, CLC CLUA, AM GUTIERREZ, PM ACOSTA, SJ CABRERA, A FERNANDEZ, MM FREIXAS, RS ESTRADA, R ARIAS, L MESTRE, PF PLA, E ROMERO, MC FERRET, AC LLANOS, G JIMENEZ, JS ROMAN, GC OBERMEYER, W CASTRO, MD RUIZ, CAP RICO, NS BETANCOURT, IP FUENTES, BEE CABRERA, AP CALDELLICEHIO, LET MEDINA, AG GOMEZ, N MOJARRIETA, MS VARA, JAC PORTALES, JMR HERNANDEZ, GR GINALY, SM GARCIA, PP GARCIA, M HERNANDEZ, CS DIAZ, EI RECIO, EM GARCIA, SH SANCHEZ, AL VALDES, P RODRIGUEZ, OM OLIVA, NB DIAZ, D PEREZ, MC HERNANDEZ, MCR GONEZ, JMR AMADO, SN DELLLANO, AC BREIJO, DH ACOSTA, AC GONZALEZ, MM ROMERO, RM CHAVEZ, OC VALDES, MH OTERO, GR CABALLERO, MM VALDES, AG OLIVERA, BR BENITEZ, EE BEADE, C LEON, LS MARIMON, FD ROMAN, AS RODRIGUEZ, R RODRIGUEZ, FD ALVAREZ, MR COLUMBE, MS MARRERO, A ZULUETA, D GARCIA, CR SANTOS, JPA PEDROSO, F RODRIGUEZ, HM VALDES, NM ACOSTA, MS CHOBEL, ER GODOY, MM LUGO, MM LOPEZ, LL DIAZ, EM MARTINEZ, JCB DELGADO, NA VALDES, MT MORENO, ARD SANCHEZ, SH HERNANDEZ, LEP VALDES, OM MARTINEZ, AO DOMINGUEZ, I DEARMAS, MR IGLESIAS, OR CASTELL, OR TRUJILLO, OG BEUNE, MDM RODRIGUEZ, FM MEDINA, RM RUIZCALDERON, JC FERNANDEZ, B BARROSO, EV MACHIN, JL ARMENTEROS, LR MENDEZ, CV PEREZ, JH CAMPOS, AC DIAZ, NA PEREZ, AO MILIAN, J LEON, OH CAPOTE, BR LEZCANOS, MR EZMORIZ, LP MOYA, O VITRIAGO, A MURGUIA, AU AF BERN, C PHILEN, RM FREDMAN, D BOWMAN, BA NEWMAN, NJ GERR, F RIDEL, GM PENA, EZ MALILAY, J MILLER, DT SOWELL, AL MILLER, MA FLANDERS, WD FALTER, KH OLSON, DR KILBOURNE, EM SINKS, T ING, R STAEHLING, N BOYD, M GUNTER, EW PASCHAL, DC MUELLER, PW SPIERTO, FW NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH ASHLEY, DL HANNON, WH MARQUEZ, AR FERNANDEZ, JRD HADAD, JH MILORD, DR CRISTIA, RP PEREZ, MAH VERDURA, CS ALBA, MAM HODELIN, MT GORBEA, MB DIAZ, ED HIORTLORENZEN, CLC CLUA, AM GUTIERREZ, PM ACOSTA, SJ CABRERA, A FERNANDEZ, MM FREIXAS, RS ESTRADA, R ARIAS, L MESTRE, PF PLA, E ROMERO, MC FERRET, AC LLANOS, G JIMENEZ, JS ROMAN, GC OBERMEYER, W CASTRO, MD RUIZ, CAP RICO, NS BETANCOURT, IP FUENTES, BEE CABRERA, AP CALDELLICEHIO, LET MEDINA, AG GOMEZ, N MOJARRIETA, MS VARA, JAC PORTALES, JMR HERNANDEZ, GR GINALY, SM GARCIA, PP GARCIA, M HERNANDEZ, CS DIAZ, EI RECIO, EM GARCIA, SH SANCHEZ, AL VALDES, P RODRIGUEZ, OM OLIVA, NB DIAZ, D PEREZ, MC HERNANDEZ, MCR GONEZ, JMR AMADO, SN DELLLANO, AC BREIJO, DH ACOSTA, AC GONZALEZ, MM ROMERO, RM CHAVEZ, OC VALDES, MH OTERO, GR CABALLERO, MM VALDES, AG OLIVERA, BR BENITEZ, EE BEADE, C LEON, LS MARIMON, FD ROMAN, AS RODRIGUEZ, R RODRIGUEZ, FD ALVAREZ, MR COLUMBE, MS MARRERO, A ZULUETA, D GARCIA, CR SANTOS, JPA PEDROSO, F RODRIGUEZ, HM VALDES, NM ACOSTA, MS CHOBEL, ER GODOY, MM LUGO, MM LOPEZ, LL DIAZ, EM MARTINEZ, JCB DELGADO, NA VALDES, MT MORENO, ARD SANCHEZ, SH HERNANDEZ, LEP VALDES, OM MARTINEZ, AO DOMINGUEZ, I DEARMAS, MR IGLESIAS, OR CASTELL, OR TRUJILLO, OG BEUNE, MDM RODRIGUEZ, FM MEDINA, RM RUIZCALDERON, JC FERNANDEZ, B BARROSO, EV MACHIN, JL ARMENTEROS, LR MENDEZ, CV PEREZ, JH CAMPOS, AC DIAZ, NA PEREZ, AO MILIAN, J LEON, OH CAPOTE, BR LEZCANOS, MR EZMORIZ, LP MOYA, O VITRIAGO, A MURGUIA, AU TI EPIDEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY IN CUBA - CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK-FACTORS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOPIA AB Background. From 1991 to 1993, epidemic optic and peripheral neuropathy affected more than 50,000 people in Cuba. The number of new cases decreased after the initiation of vitamin supplementation in the population. In September 1993, Cuban and U.S. investigators conducted a study to characterize and identify risk factors for the optic form of the syndrome. Methods. We conducted ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations, assessed exposure to potential toxins, administered a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and assessed serum measures of nutritional status in 123 patients with severe optic neuropathy, matched for sex and age to randomly chosen normal subjects. Results. In the case patients, prominent clinical features were subacute loss of visual acuity with field defects, diminished color vision, optic-nerve pallor, and decreased sensitivity to vibration and temperature in the legs. Tobacco use, particularly cigar smoking, was associated with an increased risk of optic neuropathy. The risk was reduced among subjects with higher dietary intakes of methionine, vitamin B-12, riboflavin, and niacin and higher serum concentrations of antioxidant carotenoids, The risk was also reduced among subjects who raised chickens at home or had relatives living overseas - factors that may be indirect measures of increased food availability. Conclusions. The epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in Cuba between 1991 and 1993 appears to be linked to reduced nutrient intake caused by the country's deteriorating economic situation and the high prevalence of tobacco use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MINIST PUBL HLTH CUBA,HAVANA,CUBA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Hernandez Triana, Manuel/B-4513-2015 OI Hernandez Triana, Manuel/0000-0002-2752-2592 NR 38 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 2 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 18 BP 1176 EP 1182 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TB560 UT WOS:A1995TB56000003 ER PT J AU KESSLER, DA AF KESSLER, DA TI NICOTINE ADDICTION IN YOUNG-PEOPLE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP KESSLER, DA (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 2 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 18 BP 1226 EP 1226 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TB560 UT WOS:A1995TB56000033 ER PT J AU WIESENFELD, PL AF WIESENFELD, PL TI NUTRITION LABELING - ENERGY VALUES OF FOODS AND FAT SUBSTITUTES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE NUTRITION LABELING AND EDUCATION ACT; NLEA; FOOD LABELING; KILOJOULES; CALORIES; ENERGY; FOOD FACTORS; FAT SUBSTITUTES; FAT REPLACERS AB The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requires the listing of all food ingredients on the label. However, until this year, nutrition labeling for most foods was not required. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, passed by the US Congress in November 1990, requires nutrition labeling (on the package or at the site of purchase) of virtually all foods packaged after May 8, 1994. (A law was passed by Congress and signed by the President of the United States on May 26, 1994, that delayed applicability of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act until after August 8, 1994, for certain products whose labels were printed before May 8, 1994, and for which there was supporting documentation that after August 8, 1994, the product labels would be in compliance.) Prominent among the nutrition information required is labeling of the total energy content of food and the energy content derived from fat. In Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, five methods are specified for determining the energy content of foods. The US Food and Drug Administration expects also to include specific food factors (digestibility coefficients) in food additive and GRAS (generally recognized as safe) listings for calculating the energy values of novel foods and ingredients. RP WIESENFELD, PL (reprint author), US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, OFF SPECIAL NUTR, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 62 IS 5 SU S BP 1143 EP 1146 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TD184 UT WOS:A1995TD18400017 ER PT J AU ELLWOOD, KC AF ELLWOOD, KC TI METHODS AVAILABLE TO ESTIMATE THE ENERGY VALUES OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SUGAR ALCOHOLS; ENERGY VALUE; SORBITOL; MALTITOL ID MALTITOL; SORBITOL; METABOLISM; RATS; DIGESTIBILITY; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION; INGESTION; DIGESTION; INTESTINE AB There is increased interest in the use of sugar alcohols as substitutes for sucrose in various food products. Part of this interest is derived from studies suggesting that sugar alcohols may have lower energy values because of the way they are metabolized. Contributing to the complexity is the fact that not all sugar alcohols are similarly metabolized. Indirect and direct methods used to assess the energy value of sugar alcohols have often yielded conflicting data. Energy values obtained using mathematical models have been adopted by some countries to account for metabolic processes associated with sugar alcohol digestion and absorption. I focus on two sugar alcohols, sorbitol and maltitol, and describe various methods that have been used to assess their energy value. C1 US FDA, OFF SPECIAL NUTR, DIV SCI & APPL TECHNOL, LAUREL, MD USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 62 IS 5 SU S BP 1169 EP 1174 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TD184 UT WOS:A1995TD18400022 ER PT J AU LITTLEFIELD, NA HASS, BS AF LITTLEFIELD, NA HASS, BS TI DAMAGE TO DNA BY CADMIUM OR NICKEL IN THE PRESENCE OF ASCORBATE SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANTS; LYMPHOCYTES; INHIBITION; CANCER; REPAIR; ACID AB The interactive effects of the anti-oxidant ascorbate (Asc) and the metals cadmium (Cd, as CdCl2) or nickel (Ni, as NiCl2) on the in vitro formation of breaks in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (d/s DNA) were determined. Concentrations of 50 mu M Cd or 200 mu M Ni were dosed for 4 hours in factorial combinations with 500 mu M Asc in RPMI 1640 medium (7 percent bovine serum) in which AHH-1 TK+/- cells (a spontaneously transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell line by Gentest Corp.) were replicating. In combination with Asc, Cd caused significant dis DNA breaks (p < 0.01, n = 5), while Cd in the absence of Asc produced only a slight (but not significantly different) amount of dis DNA damage when compared to the cells with no Cd added. The Asc alone was not damaging. The Cd caused damage to the d/s DNA only when Asc was present. The percent of dis DNA remaining following the respective treatments was: + Cd + Asc, 13 +/- 3; + Cd - Asc, 46 +/- 8; - Cd + Asc, 54 +/- 5; - Cd - Asc, 55 +/- 7. Conversely, the presence of Ni resulted in increased amounts (percent) of d/s DNA compared to control values: +Ni+Asc, 63 +/- 5; +Ni-Asc, 58 +/- 5; -Ni+Asc, 52 +/- 1; -Ni-Asc, 51 +/- 4, (p < 0.05, n = 3). The contrasting results between Cd and Ni in the presence of Asc may reside in the point of action; while Cd acts directly on DNA, Ni is reported to act on heterochromatin. Although Asc is a recognized anti-oxidant, its presence in the media mixture potentiated d/s DNA damage from the Cd. This may be caused by a Fenton-type reaction in which an antioxidant in the presence of metal generates hydroxyl radicals and consequently dis DNA breaks. Oxidative reactions between metals, oxygen, and antioxidants such as Asc may represent an important mechanism of cell death, toxicity, and transformation. RP LITTLEFIELD, NA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CLINICAL SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1833 DELANCEY PLACE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA TF608 UT WOS:A1995TF60800003 PM 8572557 ER PT J AU BURLINGTON, DB AF BURLINGTON, DB TI AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS AND THE UNITED-STATES FOOD-AND-DRUG-ADMINISTRATION - AN INVITED COMMENTARY SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Note RP BURLINGTON, DB (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,HFZ 3,9200 CORP BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 26 IS 5 BP 632 EP 634 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70016-1 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA TC863 UT WOS:A1995TC86300016 ER PT J AU ROUSE, DA LI, ZM BAI, GH MORRIS, SL AF ROUSE, DA LI, ZM BAI, GH MORRIS, SL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE KATG AND INHA GENES OF ISONIAZID-RESISTANT CLINICAL ISOLATES OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CATALASE-PEROXIDASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; EXPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; TRANSFORMATION; MUTATIONS; MUTANTS AB Resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been associated with mutations in genes encoding the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase (katG) and the InhA protein (inhA), Among the 26 isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates evaluated in this study, mutations in putative inhA regulatory sequences were identified in 2 catalase-positive isolates, katG gene alterations were detected in 20 strains, and 4 isolates had wild-type katG and inhA genes, Mutations in the katG gene were detected in all 11 catalase negative isolates: one frameshift insertion, two partial gene deletions, and nine different missense mutations were identified, An arginine-to-leucine substitution at position 463 was detected in nine catalase-positive isolates, However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the presence of a leucine at codon 463 did not alter the activity of the M. tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase and did not affect the capacity of this enzyme to restore isoniazid susceptibility to isoniazid-resistant, KatG-defective Mycobacterium smegmatis pi-ii cells, These studies further support the association between katG and inhA gene mutations and isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis, while also suggesting that other undefined mechanisms of isoniazid resistance exist. C1 US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, MYCOBACTERIA LAB, HFM 431, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 37 TC 111 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2472 EP 2477 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TD129 UT WOS:A1995TD12900018 PM 8585728 ER PT J AU SINHA, R ROTHMAN, N MARK, SD MURRAY, S BROWN, ED LEVANDER, OA DAVIES, DS LANG, NP KADLUBAR, FF HOOVER, RN AF SINHA, R ROTHMAN, N MARK, SD MURRAY, S BROWN, ED LEVANDER, OA DAVIES, DS LANG, NP KADLUBAR, FF HOOVER, RN TI LOWER LEVELS OF URINARY 2-AMINO-3,8-DIMETHYLIMIDAZO[4,5-F]QUINOXALINE (MEIQX) IN HUMANS WITH HIGHER CYP1A2 ACTIVITY SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Note ID HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC-AMINES; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; CARCINOGENS; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; 2-AMINO-3,4,8-TRIMETHYLIMIDAZO<4,5-F>QUINOXALINE; EXPOSURE; LIVER; BEEF; FOOD; RAT AB Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), such as 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), are metabolically activated by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2), We examined the relationship between CYP1A2 and NAT2 activity and the excretion of total unconjugated MeIQx in 66 healthy subjects, The subjects ate a controlled diet for 7 days containing lean ground beef cooked at low temperature. On day 8, they were tested for CYP1A2, and NAT2 activity by caffeine phenotyping, On the evening of day 8, subjects consumed lean ground beef cooked at high temperature containing 9.0 ng of MeIQx/g of meat. The subjects ate 3.1-4.0 g meat/kg body wt. Twelve-hour urine samples were collected and MeIQx was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Using linear regression analyses, we found that higher CYP1A2 activity was associated with lower levels of total unconjugated MeIQx in the urine (P = 0.008) when adjusted for amount of meat eaten, while NAT2 activity showed no relationship with the latter, This suggests that a greater percentage of MeIQx is converted to metabolites such as the N-hydroxy derivative when CYP1A2 activity is higher, This finding supports the concept that interindividual variation in CYP1A2 activity may be relevant for cancers associated with exposure to HAAs. C1 ROYAL POSTGRAD MED SCH,DEPT CLIN PHARMACOL,LONDON W12 0NN,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,ARKANSAS CANC RES CTR,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP SINHA, R (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & GENET,EXECUT PLAZA N,RM 443,6130 EXECUT BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892, USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 1995 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2859 EP 2861 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.11.2859 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TG194 UT WOS:A1995TG19400037 PM 7586210 ER PT J AU POGRIBNY, IP POIRIER, LA JAMES, SJ AF POGRIBNY, IP POIRIER, LA JAMES, SJ TI DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY TO LOSS OF CYTOSINE METHYL-GROUPS WITHIN THE HEPATIC P53 GENE OF FOLATE/METHYL DEFICIENT RATS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Note ID DNA METHYLATION; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; DIET; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; CANCER AB Dietary folate/methyl deficiency provides a unique model of endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis in which to study progressive alterations in DNA methylation patterns during tumor progression in vivo. Weanling male F344 rats were given a semi-purified diet deficient in the methyl donors choline, methionine and folic acid for a period of 9 weeks, Using a genomic sequencing procedure based on the PCR amplification of bisulfite-modified DNA, the methylation status of individual CpG sites within exons 6 and 7 of the p53 gene in liver samples from control and deficient rats was determined, Treatment of denatured nuclear DNA with sodium bisulfite quantitatively converts all cytosine residues to uracil which are then amplified as thymine in the PCR reaction, In contrast, 5-methylcytosine is resistant to bisulfite deamination under the reaction conditions and is amplified as cytosine, Automated sequencing of bisulfite-modified DNA will then elucidate the methylation status of each cytosine residue within a defined gene sequence, In addition to evaluation of the methylation status of the p53 gene, the relative activity of the DNA methyltransferase was also quantified in nuclear extracts from control and folate/methyl deficient rats, The results indicated that specific 5-methyl cytosines within the hepatic p53 gene from methyl deficient rats are resistant to demethylation despite the diet-induced decrease in S-adenosylmethionine and the increase in cell proliferation associated with this dietary intervention, Progressive demethylation was observed at other methylated cytosine residues in folate/methyl deficient rats after 9 weeks despite a paradoxical increase in DNA methyltransferase activity, The application of this sequence-specific technology will allow the definition of the methylation status of every CpG site within a coding sequence or promoter region and should provide new insights into mechanisms and consequences of methylation dysregulation during progressive multistage carcinogenesis. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 1995 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2863 EP 2867 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.11.2863 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TG194 UT WOS:A1995TG19400038 PM 7586211 ER PT J AU FINBLOOM, DS LARNER, AC AF FINBLOOM, DS LARNER, AC TI REGULATION OF THE JAK STAT SIGNALING PATHWAY SO CELLULAR SIGNALLING LA English DT Review DE CYTOKINES; INTERFERONS; INTERLEUKINS; GAMMA INTERFERON ACTIVATED SITE ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; INTERFERON-ALPHA; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY; CELLULAR-RESPONSE; GAMMA; RECEPTOR; INVOLVEMENT; CELLS RP FINBLOOM, DS (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,29 LINCOLN DR MSC 4555,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0898-6568 J9 CELL SIGNAL JI Cell. Signal. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 7 IS 8 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1016/0898-6568(95)02004-7 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TF601 UT WOS:A1995TF60100001 PM 8593242 ER PT J AU Debinski, W Obiri, NI Powers, SK Pastan, I Puri, RK AF Debinski, W Obiri, NI Powers, SK Pastan, I Puri, RK TI Human glioma cells overexpress receptors for interleukin 13 and are extremely sensitive to a novel chimeric protein composed of interleukin 13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS; HUMAN-MALIGNANT GLIOMA; FUSION PROTEINS; BRAIN-TUMORS; EXPRESSION; TOXIN; AERUGINOSA; GENE; MICE AB Recently, we have demonstrated that a spectrum of human adenocarcinoma cell lines express binding sites for interleukin 13 (IL-13). These cells are killed by a chimeric protein composed of human (h) IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin, PE38QQR (Debinski et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270: 16775-16780, 1995). The cell killing was hIL13- and hIL-4-specific, indicating that a common binding site for the two cytokines is present in several solid tumor cell lines. Herein, we report that an array of established glioma cell lines is killed by very low concentrations of hIL-13-PE38QQR, often reaching <1 ng/ml(<20 pM). Glioma cells express up to 30,000 molecules of IL-13 receptor/cell which has intermediate affinity toward hIL-13. hIL-13-PE38QQR is more active (up to 3 logs difference in cytotoxic activities) than are the corresponding chimeric toxins containing hIL-4 or hIL-6. The cytotoxic action of hIL-13-PE38QQR is blocked by an excess of hIL-13 on all cell lines studied, and it is not neutralized by hIL-4 on some of these cells. Our results show that human brain cancers richly express receptors for IL-13. Furthermore, the interaction detected previously between receptors for IL-13 and IL-4 on solid tumors cell lines is of a qualitatively different character in U-251 MG and U-373 MG glioma cells, The receptor for IL-13 may represent a new marker of brain cancers and an attractive target for anticancer therapies. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES,MOLEC TUMOR BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20895. NCI,DIV CANC BIOL DIAG & CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Debinski, W (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,COLL MED,DEPT SURG,DIV NEUROSURG,BRB C3844,HERSHEY,PA 17033, USA. NR 33 TC 161 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1253 EP 1258 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TL086 UT WOS:A1995TL08600003 PM 9815919 ER PT J AU FRASCH, CE AF FRASCH, CE TI HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B CONJUGATE AND COMBINATION VACCINES SO CLINICAL IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review ID ALASKA NATIVE INFANTS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; HBOC VACCINE; DISEASE; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines represent a new technology wherein an immunogen is targeted to a specific immune response mechanism. Covalent attachment of the Hib polysaccharide to a protein carrier converts the T cell-independent polysaccharide antigen into a protein-like T cell-dependent antigen. The polysaccharide alone is poorly immunogenic in infants (less than or equal to 12 months old), and conjugation to a protein carrier results in a protein-like antibody response to the Hib polysaccharide in infants. Conjugate vaccines induce mostly IgG antibodies and immunological memory. Later vaccination or natural exposure then induces a booster response to the Hib polysaccharide. These conjugate vaccines have dramatically reduced the incidence of Hib disease in many industrialised countries, and also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of Hib in unvaccinated children in populations in which the vaccine is used. The Hib conjugates have now been combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine to reduce the number of injections required for infants. Finally, the conjugate technology that has permitted the near elimination of Hib disease has now been extended to other invasive encapsulated bacterial pathogens. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1172-7039 J9 CLIN IMMUNOTHER JI Clin. Immunother. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 4 IS 5 BP 376 EP 386 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TD150 UT WOS:A1995TD15000005 ER PT J AU HOLLISTER, A GIURINTANO, DJ BUFORD, WL MYERS, LM NOVICK, A AF HOLLISTER, A GIURINTANO, DJ BUFORD, WL MYERS, LM NOVICK, A TI THE AXES OF ROTATION OF THE THUMB INTERPHALANGEAL AND METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The axes of rotation of the thumb interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints were located using a mechanical method, The interphalangeal joint axis is parallel to the flexion crease of the joint and is not perpendicular to the phalanx, This offset of the axis with respect to the phalanx explains the ulnar deviation and pronation that occurs with flexion of the interphalangeal joint. The metacarpophalangeal joint has 2 fixed axes: a fixed flexion-extension axis just distal and volar to the epicondyles, and an abduction-adduction axis related to the proximal phalanx passing between the sesamoids. Neither axis is perpendicular to the phalanges, All physiologic motion for these joints occurs about the axes, These are the mechanical axes of the joints through which the muscles and external forces act, Knowledge of their location should help in constructing prosthetic joints and in planning reconstructive surgery such as tendon transfers. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,ORTHOPED BIOMECH LAB,GALVESTON,TX 77550. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ANAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FDA,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. GILLIS W LONG HANSENS DIS CTR,PAUL W BRAND RES LAB,CARVILLE,LA. RP HOLLISTER, A (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,RANCHO LOS AMIGOS MED CTR,DEPT SURG,7601 IMPERIAL HWY,DOWNEY,CA 90242, USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD NOV PY 1995 IS 320 BP 188 EP 193 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA TC842 UT WOS:A1995TC84200032 PM 7586826 ER PT J AU AOKI, I AOKI, A KLINMAN, DM AF AOKI, I AOKI, A KLINMAN, DM TI ACTIVATION OF IL-4 AND IL-6 SECRETING CELLS BY ANTIGEN SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE IL-4; IL-6; EX VIVO; ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; NON-T CELLS; MURINE-B-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTES-B; MESSENGER-RNA; FC-EPSILON; INTERLEUKIN-4 AB The number, antigenic specificity and phenotype of cells secreting IL-4 and IL-6 in mice immunized with ovalbumin or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) in Freund's adjuvant (FA) was studied. The frequency of cells producing either of these cytokines began to rise 6 days post immunization, peaked at 11-14 days post-immunization, and fell to background by 21 days. The number of spleen cells secreting IL-6 was higher than the number producing IL-4 at all time points. Boosting elicited an anamnestic response characterized by a significant increase in the number of cytokine secreting cells within 4 days. Cytokine production was induced in multiple strains of normal mice, and was critically dependent on the use of Complete FA in addition to antigen. Immunization induced IL-4 and IL-6 production in vivo while 'priming' additional cells to release these cytokines when reexposed to soluble antigen in vitro. The latter response was antigen specific and was dominated by non-B/non-T cells, Those cells may serve to boost the immune response in cases of persistent or repeated antigenic challenge. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,RETROVIRUS RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD NOV PY 1995 VL 7 IS 8 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1006/cyto.1995.0096 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA TJ926 UT WOS:A1995TJ92600007 PM 8664447 ER PT J AU HAGIWARA, E ABBASI, F MOR, G ISHIGATSUBO, Y KLINMAN, DM AF HAGIWARA, E ABBASI, F MOR, G ISHIGATSUBO, Y KLINMAN, DM TI PHENOTYPE AND FREQUENCY OF CELLS SECRETING IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN AND TNF-ALPHA IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE CYTOKINE; HUMAN; LYMPHOCYTE; MONOCYTE; PERIPHERAL BLOOD ID T-HELPER CELL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS; LYMPHOKINE ACTIVITIES; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; IMMUNE REGULATION; TH2 RESPONSES; INTERLEUKIN-4 AB The phenotype and frequency of cells in normal human peripheral blood spontaneously secreting IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN and TNF-alpha ex vivo was determined using ELIspot assays, CD4(+) T cells were the dominant source of IL-2 and IL-4 while multiple cell types (primarily CD8(+) lymphocytes) produced IFN. Fewer than 0.05% of mononuclear cells were spontaneously secreting these T cell derived factors. By comparison, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were produced by 0.7-20% of PBMC. The primary sources of the latter cytokines were CD14(+) macrophages/monocytes. A significant positive correlation was found in the frequency of cells secreting IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha ex vivo, suggesting that the release of such factors was coordinately regulated, No such correlation was found among IL-2, IL-4 and IFN secreting cells, indicating that the production of predominantly T cell derived cytokines was regulated independently. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,RETROVIRAL IMMUNOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPY,MED MOLEC GENET LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. YOKOHAMA CITY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED 1,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 232,JAPAN. NR 54 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD NOV PY 1995 VL 7 IS 8 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1006/cyto.1995.0098 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA TJ926 UT WOS:A1995TJ92600009 PM 8664449 ER PT J AU PENNINGTON, JAT HENDRICKS, TC DOUGLASS, JS PETERSEN, B KIDWELL, J AF PENNINGTON, JAT HENDRICKS, TC DOUGLASS, JS PETERSEN, B KIDWELL, J TI INTERNATIONAL INTERFACE STANDARD FOR FOOD DATABASES SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE FOOD DESCRIPTION; INTERFACE STANDARD; FOOD IDENTIFICATION AB An International Interface Standard for Food Databases is under development to help overcome the technical and semantic barriers to the use of food-related databases. The Interface Standard is a system for efficient storage of ail relevant descriptive information about foods. The schema for the Standard consists of ten components-food/food product identification, food names, LANGUAL factors, other food descriptors, other descriptive coding systems, ingredients/recipes, standards, substances, organizations, and data sources. The Interface allows for retrievals of data associated with specific foods from databases by using queries based on any of a wide variety of descriptive terms. The schema of the Interface has been completed; the remaining work is to build the computer software to provide access to, and use of, the schema. RP PENNINGTON, JAT (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 12 IS 6 BP 809 EP 820 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TH845 UT WOS:A1995TH84500009 PM 8608855 ER PT J AU COLLINS, TFX SPRANDO, RL SHACKELFORD, ME BLACK, TN AMES, MJ WELSH, JJ BALMER, MF OLEJNIK, N RUGGLES, DI AF COLLINS, TFX SPRANDO, RL SHACKELFORD, ME BLACK, TN AMES, MJ WELSH, JJ BALMER, MF OLEJNIK, N RUGGLES, DI TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF SODIUM-FLUORIDE IN RATS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTION; PLASMA; COWS; MICE; CORD AB Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female rats were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm NaF daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic human exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of NaF ingested (0, 1.4, 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by NaF, despite the fact that the darns in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to NaF ingestion. At the doses given, NaF had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal Variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of NaF an the incidence of soft tissue variations. RP COLLINS, TFX (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 33 IS 11 BP 951 EP 960 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00066-B PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TH087 UT WOS:A1995TH08700008 PM 7590543 ER PT J AU HARRIS, GR AF HARRIS, GR TI PRESSURE PULSE DISTORTION BY HYDROPHONES DUE TO DIMINISHED LOW-FREQUENCY RESPONSE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID OUTPUT AB In characterizing the bandwidth of measurement devices used in ultrasound exposimetry, attention has been focused on the high frequency response, However, current diagnostic ultrasound measurement standards have low frequency specifications for hydrophones and associated amplifiers, and the response below 1 MHz can be especially significant when measuring lithotripsy pulses, To model the effects of diminished low frequency response, simulated diagnostic and lithotripsy pulses were filtered with a single-pole high-pass filter for a range of -3 dB cutoff frequencies (denoted f(a)). For lithotripsy pulses, it was found that the pulse quantities peak rarefactional pressure (p(r)) and pulse width (t(w)) were most sensitive to f(a), and to keep errors in p(r) and t(w) below 10%, f(a) should be in the 10-60 kHz range for the pulses examined, For the diagnostic case, p(r) was the quantity most significantly affected, and for an f(a) value approximately one-half the center frequency, p(r) was decreased by more than 30% for a pulse modeled to show the effects of finite amplitude distortion typical of diagnostic pulses measured in water, Given this latter result, current hydrophone and amplifier low frequency specifications may need to be reconsidered. RP HARRIS, GR (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 989 EP 992 DI 10.1109/58.476541 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA TH824 UT WOS:A1995TH82400004 ER PT J AU OLSEN, JE AABO, S HILL, W NOTERMANS, S WERNARS, K GRANUM, PE POPOVIC, T RASMUSSEN, HN OLSVIK, O AF OLSEN, JE AABO, S HILL, W NOTERMANS, S WERNARS, K GRANUM, PE POPOVIC, T RASMUSSEN, HN OLSVIK, O TI PROBES AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PROBES; PCR; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PATHOGENS; FOODBORNE ID TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; VIRULENT YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; SYNTHETIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1; HEAT-STABLE-ENTEROTOXIN AB DNA-hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are techniques commonly used to detect pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, the use of these techniques for detection of Salmonella, E. coli, V. cholerae, non-O1 Vibrio, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and C. botulinum is reviewed with emphasis on application in food microbiology. In food control, DNA-techniques have most often been used in a 'culture confirmation' fashion, i.e. bacteria are enriched and sometimes even purified by traditional culture procedures and thereafter identified by the use of DNA-based methods. The most desirable approach is, however, to detect organisms directly in the food, but major problems remain to be solved before this can be routinely performed. C1 NATL FOOD AGCY,INST TOXICOL,SOBORG,DENMARK. US FDA,SEAFOOD PROD RES CTR,BOTHELL,WA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,WATER & FOOD MICROBIOL LAB,BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT PHARMACOL MICROBIOL & FOOD HYG,OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP OLSEN, JE (reprint author), ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,KVL CTR FOOD RES,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,BULOWSVEJ 13,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. OI Olsen, John Elmerdahl/0000-0001-6225-6587 NR 330 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(94)00159-4 PG 78 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA TE998 UT WOS:A1995TE99800001 PM 8751091 ER PT J AU DESFORGES, JF ATHARI, F COOPER, ES JOHNSON, CS LEMON, SM LINDSAY, KL MCCULLOUGH, J MCINTOSH, K ROSS, RK WHITSETT, CF WITTES, J WRIGHT, TL AF DESFORGES, JF ATHARI, F COOPER, ES JOHNSON, CS LEMON, SM LINDSAY, KL MCCULLOUGH, J MCINTOSH, K ROSS, RK WHITSETT, CF WITTES, J WRIGHT, TL TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASE TESTING FOR BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To provide physicians and other transfusion medicine professionals with a current consensus on infectious disease testing for blood transfusions. Participants.-A nonfederal, nonadvocate, 12-member consensus panel representing the fields of hematology, infectious disease, transfusion medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics and a public representative. In addition, 23 experts in hematology, cardiology, transfusion medicine, infectious disease, and epidemiology presented data to the consensus panel and a conference audience of 450. Evidence.-The literature was searched through MEDLINE and an extensive bibliography of references was provided to the panel and the conference audience. Experts prepared abstracts with relevant citations from the literature, Scientific evidence was given precedence over clinical anecdotal experience. Consensus.-The panel, answering predefined consensus questions, developed their conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented in open forum and the scientific literature. Consensus Statement.-The panel composed a draft statement that was read in its entirety and circulated to the experts and the audience for comment. Thereafter, the panel resolved conflicting recommendations and released a revised statement at the end of the conference. The panel finalized the revisions within a few weeks after the conference. Conclusions.-The serum alanine aminotransferase test should be discontinued as a surrogate marker for blood donors likely to transmit posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis infection since specific hepatitis C antibody testing has eliminated more than 85% of these cases. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen testing should continue as it may prevent some cases of posttransfusion hepatitis B; it may also act as a surrogate marker for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in donors and may prevent a small number of cases of transfusion-transmitted HIV infection, Syphilis testing should continue until adequate data can determine its effect on the rarity of transfusion-transmitted syphilis. Vigilant public health surveillance is critical in responding to emerging infectious disease threats to the blood supply. C1 FAIRFAX HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BLOOD BANK,FALLS CHURCH,VA. FAIRFAX HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,DONOR SERV,FALLS CHURCH,VA. OCHSNER TRANSPLANT CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT MED,DIV GASTROINTESTINAL & LIVER DIS,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP,DIV LAB MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP,TRANSFUS MED SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA. DEPT HLTH SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA. STAT COLLABORAT INC,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NHLBI,BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NHLBI,TRANSFUS MED BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF BLOOD RES & REVIEW,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,HEPATITIS LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,DEPT TRANSMISSIBLE DIS,ROCKVILLE,MD. NIH,OFF MED APPLICAT RES,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,MED CTR,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. SACRAMENTO MED FDN,CTR BLOOD,SACRAMENTO,CA. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. NIH,WARREN GRANT MAGNUSON CLIN CTR,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NHLBI,OFF DIRECTOR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NHLBI,OFF PREVENT EDUC & CONTROL,COMMUN & PUBL INFORMAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP DESFORGES, JF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 17 BP 1374 EP 1379 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TB278 UT WOS:A1995TB27800029 ER PT J AU HEIKES, DL JENSEN, SR FLEMINGJONES, ME AF HEIKES, DL JENSEN, SR FLEMINGJONES, ME TI PURGE-AND-TRAP EXTRACTION WITH GC-MS DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN TABLE-READY FOODS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS); PURGE AND TRAP; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID MEAT FLAVOR; TOTAL DIET; CONSTITUENTS; REVISION; FLOW AB A purge and trap procedure has been developed for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in table-ready foods. VOC analytes are collected on a Vocarb 3000 trap, thermally desorbed, and cryofocused directly on a capillary DB-624 column with GC-MS quantification. Adequate precision was achieved for 45 of the 60 analytes of U.S. EPA Method 524.2. Recoveries from 9 food samples fortified with these 45 analytes at 100 ppb and analyzed in duplicate ranged from 75.1 to 117% and from 61.3 to 160% for those fortified at 10 ppb. Average percentage of recovery standard deviation (%RSD) values were 11.3 and 20.4, respectively. Additionally, 234 table-ready foods of the FDA Total Diet Program were analyzed. A total of 77 foods showed residues >50 ppb, 43 > 100 ppb. Only 47 items contained no residues. Toluene was the most common residue encountered, with residues in 91 foods. Cake doughnuts contained the highest total VOC residues (802 ppb). RP HEIKES, DL (reprint author), US FDA,11510 W 80TH ST,LENEXA,KS 66214, USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2869 EP 2875 DI 10.1021/jf00059a018 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TF696 UT WOS:A1995TF69600018 ER PT J AU TOMAZIC, VJ WITHROW, TJ HAMILTON, RG AF TOMAZIC, VJ WITHROW, TJ HAMILTON, RG TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ALLERGEN(S) IN LATEX PROTEIN EXTRACTS SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LATEX; ALLERGEN; ANAPHYLAXIS; TYPE I ALLERGIC REACTION; IGE ANTIBODIES; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; IMMUNOBLOTTING ID CONTACT URTICARIA; SPINA-BIFIDA; RUBBER; ANAPHYLAXIS; REACTIVITY; ANTIGENS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; GLOVES AB Background: Immediate hypersensitivity to latex, induced by natural latex proteins remaining on the finished products, may lead to severe anaphylactic reactions. Methods: We investigated the distribution of later proteins by molecular weight and identified the specific allergenic molecules. Proteins extracted from various latex products were compared with those extracted from raw latex sap, both ammoniated and nonammoniated. Results: Variations in the levels of extractable protein, as well as in the number of molecules and the molecular weight distribution, were observed especially among finished latex products. To identify allergenic (i.e., IgE-binding) molecules, we performed immunoblots with the sera from Inter-sensitive persons. The results indicated that antigenic molecule profiles differed among the products and also between the finished products and the raw material. In addition, specificities of the anti-latex IgE antibodies varied among the sensitized persons. Conclusions: It appeared that persons with the same history of sensitization had similar patterns of antigenic specificities. If the history of exposure, as well as genetic predisposition and medical history of the patient, plays a significant role in the specific IgE response, it may be difficult to select a ''standard'' antigen and a ''standard'' antiserum for the evaluation of the latex sensitivity and allergenicity. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,CTR ASTHMA & ALLERGY,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. RP TOMAZIC, VJ (reprint author), US FDA,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV LIFE SCI,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,HFZ-112,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 96 IS 5 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(95)70262-8 PN 1 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA TG528 UT WOS:A1995TG52800009 PM 7499680 ER PT J AU VALENTINE, JL KEARNS, GL SPARKS, C LETZIG, LG VALENTINE, CR SHAPPELL, SA NERI, DF DEJOHN, CA AF VALENTINE, JL KEARNS, GL SPARKS, C LETZIG, LG VALENTINE, CR SHAPPELL, SA NERI, DF DEJOHN, CA TI GC-MS DETERMINATION OF AMPHETAMINE AND METHAMPHETAMINE IN HUMAN URINE FOR 12 HOURS FOLLOWING ORAL-ADMINISTRATION OF DEXTRO-METHAMPHETAMINE - LACK OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE ESTABLISHED FORENSIC GUIDELINES FOR METHAMPHETAMINE CONFIRMATION SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-LIVER; METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P-450; PHARMACOKINETICS; OXIDATION; CAFFEINE; AMINES C1 ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,TOXICOL & THERAPEUT LAB,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. USN,AF,US ATALANTIC FLEET,NORFOLK,VA 23511. HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,CIRCADIAN & SLEEP DISORDERS MED LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. CIVIL AEROMED INST,FED AVIAT ADM,TOXICOL & ACCIDENT RES LAB,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73125. RP VALENTINE, JL (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,PEDIAT CLIN PHARMACOL SECT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202, USA. RI Neri, Dario/P-4368-2016 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 7 BP 581 EP 590 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA TD642 UT WOS:A1995TD64200009 PM 8577182 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EL AF Gunderson, EL TI FDA total diet study, July 1986 to April 1991, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FOOD AB The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts the Total Diet Study to determine dietary intakes of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). This paper reports results for the sampling period July 1986 to April 1991, The study involves retail purchase of foods representative of the ''total diet'' of the U.S. population, preparation for ''table-ready'' consumption, and individual analyses of 234 items making up the diets of 8 population groups, The diets were based on 2 nationwide food consumption surveys, The data presented represent 21 food collections (also termed ''market baskets'') in regional metropolitan areas during the 5-year period, Dietary intakes of nearly 120 analytes are presented for 8 population groups, which range from infants to elderly adults, Intakes of selected population groups are compared with representative findings from earlier Total Diet Study sampling periods, As reported previously, average daily intakes are well below acceptable limits. RP Gunderson, EL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVARAGES,DIV PROGRAMS & ENFORCEMENT POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 20 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1363 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW173 UT WOS:A1995TW17300004 PM 8664570 ER PT J AU Chou, HJ Yates, RL Havery, DC Wenninger, JA AF Chou, HJ Yates, RL Havery, DC Wenninger, JA TI Determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate in commercial sunscreens and cosmetic products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NPABAO AB An analytical method has been developed for determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate (NMPABAO), a nitrosamine contaminant in sunscreen products containing 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate (Padimate O), The method involves extraction of NMPABAO by column chromatography followed by liquid chromatographic separation and analysis with a nitric oxide detector, To confirm the presence of NMPABAO in sunscreen products, the N-nitrosamine was synthesized and its structure was determined by infrared spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS), For method validation, recovery studies were performed on a commercial suntan lotion, cream, and gel, Recoveries of NMPABAO added to representative test samples averaged 83%. The method has an estimated detection limit of 30 ppb. The method was used to analyze 25 commercial cosmetic and sunscreen products containing Padimate O. Eleven products contained NMPABAO al levels ranging from 160 to 21 000 ppb, NMPABAO presence in 4 products was confirmed by MS at levels greater than or equal to 4000 ppb, The highest levels of NMPABAO were associated with products that contained the nitrite-releasing preservative 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol. RP Chou, HJ (reprint author), US FDA, 200 C ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1378 EP 1383 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW173 UT WOS:A1995TW17300007 PM 8664573 ER PT J AU Cieri, UR AF Cieri, UR TI Determination of reserpine and chlorothiazide in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV absorbance detectors in series SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A procedure is presented for determination of reserpine and chlorothiazide in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography (LC). Powdered sample, equivalent to the weight of one tablet, is dissolved in 10.0 mL dimethyl sulfoxide, the mixture is diluted to 100.0 mL with methanol, and the solution is filtered; 10 mL of the filtrate is then diluted to 100.0 mL with methanol, The standard solution is prepared in the same solvent mixture and contains the 2 ingredients in approximately the same quantities as in the diluted sample solution. For LC, a 7.5 cm long normal-phase column is used; mobile phase consists of methanol containing a small volume of an aqueous solution of 1-pentanesulfonic acid, sodium salt. Two detectors are arranged in series: a fluorescence detector set at 280 nm excitation and 360 nm emission quantitates reserpine and a UV absorbance detector set at 300 nm determines chlorothiazide. Several synthetic mixtures containing the 2 ingredients in amounts ranging from 80 to 120% of quantities declared in commercial tablets were analyzed by the proposed method, Two samples of commercial tablets were also analyzed; for each sample, 5 determinations were made on a ground composite of 20 tablets; 10 individual tablets were also analyzed. The composites were also analyzed by the current U.S. Pharmacopeia method for this product. RP Cieri, UR (reprint author), US FDA,2ND & CHESTNUT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1387 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW173 UT WOS:A1995TW17300008 PM 8664574 ER PT J AU Plakas, SM ELSaid, KR Stehly, GR Roybal, JE AF Plakas, SM ELSaid, KR Stehly, GR Roybal, JE TI Optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; EDIBLE FISH; RESIDUES; HPLC AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was adapted and optimized for the determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish plasma and muscle, Residues in plasma were extracted with acetonitrile, the extract was evaporated to dryness, and residues were resolubilized for LC analysis, Residues in muscle were extracted with an acetonitrile-acetate buffer mixture, reextracted with acetonitrile, and partitioned into methylene chloride with final cleanup on alumina and propylsulfonic acid solid-phase extraction columns, Residue levels were determined by using an LC cyano column with a PbO2 postcolumn and visible detection (618 nm). Overall mean recoveries of parent malachite green (MG-C) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (MG-L), from plasma were 93 and 87%, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 25 to 250 ppb, Overall mean recoveries of MG-C and MG-L from muscle were 85 and 95%, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 5 to 100 ppb, Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of recoveries at all fortification levels ranged from 3.9 to 7.0% for plasma and from 2.1 to 5.2% for muscle, The method was applied to incurred residues in tissues sampled from catfish after waterborne exposure to [C-14]MG-C. Mean recoveries of total radioactive residues in plasma and muscle throughout the extraction and cleanup process were 88 and 87%, respectively, and corresponding RSDs for MG-C and MG-L were in the same range as those for fortified tissues, MG-L, was confirmed as the major metabolite of MG-C in catfish. C1 US DEPT INTERIOR,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. US FDA,ANIM DRUGS RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP Plakas, SM (reprint author), US FDA,GULF COAST SEAFOOD LAB,POB 158,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528, USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1388 EP 1394 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW173 UT WOS:A1995TW17300009 PM 8664575 ER PT J AU Phifer, EC AF Phifer, EC TI Determination of chromium and molybdenum in medical foods by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; FORMULAS; BLOOD AB Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine chromium and molybdenum in 7 medical foods from 5 manufacturers. Linear standard curves were obtained for both elements for concentrations between 5 and 25 ng/mL. Detection limits were 0.24 ng/mL for Cr and 0.67 ng/mL for Mo. Characteristic masses were 3.1 and 14.7 pg for Cr and Mo, respectively. No difference was detected between wet and dry ashing methods, and dry ashing was used to complete the study. The method was validated by assaying various National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials. Analysis of these products for Cr and Mo were within certified values. One product was evaluated by this method for reproducibility (n = 5). Relative standard deviations were 6.8 and 4.8% for Cr and Mo, respectively. This product contained 0.31 +/- 0.02 mu g Cr/g and 0.63 +/- 0.03 mu g Mo/g. The remaining products contained 0.09-1.28 mu g Cr/g and 0.07-2.3 mu g Mo/g. Mean recovery values were 98 +/- 14% (n = 14) for Cr at spike levels of 0.20-1.89 mu g/g and 102 +/- 24% (n = 10) for Mo at spike levels of 0.30-1.89 mu g/g. RP Phifer, EC (reprint author), US FDA,ATLANTA CTR NUTRIENT ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30309, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1497 EP 1501 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW173 UT WOS:A1995TW17300025 PM 8664588 ER PT J AU Albert, RH Horwitz, W AF Albert, RH Horwitz, W TI Incomplete data sets: Coping with inadequate databases SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIMIT AB Three problems arise in handling numerical values in databases: bad data, missing data, and sloppy data, The effects of bad data are mitigated by using statistical subterfuges such as robust statistics or outlier removal, Missing data are replaced by creating a substitute through interpolation or by using statistics appropriate to unbalanced designs. Sloppy, semiquantitative data are relegated to innocuous positions by using nonparametric, rank, or attribute statistics, These techniques are illustrated by the telephone directory, a database of carcinogenicity test results, and a database of precision parameters derived from method performance (collaborative) studies. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR HFS 500,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1515 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW173 UT WOS:A1995TW17300027 PM 8664590 ER PT J AU BOUCHER, PE STIBITZ, S AF BOUCHER, PE STIBITZ, S TI SYNERGISTIC BINDING OF RNA-POLYMERASE AND BVGA PHOSPHATE TO THE PERTUSSIS TOXIN PROMOTER OF BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; CYSB PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; GENE; COMMUNICATION; INITIATION AB Regulation of virulence factor expression in Bordetella pertussis is mediated by the BvgAS two-component regulatory system. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the transcriptional regulation of the filamentous hemagglutinin gene (fhaB) involves binding of the BvgA activator directly to the fhaB promoter region, the mechanism of pertussis toxin operon (ptx) regulation by BvgA has remained unclear. We demonstrate in vitro the specific binding of BvgA to a region upstream of the pa promoter that encompasses a 20-bp directly repeated sequence (positions -157 to -117) previously shown to be critical for BvgA-dependent activation. This binding is strictly dependent on the phosphorylation of BvgA, which can be obtained by incubation of BvgA with acetyl phosphate. By DNase I protection studies, we demonstrate the synergistic binding of BvgA-phosphate and purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to the ptx promoter. In the presence of the polymerase holoenzyme, a greatly extended footprint encompassing the region between -163 and the putative polymerase binding site was observed. The implications of these observations for pertussis toxin expression and regulation are discussed. RP BOUCHER, PE (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 43 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 177 IS 22 BP 6486 EP 6491 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TE367 UT WOS:A1995TE36700020 PM 7592424 ER PT J AU RACKE, MK SCOTT, DE QUIGLEY, L GRAY, GS ABE, R JUNE, CH PERRIN, PJ AF RACKE, MK SCOTT, DE QUIGLEY, L GRAY, GS ABE, R JUNE, CH PERRIN, PJ TI DISTINCT ROLES FOR B7-1 (CD-80) AND B7-2 (CD-86) IN THE INITIATION OF EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; B7; T LYMPHOCYTE; T CELL COSTIMULATION ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; CTLA-4 COUNTER-RECEPTOR; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTES-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ADDITIONAL LIGAND; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ANTIGEN; CD28; EXPRESSION AB The activation and differentiation of T cells require both antigen/MHC recognition and costimulatory signals, The present studies examined the role of B7-1 (CD80) and B72 (CD86) costimulation in the prototypic autoimmune disorder, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), In adoptively transferred EAE, in vitro activation of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific lymph node cells was inhibited by the combination of anti-CD80 plus anti-CD86, but not individually, However, in actively induced disease, one injection of anti-CD80 significantly reduced disease, while anti-CD86 exacerbated disease, Interestingly, one injection of CTLA-4Ig suppressed disease, while multiple injections resulted in enhanced disease. Thus, the costimulation provided by B7-1 molecules appears to be important for the development of encephalitogenic T cells. The enhanced disease caused by multiple injections of CTLA-4Ig or a single injection of anti-CD86 suggests an inhibitory function for CD86 interaction with its counterreceptors CD28 and CTLA-4 in EAE. Alternatively, these results are consistent with an essential timing requirement for the coordinated interaction of B7 and CD28 family receptors, and that disruption of this critical timing can have opposing results on the outcome of an immune response. C1 NINCDS,NEUROIMMUNOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. REPLIGEN CORP,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. USN,MED RES INST,IMMUNE CELL BIOL PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. RP RACKE, MK (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOX 8111,660 S EUCLID AVE,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. NR 58 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 96 IS 5 BP 2195 EP 2203 DI 10.1172/JCI118274 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA TC979 UT WOS:A1995TC97900016 PM 7593605 ER PT J AU STRECK, RD RAJARATNAM, VS FISHMAN, RB WEBB, PJ AF STRECK, RD RAJARATNAM, VS FISHMAN, RB WEBB, PJ TI EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DIABETES ON FETAL EXPRESSION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN MESSENGER-RNAS IN THE RAT SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MESSENGER-RNAS; GENE; ORGANOGENESIS; EMBRYOS; MOUSE AB Maternal diabetes is associated in humans and rats with an increased risk for fetal growth abnormalities and malformations. Therefore, the effect of maternal diabetes on expression of genes that regulate fetal growth and differentiation is of considerable interest. Developmental growth is regulated in part by the expression and availability of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Postnatal expression of a subset of the IGFs and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) has been demonstrated to be regulated in response to diabetes and other metabolic conditions. We used in situ hybridization to analyze the effect of maternal diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) prior to mating, upon prenatal rat IGF and IGFBP mRNA expression. At gestational day (GD) 14, the most striking effect of maternal diabetes on fetal IGF/IGFBP gene expression was a marked increase in the abundance of IGFBP-1 mRNA within the liver primordia of fetuses isolated from diabetic dams compared to age-matched controls. This upregulation cannot be entirely due to the approximately one-half-day delay in fetal development (based on limb bud staging) associated with maternal diabetes, as there was no gross difference in the level of IGFBP-1 mRNA between GD13 and GD14 control fetal livers. In contrast, the fetal mRNA expression patterns of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 were not grossly altered by maternal diabetes. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that IGFBP-1 produced within the fetal liver and secreted into fetal circulation may play a role in regulating rat fetal growth. RP STRECK, RD (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 147 IS 2 BP R5 EP R8 DI 10.1677/joe.0.147R005 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TC052 UT WOS:A1995TC05200024 PM 7490544 ER PT J AU Clausing, P Haemisch, A Gunther, B AF Clausing, P Haemisch, A Gunther, B TI Mengo virus-induced corticosterone levels in group- and individually housed mice SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE individual housing; corticosterone; picornaviridae; Mengo virus; open field; mice; C57BL/6 ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; OPEN-FIELD; RATS; INFECTION; STIMULATION; ACTIVATION; DEFECATION; STRESSOR; PLASMA AB Infection of male C57BL/6 mice with Mengo virus evoked a significant increase (up to 2 fold) in serum corticosterone from 24 to 120 hours after inoculation. This increase was significantly larger in individually-housed mice that, as a group, also died of infection at a significantly higher percentage compared to,coup-housed subjects. Subjects that succumbed to infection exhibited a higher defecation score in open field tests conducted two to three weeks prior to virus inoculation. In a separate experiment it was shown that animals with high defecation scores in the open field had significantly higher corticosterone levels after open field exposure than subjects with low defecation scores. It is concluded that increased corticosterone responsiveness, whether characterized by open field testing or induced by social isolation, is detrimental for coping with Mengo virus infection. These results suggest that a fine-tuned optimum exists for the glucocorticoid feedback mechanism under virus infection. C1 HANNOVER MED SCH,DEPT LAB ANIM SCI,W-3000 HANNOVER,GERMANY. UNIV JENA,FAC MED,DEPT LAB ANIM,JENA,GERMANY. RP Clausing, P (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0939-8600 J9 J EXP ANIM SCI JI J. Exp. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 37 IS 2 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TN186 UT WOS:A1995TN18600003 ER PT J AU JONES, K RIVERA, C SGADARI, C FRANKLIN, J MAX, EE BHATIA, K TOSATO, G AF JONES, K RIVERA, C SGADARI, C FRANKLIN, J MAX, EE BHATIA, K TOSATO, G TI INFECTION OF HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS WITH EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LATENT GENE-EXPRESSION; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; HODGKINS-DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTES-B; GROWTH-FACTOR; T-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-6; EPITOPE; INTERFERON; BLOOD AB Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes growth and tumorigenicity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized B cells, and is abnormally elevated in the serum of solid organ transplant recipients who develop EBV-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), but not in control transplant recipients. Endothelial cells derived from PTLD lesions were found to secrete spontaneously high levels of IL-6 in vitro for up to 4 mo. We examined possible mechanisms for sustained IL-6 production by endothelial cells. Here, we show that EBV can infect endothelial cells in vitro. After 3-4 wk incubation with lethally irradiated EBV-positive, but not EBV-negative cell lines, a proportion of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs) expressed in situ the EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER). Southern blot analysis after polymerase chain reaction showed EBV DNA in HUVEC that had been incubated with lethally irradiated EBV-positive cells, but not in the controls. Exposure of HUVECs to lethally irradiated EBV-positive but not EBV-negative cell lines induced IL-6 production that was sustained for up to 120 d of culture. These studies identify endothelial cells as targets for EBV infection and raise the possibility that this infection may be important in the life cycle and pathology of EBV. C1 NCI,PEDIAT ONCOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP JONES, K (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BLDG 29A,ROOM 2D06,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Sgadari, Cecilia/H-4302-2016 OI Sgadari, Cecilia/0000-0003-0364-4912 NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 1995 VL 182 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1221 DI 10.1084/jem.182.5.1213 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TB894 UT WOS:A1995TB89400004 PM 7595192 ER PT J AU GARCIA, GR HAYMOND, RE SPRAGUE, DM SINGLETON, ER PEELER, JT LANCETTE, GA SOFOS, JN AF GARCIA, GR HAYMOND, RE SPRAGUE, DM SINGLETON, ER PEELER, JT LANCETTE, GA SOFOS, JN TI COMPARISON OF A RAPID PLATE-COUNT AND MPN METHODS FOR ENUMERATION OF FECAL-COLIFORMS AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN SOFT-SHELL CLAMS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE FECAL COLIFORMS; CLAMS; ENUMERATION; DEPURATION ID NORTHERN QUAHAUG AB A direct elevated temperature plate count method utilizing modified fecal coliform agar with rosolic acid (ETPC/mFC) was compared to 5-tube and 3-tube most probable number (MPN) procedures for its accuracy in enumerating fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in naturally and artificially contaminated soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria). The results indicated that the extent of overall recovery of fecal coliforms was similar in the two methods tested. Therefore, the ETPC/mFC method may be considered as a rapid procedure for fecal coliform screening during depuration of softshell clams. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. SE REG LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30309. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP GARCIA, GR (reprint author), US FDA,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25087,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1197 EP 1200 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TG021 UT WOS:A1995TG02100004 ER PT J AU SUTHERLAND, JB TANNER, LA MOORE, JD FREEMAN, JP DECK, J WILLIAMS, AJ AF SUTHERLAND, JB TANNER, LA MOORE, JD FREEMAN, JP DECK, J WILLIAMS, AJ TI CONVERSION OF FERULIC ACID TO 4-VINYLGUAIACOL BY YEASTS ISOLATED FROM FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note DE FERULIC ACID; OFF FLAVORS; ORANGE JUICE; YEASTS; 4-VINYLGUAIACOL ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; METABOLISM AB Yeasts were isolated from frozen concentrated orange juice, grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth at 25 degrees C, and tested for the ability to cometabolize ferulic acid. Strains of Rhodotorula sp., Candida lambica, Trichosporon pullulans, and Candida intermedia decarboxylated ferulic acid nonoxidatively to an off-flavor compound, 4-vinylguaiacol. By decarboxylating naturally occurring ferulic acid, these and other yeasts have the potential to contribute to off flavors in improperly stored fruit juices. RP SUTHERLAND, JB (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1260 EP 1262 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TG021 UT WOS:A1995TG02100016 ER PT J AU Mulligan, KJ AF Mulligan, KJ TI Aqueous alkylation of anions for static headspace sampling with analysis by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography and Electrophoresis CY MAY, 1995 CL WINTERGREEN, VA DE static headspace; GC-MS; anions ID INORGANIC ANIONS; PENTAFLUOROBENZYL BROMIDE; THIOCYANATE ANIONS; DERIVATIZATION; CYANIDE; NITRITE; SULFIDE; IODIDE; TRACES; ACID AB The formation of ethyl derivative from anions and the conjugate bases of weak acids through the reaction with ethyl p-toluenesulfonate in strongly basic aqueous systems was used as a precursor to analysis by static headspace sampling with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A host of materials are amenable to the technique including: cyanide, butyrate, caproate, fluoroacetate, iodide, and phenol. These analytes were used to study the performance of the system in relation to the behavior of commercially obtained ethyl derivatives. 18-Crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) effectively catalyzes the reaction which appears to require the presence of high concentrations (5 M) of a basic salt, such as potassium carbonate. A 1:1 (molar) mixture of dibasic and tribasic potassium phosphate effectively substitutes for potassium carbonate and provides improved performance for fluoroacetate while reducing interferences such as diethyl carbonate. Quantitative yields were obtained in the concentration range 0.05-2 mM, except for cyanide which produced propionitrile with an efficiency of 55-80%. Fructose, at the 10% w/v level, exerted little influence upon the reaction. Calibration curves (selected ion monitoring) were linear between 0.001 and 1 mM. This approach extends the applicability of static headspace sampling and offers a potentially simple alternative to ion chromatography for complicated matrices. It should prove useful for confirming results obtained by other methods or for screening poorly characterized samples. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Mulligan, KJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FORENS CHEM,1141 CENT PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45202, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1002/mcs.1220070603 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TK553 UT WOS:A1995TK55300002 ER PT J AU FAIRWEATHER, WR LIN, TYD KELLY, R AF FAIRWEATHER, WR LIN, TYD KELLY, R TI REGULATORY, DESIGN, AND ANALYSIS ASPECTS OF COMPLEX STABILITY STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Drug stability studies are expensive and time consuming. Multiple batches are studied to ensure that a product will consistently remain within specifications for its entire expiration dating period. Some of these studies involve the same drug products in similar packages or in multiple strengths. Application of sound statistical design principles can reduce the amount of testing required. We extend the principles stated in the Food & Drug Administration's 1987 publication Guideline for Submitting Documentation for the Stability of Human Drugs and Biologics to setting expiration dating periods for more complex situations. RP FAIRWEATHER, WR (reprint author), US FDA,HDF 715,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1322 EP 1326 DI 10.1002/jps.2600841112 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA TC824 UT WOS:A1995TC82400011 PM 8587050 ER PT J AU KOUTSOUKOS, A SLUD, E AF KOUTSOUKOS, A SLUD, E TI INACCURACY RATES AND HODGES-LEHMANN LARGE DEVIATION RATES FOR PARAMETRIC INFERENCES WITH NUISANCE PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE IMPLICIT FUNCTION THEOREM; KULLBACK-LEIBLER INFORMATION; LARGE DEVIATIONS FOR EMPIRICAL MEASURES; LEAST FAVORABLE MEASURES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS; M-ESTIMATORS; SCORE TESTS; 2-SAMPLE PROBLEM AB In the context of parametric inference for a scalar parameter beta in the presence of a finite-dimensional nuisance parameter lambda based on a large random sample X(1),...,X(n), this paper calculates an exact one-sided inaccuracy rate for maximum-likelihood and M-estimators, as well as the Hodges-Lehmann (1956) large deviation rate for type-II error probabilities under fixed alternatives. The method is to couple the large-deviation theorems of Groeneboom et al. (1979) for empirical measures with a characterization via the Implicit Function Theorem of 'least favorable measures' extremizing the Kullback-Leibler information functional over statistically interesting sets of measures. C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD NOV 1 PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 47 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0378-3758(94)00145-L PG 22 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TD242 UT WOS:A1995TD24200003 ER PT J AU NEUNABER, LM BOIVIN, WS KHATRI, ZH HERMAN, BA AF NEUNABER, LM BOIVIN, WS KHATRI, ZH HERMAN, BA TI WATER LEAK TESTING OF POLYURETHANE FEMALE CONDOMS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE POLYURETHANE; FEMALE CONDOMS; LEAKAGE TESTS; BARRIER PRODUCTS; SURFACTANTS ID LATEX CONDOMS AB This paper describes an apparatus and a technique for water leak testing of polyurethane female condoms. This test detects holes as effectively as other official FDA methods used to test barrier products such as latex male condoms and medical gloves. This rapid test simulates actual use conditions as much as possible without causing plastic deformation of the polyurethane material. Blind validation tests showed that the method detects a high percentage of holes 20 mu m and larger over the entire surface of the condoms. Holes as small as 10 mu m were detected with lower efficiency. Hole detection rate was highest in the bottom one third of the condom where the water pressure was greatest. The condom lubricant was shown to act as a surfactant when added to water. C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV PHYS SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP NEUNABER, LM (reprint author), WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,FOOD & DRUG ADM,WINCHESTER,MA 01890, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 23 IS 6 BP 442 EP 446 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA TE654 UT WOS:A1995TE65400007 ER PT J AU FUJIMURA, RK BOCKSTAHLER, LE AF FUJIMURA, RK BOCKSTAHLER, LE TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION METHOD FOR DETERMINING RATIOS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS PROVIRAL DNA TO CELLULAR GENOMIC DNA IN BRAIN-TISSUES OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) DNA; BRAIN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR); COMPARATIVE PCR; HIV PROVIRAL DNA, CELLULAR GENOME; EVALUATION, PCR TECHNIQUE ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; AIDS ENCEPHALOPATHY; QUANTITATIVE PCR; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; CELLS AB A PCR method was developed to compare HIV-1 DNA loads in brain tissue samples. The method determines the ratio of the amplified product of an HIV DNA sequence to that of a host cellular DNA sequence using standard DNAs as reference. The standards include DNA from a line of human cells that harbor one HIV-1 provirus per cellular genome, and DNA from non-infected human cells. The standard DNAs were mixed in varying proportions and used to establish conditions of amplification under which the ratios of their PCR-amplified products corresponded with the ratios of the amounts of the DNAs themselves. The method was evaluated using known mixtures of the standard DNAs. Using the conditions thus obtained, ratios of HIV proviral DNA to cellular genomic DNA were obtained for tissue DNA samples taken from several different locations within the brain of two deceased HIV-infected patients. Results showed that HIV DNA was non-uniformly distributed within each brain (10-250 per 10(3) cellular genomes); the highest ratios were found in the hippocampus for each patient, independent of postmortem neuropathological findings. The criteria for quantitative PCR have general applicability to comparative studies of any proviral DNA loads in different tissue samples. RP FUJIMURA, RK (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV LIFE SCI,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH,HFZ 113,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 1995 VL 55 IS 3 BP 309 EP 325 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(95)00068-1 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA TH308 UT WOS:A1995TH30800004 PM 8609197 ER PT J AU FALGOUT, B MARKOFF, L AF FALGOUT, B MARKOFF, L TI EVIDENCE THAT FLAVIVIRUS NS1-NS2A CLEAVAGE IS MEDIATED BY A MEMBRANE-BOUND HOST PROTEASE IN THE ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; NS3; EXPRESSION; NS2B AB Previous deletion mutagenesis studies have shown that the flavivirus NS1-NS2A cleavage requires the eight C-terminal residues of NS1, constituting the cleavage recognition sequence, and sequences in NS2A far downstream of the cleavage site. We now demonstrate that replacement of all of NS1 upstream of the cleavage recognition sequence with prM sequences still allows cleavage in vivo. Thus, other than the eight C-terminal residues, NS1 is dispensable for NS1-NS2A cleavage. However, deletion of the N-terminal signal sequence abrogated cleavage, suggesting that entry into the exocytic pathway is required, Cleavage in vivo was not blocked by brefeldin A, and cleavage could occur in vitro in the presence of dog pancreas microsomes, indicating that NS1-NS2A cleavage occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, Four in-frame deletions in NS2A were cleavage defective in vitro, as were two mutants in which NS4A-NS4B sequences were substituted for NS2A, suggesting that most of NS2A is required, A series of substitution mutants were constructed in,which all Asp, Cys, Glu, His, and Ser residues in NS2A were collectively replaced; all standard proteases require at least one of these residues in their active sites, No single mutant was cleavage defective, suggesting that NS2A is not a protease, Fractionation of the microsomes indicated that the lumenal contents were not required for NS1-NS2A cleavage, It seems most likely that NS1-NS2A cleavage is effected by a host membrane-bound endoplasmic reticulum-resident protease, quite possibly signalase, and that NS2A is required to present the cleavage recognition sequence in the correct conformation to the host enzyme for cleavage. C1 NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FALGOUT, B (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,VECTOR BORNE VIRAL DIS LAB,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE HFM-451,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 47 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 69 IS 11 BP 7232 EP 7243 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA RZ100 UT WOS:A1995RZ10000077 PM 7474145 ER PT J AU HRYCYNA, CA LICHT, TL HUANG, M AHN, CH YIN, JJ PINE, PS ASZALOS, A AF HRYCYNA, CA LICHT, TL HUANG, M AHN, CH YIN, JJ PINE, PS ASZALOS, A TI EFFECTS OF COMBINATIONS OF SUBOPTIMAL DOSES OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN BLOCKERS ON MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT CELLS SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,LAUREL,MD 20708. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RI Yin, Jun Jie /E-5619-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOL PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1995 VL 6 SU S BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TF513 UT WOS:A1995TF51300318 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, LC HALPERN, J DUNLAP, V NEALE, EA AF WILLIAMSON, LC HALPERN, J DUNLAP, V NEALE, EA TI BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN-C ACTS ON SYNTAXIN AND SNAP-25 AND IS CYTOTOXIC TO NEURONS SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NICHHD,DEV NEUROBIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOL PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1995 VL 6 SU S BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TF513 UT WOS:A1995TF51300359 ER PT J AU PINE, PS WEAVER, JL ASZALOS, A AF PINE, PS WEAVER, JL ASZALOS, A TI FLUORESCENCE IMAGE CYTOMETRY OF HIV-1 ENV-CD4-MEDIATED FUSION SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV RES & TESTING,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOL PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1995 VL 6 SU S BP 1049 EP 1049 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TF513 UT WOS:A1995TF51301051 ER PT J AU VERTINOBELL, A WILLIAMSON, LC ARORA, N LEPPLA, SH HALPERN, JL AF VERTINOBELL, A WILLIAMSON, LC ARORA, N LEPPLA, SH HALPERN, JL TI INHIBITION OF VESICULAR TRANSPORT BY TETANUS TOXIN IN NONNEURONAL CELLS SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,US FDA,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,DEV NEUROL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,MICROBIAL ECOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOL PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1995 VL 6 SU S BP 1069 EP 1069 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TF513 UT WOS:A1995TF51301070 ER PT J AU SOLIMAN, EF SLIKKER, W ALI, SF AF SOLIMAN, EF SLIKKER, W ALI, SF TI MANGANESE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AS MEASURED BY A FLUORESCENT-PROBE - AN IN-VITRO STUDY SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MANGANESE; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AGING; DICHLOROFLUORESCEIN; NEUROTOXICITY ID RAT-BRAIN; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; DOPAMINE; NEUROTOXICITY; 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE; AUTOXIDATION; DISORDERS; MECHANISM; DISEASE AB The fluorescent probe, 2',7'dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to quantitate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissue. Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed at different ages, postnatal day (PND) 1, 24, 41 and 4 and 18 months, and brains were dissected into caudate nucleus (CN) and cerebellum (CE). In vitro exposure to Mn (0.2-2.0 mM) increased the formation of ROS in brain synaptosomes at all ages. Age-related differences were found in the formation of ROS between CN and CE. In PND 1 brain synaptosomes, Mn induced dose dependent (0.2-2.0 mM) increases in the formation of ROS. This effect was also observed at other ages in CN and CE, but at higher concentrations (0.8-2.0 mM). It may be concluded that oxidative stress, as measured by ROS, may be a potential mechanism underlying the neurotoxicity induced by Mn and that the neonatal rat brain may be more susceptible than the adult rat brain. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROCHEM LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NATL EGYPTIAN CTR TOXICOL RES,CAIRO,EGYPT. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0893-6609 J9 NEUROSCI RES COMMUN JI Neurosci. Res. Commun. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TJ207 UT WOS:A1995TJ20700005 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYK, CH AF KRAWCZYK, CH TI GLAUCOMA DRAINAGE DEVICES AND THE FDA SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP KRAWCZYK, CH (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 1995 VL 102 IS 11 BP 1581 EP 1582 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA TD883 UT WOS:A1995TD88300008 PM 9098246 ER PT J AU ELTAHTAWY, AA JACKSON, AJ LUDDEN, TM AF ELTAHTAWY, AA JACKSON, AJ LUDDEN, TM TI EVALUATION OF BIOEQUIVALENCE OF HIGHLY VARIABLE DRUGS USING MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS .1. ESTIMATION OF RATE OF ABSORPTION FOR SINGLE AND MULTIPLE-DOSE TRIALS USING CMAX SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BIOEQUIVALENCE; HIGHLY VARIABLE DRUGS; ABSORPTION RATE; MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS; SINGLE DOSE BIOEQUIVALENCE TRIALS; MULTIPLE DOSE BIOEQUIVALENCE TRIALS AB Purpose. A Monte Carlo simulation study was done to investigate the effects of high intrasubject variation in clearance (CL), and volume of distribution (V) on the calculation of the 90% confidence interval (CI) for Cmax for single dose and multiple dose studies. Methods. Simulations were done for both immediate release and sustained release scenarios. The simulated data were compared with clinical data from bioequivalence studies performed on indomethacin and verapamil. Results. Previous reviews and simulations have shown that the probability of failure for the Cmax for single dose studies was always greater than that for multiple dose studies. However, the results for the simulated scenarios currently investigated indicate that if intrasubject (period-to-period) variation in CL and V is high (% CV's above 25%, and 12%, respectively), multiple dose studies can exhibit a higher probability of failure for Cmax than do single dose studies. Furthermore, Cmax values from studies performed with a sustained release scenario are more sensitive to changes in Ka, CL, and V than are results of studies on immediate release products. As an example, the probability of failure for immediate release products in simulated single dose studies is about 11% and 21% when the mean difference in Ka is 10% and 20%, respectively; while, the probability of failure for multiple dose studies is about 36% regardless of the difference in Ka. The corresponding values for the probability of failure for sustained release products were 25%, 53% for single dose studies and 39% for multiple dose studies. The simulations also indicate that changes in the fraction absorbed have a greater effect on the estimation of Cmax in multiple dose regimens than in single dose studies. Conclusions. The results from these investigations indicate that multiple dose studies do not necessarily always reduce variability in Cmax. RP ELTAHTAWY, AA (reprint author), US FDA, CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES, 5600 FISHERS LANE, HFD 426, RM 13B17, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARM RES-DORDR JI Pharm. Res. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1634 EP 1641 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TG802 UT WOS:A1995TG80200012 PM 8592662 ER PT J AU NASR, MM ALLGIRE, JF AF NASR, MM ALLGIRE, JF TI LOADING EFFECT ON PARTICLE-SIZE MEASUREMENTS BY INERTIAL SAMPLING OF ALBUTEROL METERED-DOSE INHALERS SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALBUTEROL; MDI; PARTICLE-SIZE MEASUREMENT; LOADING EFFECT; HPLC-EC ID DRUG CONTENT AB Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the albuterol loading effect on particle size measurements by studying the effect of the amount of albuterol delivered, the number of puffs used, and the sampling techniques used in particle size measurement. Methods. Particle size distribution profiles for different albuterol loadings were evaluated using an 8-stage cascade impactor and a sensitive HPLC electrochemical assay method. A commercial albuterol MDI (Proventil(R)) and other specially prepared albuterol MDIs were used in the study. Results. As the amount of albuterol was increased, either by increasing the number of puffs or the amount delivered per puff, the measured MMAD increased. This increase was more prominent in some formulations (Proventil(R)) than others. Further, albuterol particles previously deposited on the valve and/or actuator didn't play a role in the observed multi-puff/loading effect. Conclusions. The collection of the least amount of aerosol in a cascade impactor provides a better estimate of MMAD, as it minimizes modifications of the collection surfaces. RP NASR, MM (reprint author), US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,1114 MARKET ST,ROOM 1002,ST LOUIS,MO 63101, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1677 EP 1681 DI 10.1023/A:1016253303206 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TG802 UT WOS:A1995TG80200019 PM 8592669 ER PT J AU RIEHL, JP MAUPIN, CL LAYLOFF, TP AF RIEHL, JP MAUPIN, CL LAYLOFF, TP TI ON THE CHOICE OF A LIGHT-SOURCE FOR THE PHOTOSTABILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS SO PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,ST LOUIS,MO 63101. RP RIEHL, JP (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,1400 TOWNSEND DR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION PI ROCKVILLE PA 12601 TWINBROOK PKWY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 SN 0363-4655 J9 PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM JI Pharmacop. Forum PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1654 EP 1663 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TE616 UT WOS:A1995TE61600008 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, SA ARROWOOD, JW SCHULTETUS, RS HOLSON, RR AF FERGUSON, SA ARROWOOD, JW SCHULTETUS, RS HOLSON, RR TI DECREASED DOMINANCE IN A LIMITED ACCESS TEST BUT NORMAL MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR IN MICRENCEPHALIC RATS SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE DOMINANCE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; SUBMISSION; MICRENCEPHALY; METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL ID SUBORDINATE MALE-RATS; MALE WISTAR RATS; METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL MAM; SOCIAL COMPETITION; SUCROSE-PELLETS; EXPOSURE; NEURONS; COLONY; TRIADS; WEIGHT AB Micrencephalic offspring produced by gestational treatment with the antimitotic compound methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) are remarkable for substantial preservation of function concurrent with severe neural stunting. Altered behaviors in these micrencephalics, including light shyness and response perseveration, are similar to those produced by frontal cortex lesions. Consistent with this, the frontal cortex is one of several regions severely stunted by gestational MAM treatment. Because the frontal,cortex has been implicated in rodent social behavior, maternal behavior in females and dominance in both sexes were assessed. Dominance was measured via water competition in 24-h water-deprived dyads (1 control and 1 MAM) matched for sex and body weight. Micrencephalic rats exhibited shorter drinking time than controls (males: 101 vs. 219 s, p < 0.001; females: 114 vs. 176 s, p < 0.03), indicating that micrencephalics were more submissive. For maternal behavior tests, micrencephalic and central females were bred to control males and pup retrieval was measured on postnatal days 3-13. Micrencephalic dams were unimpaired in any aspect of pup retrieval. Of 8 standard behavior measures used here and previously, access time in water competition tests produced the dearest differentiation between control and micrencephalic rats. These studies indicate that at least one aspect of social dominance in both sexes is severely reduced by MAM treatment while maternal behavior remains intact. RP FERGUSON, SA (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 58 IS 5 BP 929 EP 934 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(95)00154-B PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA TC917 UT WOS:A1995TC91700015 PM 8577890 ER PT J AU HOUN, F ELLIOTT, ML MCCROHAN, JL AF HOUN, F ELLIOTT, ML MCCROHAN, JL TI THE MAMMOGRAPHY QUALITY STANDARDS ACT OF 1992 - HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY SO RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER AB The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) of 1992 established a precedent in the practice of mammography by creating federal quality standards for all parts of the mammography system. Heralded by some as crucial so all US women can reap the full benefits of early detection of breast cancer, MQSA implementation was delegated to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 2, 1993. In this article the major historical forces that surrounded MQSA's enactment as well as the FDA's philosophy on regulation development, inspections, and compliance under MQSA is summarized. RP HOUN, F (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV MAMMOG QUAL & RADIAT PROGRAMS,OFF HLTH & IND PROGRAMS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0033-8389 J9 RADIOL CLIN N AM JI Radiol. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1059 EP & PG 0 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TH661 UT WOS:A1995TH66100004 PM 7480655 ER PT J AU Hansen, DK Grafton, TF Dial, SL Gehring, TA Siitonen, PH AF Hansen, DK Grafton, TF Dial, SL Gehring, TA Siitonen, PH TI Effect of supplemental folic acid on valproic acid-induced embryotoxicity and tissue zinc levels in vivo SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; MOUSE EMBRYO; RAT; PREGNANCY; FOLATE; PLASMA; PREVENTION; ABSORPTION; INVITRO AB Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant drug known to cause spina bifida in humans. Administration of the vitamin, folic acid, has been shown to decrease the recurrence and possibly also the occurrence of neural tu be defects, primarily spina bifida, in humans. Additionally, treatment with a derivative (folinic acid) of folic acid has been reported to decrease the frequency of VPA-induced exencephaly in mice treated with the drug in vivo. A protective effect by folinic acid has not been observed in vitro. The purpose of this investigation was to reexamine the ability of folinic acid to decrease the incidence of VPA-induced neural tube defects in vivo. We also examined the effect of increased intake of folic acid on zinc levels in various maternal and embryonic tissues. Folinic acid, whether administered by intraperitoneal injection or in osmotic mini-pumps, did not decrease the number of mouse fetuses with VPA-induced exencephaly. Dietary supplementation with 10-20 times the daily required intake of folic acid in rodents also failed to decrease the embryotoxicity of VPA. Such dietary supplementation had no effect on zinc levels in maternal liver, brain, or kidney, nor in embryonic tissues. These results indicate that folic acid is not able to reverse the embryotoxicity induced by the anticonvulsant, that there is no ap parent effect of high dietary folate intake on maternal or embryonic zinc levels and suggest that folate is probably not involved in the mechanism of VPA-induced embryotoxicity. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Hansen, DK (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,HFT-130,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD NOV PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1002/tera.1420520506 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA TR318 UT WOS:A1995TR31800005 PM 8838251 ER PT J AU Chung, KT Murdock, CA Stevens, SE Li, YS Wei, CI Huang, TS Chou, MW AF Chung, KT Murdock, CA Stevens, SE Li, YS Wei, CI Huang, TS Chou, MW TI Mutagenicity and toxicity studies of p-phenylenediamine and its derivatives SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mutagenicity; p-phenylenediamine; cytotoxicity; chromosomal aberration; oxidation potential; physical property ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIRECT-ACTING MUTAGENICITY; NITRO-GROUP ORIENTATION; AZO DYES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; REDUCTION; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; DNA AB The mutagenicity of p-phenylenediamine and its derivatives was tested using Ames Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100, p-Phenylenediamine was weakly mutagenic to TA98 with metabolic activation. 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine was directly mutagenic to both strains, while 2-methyl-p-phenylenediamine required S9 mix, All the test compounds induced a dose-related increase in chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the absence of the S9 mix. The mutagenicity and toxicity of these compounds did not correlate with their oxidation potentials, or any other tested physicochemical properties including the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied and the highest occupied molecular orbital, ionization potential, and dipole moment. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP Chung, KT (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DIV MOLEC SCI & MICROBIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1995 VL 81 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03404-8 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TK997 UT WOS:A1995TK99700004 PM 8525495 ER PT J AU Fang, Z Larson, DL Fleischmen, G AF Fang, Z Larson, DL Fleischmen, G TI Exergy analysis of a milk processing system SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE milk processing system; exergy; energy management; effective energy use AB Exergy optimization was used to evaluate milk processing system energy use and identify parameters and/or strategies yielding most effective use of energy quality. Exergy optimization results were then compared with results of energy optimization analysis conducted to minimize the energy use quantity. Although milk cooler, heater, and regenerator energy use efficiencies were near maximum attainable values, exergy analysis provided recommendations which could yield substantial improvements in system exergy performance, particularly minimization of homogenizer pressure drop and maximization of heat exchanger heat transfer coefficients. The analysis also dramatically showed the benefits of considering system, rather than component, energy use in developing energy management strategies. C1 ARIZONA DEPT ENVIRONM QUAL,PHOENIX,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,TUCSON,AZ. US FDA,CHICAGO,IL. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1825 EP 1832 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA TM693 UT WOS:A1995TM69300027 ER PT J AU TYRRELL, SA RIPPEY, SR WATKINS, WD AF TYRRELL, SA RIPPEY, SR WATKINS, WD TI INACTIVATION OF BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INDICATORS IN SECONDARY SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, USING CHLORINE AND OZONE SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OZONE; CHLORINE; DISINFECTION; MICROBIAL INDICATORS; WASTE-WATER; BACTERIOPHAGE; INACTIVATION; FECAL COLIFORM; ENTEROCOCCI; CLOSTRIDIUM ID ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION; WASTE-WATER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; POLIOVIRUS-1; ENUMERATION; ORGANISMS; VIRUS; MODEL AB The inactivation rates of indigenous populations of fecal coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, male-specific bacteriophage and somatic coliphage in secondary sewage effluents were compared using chlorine and ozone as disinfecting agents. The fecal coliform indicator was evaluated for its reliability to index viral responses to chlorine and ozone treatments in fecally polluted effluents. Effluents were collected from several wastewater treatment plants during a variety of meteorological conditions and exhibited a wide range in quality. In chlorinated effluent, a greater than 100-fold reduction in both fecal coliform and enterococci densities was observed. However, densities of the two bacteriophage groups were generally reduced less than IO-fold. In contrast, ozone treatments resulted in the inactivation of bacterial viruses, with more than 100-fold reductions of male-specific and somatic bacteriophage densities. The elimination of vegetative bacteria was less dramatic in ozonated effluents with less than a 30-fold reduction in the densities of both of these indicators. C. perfringens was relatively insensitive to inactivation by either disinfectant; populations of this indicator were stable for prolonged contact periods. These findings demonstrate that the fecal coliform indicator is inadequate for predicting viral responses to chlorine or ozone treatments. Ozone contact time and residual concentrations were increased appreciably in later trials to further determine the sensitivities of fecal coliforms and enterococci to this treatment. However, increasing these parameters, alone or in concert, did not enhance the rates at which vegetative bacterial populations declined. C1 US FDA,PUBL HLTH SERV,CBC DAVISVILLE,NE TECH SERV UNIT,N KINGSTOWN,RI 02852. RP TYRRELL, SA (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MICROBIOL,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. NR 37 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2483 EP 2490 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00103-R PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA RR976 UT WOS:A1995RR97600007 ER PT J AU MOYENUDDIN, M WEISS, R WACHSMUTH, IK AHEARN, DG AF MOYENUDDIN, M WEISS, R WACHSMUTH, IK AHEARN, DG TI NONTOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 INTESTINAL PATHOLOGY IN ADULT MICE SO ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY PARASITOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EL-TOR; TOXIN; HEMOLYSIN AB The intestinal pathology caused by nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 was examined in the sealed adult mouse (SAM) model. Histologic examination demonstrated that a nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strain that elicited maximum fluid accumulation (FA) in the small intestine of adult mice caused damages to the villi and necrosis of lymphoid elements within solitary submucosal lymphoid nodules in the Peyer's patches. Challenge of mice with a strain that did not elicit intestinal FA produced none of the above tissue responses. Increased FA activity, intestinal alterations, and tissue pathology caused by the nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 indicate it's pathogenic potential. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BIOL SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30302. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS DIAGNOST LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49 POSTFACH 72 01 43, D-70577 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0934-8840 J9 ZBL BAKT-INT J MED M JI Zent.bl. Bakteriol.-Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Virol. Parasitol. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 283 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA TH871 UT WOS:A1995TH87100005 PM 9810644 ER PT J AU RYANGRAHAM, MA PEDEN, KWC AF RYANGRAHAM, MA PEDEN, KWC TI BOTH VIRUS AND HOST COMPONENTS ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE MANIFESTATION OF A NEF(-) PHENOTYPE IN HIV-1 AND HIV-2 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; HTLV-III; LTR TRANSCRIPTION; TRANSGENIC MICE; DOWN-REGULATION; CELL-LINES; AIDS VIRUS; T-CELLS AB While it has been demonstrated that the Nef protein of simian immunodeficiency virus is obligatory for the establishment of high viral loads and the development of simian AIDS in rhesus macaques, demonstrating a critical role for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Nef protein in tissue culture has been elusive. Data have been contradictory as to whether Nef has a negative or positive influence on in vitro virus replication. In an attempt to define a role for Nef during virus propagation in tissue culture and to obtain virus-host systems that could distinguish between the Nef mutant and wildtype viruses, we have introduced mutations into the nef genes of infectious molecular clones of three HIV-I strains and two isolates of the HIV-2(ROD) strain and have investigated the capacity of viruses derived from them to infect a number of CD4-positive T-cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Mutating the nef gene of all viruses had a modest negative effect on virus production in activated PBMC. In some T-cell lines with some viruses, the effects were severe, and little or no Nef mutant virus could be detected. In other cell lines, the result of mutating the nef gene either had no effect or had a slight negative effect on the replication kinetics. Therefore, whether the consequences of loss of Nef activity can be demonstrated in vitro depends on both the particular virus and the host cell used, suggesting that Nef is exerting its activity on some cellular pathway. In addition, we describe the construction and properties of hitherto unreported infectious molecular clones of the ROD strain of HIV-2. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc C1 US FDA,CBER,RETROVIRUS RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NIMHD NIH HHS [MD800803] NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 20 PY 1995 VL 213 IS 1 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1556 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA TA440 UT WOS:A1995TA44000017 PM 7483259 ER PT J AU PACKARD, BZ LEE, SS REMOLDODONNELL, E KOMORIYA, A AF PACKARD, BZ LEE, SS REMOLDODONNELL, E KOMORIYA, A TI A SERPIN FROM HUMAN TUMOR-CELLS WITH DIRECT LYMPHOID IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY - MITOGENIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTE; SERPIN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; CANCER; (HUMAN) ID ELASTASE INHIBITOR; CARCINOMA ANTIGEN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REACTIVE CENTER; OVALBUMIN; CANCER AB A serum-free supernatant from an epidermal carcinoma cell line has previously been shown to contain mitogenic activity for human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in culture [1]. From this conditioned medium we have now purified to homogeneity, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis, a ca. 45 kDa protein which stimulates [H-3]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of these human T-lymphocytes, Amino acid composition data and immunoreactivity of the purified protein as well as sequence analyses of 7 tryptic fragments obtained therefrom suggest a strong similarity with human monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor, which is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, We have previously identified and purified from the same conditioned medium a 36 kDa protein with myeloid immunomodulatory activity [2]. Taken together, these two reports support the role of tumor-derived soluble factors in tumor immunosurveillance. C1 US FDA,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CTR BLOOD RES,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP PACKARD, BZ (reprint author), ONCOLUMMUNIN INC,335 PAINT BRANCH DR,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL41579] NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4889 J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. PD OCT 19 PY 1995 VL 1269 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0167-4889(95)00113-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TB499 UT WOS:A1995TB49900007 PM 7578269 ER PT J AU PACKARD, BZ MOSTOWSKI, HS KOMORIYA, A AF PACKARD, BZ MOSTOWSKI, HS KOMORIYA, A TI MITOGENIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES MEDIATED BY A CELL-SURFACE ELASTASE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTE; ELASTASE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; (HUMAN) ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; CANCER; IMMUNOTHERAPY; PURIFICATION; AGGREGATION; HYBRIDOMAS; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; THERAPY AB A ca, 45-kDa protein which was recently identified and purified to homogeneity from a solid tumor cell line as a T-cell mitogen was found to have significant sequence similarities with human monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor (EI) [1]. Since EI is a known substrate for elastase, a determination of whether a cell surface expressed elastase-like molecule might be the binding protein for this 45-kDa factor and mediate mitogenic signal transduction was undertaken. First, the surface of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TIL 660. the indicator cell line used for the purification of this mitogen, was shown to stain positively with an anti-elastase antibody using flow cytofluorometry for quantitation. Then, after observing an inverse correlation between cell surface staining and the proliferative status of the TILs, behavior which might be expected of a growth factor receptor upon activation, mitogenic signal transduction was attempted through the elastase-like molecules of the lymphocytes' plasma membrane with the anti-elastase antibody in the role of mitogen, A greater than 4-fold mitogenic stimulation was observed when this antibody was covalently linked to latex beads; in contrast, addition of the soluble form of the same antibody did not result in any increase in [H-3]thymidine incorporation into the cells' DNA. Hence, these data support induced clustering of an elastase-like molecule on the lymphocyte surface as a mediator of mitogenesis and suggest that the binding protein for mitogenic signal transduction induced by the 45-kDa protein, a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily of proteins, is a molecule with structure similar to a serine protease. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP PACKARD, BZ (reprint author), ONCOLMMUNIN INC,335 PAINT BRANCH DR,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4889 J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. PD OCT 19 PY 1995 VL 1269 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1016/0167-4889(95)00114-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TB499 UT WOS:A1995TB49900008 PM 7578270 ER PT J AU FUNG, MC WEINTRAUB, M BOWEN, DL AF FUNG, MC WEINTRAUB, M BOWEN, DL TI COLLOIDAL SILVER PROTEINS MARKETED AS HEALTH SUPPLEMENTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP FUNG, MC (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 18 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 15 BP 1196 EP 1197 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RZ120 UT WOS:A1995RZ12000016 PM 7563503 ER PT J AU SHAH, VP NOORY, A NOORY, C MCCULLOUGH, B CLARKE, S EVERETT, R NAVIASKY, H SRINIVASAN, BN FORTMAN, D SKELLY, JP AF SHAH, VP NOORY, A NOORY, C MCCULLOUGH, B CLARKE, S EVERETT, R NAVIASKY, H SRINIVASAN, BN FORTMAN, D SKELLY, JP TI IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION OF SPARINGLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG-DOSAGE FORMS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article AB An in vitro procedure for the evaluation of sparingly water-soluble drug products has been developed and tested. The data on several sparingly water-soluble drug products, such as danazol capsules, megestrol acetate tablets, prazosin HCl capsules, and quinestrol tablets is presented. The procedure allows a systematic approach to evaluate the dissolution profiles of sparingly water-soluble drug products using various aqueous media including those containing a surfactant such as sodium lauryl sulfate. This approach assists the analyst in developing a sensitive and specific dissolution methodology to characterize the in vitro release pattern of sparingly water-soluble drug products. C1 US FDA,SE REG LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30309. US FDA,CHICAGO DIST LAB,CHICAGO,IL 60616. US FDA,BALTIMORE DIST LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN ANALYT CTR,WINCHESTER,MA 01890. US FDA,CINCINNATI DIST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45202. RP SHAH, VP (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD OCT 17 PY 1995 VL 125 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/0378-5173(95)00123-Z PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RY119 UT WOS:A1995RY11900011 ER PT J AU STRONY, J RUSTERHOLTZ, L WEINSTEIN, M HAGA, J ADELMAN, B AF STRONY, J RUSTERHOLTZ, L WEINSTEIN, M HAGA, J ADELMAN, B TI THE ROLE OF VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR AND SHEAR-STRESS IN ABRUPT REOCCLUSION FOLLOWING STREPTOKINASE MEDIATED THROMBOLYSIS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 15 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 8 SU S BP 2981 EP 2981 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TB480 UT WOS:A1995TB48002961 ER PT J AU BASSEN, HI MOORE, HJ RUGGERA, PS AF BASSEN, HI MOORE, HJ RUGGERA, PS TI CELLULAR PHONE INTERFERENCE TESTING OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATORS, IN-VITRO SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 15 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 8 SU S BP 3547 EP 3547 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA TB480 UT WOS:A1995TB48003525 ER PT J AU KRZYCH, U LYON, JA JAREED, T SCHNEIDER, I HOLLINGDALE, MR GORDON, DM AF KRZYCH, U LYON, JA JAREED, T SCHNEIDER, I HOLLINGDALE, MR GORDON, DM TI T-LYMPHOCYTES FROM VOLUNTEERS IMMUNIZED WITH IRRADIATED PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITES RECOGNIZE LIVER AND BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA ANTIGENS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CELL CLONES; CS PROTEIN; BERGHEI; EXPRESSION; EPITOPES; GENE AB The model of protective immunity induced by immunization with irradiated plasmodia sporozoites (SPZ) has become the prototype for a promising vaccine strategy based on Ab and CTL responses directed against pre-erythrocytic stage Ags, in particular the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (SSP2). However, results from recently conducted vaccine studies suggest that T cell responses directed against additional specificities might also be required for protection. We have tested this hypothesis by examining human T lymphocytes from irradiated Plasmodium falciparum SPZ-immune volunteers for proliferative reactivities to parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) and recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides representing certain liver and blood stage Ags. In this work, we report that although SPZ-induced protective immunity is stage-specific, SPZ-immune lymphocytes recognized determinants associated with erythrocytic and liver stage parasites. Thus, protective immunity induced by irradiated SPZ may depend upon responses against pre-erythrocytic Ags in addition to CSP and SSP2. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV ALLERG PROD & PARASITOL,BETHESDA,MD 20852. RP KRZYCH, U (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT IMMUNOL,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 57 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 15 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 8 BP 4072 EP 4077 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA RY581 UT WOS:A1995RY58100048 PM 7561118 ER PT J AU HO, PTC MURGO, AJ AF HO, PTC MURGO, AJ TI HYDROXYUREA AND SICKLE-CELL CRISIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP HO, PTC (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20859, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 12 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 15 BP 1008 EP 1008 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RY586 UT WOS:A1995RY58600017 PM 7666902 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI CIDOFOVIR AVAILABLE UNDER TREATMENT IND FOR CMV RETINITIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 14 BP 1109 EP 1109 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RY056 UT WOS:A1995RY05600008 PM 7563473 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI PHARMACEUTICAL PROMOTION HEARINGS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 14 BP 1109 EP 1109 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RY056 UT WOS:A1995RY05600006 PM 7563473 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI PATIENT EDUCATION-PROGRAM PROPOSED SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 14 BP 1109 EP 1109 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RY056 UT WOS:A1995RY05600009 PM 7563473 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI PROPOSED RULE RESTRICTING SALE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS TO CHILDREN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US FDA,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 11 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 14 BP 1109 EP 1109 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RY056 UT WOS:A1995RY05600007 PM 7563473 ER PT J AU SCHMUED, LC SCALLET, AC SLIKKER, W AF SCHMUED, LC SCALLET, AC SLIKKER, W TI DOMOIC ACID-INDUCED NEURONAL DEGENERATION IN THE PRIMATE FOREBRAIN REVEALED BY DEGENERATION SPECIFIC HISTOCHEMISTRY SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EXCITOTOXIN; LIMBIC SYSTEM; SUBICULUM; KAINATE RECEPTOR; PAPEZ CIRCUIT; SILVER STAINING; MACACA FASCICULARIS ID MONKEYS MACACA-FASCICULARIS; THALAMIC CONNECTIONS; PAPEZ CIRCUIT; LIMBIC CORTEX; NEUROTOXICITY; PROJECTIONS; MUSSELS; RAT AB Domoic acid is a potent excitotoxin produced by diatoms which is subsequently passed along the marine food chain. Its chemical structure and toxicological properties are similar to kainic acid. Like kainic acid, exposure results in extensive hippocampal degeneration. The effect of domoic acid on other primate brain structures, however, is less resolved. In an attempt to clarify this issue, the present study applied a degeneration specific histochemical technique (de Olmos' cupric-silver method) to reveal degeneration within the brains of domoic acid-dosed cynomolgus monkeys. Degenerating neuronal cell bodies and terminals were found not only within the hippocampus, but also within a number of other 'limbic' structures including the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, the piriform cortex, the lateral septum, and the dorsal lateral nucleus of the thalamus. Although the hippocampus is a component of the original limbic circuit of Papez, other components such as the mammillary bodies, the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the cingulate cortex contained no degeneration, while a number of more recently documented efferent targets of the hippocampal formation revealed extensive degeneration. The pattern of degeneration generally correlated with those regions containing high densities of kainate receptors. RP SCHMUED, LC (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD OCT 9 PY 1995 VL 695 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00799-V PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RZ555 UT WOS:A1995RZ55500009 PM 8574649 ER PT J AU PATRIARCA, PA STRIKAS, RA AF PATRIARCA, PA STRIKAS, RA TI INFLUENZA VACCINE FOR HEALTHY-ADULTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; IMPACT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PATRIARCA, PA (reprint author), US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 5 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 14 BP 933 EP 934 DI 10.1056/NEJM199510053331410 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RX199 UT WOS:A1995RX19900010 PM 7666882 ER PT J AU HERR, MD HATHCOCK, AL HAMAKER, DW SCHULTE, JM HOEHNS, D MITCHELL, BE SIMPSON, DM AF HERR, MD HATHCOCK, AL HAMAKER, DW SCHULTE, JM HOEHNS, D MITCHELL, BE SIMPSON, DM TI UPDATE - HIV-2 INFECTION AMONG BLOOD AND PLASMA DONORS - UNITED-STATES, JUNE 1992 TO JUNE 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 603-606, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,LOCAL HLTH DEPT,OFF BLOOD RES & REVIEW,BUR HIV & STD PREVENT,AUSTIN,TX. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,STATE HLTH DEPT,OFF BLOOD RES & REVIEW,BUR HIV & STD PREVENT,AUSTIN,TX. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HERR, MD (reprint author), DELAWARE DIV PUBL HLTH,WILMINGTON,DE, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 13 BP 1007 EP 1008 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RX108 UT WOS:A1995RX10800006 ER PT J AU HONG, MK VOSSOUGHI, J HAUDENSCHILD, CC WONG, C ZUCKERMAN, BD LEON, MB AF HONG, MK VOSSOUGHI, J HAUDENSCHILD, CC WONG, C ZUCKERMAN, BD LEON, MB TI VASCULAR EFFECTS OF DIET-INDUCED HYPERCALCEMIA AFTER BALLOON ARTERY INJURY IN GIANT FLEMISH RABBITS SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANS-LUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; CALCIFICATION; MODEL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB To determine whether metastatic calcification during neointima formation can result in neointimal calcification that simulates advanced human atherosclerosis, 32 giant Flemish rabbits (weight 5.5 +/- 0.6 kg) underwent overstretch balloon injury of bilateral iliac arteries and received diet therapy for 8 weeks: high cholesterol (2%) and low calcium-vitamin D-2 regimen (250 mg of calcium carbonate orally 5 times weekly and 50,000 U of calciferol intramuscularly 3 times weekly; group 1; n = 5); low cholesterol (0.5%) and high calcium-vitamin D-2 regimen (500 mg of calcium carbonate orally 5 times weekly and 100,000 U of calciferol intramuscularly three times weekly; group 2; n = 19); or 0% cholesterol and high calcium-vitamin D-2 regimen (group 3; n = 8). The incidence of vascular calcification was highest (71.4%) in group 2. Eighty-one percent of calcification was medial. Residual strain measurements of 7 thoracic aortas from group 2 compared to normal thoracic aortas from 8 control rabbits showed that residual strain was significantly increased in the calcified atherosclerotic aortas (12.3% vs 5.2%; p = 0.001). We conclude that diet-induced hypercalcemia predominantly affects the media despite the presence of concomitant neointima formation from balloon artery injury with or without hypercholesterolemia and increases the residual strain more than twofold compared to normal thoracic aortas. C1 WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV DIST COLUMBIA,ENGN RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. AMER RED CROSS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 130 IS 4 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90074-8 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RX471 UT WOS:A1995RX47100011 PM 7572583 ER PT J AU BEDFORD, RF AF BEDFORD, RF TI SUCCINYLCHOLINE - CHANGES IN LABELING SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter RP BEDFORD, RF (reprint author), US FDA, CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 EI 1526-7598 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 81 IS 4 BP 883 EP 883 DI 10.1097/00000539-199510000-00043 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA RX477 UT WOS:A1995RX47700043 PM 7574032 ER PT J AU BEDFORD, RF AF BEDFORD, RF TI FROM THE FDA SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BEDFORD, RF (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,PILOT DRUG EVALUAT STAFF,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 83 IS 4 BP A33 EP A34 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA RY955 UT WOS:A1995RY95500002 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA HERMOGENES, AW SACKS, HS LAU, J LEVANDOWSKI, RA AF GROSS, PA HERMOGENES, AW SACKS, HS LAU, J LEVANDOWSKI, RA TI THE EFFICACY OF INFLUENZA VACCINE IN ELDERLY PERSONS - A METAANALYSIS AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NURSING-HOME; UNITED-STATES; A H3N2; MORTALITY; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMICS; PNEUMONIA; POPULATION; REDUCTION; ILLNESS AB Objective: To quantify the protective efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search was done using the index terms influenza vaccine, vaccine efficacy, elderly, mortality, hospitalized, and pneumonia. Appropriate references in the initially selected articles were also reviewed. Study Selection: Only cohort observational studies with mortality assessment were included in the metaanalysis. In addition, 3 recent case-control studies, 2 cost-effectiveness studies, and 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were reviewed. Data Extraction: Vaccine and epidemic virus strains, age and sex of patients, severity of illness, patient status, and study design were recorded. Upper respiratory illness, hospitalization, pneumonia, and mortality were used as outcome measures. Data Synthesis: In a meta-analysis of 20 cohort studies, the pooled estimates of vaccine efficacy (1 odds ratio) were 56% (95% CI, 39% to 68%) for preventing respiratory illness, 53% (CI, 35% to 66%) for preventing pneumonia, 50% (CI, 28% to 65%) for preventing hospitalization, and 68% (CI, 56% to 76%) for preventing death. Vaccine efficacy in the case-control studies ranged from 32% to 45% for preventing hospitalization for pneumonia, from 31% to 65% for preventing hospital deaths from pneumonia and influenza, from 43% to 50% for preventing hospital deaths from all respiratory conditions, and from 27% to 30% for preventing deaths from all causes. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed a 50% or greater reduction in influenza-related illness. Recent cost-effectiveness studies confirm the efficacy of influenza vaccine in reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality and show that vaccine provides important cost savings per year per vaccinated person. Conclusion: Despite the paucity of randomized trials, many studies confirm that influenza vaccine reduces the risks for pneumonia, hospitalization, and death in elderly persons during an influenza epidemic if the vaccine strain is identical or similar to the epidemic strain. Influenza immunization is an indispensable part of the care of persons 65 years of age and older. Annual vaccine administration requires the attention of all physicians and public health organizations. C1 SHEEHAN MEM HOSP,BUFFALO,NY 14203. MT SINAI MED CTR,CLIN TRIALS UNIT,NEW YORK,NY 10029. TUFTS NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV CLIN CARE RES,BOSTON,MA 02111. CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,DE. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD. RP GROSS, PA (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,30 PROSPECT AVE,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601, USA. FU PHS HHS [223-90-1102] NR 52 TC 726 Z9 758 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 518 EP 527 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RW495 UT WOS:A1995RW49500008 PM 7661497 ER PT J AU BRANHAM, WS SHEEHAN, DM AF BRANHAM, WS SHEEHAN, DM TI OVARIAN AND ADRENAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO POSTNATAL-GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE RAT UTERUS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID IMMATURE FEMALE RATS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; TRACT ABNORMALITIES; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; UTERINE RESPONSES; ANTI-ESTROGENS; DNA-SYNTHESIS; NEONATAL RAT; ONTOGENY; RESPONSIVENESS AB We tested the hypothesis that ovarian and/or adrenal factors contribute to uterine growth, differentiation, and acquisition of estrogen responsiveness in the postnatal rat. In untreated control rats, normalized uterine weight (5.2 mg/10 g BW on postnatal days [PND] 1-10) increased by about 35% on PND 11-19; PND 6 ovariectomy (OVX) eliminated this increase. Adrenalectomy (ADX) on PND 6 lowered normalized uterine weight only when combined with OVX and only on PND 16 and 19, demonstrating the presence of uterotropic adrenal products. OVX +/- ADX on PND 6 delayed uterine gland genesis by about 2 days but did not alter final gland numbers. There was no change in the normal pattern of luminal epithelium morphology. A uterotropic response to 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) occurred on PND 10 in OVX rats and on PND 12 in OVX+ADX rats, but not until PND 14 in controls. We conclude that normal uterine growth is independent of the ovaries and adrenals prior to PND 10, partially dependent during PND 10-15, and completely dependent during PND 16-26, Additionally, a uterotropic response to exogenous E(2) occurs concomitantly with, but independently of, the endogenous estrogen surge. Finally, while uterine gland genesis is slightly retarded by OVX +/- ADX, estrogens from these organs do not induce uterine differentiation. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT INTERDISCIPLINARY TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP BRANHAM, WS (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 67 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 53 IS 4 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1095/biolreprod53.4.863 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA RV640 UT WOS:A1995RV64000017 PM 8547482 ER PT J AU SIZEMORE, N MUKHTAR, H COUCH, LH HOWARD, PC RORKE, EA AF SIZEMORE, N MUKHTAR, H COUCH, LH HOWARD, PC RORKE, EA TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF NORMAL AND HPV IMMORTALIZED ECTOCERVICAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS TO B[ALPHA]P SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; CERVICAL-CANCER; SEX STEROIDS; DNA ADDUCTS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TRANSGLUTAMINASE ACTIVITY; RETINOID REGULATION; SMOKE CONSTITUENTS AB Cigarette smoking has been established as a risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), which are present in cigarette smoke, might account for this increased risk. The effects of B[a]P on cell growth, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, DNA adducts and p53 levels was measured in cervical cells. Since 90% of cervical preneoplastic lesions are positive for the human papillomavirus (HPV) we compared the effects of these chemicals in normal ectocervical epithelial cells (ECE) and human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) immortalized ectocervical epithelial cells (ECE16-1). Exposure of normal ECE and HPV immortalized ECE16-1 cells to B[a]P inhibited cell proliferation. Inhibition occurred at 20-fold lower concentrations in the normal ECE cells compared to ECE16-1 cells. The proliferation of cervical cells which express mutated p53 was unaffected by B[a]P. Neither cervical stromal cells nor endometrial stromal cells were affected by these compounds. The effects of B[a]P on normal ECE cell proliferation correlated with increased terminal differentiation as measured by increased envelope formation. In contrast, B[a]P exposure did not induce envelope formation in immortalized ECE16-1 cells or in cervical tumor cells. Pretreatment of both ECE and ECE16-1 cells with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which induces P450 expression and activity, did not alter B[a]P metabolism in either normal or immortalized cells. Furthermore, equivalent levels of DNA adducts were formed by B[a]P in ECE and ECE16-1 cells. Neither the extent of adduct formation nor the rate of their removal differed in normal and immortalized cervical cells. Therefore, the diminished growth inhibition of the ECE16-1 cells as compared to normal ECE cells by B[a]P is not due to changes in cytochrome P450 of the 1A family metabolism or DNA adduct number. Furthermore, analysis of the p53 levels in both normal and ECE16-1 cells revealed that p53 levels are higher in normal versus immortalized ectocervical cells, and p53 is induced in both cell types following B[a]P treatment. Thus reduced p53 levels in ECE16-1 cells may contribute to a lack of growth suppression following B[a]P treatment. These results demonstrate that HPV16 immortalization diminishes ectocervical epithelial cell responsiveness to toxicant damage (i.e. decreased cell proliferation and increased terminal differentiation). As a result, ECE16-1 cells that sustain genotoxic damage which leads to DNA adduct formation continue to proliferate and may be at increased risk for mutations and further progression towards a fully transformed phenotype. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT REPROD BIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05227, ES03648] NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 1995 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2413 EP 2418 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.10.2413 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TA476 UT WOS:A1995TA47600021 PM 7586144 ER PT J AU DEBLAKERHOHE, DF YAMAUCHI, A YU, CR HORVATHARCIDIACONO, JA BLOOM, ET AF DEBLAKERHOHE, DF YAMAUCHI, A YU, CR HORVATHARCIDIACONO, JA BLOOM, ET TI IL-12 SYNERGIZES WITH IL-2 TO INDUCE LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED CYTOTOXICITY AND PERFORIN AND GRANZYME GENE-EXPRESSION IN FRESH HUMAN NK CELLS SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PORE-FORMING PROTEIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION; STIMULATORY FACTOR NKSF; CYTO-TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES; GRANULE SERINE PROTEASES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; DNA FRAGMENTATION; T-CELLS; CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT AB NK-mediated cytotoxicity is regulated by a variety of cytokines and is thought to involve perforin and granzymes, The effects of IL-2 and IL-12 on the expression and activation of cytolysis were examined in freshly isolated human NK cells. A dose-dependent increase in cytolysis of the NK-sensitive target cell, K562, and the NK-insensitive but lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-sensitive target, UCLA-SO-M14, was observed after short term culture of purified human NK cells in either IL-2 or IL-12. Moreover, the two cytokines often synergized to produce augmented lytic activity. A suboptimal dose of IL-2 (60 IU/ml) combined with IL-12 (2 U/ml) could induce lytic activity equal to twice the additive effect of each cytokine alone. Northern analyses revealed time-dependent increases in mRNAs encoding for perforin and granzymes A and B following treatment with IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus IL-12. IL-2 and IL-12 also synergized for the induction of granzyme mRNAs, in that treatment with both cytokines increased mRNA levels approximately 50% above the sum of each cytokine alone, as quantitated by phosphorimage analysis, and normalized to GAPDH gene expression. However, the synergy between IL-2 and IL-12 for the induction of mRNA was less dramatic than for lytic activity. Results of experiments in which cytokine-treated cells were pulsed with actinomycin D indicated that the increased granzyme and perforin gene mRNA levels in response to IL-2, IL-12, or the combination were not due to increased transcript stability. The data suggest that low doses of IL-2 and IL-12 synergize to augment NK- and induce LAK-mediated cytotoxicity and that this increase is associated with enhanced transcription of perforin and granzyme genes in a synergistic fashion. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US FDA,CDER,DCGT HFM518,CELLULAR IMMUNOL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 61 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 165 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1006/cimm.1995.1184 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA RX039 UT WOS:A1995RX03900006 PM 7671323 ER PT J AU ALPERT, S AF ALPERT, S TI PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING DEVICES SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGICAL; DEVICE SAFETY; EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES; CRITICAL ILLNESS; NEW DEVICE APPROVAL; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT RP ALPERT, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1626 EP 1627 DI 10.1097/00003246-199510000-00005 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA RZ280 UT WOS:A1995RZ28000005 PM 7587226 ER PT J AU MATHERS, PH MILLER, A DONIACH, T DIRKSEN, ML JAMRICH, M AF MATHERS, PH MILLER, A DONIACH, T DIRKSEN, ML JAMRICH, M TI INITIATION OF ANTERIOR HEAD-SPECIFIC GENE-EXPRESSION IN UNCOMMITTED ECTODERM OF XENOPUS-LAEVIS BY AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURAL INDUCTION; EMBRYONIC DIFFERENTIATION; DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; ANTEROPOSTERIOR PATTERN; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; PLANAR SIGNALS; CEMENT GLAND; PLATE; CONSERVATION AB The role of homeobox-containing genes in the regional specification of the vertebrate embryo has been an area of intense research over the last decade. Whereas it appears that the homeobox genes of the Hox gene family play an important role in the specification of the trunk, the genes and processes involved in the specification of the head are less well understood. We have isolated a new head-specific homeobox gene, XANF-2, that appears to be involved in the regional specification of the anterior head of Xenopus embryos. This gene is initially expressed in the anterior dorsal region of early embryos and later exclusively in the primordium of the anterior pituitary gland. XANF-2 represents the earliest marker for the anterior pituitary lineage. Ammonium chloride is able to induce the expression of XANF-2 in uncommitted ectoderm. These and other data indicate that ammonium chloride is capable of inducing a large portion of the anterior dorsal region of the embryo which includes, but is not limited to, the anterior pituitary gland and cement gland anlagen. This implies that changes in intracellular ionic conditions play an important role in the formation of the anterior head region. Ln addition to NH4Cl, injection of follistatin RNA can induce transcription of XANF-2 suggesting that these two unrelated compounds can activate a chain of events leading to the formation of the amphibian head. furthermore, we demonstrate that planar induction in Keller sandwiches can induce XANF-2 expression as well as the expression of the cement gland-specific gene, XCG 13, indicating that planar signaling can account for induction of even the most anterior regions of the embryo. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US FDA,CBER,DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPY,DEV BIOL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 66 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.1006/dbio.1995.1311 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA RY528 UT WOS:A1995RY52800032 PM 7556943 ER PT J AU ADRIAENS, FA HARD, DL MILLER, MA PHIPPS, RH SORBET, RH HINTZ, RL COLLIER, RJ AF ADRIAENS, FA HARD, DL MILLER, MA PHIPPS, RH SORBET, RH HINTZ, RL COLLIER, RJ TI PITUITARY-RESPONSE TO THYROTROPIN, CORTICOTROPIN, AND GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONES IN LACTATING COWS TREATED WITH SOMETRIBOVE FOR A 4TH CONSECUTIVE LACTATION SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRIESIAN DAIRY-COWS; GROWTH FACTOR-I; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; MILK-YIELD; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GRANULOSA-CELLS; INSULIN; PROLACTIN; METABOLISM; NUTRITION AB The effect of chronic treatment with recombinant methionyl bovine somatotropin (USAN, sometribove) on anterior pituitary secretions and its target organs was investigated in six control and six sometribove-treated British Friesian cows. Cows averaged 112 and 119 d postpartum in their fourth lactation of treatment and, except for one control, had active corpora lutea. During each lactation, treated cows received sometribove injections (500 mg) every 2 wk (injection cycle) starting 60 +/- 3 d postpartum. On Day 9 of one injection cycle, blood was sampled for 390 min, starting 30 min before an intravenous injection of thyrotropin (TRH, 0.33 mu g/kg), corticotropin (100 mu g), and gonadotropin (GnRH, 200 mu g)-releasing hormones. Baseline somatotropin (bST) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were higher in sometribove-treated cows vs. controls (3.27 vs. 1.03 ng/ml and 35.24 vs. 19.28 pg/ml, respectively). Baseline total thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, prolactin, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, estradiol, and progesterone (P4) were similar across treatments. Circulating cortisol levels did not differ between control and sometribove cows, indicating a reduced adrenal ACTH responsiveness in the latter. Releasing factors induced similar changes across treatments in hormones studied with the following exceptions: a bST spike was seen in control cows only, cortisol response to ACTH was reduced in treated cows, and a significantly higher P4 concentration was detected in the plasma of sometribove-treated cows, suggesting increased ovarian responsiveness to GnRH-stimulated P4 output. The study demonstrated reduced bST response to TRH, consistent with physiologic feedback mechanisms, whereas the release profiles of the other pituitary hormones were unaffected. Target tissue responses affected by chronic sometribove treatment appear to be adrenal cortisol and ovarian P4 output. C1 MONSANTO CO,BB3F,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CTR DAIRY RES,ARBORFIELD RG2 9HX,BERKS,ENGLAND. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domes. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00027-C PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RU640 UT WOS:A1995RU64000001 PM 8575163 ER PT J AU SISTARE, FD ROSENZWEIG, BA CONTRERA, JG AF SISTARE, FD ROSENZWEIG, BA CONTRERA, JG TI P-2 PURINERGIC RECEPTORS POTENTIATE PARATHYROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED INCREASES IN INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM AND INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE IN UMR-106 RAT OSTEOBLASTS SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA CELL-LINE; BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; EXPRESSION CLONING; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; BONE-RESORPTION; PROTEIN-KINASE; ACTIVATION; CAMP; RESPONSES AB The PTH receptor has been cloned and shown to activate both adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. Evidence exists that both signaling pathways are important for mediating the net physiological effects of this hormone on bone remodeling. We have shown previously that UMR-106 osteoblastic sarcoma cells express two calcium-signaling P-2 purinergic receptors, a P-2U and a unique P-2T receptor. Neither receptor modulates PTH receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase. We now report that stimulation of either P-2 receptor will, however, potentiate the magnitude of the calcium signal observed after subsequent addition of human (h) PTH-(1-34) to fluo-3-loaded UMR-106 cells. Results from experiments with staurosporine and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate argue against a role for protein kinase C as a mediator of this potentiating effect of P-2 receptor ligands. The P-2 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium elevation itself cannot account for the potentiating mechanism, because addition of ionomycin will not replicate the effect of P-2 receptor ligands on hPTH-(1-34) signaling. Addition of EGTA after exposure to P-2 ligands does not prevent the potentiation of hPTH-(1-34), indicating that P-2 ligands potentiate the release of intracellular calcium after PTH receptor stimulation. Inositol trisphosphate production is potentiated in response to hPTH-(1-34) after first priming [H-3]inositol-labeled cells with a P-2 agonist. We conclude that UMR-106 cells express PTH receptors that are capable of activating adenylate cyclase, but may be unable to activate phospholipase C until cells receive a signal as a consequence of P-2 receptor activation. The nature of the signal is unclear, but appears not to be mediated by either calcium or protein kinase C. RP SISTARE, FD (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV RES & TESTING,MOD I,ROOM 2007,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 136 IS 10 BP 4489 EP 4497 DI 10.1210/en.136.10.4489 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RW031 UT WOS:A1995RW03100045 PM 7664669 ER PT J AU PEIPERL, MD PRIVAL, MJ BELL, SJ AF PEIPERL, MD PRIVAL, MJ BELL, SJ TI DETERMINATION OF COMBINED BENZIDINE IN FD-AND-C YELLOW-NO-6 (SUNSET-YELLOW FCF) SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SULFONATED AROMATIC-AMINES; REDUCTION; DERIVATIZATION; DIAZOTIZATION; TARTRAZINE; METABOLISM AB Samples from 67 manufactured lots of FD&C Yellow No. 6 (Sunset Yellow FCF; Colour Index No. 15985) were analysed for combined benzidine. These samples were selected from those submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for certification between October 1991 and December 1992 by 13 dye distributors. Dithionite was used to reduce any combined benzidine present in the form of azo or disazo dyes to free benzidine. This reduction was followed by extraction, diazotization and coupling with 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (R salt). The total benzidine was quantified as benzidine-R salt disazo dye by HPLC with detection at 540 nm and a quantification limit of 10 ng benzidine/g FD&C Yellow No. 6. Of the 67 samples analysed, 34 were found to contain more than 10 ng combined benzidine/g. Of these, 30 samples were from one manufacturing company, including three of its subsidiaries. The level of combined benzidine found ranged from 11 to 104 ng/g, except for one sample containing 941 ng/g. C1 US FDA,GENET TOXICOL BRANCH HFS236,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,COLOR TECHNOL BRANCH HFS126,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00051-3 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TF961 UT WOS:A1995TF96100004 PM 7590527 ER PT J AU SHEU, CW RODRIGUEZ, I DOBRAS, SN LEE, JK AF SHEU, CW RODRIGUEZ, I DOBRAS, SN LEE, JK TI INDUCTION OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION IN BALB/3T3 MOUSE EMBRYO CELLS BY OKADAIC ACID SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TUMOR PROMOTER; COMMUNICATION; EXPRESSION; INHIBITOR AB Okadaic acid is produced by several types of dinoflagellates (marine plankton) and has been implicated as a causative agent of diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning. Okadaic acid, a known tumour promoter in vivo, has been shown to promote morphological transformation of carcinogen-initiated BALB/3T3 cells. This study shows that okadaic acid is capable of inducing morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 cells in the absence of an initiator. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MATH,RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP SHEU, CW (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MOLEC BIOL RES & EVALUAT,GENET TOXICOL BRANCH,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 883 EP 885 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00050-C PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA TF961 UT WOS:A1995TF96100010 PM 7590533 ER PT J AU HAYASHI, PH TOKIWA, T AKATSUKA, T MIHALIK, K SHERMAN, G HOOFNAGLE, JH RICE, CM AF HAYASHI, PH TOKIWA, T AKATSUKA, T MIHALIK, K SHERMAN, G HOOFNAGLE, JH RICE, CM TI HCV PROTEINS DO NOT BIND P53 OR RETINOBLASTOMA TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS, IN-VITRO SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDDK,LIVER DIS SECT,BETHESDA,MD. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 350 EP 350 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000350 ER PT J AU KUROKOHCHI, K CARRINGTON, M MANN, D SIMONIS, TB FEINSTONE, SM AKATSUKA, T BERZOFSKY, JA AF KUROKOHCHI, K CARRINGTON, M MANN, D SIMONIS, TB FEINSTONE, SM AKATSUKA, T BERZOFSKY, JA TI ANALYSIS OF GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HLA-CLASS-I MOLECULES AND THE TRANSPORTER ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIGEN-PROCESSING (TAP) IN HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,METAB BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,IMMUNOGENT SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. US FDA,DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NIH,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 372 EP 372 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000371 ER PT J AU GU, XX TSAI, CM APICELLA, MA LIM, DJ AF GU, XX TSAI, CM APICELLA, MA LIM, DJ TI QUANTITATION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RELEASED AND CELL-BOUND LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM NONTYPABLE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL OTITIS-MEDIA; MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSIONS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN; HETEROGENEITY; INOCULATION AB Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major pathogen causing otitis media in children. NTHi releases lipooligosaccharide (LOS) as outer membrane fragments during its growth. The release of LOS may play an important role in the pathogenicity of otitis media caused by this organism. The amounts of LOS in bacterial cells and growth media for five NTHi strains were determined by quantitative silver staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These strains were estimated to have 1.6 x 10(6) to 4.8 x 10(6) LOS molecules per bacterium, During a 3-day growth period, these NTHi strains released variable but significant amounts of LOS into the growth medium. Cells started to release detectable amounts of LOS into the medium st 2 to 5 h and continued to do so for up to 48 or 72 h. The concentrations of LOS in the culture supernatants released by these five strains were 10 to 55 mu g/ml at 24 h and 40 to 100 mu g/ml at 72 h, which was 34 to 189% of the cell-bound LOS concentration, The biological properties of released and cell-bound LOSs from two representative strains were compared. Released LOS showed an approximately 10-fold increase in inducing human monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6, a 13- to 28-fold increase in mouse lethal toxicity, and a 16- to 37-fold increase in the clotting of Limulus amebocyte lysate, These results suggested that released LOS or its inflammatory mediators play a more important role than the LOS in bacteria in the pathogenicity of otitis media caused by this organism. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV IOWA,DEPT MICROBIOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP GU, XX (reprint author), NIDCD,CELLULAR BIOL LAB,BLDG 29,ROOM 402,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI24616] NR 57 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4115 EP 4120 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW006 UT WOS:A1995RW00600052 PM 7558327 ER PT J AU Collins, TFX Black, TN ODonnell, MW AF Collins, TFX Black, TN ODonnell, MW TI Teratogenic potential of FD&C red no 3 when given by gavage (Reprinted from Toxicology and Industrial Health, vol 9, pg 605-616, 1993) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Reprint DE erythrosine; gavage; teratogenic potential ID ERYTHROSINE; RATS AB FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) is a commonly used food additive. As part of a series of studies on the potential fetal developmental effects of food colors, FD&C Red No. 3 was administered by gavage to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats at daily dose levels of 15, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg on days 0-19 of gestation. Control animals were given distilled water by gavage. On gestation day 20, the animals were euthanized and cesarean sections were performed. During the entire treatment period, feed consumption by the animals given 400 mg/kg doses was increased significantly; the increases in the animals given 30 or 800 mg/kg were of borderline significance. The only significant increase in maternal weight gain, on days 0-7 in the animals given 30 mg/kg, was considered a random occurrence. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No fetal terata were seen, and neither skeletal nor visceral development was affected. FD&C Red No. 3 was neither fetotoxic nor teratogenic at 800 mg/kg when given by gavage. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1054-044X J9 INT J OCCUP MED TOX JI Int. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 479 EP 490 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA TW127 UT WOS:A1995TW12700006 ER PT J AU COWAN, EP ALEXANDER, RK DANIEL, S KASHANCHI, F BRADY, JN AF COWAN, EP ALEXANDER, RK DANIEL, S KASHANCHI, F BRADY, JN TI A POSTMITOTIC HUMAN NEURONAL CELL-LINE PRODUCES TNF-ALPHA AND UNDERGOES CELL-DEATH IN RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH SOLUBLE HTLV-I TAX SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,BETHESDA,MD. NCI,MOLEC VIROL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000043 ER PT J AU COWAN, EP ALEXANDER, RK DANIEL, S DENNY, TN MONEL, R WEISS, SH AF COWAN, EP ALEXANDER, RK DANIEL, S DENNY, TN MONEL, R WEISS, SH TI HTLV-II-ASSOCIATED SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION (SLP) IN AN IDU COHORT - INFLUENCE OF HTLV-II VIRAL EXPRESSION AND COINFECTION WITH HIV SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CBER,DIV TRANFUS TRANSMITTED DIS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000138 ER PT J AU KAWANISHI, T HAGIWARA, E LEHKY, T BIDDISON, W KLINMAN, D JACOBSON, S AF KAWANISHI, T HAGIWARA, E LEHKY, T BIDDISON, W KLINMAN, D JACOBSON, S TI IL-2, IFN-GAMMA, AND IL-4-SECRETING CELL-POPULATIONS ARE INCREASED IN PBMC FROM HAM/TSP PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000146 ER PT J AU VALLEJO, A HEREDIA, A WEISS, SH HEWLETT, IK AF VALLEJO, A HEREDIA, A WEISS, SH HEWLETT, IK TI INFLUENCE OF ZIDOVUDINE ON HTLV-II IN-VITRO REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CBER,MOLEC VIROL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,DIV INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000160 ER PT J AU MARGEVICIUS, KJ BAUER, TW MCMAHON, JT BROWN, SA AF MARGEVICIUS, KJ BAUER, TW MCMAHON, JT BROWN, SA TI UNTITLED - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. US FDA,DIV MECH & MAT SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. US FDA,DIV LIFE SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. vol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1625 EP 1626 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA TA513 UT WOS:A1995TA51300021 ER PT J AU KRAUSE, PR KLINMAN, DM AF KRAUSE, PR KLINMAN, DM TI EFFICACY, IMMUNOGENICITY, SAFETY, AND USE OF LIVE ATTENUATED CHICKENPOX VACCINE SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; HERPES-ZOSTER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; PROTECTION; PREVALENCE; LEUKEMIA; ANTIBODY; ADULTS C1 US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DNA VIRUSES LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DIV VIRAL PROD, RETROVIRAL RES LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 39 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 127 IS 4 BP 518 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70106-0 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RZ084 UT WOS:A1995RZ08400002 PM 7562270 ER PT J AU HANNA, GM LAUCAM, CA AF HANNA, GM LAUCAM, CA TI DETERMINATION OF THE OPTICAL PURITY OF TIMOLOL MALEATE BY PROTON NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY WITH A CHIRAL PR(III) SHIFT-REAGENT SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE TIMOLOL MALEATE; OPTICAL PURITY; H-1 NMR SPECTROSCOPY; CHIRAL PR(III) SHIFT REAGENT ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOMER L-714,465; HUMAN-PLASMA; DERIVATIVES; BLOCKADE; GLAUCOMA; PHASE AB A H-1 NMR spectroscopic method with chiral shift chelate is presented for the determination of the optical purity of timolol maleate. Optimum experimental conditions were established by studying the interactions of solvents (CCl4, CDCl3), substrate concentration, and the type and concentration of chiral lanthanide chelate (Pr(hfc)(3), Eu(hfc)(3)). Larger induced shift (Delta delta) and enantiomeric shift difference (Delta Delta delta) values, and more detailed spectral differences were obtained with Pr(hfc)(3) than with Eu(hfc)(3). By monitoring the spectral changes of the resonance signals for the enantiomeric -C(CH3)(3) protons, suitable conditions for quantitative determinations were found when 0.1 molar equivalents of Pr(hfc)(3) were complexed with 0.074 M of substrate. Enantiomeric compositions were calculated from the relative intensities of the enantiomeric -C(CH3)(3) proton resonances. Based on the analysis of six synthetic enantiomeric mixtures, the mean +/-SD recovery of (R)-(+)-timolol by the proposed method was 99.5 +/- 1.17% of the amount added. C1 ST JOHNS UNIV,COLL PHARM & ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,JAMAICA,NY 11439. RP HANNA, GM (reprint author), US FDA,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,NEW YORK REG LAB,850 3RD AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11239, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1313 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01556-Z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TG666 UT WOS:A1995TG66600003 PM 8634348 ER PT J AU BROENING, HW BOWYER, JF SLIKKER, W AF BROENING, HW BOWYER, JF SLIKKER, W TI AGE-DEPENDENT SENSITIVITY OF RATS TO THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE SEROTONERGIC NEUROTOXICANT (+/-)-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) CORRELATES WITH THE MAGNITUDE OF THE MDMA-INDUCED THERMAL RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; DOPAMINE RELEASE; BRAIN; METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE; METABOLISM; STRIATUM AB The effects of developmental age on (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced reductions in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content and 5-HT reuptake sites were investigated in conjunction with the effects of developmental age on MDMA-induced thermoregulatory responses. MDMA was administered to rats at postnatal days (PND) 10, 40 and 70 in a range of ambient temperature environments (10 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 33 degrees C). Animals were monitored for alterations in body temperature and sacrificed 1 week after MDMA administration. MDMA administration at PND 10 did not result in persistent reductions in 5-HT content or 5-HT reuptake sites in frontal cortex, nor could a hyperthermic response be elicited. In contrast, MDMA administration at PND 40 and PND 70 resulted in a hypothermic response in cold environments (10 degrees C) and a hyperthermic response in warm environments (greater than or equal to 25 degrees C). When hypothermia was observed after MDMA (10 degrees C environment), long-term reductions in 5-HT content and 5-HT reuptake sites were significantly attenuated or abolished. Conversely, when a hyperthermic response was observed (25 degrees C and 33 degrees C environments), long-term MDMA-induced reductions in 5-HT content and 5-HT reuptake sites were significantly enhanced. Thus, thermal responses significantly correlated with MDMA-induced reductions in 5-HT content and 5-HT reuptake sites. These experiments demonstrate a role for hyperthermia in the expression of serotonergic neurotoxicity after MDMA administration. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,INTERDISCIPLINARY TOXICOL PROGRAM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 55 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 275 IS 1 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TA467 UT WOS:A1995TA46700041 PM 7562567 ER PT J AU WEAR, KA GARRA, BS HALL, TJ AF WEAR, KA GARRA, BS HALL, TJ TI MEASUREMENTS OF ULTRASONIC BACKSCATTER COEFFICIENTS IN HUMAN LIVER AND KIDNEY IN-VIVO SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; HUMAN OBSERVER PERFORMANCE; NORMAL RENAL PARENCHYMA; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; MAMMALIAN-TISSUES; DATA REDUCTION; FREQUENCY; DISEASE; TESTS AB Ultrasonic backscatter coefficients, in the range of 2.0-4.0 MHz, were measured in normal human livers and kidneys in vivo. In liver, data were acquired and analyzed from 15 normal volunteers and 19 patients with hepatitis. No significant difference. between normal and chronic hepatitis was found. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal Liver as a function of frequency was eta(f)=4.5X10(-5) f(1.6) cm(-1) Str(-1). This is comparable to that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal liver and to that measured by two other teams of investigators in in vivo human liver. In kidney, data were acquired from 11 normal volunteers. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal kidney was eta(f)=2.3 X 10(-5) f(2.1) cm(-1) Str(-1) This is in the range of that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal kidney. Ln order to assess the system dependence of in vivo abdominal organ backscatter coefficients, measurements were performed using two different ultrasonic data-acquisition systems. The two systems exhibited close agreement. (C) 1995 Acoustical Society of America. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. RP WEAR, KA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,12720 TWINBROOK PKWY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Hall, Timothy/K-3632-2012 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1852 EP 1857 DI 10.1121/1.413372 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA RY394 UT WOS:A1995RY39400008 PM 7593911 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, MN RIVIERE, JE KORITZ, GD AF MARTINEZ, MN RIVIERE, JE KORITZ, GD TI REVIEW OF THE FIRST INTERACTIVE WORKSHOP ON PROFESSIONAL FLEXIBLE LABELING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP MARTINEZ, MN (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,7500 STANDISH PL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 7 BP 865 EP 865 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RX421 UT WOS:A1995RX42100010 ER PT J AU SUNDLOF, SF AF SUNDLOF, SF TI THE CENTER FOR VETERINARY-MEDICINE PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SUNDLOF, SF (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,7500 STANDISH PL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 7 BP 867 EP 868 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RX421 UT WOS:A1995RX42100012 PM 7559006 ER PT J AU SUNDLOF, SF AF SUNDLOF, SF TI FINAL THOUGHTS - CLOSING COMMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SUNDLOF, SF (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 7 BP 911 EP 911 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RX421 UT WOS:A1995RX42100033 ER PT J AU FITZPATRICK, SC BRYNES, SD GUEST, GB AF FITZPATRICK, SC BRYNES, SD GUEST, GB TI DIETARY-INTAKE ESTIMATES AS A MEANS TO THE HARMONIZATION OF MAXIMUM RESIDUE LEVELS FOR VETERINARY DRUGS .1. CONCEPT SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article AB The harmonization of standards and procedures for establishing tolerances or maximum residue levels (MRLs) for veterinary drug residues in edible animal products is a major goal of the international veterinary drug community. Such harmonization would contribute to easing trade barriers. This paper proposes use of the toxicologically determined acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the drug as the safety standard for reaching conclusions on the acceptability of residues in meat for human consumption, Specifically, the 'equivalence' of different MRLs for the same veterinary drug would be determined by considering whether they are likely to result in dietary residues that exceed another country's ADI for the drug. Two methods of estimating dietary intake are described, and estimates are made for the veterinary drugs albendazole and ivermectin, Based on these estimates, the US and JECFA MRLs for each drug would be considered 'equivalent' for trade purposes. C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therapeutics PD OCT PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00598.x PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA TE307 UT WOS:A1995TE30700002 PM 8587148 ER PT J AU GOLDING, H DIMITROV, DS MANISCHEWITZ, J BRODER, CC ROBINSON, J FABIAN, S LITTMAN, DR LAPHAM, CK AF GOLDING, H DIMITROV, DS MANISCHEWITZ, J BRODER, CC ROBINSON, J FABIAN, S LITTMAN, DR LAPHAM, CK TI PHORBOL ESTER-INDUCED DOWN-MODULATION OF TAILLESS CD4 RECEPTORS REQUIRES PRIOR BINDING OF GP120 AND SUGGESTS A ROLE FOR ACCESSORY MOLECULES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUSES; MEMBRANE-FUSION; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; CD4-MEDIATED FUSION; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; HIV-1 INFECTION; CELL-FUSION; T-CELLS AB The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into cells proceeds via a fusion mechanism that is initiated by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120-gp41 to its cellular receptor CD4. Species- and tissue-specific restrictions to viral entry suggested the participation of additional membrane components in the postbinding fusion events. In a previous study (H. Golding, J. Manischewitz, L. Vujcic, R. Blumenthal, and D. Dimitrov, J. Virol. 68:1962-1968, 1994), it was found that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated cell fusion by inducing down modulation of an accessory component(s) in the CD4 expressing cells. The fusion inhibition was seen in a variety of cells, including T-cell transfectants expressing engineered CD4 receptors (CD4.401 and CD4.CD8) which are not susceptible to down modulation by PMA treatment. In the current study, it was found that preincubation of A2.01.CD4.401 cells with soluble monomeric gp120 for 1 h at 37 degrees C primed them for PMA-induced down modulation (up to 70%) of the tailless CD4 receptors. The gp120-priming effect was temperature dependent, and the down modulation may have occurred via clathrin-coated pits. Importantly, nonhuman cell lines expressing tailless CD4 molecules did not down modulate their CD4 receptors under the same conditions. The gp120-dependent PMA-induced down modulation of tailless CD4 receptors could be efficiently blocked by the human monoclonal antibodies 48D and 17B, which bind with increased avidity to gp120 that was previously bound to CD4 (M. Thali, J. P. Moore, C. Furman, M. Charles, D. D. Ho, J. Robinson, and J. Sodroski, J. Virol. 67:3978-3988, 1993). These findings suggest that gp120 binding to cellular CD4 receptors induces conformational changes leading to association of the gp120-CD4 complexes with accessory transmembrane molecules that are susceptible to PMA-induced down modulation and can target the virions to clathrin-coated pits. C1 NCI,MEMBRANE STRUCT & FUNCT SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,VIRAL DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CONNECTICUT,HLTH SCI CTR,FARMINGTON,CT. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP GOLDING, H (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24030] NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 69 IS 10 BP 6140 EP 6148 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA RU784 UT WOS:A1995RU78400025 PM 7545243 ER PT J AU SHELDON, WG WARBRITTON, AR BUCCI, TJ TURTURRO, A AF SHELDON, WG WARBRITTON, AR BUCCI, TJ TURTURRO, A TI GLAUCOMA IN FOOD-RESTRICTED AND AD LIBITUM-FED DBA/2NNIA MICE SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY MICE AB We allocated 110 DBA/2NNia mice of either sex to one of two feeding regimens: ad libitum (AL) or food restriction (FR) to 60% of the amount consumed by the AL group. The mice were examined at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months (at 3 months, only AL mice were examined). During the remaining periods approximately equal numbers (n = 10) of mice of both sexes and diet groups were examined. Peripheral anterior synechia was the first glaucoma-associated lesion observed and was present in 8 of 10 AL female mice, 6 of 10 AL males, and 1 FR male at 6 months. At 9 months peripheral anterior synechia was present in all AL females and was accompanied by depletion of retinal ganglion cells and degeneration of the optic nerves and optic tracts. Ninety percent of the eyes in the AL males also had peripheral anterior synechia at 9 months, but ganglion cell depletion and optic nerve degeneration were not observed as frequently. Neovascular membranes in the iridocorneal angle, a component of peripheral anterior synechia, were first observed at 9 months in approximately 55% of the globes of the AL mice and 5% of the FR mice. This was a major difference in the microscopic features of synechia between the diet groups and resulted in increased severity of synechia in the AL mice compared with their FR cohorts. Degeneration of the optic nerves and tracts was characterized by atrophy, astrogliosis, increase in cellularity, fragmentation of axons, and loss of myelin. Glaucoma in the FR mice of both sexes was less severe than in their AL counterparts. The most severely affected were AL females, followed by FR females, AL males, and FR males. Food restriction reduced the incidence and severity of the ocular lesions in females at all periods. The primary benefit of FR in males occurred during the 6- and 9-month periods when the incidence and severity of the glaucoma-related lesions were reduced; in the succeeding months the major benefit was minimal reduction of the severity of the lesions. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP SHELDON, WG (reprint author), PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 16 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 508 EP 518 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA TB765 UT WOS:A1995TB76500007 PM 8569148 ER PT J AU SULEIMAN, OH CONWAY, BJ FEWELL, TR STAYTON, RJ RUETER, FG GRAY, J AF SULEIMAN, OH CONWAY, BJ FEWELL, TR STAYTON, RJ RUETER, FG GRAY, J TI RADIATION PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR MEDICAL X-RAY-FILM SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RADIOGRAPHIC FOG; SHIELDING; HIM STORAGE AB Previous darkroom shielding requirements for medical x-ray film assumed that the film should not be exposed to diagnostic x-ray radiation levels greater than 2 mu Gy (0.2 mR) for the life of the film. Modern medical x-ray films are much less sensitive to ionizing radiation, with most films showing at least an order of magnitude less sensitivity than previously assumed. Conversely, these same films when loaded in cassettes using modern intensifying screens exhibit an order of magnitude greater sensitivity when these cassettes are exposed to ionizing radiation; These data suggest that protection of modern medical x-ray film, stored in a darkroom, may require less shielding than previously assumed. Conversely, film loaded in a cassette will require greater shielding. C1 MAYO CLIN,ROCHESTER,MN 55901. RP SULEIMAN, OH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH HFZ240,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1691 EP 1693 DI 10.1118/1.597629 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TA817 UT WOS:A1995TA81700017 PM 8551996 ER PT J AU ARMOA, GRG ROUSE, DA NAIR, J MACKALL, JC MORRIS, SL AF ARMOA, GRG ROUSE, DA NAIR, J MACKALL, JC MORRIS, SL TI A HIGHLY IMMUNOGENIC PUTATIVE MYCOBACTERIUM-KANSASII LIPOPROTEIN SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII; LIPOPROTEINS; MYCOBACTERIAL ANTIGENS ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AVIUM COMPLEX; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; SEROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; INTRACELLULARE; TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIGENS AB The resurgence of tuberculosis, the emergence of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis, and the increasing prevalence of mycobacterial disease in AIDS patients have increased the importance of defining new mycobacterial antigens that can be utilized in the development of improved diagnostic reagents and more effective vaccines. In this report, a highly immunogenic Mycobacterium kansasii protein (MK35) and the gene encoding this antigen were characterized. MK35 gene probes reacted with genomic DNA from M. avium, M. bovis BCG, M. intracellulare and M. tuberculosis but not with DNA isolated from nine other mycobacterial species. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the MK35 gene encodes a 26 kDa protein which contains a consensus bacterial lipoprotein processing sequence. In addition, detergent-phase separation studies strongly suggested that MK35 is a lipoprotein. Skin test assays demonstrated that MK35 elicited a strong response in guinea pigs sensitized with M. kansasii but did not read in M. tuberculosis-sensitized guinea pigs. These results further suggest that mycobacterial lipoproteins are immunogenic antigens that should be considered in the development of new mycobacterial vaccines and diagnostic reagents. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,MYCOBACTERIA LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiol.-UK PD OCT PY 1995 VL 141 BP 2705 EP 2712 PN 10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TB873 UT WOS:A1995TB87300044 PM 7582031 ER PT J AU DEPAOLA, A ROBERTS, MC AF DEPAOLA, A ROBERTS, MC TI CLASS-D AND CLASS-E TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS IN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM CATFISH PONDS SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE DNA PROBES; TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANT BACTERIA; CATFISH PONDS ID AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; R-PLASMIDS; CLONING; PROBE; GENE AB DNA probes were used to examine tetracycline-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (281 strains representing eight species) from catfish ponds. The isolates, which did not previously hybridize with the Tet A, B and C determinants, were examined for the presence of tetracycline-resistance Tet D and Tet E determinants. The distribution of the Tet D determinant ranged from 0 to 83%, depending on the bacterial species. Tet E was found only in 69% of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates. Eighteen per cent failed to hybridize with any of the five Tet determinants. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PATHOBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP DEPAOLA, A (reprint author), US FDA,GULF COAST SEAFOOD LAB,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24136] NR 21 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1995 VL 9 IS 5 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0890-8508(95)91572-9 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA RY750 UT WOS:A1995RY75000005 PM 8569770 ER PT J AU JACKSON, CD WEIS, C MILLER, BJ CROSS, DR WARBRITTON, AR JAMES, SJ AF JACKSON, CD WEIS, C MILLER, BJ CROSS, DR WARBRITTON, AR JAMES, SJ TI COMPARISON OF CELL-PROLIFERATION FOLLOWING PARTIAL-HEPATECTOMY IN RATS FED NIH-31 OR SEMIPURIFIED AIN-76A DIETS - EFFECTS OF NUCLEIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DIETARY NUCLEOTIDES; PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY; CELL PROLIFERATION; AIN-76A DIET ID MICE; CARCINOGENESIS; NUCLEOTIDES; LIVER AB Male Fischer 344 rats, were administered NIH-31, AIN-76A, or AIN-76A plus 0.25% yeast RNA diets for 3 weeks, partially hepatectomized (PH), and groups of 6 rats from each diet group were sacrificed at 0, 2, 7 and 14 days following PH. Liver weight, total DNA, total lipids, levels of thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances (TEARS), and levels of intracellular deoxyribonucleotides were determined. In addition, the number of hepatocytes in mitosis and/or positive for nuclear proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were determined. Liver regeneration, measured as liver weight or total liver DNA, was equal in the three diet groups and was essentially complete by the end of 14 days. However, there was a 53% reduction in the mitotic index and a two-fold increase in the ratio of proliferating cells (G1 + S + G2 cells) to mitoses at 48 hours in animals of the AIN-76A diet group compared to those fed NIH-31 diet, suggesting that the cells were arrested or delayed in S-phase. At the time of PH, liver deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) and deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) levels in the AIN-76A group were decreased 29% and 57%, respectively, compared to those of the NIH-31 group. Addition of yeast RNA to the AIN-76A diet partially prevented the decrease in mitosis and maintained deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTP) levels to those of the NIH-31 group. These results indicate that the lack of dietary nucleotides in semipurified diets can alter dNTP levels and have adverse effects on cell proliferation. Consideration should be given to supplementing purified diets with a dietary source of nucleotides. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP JACKSON, CD (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,3900 NCTR DR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1487 EP 1495 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(95)02021-M PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RV167 UT WOS:A1995RV16700009 ER PT J AU LEE, MJ LAI, JS CHENG, E FU, PP AF LEE, MJ LAI, JS CHENG, E FU, PP TI SYNTHESIS OF ACETOXYLATED AND HYDROXYLATED NITROBENZO[A]PYRENE AND NITROBENZO[E]PYRENE SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note ID MUTAGENICITY C1 PROVIDENCE UNIV,INST CHEM,TAICHUNG,TAIWAN. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 595 EP 600 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA RV600 UT WOS:A1995RV60000021 ER PT J AU VOGEL, SS BEUSHAUSEN, S LESTER, DS AF VOGEL, SS BEUSHAUSEN, S LESTER, DS TI APPLICATION OF A MEMBRANE-FUSION ASSAY FOR RAPID DRUG SCREENING SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DRUG SCREENING; SECRETION; TAMOXIFEN; TAXOL; SEA URCHIN ID SEA-URCHIN EGGS; CALCIUM-TRIGGERED FUSION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CORTICAL GRANULES; EXOCYTOSIS; TAXOL; INVITRO; VESICLES; PROTEINS; FERTILIZATION AB Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop an in vitro assay for screening drug and their effects on membrane fusion and lysis of intracellular organelles. Methods. A 96-well microtiter-dish turbidimetric assay using membrane components of the eggs of sea urchins, a marine invertebrate, was applied to monitor granule fusion and/or lysis: Results. Of 18 drugs screened, 16 had no effect. One antineoplastic drug, tamoxifen, disrupted intracellular membranes in a calcium independent manner. Taxol, another antineoplastic drug, specifically inhibited calcium triggered exocytosis. Conclusions. This assay is inexpensive, simple, rapid, and does not require the sacrifice of animal life. It has the potential to identify drugs that are membrane active, as well as those which specifically perturb events involved in the secretion process. C1 NINCDS,NEUROBIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV RES & TESTING,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP VOGEL, SS (reprint author), NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BLDG 10,RM 10D-09,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Vogel, Steven/A-3585-2012; OI Vogel, Steven/0000-0002-3005-2667 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1417 EP 1422 DI 10.1023/A:1016258615076 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RZ474 UT WOS:A1995RZ47400004 PM 8584473 ER PT J AU YAFFE, MJ HENDRICK, RE FEIG, SA ROTHENBERG, LN OCH, J GAGNE, R AF YAFFE, MJ HENDRICK, RE FEIG, SA ROTHENBERG, LN OCH, J GAGNE, R TI RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS FOR NEW MAMMOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT - REPORT OF THE ACR-CDC FOCUS GROUP ON MAMMOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREAST RADIOGRAPHY, QUALITY ASSURANCE; BREAST RADIOGRAPHY, TECHNOLOGY ID SCREEN-FILM MAMMOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; CONTRAST AB The American College of Radiology has published a report that describes desirable features for new mammography x-ray units that will contribute to high-quality imaging. It encompasses all aspects of x-ray equipment performance including mechanical considerations, the x-ray tube focal spot and spectrum, generator performance, collimation, scatter rejection, and the automatic exposure control. The report is intended to provide guidance to equipment manufacturers and to purchasers of mammography systems with regard to basic performance levels that should be expected. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DENVER,CO 80262. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT MED PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10021. ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP YAFFE, MJ (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,SUNNYBROOK HLTH SCI CTR,RM S-112 REICHMANN RES BLDG,2075 BAYVIEW AVE,N YORK,ON M4N 3M5,CANADA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 197 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RV899 UT WOS:A1995RV89900005 PM 7568821 ER PT J AU CADET, JL LADENHEIM, B HIRATA, H ROTHMAN, RB ALI, S CARLSON, E EPSTEIN, C MORAN, TH AF CADET, JL LADENHEIM, B HIRATA, H ROTHMAN, RB ALI, S CARLSON, E EPSTEIN, C MORAN, TH TI SUPEROXIDE RADICALS MEDIATE THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) - EVIDENCE FROM USING CUZN-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE TRANSGENIC MICE SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC MICE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; MDMA; NEUROTOXICITY; FREE RADICALS; DOPAMINE; STRIATUM; ECSTASY ID RAT-BRAIN; SEROTONIN TERMINALS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; NEUROTOXICITY; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; DOPAMINE; 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE; NEURODEGENERATION; GENERATION AB The subacute and long-term biochemical effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were assessed in homozygous and heterozygous transgenic (Tg) mice that carry the complete sequence of the human copper-zinc (CuZn) superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene. Non-transgenic (Non-Tg) mice showed significant decreased in striatal dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels both at 24 h and at 2 weeks after a single injection of MDMA (50 mg/kg). Heterozygous SOD-Tg mice showed DA depletion only at the 24 h time point. In contrast, homozygous SOD-Tg mice show no DA or DOPAC depletion at either the 24 h or at the 2 week time points. Moreover, three injections of MDMA. (50 mg/kg) given 24 h apart also caused marked reduction of striatal DA and DOPAC in Non-Tg mice when these substances were measured 2 weeks after the last MDMA injection. That injection schedule also caused small decreases in DA levels in the heterozygous animals but no changes in the homozygous mice; DOPAC levels were not affected in the heterozygous nor in the homozygous SOD-Tg mice. Furthermore, the multiple injection schedule caused significant decreases in DA and DOPAC in female Non-Tg mice but not in the two strains of transgenic mice. Neither the single dose nor the multiple dose schedule of MDMA injections affected striatal serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in any of the three strains of mice. These results support previous observations that MDMA-induced biochemical effects are observed in the DA systems of mice, whereas these effects are seen in the 5-HT systems of rats. The present observations also document for the first time a role for the production of superoxide radicals in these effects of MDMA. These mice are an important tool for dissecting pathways involved in drug-induced neurotoxicity. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,NEUROCHEM LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NIDA,INTRAMURAL RES PROGRAM,CLIN PSYCHOPHARMACOL SECT,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. RP CADET, JL (reprint author), NIDA,INTRAMURAL RES PROGRAM,MOLEC NEUROPSYCHIAT SECT,BALTIMORE,MD 21224, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-08938]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24605] NR 41 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD OCT PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1002/syn.890210210 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RX413 UT WOS:A1995RX41300009 PM 8584978 ER PT J AU HANSEN, DK DIAL, SL GRAFTON, TF AF HANSEN, DK DIAL, SL GRAFTON, TF TI LACK OF ATTENUATION OF VALPROIC ACID-INDUCED EMBRYOTOXICITY BY COMPOUNDS INVOLVED IN ONE-CARBON TRANSFER-REACTIONS SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Vertebrate Whole Embryo Culture CY DEC 01-02, 1994 CL MILAN, ITALY ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; CD-1 MOUSE FETUS; RAT EMBRYOS; FOLINIC ACID; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; SODIUM VALPROATE; INVITRO; TERATOGENICITY; ORGANOGENESIS AB Previous reports have indicated that valproic acid (VPA) is a developmental toxicant in vitro as well as in vivo, producing primarily neural tube defects. The mechanism for the drug's embryotoxic effects is unknown; however, work from our laboratory over the last few years has indicated that addition of various folate derivatives did not significantly decrease the incidence of VPA-induced neural tube defects. It is possible that some compound involved in one-carbon transfer reactions other than folate could protect against VPA embryotoxicity. We have examined the ability of L- or D-serine, sodium formate and L-methionine to decrease VPA-induced embryotoxicity. CD strain rat embryos were cultured for 48 hr beginning on day 9 of gestation. Each compound was examined for embryotoxicity, and a non-embryotoxic concentration was added to the culture medium 3 hr before the addition of 150 mu g VPA/ml. Neither L-serine (300 mu g/ml), D-serine (300 mu g/ml), sodium formate (600 mu g/ml) or L-methionine (1.12 mg/ml) were able to decrease VPA-induced developmental toxicity in vitro. The morphological scores of the embryos were not increased, nor was the frequency of embryos with open neural tubes decreased by treatment with any of these compounds. These data suggest that the mechanism for VPA-induced embryotoxicity does not involve compounds involved in one-carbon transfer reactions. RP HANSEN, DK (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD OCT PY 1995 VL 9 IS 5 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(95)91009-Q PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TC689 UT WOS:A1995TC68900007 PM 20650137 ER PT J AU Bronaugh, RL AF Bronaugh, RL TI Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIG; CUTANEOUS METABOLISM; HUMAN-SKIN; INVITRO; INVIVO; PENETRATION; XENOBIOTICS; EVAPORATION; RAT RP Bronaugh, RL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,TECH EDITING BRANCH HFS668,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.3109/15376519509084030 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TN365 UT WOS:A1995TN36500004 ER PT J AU Bronaugh, RL AF Bronaugh, RL TI Methods for in vitro skin metabolism studies SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIG; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION-METABOLISM; CUTANEOUS METABOLISM; INVITRO; XENOBIOTICS; MOUSE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; REDUCTION; RAT RP Bronaugh, RL (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,TECH EDITING BRANCH HFS668,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.3109/15376519509084031 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TN365 UT WOS:A1995TN36500005 ER PT J AU TAVARES, MA SILVAARAUJO, A SALGADOBORGES, J SIMON, A NGUYENLEGROS, J ALI, SF AF TAVARES, MA SILVAARAUJO, A SALGADOBORGES, J SIMON, A NGUYENLEGROS, J ALI, SF TI THE DOPAMPINERGIC CELLS OF THE RAT RETINA FOLLOWING PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO COCAINE - AN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL STUDY SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED SCH PORTO, INST ANAT, P-4100 OPORTO, PORTUGAL. UNIV PORTO, IBMC, OPORTO, 72079, PORTUGAL. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, JEFFERSON, AR USA. INSERM, U86, NEUROCYTOL OCULAIRE LAB, PARIS, FRANCE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 35 SU S BP 4142 EP 4142 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA RZ562 UT WOS:A1995RZ56200370 ER PT J AU HANSEN, EB CHO, BP KORFMACHER, WA CERNIGLIA, CE AF HANSEN, EB CHO, BP KORFMACHER, WA CERNIGLIA, CE TI FUNGAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF ANTIHISTAMINES - METABOLISM OF BROMPHENIRAMINE, CHLORPHENIRAMINE, AND PHENIRAMINE TO N-OXIDE AND N-DEMETHYLATED METABOLITES BY THE FUNGUS CUNNINGHAMELLA-ELEGANS SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID TERTIARY-AMINES; METHAPYRILENE; HYDROCHLORIDE AB 1. Two strains of the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans (ATCC 9245 and ATCC 36112) were screened for their ability to metabolize three alkylamine-type antihistamines; brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and pheniramine. 2. Based on the amount of parent drug recovered after 168 h of incubation, C. elegans ATCC 9245 metabolized 60, 45 and 29% of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and pheniramine added respectively. The results from strain ATCC 36112 were essentially identical to those of strain ATCC 9245. 3. The metabolic products of N-oxidation and N-demethylation were isolated by reversed-phase hplc and identified by analysing their mass and proton nmr spectra. For all three antihistamines, the mono-N-demethylated metabolite was produced in the greatest amounts. The chloro- and bromo-substituents appeared not to affect the route of metabolism but did influence the relative amounts of metabolites produced. 4. Circular dichroism spectra of the metabolites and the unmetabolized parent antihistamines showed each to be a racemic mixture of the (+) and (-) optical isomers. In addition, comparison of the metabolism of racemic chlorpheniramine to that of optically pure (+) chlorpheniramine showed no significant differences in the ratios of metabolites produced. There was therefore no metabolic stereoselectivity observed by the fungal enzymes. C1 US FDA,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV MICROBIOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP HANSEN, EB (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD OCT PY 1995 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1092 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TB430 UT WOS:A1995TB43000007 PM 8578764 ER PT J AU STEIN, W GORHAM, JR AF STEIN, W GORHAM, JR TI NEW RESULTS ABOUT STORED-PRODUCT PROTECTION (ANIMAL PESTS) .7. SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN UND PFLANZENSCHUTZ-JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE STORED-PRODUCT PROTECTION; ANIMAL PESTS; DAMAGE; FAUNA; FLIGHT AND DISPERSAL; COMPETITION; NUTRITION; DETECTION; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PHYSICAL CONTROL; CHEMICAL CONTROL; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ID TRUNCATUS HORN COL; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA F; PROSTEPHANUS-TRUNCATUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; POPULATION-GROWTH; RICE WEEVIL; PYRALIDAE; INSECTS C1 US FDA,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP STEIN, W (reprint author), UNIV GIESSEN,INST PHYTOPATHOL & ANGEW ZOOL VORRATSSCHUTZ,ALTER STEINBACHER WEG 44,D-35394 GIESSEN,GERMANY. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART 70 PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, W-7000 STUTTGART 70, GERMANY SN 0340-8159 J9 Z PFLANZENK PFLANZEN JI Z. Pflanzenk. Pflanzens.-J. Plant Dis. Prot. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 102 IS 5 BP 540 EP 557 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TG779 UT WOS:A1995TG77900014 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI CENTER FOR DRUGS INAUGURATES FAX-ON-DEMAND SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,FDA PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 12 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV734 UT WOS:A1995RV73400006 PM 7674512 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI ALPROSTADIL APPROVED AS IMPOTENCE TREATMENT SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,FDA PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 12 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV734 UT WOS:A1995RV73400004 PM 7674512 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, SL AF NIGHTINGALE, SL TI NEW SAFETY STANDARD FOR MEDICAL DEVICE WIRES PROPOSED SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP NIGHTINGALE, SL (reprint author), US OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,FDA PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 12 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV734 UT WOS:A1995RV73400005 PM 7674512 ER PT J AU DAVID, M PETRICOIN, E BENJAMIN, C PINE, R WEBER, MJ LARNER, AC AF DAVID, M PETRICOIN, E BENJAMIN, C PINE, R WEBER, MJ LARNER, AC TI REQUIREMENT FOR MAP KINASE (ERK2) ACTIVITY IN INTERFERON-ALPHA-STIMULATED AND INTERFERON-BETA-STIMULATED GENE-EXPRESSION THROUGH STAT PROTEINS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION; CELLS AB Activation of early response genes by interferons (IFNs) requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. It was found that the serine-threonine kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [specifically, the 42-kilodalton MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)] interacted with the alpha subunit of IFN-alpha/beta receptor in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of cells with IFN-beta induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAPK and caused MAPK and Stat1 alpha to coimmunoprecipitate. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative MAPK inhibited IFN-beta-induced transcription. Therefore, MAPK appears to regulate IFN-alpha and IFN-beta activation of early response genes by modifying the Jak-STAT signaling cascade. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BIOGEN INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. PUBL HLTH RES INST,NEW YORK,NY 10016. UNIV VIRGINIA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. UNIV VIRGINIA,SCH MED,CTR CANC,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47332] NR 16 TC 499 Z9 506 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 22 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5231 BP 1721 EP 1723 DI 10.1126/science.7569900 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RV948 UT WOS:A1995RV94800038 PM 7569900 ER PT J AU GARGIULO, D MUSSER, SS YANG, LH FUKUYAMA, T TOMASZ, M AF GARGIULO, D MUSSER, SS YANG, LH FUKUYAMA, T TOMASZ, M TI ALKYLATION AND CROSS-LINKING OF DNA BY THE UNNATURAL ENANTIOMER OF MITOMYCIN-C - MECHANISM OF THE DNA-SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY OF MITOMYCINS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE RESOLUTION; ANTHRAMYCIN-D(ATGCAT)2 ADDUCT; MINOR GROOVE; RECOGNITION; NMR; ANALOGS; DUPLEX; STEREOCHEMISTRY; CONFORMATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The unnatural enantiomer (ent) of the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C (MC) forms both a mono- and a bisguanine adduct in DNA upon reductive activation, with the bisadduct constituting DNA interstrand cross-links. The structures of the two adducts were rigorously determined using less than 1 mg of available material. The adducts are diastereomers of the known major guanine adducts of natural MC: the 2 ''-NH2 group is in the alpha- instead of the beta-configuration while the chirality of the 1 ''-linkage to DNA guanine is cc, as with natural MC. The extent of DNA adduct formation was 20-50% of that of MC. Enzymatic reductive activation of both MC and ent-MC by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase proceeded at equal rates. Both the monoalkylation and the cross-linking reactions of ent-MC exhibited DNA-sequence selectivity for the CpG sequence in analogy to that by natural MC. This finding indicates that at this sequence activated MC and ent-MC both assume preferentially the ''carbamate upstream'' orientation along the DNA minor groove with respect to the target guanine, which exposes the prochiral C1 ''-center of these drugs to a alpha-stereofacial aback by DNA guanine N-2. The results also reinforce the earlier proposal that prior to the covalent step a simple, common structural element, i.e., the 10 ''-carbamate group, recognizes the CpG sequence by formation of a specific H-bond, and this enhances the rate of alkylation of the guanine at the CpG site. It is proposed that the fit of the 1 '',2 ''-cis-substituted adducts resulting from ent-MC in the minor groove is not as favorable as that of the 1 '',2 ''-trans-adducts of natural MC, and that this is the reason for the observed lower reactivity of ent-MC with DNA, as compared with MC. This lower reactivity to form DNA adducts may be the basis for the slightly (approximately 50%) lower cytotoxicity of ent-MC than of MC to tumor cells. C1 CUNY HUNTER COLL,DEPT CHEM,NEW YORK,NY 10021. US FDA,INSTRUMENTAT & BIOPHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RICE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77005. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 20 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 37 BP 9388 EP 9398 DI 10.1021/ja00142a002 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RW496 UT WOS:A1995RW49600002 ER PT J AU CROUCH, RC MARTIN, GE MUSSER, SM GRENADE, HR DICKEY, RW AF CROUCH, RC MARTIN, GE MUSSER, SM GRENADE, HR DICKEY, RW TI IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SENSITIVITY OF INVERSE-DETECTED HETERONUCLEAR CORRELATION SPECTRA USING MICRO INVERSE PROBES AND MICRO CELLS - HMQC AND HMBC SPECTRA OF CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXIN - PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL INFERENCES SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NMR; ASSIGNMENTS AB Cignatoxins are extremely potent activators of voltage-dependent sodium channels and elicit gastrointestinal and neurologic dysfunction in humans. Because they are present only at extremely low levels, the acquisition of heteronuclear shift correlation nmr spectra has been very difficult Inverse-detected heteronuclear shift correlation experiments (HMQC and HMBC) have greatly increased sensitivity relative to older, heteronuclide-detected experiments. The use of micro inverse-detection probes has afforded a further dramatic increase in sensitivity relative to conventional 5 mm probe technology. Micro inverse-detection probes employed in conjunction with Shigemi micro nmr cells are shown to afford a further significant improvement in sensitivity which was necessary to acquire spectra on a sample of <0.1 mu mole of Caribbean ciguatoxin. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,INSTRUMENTAT & BIOPHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. GULF COAST SEAFOOD LAB,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528. RP CROUCH, RC (reprint author), BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 1995 VL 36 IS 38 BP 6827 EP 6830 DI 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01386-V PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA RV684 UT WOS:A1995RV68400008 ER PT J AU RHEINSTEIN, PH MCGINNIS, TJ AF RHEINSTEIN, PH MCGINNIS, TJ TI CHILDREN AND TOBACCO - THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION PROPOSAL SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP RHEINSTEIN, PH (reprint author), US FDA,MED STAFF,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1205 EP 1208 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV802 UT WOS:A1995RV80200017 PM 7668208 ER PT J AU ROGERS, MS PATEL, RP REEDER, BJ SARTI, P WILSON, MT ALAYASH, AI AF ROGERS, MS PATEL, RP REEDER, BJ SARTI, P WILSON, MT ALAYASH, AI TI PROOXIDANT EFFECTS OF CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBINS EXPLORED USING LIPOSOME AND CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE VESICLE MODEL MEMBRANES SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; RESPIRATORY CONTROL; PEROXIDATION; MECHANISM; PROTEINS AB The therapeutic use of cell-free haemoglobin as a blood substitute has been hampered by toxicological effects. A model asolectin (phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine) liposome system was utilized to study the pro-oxidant efficiency of several chemically modified haemoglobins on biological membranes. Lipid peroxidation, resulting from the interactions between haemoglobin and liposomes, was measured by conjugated diene formation and the maximal rates of oxygen uptake. Spectral changes gave insight into the occurrence of the ferryl iron species. The residual reactivity of oxidatively damaged haemoglobins with ligands during incubation with liposomes was assessed from rapid kinetic carbon monoxide-binding experiments. Liposomes in which cytochrome c oxidase was embedded show both haemoglobin and the enzyme to be oxidatively damaged during incubation. The functional state of cytochrome c oxidase was monitored in the presence and absence of a free radical scavenger. Once in contact, both unmodified and modified haemoglobins triggered and maintained severe radical-mediated membrane damage. Differences in the pro-oxidant activities among haemoglobins may be explained by either the differential population of their ferryl intermediates or disparate dimerization and transfer of haem into the membrane with subsequent haem degradation. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular determinants of haemoglobin interactions with a variety of biological membranes. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20815. UNIV ESSEX,DEPT CHEM & BIOL CHEM,COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ,ESSEX,ENGLAND. CNR,CTR MOLEC BIOL,ROME,ITALY. UNIV CAGLIARI,INST BIOL CHEM,CAGLIARI,ITALY. RI Sarti, Paolo/D-2946-2009 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 310 BP 827 EP 833 PN 3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RW147 UT WOS:A1995RW14700013 PM 7575415 ER PT J AU NORMANNO, N SELVAM, MP BIANCO, C DAMIANO, V DEANGELIS, E GRASSI, M MAGLIULO, G TORTORA, G SALOMON, DS CIARDIELLO, F AF NORMANNO, N SELVAM, MP BIANCO, C DAMIANO, V DEANGELIS, E GRASSI, M MAGLIULO, G TORTORA, G SALOMON, DS CIARDIELLO, F TI AMPHIREGULIN ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES INHIBIT GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION OF A HUMAN COLON-CARCINOMA CELL-LINE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-ALPHA; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB Amphiregulin (AR) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor that is structurally and functionally related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha). GEO cells are from a human colon cancer cell line that expresses high levels of AR protein and mRNA. To assess the role of AR in colon-cancer cell proliferation and transformation, 2 different anti-sense 20-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AR AS-1 and AR AS-2 S-oligos) complementary to the 5' sequence of AR mRNA were synthesized. Both AR AS S-oligos were able to inhibit the anchorage-dependent growth (ADG) of GEO cells. The 2 AR AS S-oligos were equipotent when used in equimolar concentrations. In particular, a 40% growth inhibition was observed at a concentration of 10 mu M, while a mis-sense S-oligo used as control had no effect on GEO cell growth. The AR AS-1 S-oligo used at the same concentration also inhibited by 40% the H-3-thymidine incorporation by DNA of GEO cells. The anchorage-independent growth (AIG) of GEO cells was even more significantly affected by AR AS S-oligo treatment. In fact, up to 80% inhibition of the AIG of GEO cells was observed when cells were treated with 10 mu M of both AR AS S-oligos. Finally, the AR AS S-oligos were able to specifically inhibit AR protein expression in GEO cells, as assessed by immunocytochemistry. These data suggest that AR is involved in colon-cancer cell transformation, and that AR may represent a suitable target for gene therapy in human colon carcinomas. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US FDA,CBER,DTS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV NAPLES FEDERICO II,FAC MED & CHIRURG,DIPARTIMENTO ENDOCRINOL & ONCOL MOLEC & CLIN,I-80131 NAPLES,ITALY. NCI,TUMOR IMMUNOL & BIOL LAB,TUMOR GROWTH FACTORS SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP NORMANNO, N (reprint author), IST TUMORI NAPOLI FDN PASCALE,VIA MARINO SEMMOLA,I-80131 NAPLES,ITALY. OI Ciardiello, Fortunato/0000-0002-3369-4841; Normanno, Nicola/0000-0002-7158-2605 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 62 IS 6 BP 762 EP 766 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910620619 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RW730 UT WOS:A1995RW73000018 PM 7558427 ER PT J AU DOMANSKI, P WITTE, M KELLUM, M RUBINSTEIN, M HACKETT, R PITHA, P COLAMONICI, OR AF DOMANSKI, P WITTE, M KELLUM, M RUBINSTEIN, M HACKETT, R PITHA, P COLAMONICI, OR TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF A LONG FORM OF THE BETA-SUBUNIT OF THE INTERFERON ALPHA-BETA RECEPTOR THAT IS REQUIRED FOR SIGNALING SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; CELLS AB The interferon alpha beta receptor (IFN alpha R) or type I IFN-R is formed by a 110-kDa alpha subunit or IFNAR and by a beta subunit, which has short and long forms (molecular masses of 55 and 95-100 kDa, respectively). In this report, we demonstrate that the IFN alpha/beta R cDNA recently cloned corresponds to the 55-kDa or short form of the beta subunit, while the 95-100-kDa species reported here corresponds to a longer form of the IFN alpha/beta R cDNA that is probably produced by alternative splicing of the same gene. Stable transfection of the alpha subunit with either form of the beta subunit results in the expression of low and high affinity receptors, while expression of either form of the beta subunit alone only produces low affinity receptors. More important, only expression of the alpha and long form of the human beta subunits in mouse L-929 cells reconstitutes the activation of the Jak kinases and the Stat factors, as well as the antiviral response to human type I IFNs. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PATHOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT MOLEC GENET & VIROL,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55079] NR 23 TC 217 Z9 220 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 37 BP 21606 EP 21611 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RU757 UT WOS:A1995RU75700030 PM 7665574 ER PT J AU FELLER, SE ZHANG, YH PASTOR, RW BROOKS, BR AF FELLER, SE ZHANG, YH PASTOR, RW BROOKS, BR TI CONSTANT-PRESSURE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION - THE LANGEVIN PISTON METHOD SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A new method for performing molecular dynamics simulations under constant pressure is presented. In the method, which is based on the extended system formalism introduced by Andersen, the deterministic equations of motion for the piston degree of freedom are replaced by a Langevin equation; a suitable choice of collision frequency then eliminates the unphysical ''ringing'' of the volume associated with the piston mass. In this way it is similar to the ''weak coupling algorithm'' developed by Berendsen and co-workers to perform molecular dynamics simulation without piston mass effects. It is shown, however, that the weak coupling algorithm induces artifacts into the simulation which can be quite severe for inhomogeneous systems such as aqueous biopolymers or liquid/liquid interfaces. C1 NIH,DIV COMP RES & TECHNOL,STRUCT BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FELLER, SE (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BIOPHYS LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 22 TC 1789 Z9 1799 U1 13 U2 138 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 11 BP 4613 EP 4621 DI 10.1063/1.470648 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA RU110 UT WOS:A1995RU11000023 ER PT J AU MILLS, FC MITCHELL, MP HARINDRANATH, N MAX, EE AF MILLS, FC MITCHELL, MP HARINDRANATH, N MAX, EE TI HUMAN IG S-GAMMA REGIONS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN SEQUENTIAL SWITCHING TO IGE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN; HUMAN B-CELLS; GERM-LINE TRANSCRIPTS; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-B; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CIRCULAR DNA; RECOMBINATION BREAKPOINTS; C-EPSILON; GENES; EXPRESSION AB The Ig isotype switch from IgM to IgE is accompanied by a DNA recombination that joins S mu, the highly repetitive ''switch'' region upstream of the C mu gene, to the S epsilon region upstream of C epsilon, thereby creating a composite S mu-S epsilon region. In human B cells cultured in vitro with IL-4 to promote the switch to IgE, we previously described evidence for S mu-S gamma-S epsilon structures, suggesting that some B cells can switch sequentially from mu to gamma and then to epsilon; similar sequential switching to epsilon occurs routinely in the mouse. To identify which of the four human gamma genes might be involved in this mu-gamma-epsilon switching pathway, we cloned and analyzed nine S mu-S gamma-S epsilon composite switch regions and studied S epsilon-S gamma junctions from reciprocal deletion circles. Since only the S gamma 4 sequence had previously been described, our investigation required determination of the germline S gamma 1, S gamma 2, and S gamma 3 sequences. This analysis showed that S gamma 1 is the longest and most highly repetitive switch region, including nearly identical 79-bp repeats partially homologous to the 49-bp repeat of murine S gamma sequences. Of nine cloned chromosomal S mu-S gamma-S epsilon junctions, seven were derived from S gamma 1, and one each from S gamma 3 and S gamma 4 (both of which were in inverted orientation). Analysis of reciprocal S epsilon-S gamma junctions demonstrated contributions of S gamma 1, S gamma 2, and S gamma 4. Thus, all four of the human gamma loci can participate in sequential switching to IgE, arguing against a model of directed switching from a specific subtype, such as was proposed in the murine system. RP MILLS, FC (reprint author), US FDA,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 6 BP 3021 EP 3036 PG 16 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA RU050 UT WOS:A1995RU05000026 PM 7673720 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, JA BACON, CM FINBLOOM, DS REES, RC KAPLAN, D SHIBUYA, K ORTALDO, JR GUPTA, S CHEN, YQ GIRI, JD OSHEA, JJ AF JOHNSTON, JA BACON, CM FINBLOOM, DS REES, RC KAPLAN, D SHIBUYA, K ORTALDO, JR GUPTA, S CHEN, YQ GIRI, JD OSHEA, JJ TI TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION AND ACTIVATION OF STAT5, STAT3, AND JANUS KINASES BY INTERLEUKIN-2 AND INTERLEUKIN-15 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR GAMMA-CHAIN; INTERFERON; PATHWAYS; ELEMENTS AB The cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-15 have similar biological effects on T cells and bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits. Pathways that involve Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) have been shown to be important for hematopoietin receptor signaling. In this study we identify the STAT proteins activated by IL-2 and IL-15 in human T cells. IL-2 and IL-15 rapidly induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, and DNA-binding complexes containing STAT3 and STAT5 were rapidly activated by these cytokines in T cells. IL 4 induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 but not STATS. JAK1 and JAK3 were tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to IL-2 and IL-15. Hence, the JAK and STAT molecules that are activated in response to IL-2 and IL-15 are similar but differ from those induced by IL-4. These observations identify the STAT proteins activated by IL-2 and IL-15 and therefore define signaling pathways by which these T-cell growth factors may regulate gene transcription. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,DIV CANC TREATMENT,BIOL RESPONSE MODIFIERS PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ADV BIOSCI LABS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. IMMUNEX RES & DEV CORP,SEATTLE,WA 98101. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV SHEFFIELD,SCH MED,INST CANC STUDIES,SHEFFIELD S10 2RX,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP JOHNSTON, JA (reprint author), NIAMSD,ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM BRANCH,LYMPHOCYTE CELL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 38 TC 262 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 12 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 19 BP 8705 EP 8709 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8705 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RU759 UT WOS:A1995RU75900035 PM 7568001 ER PT J AU SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M CABALLERO, E AGUILERA, A CILLA, G ESPANOL, ILYG AF SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M CABALLERO, E AGUILERA, A CILLA, G ESPANOL, ILYG TI HIV-2 INFECTION IN SPAIN - ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST 50 CASES SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIGH-RISK INDIVIDUALS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; WEST-AFRICA; TYPE-2 INFECTION; INDETERMINATE SERA; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is endemic in West Africa where it is responsible for many AIDS cases. HIV-P has been described in subjects in other countries, mainly in African immigrants, although it may also be found in natives. The first cases of HIV-2 infection were identified in Spain in 1988. METHODS: The clinical, epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of the subjects with HIV-2 infection identified in Spain up to November 1994 are described. RESULTS: Fifty people have been diagnosed with HIV-2 infection, being found mainly around the large urban centers (20 cases in Madrid and 16 in Barcelona), All the cases were African immigrants except for 10 Spaniards (20%), 6 of whom had acquired the infection in endemic areas while the other 4 (one prostitute from Barcelona and 3 bisexual males from Guipuzcoa) had adquired the infection in Spain. Heterosexual transmission was implicated in all the cases except in 6 subjects (4 bisexual males, one case of probable intravenous transmission and one vertically infected child). Eight (all Spanish) patients have developed AIDS and 5 have died to date, At least 10 other subjects have a CD4+ lymphocyte count lower than 0.2 x 10(9)/l, one being the only pediatric patient (6-year-old male). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-2 infection is present in Spain, although there is no evidence for a rapid dissemination of the virus outside the collective of African immigrants. The Spaniards with HIV-2 infection represent 20% of the cases having contracted the virus through sexual relations with natives from endemic areas. C1 UNIV VALENCIA, GEN HOSP, E-46100 VALENCIA, SPAIN. UNIV VALLADOLID, HOSP CLIN, VALLADOLID, SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA, HOSP GERMANS TRIAS & PUJOL, BADALONA, SPAIN. HOSP JUAN RAMAON JIMENEZ, HUELVA, SPAIN. UNIV SEVILLE, HOSP VIRGEN ROCIO, SEVILLE, SPAIN. HOSP LA PAZ, MADRID, SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA, HOSP GEN VALLE HEBRON, BARCELONA, SPAIN. HOSP XERAL VIGO, SANTIAGO, SPAIN. CTR SANIT SANDOVAL, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP INSULAR, LAS PALMAS, SPAIN. HOSP MUNICIPAL, VIGO, SPAIN. US FDA, DIV TRANSFUS MED, BETHESDA, MD 20014 USA. HOSP VIRGEN ARANZAZU, SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN. HOSP MIXOEIRO, VIGO, SPAIN. CONSORCI HOSP, MATARO, SPAIN. INST SALUD CARLOS 3, CTR INVEST CLIN, MADRID, SPAIN. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER DOYMA SL PI BARCELONA PA TRAVESERA DE GARCIA, 17-21, BARCELONA, 08021, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 EI 1578-8989 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD SEP 9 PY 1995 VL 105 IS 7 BP 241 EP 245 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU579 UT WOS:A1995RU57900001 PM 7475463 ER PT J AU SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M VALLEJO, A AGUILERA, A CALDERON, E ESPANOL, EFYG AF SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M VALLEJO, A AGUILERA, A CALDERON, E ESPANOL, EFYG TI HTLV-I INFECTION IN SPAIN - ANALYSIS OF 24 CASES IDENTIFIED UP TO NOVEMBER 1994 SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; STATES BLOOD-DONORS; RETROVIRUS INFECTION; SCREENING ASSAYS; DRUG-ABUSERS; ANTIBODIES; I/II; TRANSFUSION AB BACKGROUND: HTLV-I is a human retrovirus which has been implicated in the genesis of tropical spastic paraparesia (TSP), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and some patiens with uveitis, subacute arthropathies and lymphocytary alveolitis. The virus is endemic in some zones of the Caribbean countries, Japan, subsaharian Africa, Middle East and Melanesia. Given that HTLV-I is transmitted by similar routes as HIV, anti-HTLV-l antibody screening is carried out in blood donors in same countries. METHODS: The clinical, epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of the patients with HTLV-I infection identified in Spain up to November 1994 are described. RESULTS: Twenty-four Spanish residents have been identified with HTLV-I infection including 16 Spaniards and 8 immigrants from endemic areas. Thirteen (53%) are males and 11 (47%) females. Most of the persons horn in Spain (12/16; 75%) have lived in endemic areas or have maintained sexual relations with natives of them. Four patients were diagnosed with TSP, three with ATL and another with lymphomatoid granulomatosis and angiocentric T-cell lymphoma. The remaining patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Two HTLV-I carriers were identified on blood donation. CONCLUSIONS: HTLV-I infection is present in Spain being found in Spanish natives and, to a lesser degree, in immigrants from endemic areas. It is therefore recommendable to analyze the cost-benefit of anti-HTLV-l screening in blood donors. C1 UNIV VALLADOLID, HOSP CLIN, VALLADOLID, SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA, HOSP GERMANS TRIAS & PUJOL, BADALONA, SPAIN. UNIV BASQUE COUNTRY, FAC MED, BILBAO, SPAIN. HOSP JUAN RAMON JIMENEZ, HUELVA, SPAIN. UNIV SEVILLE, HOSP VIRGEN ROCIO, SEVILLE, SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA, GEN HOSP, E-46100 VALENCIA, SPAIN. HOSP LA PAZ, MADRID, SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA, HOSP GEN VALLE HEBRON, BARCELONA, SPAIN. HOSP GEN GREGORIO MARANON, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP CALELLA, CALELLA, SPAIN. HOSP PENITENCIARIO, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP XERAL VIGO, SANTIAGO, SPAIN. UNIV CADIZ, HOSP PUERTO REAL, CADIZ, SPAIN. CTR SANIT SANDOVAL, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP INSULAR, LAS PALMAS, SPAIN. HOSP JUAN CANALEJO, LA CORUNA, SPAIN. HOSP MUNICIPAL, VIGO, SPAIN. US FDA, DIV TRANSFUS SCI, BETHESDA, MD 20014 USA. HOSP N SRA ARANZAZU, SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN. HOSP CABUENAS, GIJON, SPAIN. CTR TRANSFUS, MALLORCA, SPAIN. HOSP DOCE OCTUBRE, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP SANTA CRUZ & SAN PABLO, BARCELONA, SPAIN. CTR TRANSFUS GALDACANO, VIZCAYA, SPAIN. INST SALUD CARLOS 3, CTR INVEST CLIN, MADRID, SPAIN. RI Vallejo, Alejandro/I-5881-2015; IBIS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA/O-8791-2015 OI Vallejo, Alejandro/0000-0001-5360-878X; NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER DOYMA SL PI BARCELONA PA TRAVESERA DE GARCIA, 17-21, BARCELONA, 08021, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD SEP 9 PY 1995 VL 105 IS 7 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU579 UT WOS:A1995RU57900002 PM 7475464 ER PT J AU SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M VALLEJO, A TUSET, C DRONDA, F ESPANOL, EPYG AF SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M VALLEJO, A TUSET, C DRONDA, F ESPANOL, EPYG TI HTLV-II INFECTION IN SPAIN - ANALYSIS OF 113 CASES IDENTIFIED UP TO NOVEMBER 1994 SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article ID HIGH-RISK GROUPS; VIRUS TYPE-II; CELL LEUKEMIA; NORTHERN SPAIN; PREVALENCE; PATIENT; ABSENCE; VIZCAYA; HIV-1; I/II AB BACKGROUND: HTLV-II is a human retrovirus considered to be responsible for the genesis of some lymphoproliferative and neurologic syndromes. The virus is endemic in some Amerindian and African tribes as well as amongts injecting drug addicts (IDA) in North America and Europe. METHODS: The clinical, epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of the patients with HTLV-II infection identified in Spain up to November 1994 are described. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen subjects have been identified with HTLV-II infection in Spain with 4 being African immigrants residing in Madrid and the remaining being IDA from other European countries. Most were males (94/113; 83%). Art were IDA except six (5 had acquired the infection by sexual contact and one by blood transfusion). Most of the IDA infected with HTLV-II were coinfected with HIV-I (93/113; 83%). No patient showed clinical manifestations attributable to HTLV-II infection although one drug addict male coinfected with HIV-1 and HTLV-II developed a non-inflammatory proximal myopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Infection by HTLV-II is present in Spain and affects with preference to injecting drug addicts, It has been shown to be of growing incidence with a current global prevalence of 2% in IDA. C1 UNIV VALLADOLID, HOSP CLIN, VALLADOLID, SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA, HOSP GERMANS TRIAS & PUJOL, BADALONA, SPAIN. UNIV BASQUE COUNTRY, FAC MED, BILBAO, SPAIN. HOSP JUAN RAMON JIMENEZ, HUELVA, SPAIN. UNIV SEVILLE, HOSP VIRGEN ROCIO, SEVILLE, SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA, GEN HOSP, E-46100 VALENCIA, SPAIN. HOSP LA PAZ, MADRID, SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA, HOSP GEN VALLE HEBRON, BARCELONA, SPAIN. HOSP GEN GREGORIO MARANON, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP CALELLA, BARCELONA, SPAIN. HOSP PENITENCIARIO, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP XERAL VIGO, SANTIAGO, CHILE. UNIV CADIZ, HOSP PUERTO REAL, CADIZ, SPAIN. CTR SANIT SANDOVAL, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP INSULAR, LAS PALMAS, SPAIN. HOSP JUAN CANALEJO, LA CORUNA, SPAIN. HOSP MUNICIPAL, VIGO, SPAIN. US FDA, DIV TRANSFUS SCI, BETHESDA, MD 20014 USA. HOSP VIRGEN ARANZAZU, SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN. HOSP CABUENAS, GIJON, SPAIN. INST SALUD CARLOS 3, CTR INVEST CLIN, MADRID, SPAIN. RI Vallejo, Alejandro/I-5881-2015 OI Vallejo, Alejandro/0000-0001-5360-878X NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER DOYMA SL PI BARCELONA PA TRAVESERA DE GARCIA, 17-21, BARCELONA, 08021, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD SEP 9 PY 1995 VL 105 IS 7 BP 251 EP 254 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU579 UT WOS:A1995RU57900003 PM 7475465 ER PT J AU HACKETT, RH WANG, YD LARNER, AC AF HACKETT, RH WANG, YD LARNER, AC TI MAPPING OF THE CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN OF THE HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR REQUIRED FOR THE ACTIVATION OF JAK2 AND STAT PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; DNA-BINDING FACTOR; TYROSINE KINASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INTERFERON-ALPHA/BETA; CYTOKINE RECEPTORS; INVITRO ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHATASE; PROMOTER AB Incubation of cells with growth hormone (GH) stimulates both tyrosine phosphorylation of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase and, in some cells, the transcription factor Stat1 alpha (1-4). When the promyeloid cell line FDC-P1 is transfected with the human growth hormone receptor, these cells can grow in the presence of GH and in the absence of interleukin-3. Growth hormone treatment of cells expressing the human growth hormone receptor did not activate Stat1 alpha. However, a complex is present in extracts prepared from growth hormone treated cells that binds to the gamma response region, an enhancer present in the promoter of the high affinity Fc gamma R1 receptor to which cytokine-activated Stat complexes bind. When truncations of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor are expressed in FDC-P1 cells only the membrane-proximal 80 amino acids (containing box 1 and box 2) are required for activation of both a GH-stimulated binding activity (GHSF) and tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2. Activation of GHSF can be inhibited in a cell-free system by the addition of a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing these SO amino acids. Replacement of the one tyrosine in this region of the receptor with a phenylalanine does not alter the activation of either GHSF or Jak2, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor is not required for GH activation of GHSF. Moreover, a cell line expressing a receptor with only the 54 membrane-proximal amino acids of the intracellular domain (including box 1) shows constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated Jak2 as well as GHSF binding. With this truncated receptor, there is little if any additional GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 or induced binding to the gamma response region. These results define the importance of the membrane-proximal 80 amino acids of the GH receptor (with the conserved box 1 and box 2 domains) with regard to GH activation of both Jak2 and Stat(s). They also suggest that within these domains there may be positive and negative elements that regulate Jak2 function. C1 CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CYTOKINE BIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GENENTECH INC,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,S SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94080. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 8 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 36 BP 21326 EP 21330 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RU054 UT WOS:A1995RU05400070 PM 7673169 ER PT J AU ASZALOS, A PINE, PS PANDEY, R GOTTESMAN, MM AF ASZALOS, A PINE, PS PANDEY, R GOTTESMAN, MM TI BEHAVIOR OF N-ACYLATED DAUNORUBICINS IN MDR1 GENE TRANSFECTED AND PARENTAL CELLS SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Note DE MULTIDRUG RESISTANT CANCER CELLS; N-ACYL-DAUNORUBICINS; CELL PROLIFERATION; FLUORESCENCE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY ID EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT CELLS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; TRANSPORTER; DOXORUBICIN AB The substrate specificity of the P-glycoprotein (P-170), a multidrug transporter, was studied using N-acylated daunorubicin derivatives and four MDR1 cDNA transfected cell lines. Results showed that N-acetyl-daunorubicin is a substrate, but the longer fatty acid derivatives, N-octanoyl and N-dodecanoyl daunorubicins, are not. This conclusion was reached by flow cytometric drug uptake assay, cell proliferation assays, and confocal microscopy. It was concluded that the longer fatty acid derivatives interact with plasma membranes in a way that affected P-glycoprotein function. C1 XECHEM INC,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ. NCI,CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP ASZALOS, A (reprint author), US FDA,DIV RES & TESTING,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD SEP 7 PY 1995 VL 50 IS 6 BP 889 EP 892 DI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00209-I PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RW999 UT WOS:A1995RW99900022 PM 7575653 ER PT J AU HAMMONS, GJ WARREN, GJ BLANN, E NICHOLS, J LYNCOOK, BD AF HAMMONS, GJ WARREN, GJ BLANN, E NICHOLS, J LYNCOOK, BD TI INCREASED DT-DIAPHORASE ACTIVITY IN TRANSFORMED AND TUMORIGENIC PANCREATIC ACINAR-CELLS SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DT-DIAPHORASE; PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS; TRANSFORMATION ID PERSISTENT HEPATOCYTE NODULES; MOUSE-LIVER TUMORS; D-T DIAPHORASE; RAT-LIVER; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; MESSENGER-RNA; CANCER; EXPRESSION; DIET; DEHYDROGENATION AB Pancreatic acinar cells from rats treated in vitro with 5-azacytidine and/or transfected with an activated c-H-ras demonstrated transformation and tumorigenic phenotypes. DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase) activity was determined in these non-tumorigenic (3AP) and tumorigenic cells (T3AP and T5AM). T5AM cells were those treated with 5-azacytidine and further treated with N'-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine. Higher levels of enzyme activity were found in transformed cells when compared to that in control cells (>15-fold, 3AP cells; >40-fold, T3AP cells; >20-fold T5AM cells). In contrast, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was decreased in transformed cells (>10-fold, 3AP cells; >20-fold, T3AP cells; >10-fold, T5AM cells). These studies demonstrated that pancreatic acinar cells are capable of undergoing alterations in enzyme activity patterns when transformed and that DT-diaphorase may be a good marker for malignant transformation. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP HAMMONS, GJ (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,RES OFF,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(95)03911-F PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RX300 UT WOS:A1995RX30000002 PM 7553613 ER PT J AU GARCES, C LABORDA, J AF GARCES, C LABORDA, J TI SINGLE-STEP, LIGASE-FREE CLONING OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS INTO ANY RESTRICTION SITE OF ANY DNA PLASMID SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID REACTION PCR PRODUCTS C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,IMMUNOBIOL LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RI Laborda, Jorge/L-5726-2014 OI Laborda, Jorge/0000-0002-9210-838X NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 230 IS 1 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1006/abio.1995.1454 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RT930 UT WOS:A1995RT93000027 PM 8585616 ER PT J AU CAIRNS, T BALDWIN, RA AF CAIRNS, T BALDWIN, RA TI PESTICIDE ANALYSIS IN FOOD BY MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE LEVEL RESIDUES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; EVOLVING CRITERIA; CONFIRMATION; DIMETHOATE; DRUGS C1 US FDA,CTR MASS SPECTROMETRY,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,LOS ANGELES,CA. US FDA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,DIV FIELD SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 17 BP A552 EP A557 DI 10.1021/ac00113a002 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RR260 UT WOS:A1995RR26000006 PM 8779425 ER PT J AU COTE, CJ ALDERFER, RJ NOTTERMAN, DA FANTA, KB AF COTE, CJ ALDERFER, RJ NOTTERMAN, DA FANTA, KB TI SEDATION DISASTERS - ADVERSE DRUG REPORTS IN PEDIATRICS - FDA, UPS, AND OTHERS SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,EVANSTON,IL 60208. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT CRIT CARE,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 2 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 83 IS 3A SU S BP A1183 EP A1183 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA RX685 UT WOS:A1995RX68501183 ER PT J AU BURKHART, GA AF BURKHART, GA TI ASPIRIN AND COLORECTAL-CANCER SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP BURKHART, GA (reprint author), US FDA,CDER,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 390 EP 391 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RQ988 UT WOS:A1995RQ98800013 PM 7625631 ER PT J AU DEPAOLA, A PELLER, JT RODRICK, GE AF DEPAOLA, A PELLER, JT RODRICK, GE TI EFFECT OF OXYTETRACYCLINE-MEDICATED FEED ON ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN CATFISH PONDS (VOL 61, PG 2338, 1995) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP DEPAOLA, A (reprint author), US FDA,GULF COAST SEAFOOD LAB,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3513 EP 3513 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RT798 UT WOS:A1995RT79800057 PM 16535137 ER PT J AU KRIEG, AM YE, AK CONOVER, J KLINMAN, DM AF KRIEG, AM YE, AK CONOVER, J KLINMAN, DM TI CPG MOTIFS IN BACTERIAL-DNA RAPIDLY INDUCE B-CELL, T-CELL, AND NATURAL-KILLER-CELL CYTOKINE PRODUCTION SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. US FDA,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400271 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, D PHILLIPS, G BAEK, K PETRI, M AF GOLDMAN, D PHILLIPS, G BAEK, K PETRI, M TI BINDING OF SLE ANTIBODIES TO APOPTOTIC ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 367 EP 367 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400367 ER PT J AU PETRI, M CHAN, D MAGDER, L GOLDMAN, D AF PETRI, M CHAN, D MAGDER, L GOLDMAN, D TI LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF PROLACTIN AND DISEASE-ACTIVITY IN SLE PREGNANCY SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400403 ER PT J AU PETRI, M MILLER, J EBERT, RF GOLDMAN, D AF PETRI, M MILLER, J EBERT, RF GOLDMAN, D TI LIPOPROTEIN A [LP(A)] IS PREDICTIVE OF MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION IN SLE SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. INSTRUMENTAT LABS,LEXINGTON,MA. AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 404 EP 404 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400404 ER PT J AU VILLABA, ML HICKS, JE THORNTON, B BURGESS, S SHERMAN, J ADAMS, E LEFF, RL PLOTZ, PH MILLER, FW AF VILLABA, ML HICKS, JE THORNTON, B BURGESS, S SHERMAN, J ADAMS, E LEFF, RL PLOTZ, PH MILLER, FW TI A COMBINATION OF ORAL METHOTREXATE AND AZATHIOPRINE, (MTX/AZA) IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS MTX WITH LEUCOVORIN RESCUE IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT MYOSITIS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAMS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,CTR CLIN,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 925 EP 925 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400924 ER PT J AU PETRI, M YADLA, N GOLDMAN, D AF PETRI, M YADLA, N GOLDMAN, D TI PREDICTORS OF NEW DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEINURIA IN SLE SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 968 EP 968 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400967 ER PT J AU PAE, S PETRI, M WIGLEY, F WHITE, B GOLDMAN, D AF PAE, S PETRI, M WIGLEY, F WHITE, B GOLDMAN, D TI GREATER PREVALENCE OF LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT(LA) IN SCLERODERMA THAN IN SLE SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 1087 EP 1087 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68401086 ER PT J AU RIDER, LG TARGOFF, IN TAYLORALBERT, ES RAY, LI PAPPU, R JACOBS, JC PACHMAN, LM MILLER, FW AF RIDER, LG TARGOFF, IN TAYLORALBERT, ES RAY, LI PAPPU, R JACOBS, JC PACHMAN, LM MILLER, FW TI ANTI-JO-1 AUTOANTIBODIES DEFINE A CLINICALLY HOMOGENOUS SUBSET OF CHILDHOOD IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY (IIM) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73104. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,JACKSON,MS 39216. SCOTT & WHITE MEM HOSP & CLIN,TEMPLE,TX. COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. OI Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 1251 EP 1251 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68401250 ER PT J AU WIERENGA, DE COGAN, J PETRICCIANI, JC AF WIERENGA, DE COGAN, J PETRICCIANI, JC TI ADMINISTRATION OF TUMOR-CELL CHROMATIN TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSED AND NONIMMUNOSUPPRESSED NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article AB For decades, developers and regulators of vaccines and other biological products have been concerned about the theoretical risk to patients posed by contaminants derived from the cell substrates used to produce those products. The present study addresses the issue of how risky DNA may be as a residual impurity by injecting both normal and immunosuppressed monkeys with 10(8) genome equivalents of DNA from a human tumor cell line. After more than eight years of observation, none of the animals shows evidence of neoplastic disease. The results of this study along with clinical experiences with already approved products derived from continuous cell lines suggest that he benefits of using such cells for the production of biologicals far outweigh any theoretical risks associated with DNA. (C) 1995 The International Association of Biological Standardization C1 US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. INST GENET,CAMBRIDGE,MA. RP WIERENGA, DE (reprint author), PHARMACEUT RES & MANUFACTURERS AMER,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD SEP PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1006/biol.1995.0036 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RU471 UT WOS:A1995RU47100005 PM 8527121 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, EM LESTER, DS BORCHARDT, DB ZIDOVETZKI, R AF GOLDBERG, EM LESTER, DS BORCHARDT, DB ZIDOVETZKI, R TI EFFECTS OF DIACYLGLYCEROLS ON CONFORMATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE HEADGROUPS IN PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE/PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE BILAYERS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOSPHOLIPID HEAD GROUPS; PORCINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2; P-31 NMR; PHASE-TRANSITION; MODEL MEMBRANES; LIPID-MEMBRANES; ELECTRIC CHARGE; SURFACE-CHARGE AB The effects of five diacylglycerols (DAGs), diolein, 1-stearoyl,2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, dioctanoylglycerol, 1-oleoyl,2-sn-acetylglycerol, and dipalmitin (DP), on the structure of lipid bilayers composed of mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (4:1 mol/mol) were examined by H-2 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine deuterated at the alpha- and beta-positions of the choline moiety was used to probe the surface region of the membranes. Addition of each DAG except DP caused a continuous decrease in the beta-deuteron quadrupole splittings and a concomitant increase in the alpha-deuteron splittings indicating that DAGs induce a conformational change in the phosphatidylcholine headgroup. Additional evidence of conformational change was found at high DAG concentrations (greater than or equal to 20 mol%) where the alpha-deuteron peaks became doublets indicating that the two alpha-deuterons were not equivalent. The changes induced by DP were consistent with the lateral phase separation of the bilayers into gel-like and fluid-like domains with the phosphatidylcholine headgroups in the latter phase being virtually unaffected by DP. The DAG-induced changes in alpha-deuteron splittings were found to correlate with DAG-enhanced protein kinase C (PK-C) activity, suggesting that the DAG-induced conformational changes of the phosphatidylcholine headgroups are either directly or indirectly related to a mechanism of PK-C activation. H-2 NMR relaxation measurements showed significant increase of the spin-lattice relaxation times for the region of the phosphatidylcholine headgroups, induced by all DAGs except DP. However, this effect of DAGs did not correlate with the DAG-induced activation of PK-C. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BIOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT CHEM,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV RES & TESTING,LAUREL,MD 20708. FU DRS NIH HHS [BRSG2507] NR 92 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 965 EP 973 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA RZ852 UT WOS:A1995RZ85200023 PM 8519996 ER PT J AU DESILVA, MS ZHANG, Y HESKETH, PJ MACLAY, GJ GENDEL, SM STETTER, JR AF DESILVA, MS ZHANG, Y HESKETH, PJ MACLAY, GJ GENDEL, SM STETTER, JR TI IMPEDANCE BASED SENSING OF THE SPECIFIC BINDING REACTION BETWEEN STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN-B AND ITS ANTIBODY ON AN ULTRA-THIN PLATINUM FILM SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOBIOSENSOR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN B; PLATINUM ULTRA-THIN FILM ID BIOSENSORS AB Immunobiosensing techniques to measure specific antigen-antibody binding reactions are important in the development of biosensor applications in biotechnology, in vitro diagnosis, medicine and food technology. An immunobiosensor was constructed to measure the specific binding reaction between Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEE) and anti-SEE antibodies. The biosensor comprised an anti-SEE bioactive layer covalently immobilized on an ultra-thin platinum (Pt) film sputtered onto a 100 nm thick silicon dioxide layer on a silicon chip. The Pt film was discontinuous with a normal thickness of 25 Angstrom. The impedance of the Pt film decreased during the binding of the anti-SEE to SEE in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature. The impedance decreases were irreversible in PBS before saturation of the specific binding sites. When saturated, the impedance at 100 Hz was 14% of the value obtained for the fresh anti-SEE layer in PES. The magnitude of the impedance (/Z/) decrease followed a simple relationship with SEE concentration in the range between 0.389 and 10.70 ng/ml SEE. The specificity of the biosensor was demonstrated by showing that no irreversible impedance decreases occurred when the sensor was exposed to 100 ng/ml kappa-casein, alpha-casein, or alpha-lactalbumin, in PBS. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,MICROFABRICAT APPLICAT LAB,CHICAGO,IL 60607. US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501. RP DESILVA, MS (reprint author), IIT,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60616, USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-00431] NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 10 IS 8 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1016/0956-5663(95)96958-2 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RU103 UT WOS:A1995RU10300004 PM 7576435 ER PT J AU AIDOO, A LYNCOOK, LE LENSING, S BISHOP, ME WAMER, W AF AIDOO, A LYNCOOK, LE LENSING, S BISHOP, ME WAMER, W TI IN-VIVO ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF BETA-CAROTENE IN RAT SPLEEN LYMPHOCYTES SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; VITAMIN-A ACTIVITY; FISCHER-344 RATS; BONE-MARROW; CANCER; CELLS; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; ANTIOXIDANT; INDUCTION AB The anticarcinogenic effects of beta-carotene (BC) have been extensively investigated, but only in vitro assays have examined the ability of BC to modulate gene mutation, In view of the current interest in the provitamin as a cancer chemopreventive agent, and the association between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, we have dosed Fischer 344 rats with the model carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and investigated the relationships among BC intake, its tissue accumulation, and antimutagen activity, Animals received drinking water supplemented with BC at doses of 0-0.25% ad libitum, using three dosing schedules, In one group BC dosing commenced before, and continued for three alternating weeks after i.p. injection of 100 mg ENU/kg; another group was given BC only after mutagen treatment, Animals from the first two groups were sacrificed 5 weeks post-mutagen treatment, and cells were isolated from the spleen to determine the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (6-TG(r)) T-lymphocytes. The presence of BC caused a reduction in the frequency of 6-TG(r) T-cells produced by ENU, but the inhibition was non-linear within the range of BC doses used, BC intake only after mutagen treatment was more effective than the combination of pre- and post-mutagen intake, In the third group, rats were treated with 100 mg ENU/kg, and BC administration was continued at a fixed dose of 0.15% in the drinking water for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks, Measurement of the frequency of 6-TG(r) T-cells at the end of the specified times showed >50% reduction in ENU-mediated mutagenicity throughout the experiment, Analysis of BC levels in the liver and in the spleen following BC intake before and during mutagen exposure revealed higher levels than when BC was given only after mutagen treatment, Continuous intake of BC also showed increased tissue levels, There were some correlations observed between BC tissue levels and the antimutagenic effects for the first two groups, but these correlations were not statistically significant, possibly due to the small numbers of animals used, Taken together, the results demonstrate that intact BC is absorbed, stored, and exerted antimutagenic effects against a chemical carcinogen in rats without first being transformed to retinol in the gastrointestinal tract. C1 COMP SCI CORP,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. US FDA,CTR FOOD & NUTR SAFETY,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP AIDOO, A (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV GENET TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD SEP PY 1995 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2237 EP 2241 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.9.2237 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RV296 UT WOS:A1995RV29600036 PM 7554082 ER PT J AU DANELLI, MDM BATOREU, NM LACERDA, MD FERREIRA, CRB CARDOSO, JD PERALTA, JM FRASCH, CE AF DANELLI, MDM BATOREU, NM LACERDA, MD FERREIRA, CRB CARDOSO, JD PERALTA, JM FRASCH, CE TI SURFACE-ANTIGEN ANALYSIS OF GROUP-B NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS OUTER-MEMBRANE BY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES - IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERICIDAL ANTIBODIES TO CLASS-5 PROTEIN SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXPRESSION; SERUM; IRON; SPECIFICITY; PROTECTION; EPIDEMIC; VACCINES AB Twenty-four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against group B Neisseria meningitidis surface antigens were analyzed by immunoenzymatic assays and by a bactericidal test. Two mAbs were specific to polysaccharide B and one to lipopolysaccharide. The others were directed against outer membrane proteins ranging in molecular mass from 25 to 200 kDa. The outer membrane protein epitopes recognized by the mAbs were not conformational and were located on the outer surface of the microorganism. Linear epitopes on the class 5 protein, exposed on the surface of the membrane, were able to induce bactericidal antibodies to the homologous strain. The susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis to these antibodies was unchanged when this organism was cultivated under conditions of iron depletion. These results demonstrate that peptides derived from class 5 proteins are potentially important in synthetic peptide or in recombinant protein vaccines containing linear bactericidal epitopes. C1 UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP DANELLI, MDM (reprint author), FDN OSWALDO CRUZ,INST TECNOL IMMUNOBIOL BIOMANGUINHOS,DEPT DESENVOLVIMENTO TECNOL,AV BRASIL 4365,BR-21045900 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1007/BF00293545 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RL373 UT WOS:A1995RL37300002 PM 7545046 ER PT J AU MARTINEZLACACI, I SACEDA, M PLOWMAN, GD JOHNSON, GR NORMANNO, N SALOMON, DS DICKSON, RB AF MARTINEZLACACI, I SACEDA, M PLOWMAN, GD JOHNSON, GR NORMANNO, N SALOMON, DS DICKSON, RB TI ESTROGEN AND PHORBOL ESTERS REGULATE AMPHIREGULIN EXPRESSION BY 2 SEPARATE MECHANISMS IN HUMAN BREAST-CANCER CELL-LINES SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; FACTOR-ALPHA; MCF-7 CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENHANCER ELEMENTS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB The actions of 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) and protein kinase C (PKC) appear to converge in the regulation of expression of certain growth modulatory genes, such as the growth factor amphiregulin (AR). AR is known to modulate cell growth by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. In the current report we established the mechanisms of the PKC-activating phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the steroid hormone E(2) on the induction of AR expression in human breast carcinoma cell lines. TPA (100 nM) and E(2) (1 nM) induce AR messenger RNA(mRNA) expression by 6- to 8-fold and 3- to 6-fold, respectively, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, immunoreactive AR protein is induced by both TPA and E(2) by 6- to 8-fold and 2- to 4-fold, respectively. The PKC-modulating drugs, bryostatin and H-7, and antiestrogens (ICI 164,384 and 4-hydroxytamoxifen) interfere with AR induction by TPA and estrogen, respectively. The effects of TPA and E(2) on the induction of AR mRNA were both closely associated with enhanced transcription of the AR gene. However, TPA had an additional effect at the posttranscriptional level by stabilizing the AR mRNA. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, prevented AR induction by TPA, suggesting that a component of the TPA induction of AR is indirect and dependent upon protein synthesis. Conversely, the E(2) induction of AR transcription was found to be a direct response, independent of protein synthesis. The results presented herein thus demonstrate that TPA and E(2) are able to stimulate AR gene transcription by two separate mechanisms. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV, VINCENT T LOMBARDI CANC RES CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, DEPT CELL BIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. SUGEN INC, REDWOOD CITY, CA 94063 USA. US FDA, DIV CYTOKINE BIOL, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NCI, TUMOR IMMUNOL & BIOL LAB, TUMOR GROWTH FACTOR SECT, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Saceda, Miguel/A-1581-2008; PLOWMAN, Greg/E-2012-2011 NR 72 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3983 EP 3992 DI 10.1210/en.136.9.3983 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RQ622 UT WOS:A1995RQ62200037 PM 7649107 ER PT J AU SANDBERG, JA SLIKKER, W AF SANDBERG, JA SLIKKER, W TI DEVELOPMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF ANTI-HIV THERAPEUTIC AGENTS - DIDEOXYNUCLEOSIDES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FETAL EXPOSURE; PLACENTAL PERFUSION; PREGNANCY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHASE-I TRIAL; CELLULAR PHARMACOLOGY; ZIDOVUDINE AZT; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; COMBINATION THERAPY; AZIDOTHYMIDINE AZT; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS AB As the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has increased in women over the past decade, the need for safe, effective therapy during pregnancy has increased concomitantly, Although dideoxynucleosides such as 3'-deoxy-3'-azidothymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), and 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine have been approved for use in the general population, the administration, efficacy, and toxicity of these compounds during pregnancy and development are now being investigated. Initial human studies suggest that maternal use of AZT during pregnancy is well tolerated by both mother and child and provides a promising degree of protection from vertical HIV transmission to the infant. In vitro and animal models have greatly increased our understanding of the distribution and toxicity resulting from fetal dideoxynucleoside exposure. AZT, ddI, and ddC rapidly cross the placenta by simple diffusion but with different rates of transfer. In vivo data confirm the differential transfer of these compounds with AZT fetal exposure approximately twice that of ddI or ddC. Active phosphorylated metabolites have been detected in placental tissue after in vitro perfusion with AZT. The active triphosphate has not been detected in placental perfusion studies or in the fetal rhesus monkey 3 h after maternal exposure to ddI or ddC. Although in vitro and in vivo laboratory animal studies suggest the potential for toxicity with preimplantation exposure, the risk for teratogenic events after postimplantational exposure appears to be low at therapeutically effective concentrations of these dideoxynucleosides. RP SANDBERG, JA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT 132,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01-ES-10187] NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1157 EP 1163 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA RU816 UT WOS:A1995RU81600005 PM 7672508 ER PT J AU BEGLEY, TH GAY, ML HOLLIFIELD, HC AF BEGLEY, TH GAY, ML HOLLIFIELD, HC TI DETERMINATION OF MIGRANTS IN AND MIGRATION FROM NYLON FOOD-PACKAGING SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE NYLON; MIGRATION; FOOD PACKAGING; MICROWAVE COOKING AB A method was developed to determine the amount of residual oligomers in nylon food packaging. In addition, a method was developed to measure oligomers that migrate to a food-simulating liquid (oil) during oven cooking conditions. It was found that the total amount of nylon 6/66 oligomers that migrated from an oven baking bag to oil after heating for 30 min at 176 degrees C was 155 mu g/g (ppm) or 11.9 mu g/cm(2), which represented 43% of the total amount of oligomers present in the packaging material. RP BEGLEY, TH (reprint author), US FDA,DIV PROD MFG & USE,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 12 IS 5 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA RX604 UT WOS:A1995RX60400005 PM 8522031 ER PT J AU BURIN, GJ CLAYSON, DB COHEN, SM DESESSO, JM ELLWEIN, LB FISHBEIN, L FREDERICK, C GIBB, H GORELICK, NJ HARD, GC HILL, RN KING, C LORENTZEN, RJ OYASU, R RICE, JM SANDUSKY, C WANG, CY WARD, JM AF BURIN, GJ CLAYSON, DB COHEN, SM DESESSO, JM ELLWEIN, LB FISHBEIN, L FREDERICK, C GIBB, H GORELICK, NJ HARD, GC HILL, RN KING, C LORENTZEN, RJ OYASU, R RICE, JM SANDUSKY, C WANG, CY WARD, JM TI URINARY-BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS - IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; RATS; MELAMINE; MICE C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. MITRE CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22101. NEI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PRINCETON SCI PUBLISHING CO,PRINCETON,NJ. ROHM & HAAS CO,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19105. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. AMER HLTH FDN,NEW YORK,NY 10017. US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MICHIGAN CANC FDN,DETROIT,MI 48201. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP BURIN, GJ (reprint author), TECHNOL SCI GRP INC,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 797 EP 802 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA RY163 UT WOS:A1995RY16300010 ER PT J AU RATAJCZAK, HV THOMAS, PT HOUSE, RV GAWORSKI, CL SHERWOOD, RL LUSTER, MI HAGEN, KL ABDO, K JACKSON, CD ROYCROFT, J ARANYI, C AF RATAJCZAK, HV THOMAS, PT HOUSE, RV GAWORSKI, CL SHERWOOD, RL LUSTER, MI HAGEN, KL ABDO, K JACKSON, CD ROYCROFT, J ARANYI, C TI LOCAL VERSUS SYSTEMIC IMMUNOTOXICITY OF ISOBUTYL NITRITE FOLLOWING SUBCHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE OF FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYL NITRITE; HOST-RESISTANCE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; TOXICITY; IMMUNITY; SARCOMA AB Female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to isobutyl nitrite (IBN) by inhalation at 0, 37.5, 75, or 150 ppm for 6 hr per day, 5 days per week for 15 weeks. The potential of this compound to induce immunotoxicity was assessed during the 3rd, 13th, 14th, and 15th week of exposure and after 2 weeks of recovery following the 15 weeks of exposure. Both systemic and lung immune functions were examined, including body and lymphoid organ weights, pulmonary macrophage function and host defense, expression of splenic lymphocyte cell-surface markers, natural killer cell function, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and induction of specific antibody to a T-cell-dependent antigen. There was a dose-related suppression of T-cell-dependent antibody-forming cell responses in the spleen following IBN exposure; however, other measures of T-cell and nonspecific immunity were not significantly affected. A dose-related increase of H2O2 production by alveolar macrophages was present after 12 but not after 68 exposures to IBN. In contrast, pulmonary host defense mechanisms against Klebsiella pneumoniae were unaffected. These results suggest that in the absence of changes in host resistance, IBN may have selective and partially reversible effects on the immune system. (C) 1995 society of Toxicology C1 NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV ILLINOIS,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR RES RESOURCES,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP RATAJCZAK, HV (reprint author), IIT,RES INST,DEPT LIFE SCI,10 W 35TH ST,CHICAGO,IL 60616, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-65143] NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1122 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RU766 UT WOS:A1995RU76600003 PM 8529812 ER PT J AU GREENMAN, DL SHELDON, W SCHIEFERSTEIN, G ALLEN, R ALLABEN, WT AF GREENMAN, DL SHELDON, W SCHIEFERSTEIN, G ALLEN, R ALLABEN, WT TI TRIPROLIDINE - 104-WEEK FEEDING STUDY IN RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONONUCLEAR CELL LEUKEMIA; FISCHER 344 RATS; METHAPYRILENE HYDROCHLORIDE; TUMOR-INCIDENCE; BODY-WEIGHT; MICE AB The antihistamine, triprolidine hydrochloride, was fed at dietary concentrations of 0, 250, 1000, or 2000 ppm (as the free base) to groups of 60 Fischer 344 (F344) rats of each sex for up to 2 years to evaluate its potential carcinogenicity. Up to 12 per sex from each group were killed at 65 weeks, and hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology were evaluated. A complete histopathological evaluation was performed on all other animals; survivors were killed at 2 years. Survival was significantly extended in triprolidine-treated males and females, particularly at the high dose. At the close of the study high-dose males and females had gained significantly less body weight than controls. Among rats killed at 65 weeks females in the mid- and high-dose groups weighed significantly less than controls, but weights of control and dosed males were not significantly different. The incidences of numerous lesions tended to decrease with increasing triprolidine dose. In females, clitoral gland adenomas, thyroid c-cell hyperplasia and neoplasia, mammary gland hyperplasia and fibroadenomas, and uterine stromal polyps, and in males, anterior pituitary gland adenomas, preputial gland neoplasia, thyroid c-cell hyperplasia, pancreatic islet neoplasia, mononuclear cell leukemia, and the combination of lymphocytic, histiocytic, and undifferentiated cell malignant lymphomas and mononuclear leukemia, all exhibited negative dose trends. Cytoplasmic alterations of the parotid gland and numerous liver lesions tended to be more frequent in treated than in control animals. Liver lesions that exhibited positive dose trends include chronic inflammation and centrilobular fatty change in both sexes, mixed cell foci, and the combination of mixed cell foci and eosinophilic foci in females, and in males, basophilic foci and eosinophilic foci. Triprolidine was not carcinogenic in F344 rats. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,COMP BASED SYST INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP GREENMAN, DL (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,OFF ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR SCI COORDINAT,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1127 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RU766 UT WOS:A1995RU76600008 PM 8529817 ER PT J AU STERN, SH DENNIS, MJ WILLIAMS, G ROSENSTEIN, M AF STERN, SH DENNIS, MJ WILLIAMS, G ROSENSTEIN, M TI SIMULATION OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL FLUOROSCOPIC EXAMINATION FOR CALCULATION OF ABSORBED DOSE IN TISSUE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note DE FLUOROSCOPY; DOSE; DOSE, ABSORBED; MONTE CARLO AB In order to simulate the upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examination, modifications were made to the Monte Carlo radiation-transport code that uses the anthropomorphic, mathematical reference phantoms ADAM and EVA. A set of discrete x-ray field projections of the principal anatomy of clinical interest has been previously defined. This note describes the new features incorporated in the simulations-divergent beams in oblique irradiation geometries, an esophagus and a duodenum, a double contrast medium consisting of a BaSO4-H2O mixture and air in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and clinically representative beam qualities. The absorbed doses in tissues per unit entrance exposure (free-in-air) computed with the modified code appeared in Department of Health and Human Services Publication FDA 92-8282, Handbook of Selected Tissue Doses for the Upper Gastrointestinal Fluoroscopic Examination. A minor correction is described for the previously reported results for the esophagus. C1 MED COLL OHIO, DEPT RADIOL, DIV MED PHYS, TOLEDO, OH 43699 USA. REG CANC CTR, ERIE, PA 16505 USA. RP STERN, SH (reprint author), US FDA, CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH, OFF HLTH PHYS, DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1097/00004032-199509000-00011 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RP784 UT WOS:A1995RP78400012 PM 7635736 ER PT J AU BANKS, AT ZIMMERMAN, HJ ISHAK, KG HARTER, JG AF BANKS, AT ZIMMERMAN, HJ ISHAK, KG HARTER, JG TI DICLOFENAC-ASSOCIATED HEPATOTOXICITY - ANALYSIS OF 180 CASES REPORTED TO THE FOOD-AND-DRUG-ADMINISTRATION AS ADVERSE REACTIONS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; INDUCED HEPATITIS; HEPATOCYTES; TOXICITY; SODIUM AB Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved in the United States in 1988 for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. To characterize the clinical, biochemical, and histological features and possible mechanisms of hepatic injury associated with its use, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of 180 patients whose cases were reported to the Food and Drug Administration from November 1988 through June 1991, as having had possible adverse reactions to diclofenac. Of the reported 180 cases, 79% were female, 71% were 60 years of age or older, and 77% had osteoarthritis. Sixty-seven percent of the cases were detected by symptoms and the remainder by abnormal laboratory tests. Seventy-five percent of the symptomatic patients (90 of 120) were jaundiced. Seven of the 90 icteric patients died. The biochemical pattern of injury was hepatocellular or mixed hepatocellular in 66% of cases. Only 8% had a pattern of cholestatic injury. The remainder, with modestly increased values of both transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, were considered ''indeterminate,'' i.e., either mild hepatocellular or anicteric ''cholestatic'' injury. Sections of liver from 21 cases were available for study. Hepatic injury was apparent by 1 month after starting the drug in 24%, by 3 months in 63%, and by 6 months in 85% of cases. The latent period in 12% was 6 to 12 months, whereas in 3% it was greater than 12 months. A combination of rash, fever, and eosinophilia, all hallmarks of immunological idiosyncrasy (hypersensitivity), was not reported in any case; additionally, the long latent period in most of the patients led to the inference that the mechanism is probably metabolic idiosyncrasy. The data suggest that diclofenac-related liver injury is particularly likely to involve osteoarthritic females, presenting with jaundice 1 to 6 months after starting diclofenac, with injury that is predominantly hepatocellular and presumably caused by metabolic idiosyncrasy. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT HEPAT & GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,FOOD & DRUG ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 38 TC 158 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1016/0270-9139(95)90303-8 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RT116 UT WOS:A1995RT11600019 PM 7657288 ER PT J AU WAYNANT, RW AF WAYNANT, RW TI KEEP US SO IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP WAYNANT, RW (reprint author), US FDA,1901 CHAPMAN AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUIT DEVIC JI IEEE Circuit Devices Mag. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA RX637 UT WOS:A1995RX63700001 ER PT J AU WAYNANT, RW AF WAYNANT, RW TI SOFTWARE REVIEW SO IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE LA English DT Software Review RP WAYNANT, RW (reprint author), US FDA,1901 CHAPMAN AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUIT DEVIC JI IEEE Circuit Devices Mag. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 5 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA RX637 UT WOS:A1995RX63700012 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, WH HAGELSTEIN, P OBARA, M WAYNANT, R AF ARNOLD, WH HAGELSTEIN, P OBARA, M WAYNANT, R TI INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ON SHORT-WAVELENGTH LASERS AND APPLICATIONS SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. KEIO UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,KOHOKU KU,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 233,JAPAN. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ELECTROOPT BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP ARNOLD, WH (reprint author), ADV MICRO DEVICES INC,1 AMD PL,MS 78,SUNNYVALE,CA 94088, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 765 EP 767 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA TF137 UT WOS:A1995TF13700001 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, MP LOEW, MH BROWN, DG AF ANDERSON, MP LOEW, MH BROWN, DG TI GABOR FUNCTION-BASED MEDICAL IMAGE COMPRESSION SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE COMPRESSION METHODS; IMAGE COMPRESSION; GABOR FUNCTION AB Compression methods based on Gabor functions are implemented for simulated nuclear medicine liver images with and without lesions. The performance of the compression schemes is assessed objectively by comparing the original images to the compressed/reconstructed images through calculation of the Hotelling trace, an index that has been shown to correlate well with performance for images from this imaging modality. For compression based on thresholding the complex Gabor coefficients, a better than 2:1 compression is obtained without appreciable reduction in image quality, which, when combined with gains expected from bit reduction schemes, corresponds to an overall approximate 8:1 compression. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. RP ANDERSON, MP (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,HFZ-142,12720 TWINBROOK PKWY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 13 IS 7 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1016/0262-8856(95)91144-3 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA RT956 UT WOS:A1995RT95600001 ER PT J AU CLARKE, JB THOMAS, C CHEN, M HASTINGS, KL GANDOLFI, AJ AF CLARKE, JB THOMAS, C CHEN, M HASTINGS, KL GANDOLFI, AJ TI HALOGENATED ANESTHETICS FORM LIVER ADDUCTS AND ANTIGENS THAT CROSS-REACT WITH HALOTHANE-INDUCED ANTIBODIES SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYPERSENSITIVITY; HEPATITIS; ANESTHETICS; ENFLURANE; ISOFLURANE; HALOTHANE; ADDUCTS; ANTIBODIES ID GUINEA-PIG MODEL; ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA; ENFLURANE METABOLISM; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HEPATITIS; HEPATOTOXICITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CYTOCHROME-P-450; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Two halogenated anesthetics, enflurane and isoflurane, have been associated with an allergic-type hepatic injury both alone and following previous exposure to halothane. Halothane hepatitis appears to involve an aberrant immune response. An antibody response to a protein-bound biotransformation product (trifluoroacetyl adduct) has been detected on halothane hepatitis patients. This study was performed to determine cross-reactivity between enflurane and isoflurane with the hypersensitivity induced by halothane. The subcellular and lobular production of hepatic neoantigens recognized by halothane-induced antibodies following enflurane and isoflurane, and the biochemical nature of these neoantigens was investigated in two animal models. Enflurane administration resulted in neoantigens detected in both the microsomal and cytosolic fraction of liver homogenates and in the centrilobular region of the liver. In the same liver, biochemical analysis detected fluorinated liver adducts that were up to 20-fold greater in guinea pigs than in rats. This supports and extends previous evidence for a mechanism by which enflurane and/or isoflurane could pro duce a hypersensitivity condition similar to that of halothane hepatitis either alone or subsequent to halothane administration. The guinea pig would appear to be a useful model for further investigations of the immunological response to these antigens. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85724. US FDA,DIV ANTI VIRAL DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 34788] NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA RR380 UT WOS:A1995RR38000004 PM 7647582 ER PT J AU BASHAW, ED KAIKO, RF GRANDY, RP REDER, RF GOLDENHEIM, PD AF BASHAW, ED KAIKO, RF GRANDY, RP REDER, RF GOLDENHEIM, PD TI RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE ORAL MORPHINE-SULFATE DURING NALTREXONE BLOCKADE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE BIOAVAILABILITY; MORPHINE SULFATE; NALTREXONE ID NALOXONE; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACOLOGY; DISPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; METABOLISM; RAT AB The effect of naltrexone hydrochloride on the bioavailability of 60 mg controlled-release oral morphine sulfate in normal volunteers was determined using a randomized, 2-way crossover, analytically blinded study design. Although naltrexone did not qualitatively alter the concentration-time curve for controlled-release morphine, the area under the plasma morphine concentration-time curve from 0 - 24 h (AUC(0-24)) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) for morphine given with naltrexone (265 ngxh/ml) than for morphine given alone (215 ngxh/ml). Compared to morphine given alone, the apparent absorption half-life of morphine was decreased from 0.94 - 0.58 h (p = 0.01) and C-max was increased from 28.17 ng/ml to 32.26 ng/ml (p = 0.04) during naltrexone blockade, whereas the T-max and apparent elimination half-life of morphine were not significantly affected. The minimal differences in morphine bioavailability indicate naltrexone may be useful in comparative bioavailability studies of high-dose opioids in opioid-naive normal volunteers. C1 PURDUE FREDERICK CO,DEPT MED,NORWALK,CT 06850. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI MUNCHEN-DEISENHOFEN PA BAHNHOFSTRABE 9 POSTFACH 49, W-8024 MUNCHEN-DEISENHOFEN, GERMANY SN 0946-1965 J9 INT J CLIN PHARM TH JI Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 524 EP 529 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RV487 UT WOS:A1995RV48700009 PM 8520812 ER PT J AU Gehring, TA Rushing, LG Thompson, HC AF Gehring, TA Rushing, LG Thompson, HC TI Liquid chromatographic determination of sulfadiazine in salmon by postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE-TISSUE; FLUORESCAMINE AB A reversed-phase (ODS-2) liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine low nanogram-per-gram levels of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in salmon muscle tissue, SDZ was extracted with acetonitrile-aqueous 2% acetic acid (pH 3.0), partitioned into methylene chloride, and cleaned up by using a strong-cation-exchange, solid-phase extraction cartridge, SDZ was derivatized postcolumn with fluorescamine and detected by fluorescence. The limit of detection was 0.2 ng SDZ/g tissue. Recoveries from coho salmon tissue fortified with 1, 5, 10, and 20 ng SDZ/g tissue averaged 84.5, 85.0, 83.6, and 83.9%, respectively; recoveries from Atlantic salmon tissue fortified with 10 ng SDZ/g tissue averaged 82.6%. RP Gehring, TA (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,RES OFF,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1164 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900008 PM 7549531 ER PT J AU Betz, JM White, KD DerMarderosian, AH AF Betz, JM White, KD DerMarderosian, AH TI Gas chromatographic determination of yohimbine in commercial yohimbe products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ERECTILE IMPOTENCE; TRIAL AB The bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe [K. Schumann] Pierre (Rubiaceae), long valued as an aphrodisiac in West Africa, recently has been promoted in the United States as a dietary supplement alternative to anabolic steroids for enhancement of athletic performance. As the number of yohimbe products on the retail market increases, concerns about their safety are raised because of the reported toxicity of yohimbine (the major alkaloid of the plant). Although plant materials are usually identified microscopically, we were unable to identify them in many of the products, because as their labels indicated, the products were mixtures of various botanicals or were bark extracts and contained little or no plant material. A method for extraction and capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separation of the alkaloids of P. yohimbe was, therefore, developed and used to analyze a number of commercial yohimbe products. The method involved solvent extraction and partitioning in chloroform-water followed by separation on a methyl silicone capillary GC column (N-P detection). Comparisons of chromatograms of extracts of authentic bark with those of commercial products indicated that, although many products contained measurable quantities of the alkaloid yohimbine, they were largely devoid of the other alkaloids previously reported in this species. Concentrations of yohimbine in the commercial products ranged from <0.1 to 489 ppm, compared with 7089 ppm in the authentic material. Authentic bark has been reported to contain up to 6% total alkaloids, 10-15% of which are yohimbine. The possible presence of undeclared diluents in the products was indicated by peaks in product chromatograms but not in those of authentic bark. C1 PHILADELPHIA COLL PHARM & SCI,DEPT BIOL SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Betz, JM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,200 C ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1194 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900013 PM 7549534 ER PT J AU Chase, GW Akoh, CC Eitenmiller, RR AF Chase, GW Akoh, CC Eitenmiller, RR TI Liquid chromatographic analysis of sucrose polyester in salad dressing by evaporative light-scattering mass detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID INFANT FORMULAS AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for analysis of sucrose polyester (SPE) in salad dressings. SPE is separated from acylglycerols by gel permeation chromatography. The elution time window for SPE was determined with an evaporative light-scattering mass detector. The SPE fraction is collected and quantitated by C-18 reversed-phase chromatography with a ternary gradient. The gradient consists initially of 45.5% methylene chloride, 52.5% acetonitrile, and 2.0% isopropyl alcohol. After 5 min, the ratios change to 98.0% methylene chloride and 2.0% isopropyl alcohol and remain unchanged for the next 6 min. The gradient then reverts back to initial conditions and is ready for another injection after a total run time of 17 min. Sucrose octaacetate was used as an internal standard to simplify quantitation. The mean (n = 3) recovery of SPE was 92.4 +/- 2.6%. Reversed-phase LC precision was determined by performing 6 replicate analyses of Italian dressing. The mean recovery +/- standard deviation and coefficient of variation were 261 +/- 9.5 mg SPE/g and 3.6%, respectively. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FDA,ATLANTA,GA 30309. RI Akoh, Casimir/F-6460-2011 OI Akoh, Casimir/0000-0002-2323-9298 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1327 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900032 ER PT J AU Yess, NJ AF Yess, NJ TI FDA monitoring program SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TOTAL DIET; FOODS RP Yess, NJ (reprint author), US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,DIV PROGRAMS & ENFORCEMENT POLICY,HFS-308,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP A119 EP A142 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TV259 UT WOS:A1995TV25900002 ER PT J AU FENICHEL, RR AF FENICHEL, RR TI COMBINING METHYLPHENIDATE AND CLONIDINE - THE ROLE OF POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article RP FENICHEL, RR (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CARDIORENAL DRUGS PROD HFD-110,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5463 J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 155 EP 156 DI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.155 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA TC102 UT WOS:A1995TC10200001 ER PT J AU JOSHI, M DWYER, DM NAKHASI, HL AF JOSHI, M DWYER, DM NAKHASI, HL TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI ALPHA-TUBULIN GENE SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; IN VITRO AMASTIGOTE; NORTHERN BLOT; SOUTHERN BLOT; TUBULIN GENE ID PARASITIC PROTOZOAN; BETA-TUBULIN; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; ENRIETTII; MEXICANA AB We have isolated a cDNA for an alpha-tubulin mRNA from L. donovani promastigotes and determined its complete nucleotide sequence. Both nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis of this cDNA showed significant similarity with a previously reported, partial sequence of an L. enriettii alpha-tubulin and the complete sequence of human alpha-tubulin. Further, the in vitro translated L. donovani alpha-tubulin gene product was specifically immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody against human alpha-tubulin. Northern blot analysis revealed that there was little change in the expression of the L. donovani alpha-tubulin RNA during parasite differentiation from promastigote to the in vitro grown ''amastigote'' form. Southern blot analysis revealed a simple genomic organization for the L. donovani alpha-tubulin gene with more than one copy of the alpha-tubulin gene in the parasite genome. To our knowledge, this is the first complete sequence of an alpha-tubulin for Leishmania to be reported in the literature. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,CELL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI POTOMAC PA 12263 GREENLEAF AVE, POTOMAC, MD 20854 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 42 IS 5 BP 628 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05918.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RY385 UT WOS:A1995RY38500031 PM 7581339 ER PT J AU HOLCOMB, M THOMPSON, HC AF HOLCOMB, M THOMPSON, HC TI ANALYSIS OF FUMONISIN B-1 IN CORN BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS FLUORESCENCE DETECTION OF THE FMOC DERIVATIVE SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography and Electrophoresis CY MAY, 1995 CL WINTERGREEN, VA DE FUMONISIN B-1; MYCOTOXIN; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; FMOC DERIVATIVE; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; HPLC; B1 AB A new method has been developed for the analysis of fumonisin B-1 in corn using capillary electrophoresis. Fumonisin B-1 is the major fumonisin metabolite produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme and has been implicated in human and animal diseases. Fumonisin B-1 was extracted from corn with acetonitrile/water (50/50) and cleaned up with a Waters C-18 Sep-Pak Vac cartridge. Fumonisin B-1 was quantitated after elution from the C-18 Sep-Pak column using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a 25 mM sodium berate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 10% acetonitrile and fluorescence detection of the FMOC derivative. The minimum detectable amount in corn was 0.5 ppm. Recovery values in spiked corn averaged over 96% over the range 1-20 ppm. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP HOLCOMB, M (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1002/mcs.1220070503 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TF385 UT WOS:A1995TF38500002 ER PT J AU MUSSER, SM EPPLEY, RM MAZZOLA, EP HADDEN, CE SHOCKCOR, JP CROUCH, RC MARTIN, GE AF MUSSER, SM EPPLEY, RM MAZZOLA, EP HADDEN, CE SHOCKCOR, JP CROUCH, RC MARTIN, GE TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN N-ACETYL KETO DERIVATIVE OF FUMONISIN B-1 IN CORN CULTURES OF FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS-LLOYDIA LA English DT Article ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPECTRA AB A method is presented for the separation and identification of a new N-acetyl keto derivative of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) produced in solid corn culture. Cultures of Fusarium proliferatum (M-1597) were purified using preparative hplc, and the new fumonisin was detected by negative-ion esms. Structures were confirmed by H-1- and C-13-nmr spectroscopy. The new fumonisin differs from FB1 in that the tricarballylic acid functionality at the C-15 position of the eicosane backbone is replaced by a ketone and the amino group is acetylated. Direct analysis of the culture material by negative-ion electrospray lc/ms confirmed that the new fumonisin is produced naturally by the fungus. C1 WELLCOME RES LABS,BIOANALYT SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MUSSER, SM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PRODUCTS JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1392 EP 1397 DI 10.1021/np50123a009 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TB928 UT WOS:A1995TB92800009 PM 7494146 ER PT J AU SHAH, VP ELKINS, JS AF SHAH, VP ELKINS, JS TI IN-VITRO RELEASE FROM CORTICOSTEROID OINTMENTS SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter RP SHAH, VP (reprint author), US FDA,OFF GENER DRUGS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1139 EP 1140 DI 10.1002/jps.2600840920 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA RU659 UT WOS:A1995RU65900019 PM 8537896 ER PT J AU CHANG, GJJ CROPP, BC KINNEY, RM TRENT, DW GUBLER, DJ AF CHANG, GJJ CROPP, BC KINNEY, RM TRENT, DW GUBLER, DJ TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE VARIATION OF THE ENVELOPE PROTEIN GENE IDENTIFIES 2 DISTINCT GENOTYPES OF YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VACCINE STRAIN; WILD-TYPE; GENOME; RNA AB The evolution of yellow fever virus over 67 years was investigated by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the envelope (E) protein genes of 20 viruses isolated in Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. Uniformly weighted parsimony algorithm analysis defined two major evolutionary yellow fever virus lineages designated E genotypes I and II. E genotype I contained viruses isolated from East and Central Africa. E genotype II viruses were divided into two sublineages: IIA viruses from West Africa and IIB viruses from America, except for a 1979 virus isolated from Trinidad (TRINID79A). Unique signature patterns were identified at 111 nucleotide and 12 amino acid positions within the yellow fever virus E gene by signature pattern analysis. Yellow fever viruses from East and Central Africa contained unique signatures at 60 nucleotide and five amino acid positions, those from West Africa contained unique signatures at 25 nucleotide and two amino acid positions, and viruses from America contained such signatures at 30 nucleotide and five amino acid positions in the E gene. The dissemination of yellow fever viruses from Africa to the Americas is supported by the close genetic relatedness of genotype IIA and LLB viruses and genetic evidence of a possible second introduction of yellow fever virus from West Africa, as illustrated by the TRINID79A virus isolate. The E protein genes of American IIB yellow fever viruses had higher frequencies of amino acid substitutions than did genes of yellow fever viruses of genotypes I and IIA on the basis of comparisons with a consensus amino acid sequence for the yellow fever E gene. The great variation in the E proteins of American yellow fever virus probably results from positive selection imposed by virus interaction with different species of mosquitoes or nonhuman primates in the Americas. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CHANG, GJJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5773 EP 5780 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RN986 UT WOS:A1995RN98600067 PM 7637022 ER PT J AU TAKAHASHI, K VIVIANO, CJ ELWELL, MR BAKEWELL, WE KUWAHARA, M NAKASHIMA, N BLACKWELL, BN MARONPOT, RR AF TAKAHASHI, K VIVIANO, CJ ELWELL, MR BAKEWELL, WE KUWAHARA, M NAKASHIMA, N BLACKWELL, BN MARONPOT, RR TI BILE DUCT-SPECIFIC LECTINS, DOLICHOS-BIFLORUS AGGLUTININ AND PEANUT AGGLUTININ, AS PROBES IN MOUSE HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE MOUSE LIVER TUMORS; HISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; CYTOKERATIN; HEPATOCHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ID PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYTO-CHEMISTRY; BINDING-SITES; LIVER-CELLS; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; IMMUNOPEROXIDASE; ANTIGENS AB BACKGROUND: It is well established that alterations in the expression of cell surface glycoproteins occur during the course of tumorigenesis and can be detected immunohistochemically. However, no consistent markers of malignancy in mouse hepatocellular tumors have yet been identified. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lectin histochemistry, using three bile duct-specific lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA), and anti-epidermal keratin immunohistochemistry, was conducted on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of a spectrum of benign and malignant hepatocellular proliferative lesions of mice, including hepatocholangiocarcinomas. DBA- and PNA-binding glycoproteins in normal livers and in bile and Liver tumors of mice were verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Normal bile duct cells stained strongly with DBA but minimally to moderately with PNA and SBA. DBA-positive tumor cells were present in 96% of hepatocholangiocarcinomas, 89% of hepatocellular carcinomas, and 35% of hepatocellular adenomas. In comparison, 43% of hepatocholangiocarcinomas, 37% of hepatocellular carcinomas, and 24% of hepatocellular adenomas exhibited PNA staining. SBA did not specifically stain tumor cells. Normal hepatocytes and those in altered foci were consistently negative for these three lectins. Keratin-positive staining was found only in normal bile ductular cells and ductal elements in 70% of hepatocholangiocarcinomas. Electrophoresis and Western blot analysis demonstrated that, in normal livers, DBA and PNA bound to the 13- to 16-kDa and 27- to 30-kDa glycoproteins believed to be of bile duct cell origin and commonly present in hepatocellular adenomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and hepatocholangiocarcinomas, with strongest expression in the last. In addition hepatocholangiocarcinomas had the same high molecular mass glycoprotein (>200 kDa) labeled with DBA as detected in bile. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that some malignant hepatocytes, especially in mouse hepatocholangiocarcinomas, have the potential of biliary differentiation. DBA is a sensitive marker for malignant hepatocytes in mice. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 73 IS 3 BP 424 EP 432 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA RV087 UT WOS:A1995RV08700014 PM 7564276 ER PT J AU ORAVECZ, T RODERIQUEZ, G KOFFI, J WANG, JH DITTO, M BOUHABIB, DC LUSSO, P NORCROSS, MA AF ORAVECZ, T RODERIQUEZ, G KOFFI, J WANG, JH DITTO, M BOUHABIB, DC LUSSO, P NORCROSS, MA TI CD26 EXPRESSION CORRELATES WITH ENTRY, REPLICATION AND CYTOPATHICITY OF MONOCYTOTROPIC HIV-1 STRAINS IN A T-CELL LINE SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-IV; ACTIVATION ANTIGEN; BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE; AIDS VIRUS; HTLV-III; INFECTION; SURFACE; CD4; INDIVIDUALS AB Experiments to identify cell determinants involved in HIV-1 tropism revealed a specific decrease in the expression of the T-cell activation antigen CD26 after monocytotropic (M-tropic) but not T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic) virus infection of the PM1 T-cell line. The level of CD26 expression in single-cell clones of PM1 correlated with the entry rate and cytopathicity of M-tropic HIV-1 variants, resulting in preferential survival of cells with low CD26 levels after infection. Experiments with recombinant viruses showed that the third hypervariable region of the envelope gp120 plays an important role in this selection process. This study identifies CD26 as a key marker for M-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and suggests a mechanism for the early loss of CD26-expressing cells in HIV-1-infected individuals. C1 NIH,FOOD & DRUG ADM,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV MILAN,OSPED L SACCO,INST MALATTIE INFETT,I-20132 MILAN,ITALY. NR 45 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 9 BP 919 EP 926 DI 10.1038/nm0995-919 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RT303 UT WOS:A1995RT30300046 PM 7585218 ER PT J AU ALI, SF DUHART, HM NEWPORT, GD LIPE, GW SLIKKER, W AF ALI, SF DUHART, HM NEWPORT, GD LIPE, GW SLIKKER, W TI MANGANESE-INDUCED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES - COMPARISON BETWEEN MN+2 AND MN+3 SO NEURODEGENERATION LA English DT Article DE MANGANESE; MANGANESE CHLORIDE; MANGANESE ACETATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; NEUROTOXICITY ID DOPAMINE; BRAIN; NEUROTOXICITY; NOREPINEPHRINE; TOXICITY; METAL; RATS AB Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, the deficiency or excess of which is known to cause neurotoxicity in experimental animals and man. The mechanism of action of Mn neurotoxicity is still unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate whether in vitro or in vivo exposure to Mn produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also sought to determine if a single injection of Mn produces changes in monoamines concentration in different regions of rat brain. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg, ip with either MnCl2 (Mn+2) or MnOAc (Mn+3) and were sacrificed 1 h after the dose was administered. Brains were quickly removed and dissected for neurochemical analysis. ROS were measured by a molecular probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and monoamines and their metabolites were measured by HPLC/EC. In vitro exposure to MnCl2 (1-1000 mu M) produced dose-dependent increases of ROS in striatum whereas MnOAc produced similar increases at much lower concentrations (1-100 mu M) In vivo exposure to MnOAc (Mn+3) produced significant increases of ROS in caudate nucleus and hippocampus, whereas MnCl2 (Mn+2) produced significant effects only in hippocampus. Concentrations of dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA) were not altered with acute injections of either MnCl2 or MnOAc. These data suggest that both divalent and trivalent manganese induce ROS, however, Mn+3 is an order of magnitude more potent than Mn+2. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP ALI, SF (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROCHEM LAB,3900 NCTR RD,HFT-132,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 30 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1055-8330 J9 NEURODEGENERATION JI Neurodegeneration PD SEP PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1016/1055-8330(95)90023-3 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RX774 UT WOS:A1995RX77400011 PM 8581566 ER PT J AU COHN, J PAULE, MG AF COHN, J PAULE, MG TI REPEATED ACQUISITION OF RESPONSE SEQUENCES - THE ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR IN TRANSITION SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE REPEATED ACQUISITION; LEARNING; METHODS ID INCREMENTAL REPEATED ACQUISITION; D-AMPHETAMINE; WORKING MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; SCOPOLAMINE; RATS; CHAINS; BASELINE; COCAINE; MONKEYS AB Repeated acquisition (RA) procedures are behavioral preparations in which subjects are required to learn new response sequences within each experimental session. Such procedures avoid problems inherent in nonRA learning procedures. For example, as the subject masters nonRA tasks, one begins to measure performance of a learned response rather than learning itself. Advantages to using RA procedures include (a) the strength of the within-subjects design, including the ability to establish dose effect curves within individual subjects; (b) the ability to assess learning phenomena over extended periods of time; (c) the ability to use chronic dosing regimens; and (d) the ability to assess treatments with permanent or long-lasting effects. In addition, analysis of the response patterns committed during acquisition allows for a description of how behavioral strategies may change in response to experimental manipulation. Difficulties include the relatively long training period often preceding attainment of a stable baseline of acquisition. This review examines the history of RA paradigms, with an emphasis on procedural comparisons. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0149-7634(94)00067-B PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RF764 UT WOS:A1995RF76400005 PM 7566741 ER PT J AU FREDERICK, DL ALI, SF SLIKKER, W GILLAM, MP ALLEN, RR PAULE, MG AF FREDERICK, DL ALI, SF SLIKKER, W GILLAM, MP ALLEN, RR PAULE, MG TI BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) TREATMENT IN RHESUS-MONKEYS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MDMA; ECSTASY; MONKEY; OPERANT BEHAVIOR; LEARNING; SHORT-TERM MEMORY; TIME ESTIMATION; MOTIVATION; COLOR AND POSITION DISCRIMINATION; FOOD REINFORCEMENT; SEROTONIN; AMPHETAMINE; HALLUCINOGEN ID CENTRAL SEROTONERGIC NEURONS; ORALLY-ADMINISTERED MDMA; OPERANT TEST BATTERY; RAT-BRAIN; INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; ECSTASY; PERFORMANCE; DEPLETION AB Effects of chronic treatment with the putative serotonergic neurotoxicant MDMA were assessed in rhesus macaques using behavior in an operant test battery (OTB) designed to model aspects of time estimation, short-term memory, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. After an initial acute dose-response assessment, escalating doses of MDMA (0.10-20.0 mg/kg, im, twice daily, for 14 consecutive days at each dose) were administered, followed by three additional acute dose-response assessments. In general, tolerance to MDMA's acute effects was evident in all OTB tasks by the second week of repeated exposure to each individual MDMA dose and as doses escalated. Baseline OTB performance after chronic treatment was not significantly altered. Residual behavioral tolerance to MDMA's acute effects, however, was evident in all OTB tasks but was least pronounced in the motivation task. Monkeys were sacrificed (21 months after chronic treatment) and brains were dissected into several regions for neurochemical analyses. Serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were analyzed via HPLC. Although MDMA-treated monkeys tended to have lower 5-HT concentrations in the frontal cortex, chronic MDMA treatment had no significant effects on 5-HT concentrations in any brain area sampled. Hippocampal 5-HIAA concentration, 5-HT uptake sites, and turnover of 5-HT of MDMA-treated monkeys were significantly lower than control values. DA concentrations in the CN of MDMA-treated monkeys were significantly greater than control values. No significant effects on DA concentrations were noted in any other brain area sampled. The absence of significant decreases in 5-HT and the general increase in DA concentrations are dissimilar to neurochemical effects reported after a short course of MDMA treatment at relatively high doses. These data suggest that chronic administration of gradually increasing doses of MDMA results in long-lasting tolerance to the drugs acute effects on the complex brain functions modeled in the OTB. It is uncertain, however, if such tolerance is related to the observed decreases in uptake sites and turnover of 5-HT in the hippocampus of these monkeys. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,US FDA,COMP BASED SYST INC,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP FREDERICK, DL (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,US FDA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 5 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(95)00013-H PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA RX060 UT WOS:A1995RX06000002 PM 8551999 ER PT J AU CLAUSING, P FERGUSON, SA HOLSON, RR ALLEN, RR PAULE, MG AF CLAUSING, P FERGUSON, SA HOLSON, RR ALLEN, RR PAULE, MG TI PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN RATS - LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON LEARNING SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE; CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION; OPERANT BEHAVIOR; COMPLEX MAZE ACTIVITY; RAT ID ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; LIQUID DIET; ADULT-RATS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; MAZE; PREGNANCY; ONTOGENY; INUTERO; TASK AB Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet containing either 0% (group C), 18% (group L), or 36% (group H) ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from gestational day 1 to 20. Male offspring were assessed under a conditioned taste aversion paradigm (PND 35-45), in a complex maze (PND 68-80), and for operant behavior (temporal response differentiation and motivation to work for food, PND 140-198). Although conditioned taste aversion was fully acquired by all groups, retention of the conditioned taste aversion response was impaired in group H animals. Importantly, deficits in the acquisition of timing behavior were found in group H (group L not tested), confirming that this operant task is quite sensitive in detecting prenatal drug effects and demonstrating that neurological effects of prenatal ethanol exposure persist into late adulthood. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP CLAUSING, P (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HFT-132,3900 NCTR RD,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 5 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(95)00014-I PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA RX060 UT WOS:A1995RX06000003 PM 8552000 ER PT J AU HOLSON, RR BATES, HK LABORDE, JB HANSEN, DK AF HOLSON, RR BATES, HK LABORDE, JB HANSEN, DK TI BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY AND DOMINANT LETHAL EVALUATION OF NITROUS-OXIDE EXPOSURE IN RATS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NITROUS OXIDE; BEHAVIOR; FERTILITY; FETAL EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTION ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ANESTHETIC-GASES; HALOTHANE; INACTIVATION; MICE; TERATOGENICITY; TOXICITY AB Epidemiological studies have suggested that spontaneous abortion may be increased in medical personnel following the sort of chronic low-level exposure to the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) seen in surgical or dental operatories. These results are supported by some, but not all, animal studies, and results are less well established at low exposure levels. Behavioral effects in exposed animal offspring have also been observed, but again not in all studies. To further examine this problem, we conducted the present experiments. Adult male or female rats were exposed to trace concentrations of N2O (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% in air) for 6 h daily either throughout gestation (females) or for 9 weeks (males). Offspring from treated adults were subjected to an extensive behavioral test battery. There were no clear dose-response effects on any of eight behavioral tests for any offspring. Maternal and offspring weights were normal from conception through adulthood. Additionally, we studied effects of N2O on male fertility by mating treated males with untreated females and examining uterine contents. There was no evidence for a substantial decline in fertility of exposed males, although there was a small dose-related trend for resorptions to increase and live births to decrease with increasing paternal N2O exposure. These results suggest that there is little alteration in male or female fertility following chronic exposure to low levels of N2O. There are also no significant long-term behavioral alterations in offspring exposed gestationally to trace levels of N2O via dam or sire. RP HOLSON, RR (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [1Y01DE60001] NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 5 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(95)00019-N PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA RX060 UT WOS:A1995RX06000008 PM 8552005 ER PT J AU Myers, MJ Farrell, DE Henderson, M AF Myers, MJ Farrell, DE Henderson, M TI Oxytetracycline-mediated alteration of murine immunocompetence SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxytetracycline; macrophage; immunity, cell-mediated; immunity, humoral ID MANGANOUS SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TETRACYCLINE; INVITRO; ANTIBIOTICS; DOXYCYCLINE; LYMPHOCYTES; MODULATION; RESPONSES AB The immunomodulatory effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on murine splenic lymphocytes (MSL), peritoneal exudate macrophage (PEM) functions and antibody production was examined. In vivo exposure to OTC slightly delayed initiation of antibody formation during the primary response. However, OTC exposure had no effect on either the peak time of antibody response or peak antibody titer. OTC also had no significant effect on the secondary antibody response. Mitogen-induced proliferation of MSL cocultured with OTC and pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin was equivocal. However, allogeneic stimulation of MSL was inhibited at 100 mu g/ml OTC. There was also a decrease in the number of cells recovered. OTC had no effect on lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cells cultured in vitro. OTC inhibited the cytotoxic response of Corynebacterium parvum-elicited PEM at 10 mu g/ml (effector:target of 10:1). Low levels of OTC (1-10 mu g/ml) augmented the cytotoxic response (effector:target of 5:1). The effect of OTC on induction of PEM cytotoxicity was assessed by coculturing thioglycollate-elicited (TG) PEM in vitro with IFN-gamma and endotoxin along with 0-100 mu g/ml OTC. Induction of cytotoxicity was inhibited at 0.5 mu g/ml. The effect of OTC on TG-PEM antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NET) and cytochrome C. OTC inhibited the reduction of NET at 500 mu g/ml following PMA stimulation of TG-PEM. OTC had no effect on either NET or cytochrome C reduction following stimulation with opsonized zymosan. These results demonstrate that OTC-mediated immunosuppression is a multifaceted event, with differing sensitivities both between immune cells and between different pathways within the same cell. RP Myers, MJ (reprint author), US FDA,ANIM BIOL BRANCH,CTR VET MED,CENTER RD,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 63 IS 5 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1159/000163960 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA UJ890 UT WOS:A1995UJ89000005 PM 8724209 ER PT J AU Myers, MJ Farrell, DE EvockClover, CM Cope, CV Henderson, M Steele, NC AF Myers, MJ Farrell, DE EvockClover, CM Cope, CV Henderson, M Steele, NC TI Effect of recombinant growth hormone and chromium picolinate on cytokine production and growth performance in swine SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone, recombinant porcine; cytokine production; chromium picolinate ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; FACTOR-ALPHA; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; SERUM; INTERLEUKIN-1; LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; ENDOTOXIN; PIGS AB The effect of dietary chromium picolinate (CrP) and recombinant porcine growth hormone, somatotropin (rPST) administration on growth performance and cytokine production in Landrace-Poland China gilts was determined using a 2 by 2 treatment array. Treatments were: (I) control (basal diet), (2) CrP-supplemented diet (basal diet + 300 mu g Cr3+/kg diet as CrP), (3) rPST (100 pg/kg body weight/day), and (4) rPST + CrP. CrP-supplemented diets were fed beginning at 20 kg body weight through 90 kg. Administration of rPST was begun at 60 kg weight and continued through 90 kg. All rPST treated pigs demonstrated improvements in growth performance versus controls. Pigs given CrP-supplemented diets showed no differences in growth performance. At 90 kg, pigs were challenged with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, 0.2 mu g/kg i.v.). Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 h postchallenge. Plasma IL-6 levels increased from 23 U/ml at time 0 to 1,927 U/ml at 3 h for control swine. Swine from the CrP treatment group had IL-6 levels of 8,130 U/ml at 3 h post-LPS. There were no differences in plasma IL-6 from pigs in the rPST and rPST + CrP treatment groups compared to the controls. Endotoxin challenge had no effect on either blood glucose levels or induction of TNF-alpha in any treatment group. PBMC from CrP-treated animals produced more IL-2 than peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all other groups. C1 USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Myers, MJ (reprint author), US FDA,ANIM BIOL BRANCH,CTR VET MED,CENTER RD,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 63 IS 5 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1159/000163962 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA UJ890 UT WOS:A1995UJ89000007 PM 8724211 ER PT J AU MALDONADO, YA LAWRENCE, EC DEHOVITZ, R HARTZELL, H ALBRECHT, P AF MALDONADO, YA LAWRENCE, EC DEHOVITZ, R HARTZELL, H ALBRECHT, P TI EARLY LOSS OF PASSIVE MEASLES ANTIBODY IN INFANTS OF MOTHERS WITH VACCINE-INDUCED IMMUNITY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZATION TEST; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; VIRUS AB Background. Maternally derived passive measles antibody may interfere with vaccine-induced immunity in infants less than 12 months of age. However, early loss of passive measles antibody may occur in infants of women who received measles vaccine because measles vaccine induces lower antibody titers than does natural infection. Methods. Persistence of passive neutralizing measles antibody was studied longitudinally in a group of normal infants as a function of maternal measles titer at birth and maternal date of birth. Maternal serum and cord blood specimens were tested from 162 women and their newborns, from 51 of these infants at 9 months of age and from 63 at 12 months of age. Results. Seventy-one percent of sera from 9-month-old infants (36 of 51, 95% confidence interval 68% to 84%) and 95% of samples from 12-month-old infants (60 of 63, 95% confidence interval 89% to 101%) had no detectable neutralizing measles antibody. Measles geometric mean titers were significantly higher at delivery in mothers whose infants were seropositive at 9 and 12 months compared with mothers whose infants were seronegative at 9 and 12 months. All infants with detectable measles antibody at 9 or 12 months had mothers born before 1963, before the vaccine era, and both maternal and cord blood measles geometric mean titers decreased significantly with decreasing maternal age. Conclusions. Persistence of passive measles antibody is uncommon by 12 months of age; earlier antibody loss is related to lower maternal age and maternal measles titer. C1 PALO ALTO MED FDN CLIN,PALO ALTO,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD. RP MALDONADO, YA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROOM G312,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 22 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 BP 447 EP 450 PN 1 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RT954 UT WOS:A1995RT95400007 PM 7651776 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, KM MEADE, BD DECKER, MD REED, GF RENNELS, MB STEINHOFF, MC ANDERSON, EL ENGLUND, JA PICHICHERO, ME DELORIA, MA DEFOREST, A AF EDWARDS, KM MEADE, BD DECKER, MD REED, GF RENNELS, MB STEINHOFF, MC ANDERSON, EL ENGLUND, JA PICHICHERO, ME DELORIA, MA DEFOREST, A TI COMPARISON OF 13 ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES - OVERVIEW AND SEROLOGIC RESPONSE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 06, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Pediat Res ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; TOXIN; EFFICACY; CELLS; MICE; INFECTION; ANTITOXIN AB Objective. To compare the immunogenicity of a licensed conventional whole-cell (WCL) and 13 diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines that differed in source, method of manufacture, and included antigens; all vaccines included diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Methods. Healthy infants were enrolled through six university-based vaccine and treatment evaluation units and were randomized to receive one of the study vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Sera were obtained before the first immunization and 1 month after the third immunization and were analyzed for antibody to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, pertactin, and diphtheria and tetanus toxins. Chinese hamster ovary cell toxin neutralization assays were performed, and levels of agglutinating antibodies were determined. Results. Of 2342 infants enrolled, 1942 contributed usable preimmunization and postimmunization serum specimens. Each vaccine produced significant increases in antibodies directed against the included antigens; postimmunization antibody titers differed significantly among the DTaP vaccines. For each evaluated antigen, the majority of DTaP vaccines produced antibody responses that equaled or exceeded those produced by WCL. For some antigens (eg, PT), mean antibody levels by vaccine correlated poorly with the quantity of antigen included in each vaccine; for others (eg, fimbriae), there was a close correlation. Conclusion. Although serologic correlates of pertussis immunity are not defined, it is clear that DTaP vaccines can stimulate immune responses that exceed those of licensed whole-cell vaccine with respect to the measured antibodies. Particularly for PT, immunogenicity seems to depend on factors in addition to antigen concentration, possibly including antigen derivation and formulation. No DTaP was most or least immunogenic with respect to all included antigens. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI72629, N01-AI25135, N01-AI62515] NR 37 TC 205 Z9 210 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 548 EP 557 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200002 PM 7659475 ER PT J AU STEINHOFF, MC REED, GF DECKER, MD EDWARDS, KM ENGLUND, JA PICHICHERO, ME RENNELS, MB ANDERSON, EL DELORIA, MA MEADE, BD AF STEINHOFF, MC REED, GF DECKER, MD EDWARDS, KM ENGLUND, JA PICHICHERO, ME RENNELS, MB ANDERSON, EL DELORIA, MA MEADE, BD TI RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF REACTOGENICITY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF 2 WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS VACCINES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 06, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Pediat Res ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ADVERSE REACTIONS; DIPHTHERIA; ANTIGENS; DTP AB Objective. To compare prospectively the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of two licensed whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Methods. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded assessment of two licensed whole-cell pertussis vaccines with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids that were included in a multicenter trial evaluating 13 acellular pertussis vaccines. Infants were immunized at 2, 4, and 6 months of age with a single lot of Lederle (309 infants) or Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Laboratories (MPHBL; 94 infants) vaccine. Results. The group receiving the Lederle vaccine demonstrated significantly higher antibody titers to pertussis toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by the Chinese hamster ovary cell pertussis toxin neutralization assay, and to fimbrial antigens by ELISA, as well as higher mean agglutinin titers. In contrast, the group receiving the MPHBL vaccine demonstrated higher ELISA antibody levels to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin. Similar differences were observed in the proportions of vaccinees seroconverting to these antigens. Rates of systemic and local reactions were relatively low for both vaccines. Although the Lederle product had substantially lower reactogenicity in this study than previously reported for that vaccine, the MPHBL vaccine was significantly less reactogenic in nearly all clinical categories. Conclusion. The two whole-cell vaccines demonstrated statistically significant differences in postimmunization antibody levels to all six evaluated pertussis antigens. Whether these statistically significant differences in antibody levels have clinical relevance is not clear. Rates of nearly all local and systemic reactions were significantly lower among the MPHBL group than the Lederle group. Licensed whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines produced by different manufacturers cannot be assumed to be similar in reactogenicity or immunogenicity. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED INFECT DIS,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP STEINHOFF, MC (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INT HLTH,624 N BROADWAY,ROOM 125,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI62515, N01 AI25135, N01 AI72629] NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200004 PM 7659477 ER PT J AU MEADE, BD DEFOREST, A EDWARDS, KM ROMANI, TA LYNN, F OBRIEN, CH SWARTZ, CB REED, GF DELORIA, MA AF MEADE, BD DEFOREST, A EDWARDS, KM ROMANI, TA LYNN, F OBRIEN, CH SWARTZ, CB REED, GF DELORIA, MA TI DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF SEROLOGIC ASSAYS USED IN A MULTICENTER TRIAL OF ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 06, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Pediat Res ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; TOXIN AB Objective. To describe and evaluate the assays used to measure the antibody responses in infants to 13 experimental acellular pertussis vaccines and 2 licensed whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Methods. During a 53-week period, preimmunization and postimmunization sera were assayed for immunoglobulin G antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and a mixture of type 2 and type 3 fimbriae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for whole-cell agglutinins (AGG), and for pertussis toxin-neutralizing antibodies by the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay. All ELISA reagents were characterized to assure antigen and isotype specificity of the assays. Intralaboratory reproducibility and temporal stability were evaluated by analysis of results of control sera and by assessment of the response to the control whole-cell vaccine. Interlaboratory reproducibility was assessed by repeating the assays on preimmunization and postimmunization sera for 10% of the infants in a second laboratory. Results. For control sera having antibody concentrations at least four times the minimum level of detection, the coefficients of variation within and between the ELISAs consistently were less than 20%. Trend analysis indicated that none of the assays drifted by more than 20% during the study period, and no significant drift was seen in the response to the control whole-cell vaccine. Results from the two laboratories correlated well; correlation coefficients were .93 or greater for the four ELISAs, .79 for the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay, and .82 for the AGG assay. For four of the six assays, there was either no difference or a modest (< 15%) difference in the geometric mean values for sera tested in both laboratories. Larger quantitative differences were observed for the AGG (45% difference) and pertactin (61% difference) assays. Conclusion. Assay reproducibility and stability indicate that the standardized methods can be transferred between laboratories, and that the results accrued during a 1-year period for the 15 vaccines can be compared. C1 TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP MEADE, BD (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,MAIL CODE HFM 490,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI72629, N01 AI25135, N01 AI62515] NR 10 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200005 PM 7659478 ER PT J AU RENNELS, MB REED, GF DECKER, MD EDWARDS, KM PICHICHERO, ME DELORIA, MA ENGLUND, JA ANDERSON, EL STEINHOFF, MC DEFOREST, A MEADE, BD AF RENNELS, MB REED, GF DECKER, MD EDWARDS, KM PICHICHERO, ME DELORIA, MA ENGLUND, JA ANDERSON, EL STEINHOFF, MC DEFOREST, A MEADE, BD TI SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B VACCINE WITH ACELLULAR OR WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS-VACCINE - EFFECTS ON REACTOGENICITY AND IMMUNE-RESPONSES TO PERTUSSIS VACCINES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 06, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Pediat Res ID PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; YOUNG INFANTS; DIPHTHERIA; TETANUS; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; SYRINGE AB Objective. To evaluate the effect of simultaneous Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (Hib) vaccination on the safety and immunogenicity of selected acellular (DTaP) and whole-cell (DTP) pertussis vaccines with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined. Methods. Enrollment of infants into a large multicenter study of the safety and immunogenicity of 13 DTaP and 2 DTP vaccines was partially completed when the first Hib vaccine, HbOC (Haemophilus b oligosaccharide conjugate vaccine), was licensed for use in infants. Thereafter, at each immunization most infants received HbOC simultaneously with DTaP (or DTP), administered in opposite thighs. Postvaccination geometric mean titers or concentrations (GMTs) of pertussis antibodies as measured by six different assays were compared pairwise among groups of infants receiving 0, 1, 2, or 3 simultaneous HbOC immunizations. The incidence of reactions was compared between infants who received only DTaP or DTP and those who received HbOC simultaneously. Results. Comparison of postvaccination GMTs was possible among groups of infants receiving different numbers of simultaneous immunizations for 10 of the 13 DTaP and both DTP vaccines. Increased HbOC exposure had no consistent dose-response effect on antibody titers for DTaP or DTP vaccines in any assay. Significant differences between groups in postvaccination GMTs were observed with 4 DTaP vaccines in 1 to 2 assays each; the GMTs were higher with increasing HbOC exposure for 2 DTaP vaccines and lower for 2 others. There was no significant increase in reactions with simultaneous HbOC and DTaP immunization. Conclusions. Based on these retrospective analyses, there did not seem to be an interference in pertussis immunogenicity or alteration in reactogenicity associated with the simultaneous administration of HbOC and DTaP. These findings are encouraging with respect to the development of DTaP-Hib combination vaccines. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. ST LOUIS UNIV,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63103. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI62515, N01-AI72629, N01-AI25135] NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 576 EP 579 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200006 PM 7659479 ER PT J AU ENGLUND, JA ANDERSON, EL REED, GF DECKER, MD EDWARDS, KM PICHICHERO, ME STEINHOFF, MC RENNELS, MB DEFOREST, A MEADE, BD AF ENGLUND, JA ANDERSON, EL REED, GF DECKER, MD EDWARDS, KM PICHICHERO, ME STEINHOFF, MC RENNELS, MB DEFOREST, A MEADE, BD TI THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL ANTIBODY ON THE SEROLOGIC RESPONSE AND THE INCIDENCE OF ADVERSE REACTIONS AFTER PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION WITH ACELLULAR AND WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS VACCINES COMBINED WITH DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 06, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Pediat Res ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; INFANTS AB Objective. To evaluate the effect of maternally derived antibody on the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of acellular (DTaP) or whole-cell (DTP) pertussis vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined. Methods. A total of 2342 infants were randomized to receive one of 13 DTaP or 2 DTP vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The correlation between preimmunization and postimmunization antibody after three doses of vaccine and the relation between preimmunization antibody and adverse reactions after the first immunization were modeled by linear regression. Results. After DTP but not DTaP, higher levels of preexisting antibody were associated with substantial (28% to 56%) reductions in the subsequent antibody response to pertussis toxin (PT). For other pertussis antibodies, modest inverse correlations were seen between preexisting antibody concentrations and most postimmunization antibody responses (resulting in 8% to 18% reductions in postimmunization antibody) for both DTP and DTaP. There was no consistent association in any DTP or DTaP group between adverse reactions and preimmunization antibody levels. Conclusion. The PT antibody response to DTaP, unlike DTP, is not adversely affected by preexisting antibody to PT. Inhibitory effects with respect to other antibodies, seen with both DTP and DTaP, were relatively modest. Our data suggest that the use of acellular pertussis vaccines in adults, which could confer higher levels of antibody in women before pregnancy, would be unlikely to adversely affect pertussis antibody responses after DTaP among infants born to mothers with high antibody levels. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED INFECT DIS,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP ENGLUND, JA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI25135, N01-AI62515, N01-AI72629] NR 22 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200007 PM 7659480 ER PT J AU MEADE, BD LYNN, F REED, GF MINK, CM ROMANI, TA DEFOREST, A DELORIA, MA AF MEADE, BD LYNN, F REED, GF MINK, CM ROMANI, TA DEFOREST, A DELORIA, MA TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS AS MEASUREMENTS OF RESPONSES TO ACELLULAR AND WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS VACCINES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 06, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Pediat Res ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FIMBRIAE; TOXIN; INFANTS; PURIFICATION; AGGLUTINOGEN; CHILDREN AB Objective. To examine the relationships between functional assays and antigen-specific enzyme immunoassays in sera from a multicenter trial of 13 different experimental acellular pertussis vaccines and 2 licensed whole-cell vaccines, and to determine whether correlations previously observed among assays of specimens from pertussis patients and whole-cell vaccinees would apply to specimens from infants immunized with purified components in acellular vaccines. Methods. Postimmunization sera were assayed for immunoglobulin G antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin (PRN), and a mixture of types 2 and 3 fimbriae (FIM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for whole-cell agglutinins (AGGs) and for PT-neutralizing antibodies by the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay. Assay results were compared for individual sera, as well as for geometric mean antibody concentrations or titers (GMTs) calculated by vaccine or overall. Results. For the 15 vaccines, the PT GMTs were highly correlated with the CHO assay GMTs (r = .92), and the FIM GMTs were highly correlated with the AGG GMTs (r = .96). For individual postvaccination sera, there was a significant correlation between the CHO titers and levels of antibody to PT whether the 15 vaccines were considered separately (.59 less than or equal to r less than or equal to .85) or combined (r = .81). For individual sera from infants immunized with the two whole-cell vaccines or any of the four acellular vaccines containing FIM, a strong correlation between AGG titer and FIM antibody was observed whether the vaccines were considered separately (.83 less than or equal to r less than or equal to .91) or together (r = .86). One vaccine without detectable FIM produced a measurable AGG response; for this vaccine, a moderate but significant correlation (R = .58) between PRN antibody and AGG titer was observed. Conclusion. These data indicate that appropriate antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays will furnish results similar to those provided by the CHO and AGG assays in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of component vaccines. Antibodies to FIM seem to include the most important AGGs; however, there is evidence that agglutination by PRN antibody may be detected in the absence of antibody to FIM. C1 NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. RP MEADE, BD (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,MAIL CODE HFM 490,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI72629, N01-AI25135, N01-AI62515] NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 595 EP 600 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200011 PM 7659484 ER PT J AU REED, GF MEADE, BD STEINHOFF, MC AF REED, GF MEADE, BD STEINHOFF, MC TI THE REVERSE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION PLOT - A GRAPHIC METHOD FOR EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF ANTIBODY DATA SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOVIRUS-VACCINE AB Serologic data often have a wide range and commonly do not approximate a normal distribution. Means, medians, SDs, or other conventional numerical summaries of antibody data may not adequately or fully describe these complex data. The reverse cumulative distribution plot is a graphic tool that completely displays all the data, allows a rapid visual assessment of important details of the distribution, and simplifies comparison of distributions. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP REED, GF (reprint author), NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,6003 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7630,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 10 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 SU S BP 600 EP 603 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU712 UT WOS:A1995RU71200012 PM 7659485 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, JF MOORE, TW KERNER, CM AF HAMILTON, JF MOORE, TW KERNER, CM TI REPRODUCIBILITY OF DISSOLUTION TEST-RESULTS SO PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM LA English DT Article ID APPARATUS-2 C1 US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,ST LOUIS,MO 63101. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION PI ROCKVILLE PA 12601 TWINBROOK PKWY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 SN 0363-4655 J9 PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM JI Pharmacop. Forum PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1386 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RW813 UT WOS:A1995RW81300002 ER PT J AU MOORE, TW HAMILTON, JF KERNER, CM AF MOORE, TW HAMILTON, JF KERNER, CM TI DISSOLUTION TESTING - LIMITATIONS OF THE USP PREDNISONE AND SALICYLIC-ACID CALIBRATOR TABLETS SO PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM LA English DT Article ID APPARATUS-2 RP MOORE, TW (reprint author), US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,1114 MARKET ST,ROOM 1002,ST LOUIS,MO 63101, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU US PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION PI ROCKVILLE PA 12601 TWINBROOK PKWY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 SN 0363-4655 J9 PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM JI Pharmacop. Forum PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1387 EP 1396 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RW813 UT WOS:A1995RW81300003 ER PT J AU CHUNG, TH KIM, JC KIM, MK CHOI, SC KIM, SL CHUNG, JM LEE, IS KIM, SH HAHN, KS LEE, IP AF CHUNG, TH KIM, JC KIM, MK CHOI, SC KIM, SL CHUNG, JM LEE, IS KIM, SH HAHN, KS LEE, IP TI INVESTIGATION OF KOREAN PLANT-EXTRACTS FOR POTENTIAL PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS AGAINST B-VIRUS HEPATITIS SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HUMAN HEPATITIS B-VIRUS (HBV); HBV DNA POLYMERASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; KOREAN MEDICINAL PLANTS ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHYLLANTHUS-NIRURI; DOUBLE-BLIND; INVITRO; HBSAG; PREDNISOLONE; THERAPY AB The present study was undertaken to identify potential phytotherapeutic agents among the aqueous extracts of 151 herbal medicinal plants of Korea. Extracts were assayed for (1) binding potency to hepatitis B-virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and (2) inhibition of serum hepatitis B-virus DNA polymerase activity. Of the 151 aqueous plant extracts tested, 33 demonstrated a positive precipitation reaction with HBsAg(+) serum, and 15 of these specifically bound HBsAg in serum as well as recombinant HBsAg (Hepavax(R)). Nine extracts competitively inhibited > 80% of anti-HBsAg antibody binding to Hepavax(R) HBsAg, Furthermore, nine of these 15 plant extracts also exhibited greater than 25%-50% inhibition of hepatitis B-virus (HBV) DNA polymerase activity, and also significantly stimulated production of the potent cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF). None of the extract concentrations used altered liver function parameters of normal rats. C1 US FDA,DIV TOXICOL RES,MOLEC MECH LAB,CFSAN,LAUREL,MD 20708. KYONGBUK NATL UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL,BASIC MED SCI RES INST,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. KAI MYONG UNIV,SCH NUTR SCI,TAGUE,SOUTH KOREA. GENET ENGN RES INST,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1002/ptr.2650090609 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RW588 UT WOS:A1995RW58800008 ER PT J AU BEER, JZ DEAN, CJ LETT, JT AF BEER, JZ DEAN, CJ LETT, JT TI ALEXANDER,PETER (1922-1993) AND THE GENESIS OF MODERN CELLULAR RADIATION BIOLOGY - IN-MEMORIAM SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 INST CANC RES,SUTTON,SURREY,ENGLAND. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BEER, JZ (reprint author), US FDA,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 143 IS 3 BP 352 EP 354 PG 3 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RT447 UT WOS:A1995RT44700018 PM 7652176 ER PT J AU SCHEUPLEIN, RJ AF SCHEUPLEIN, RJ TI INFORMATION NEEDED TO SUPPORT HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC-SUBSTANCES SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decision Support Methodologies for Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances CY OCT 18-20, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, EPA, Halogenated Solvents Ind Alliance, NCI, NIEHS, NLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Armstrong Lab DE FOOD SUBSTANCES; FOOD ADDITIVES; ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE; SAFETY FACTOR AB Today pharmacokinetic data are not routinely required for food safety evaluation. The new Red Book, the Center's outline of animal testing protocols, does suggest some pharmacokinetic studies, but their use is still limited. Primarily this is because of our current reliance on animal studies only and the use of safety factors (SFs) to bridge the human to animal response. But the situation is changing and the role of pharmacokinetics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling will probably increase for several reasons. (1) The increasing role of quantitative risk assessment and regulations acknowledging and permitting some level of risk. This places a demand of greater quantitation of risk and emphasizes the need for better measurement of effective dose. We made need to consider more carefully the possible nonlinear pharmacokinetic effects in high-to-low dose extrapolation. (2) The increasing need to understand more about a chemical's mechanism of action prior to a major corporate commitment. The increasing cost of mistakes in judgment regarding a chemical's prospects in the commercial and regulatory arena are demanding a better and deeper understanding of possible toxic effects. (3) The increasing desire to expand the use of a successful additive beyond the spectrum of the uses covered in the original approval. This usually means the request for a higher ADI. This must be based on more refined toxicity testing and better estimate of effective dose in order to permit the reduction of the SF. (4) The advent of novel foods for which conventional toxicological methods are inappropriate. For example, noncaloric fat substitutes that may comprise a large portion of the daily diet cannot adequately be tested in conventional animal studies. The doses cannot be exaggerated enough to permit a large enough SF. These substances may well require human clinical investigations similar to those used for drugs. RP SCHEUPLEIN, RJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03353-M PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600007 PM 7570661 ER PT J AU SCHWETZ, BA AF SCHWETZ, BA TI USE OF MECHANISTIC AND PHARMACOKINETIC DATA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AT THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH-SCIENCES (NIEHS) SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decision Support Methodologies for Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances CY OCT 18-20, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, EPA, Halogenated Solvents Ind Alliance, NCI, NIEHS, NLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Armstrong Lab DE TOXICITY STUDIES; PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES; KNOWLEDGE BASES AB In summary, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) have been important contributors of data for hazard identification, including toxicological data as well as mechanistic and pharmacokinetic information. One of the factors that limits the use of knowledge is our lack of understanding of the animal test models currently in use. The underlying bases for regulatory controls that account for normal physiological functions are often not well understood. As a result, toxicological data tend to be used in an empirical manner rather than a manner based on mechanistic understanding. Continued testing of chemicals and random generation of data have their limits in improving our predictive abilities. Attention must be given to prioritizing studies on the basis of critical gaps in understanding that are needed to build knowledge bases in the future. RP SCHWETZ, BA (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,3900 NCTR RD,BLDG 13,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03354-N PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600008 PM 7570667 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, EJ MACHUGA, EJ AF MATTHEWS, EJ MACHUGA, EJ TI THRESHOLD OF ESTIMATED TOXICITY FOR REGULATION OF INDIRECT FOOD-ADDITIVES SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decision Support Methodologies for Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances CY OCT 18-20, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, EPA, Halogenated Solvents Ind Alliance, NCI, NIEHS, NLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Armstrong Lab DE INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVE; THRESHOLD OF REGULATION; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (QSAR) ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; CARCINOGENIC POTENCY; MUTAGENICITY; SALMONELLA; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE; SAFETY; LEVEL AB In response to the objectives of this ATSDR workshop, 2 new procedures are described for assessing the safe use of indirect food additives. First, this workshop provided a timely forum in which to describe a newly proposed Threshold of Regulation (T/R) Policy under which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would exempt certain indirect food additives from the formal premarket petition process. Second, this workshop offered an opportunity to discuss 2 circumstances in which Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) methodologies might be utilized in the future to provide decision-support information for substances used in food-contact articles. RP US FDA, HFS-226, ROOM 1228 VERMONT AVE FACIL, 200 C ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03364-Q PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600018 PM 7570649 ER PT J AU ALVING, BM WEINSTEIN, MJ FINLAYSON, JS MENITOVE, JE FRATANTONI, JC AF ALVING, BM WEINSTEIN, MJ FINLAYSON, JS MENITOVE, JE FRATANTONI, JC TI FIBRIN SEALANT - SUMMARY OF A CONFERENCE ON CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL USES SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOPICAL BOVINE THROMBIN; FACTOR-V; CARDIAC OPERATIONS; GLUE; ANTIBODIES; PREVENTION; ADHESIVE; SURGERY C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,HEMOSTASIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,BETHESDA,MD. UNIV CINCINNATI,HOXWOTH BLOOD CTR,CINCINNATI,OH. RP ALVING, BM (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,6800 GEORGIA AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 23 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1995 VL 35 IS 9 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35996029166.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA RW513 UT WOS:A1995RW51300015 PM 7570942 ER PT J AU ZHAN, DJ HERRENOSAENZ, D CHIU, LH VONTUNGELN, LS WU, YS LEWTAS, J FU, PP AF ZHAN, DJ HERRENOSAENZ, D CHIU, LH VONTUNGELN, LS WU, YS LEWTAS, J FU, PP TI SEPARATION OF P-32 LABELED 3',5'-BISPHOSPHATE NUCLEOTIDES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON ANTI-DIOL-EPOXIDES AND DERIVATIVES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; DNA ADDUCTS; LIVER-MICROSOMES; REVERSED-PHASE; BENZOPYRENE; METABOLISM; 7-METHYLBENZOPYRENE; 1-NITROBENZOPYRENE; SENSITIVITY; ASSAY AB P-32-Postlabeling-HPLC is a highly sensitive analytical method for identification of chemical-modified DNA adducts isolated from samples obtained from experimental animals or humans exposed to carcinogenic chemicals. To determine optimal P-32-postlabeling-HPLC conditions for efficient separation, we report here the use of ten diol-epoxide-modified 3',5'-bisphosphate deoxynucleotides derived from benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), nitrated BaP, and related compounds. After testing ODS-modified, C-4-modified, phenyl-modified, diphenyl-modified, and cyclodextrin-bonded reversed-phase HPLC columns, we found that the Vydac diphenyl-modified column can efficiently separate these 3',5'-bisphosphate deoxynucleotides. The results suggest that P-32-postlabeling-HPLC is a potentially useful methodology for detecting environmental carcinogens that can be metabolized to diol-epoxides. The relationships between the structures of anti-diol-epoxides and HPLC retention order are also discussed. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. HUNGKUNG JR COLL NURSING & MED TECHNOL,DEPT IND HYG,TAICHUNG,TAIWAN. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 25 PY 1995 VL 710 IS 1 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00290-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RU449 UT WOS:A1995RU44900014 ER PT J AU MOTISE, P AF MOTISE, P TI UPDATE ON ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES AND RECORDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 6 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600925 ER PT J AU CONTEL, ED SHEN, CY PERSCHBACHER, PW MILLER, DW AF CONTEL, ED SHEN, CY PERSCHBACHER, PW MILLER, DW TI DETERMINATION OF OFF-FLAVORS IN CATFISH TISSUE BY MICROWAVE-ASSISTED DISTILLATION SOLID-PHASE ADSORBENT TRAPPING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS,PINE BLUFF,AR 71601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 13 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600013 ER PT J AU FELLER, SE AF FELLER, SE TI SURFACE-TENSION AREA ISOTHERMS OF A DPPC BILAYER AND MONOLAYER FROM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS COMPUTER-SIMULATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 19 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601065 ER PT J AU PORTZ, BS FAUL, KC THOMAS, TL CUTTING, JH PENSONEAU, JC HUMMER, WK AF PORTZ, BS FAUL, KC THOMAS, TL CUTTING, JH PENSONEAU, JC HUMMER, WK TI ANALYTICAL COMPARISON OF EPHEDRINES IN NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AND HERBAL PREPARATIONS BY CE, HPLC, GC/FID AND GC/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,DENVER FED CTR,GEN CHEM SECT,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 67 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600415 ER PT J AU COLLANTES, ER DUTA, RA WELSH, WJ AF COLLANTES, ER DUTA, RA WELSH, WJ TI CLASSIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL SAMPLES OF L-TRYPTOPHAN USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND OTHER CHEMOMETRIC TECHNIQUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,ST LOUIS,MO 63101. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 71 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601346 ER PT J AU MILLER, DW TAKENAKA, NE CONTE, ED FREEMAN, JP HEINZE, TM NOONAN, J AF MILLER, DW TAKENAKA, NE CONTE, ED FREEMAN, JP HEINZE, TM NOONAN, J TI A SIMPLE MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL VOLATILE BASES AS A MEASURE OF SEAFOOD QUALITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ORA,WEAC,WORBUN,MA. US FDA,NCTR,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 74 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600073 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LS SENTHIL, KR HLYWKA, JJ BULLERMAN, LB AF JACKSON, LS SENTHIL, KR HLYWKA, JJ BULLERMAN, LB TI EFFECTS OF TIME, TEMPERATURE AND PH ON THE STABILITY OF FUMONISIN-B(2) IN AN AQUEOUS MODEL SYSTEM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501. IIT,NCFST,SUMMIT ARGO,IL 60501. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 84 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25600083 ER PT J AU PAQUETTE, KE HELZ, GR AF PAQUETTE, KE HELZ, GR TI MERCURY-SULFIDE, POLYSULFIDE SPECIATION (MSPS) MODEL - A NEW, EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED MODEL OF CINNABAR (RED HGS) SOLUBILITY IN SULFIDIC WATERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 91 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601934 ER PT J AU GENDEL, SM AF GENDEL, SM TI THE APPLICATION OF BIOINFORMATICS TO FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,SUMMIT,IL 60501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 137 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601411 ER PT J AU HENRY, SH BOLGER, M AF HENRY, SH BOLGER, M TI TOXICOLOGY AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF CHLORINE AND CHLOROORGANICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 163 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601592 ER PT J AU REZAPKIN, GV NORWOOD, LP TAFFS, RE DRAGUNSKY, EM LEVENBOOK, IS CHUMAKOV, KM AF REZAPKIN, GV NORWOOD, LP TAFFS, RE DRAGUNSKY, EM LEVENBOOK, IS CHUMAKOV, KM TI MICROEVOLUTION OF TYPE-3 SABIN STRAIN OF POLIOVIRUS IN CELL-CULTURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE QUALITY-CONTROL SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE ERROR FREQUENCY; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NONCODING REGION; MUTATIONS; RNA; GENOME; NEUROVIRULENCE; ATTENUATION; ADAPTATION AB Screening for sequence heterogeneities in Sabin Type 3 strains of attenuated poliovirus demonstrated mutations that consistently accumulate to significant levels following 10 passages in cultures of primary African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells or continuous cultures of Vero cells. Fourteen newly identified mutations were quantified by mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage in passages and in batches of commercial vaccines made in AGMK and Vero cells from the Sabin original (SO) seed virus and from a seed virus rederived by RNA plaque purification (RSO or ''Pfizer'' seed). Nine of the 14 mutations were reproducibly observed in more than one series of passages. Although 5 other mutations were observed in only one set of passages each, their content gradually increased to a high percentage, suggesting that all the mutations that we found accumulated consistently. SO-derived samples accumulated more mutations than did RSO-derived ones, and the number of mutations and the rates of their accumulation were higher in Vero than in AGMK cells. While the rates of accumulation of most mutations were higher when passaging was performed at 37 degrees, a U --> C transition at nucleotide 5832 occurred faster at 34 degrees, the temperature used for vaccine production. Analysis of Type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) monopools made by six manufacturers found only 5 of these newly identified mutations in Vaccine batches (nucleotides 3956, 4935, 5357, 5788, and 5832). Some of the mutations were found in trace amounts (less than 0.1%) while others were present at up to 1.8% levels, The pattern of these mutations was characteristic for the type of seed virus and the cell substrate but demonstrated no correlation with results of the monkey neurovirulence test. Therefore the only mutation occurring in Type 3 OPV which contributed to neurovirulence in monkeys was the previously described reversion at nucleotide 472. Quantitation of reversion at nucleotide 472 can be utilized for assessment of acceptability of vaccine lots, while other mutations can be used for monitoring the consistency of vaccine production. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 211 IS 2 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1420 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RQ607 UT WOS:A1995RQ60700003 PM 7645242 ER PT J AU KARLE, JM OLMEDA, R FREEMAN, SG SCHROEDER, AC AF KARLE, JM OLMEDA, R FREEMAN, SG SCHROEDER, AC TI QUANTIFICATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL ENANTIOMER PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF THE CANDIDATE ANTIMALARIAL AGENT N-4-[2,6-DIMETHOXY-4-METHYL-5-[(3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENOXY]-8-QUINOLINYL] -1,4-PENTANEDIAMINE (WR-238,605) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to quantitate the plasma concentrations of the individual enantiomers of a candidate 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agent WR 238,605 (I). The method employed one-step liquid extraction of a 0.5-ml plasma sample followed by direct injection of the extract through a chiral column and detection by fluorescence. Quantification was achieved using an internal standard. The limit of quantification was 10 ng/ml for each enantiomer. The method is sufficiently sensitive to quantitate the plasma concentrations of both enantiomers for 30 days following a single oral dose of 400 mg of the antimalarial agent administered as the racemic succinate salt to healthy human male volunteers. In nearly all samples taken 12 h to 30 days post-dose from three subjects, the difference in the plasma concentrations of the two enantiomers is less than 10%. C1 US FDA,DIV ONCOL & PULM DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP KARLE, JM (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT PHARMACOL,DIV EXPTL THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD AUG 18 PY 1995 VL 670 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00166-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RU444 UT WOS:A1995RU44400007 PM 8548015 ER PT J AU HANSEN, EB DOOLEY, KL THOMPSON, HC AF HANSEN, EB DOOLEY, KL THOMPSON, HC TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS ACONIAZIDE AND ISONIAZID SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Reversed-phase HPLC methods are described for determining the stability and concentration certification of the antituberculosis prodrug aconiazide (ACON) in aqueous dosing solution and for assessing the concentrations of ACON and isoniazid (INH) in plasma from ACON-treated male and female Fischer-344 rats. ACON was analyzed in plasma by direct injection; it was separated on a 250 x 4.6 mm I.D. 5 mu m C-18 column using a 40% aqueous methanol mobile phase containing 5 g/l ammonium formate, and detected at 313 nm. INH was determined in the plasma of treated rats after a two-step precipitation of plasma proteins; it was separated on a 250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D. 5 pm CN column, eluted with 5% aqueous isopropanol containing 5 g/l ammonium formate, and detected with an electrochemical detector at +0.8 V. These methods allow a simple, rapid, and reliable determination of ACON and INH in plasma down to 0.1 mu g/ml. C1 US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV BIOCHEM TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP HANSEN, EB (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV CHEM,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD AUG 18 PY 1995 VL 670 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00176-X PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RU444 UT WOS:A1995RU44400008 PM 8548016 ER PT J AU CALVERT, RJ TASHIRO, Y BUZARD, GS DIWAN, BA WEGHORST, CM AF CALVERT, RJ TASHIRO, Y BUZARD, GS DIWAN, BA WEGHORST, CM TI LACK OF P53 POINT MUTATIONS IN CHEMICALLY-INDUCED MOUSE HEPATOBLASTOMAS - AN END-STAGE, HIGHLY MALIGNANT HEPATOCELLULAR TUMOR SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MICE; P53; LIVER; TUMOR; HEPATOBLASTOMA; SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; N,N-NITROSODIETHYIAMINE; PHENOBARBITAL ID LIVER-TUMORS; N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE; LUNG-TUMORS; GENE; CARCINOMAS; EXPRESSION; PSEUDOGENE; OCCUR AB Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene appears to be an important event in the progression of many types of human neoplasms; however its role in rodent experimental tumorigenesis is controversial. Previous studies have shown that a wide array of chemically induced and spontaneous mouse liver tumors lack p53 mutations within the evolutionarily conserved regions of exons 5-8. However, since p53 inactivation in human neoplasms occurs relatively late in tumor progression, it is possible that the mouse liver tumors evaluated previously were not suitably advanced to incur p53 aberrations. In the present study, we examined an end-stage, highly malignant embryonal mouse liver tumor known as the hepatoblastoma (HB) for p53 mutations utilizing the highly sensitive 'cold' single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. In addition, several of the HBs were examined by direct nucleotide sequencing. No aberrations of the p53 gene were detected within exons 5-8 of any of the 16 HBs examined. These results confirm that the p53 gene plays a minimal role in the development or malignant progression of hepatocellular tumors in mice. C1 US FDA,OFF SPECIAL NUTR,CLIN RES & REVIEW STAFF,LAUREL,MD. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,BIOL CARCINOGENESIS DEV PROGRAM,SAIC FREDERICK,FREDERICK,MD. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,COMPARAT CARCINOGENESIS LAB,FREDERICK,MD. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(95)03884-Y PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RR830 UT WOS:A1995RR83000026 PM 7656227 ER PT J AU MOR, G KLINMAN, DM SHAPIRO, S HAGIWARA, E SEDEGAH, M NORMAN, JA HOFFMAN, SL STEINBERG, AD AF MOR, G KLINMAN, DM SHAPIRO, S HAGIWARA, E SEDEGAH, M NORMAN, JA HOFFMAN, SL STEINBERG, AD TI COMPLEXITY OF THE CYTOKINE AND ANTIBODY-RESPONSE ELICITED BY IMMUNIZING MICE WITH PLASMODIUM-YOELII CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN PLASMID DNA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; B-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; MOUSE MUSCLE; IFN-GAMMA; INVIVO; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB The number, type, and location of cytokine- and Ab-secreting cells activated in mice immunized and boosted with plasmid DNA encoding the circumsporozoite protein of the malarial parasite Plasmodium yoelii (PyCSP) were monitored. The initial humoral response was localized to the draining lymph nodes and was characterized by the production of IgG1 anti-PyCSP Abs and the Th2 cytokine IL-4. In contrast, the secondary response was dominated by lFN-gamma production (a Th1 cytokine) and the secretion of IgG2a anti-PyCSP Abs in the spleen. PyCSP DNA and mRNA were detected only in the quadriceps muscles (sites of plasmid injection), yet these sites lacked either cytokine- or Ab-secreting cells. These findings indicate that circulating lymphocytes encounter plasmid-encoded Ag in the muscle bed, initiate a humoral response in the draining lymph nodes, and then seed distal lymphoid organs. Profound differences were observed between the primary and secondary immune responses induced by plasmid immunization, which may influence vaccine efficacy. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,RETROVIRUS RES LAB,RETROVIRAL IMMUNOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. VICAL INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. MITRE CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22102. NR 43 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 4 BP 2039 EP 2046 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA RN464 UT WOS:A1995RN46400041 PM 7636255 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, LA TEMPLE, R MERKATZ, RB AF SHERMAN, LA TEMPLE, R MERKATZ, RB TI WOMEN IN CLINICAL-TRIALS - AN FDA PERSPECTIVE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US FDA,OFF WOMENS HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,OFF COMMISSIONER,OPERAT OFF,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 11 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5225 BP 793 EP 795 DI 10.1126/science.7638593 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RN650 UT WOS:A1995RN65000031 PM 7638593 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, PL VEDBRAT, SS PIERCE, PF UMANA, WO SHEPHERD, L VERME, DA HIRSCH, RP HELLMAN, KB AF KIMMEL, PL VEDBRAT, SS PIERCE, PF UMANA, WO SHEPHERD, L VERME, DA HIRSCH, RP HELLMAN, KB TI PREVALENCE OF VIREMIA IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH RENAL-DISEASE SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; HIV-INFECTION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RISK; AIDS; GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS; ASSOCIATION; ZIDOVUDINE; CELLS AB Background: The prevalence of viremia and its relationship to the pathogenesis of nephropathy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with renal disease is unknown. To assess the prevalence of plasma viremia in HIV-infected patients with chronic renal disease, we performed a cohort study in two urban university medical centers. Methods: Samples of blood from 11 HIV-infected patients with renal failure who were treated with hemodialysis were analyzed concurrently with control samples from three non-HIV-positive patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. Samples from four HIV-infected patients with chronic renal insufficiency were evaluated concurrently. Thirty-three HIV-infected patients with serum creatinine levels of less than 132 mu mol/L (1.5 mg/dL), and trace or absent dipstick proteinuria served as controls for the population with renal disease, The patients infected with HIV were staged by CD4 cell counts and the presence of opportunistic infections. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma HIV p24 antigenemia by antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of viremia by infection of normal stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures with plasma samples and detection of HIV p24 antigen in culture supernatants. Results: Two of the 11 patients treated with hemodialysis had evidence of HIV p24 antigenemia, while seven of the 11 had evidence of plasma viremia. The proportion of hemodialysis patients with detectable antigenemia and viremia was similar to that in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. A significantly greater proportion of HIV-infected patients with renal disease had plasma viremia and antigenemia, compared with HIV-infected patients without renal disease. In logistic regression analysis, race, CD4 cell count (either on a continuous scale or dichotomized at 0.2X10(9)/L), and treatment with zidovudine were not significantly associated with the presence of plasma viremia, but patient age and the presence of renal disease were factors independently associated with viremia. Conclusions: The similar proportions of HIV-infected patients with viremia in groups of patients with chronic renal insufficiency and with renal disease treated with hemodialysis suggest that dialysis treatment does not increase the prevalence of plasma viremia in HIV-infected patients with renal disease, The similar proportions of HIV-infected hemodialyzed patients and patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma viremia, and the greater prevalence of viremia in patients with renal disease compared with HIV-infected patients without clinical renal disease suggest that plasma viremia and renal dysfunction are related. Whether this represents a cause and effect relationship is unknown. The greater prevalence of viremia in HIV-infected patients with renal disease has implications for the pathogenesis of HIV-related renal diseases and for caregivers in clinical settings and dialysis units. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT HLTH CARE SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. BRATON BIOTECH INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP KIMMEL, PL (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,2150 PENN AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1-RO1-DK 40811]; PHS HHS [223-88-6074] NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 15 BP 1578 EP 1584 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.15.1578 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL485 UT WOS:A1995RL48500003 PM 7618979 ER PT J AU FREYALDENHOVEN, TE ALI, SF HART, RW AF FREYALDENHOVEN, TE ALI, SF HART, RW TI MPTP-INDUCED AND MPP(+)-INDUCED EFFECTS ON BODY-TEMPERATURE EXHIBIT AGE-DEPENDENCE AND STRAIN-DEPENDENCE IN MICE SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MPTP; MPP(+); NEUROTOXICITY; DOPAMINE; BODY TEMPERATURE; DEPRENYL; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN ID 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM ION MPP+; PARKINSONISM-INDUCING NEUROTOXIN; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE MPTP; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; MOUSE-BRAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT-BRAIN; ATP LOSS AB 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is toxic toward the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system of a plethora of species including rodents, nonhuman primates and humans. The present study was designed to evaluate if systemic administration of MPTP or its metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)), has significant effects on body temperature (BT) and whether such effects might play a role in the neurotoxicity. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of either MPTP (50 mg/kg) or MPP(+) (12.5 mg/kg) leads to a decrease in BT in both C57BL/6N (C57) and CD-1 mice. The hypothermia induced by MPTP can be blocked by pretreatment with deprenyl (30 mg/kg, i.p.), an MAO-B inhibitor. However, the hypothermia elicited by MPP(+) is refractive to MAO-B inhibition. These findings suggest that MPP(+) is responsible for the BT reduction and that the primary site of action lies outside the blood-brain barrier. An initial hyperthermic phase in the CD-1 mice, which leads to the induction of heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) throughout the brain, differentiates their response to MPTP from that of C57 mice. This initial hyperthermia appears to be protective since its prevention by dosing at a low ambient temperature enhances striatal dopamine (DA) depletion in CD-1 mice. The temperature effects of both MPTP and MPP(+) also display an age-dependence in the C57 strain of mice, with the magnitude of the effects correlating positively with age. However, profound hypothermia could be induced by MPP(+) in the absence of striatal DA depletion. The latter finding suggests that while a positive correlation was found between age and the magnitude of the hypothermia, DA depletion and hypothermia are not causally related. The apparent protective effect of the initial hyperthermia in the CD-1 strain of mice, however, suggests that BT is an important parameter in the neurotoxicity of MPTP. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROCHEM LAB,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 53 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 688 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00529-Y PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RN965 UT WOS:A1995RN96500020 PM 8542303 ER PT J AU YU, MW FINLAYSON, JS TANKERSLEY, DL AF YU, MW FINLAYSON, JS TANKERSLEY, DL TI HEPATITIS-C VIRUS TRANSMISSION BY INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN - REPLY SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP YU, MW (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF BLOOD RES & REVIEW,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 5 PY 1995 VL 346 IS 8971 BP 374 EP 375 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RM713 UT WOS:A1995RM71300037 ER PT J AU TURNIPSEED, SB ROYBAL, JE RUPP, HS HURLBUT, JA LONG, AR AF TURNIPSEED, SB ROYBAL, JE RUPP, HS HURLBUT, JA LONG, AR TI PARTICLE-BEAM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES - APPLICATION TO CONFIRMATION OF MALACHITE GREEN IN INCURRED CATFISH TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; THERMOSPRAY IONIZATION; GENTIAN-VIOLET; CHICKEN FAT AB Eight triphenylmethane dyes (malachite green, leucomalachite green, gentian violet, leucogentian violet, brilliant green, pentamethyl gentian violet, N',N ''-tetramethyl gentian violet and N',N ''-tetramethyl gentian violet) have been characterized by particle beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The electron ionization spectra obtained of these dyes by this technique exhibit similar fragmentation, with the formation of phenyl and substituted phenyl radicals, and loss of alkyl groups from the amines. It was observed that the six cationic dyes are reduced in the mass spectrometer source to form the corresponding leuco compounds. This technique was evaluated for the confirmation of malachite green and leucomalachite green in incurred catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) muscle tissue. RP TURNIPSEED, SB (reprint author), US FDA,DENVER FED CTR,ANIM DRUGS RES CTR,POB 25087,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 670 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00133-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RP585 UT WOS:A1995RP58500007 PM 7493085 ER PT J AU GUTMAN, SI AF GUTMAN, SI TI FDA ANTIBODY RULES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP GUTMAN, SI (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV CLIN LAB DEVICES,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,2098 GAITHER RD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 4 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 5224 BP 619 EP 620 DI 10.1126/science.7624784 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RM702 UT WOS:A1995RM70200004 PM 7624784 ER PT J AU BURLINGTON, B AF BURLINGTON, B TI USE OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN ASSAYS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP BURLINGTON, B (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 104 IS 2 BP 232 EP 232 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA RN608 UT WOS:A1995RN60800022 ER PT J AU MYERS, MJ FARRELL, DE HENDERSON, M AF MYERS, MJ FARRELL, DE HENDERSON, M TI IN-VITRO MODULATION OF BOVINE BLOOD NEUTROPHILS AND MONONUCLEAR-CELLS BY OXYTETRACYCLINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS; LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; TETRACYCLINES; INTERFERENCE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; ANTIBIOTICS; BIOGENESIS; FEATURES; INVIVO AB The effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on bovine blood mononuclear cells and neutrophil functions was examined in vitro. Neutrophil functions tested include respiratory burst, peroxidase, and antibacterial activities. Neutrophils were treated with OTC (10 to 1,500 mu g/ml) before exposure to either opsonized zymosan or bacteria. A dose-response inhibition of antibacterial activity to high concentrations of OTCe (500 to 1,000 mu g/ml) was observed. Beginning at a concentration of 15 mu g/ml, ore treatment of neutrophil lysates resulted in decreased peroxidase activity. A dose response was not observed. In contrast, respiratory burst, measured by nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, increased after OTC exposure, but only at high concentrations (500 and 1,000 mu g/ml) of OTC. Mitogen-induced proliferation of blood mononuclear cells cocultured with OTC and concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin-P, or pokeweed mitogen was inhibited at an OTC concentration of 100 mu g/ml at 48 and 72 hours of culture. These results indicate that blood mononuclear cells are more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of OTC than are neutrophils. Furthermore, the OTC-mediated inhibition of neutrophil antimicrobial activity is inversely related to the increase in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. This suggests that OTC is uncoupling the hexose monophosphate shunt from production of secreted oxygen radicals. These results also suggest that the peroxidase enzyme system has a large biological reserve capacity. RP MYERS, MJ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR VET MED,ANIM BIOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1011 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RL504 UT WOS:A1995RL50400007 PM 8533970 ER PT J AU MESMER, MZ SATZGER, RD AF MESMER, MZ SATZGER, RD TI DETERMINATION OF BRODIFACOUM IN COMMERCIAL RODENTICIDES BY USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE BRODIFACOUM; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; COMMERCIAL RODENTICIDE AB Consumer samples such as food and drugs contaminated with small amounts of green-coloured particles are frequently submitted to the Forensic Chemistry Center for analysis. Based on the green colour of the contaminant, and the history of the sample, it has been suggested that the particles may be present due to commercially available rodenticides. As the commonly used active Ingredient of such rodenticides is the superwarfarin brodifacoum {3-[3-(4'-bromobiphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-4- hydroxycoumarin), a simple method for the determination of brodifacoum wheat-based commercial rodenticides in samples as small as 2 mg has been developed. A small amount of the green particulate material is sonicated in a methanol-methanoic acid mixture for 15 min and analysed by reversed-phase HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The selective and sensitive nature of the fluorescence detector makes it possible to determine brodifacoum without extensive sample clean-up and preconcentration. The estimated detection limit is 4 pg of brodifacoum injected into the column and recoveries are 86 and 99% for two popular commercial brands. RP MESMER, MZ (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FORENS CHEM,1141 CENT PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45202, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD AUG PY 1995 VL 120 IS 8 BP 2195 EP 2197 DI 10.1039/an9952002195 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RQ974 UT WOS:A1995RQ97400022 ER PT J AU BEARDSLEY, D HOLMAN, S GANTT, R ROBINSON, RA LINDSEY, J BAZARAL, M STEWART, SFC STEVENS, RA AF BEARDSLEY, D HOLMAN, S GANTT, R ROBINSON, RA LINDSEY, J BAZARAL, M STEWART, SFC STEVENS, RA TI TRANSIENT NEUROLOGIC DEFICIT AFTER SPINAL-ANESTHESIA - LOCAL-ANESTHETIC MALDISTRIBUTION WITH PENCIL POINT NEEDLES SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID 2-CHLOROPROCAINE; LIDOCAINE; INJECTION; TOXICITY; INFUSION; NERVE; MODEL AB Recent reports of transient neurologic deficits have raised concern about the potential toxicity of single-dose spinal 5% lidocaine in 7.5% dextrose. Two cases of volunteers who experienced minor local sensory deficits after slow (60 s) injections of 2 mt 5% lidocaine via Whitacre needles are described. One case was a result of a double injection because of a ''failed'' block. It seemed possible that the neurologic deficit in these cases resulted from neurotoxicity associated with maldistribution of local anesthetic. Using an in vitro spinal model, we investigated drug distribution resulting from injections through side-port spinal needles to determine whether the use of these needles could result in high local concentrations of hyperbaric solutions. A spinal canal model was fabricated using human magnetic resonance measurements. The model was placed in a surgical supine position and filled with lactated Ringer's solution to simulate the specific gravity of cerebral spinal fluid at 22 degrees C. A hyperbaric solution of phthalocyanine blue dye and dextrose (SG 1.042), simulating the anesthetic, was injected through three different needles (27-gauge 4 11/16-in. Whitacre, 25-gauge 3 1/2-in. Whitacre, 25-gauge 3 1/2-in. Quincke). Triplicate injections were done at rapid (2 mL/10 s) and slow (2 mL/60 s) rates, with needle side ports oriented in a sacral and cephalad direction. At slow rates of injection, using 27-or 25-gauge sacrally directed Whitacre needles, injections showed evidence of maldistribution with extrapolated peak sacral lidocaine concentrations reaching 2.0%. In contrast, distribution after slow injection through sacrally directed Quincke needles was uniform. At fast injection rates distribution was uniform for both needle types. These findings are similar to results from small-bore catheter injections in similar models with single-dose peak lidocaine concentrations reaching 2.39%. Our data suggest that sacral needle direction and slow rate of injection with Whitacre needles may predispose to potentially neurotoxic concentrations of intrathecal hyperbaric lidocaine. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI, DEPT ANESTHESIOL, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT ANESTHESIOL, BETHESDA, MD USA. LOYOLA UNIV, STRITCH SCH MED, MAYWOOD, IL 60153 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 81 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1097/00000539-199508000-00019 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA RL645 UT WOS:A1995RL64500019 PM 7618722 ER PT J AU ZVILICH, M WILLIAMS, JC WAAG, D RILL, WR MALLI, RJ BELL, P KENDE, M AF ZVILICH, M WILLIAMS, JC WAAG, D RILL, WR MALLI, RJ BELL, P KENDE, M TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NONSPECIFIC HUMORAL AND CELLULAR ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY STIMULATED BY THE CHLOROFORM-METHANOL RESIDUE (CMR) FRACTION OF COXIELLA-BURNETII SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COXIELLA BURNETII; CHLOROFORM METHANOL RESIDUE; IMMUNOMODULATOR; RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS ID PHASE-I; Q-FEVER; SCN MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY; INTERLEUKIN-1; INFECTIONS; VACCINES; THERAPY; SILICA; CELLS AB Modulation of the immune response by the chloroform-methanol residue (CMR) of phase I Coxiella burnetii whole cell was studied in Rift Valley fever virus-infected, or in naive endotoxin-non-responder C3H/HeJ mice. A single dose of CMR completely protected the mice from viral infection. Treating virus-infected mice with antibodies directed against interferons alpha/beta (IFN-alpha beta) and gamma (IFN-gamma) eliminated the CMR-induced protection. CMR stimulated the production of high levels of IFN-alpha/beta and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activities in sera of the CMR-treated mice. IFN-gamma was present in supernatants of cultured spleen cells of CMR-treated, virus-infected mice, but not in their serum. Priming mice with CMR optimized the release of INF-gamma, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-6 from splenocytes in vitro. When stimulated in vitro, IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF) did not require in vivo priming for release from cultured spleen cells. Fluorescence-assisted cytometry of CMR-treated mouse spleen cells showed there was a CMR-dependent increase in the percentage of T-cells and Ia-positive T-cells. There also was a biphasic increase in the ratio between T-h (L3T4) and T-s (Lyt2) cells. Biological activities stimulated by CMR indicate that CMR is a potent immunostimulant, which may modulate specific and non-specific antiviral responses. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT CLIN IMMUNOL,DIV APPL RES,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNOL,DIV BACTERIOL,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VACCINES & RELATED PROD APPLICAT,OFF VACCINE RES & REVIEW,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1016/0166-3542(95)00022-E PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA RQ383 UT WOS:A1995RQ38300006 PM 8540758 ER PT J AU LEE, YJ SHACTER, E AF LEE, YJ SHACTER, E TI ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES IN OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION OF FIBRINOGEN AND OTHER PLASMA-PROTEINS SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-CATALYZED OXIDATION; AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; CALCIUM-BINDING; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; OXYGEN RADICALS; SITE; DAMAGE; GLYCOPROTEINS; INACTIVATION AB Oxidative stress is related to the mechanisms of oncogenesis, cell death, and the pathogenesis of many human diseases, Proteins are important targets for oxidative modification, and a Western blot assay that can identify individual oxidized proteins in whole tissue extracts has been described. Using that assay, it was found that plasma proteins show different susceptibilities to oxidative modification. Here, we examine the possibility that the carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins may contribute to the assessment of protein oxidation by carbonyl assays, We used fibrinogen as a model because it is highly susceptible to oxidative modification and contains subunits that are differentially glycosylated. When oxidation-induced carbonyls were measured in fibrinogen subunits by Western blot immunoassay, it was found that the A alpha-chains, which contain no associated carbohydrate groups, were most highly oxidized while the B beta- and gamma-chains, which are glycosylated, were oxidized far less, However, no major difference in the oxidation pattern was obtained when fibrinogen was deglycosylated prior to or after exposure to oxidants. This argues against a possible protective role of the carbohydrate moieties in oxidation of the different fibrinogen subunits. Similar results were obtained with purified human immunoglobulin G and transferrin as well as whole plasma. The results show that carbohydrate moieties are not good targets for oxidative attack by metal-catalyzed oxidation systems. Oxidant-induced carbonyl formation in glycoproteins derives largely, if not entirely, from amino acid oxidation and not from oxidation of carbohydrate groups, (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 68 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 321 IS 1 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1383 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RN517 UT WOS:A1995RN51700024 PM 7639518 ER PT J AU KREITMAN, RJ PURI, RK PASTAN, I AF KREITMAN, RJ PURI, RK PASTAN, I TI INCREASED ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY OF A CIRCULARLY PERMUTED INTERLEUKIN 4-TOXIN IN MICE INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR-BEARING HUMAN CARCINOMA SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHASE-I TRIAL; 3-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTION STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-4; SINGLE-CHAIN IMMUNOTOXIN; FUSION TOXIN DAB486IL-2; CELL LEUKEMIA-CELLS; PSEUDOMONAS EXOTOXIN; ANTI-B4-BLOCKED RICIN; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN AB We reported previously that circularly permuted interleukin-4 (IL4), composed of amino acids 38-129 of IL4 connected by a linker peptide GGNGG to amino acids 1-37, is preferable to native IL4 for fusing to the amino terminus of truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) to make a recombinant toxin, because the new ligand-toxin junction results in improved IL4 receptor (IL4R)-binding (R. J. Kreitman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 6889-6893, 1994). We now report that the improved binding of circularly permuted IL4-toxin is associated with improved antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice. For in vivo testing, we made an improved circularly permuted IL4-toxin, termed IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL. It contains an N38D mutation at the amino terminus, allowing improved expression and large-scale production in Escherichia call. It also contains the truncated toxin PE38KDEL, which is composed of amino acids 253-364 and 381-608 of PE, followed by KDEL. To evaluate antitumor activity, nude mice carrying s.c. tumors composed of IL4R-bearing human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were injected with recombinant toxins i.v. every other day for three doses. IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL induced complete remissions in 80% of mice receiving 50 mu g/kg x 3 and 100% of mice receiving 100 mu g/kg x 3, while only 70% of mice receiving 200 mu g/kg x 3 of the native IL4-toxin IL4-PE38KDEL obtained complete remission. Disease-free survival after obtaining complete remissions was higher in mice treated with IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL 50 mu g/Kg QOD x 3 than with IL4-PE38KDEL 200 mu g/Kg QOD x 3 (P < 0.03). IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL and IL4-PE38KDEL exhibited similar toxicity and pharmacokinetics in the mice, indicating that the improved antitumor activity of the circularly permuted IL4-toxin was due to its improved binding to the IL4R on the target cells. C1 NCI,DIV CANC BIOL DIAG & CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELLULAR GENE THERAPIES,MOLEC TUMOR BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 54 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 15 BP 3357 EP 3363 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RL493 UT WOS:A1995RL49300023 PM 7614471 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM SPERLING, R BAKER, SA TRAPNELL, CB FREEDBERG, KA COTTON, D POWDERLY, WG JAFFE, HW LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, J BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BEUHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM SPERLING, R BAKER, SA TRAPNELL, CB FREEDBERG, KA COTTON, D POWDERLY, WG JAFFE, HW LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, J BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BEUHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C TI USPHS/IDSA GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - AN OVERVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECOMMENDATIONS; CONSEQUENCES; TUBERCULOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; PREGNANCY; THERAPY; PEOPLE; TYPE-1; DRUGS; WOMEN C1 NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER ASSOC PHYSICIANS HUMAN RIGHTS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER FDN AIDS RES, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLGISTS, ATLANTA, GA USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, HALIFAX, NS, CANADA. DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, NEW YORK, NY USA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES, ATLANTA, GA USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA USA. HOWARD UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MINNESOTA DEPT PUBL HLTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. MT AUBURN HOSP, CAMBRIDGE, MA USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, ST LOUIS, MO USA. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP G-29, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S12 EP S31 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600002 PM 8547500 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E FREEDBERG, KA MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, F BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BUEHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M TRAPNELL, CB BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W COTTON, D GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISSON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M SPERLING, R AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E FREEDBERG, KA MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, F BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BUEHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M TRAPNELL, CB BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W COTTON, D GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISSON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M SPERLING, R AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C TI USPHS/IDSA GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - DISEASE-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER ASSOC PHYSICIANS HUMAN RIGHTS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER FDN AIDS RES, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, ATLANTA, GA USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, HALIFAX, NS B3H 3J5, CANADA. DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC 27706 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, NEW YORK, NY USA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES, ATLANTA, GA USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA USA. HOWARD UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. MINNESOTA DEPT PUBL HLTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. MT AUBURN HOSP, CAMBRIDGE, MA USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. UNIV SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94117 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP G-29, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S32 EP S43 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600003 ER EF