FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Makris, SL AF Makris, Susan L. TI Current Assessment of the Effects of Environmental Chemicals on the Mammary Gland in Guideline Rodent Studies by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and National Toxicology Program (NTP) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE carcinogenicity study; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; extended one-generation reproduction study; mammary gland; perinatal exposure; risk assessment; subchronic toxicity study; toxicity testing guidelines; two-generation reproduction study AB BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the structural and/or functional integrity of the mammary gland (MG) across life stages is integral to the assessment of developmental, reproductive, and carcinogenic risk for environmental chemicals. OBJECTIVES: In this commentary I characterize MG assessment recommended in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and National Toxicology Program guideline toxicology study protocols and identify any information gaps for the evaluation of MG development, structure, and function. DISCUSSION: Several data gaps, issues, and challenges were identified. Current guidelines that include a lactation phase do not provide specific recommendations to record observations on maternal or offspring lactation or nursing behavior. In guideline studies, the assessment of MG toxicity often relies upon indirect, non specific, or surrogate end points, and information that could be useful in the interpretation of these data (e.g., mode of action or toxicokinetics) is often unavailable. Most guideline studies designed to assess general organ toxicity do not expose test animals during sensitive stages of MG development; histopathological evaluation of the developing MG is not routinely conducted; and evaluation of MG tissue for both sexes is inconsistently recommended. CONCLUSIONS: I propose the following general recommendations to enhance MG assessment in guideline toxicology studies: a) inclusion of more specific criteria for the evaluation of MG end points in guideline language, b) inclusion of histopathological evaluation of MG development (using whole-mount techniques) in existing or new guideline protocols that include offspring with perinatal and/or pubertal treatment, c) incorporation of peri natal exposures into rodent subchronic and carcinogenicity assays, and d) expansion of the histo pathological evaluation of male MG tissue. C1 US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Makris, SL (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Mailcode 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM makris.susan@epa.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1047 EP 1052 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002676 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 801MU UT WOS:000293444300019 PM 21118785 ER PT J AU Rudel, RA Fenton, SE Ackerman, JM Euling, SY Makris, SL AF Rudel, Ruthann A. Fenton, Suzanne E. Ackerman, Janet M. Euling, Susan Y. Makris, Susan L. TI Environmental Exposures and Mammary Gland Development: State of the Science, Public Health Implications, and Research Recommendations SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; carcinogen susceptibility; development; endocrine disruptors; human health; lactation; mammary gland; risk assessment; rodent model; whole mount ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DES; HUMAN-MILK; IN-UTERO; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE AB OBJECTIVES: Perturbations in mammary gland (MG) development may increase risk for later adverse effects, including lactation impairment, gynecomastia (in males), and breast cancer. Animal studies indicate that exposure to hormonally active agents leads to this type of develop mental effect and related later life susceptibilities. In this review we describe current science, public health issues, and research recommendations for evaluating MG development. DATA SOURCES: The Mammary Gland Evaluation and Risk Assessment Workshop was convened in Oakland, California, USA, 16-17 November 2009, to integrate the expertise and perspectives of scientists, risk assessors, and public health advocates. Interviews were conducted with 18 experts, and seven laboratories conducted an MG slide evaluation exercise. Workshop participants discussed effects of gestational and early life exposures to hormonally active agents on MG development, the relationship of these develop mental effects to lactation and cancer, the relative sensitivity of MG and other develop mental end points, the relevance of animal models to humans, and methods for evaluating MG effects. SYNTHESIS: Normal MG development and MG carcinogenesis demonstrate temporal, morphological, and mechanistic similarities among test animal species and humans. Diverse chemicals, including many not considered primarily estrogenic, alter MG development in rodents. Inconsistent reporting methods hinder comparison across studies, and relationships between altered development and effects on lactation or carcinogenesis are still being defined. In some studies, altered MG development is the most sensitive endocrine end point. CONCLUSIONS: Early life environmental exposures can alter MG development, disrupt lactation, and increase susceptibility to breast cancer. Assessment of MG development should be incorporated in chemical test guidelines and risk assessment. C1 [Rudel, Ruthann A.; Ackerman, Janet M.] Silent Spring Inst, Newton, MA 02458 USA. [Fenton, Suzanne E.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Euling, Susan Y.; Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rudel, RA (reprint author), Silent Spring Inst, 29 Crafts St, Newton, MA 02458 USA. EM rudel@silentspring.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); National Toxicology Program (NTP); Silent Spring Institute FX This workshop was supported by the California Breast Cancer Research Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Toxicology Program (NTP), and Silent Spring Institute. NR 112 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1053 EP 1061 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002864 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 801MU UT WOS:000293444300020 PM 21697028 ER PT J AU White, SS Stanko, JP Kato, K Calafat, AM Hines, EP Fenton, SE AF White, Sally S. Stanko, Jason P. Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Hines, Erin P. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Gestational and Chronic Low-Dose PFOA Exposures and Mammary Gland Growth and Differentiation in Three Generations of CD-1 Mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE delayed development; fetal origins of adult disease; lactation; mammary gland; multigenerational; perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CROSS-FOSTER; MOUSE; PREGNANCY; C57BL/6; SERUM AB BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a ubiquitous industrial surfactant, has been reported to delay mammary gland development in female mouse offspring (F(1)) and the treated lactating dam (P(0)) after gestational treatments at 3 and 5 mg PFOA/kg/day. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the consequences of gestational and chronic PFOA exposure on F(1) lactational function and subsequent development of F(2) offspring. METHODS: We treated P(0) dams with 0, 1, or 5 mg PFOA/kg/day on gestation days 1-17. In addition, a second group of P(0) dams treated with 0 or 1 mg/kg/day during gestation and their F(1) and F(2) offspring received continuous PFOA exposure (5 ppb) in drinking water. Resulting adult F(1) females were bred to generate F(2) offspring, whose development was monitored over post natal days (PNDs) 1-63. F(1) gland function was assessed on PND10 by timed-lactation experiments. Mammary tissue was isolated from P(0), F(1), and F(2) females throughout the study and histologically assessed for age-appropriate development. RESULTS: PFOA-exposed F(1) dams exhibited diminished lactational morphology, although F(1) maternal behavior and F(2) offspring body weights were not significantly affected by P(0) treatment. In addition to reduced gland development in F(1) females under all exposures, F(2) females with chronic low-dose drinking-water exposures exhibited visibly slowed mammary gland differentiation from weaning onward. F(2) females derived from 5 mg/kg PFOA-treated P(0) dams displayed gland morphology similar to F(2) chronic water exposure groups on PNDs 22-63. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational PFOA exposure induced delays in mammary gland development and/or lactational differentiation across three generations. Chronic, low-dose PFOA exposure in drinking water was also sufficient to alter mammary morphological development in mice, at concentrations approximating those found in contaminated human water supplies. C1 [White, Sally S.; Stanko, Jason P.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kato, Kayoko; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hines, Erin P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), POB 12233,Mail Drop E1-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fentonse@niehs.nih.gov OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 FU U.S. EPA; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-University of North Carolina with the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill [T829472, CR833237]; NTP [HHSN27300239] FX S.S.W. was supported by U.S. EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-University of North Carolina Toxicology Curriculum Cooperative Training Agreements (T829472 and CR833237) with the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and NTP contract HHSN27300239. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1070 EP 1076 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002741 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 801MU UT WOS:000293444300022 PM 21501981 ER PT J AU Huang, RL Xia, MH Cho, MH Sakamuru, S Shinn, P Houck, KA Dix, DJ Judson, RS Witt, KL Kavlock, RJ Tice, RR Austin, CP AF Huang, Ruili Xia, Menghang Cho, Ming-Hsuang Sakamuru, Srilatha Shinn, Paul Houck, Keith A. Dix, David J. Judson, Richard S. Witt, Kristine L. Kavlock, Robert J. Tice, Raymond R. Austin, Christopher P. TI Chemical Genomics Profiling of Environmental Chemical Modulation of Human Nuclear Receptors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE assay performance; chemical genomics; cytotoxicity; nuclear receptors; qHTS; Tox21 ID IN-VITRO; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; TOXICITY; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; HEALTH; ASSAYS; SUPERFAMILY; ANTAGONISM; EVOLUTION AB BACKGROUND: The large and increasing number of chemicals released into the environment demands more efficient and cost-effective approaches for assessing environmental chemical toxicity. The U.S. Tox21 program has responded to this challenge by proposing alternative strategies for toxicity testing, among which the quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) paradigm has been adopted as the primary tool for generating data from screening large chemical libraries using a wide spectrum of assays. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop methods to evaluate the data generated from these assays to guide future assay selection and prioritization for the Tox21 program. METHODS: We examined the data from the Tox21 pilot-phase collection of approximately 3,000 environmental chemicals profiled in qHTS format against a panel of 10 human nuclear receptors (AR, ER alpha, FXR, GR, LXR beta, PPAR gamma, PPAR delta, RXR alpha, TR beta, and VDR) for reproducibility, concordance of biological activity profiles with sequence homology of the receptor ligand binding domains, and structure-activity relationships. RESULTS: We determined the assays to be appropriate in terms of biological relevance. We found better concordance for replicate compounds for the agonist-mode than for the antagonist-mode assays, likely due to interference of cytotoxicity in the latter assays. This exercise also enabled us to formulate data-driven strategies for discriminating true signals from artifacts, and to prioritize assays based on data quality. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the feasibility of qHTS to identify the potential for environmentally relevant chemicals to interact with key toxicity pathways related to human disease induction. C1 [Huang, Ruili; Xia, Menghang; Cho, Ming-Hsuang; Sakamuru, Srilatha; Shinn, Paul; Austin, Christopher P.] NIH, Chem Genom Ctr, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Houck, Keith A.; Dix, David J.; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Witt, Kristine L.; Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Huang, RL (reprint author), NIH, Chem Genom Ctr, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM huangru@mail.nih.gov OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 FU Intramural Research Programs of the National Toxicology Program; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Toxicology Program, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health. NR 41 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 31 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1142 EP 1148 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002952 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 801MU UT WOS:000293444300033 PM 21543282 ER PT J AU Levesque, S Taetzsch, T Lull, ME Kodavanti, U Stadler, K Wagner, A Johnson, JA Duke, L Kodavanti, P Surace, MJ Block, ML AF Levesque, Shannon Taetzsch, Thomas Lull, Melinda E. Kodavanti, Urmila Stadler, Krisztian Wagner, Alison Johnson, Jo Anne Duke, Laura Kodavanti, Prasada Surace, Michael J. Block, Michelle L. TI Diesel Exhaust Activates and Primes Microglia: Air Pollution, Neuroinflammation, and Regulation of Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; brain; microglia; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NADPH OXIDASE; NEURON LOSS; RAT-BRAIN; PARTICLES AB BACKGROUND: Air pollution is linked to central nervous system disease, but the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Here, we sought to address the brain-region-specific effects of diesel exhaust (DE) and key cellular mechanisms underlying DE-induced microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity. METHODS: Rats were exposed to DE (2.0, 0.5, and 0 mg/m(3)) by inhalation over 4 weeks or as a single intratracheal administration of DE particles (DEP; 20 mg/kg). Primary neuron-glia cultures and the HAPI (highly aggressively proliferating immortalized) microglial cell line were used to explore cellular mechanisms. RESULTS: Rats exposed to DE by inhalation demonstrated elevated levels of whole-brain IL-6 (interleukin-6) protein, nitrated proteins, and IBA-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) protein (microglial marker), indicating generalized neuro inflammation. Analysis by brain region revealed that DE increased TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-6, MIP-1 alpha (macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha) RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), fractalkine, and the IBA-1 microglial marker in most regions tested, with the midbrain showing the greatest DE response. Intratracheal administration of DEP increased microglial IBA-1 staining in the substantia nigra and elevated both serum and whole-brain TNF alpha at 6 hr post treatment. Although DEP alone failed to cause the production of cytokines and chemokines, DEP (5 mu g/mL) pretreatment followed by lipopolysaccharide (2.5 ng/mL) in vitro synergistically amplified nitric oxide production, TNF alpha release, and DA neurotoxicity. Pretreatment with fractalkine (50 pg/mL) in vitro ameliorated DEP (50 mu g/mL)-induced microglial hydrogen peroxide production and DA neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings reveal complex, interacting mechanisms responsible for how air pollution may cause neuroinflammation and DA neurotoxicity. C1 [Levesque, Shannon; Taetzsch, Thomas; Lull, Melinda E.; Wagner, Alison; Duke, Laura; Surace, Michael J.; Block, Michelle L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Kodavanti, Urmila] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stadler, Krisztian] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Oxidat Stress & Dis Lab, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Johnson, Jo Anne] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kodavanti, Prasada] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Block, ML (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM MBlock@vcu.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health [R01ES016591] FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health (R01ES016591). NR 45 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1149 EP 1155 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002986 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 801MU UT WOS:000293444300034 PM 21561831 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Schulte, PA Sorahan, T Caldwell, J Straif, K Ward, E AF Kuempel, Eileen D. Schulte, Paul A. Sorahan, Thomas Caldwell, Jane Straif, Kurt Ward, Elizabeth TI Carbon Black: Kuempel et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID LUNG INFLAMMATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; EXPOSURE; EXHAUST; RATS; MICE C1 [Kuempel, Eileen D.; Schulte, Paul A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Sorahan, Thomas] Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat & Environm Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Caldwell, Jane] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Straif, Kurt] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Ward, Elizabeth] Amer Canc Soc Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ekuempel@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP A333 EP A334 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103444R PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 801MU UT WOS:000293444300009 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Teng, Q Zhong, RQ Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Teng, Quincy Zhong, Ruiqin Ye, Zheng-Hua TI The Four Arabidopsis REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION Genes are Expressed in Secondary Wall-Containing Cells and Required for the Acetylation of Xylan SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylation; Acetyltransferase; Arabidopsis; Secondary wall; Xylan; Xylan biosynthesis ID GLUCURONOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; O-ACETYLATION; END-GROUPS; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; POPLAR; REVEALS; MUTANT; ARABIDOPSIS-IRREGULAR-XYLEM8; ARABIDOPSIS-FRAGILE-FIBER8; IRREGULAR-XYLEM9 AB Xylan is one of the major polysaccharides in cellulosic biomass, and understanding the mechanisms underlying xylan biosynthesis will potentially help us design strategies to produce cellulosic biomass better suited for biofuel production. Although a number of genes have been shown to be essential for xylan biosynthesis, genes involved in the acetylation of xylan have not yet been identified. Here, we report the comprehensive genetic and functional studies of four Arabidopsis REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION (RWA) genes and demonstrate their involvement in the acetylation of xylan during secondary wall biosynthesis. It was found that the RWA genes were expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening and their expression was regulated by SND1, a transcriptional master switch of secondary wall biosynthesis. The RWA proteins were shown to be localized in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. Analyses of a suite of single, double, triple and quadruple rwa mutants revealed a significant reduction in the secondary wall thickening and the stem mechanical strength in the quadruple rwa1/2/3/4 mutant but not in other mutants. Further chemical and structural analyses of xylan demonstrated that the rwa1/2/3/4 mutations resulted in a reduction in the amount of acetyl groups on xylan. In addition, the ratio of non-methylated to methylated glucuronic acid side chains was altered in the rwa1/2/3/4 mutant. Together, our results demonstrate that the four Arabidopsis RWA genes function redundantly in the acetylation of xylan during secondary wall biosynthesis. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Teng, Quincy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu FU US Department of Energy-Bioscience Division [DE-FG02-03ER15415] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy-Bioscience Division [grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15415]. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1289 EP 1301 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcr075 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 807RJ UT WOS:000293917100003 PM 21673009 ER PT J AU Ihlaseh, SM Bailey, KA Hester, SD Jones, C Ren, HZ Cardoso, APF Oliveira, MLCS Wolf, DC de Camargo, JLV AF Ihlaseh, Shadia M. Bailey, Kathryn A. Hester, Susan D. Jones, Carlton Ren, Hongzu Cardoso, Ana Paula F. Oliveira, Maria Luiza C. S. Wolf, Douglas C. de Camargo, Joao Lauro V. TI Transcriptional Profile of Diuron-Induced Toxicity on the Urinary Bladder of Male Wistar Rats to Inform Mode of Action SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diuron; urinary bladder; carcinogenesis; gene expression profiling; microarray analysis ID GENE-EXPRESSION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CANCER; IDENTIFICATION; CARCINOGENESIS; TRANSFORMATION; TUMORS; LIVER AB Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide that induces rat urinary bladder urothelial tumors at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). The specific mode of action and molecular alterations triggered by diuron, however, have not been clarified. The present study evaluated the dose-dependent effects of mucosal alterations and transcriptional changes in the urinary bladder of rats exposed to diuron. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were treated with 0, 60, 125, 1250, and 2500 ppm of diuron in the diet for 20 weeks. Histologic examination showed urothelial hyperplasia present in rats treated with either 1250 or 2500 ppm of diuron but not 60 or 125 ppm. Comprehensive gene expression analyses of urothelial cell RNA were conducted using Affymetrix microarrays. The numbers of differentially expressed transcripts between each treatment group and control increased with diuron dose. Based on similar histology and gene expression responses, the treatment groups were regrouped into a high-dose (1250 and 2500 ppm) and low-dose group (60 and 125 ppm). These data suggest that persistent exposure to high dietary concentrations of diuron induces oxidative stress, increases cellular metabolism, and enhances cell death that is associated with sustained urothelial hyperplasia. C1 [Ihlaseh, Shadia M.; Cardoso, Ana Paula F.; Oliveira, Maria Luiza C. S.; de Camargo, Joao Lauro V.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Pathol, Botucatu Med Sch, Ctr Evaluat Environm Impact Human Hlth TOXICAM, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Bailey, Kathryn A.] UNC Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27559 USA. [Hester, Susan D.; Jones, Carlton; Ren, Hongzu; Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP de Camargo, JLV (reprint author), UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Pathol, Botucatu Med Sch, Ctr Evaluat Environm Impact Human Hlth TOXICAM, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM decam@fmb.unesp.br OI Camargo, Joao Lauro Viana de/0000-0003-3833-4172 FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [06/60506-1, 08/55644-1, 09/02754-7]; Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM); USEPA FX Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 06/60506-1; 08/55644-1; 09/02754-7); Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM); USEPA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 122 IS 2 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr108 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 807QJ UT WOS:000293914500009 PM 21551480 ER PT J AU Waits, ER Nebert, DW AF Waits, Eric R. Nebert, Daniel W. TI Genetic Architecture of Susceptibility to PCB126-Induced Developmental Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxin; heart; development; quantitative trait loci; genetic susceptibility; aryl hydrocarbon receptor ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; EXPOSURE DISRUPTS; ATLANTIC TOMCOD; DIOXIN EXPOSURE; HUDSON RIVER; STEM-CELLS; TROPONIN-T AB Variability in risk of developmental defects caused by dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) has been demonstrated within and among several vertebrate species. Beyond our knowledge of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its role in mediating toxicity for this class of compounds, little else is known concerning precise downstream targets influencing this vulnerability. In the present study, zebrafish with divergent genetic backgrounds were screened for susceptibility to developmental cardiotoxicity caused by the prototypical DLC, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126); a range up to similar to 40-fold differences was observed. Differentially sensitive zebrafish were chosen for a genetic cross, and the recombinant generation was used for genome-wide quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Multiple QTLs were identified--several acting alone, one additively, and two others via epistatic interaction. Together, these QTLs account for 24% of the phenotypic variance observed in cardioteratogenicity resulting from PCB126 exposure (logarithm of the odds = 13.55, p = 1.89 x 10(-10)). Candidate genes in these QTL regions include the following: ahr2, bcor, and capn1 (Chr 22); e2f1 and pdyn (Chr 23); ctnnt2, plcg1, eno3, tgm1, and tgm2 (interacting on Chr 23); and vezf1 (Chr 15). These data demonstrate that DLC-induced cardiac teratogenicity is a multifactorial complex trait influenced by gene x gene and gene x environment interactions. The identified QTLs harbor many DLC-responsive genes critical to cardiovascular development and provide insight into the genetic basis of susceptibility to AHR-mediated developmental toxicity. C1 [Waits, Eric R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Waits, Eric R.; Nebert, Daniel W.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Ctr Environm Genet, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Waits, ER (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM waits.eric@epa.gov FU National Exposure Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institutes of Health [R01 ES014403, P30 ES06096] FX National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and, in part, by the National Institutes of Health (R01 ES014403 and P30 ES06096 to D.W.N.). NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 122 IS 2 BP 466 EP 475 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr136 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 807QJ UT WOS:000293914500022 PM 21613231 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Driscoll, CT Stoddard, JL Richer, EE AF Baron, Jill S. Driscoll, Charles T. Stoddard, John L. Richer, Eric E. TI Empirical Critical Loads of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition for Nutrient Enrichment and Acidification of Sensitive US Lakes SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; critical load; lakes; nutrient enrichment; acidification ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; MOUNTAIN LAKES; FRESH-WATERS; ALPINE LAKES; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; SMALL STREAMS; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEMS AB The ecological effects of elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on high-elevation lakes of the western and northeastern United States include nutrient enrichment and acidification. The nutrient enrichment critical load for western lakes ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 kilograms (kg) of N per hectare (ha) per year, reflecting the nearly nonexistent watershed vegetation in complex, snowmelt-dominated terrain. The nutrient enrichment critical load for northeastern lakes ranged from 3.5 to 6.0 kg N per ha per year. The N acidification critical loads associated with episodic N pulses in waters with low values of acid neutralizing capacity were 4.0 kg N per ha per year (western) and 8.0 kg N per ha per year (northeastern). The empirical critical loads for N-caused acidification were difficult to determine because of a lack of observations in the West, and high sulfur deposition in the East. For both nutrient enrichment and acidification, the N critical load was a function of how atmospheric N deposition was determined. C1 [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jill@nrel.colostate.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service; US Environmental Protection Agency FX Many thanks to Linda Pardo for her support and leadership and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency for their financial support in the critical loads monograph for the United States. Jill Oropeza helped compile information for this paper. Comments from anonymous reviewers were very helpful. This is a product of the US Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative. NR 58 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 602 EP 613 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.8.6 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 806JQ UT WOS:000293804100008 ER PT J AU Ahmad, M Simon, MA Sherrin, A Tuccillo, ME Ullman, JL Teel, AL Watts, RJ AF Ahmad, Mushtaque Simon, Michelle A. Sherrin, Alex Tuccillo, Mary Ellen Ullman, Jeffrey L. Teel, Amy L. Watts, Richard J. TI Treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls in two surface soils using catalyzed H2O2 propagations SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls; Catalyzed H2O2 propagations (CHP); Fenton's reagent; In situ chemical oxidation; Ex situ soil treatment ID MODIFIED FENTONS REAGENT; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; ENHANCED DESORPTION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; DEGRADATION; DESTRUCTION; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS; DNAPLS AB Two surface soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) collected from Superfund sites in the New England region of the United States, Fletcher Paints and Merrimack Industrial Metals, were evaluated for field treatment at the bench level using catalyzed H2O2 propagations (CHP modified Fenton's reagent). The two soils were first evaluated for the potential for in situ treatment based on two criteria: (1) temperature (<40 degrees C after CHP reagent addition), and (2) hydrogen peroxide longevity (>24 h). In situ CHP remediation was more applicable to the Fletcher soil, while the Merrimack soil was better suited to ex situ treatment based on temperature increases and hydrogen peroxide lifetimes. Using the highest hydrogen peroxide concentrations appropriate for in situ treatment in each soil, PCB destruction was 94% in the Fletcher soil but only 48% in the Merrimack soil. However, 98% PCB destruction was achieved in the Merrimack soil using conditions more applicable to ex situ treatment (higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations with temperatures >40 degrees C). Analysis of degradation products by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy showed no detectable chlorinated degradation products, suggesting that the products of PCB oxidation were rapidly dechlorinated and degraded. The results of this research document that the two PCB-contaminated soils studied can be effectively treated using aggressive CHP conditions, and that such a detailed bench study provides important information before implementing field treatment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahmad, Mushtaque; Teel, Amy L.; Watts, Richard J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Simon, Michelle A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sherrin, Alex] US EPA, Boston, MA 02109 USA. [Tuccillo, Mary Ellen] Cadmus Grp, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Ullman, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Watts, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 642910, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rjwatts@wsu.edu OI Teel, Amy/0000-0002-0882-4413 FU US Environmental Protection Agency Region; US EPA [EPC05058, 86] FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency Region 1 RARE Grant and funded on US EPA Contract #EPC05058 Task Order #86. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 84 IS 7 BP 855 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.021 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805JZ UT WOS:000293724000001 PM 21733547 ER PT J AU Zhang, TT Fiedler, H Yu, G Ochoa, GS Carroll, WF Gullett, BK Marklund, S Touati, A AF Zhang, Tingting Fiedler, Heidelore Yu, Gang Solorzano Ochoa, Gustavo Carroll, William F., Jr. Gullett, Brian K. Marklund, Stellan Touati, Abderrahmane TI Emissions of unintentional persistent organic pollutants from open burning of municipal solid waste from developing countries SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PCDD/PCDF; dl-PCB; PeCBz; HCB; Emission factor; Open burning ID DOMESTIC WASTE; COMBUSTION AB Open burning of waste is the most significant source of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in many national inventories prepared pursuant to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. This is particularly true for developing countries. Emission factors for POPs such as PCDD/PCDF, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and penta- and hexachlorobenzenes (PeCBz/HCB) from open burning of municipal solid waste in China and Mexico are reported herein. Six different waste sources were studied varying from urban-industrial to semi-urban to rural. For PCDD/PCDF, the emission factors to air ranged from 3.0 to 650 ng TEQ kg(-1) waste and for dl-PCB from 0.092 to 54 ng TEQ kg(-1) waste. Emission factors for PeCBz (17-1200 ng kg(-1) waste) and HCB (24-1300 ng kg(-1) waste) spanned a wide but similar range. Within the datasets there is no indication of significant waste composition effect on emission factor with the exception of significantly higher Mexico rural samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Tingting; Yu, Gang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, POPs Res Ctr, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Fiedler, Heidelore] UNEP DTIE Chem Branch, CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE, Switzerland. [Solorzano Ochoa, Gustavo] CENICA, Inst Nacl Ecol, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. [Carroll, William F., Jr.] Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E343 04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Marklund, Stellan] Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yu, G (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, POPs Res Ctr, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yg-den@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Yu, Gang/H-1010-2013; hui, wanghui/C-5671-2008; Yu, Gang/H-6354-2013; Fiedler, Heidelore/P-6115-2015 OI Fiedler, Heidelore/0000-0003-1496-9245 FU Government of Sweden through SIDA; Chlorine Chemistry Division, American Chemistry Council, USA FX The study was coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Chemicals Branch and financed by the Government of Sweden through SIDA and the Chlorine Chemistry Division, American Chemistry Council, USA We thank our colleagues from INE/CENICA for suggestions and helpful discussions as well as the experts and researchers in China through the stakeholder meetings and our colleagues of Tsinghua University for assisting in the field work and Dr. Stina Jansson, UmeA University, for performing the dioxin analyses. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 84 IS 7 BP 994 EP 1001 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.070 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805JZ UT WOS:000293724000020 PM 21624634 ER PT J AU Dugan, NR Williams, DJ Meyer, M Schneider, RR Speth, TF Kelty, KC Metz, DH AF Dugan, Nicholas R. Williams, Daniel J. Meyer, Maria Schneider, Ross R. Speth, Thomas F. Kelty, Keith C. Metz, Deborah H. TI Polishing effluent from a perchlorate-reducing anaerobic biological contactor SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; NITRATE REDUCTION; ULTRAFILTRATION; PRETREATMENT; BACTERIUM; NITRITE C1 [Dugan, Nicholas R.; Williams, Daniel J.; Speth, Thomas F.; Kelty, Keith C.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Meyer, Maria; Metz, Deborah H.] Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Schneider, Ross R.] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Dugan, NR (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dugan.nicholas@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 103 IS 8 BP 74 EP 84 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 801JD UT WOS:000293433700013 ER PT J AU Tiano, JP Delghingaro-Augusto, V Le May, C Liu, SH Kaw, MK Khuder, SS Latour, MG Bhatt, SA Korach, KS Najjar, SM Prentki, M Mauvais-Jarvis, F AF Tiano, Joseph P. Delghingaro-Augusto, Viviane Le May, Cedric Liu, Suhuan Kaw, Meenakshi K. Khuder, Saja S. Latour, Martin G. Bhatt, Surabhi A. Korach, Kenneth S. Najjar, Sonia M. Prentki, Marc Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck TI Estrogen receptor activation reduces lipid synthesis in pancreatic islets and prevents beta cell failure in rodent models of type 2 diabetes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID IMPROVES INSULIN SENSITIVITY; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; OB/OB MICE; IN-VIVO; RESISTANCE; ALPHA; STAT3; RAT; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION AB The failure of pancreatic beta cells to adapt to an increasing demand for insulin is the major mechanism by which patients progress from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is thought to be related to dysfunctional lipid homeostasis within those cells. In multiple animal models of diabetes, females demonstrate relative protection from beta cell failure. We previously found that the hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in part mediates this benefit. Here, we show that treating male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with E2 suppressed synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids and glycerolipids in islets and protected against beta cell failure. The antilipogenic actions of E2 were recapitulated by pharmacological activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa alpha) or ER beta in a rat beta cell line and in cultured ZDF rat, mouse, and human islets. Pancreas-specific null deletion of ER alpha in mice (PER alpha(-/-)) prevented reduction of lipid synthesis by E2 via a direct action in islets, and PER alpha(-/-) mice were predisposed to islet lipid accumulation and beta cell dysfunction in response to feeding with a high-fat diet. ER activation inhibited beta cell lipid synthesis by suppressing the expression (and activity) of fatty acid synthase via a nonclassical pathway dependent on activated Stat3. Accordingly, pancreas-specific deletion of Stat3 in mice curtailed ER-mediated suppression of lipid synthesis. These data suggest that extranuclear ERs may be promising therapeutic targets to prevent beta cell failure in T2D. C1 [Tiano, Joseph P.; Le May, Cedric; Liu, Suhuan; Bhatt, Surabhi A.; Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Delghingaro-Augusto, Viviane; Latour, Martin G.; Prentki, Marc] CRCHUM, Mol Nutr Unit, Montreal Diabet Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Delghingaro-Augusto, Viviane; Latour, Martin G.; Prentki, Marc] Univ Montreal, Dept Nutr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Kaw, Meenakshi K.; Khuder, Saja S.; Najjar, Sonia M.] Univ Toledo, Ctr Diabet & Endocrine Res CeDER, Coll Med, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Comprehens Ctr Obes, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Mauvais-Jarvis, F (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Med, Dept Med, 303 E Chicago Ave,Tarry 15-761, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM f-mauvais-jarvis@northwestern.edu RI Le May, cedric/D-2691-2009; OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU National Cancer Institute Cancer Center [P30 CA060553]; National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; NIH [R01DK074970-01, P50HD044405, T32 DK007169, R01DK054254, R01DK083850]; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation [1-2006-837, 6-FY07-678]; NIH/NIEHS [Z01ES70065]; Canadian Diabetes Association; Canadian Institute of Health Research; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [38903-19826] FX We are grateful to Winifred P.S. Wong for technical assistance in generating and characterizing the ER alphalox/lox and PER alpha-/- male mice. Imaging work was performed at the Northwestern University Cell Imaging Facility, supported by National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA060553. We are thankful to the Integrated Islet Distribution Program, funded by the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease with support from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, for providing human islets. This research was supported by grants from the NIH (R01DK074970-01 and P50HD044405), the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (1-2006-837), and the March of Dimes (6-FY07-678) to F. Mauvais-Jarvis. J.P. Tiano was supported in part by NIH Training Grant T32 DK007169, and C. Le May was the recipient of a Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellowship. ER alphalox/lox mouse generation was funded by NIH/NIEHS division of intramural research grant Z01ES70065 to K.S. Korach. Experiments of lipid cycling in Figure 3 were partially funded by grants from the Canadian Diabetes Association and the Canadian Institute of Health Research to M. Prentki. FAS activity assays were funded by grants from the NIH (R01DK054254 and R01DK083850) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA 38903-19826) to S.M. Najjar. NR 45 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 121 IS 8 BP 3331 EP 3342 DI 10.1172/JCI44564 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 802FU UT WOS:000293495500039 PM 21747171 ER PT J AU Ojha, CSP Surampalli, RY Sharma, PK Joshi, N AF Ojha, C. S. P. Surampalli, Rao Y. Sharma, Pramod Kumar Joshi, Nitin TI Breakthrough Curves and Simulation of Virus Transport through Fractured Porous Media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Virus transport; Fractured porous media; Breakthrough curves ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SINGLE FRACTURE; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; MATRIX DIFFUSION; MODEL; BACTERIOPHAGE; INJECTION; MOVEMENT; SOILS AB In this paper, an advective dispersive virus transport equation, including first-order adsorption and an inactivation constant, is used for simulating the movement of viruses in fractured porous media. The implicit finite-difference numerical technique is used to solve the governing equations for viruses in the fractured porous media. In this work, the focus is (1) to investigate the transport processes of the movement of viruses in both fractured rock and porous rock without fracture and (2) to simulate the experimental data of biocolloids through a fractured aquifer model. It is seen that movement of the contaminant is faster in the fractured rock than in the porous rock formation. Higher values of diffusion coefficient, matrix porosity, mass transfer constant, and inactivation rate reduce both temporal and spatial virus concentrations in the fracture. Also, experimental data of biocolloids in the fractured aquifer model with constant and time-dependent inactivation rates were simulated successfully. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000374. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Ojha, C. S. P.; Sharma, Pramod Kumar; Joshi, Nitin] Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Civil Engn, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Sharma, PK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Civil Engn, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM cspojha@rediffmail.com; Surampalli.Rao@epamail.epa.gov; pramod_6s@rediffmail.com; nitinj3982@gmail.com RI Ojha, Chandra/F-7859-2010 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2011 VL 137 IS 8 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000374 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 802TH UT WOS:000293533400008 ER PT J AU Ingwersen, WW AF Ingwersen, Wesley W. TI Emergy as a Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicator A Gold Mining Case Study SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy; industrial ecology; metals; resource use indicator; sustainability indicator; uncertainty ID RESOURCE CONSUMPTION; EXERGY; SERVICES; OPTIONS; INDEXES; RATIOS; LCA AB Founded in thermodynamics and systems ecology, emergy evaluation is a method to associate a product with its dependencies on all upstream environmental and resource flows using a common unit of energy. Emergy is thus proposed as an indicator of aggregate resource use for life cycle assessment (LCA). An LCA of gold mining, based on an original life cycle inventory of a large gold mine in Peru, is used to demonstrate how emergy can be incorporated as an impact indicator into a process-based LCA model. The results demonstrate the usefulness of emergy in the LCA context. The adaptation of emergy evaluation, traditionally performed outside of the LCA framework, requires changes to the conventional accounting rules and the incorporation of uncertainty estimations of the emergy conversion factors, or unit emergy values. At the same time, traditional LCA boundaries are extended to incorporate the environmental processes that provide for raw resources, including ores. The total environmental contribution to the product, dore, is dominated by mining and metallurgical processes and not the geological processes forming the gold ore. The measure of environmental contribution to 1 gram (g) of dore is 6.8E + 12 solar-equivalent Joules (sej) and can be considered accurate within a factor of 2. These results are useful in assessing a process in light of available resources, which is essential to measuring long-term sustainability. Comparisons are made between emergy and other measures of resource use, and recommendations are made for future incorporation of emergy into LCA that will result in greater consistency with existing life cycle inventory (LCI) databases and other LCA indicators. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Off Res & Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ingwersen, Wesley W.] Ctr Environm Policy, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ingwersen, Wesley W.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ingwersen, WW (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Off Res & Development, MS 483,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM ingwersen.wesley@epa.gov OI Ingwersen, Wesley/0000-0002-9614-701X FU Tinker Foundation FX The initial motivation for this research was provided by Dr. Mark T. Brown, Dr. Angela Lindner, and members of the spring 2007 "Emergy and LCA" graduate seminar at the University of Florida. A grant from the Tinker Foundation supported travel to Peru. I further acknowledge the local support in Peru provided by Ricardo Gallardo and the assistance in understanding the mine processes and direction toward publicly available data sources provided by employees of Minera Yanacocha, S. R. L. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 15 IS 4 BP 550 EP 567 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00333.x PG 18 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804DH UT WOS:000293633900008 ER PT J AU Ryan, PH Dihle, M Griffin, S Partridge, C Hilbert, TJ Taylor, R Adjei, S Lockey, JE AF Ryan, Patrick H. Dihle, Mark Griffin, Susan Partridge, Charles Hilbert, Timothy J. Taylor, Richard Adjei, Stephen Lockey, James E. TI Erionite in Road Gravel Associated With Interstitial and Pleural Changes-An Occupational Hazard in Western United States SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ASBESTOS EXPOSURE; FIBROUS ZEOLITE; MESOTHELIOMA; POPULATION; WORKERS; PREVALENCE; DISEASES; PLAQUES; RATS AB Objective: To determine the rate of chest radiographic abnormalities among residents of North Dakota potentially exposed to road gravel containing the fibrous mineral erionite. Methods: Participants (n = 34) completed a questionnaire, chest radiograph, and high resolution computed tomography scan to assess the rate of interstitial and pleural changes consistent with fibrous mineral exposure. Results: Interstitial, pleural, or both changes typically associated with asbestos exposure were observed by high resolution computed tomography in seven (21%) individuals. The primary exposure pathway for six of these was from gravel pits, road maintenance, or both. Three participants (8.8%) demonstrated bilateral localized pleural changes with calcification; two of these also had accompanying interstitial changes. All three reported extensive work in gravel pits, road maintenance, or both. Conclusions: These results indicate that occupational exposure to erionite contained within road gravel in the United States represents a potential health hazard. Clinical Significance: This study identifies chest radiographic changes among residents of North Dakota occupationally exposed to road gravel containing erionite. Public health officials and physicians in affected areas should be aware of the potential health effects of erionite exposure. Precautionary measures should be taken to limit occupational exposure to gravel containing erionite. C1 [Adjei, Stephen; Lockey, James E.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Pulm, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Dihle, Mark] N Dakota Dept Hlth, Div Air Qual, Bismarck, ND USA. [Griffin, Susan; Partridge, Charles] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Taylor, Richard] Waterstone Environm Hydrol & Engn Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Adjei, Stephen; Lockey, James E.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Ryan, PH (reprint author), 3223 Eden Ave,POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM patrick.ryan@uc.edu RI Ryan, Patrick /L-7062-2015 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank the participants of this study, and Connie Thrasher and Megan Parin for their assistance in the preparation of this article. Funding for this study was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency-Region 8 Emergency Response Program. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 53 IS 8 BP 892 EP 898 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318223d44c PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 804XE UT WOS:000293687400011 PM 21775901 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, C Demitz, J Fry, J Hossain, N Wickham, J AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Demitz, Jon Fry, Joyce Hossain, Nazmul Wickham, James TI Change of Impervious Surface Area Between 2001 and 2006 in the Conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hossain, Nazmul] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SGT, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wickham, James] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov; dewitz@usgs.gov; jfry@usgs.gov; hossain@usgs.gov; Wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X NR 5 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 8 BP 758 EP 762 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 805ZF UT WOS:000293768900001 ER PT J AU Gwinn, WM Kapita, MC Wang, PM Cesta, MF Martin, WJ AF Gwinn, William M. Kapita, Mayanga C. Wang, Ping M. Cesta, Mark F. Martin, William J., II TI Synthetic liposomes are protective from bleomycin-induced lung toxicity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung injury; pulmonary fibrosis ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; INDUCED PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT INSTILLATION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; AEROSOLIZED SURFACTANT; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INJURY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; MODEL AB Gwinn WM, Kapita MC, Wang PM, Cesta MF, Martin WJ 2nd. Synthetic liposomes are protective from bleomycin-induced lung toxicity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301: L207-L217, 2011. First published May 20, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00149.2010.-Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease characterized by a progressive, irreversible, and ultimately lethal form of lung fibrosis. Except for lung transplantation, no effective treatment options currently exist. The bleomycin animal model is one of the best studied models of lung injury and fibrosis. A previous study using mouse tumor models observed that liposome-encapsulated bleomycin exhibited reduced lung toxicity. Therefore, we hypothesized that airway delivery of synthetic phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes alone would protect mice from bleomycin-induced lung toxicity. C57BL/6 mice were administered uncharged multilamellar liposomes (100 mu l) or PBS vehicle on day 0 by airway delivery. Bleomycin (3.33 U/kg) or saline vehicle was then given intratracheally on day 1 followed by four additional separate doses of liposomes on days 4, 8, 12, and 16. Fluorescent images of liposomes labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3', 3' tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate confirmed effective and widespread delivery of liposomes to the lower respiratory tract as well as uptake primarily by alveolar macrophages and to a lesser extent by type II alveolar epithelial cells. Results at day 22, 3 wk after bleomycin treatment, showed that airway delivery of liposomes before and after intratracheal administration of bleomycin significantly reduced bleomycin-induced lung toxicity as evidenced by less body weight loss, chronic lung inflammation, and fibrosis as well as improved lung compliance compared with controls. These data indicate that airway-delivered synthetic liposomes represent a novel treatment strategy to reduce the lung toxicity associated with bleomycin in a mouse model. C1 [Gwinn, William M.; Kapita, Mayanga C.; Wang, Ping M.; Martin, William J., II] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cesta, Mark F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Martin, WJ (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Rm 2A01, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM wjmartin@mail.nih.gov FU NIEHS, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS, National Institutes of Health. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 301 IS 2 BP L207 EP L217 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00149.2010 PG 11 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 800HI UT WOS:000293350000009 PM 21602446 ER PT J AU Meadows, KL Andrews, DMK Xu, ZL Carswell, GK Laughlin, SK Baird, DD Taylor, JA AF Meadows, Kellen L. Andrews, Danica M. K. Xu, Zongli Carswell, Gleta K. Laughlin, Shannon K. Baird, Donna D. Taylor, Jack A. TI Genome-wide analysis of loss of heterozygosity and copy number amplification in uterine leiomyomas using the 100K single nucleotide polymorphism array SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uterine leiomyoma; Single nucleotide polymorphism array; LOH; Copy number amplification ID LOSS-OF-HETEROZYGOSITY; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SNP ARRAYS; FIBROIDS; TUMORS; HYBRIDIZATION; ALLELOTYPE; GENETICS; GROWTH; SIZE AB Purpose: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign smooth muscle tumors commonly found among reproductive-aged women. Though benign, these tumors are the leading indication for hysterectomies in the United States and cause significant morbidity. Despite the importance of this tumor in women's health, relatively little is known about the molecular etiology. Methods: In this study, we used the Affymetrix 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to assess whether the pattern and frequency of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and copy number amplifications is associated with clinical heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-seven tumors with varying sizes and histology from eleven patients were analyzed. LOH was observed in 4/37 tumors (10.8%) and significantly associated with large-sized tumors (p<0.0014). Two tumors revealed hemizygosity on chromosome 7q, a region that has been consistently reported to have LOH. Additionally, we detected one novel region of LOH, 16p13.11 in one tumor (2.7%). Copy number amplifications were observed on all chromosomes; however, most were low-level amplifications and only detected in a single tumor. One region of amplification at 3p26.3 was detected in four tumors. Conclusions: Despite the use of a high-density SNP platform, our results suggest that genome-wide LOH and copy number amplifications are infrequent events and generally do not determine clinical and histologic characteristics of this disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Meadows, Kellen L.; Carswell, Gleta K.; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Andrews, Danica M. K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Xu, Zongli; Laughlin, Shannon K.; Baird, Donna D.; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, PO 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM taylor@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Center for Research on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Financial support for the parent study, The Fibroid Growth Study, was provided by NIEHS, NIH intramural funding and the National Center for Research on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Barbara Davis and Shyamal Peddada provided design and oversight of the parentstudy. Ania Kowalik was the clinical leader of the field study. Karen Haneke and Heather Vahdat managed the field study and the study data. Martha Turvey was the study nurse, Xiaoyu Ding conducted the pathological analyses of tumor tissue, and Pamela Blackshear aided in tissue analyses. Anne Marie Jukic and Lisa Chadwick provided comments on the manuscript. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4800 J9 EXP MOL PATHOL JI Exp. Mol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 91 IS 1 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.03.007 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 802ZE UT WOS:000293548700016 PM 21497600 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Miller, MC Chung, KC Parsons, NL Shine, BC AF Thoma, Eben D. Miller, Michael C. Chung, Kuenja C. Parsons, Nicholas L. Shine, Brenda C. TI Facility Fence-Line Monitoring Using Passive Samplers SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS; CARBOPACK-X; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UPTAKE RATES; AMBIENT AIR; BENZENE; VOLATILE; PLANT; VOCS; NO2 AB In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) executed a year-long field study at a refinery in Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate the use of passive diffusive sampling technology for assessing time-averaged benzene concentrations at the facility fence line. The purpose of the study was to investigate the implementation viability and performance of this type of monitoring in a real-world setting as part of EPA's fence-line measurement research program. The study utilized 14-day, time-integrated Carbopack X samplers deployed at 18 locations on the fence line and at two nearby air monitoring sites equipped with automated gas chromatographs. The average fence-line benzene concentration during the study was 1075 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) with a standard deviation of 1935 pptv. For a 6-month period during which wind direction was uniform, the mean concentration value for a group of downwind sites exceeded the mean value of a similar upwind group by 1710 pptv. Mean value differences for these groups were not statistically significant for the remaining 6-month time period when wind directions were mixed. The passive sampling approach exhibited acceptable performance with a data completeness value of 97.1% (n = 579). Benzene concentration comparisons with automated gas chromatographs yielded an r(2) value of 0.86 and a slope of 0.90 (n = 50). A linear regression of duplicate pairs yielded an r(2) of 0.97, unity slope, and zero intercept (n = 56). In addition to descriptions of technique performance and general results, time-series analyses are described, providing insight into the utility of 2-week sampling for source apportionment under differing meteorological conditions. The limitations of the approach and recommendations for future measurement method development work are also discussed. C1 [Thoma, Eben D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Miller, Michael C.; Chung, Kuenja C.] US EPA, Dallas, TX USA. [Parsons, Nicholas L.; Shine, Brenda C.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov FU EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) [EP-D-05-065]; EPA ORD [P-C-04-023, EP-C-09-027] FX This work reflects the contributions of many individuals. In particular, the authors acknowledge the efforts of Jan Golden and Eric Kaysen with Flint Hills Resources for their collaboration; Karen Oliver, Hunter Daughtrey, Tamira Cousett, and Herb Jacumin with Alion Science and Technology for analytical support under EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) contract EP-D-05-065; Mark Modrak of ARCADIS for project coordination under EPA ORD contracts EP-C-04-023 and EP-C-09-027; and many individuals with Shaw Environmental, Inc., for deployment of the PSs. The authors thank Edward Michael, Vincent Torres, and David Allen with the University of Texas and David Brymer and Chris Owen with TCEQ for their assistance in acquiring automated GC validation data. The authors appreciate the direction and support of Robin Segall, Jason DeWees, Raymond Merrill, and Connie Sue Oldham with EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and the quality assurance assistance of Bob Wright and Dr. Joan Bursey with EPA ORD. This article was reviewed by EPA ORE) and was approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 834 EP 842 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.61.8.834 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 803AA UT WOS:000293550900005 PM 21874954 ER PT J AU Ho, L Miller, EL Ronan, JL Ho, WQ Jothi, R Crabtree, GR AF Ho, Lena Miller, Erik L. Ronan, Jehnna L. Ho, Wen Qi Jothi, Raja Crabtree, Gerald R. TI esBAF facilitates pluripotency by conditioning the genome for LIF/STAT3 signalling and by regulating polycomb function SO NATURE CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX; SELF-RENEWAL; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATORS; SWI/SNF COMPLEXES; STAT3 ACTIVATION; GROUND-STATE; IN-VIVO; GENE AB Signalling by the cytokine LIF and its downstream transcription factor, STAT3, prevents differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This contrasts with most cell types where STAT3 signalling induces differentiation. We find that STAT3 binding across the pluripotent genome is dependent on Brg1, the ATPase subunit of a specialized chromatin remodelling complex (esBAF) found in ESCs. Brg1 is required to establish chromatin accessibility at STAT3 binding targets, preparing these sites to respond to LIF signalling. Brg1 deletion leads to rapid polycomb (PcG) binding and H3K27me3-mediated silencing of many Brg1-activated targets genome wide, including the target genes of the LIF signalling pathway. Hence, one crucial role of Brg1 in ESCs involves its ability to potentiate LIF signalling by opposing PcG. Contrary to expectations, Brg1 also facilitates PcG function at classical PcG targets, including all four Hox loci, reinforcing their repression in ESCs. Therefore, esBAF does not simply antagonize PcG. Rather, the two chromatin regulators act both antagonistically and synergistically with the common goal of supporting pluripotency. C1 [Jothi, Raja] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ho, Lena; Ho, Wen Qi] Stanford Univ, Program Immunol, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, Erik L.] Stanford Univ, Genet Program, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ronan, Jehnna L.] Stanford Univ, Program Canc Biol, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Crabtree, Gerald R.] Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Crabtree, Gerald R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Crabtree, Gerald R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jothi, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jothi@mail.nih.gov; crabtree@stanford.edu RI Jothi, Raja/G-3780-2015 FU HHMI; NIH [R01NS46789, R01AI60037, R01HD55391]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1ZIAES102625-02]; A*STAR (Singapore); National Science Foundation FX We thank G. Bejerano, A. Wenger, D. Bristor and C. McLean for their computational expertise and assistance, NIEHS (NIH) core facility for their advice and expertise in carrying out ChIP-seq, and P. Wade and G. Hu for providing useful comments. We thank J. Wu and L. Chen for assistance in the derivation of Brg1cond ESCs. This work was financially supported by grants from the HHMI and NIH grants R01NS46789, R01AI60037 and R01HD55391 to G.R.C., and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1ZIAES102625-02) to R.J. L.H. and W.Q.H. are financially supported by A*STAR (Singapore); E.L.M. and J.L.R. are financially supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 48 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1465-7392 J9 NAT CELL BIOL JI Nat. Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 13 IS 8 BP 903 EP U334 DI 10.1038/ncb2285 PG 31 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 800OW UT WOS:000293373700008 PM 21785422 ER PT J AU Funk, JA Gohlke, J Kraft, AD McPherson, CA Collins, JB Harry, GJ AF Funk, Jason A. Gohlke, Julia Kraft, Andrew D. McPherson, Christopher A. Collins, Jennifer B. Harry, G. Jean TI Voluntary exercise protects hippocampal neurons from trimethyltin injury: Possible role of interleukin-6 to modulate tumor necrosis factor receptor-mediated neurotoxicity SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Exercise; Hippocampus; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection; Interleukin-6; TNF alpha; Trimethyltin ID NF-KAPPA-B; ASTROCYTE-TARGETED EXPRESSION; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DENTATE GYRUS; UNPHOSPHORYLATED STAT3; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA AB In the periphery, exercise induces interleukin (IL)-6 to downregulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), elevate interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), decreasing inflammation. Exercise also offers neuroprotection and facilitates brain repair. IL-6 production in the hippocampus following exercise suggests the potential of a similar protective role as in the periphery to down-regulate TNF alpha and inflammation. Using a chemical-induced model of hippocampal dentate granule cell death (trimethyltin, TMT 2.4 mg/kg, ip) dependent upon TNF receptor signaling, we demonstrate neuroprotection in mice with 2 weeks access to running wheel. Exercise attenuated neuronal death and diminished elevations in TNFa, TNF receptor 1, myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD) 88, transforming growth factor p, chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and CCL3. Elevated mRNA levels for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 RA, occurred with injury and protection. mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 and neuronal expression of IL-6 receptor a, were elevated with injury and protection. Microarray pathway analysis supported an up-regulation of TNFa cell death signaling pathways with TMT and inhibition by exercise. IL-6 pathway recruitment occurred in both conditions. IL-6 downstream signal events differed in the level of STAT3 activation. Exercise did not increase mRNA levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, or glial derived neurotrophic factor. In IL-6 deficient mice, exercise did not attenuate TMT-induced tremor and a diminished level of neuroprotection was observed. These data suggest a contributory role for IL-6 induced by exercise for neuroprotection in the CNS similar to that seen in the periphery. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Funk, Jason A.; Kraft, Andrew D.; McPherson, Christopher A.; Harry, G. Jean] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gohlke, Julia] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Birmingham, AL USA. [Collins, Jennifer B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, US Dept HHS, POB 12233,MD C1-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM harry@niehs.nih.gov OI Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893 FU Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH [1Z01ES101623, N01-ES-65554]; Research Triangle Institute, RTP, NC FX The authors thank the NIEHS Microarray Core for their expert assistant with the microarray analysis and Dr. Sue Edelstein for graphics support. This study was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH under project #1Z01ES101623 and contract #N01-ES-65554, Research Triangle Institute, RTP, NC. NR 65 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1591 J9 BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN JI Brain Behav. Immun. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.03.012 PG 15 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 799SI UT WOS:000293306000003 PM 21435392 ER PT J AU Ming, M Feng, L Shea, CR Soltani, K Zhao, BZ Han, WN Smart, RC Trempus, CS He, YY AF Ming, Mei Feng, Li Shea, Christopher R. Soltani, Keyoumars Zhao, Baozhong Han, Weinong Smart, Robert C. Trempus, Carol S. He, Yu-Ying TI PTEN Positively Regulates UVB-Induced DNA Damage Repair SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; UBIQUITIN LIGASE COMPLEX; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; INDUCED UBIQUITYLATION; H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; AKT; SUPPRESSION AB Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, where DNA-damaging ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from the sun remains the major environmental risk factor. However, the critical genetic targets of UVB radiation are undefined. Here we show that attenuating PTEN in epidermal keratinocytes is a predisposing factor for UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. In skin papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), levels of PTEN were reduced compared with skin lacking these lesions. Likewise, there was a reduction in PTEN levels in human premalignant actinic keratosis and malignant SCCs, supporting a key role for PTEN in human skin cancer formation and progression. PTEN downregulation impaired the capacity of global genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), a critical mechanism for removing UVB-induced mutagenic DNA lesions. In contrast to the response to ionizing radiation, PTEN downregulation prolonged UVB-induced growth arrest and increased the activation of the Chk1 DNA damage pathway in an AKT-independent manner, likely due to reduced DNA repair. PTEN loss also suppressed expression of the key GG-NER protein xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) through the AKT/p38 signaling axis. Reconstitution of XPC levels in PTEN-inhibited cells restored GG-NER capacity. Taken together, our findings define PTEN as an essential genomic gatekeeper in the skin through its ability to positively regulate XPC-dependent GG-NER following DNA damage. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5287-95. (c) 2011 AACR. C1 [Ming, Mei; Shea, Christopher R.; Soltani, Keyoumars; Han, Weinong; He, Yu-Ying] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Dermatol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Feng, Li; Zhao, Baozhong; Trempus, Carol S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Smart, Robert C.] N Carolina State Univ, Cell Signaling & Canc Grp, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP He, YY (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Dermatol Sect, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM yyhe@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu RI Zhao, Baozhong/B-5865-2011 FU NIH [ES016936]; University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center [P30 CA014599]; CTSA [NIH UL1RR024999]; NIH/NIEHS; UC FX This work was supported by NIH grant ES016936 (Y.Y. He), the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center Pilot program (P30 CA014599), the CTSA (NIH UL1RR024999), the NIH/NIEHS intramural program, and UC Friends of Dermatology Research Funds. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 15 BP 5287 EP 5295 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4614 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 799ET UT WOS:000293267600025 PM 21771908 ER PT J AU Laroo, CA Schenk, CR Sanchez, LJ McDonald, J AF Laroo, Christopher A. Schenk, Charles R. Sanchez, L. James McDonald, Joseph TI Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs from a Modern Diesel Engine Equipped with Catalyzed Emission Control Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEHICLES; PCDF; DESTRUCTION; COMBUSTION; DIOXIN AB Exhaust emissions of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan (CDD/F) congeners, tetra octa CDD/F homologues, 12 2005 WHO chlorinated biphenyls (CB) congeners, mono-nona CB homologues, and 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a model year 2008 Cummins ISB engine were investigated. Testing included configurations composed of different combinations of aftertreatment including a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOG), catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), copper zeolite urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR), iron zeolite SCR, and ammonia slip catalyst. Results were compared to a baseline engine out configuration. Testing included the use of fuel that contained the maximum expected chlorine (Cl) concentration of U.S. highway diesel fuel and a Cl level 1.5 orders of magnitude above. Results indicate there is no risk for an increase in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan and polychlorinated biphenyl emissions from modern diesel engines with catalyzed aftertreatment when compared to engine out emissions for configurations tested in this program. These results, along with PAH results, compare well with similar results from modern diesel engines in the literature. The results further indicate that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan emissions from modern diesel engines both with and without aftertreatment are below historical values reported in the literature as well as the current inventory value. C1 [Laroo, Christopher A.; Schenk, Charles R.; Sanchez, L. James; McDonald, Joseph] US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Laroo, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, 2565 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM laroo.chris@epa.gov FU Manufacturer of Emission Controls Association (MECA) FX We thank the Manufacturer of Emission Controls Association (MECA) for funding portions of this test program and providing catalysts to be tested. We thank Luke Markham, Craig Swan, David Craig, Frank Bertram, Dale VanErp, and Justin Schweigert (EPA/LOD), as well as Zuimdie Guerra (EPA/ASD), Peter Smith (EPA/ASD), and Zoltan Jung (EPA/ASD) for their technical assistance in carrying out this test program. We thank Analytical Perspectives for performing the sample media preparation, sample extraction, and analysis as well as for all of their technical assistance. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 15 BP 6420 EP 6428 DI 10.1021/es104220f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 798IK UT WOS:000293196400034 PM 21718041 ER PT J AU Burgoon, LD AF Burgoon, L. D. TI Fish Nets and Ecotoxicology: Network Methods for Exploring Perturbations of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burgoon, L. D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM burgoon.lyle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 7 BP 507 EP 507 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 797OI UT WOS:000293136800016 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Strader, LC Pratt, JG Maiese, D Hendershot, T Kwok, RK Hammond, JA Huggins, W Jackman, D Pan, HQ Nettles, DS Beaty, TH Farrer, LA Kraft, P Marazita, ML Ordovas, JM Pato, CN Spitz, MR Wagener, D Williams, M Junkins, HA Harlan, WR Ramos, EM Haines, J AF Hamilton, Carol M. Strader, Lisa C. Pratt, Joseph G. Maiese, Deborah Hendershot, Tabitha Kwok, Richard K. Hammond, Jane A. Huggins, Wayne Jackman, Dean Pan, Huaqin Nettles, Destiney S. Beaty, Terri H. Farrer, Lindsay A. Kraft, Peter Marazita, Mary L. Ordovas, Jose M. Pato, Carlos N. Spitz, Margaret R. Wagener, Diane Williams, Michelle Junkins, Heather A. Harlan, William R. Ramos, Erin M. Haines, Jonathan TI The PhenX Toolkit: Get the Most From Your Measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental exposure; epidemiologic methods; genetic research; genetics; genome-wide association study; meta-analysis as topic; phenotype; research design ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; GENETIC-VARIATION; HUMAN-DISEASES; METAANALYSIS; RISK; DATABASE; TRAITS; LOINC AB The potential for genome-wide association studies to relate phenotypes to specific genetic variation is greatly increased when data can be combined or compared across multiple studies. To facilitate replication and validation across studies, RTI International (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) are collaborating on the consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures (PhenX) project. The goal of PhenX is to identify 15 high-priority, well-established, and broadly applicable measures for each of 21 research domains. PhenX measures are selected by working groups of domain experts using a consensus process that includes input from the scientific community. The selected measures are then made freely available to the scientific community via the PhenX Toolkit. Thus, the PhenX Toolkit provides the research community with a core set of high-quality, well-established, low-burden measures intended for use in large-scale genomic studies. PhenX measures will have the most impact when included at the experimental design stage. The PhenX Toolkit also includes links to standards and resources in an effort to facilitate data harmonization to legacy data. Broad acceptance and use of PhenX measures will promote cross-study comparisons to increase statistical power for identifying and replicating variants associated with complex diseases and with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. C1 [Hamilton, Carol M.; Strader, Lisa C.; Pratt, Joseph G.; Maiese, Deborah; Hendershot, Tabitha; Hammond, Jane A.; Huggins, Wayne; Jackman, Dean; Pan, Huaqin; Nettles, Destiney S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Junkins, Heather A.; Ramos, Erin M.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beaty, Terri H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Kraft, Peter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Marazita, Mary L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pato, Carlos N.] Univ So Calif, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Altadena, CA USA. [Spitz, Margaret R.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wagener, Diane] RTI Int, San Diego, CA USA. [Williams, Michelle] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harlan, William R.] NIH, Off Director, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Haines, Jonathan] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. [Kwok, Richard K.; Nettles, Destiney S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hamilton, CM (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chamilton@rti.org RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012; Strader, Lisa/H-3083-2013; Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017; OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360; Farrer, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-4225; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [U01 HG004597-01] FX This work was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (award U01 HG004597-01). NR 29 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr193 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796UG UT WOS:000293077600001 PM 21749974 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Strader, LC Pratt, JG Maiese, D Hendershot, T Kwok, RK Hammond, JA Huggins, W Jackman, D Pan, HQ Nettles, DS Beaty, TH Farrer, LA Kraft, P Marazita, ML Ordovas, JM Pato, CN Spitz, MR Wagener, D Williams, M Junkins, HA Harlan, WR Ramos, EM Haines, J AF Hamilton, Carol M. Strader, Lisa C. Pratt, Joseph G. Maiese, Deborah Hendershot, Tabitha Kwok, Richard K. Hammond, Jane A. Huggins, Wayne Jackman, Dean Pan, Huaqin Nettles, Destiney S. Beaty, Terri H. Farrer, Lindsay A. Kraft, Peter Marazita, Mary L. Ordovas, Jose M. Pato, Carlos N. Spitz, Margaret R. Wagener, Diane Williams, Michelle Junkins, Heather A. Harlan, William R. Ramos, Erin M. Haines, Jonathan TI Hamilton et al. Respond to "Consolidating Data Harmonization" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hamilton, Carol M.; Strader, Lisa C.; Pratt, Joseph G.; Maiese, Deborah; Hendershot, Tabitha; Hammond, Jane A.; Huggins, Wayne; Jackman, Dean; Pan, Huaqin; Nettles, Destiney S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Junkins, Heather A.; Ramos, Erin M.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beaty, Terri H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Kraft, Peter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Marazita, Mary L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pato, Carlos N.] Univ So Calif, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Altadena, CA USA. [Spitz, Margaret R.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wagener, Diane] RTI Int, San Diego, CA USA. [Williams, Michelle] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harlan, William R.] NIH, Off Director, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Haines, Jonathan] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. [Kwok, Richard K.; Nettles, Destiney S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hamilton, CM (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chamilton@rti.org RI Strader, Lisa/H-3083-2013; Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017; OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360; Farrer, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-4225; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 3 BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr191 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796UG UT WOS:000293077600003 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR AF Weinberg, Clarice R. TI SHOULD GRAPHS OF RISK OR RATE RATIOS BE PLOTTED ON A LOG SCALE? REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinber2@niehs.nih.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 3 BP 377 EP 377 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr157 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796UG UT WOS:000293077600018 ER PT J AU Sever, ML Salo, PM Haynes, AK Zeldin, DC AF Sever, Michelle L. Salo, Paeivi M. Haynes, Amber K. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Inner-City Environments and Mitigation of Cockroach Allergen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; HOMES; INTERVENTION; SENSITIVITY; MORBIDITY C1 [Sever, Michelle L.; Salo, Paeivi M.; Haynes, Amber K.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sever, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, POB 12233,MD CU-04,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sever@niehs.nih.gov OI Sever, Michelle/0000-0002-2435-1214 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 SU 1 BP S55 EP S56 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.007 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 793ZQ UT WOS:000292863400006 PM 21767738 ER PT J AU Bukaveckas, PA MacDonald, A Aufdenkampe, A Chick, JH Havel, JE Schultz, R Angradi, TR Bolgrien, DW Jicha, TM Taylor, D AF Bukaveckas, Paul A. MacDonald, Amy Aufdenkampe, Anthony Chick, John H. Havel, John E. Schultz, Richard Angradi, Ted R. Bolgrien, David W. Jicha, Terri M. Taylor, Debra TI Phytoplankton abundance and contributions to suspended particulate matter in the Ohio, Upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ecosystems; Rivers; Phytoplankton; Chlorophyll; Suspended particulate matter ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC-CARBON; SAN-FRANCISCO; FRESH-WATER; FOOD-WEB; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; LIGHT AB Main channel habitats of the Ohio, Missouri, and Upper Mississippi Rivers were surveyed during the summers of 2004, 2005 and 2006 using a probability-based sampling design to characterize inter-annual and inter-river variation in suspended chlorophyll a (CHLa) and related variables. Large (fivefold) differences in CHLa were observed with highest concentrations in the Upper Mississippi (32.3 +/- A 1.8 mu g L-1), intermediate values in the Missouri (19.7 +/- A 1.1 mu g L-1) and lowest concentrations in the Ohio (6.8 +/- A 0.5 mu g L-1). Inter-annual variation was small in comparison to inter-river differences suggesting that basin-specific factors exert greater control over river-wide CHLa than regional-scale processes influencing climate and discharge. The rivers were characterized by variable but generally low light conditions as indicated by depth-averaged underwater irradiance < 4 E m(-2) day(-1) and high ratios of channel depth to euphotic depth (> 3). Despite poor light conditions, regression analyses revealed that TP was the best single predictor of CHLa (R (2) = 0.40), though models incorporating both light and TP performed better (R (2) = 0.60). Light and nutrient conditions varied widely within rivers and were inversely related, suggesting that riverine phytoplankton may experience shifts in resource limitation during transport. Inferred grazing and sedimentation losses were large yet CHLa concentrations did not decline downriver indicating that growth and loss processes were closely coupled. The contribution by algae to suspended particulate organic matter in these rivers (mean = 41%) was similar to that of lakes (39%) but lower relative to reservoirs (61%). C1 [Bukaveckas, Paul A.; MacDonald, Amy] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Aufdenkampe, Anthony] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Chick, John H.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Natl Great Rivers Res & Educ Ctr, E Alton, IL 62012 USA. [Havel, John E.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Schultz, Richard] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Angradi, Ted R.; Bolgrien, David W.; Jicha, Terri M.; Taylor, Debra] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Bukaveckas, PA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Environm Studies, 1000 W Cary St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM pabukaveckas@vcu.edu OI Bukaveckas, Paul/0000-0002-2636-7818 FU Klaipeda University Coastal Research and Planning Institute FX We are grateful to the EMAP GRE field crews for their dedication in the collection of these data. PAB is also grateful to the organizer, Jeff Houser, and participants of the 2010 meeting of the Mississippi River Research Consortium for their many positive comments on this study. PAB was supported as a Fulbright Scholar at the Klaipeda University Coastal Research and Planning Institute during completion of this manuscript. NR 89 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 37 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 EI 1420-9055 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 419 EP 436 DI 10.1007/s00027-011-0190-y PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 795JM UT WOS:000292970500009 ER PT J AU Godowitch, JM Gilliam, RC Rao, ST AF Godowitch, James M. Gilliam, Robert C. Rao, S. Trivikrama TI Diagnostic evaluation of ozone production and horizontal transport in a regional photochemical air quality modeling system SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Diagnostic model evaluation; Photochemical modeling; Residual layer ozone; Nocturnal low level jet; Four-dimensional data assimilation ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MID-ATLANTIC STATES; DYNAMIC EVALUATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIMULATIONS; PART; CMAQ; ASSIMILATION; CLIMATOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB A diagnostic model evaluation effort has been performed to focus on photochemical ozone formation and the horizontal transport process since they strongly impact the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of ozone (O(3)) within the lower troposphere. Results from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system are evaluated against surface and upper air measurements from field studies during summer 2002 when several high O(3) episodes occurred in the eastern United States. Modeled O(3) and winds are compared to research aircraft measurements and wind profiler data, respectively, to investigate whether model underestimates of daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations during high O(3) episodes might be attributable to discrepancies in either or both of these modeled processes. Comparisons of 10 AM surface O(3) concentrations, which are representative of O(3) levels in the residual layer aloft, revealed that model underestimation was greater at higher observed ozone levels. Mid-morning vertical ozone profiles corroborated this surface-level finding, as modeled concentrations tended to be lower than observed O(3) aloft. Net ozone production efficiency (OPE) results suggested photochemical ozone formation was comparable between the model and observations with composite OPE values of 6.7 and 7.6, respectively, within the afternoon planetary boundary layer. Evaluation of wind profiles revealed modeled wind speeds with the base four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) approach underestimated observed speeds by more than 2 m s(-1) and direction was biased by about 20 degrees in the nocturnal residual layer aloft as coarse resolution analysis fields involved in FDDA were found to inhibit modeled winds. These differences could produce large spatial displacements in modeled and observed ozone patterns within the region. Although sensitivity simulation results with the WRF meteorological model with FDDA using all available upper air profile observations displayed improvements in capturing wind fields aloft, CMAQ maximum 8-h O(3) results using the improved wind fields also underestimated observations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Godowitch, James M.; Gilliam, Robert C.; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Godowitch, JM (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy E243 04, AMAD, 4930 Page Rd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM godowitch.james@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Thanks are extended to Stephen Springston (Brookhaven National Laboratory) and to Russell Dickerson (University of Maryland) for making available their aircraft data sets. NOAA/ESRL/GSD is recognized for maintenance and access to the MADIS archive of CAP wind profiler measurements. The VAD data are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set number ds337.0. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 24 BP 3977 EP 3987 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.062 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 796IU UT WOS:000293045800007 ER PT J AU Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, B Gullett, BK Tabor, D Touati, A AF Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara Gullett, Brian K. Tabor, Dennis Touati, Abderrahmane TI Waste combustion as a source of ambient air polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Municipal waste combustion; MWC; Ambient air; Polybrominated diphenylether; PBDE emissions; Homologue and isomer patterns ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ETHERS PBDES; ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; RECYCLING PLANT; GREAT-LAKES; INDOOR AIR; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE AB The first comprehensive set of U.S. data on polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) concentrations from municipal waste combustion (MWC), with more than 40 PBDE congeners reported, was compared to ambient air levels of PBDEs in the U.S. The PBDE profiles in the raw MWC flue gas reflected the historical production and usage pattern of PBDE-based flame retardants in North America, which favored Penta- and Deca- BDE formulations. The pattern of selected, routinely measured in the environment, PBDEs (TeBDE-47, PeBDE-99, PeBDE-100, HxBDE-153 and DcBDE-209) was similar in the MWC emissions and profiles most commonly reported for the U.S. atmosphere. The mean Sigma PBDE concentrations in the clean flue gases collected from the stack were 0.13 and 1.7 ng dscm(-1) during the steady state and transients of MWC, respectively (which was 98.6% reduction compare to the levels in the raw flue gases). The major PBDE congeners in the MWC flue gases were those typically found in PBDE technical mixes (TeBDE-47, PeBDE-99, PeBDE-100, HxBDE-153, HpBDE-183, OcBDE-197, NoBDE-206, NoBDE-207, NoBDE-208, DcBDE-209). The profile of the PBDEs in the raw flue gas was dominated by heavier congeners, especially DcBDE-209, while the profile of the stack flue gases profile was dominated by the lighter congeners (TeBDE-47, PeBDE-99, PeBDE-100 accounted for around 80% of total stack emissions). Some of the MWC flue gas samples exhibited enrichment of lower brominated congeners that are minor or not present in the technical mixtures, suggesting that debromination occurs during combustion. Congeners substituted in non- and mono-ortho positions (TeBDE-77, PeBDE-126, HxBDE-156 and -169) were detected mostly during the transients of MWC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara; Gullett, Brian K.; Tabor, Dennis] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27711 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E343-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX This research was supported by the U.S. EPA and in part by an appointment of the Postdoctoral Research Program at the U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The authors thank Dr. Heather Stapleton (Duke University) for providing standards of selected hepta- and octaBDEs. We want to express special acknowledgments to all the staff at the MWC sampling site. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 24 BP 4008 EP 4014 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.052 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 796IU UT WOS:000293045800011 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Foley, KM Kang, DW Mathur, R Pierce, T Rao, ST AF Napelenok, Sergey L. Foley, Kristen M. Kang, Daiwen Mathur, Rohit Pierce, Thomas Rao, S. Trivikrama TI Dynamic evaluation of regional air quality model's response to emission reductions in the presence of uncertain emission inventories SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dynamic model evaluation; CMAQ; Direct decoupled method; DDM; Air quality modeling; Ozone; Uncertainty; Sensitivity ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NOX EMISSIONS; OZONE; CMAQ; METEOROLOGY; ENSEMBLE; SYSTEM; ORDER AB A method is presented and applied for evaluating an air quality model's changes in pollutant concentrations stemming from changes in emissions while explicitly accounting for the uncertainties in the base emission inventory. Specifically, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is evaluated for its ability to simulate the change in ozone (O(3)) levels in response to significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO(x) = NO + NO(2)) emissions from the NO(x) State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call and vehicle fleet turnover between the years of 2002 and 2005. The dynamic model evaluation (i.e., the evaluation of a model's ability to predict changes in pollutant levels given changes in emissions) differs from previous approaches by explicitly accounting for known uncertainties in the NO(x) emissions inventories. Uncertainty in three sectors of NO(x) emissions is considered - area sources, mobile sources, and point sources - and is propagated using sensitivity coefficients calculated by the decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D). The change in O(3) levels between 2002 and 2005 is estimated based on differences in the empirical distributions of the modeled and observed data during the two years. Results indicate that the CMAQ model is able to reproduce the observed change in daily maximum 8-hr average O(3) levels at more than two-thirds of Air Quality System (AQS) monitoring locations when a relatively moderate amount of uncertainty (50%) is assumed in area and mobile emissions of NO(x) together with a low amount of uncertainty (3%) in the utility sector (elevated point sources) emissions. The impact of other sources of uncertainty in the model is also briefly explored. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Napelenok, Sergey L.; Foley, Kristen M.; Mathur, Rohit; Pierce, Thomas; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kang, Daiwen] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), EPA MD E243-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 24 BP 4091 EP 4098 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.030 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 796IU UT WOS:000293045800020 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Knudsen, TB Reif, DM Houck, KA Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Knudsen, Thomas B. Reif, David M. Houck, Keith A. Judson, Richard S. Kavlock, Robert J. Dix, David J. TI Predictive Model of Rat Reproductive Toxicity from ToxCast High Throughput Screening SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE female reproductive tract; fertility; male reproductive tract; predictive toxicology; reproductive toxicity; toxicology ID KAPPA-B INTERACTIONS; METHOXYCHLOR EXPOSURE; AH RECEPTOR; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; CHEMICALS; MICE; FOLLICULOGENESIS; METABOLITES; MECHANISMS AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast research program uses high throughput screening (HTS) for profiling bioactivity and predicting the toxicity of large numbers of chemicals. ToxCast Phase I tested 309 well-characterized chemicals in more than 500 assays for a wide range of molecular targets and cellular responses. Of the 309 environmental chemicals in Phase I, 256 were linked to high-quality rat multigeneration reproductive toxicity studies in the relational Toxicity Reference Database. Reproductive toxicants were defined here as having achieved a reproductive lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of less than 500 mg kg(-1) day(-1). Eight-six chemicals were identified as reproductive toxicants in the rat, and 68 of those had sufficient in vitro bioactivity to model. Each assay was assessed for univariate association with the identified reproductive toxicants. Significantly associated assays were linked to gene sets and used for the subsequent predictive modeling. Using linear discriminant analysis and fivefold cross-validation, a robust and stable predictive model was produced capable of identifying rodent reproductive toxicants with 77% +/- 2% and 74% +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) training and test cross-validation balanced accuracies, respectively. With a 21-chemical external validation set, the model was 76% accurate, further indicating the model's potential for prioritizing the many thousands of environmental chemicals with little to no hazard information. The biological features of the model include steroidal and nonsteroidal nuclear receptors, cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition, G protein-coupled receptors, and cell signaling pathway readouts-mechanistic information suggesting additional targeted, integrated testing strategies and potential applications of in vitro HTS to risk assessment. C1 [Martin, Matthew T.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Reif, David M.; Houck, Keith A.; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Martin, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD D343-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM martin.matt@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 31 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 85 IS 2 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.111.090977 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 795WH UT WOS:000293008200013 PM 21565999 ER PT J AU Compton, JE Harrison, JA Dennis, RL Greaver, TL Hill, BH Jordan, SJ Walker, H Campbell, HV AF Compton, Jana E. Harrison, John A. Dennis, Robin L. Greaver, Tara L. Hill, Brian H. Jordan, Stephen J. Walker, Henry Campbell, Holly V. TI Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle: a new perspective for US decision making SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Air quality; ecosystem services; human health; human well-being; management; nitrogen; water quality ID UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; PLANT DIVERSITY; DRINKING-WATER; TROPHIC LEVELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; NITRATE AB Human alteration of the nitrogen (N) cycle has produced benefits for health and well-being, but excess N has altered many ecosystems and degraded air and water quality. US regulations mandate protection of the environment in terms that directly connect to ecosystem services. Here, we review the science quantifying effects of N on key ecosystem services, and compare the costs of N-related impacts or mitigation using the metric of cost per unit of N. Damage costs to the provision of clean air, reflected by impaired human respiratory health, are well characterized and fairly high (e. g. costs of ozone and particulate damages of $28 per kg NOx-N). Damage to services associated with productivity, biodiversity, recreation and clean water are less certain and although generally lower, these costs are quite variable (< $2.2-56 per kg N). In the current Chesapeake Bay restoration effort, for example, the collection of available damage costs clearly exceeds the projected abatement costs to reduce N loads to the Bay ($8-15 per kg N). Explicit consideration and accounting of effects on multiple ecosystem services provides decision-makers an integrated view of N sources, damages and abatement costs to address the significant challenges associated with reducing N pollution. C1 [Compton, Jana E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Harrison, John A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Greaver, Tara L.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Jordan, Stephen J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Walker, Henry] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Campbell, Holly V.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM compton.jana@epa.gov RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Paul Ringold and Dan Sobota for discussions of this research, and Anne Rea and three anonymous referees for helpful reviews of the manuscript. This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 97 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 14 U2 150 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 14 IS 8 BP 804 EP 815 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01631.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793ZY UT WOS:000292864400011 PM 21624028 ER PT J AU Hiibel, SR Pereyra, LP Breazeal, MVR Reisman, DJ Reardon, KF Pruden, A AF Hiibel, Sage R. Pereyra, Luciana P. Breazeal, Maria V. Riquelme Reisman, David J. Reardon, Kenneth F. Pruden, Amy TI Effect of Organic Substrate on the Microbial Community Structure in Pilot-Scale Sulfate-Reducing Biochemical Reactors Treating Mine Drainage SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; environmental microbiology; microbial ecology; molecular biological methods; sulfate-reduction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROBIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA; PASSIVE REMEDIATION; METAL REMOVAL; BACTERIA; WATER; POPULATIONS AB Passive biological systems such as sulfate-reducing biochemical reactors have shown promise for treatment of mine drainage because of their low cost, minimal maintenance, and constructability in remote locations. However, few criteria exist for their design and operation. In particular, the impact of the choice of carbon substrate is poorly understood. This study represents the first to directly compare the effect of simple and complex organic substrate on microbial communities present in pilot-scale biochemical reactors treating mine drainage. Three organic substrates were evaluated: ethanol (ETOH), hay and pine wood chips (HYWD), and corn stover and pine wood chips (CSWD). Microbial community compositions were characterized by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA and apsA genes corresponding to the sulfur cycle. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to quantify Desulfovibrio-Desulfomicrobium spp. and methanogens. Results revealed differences in microbial compositions and relative quantities of total and sulfate-reducing bacteria among reactors. Notably, the greatest proportion of sulfate-reducing bacteria was observed in the ETOH reactors. HYWD and CSWD reactors contained similar bacterial communities, which were highly complex in composition relative to the ETOH reactors. Methanogens were found to be present in all reactors at low levels and were highest in the lignocellulose-based reactors. Interestingly, higher proportions of aerobic Thiobacillus spp. were detected in two reactors that experienced an oxygen exposure during operation. This study demonstrates that both substrate and environmental stress influence both microbial community composition and diversity in biochemical reactors treating mine drainage. While there were no significant differences in performance observed over the time scale of this study, potential long-term implications of the differing microbial communities on performance are discussed. C1 [Breazeal, Maria V. Riquelme; Pruden, Amy] Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm & Water Resources Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hiibel, Sage R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Pereyra, Luciana P.; Reardon, Kenneth F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reisman, David J.] US EPA, Engn Tech Support Ctr, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pruden, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm & Water Resources Program, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM apruden@vt.edu RI Reardon, Kenneth/A-1952-2016 OI Reardon, Kenneth/0000-0002-7753-4049 FU EPA Office of Research and Development's Engineering Technical Support Center under Golder Associates, Inc. [GS-10F00130N DO 1101]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0651947] FX This work was supported by the EPA Office of Research and Development's Engineering Technical Support Center, under contract with Golder Associates, Inc., Contract # GS-10F00130N DO #1101 (David Reisman, Project Officer; reisman.david@epa.gov), and by the Water Research Experience for Undergraduates program at CSU sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Funding was also provided by the National Science Foundation Award CBET-0651947; the findings do not necessarily represent the opinions of NSF. This research has undergone EPA peer and policy review, and has been cleared for publication. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the Agency. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 29 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 8 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1089/ees.2010.0237 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 795LL UT WOS:000292975600003 ER PT J AU Awkerman, JA Marshall, MR Williams, AB Gale, GA Cooper, RJ Raimondo, S AF Awkerman, Jill A. Marshall, Matthew R. Williams, Alan B. Gale, George A. Cooper, Robert J. Raimondo, Sandy TI ASSESSMENT OF INDIRECT PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON WORM-EATING WARBLER POPULATIONS IN A MANAGED FOREST ECOSYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pesticide; Insecticide; Indirect effects; Risk assessment; Bacillus thuringiensis ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GRASSLAND SONGBIRDS; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FARMLAND BIRDS AB Ecological risk assessments rarely evaluate indirect pesticide effects. Pesticides causing no direct mortality in wildlife can still reduce prey availability, resulting in a lower reproductive rate or poor juvenile condition. Few studies have examined these consequences at the population level. We use a four-year data set from a forest ecosystem in which Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) was applied to control gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.). Lower worm-eating warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus) productivity on Btk plots contributed to an intrinsic growth rate <1. Altered provisioning behavior by adults led to lower nestling mass in Btk-treated plots, and simulations of reduced juvenile survival expected as a result further reduced population growth rate. The present study explored different spatial representations of treated areas, using a two-patch matrix model incorporating dispersal. Minimal migration from areas with increasing subpopulations could compensate for detrimental reductions in reproductive success and juvenile survival within treated subpopulations. We also simulated population dynamics with different proportions of treated areas to inform management strategies in similar systems. Nontoxic insecticides are capable of impacting nontarget populations with consistent, long-term use and should be evaluated based on the spatial connectivity representative of habitat availability and the time period appropriate for risk assessment of pesticide effects in wildlife populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1843-1851. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Awkerman, Jill A.; Raimondo, Sandy] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Marshall, Matthew R.] Natl Pk Serv, Eastern Rivers & Mountains Network, University Pk, PA USA. [Williams, Alan B.] Natl Pk Serv, Luray, VA USA. [Gale, George A.] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand. [Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Awkerman, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. EM awkerman.jill@epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service; West Virginia University [94-543A-UGRF]; USDA National Research Initiative [96-35101-3909]; BBIRD program; University of Memphis; University of Georgia; Southeastern Working Group of Partners in Flight FX Many technicians contributed to data collection in George Washington National Forest. Funding was provided by a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service grant to R.J. Cooper subcontracted through West Virginia University (subcontract 94-543A-UGRF), a USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program to R.J. Cooper and G. A. Gale (contract 96-35101-3909), and support from the BBIRD program. Additional support was provided by the University of Memphis, University of Georgia, and West Virginia University. We thank the Southeastern Working Group of Partners in Flight for facilitating the funding and direction of this research. This is contribution 1346 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida. This document has been subjected to review by National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval of this document by EPA internal review does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1843 EP 1851 DI 10.1002/etc.559 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 796OH UT WOS:000293060900014 PM 21538489 ER PT J AU Ganini, D Christoff, M Ehrenshaft, M Kadiiska, MB Mason, RP Bechara, EJH AF Ganini, Douglas Christoff, Marcelo Ehrenshaft, Marilyn Kadiiska, Maria B. Mason, Ronald P. Bechara, Etelvino J. H. TI Myoglobin-H2O2 catalyzes the oxidation of beta-ketoacids to alpha-dicarbonyls: Mechanism and implications in ketosis SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Myoglobin; Acetoacetate; 2-Methylacetoacetate; Free radicals; Triplet carbonyls; Methylglyoxal; Diacetyl; Ketosis ID GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; CULTURED U937 MONOCYTES; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; XYLENOL ORANGE; RENAL-FUNCTION; RAT MODEL; ACETOACETATE; METHYLGLYOXAL AB Acetoacetate (AA) and 2-methylacetoacetate (MAA) are accumulated in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and isoleucinemia. Here we examine the mechanism of AA and MAA aerobic oxidation initiated by myoglobin (Mb)/H2O2. We propose a chemiluminescent route involving a dioxetanone intermediate whose thermolysis yields triplet alpha-dicarbonyl species (methylglyoxal and diacetyl). The observed ultraweak chemiluminescence increased linearly on raising the concentration of either Mb (10-500 mu M) or AA (10-100 mM). Oxygen uptake studies revealed that MAA is almost a 100-fold more reactive than AA. EPR spin-trapping studies with MNP/MAA revealed the intermediacy of an alpha-carbon-centered radical and acetyl radical. The latter radical, probably derived from triplet diacetyl, is totally suppressed by sorbate, a well-known quencher of triplet carbonyls. Furthermore, an EPR signal assignable to MNP-AA(center dot) adduct was observed and confirmed by isotope effects. Oxygen consumption and a-dicarbonyl yield were shown to be dependent on AA or MAA concentrations (1-50 mM) and on H2O2 or tert-butOOH added to the Mb-containing reaction mixtures. That ferrylMb is involved in a peroxidase cycle acting on the substrates is suggested by the reaction pH profiles and immunospin-trapping experiments. The generation of radicals and triplet dicarbonyl products by Mb/H2O2/beta-ketoacids may contribute to the adverse health effects of ketogenic unbalance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bechara, Etelvino J. H.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, BR-00972270 Diadema, SP, Brazil. [Ganini, Douglas; Christoff, Marcelo; Bechara, Etelvino J. H.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ehrenshaft, Marilyn; Kadiiska, Maria B.; Mason, Ronald P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Free Rad Metab Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bechara, EJH (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, Rua Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-00972270 Diadema, SP, Brazil. EM ejhbechara@gmail.com RI 3, INCT/H-4497-2013; Redoxoma, Inct/H-9962-2013; Bechara, Etelvino/M-6251-2013 OI Bechara, Etelvino/0000-0001-9526-2529 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) Redoxoma; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX This work was supported by grants from the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), the Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) Redoxoma, and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). We acknowledge Dr. Ann Motten for editing this manuscript. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 51 IS 3 BP 733 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.002 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 793XJ UT WOS:000292856900017 PM 21609760 ER PT J AU Lai, AY Wade, PA AF Lai, Anne Y. Wade, Paul A. TI Cancer biology and NuRD: a multifaceted chromatin remodelling complex SO NATURE REVIEWS CANCER LA English DT Review ID DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; MI-2/NURD COMPLEX; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; BINDING DOMAIN; PERICENTROMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; TUMOR-METASTASIS AB The nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylase (NuRD; also known as Mi-2) complex regulates gene expression at the level of chromatin. The NuRD complex has been identified - using both genetic and molecular analyses - as a key determinant of differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells and during development in various model systems. Similar to other chromatin remodellers, such as SWI/SNF and Polycomb complexes, NuRD has also been implicated in the regulation of transcriptional events that are integral to oncogenesis and cancer progression. Emerging molecular details regarding the recruitment of NuRD to specific loci during development, and the modulation of these events in cancer, are used to illustrate how the inappropriate localization of the complex could contribute to tumour biology. C1 [Lai, Anne Y.; Wade, Paul A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD D4-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [Z01ES101965] FX The authors would like to thank members of the Wade laboratory for critical comments and suggestions for this manuscript. They apologize to those whose work is not cited owing to space limitations. The authors' research is funded by the Intramural Research Program of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH (Project number Z01ES101965 to P.A.W.). NR 108 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-175X J9 NAT REV CANCER JI Nat. Rev. Cancer PD AUG PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 588 EP 596 DI 10.1038/nrc3091 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 795TH UT WOS:000292998200012 PM 21734722 ER PT J AU Price, K AF Price, Katie TI Effects of watershed topography, soils, land use, and climate on baseflow hydrology in humid regions: A review SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE baseflow; catchment; climate change; ecosystem services; environmental flows; watershed ID BLUE-RIDGE MOUNTAINS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHS; CATCHMENT TRANSIT-TIME; RIVER-BASIN; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; RUNOFF GENERATION; UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE CATCHMENT; NEW-YORK; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS AB Baseflow is the portion of streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to stream channels by delayed (usually subsurface) pathways. Understanding baseflow processes is critical to issues of water quality, supply, and habitat. This review synthesizes the body of global literature investigating relationships between baseflow and watershed characteristics of geomorphology, soil, and land use, as well as the potential effects of climate change, with an emphasis on humid, tropical and temperate (non-snowpack-dominated) regions. Such factors are key controls on baseflow through their influence on infiltration, rates of water removal from the catchment, and subsurface storage properties. The literature shows that there is much that remains to be resolved in gaining a solid understanding of the influence of watershed characteristics on baseflow. While it is clear that watershed geomorphology influences baseflow, there is no consensus on which geomorphic parameters are most closely linked to subsurface storage and baseflow. Many studies associate higher watershed forest cover with lower baseflows, attributed to high evapotranspiration rates of forests, while other studies indicate increased baseflow with higher watershed forest cover due to higher infiltration and recharge of subsurface storage. The demonstrated effects of agriculture and urbanization are also inconsistent, due to varied additions of imported water and extremely variable background conditions. This review underscores the need for more research that addresses multiple aspects of the watershed system in explaining baseflows, and for methodological consistency to allow for more fruitful comparisons across case studies. These needs are of immediate demand, given scientific and management emphasis on environmental flows required for maintenance of key ecosystem services. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. RP Price, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. EM price.katie@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [F6C20808]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [BCS-0702857]; University of Georgia (UGA); University of Georgia Women's Club; Coweeta LTER (NSF) [DEB-0218001] FX Funding was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) fellowship F6C20808, National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement award BCS-0702857, the University of Georgia (UGA) Research Foundation, and the University of Georgia Women's Club. Additional support was generously provided by the Coweeta LTER (NSF cooperative agreement DEB-0218001). NR 223 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 16 U2 208 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 EI 1477-0296 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 465 EP 492 DI 10.1177/0309133311402714 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 794IN UT WOS:000292888900003 ER PT J AU Dinse, GE Umbach, DM AF Dinse, Gregg E. Umbach, David M. TI Characterizing non-constant relative potency SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dose conversion; Dose response; ED50; Hill model; Non-similar dose-response curves; Relative potency factor ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; CYP1A2 ENZYME-ACTIVITY; DOSE-RESPONSE CURVES; BIOASSAYS; INDUCTION; FAMILIES; MODEL AB Relative potency plays an important role in toxicology. Estimates of relative potency are used to rank chemicals by their effects, to calculate equivalent doses of test chemicals compared to a standard, and to weight contributions of constituent chemicals when evaluating mixtures. Typically relative potency is characterized by a constant dilution factor, even when non-similar dose-response curves indicate that constancy is inappropriate. Improperly regarding relative potency as constant may distort conclusions and potentially mislead investigators or policymakers. We consider a more general approach that allows relative potency to vary as a function of dose, response, or response quantile. Distinct functions can be defined, each generalizing different but equivalent descriptions of constant relative potency. When two chemicals have identical response limits, these functions all carry fundamentally equivalent information; otherwise, relative potency as a function of response quantile is distinct and embodies a modified definition of relative potency. Which definition is preferable depends on whether one views any differences in response limits as intrinsic to the chemicals or as extrinsic, arising from idiosyncrasies of data sources. We illustrate these ideas with constructed examples and real data. Relative potency functions offer a unified and principled description of relative potency for non-similar dose-response curves. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dinse, Gregg E.; Umbach, David M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dinse, GE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Mail Drop A3-03,POB 12233,Bldg 101,Room A-349,111, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dinse@niehs.nih.gov; umbach@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-102685] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-102685). The NIH had no involvement in the study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 60 IS 3 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.05.002 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 795AM UT WOS:000292943900009 PM 21601607 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ Crofton, KM AF Shafer, T. J. Crofton, K. M. TI Comments on: 'Perinatal toxicity of cyfluthrin in mice: developmental and behavioral effects' by Soni and colleagues SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PRENATAL EXPOSURE; NEUROTOXICITY; TOLUENE; APPROPRIATE C1 [Shafer, T. J.; Crofton, K. M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1112 EP 1113 DI 10.1177/0960327111411500 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 794IV UT WOS:000292889800033 PM 21771863 ER PT J AU Svensson, G Holtslag, AAM Kumar, V Mauritsen, T Steeneveld, GJ Angevine, WM Bazile, E Beljaars, A de Bruijn, EIF Cheng, A Conangla, L Cuxart, J Ek, M Falk, MJ Freedman, F Kitagawa, H Larson, VE Lock, A Mailhot, J Masson, V Park, S Pleim, J Soderberg, S Weng, W Zampieri, M AF Svensson, G. Holtslag, A. A. M. Kumar, V. Mauritsen, T. Steeneveld, G. J. Angevine, W. M. Bazile, E. Beljaars, A. de Bruijn, E. I. F. Cheng, A. Conangla, L. Cuxart, J. Ek, M. Falk, M. J. Freedman, F. Kitagawa, H. Larson, V. E. Lock, A. Mailhot, J. Masson, V. Park, S. Pleim, J. Soderberg, S. Weng, W. Zampieri, M. TI Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Land as Represented by a Variety of Single-Column Models: The Second GABLS Experiment SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diurnal cycle; GABLS; Model intercomparison; Single-column models; Turbulence parametrizations ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE SCHEME; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; PART I; CONTRASTING NIGHTS; MORNING TRANSITION; PARAMETERIZATION; MESOSCALE; CASES-99; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB We present the main results from the second model intercomparison within the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment) Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS). The target is to examine the diurnal cycle over land in today's numerical weather prediction and climate models for operational and research purposes. The set-up of the case is based on observations taken during the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99), which was held in Kansas, USA in the early autumn with a strong diurnal cycle with no clouds present. The models are forced with a constant geostrophic wind, prescribed surface temperature and large-scale divergence. Results from 30 different model simulations and one large-eddy simulation (LES) are analyzed and compared with observations. Even though the surface temperature is prescribed, the models give variable near-surface air temperatures. This, in turn, gives rise to differences in low-level stability affecting the turbulence and the turbulent heat fluxes. The increase in modelled upward sensible heat flux during the morning transition is typically too weak and the growth of the convective boundary layer before noon is too slow. This is related to weak modelled near-surface winds during the morning hours. The agreement between the models, the LES and observations is the best during the late afternoon. From this intercomparison study, we find that modelling the diurnal cycle is still a big challenge. For the convective part of the diurnal cycle, some of the first-order schemes perform somewhat better while the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) schemes tend to be slightly better during nighttime conditions. Finer vertical resolution tends to improve results to some extent, but is certainly not the solution to all the deficiencies identified. C1 [Svensson, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Holtslag, A. A. M.; Steeneveld, G. J.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Kumar, V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Angevine, W. M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, W. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Bazile, E.; Masson, V.] Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Beljaars, A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecast, Reading, Berks, England. [de Bruijn, E. I. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Cheng, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Cheng, A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Conangla, L.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis Aplicada, Manresa, Spain. [Cuxart, J.] Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, Grp Meteorol, Ciutat De Mallorca, Spain. [Ek, M.] NOAA, Ctr Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Falk, M. J.; Larson, V. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Freedman, F.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Kitagawa, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Lock, A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Mailhot, J.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Park, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pleim, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Soderberg, S.] WeatherTech Scandinavia, Uppsala, Sweden. [Weng, W.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Zampieri, M.] CNR, ISAC, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Svensson, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM gunilla@misu.su.se RI Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481; NR 60 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 177 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9611-7 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 789YW UT WOS:000292556600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Chang, L Yu, LL Liu, JC Chen, JJ Li, XW Lazarus, LH Li, TY AF Zhang, Liang Chang, Lei Yu, Lei Lei Liu, Jin Chun Chen, Jia Jia Li, Xiao Wen Lazarus, Lawrence H. Li, Ting You TI Endomorphin analogues with balanced affinity for both mu- and delta-opioid receptors SO CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Endomorphin; Opioid; Analgesics ID POTENT; ANTAGONISTS; AGONISTS; LIGANDS AB Analogues of endomorphin and tripeptides modified at positions 4 and 3, respectively, with various phenylalanine analogues were synthesized and their affinities for opioid receptors were evaluated. Most of the peptides exhibited potent mu-receptor affinity and selectivity, among them, compound 7 (Dmt-Pro-Tmp-Tmp-NH(2)) exhibited potent affinity for both mu- and delta-receptors (K(i)mu = 0.47 nmol/L, K(i)delta = 1.63 nmol/L). (C) 2011 Ting You Li. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Liang; Chang, Lei; Yu, Lei Lei; Liu, Jin Chun; Chen, Jia Jia; Li, Xiao Wen; Li, Ting You] Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Nanjing 210029, Peoples R China. [Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Li, TY (reprint author), Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Nanjing 210029, Peoples R China. EM litingyou@yahoo.com.cn FU NIH; NIEHS; [08KJB350002]; [08NMUZ028] FX This work was supported by grants 08KJB350002 and 08NMUZ028, and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1001-8417 J9 CHINESE CHEM LETT JI Chin. Chem. Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 22 IS 8 BP 907 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.01.035 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 789RW UT WOS:000292535000007 ER PT J AU Dymecki, S Ray, R Brust, R Jensen, P Kim, JC Corcoran, A Richerson, G Nattie, E AF Dymecki, Susan Ray, Russell Brust, Rachael Jensen, Patricia Kim, Jun Chul Corcoran, Andrea Richerson, George Nattie, Eugene TI Redefining brain serotonergic neurons by genetic lineage and selective in vivo silencing SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUL 21-25, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Dev Biol C1 [Dymecki, Susan] Harvard Med Sch Genet, Boston, MA USA. [Ray, Russell; Brust, Rachael] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Jensen, Patricia] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kim, Jun Chul] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Corcoran, Andrea; Nattie, Eugene] Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH USA. [Richerson, George] UI Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA USA. OI Brust, Rachael/0000-0001-5375-6731 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 356 IS 1 MA 37 BP 117 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.054 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 792XT UT WOS:000292784400042 ER PT J AU Johansson, E Vesper, S Levin, L LeMasters, G Grinshpun, S Reponen, T AF Johansson, E. Vesper, S. Levin, L. LeMasters, G. Grinshpun, S. Reponen, T. TI Streptomycetes in house dust: associations with housing characteristics and endotoxin SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Pets; Moisture damage; Risk assessment; Predictive model ID DAMAGED BUILDING-MATERIALS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; AIRBORNE ENDOTOXIN; MICROBIAL EXPOSURE; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GERMAN HOMES; BIRTH COHORT; ASTHMA; CHILDHOOD AB In addition to mold, indoor bioaerosols also contain bacterial components that may have implications for human health. Endotoxin is a cell wall component in Gram-negative bacteria present at varying levels indoors that has been found to have respiratory health implications. Streptomyces is a large genus of Gram-positive bacteria, and some species have been shown to produce inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of streptomycetes levels in house dust and to compare the variation in streptomycetes levels with that in endotoxin levels. Dust was collected by floor vacuuming from 178 homes in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. Streptomycetes levels were measured by quantitative PCR, and endotoxin was assayed by the Limulus amebocyte lysate method. Associations between home characteristics and bacterial contaminants, expressed as concentration and load, were investigated through multiple regression analyses. The presence of two or more dogs was a strong predictor of both streptomycetes and endotoxin levels. Season of dust collection and levels of outdoor molds were predictors of streptomycetes but not endotoxin levels. In contrast, number of inhabitants was a significant predictor of endotoxin load only. Neither streptomycetes nor endotoxin levels were associated with metrics of moisture damage. C1 [Johansson, E.; Levin, L.; LeMasters, G.; Grinshpun, S.; Reponen, T.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Vesper, S.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Reponen, T (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, POB 670056,3223 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Tiina.Reponen@uc.edu FU NIEHS [ES10957]; US Department of Housing and Urban Development [OHLHH0162-07]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [ES11170] FX This study was supported by the NIEHS grant ES10957. The home assessment was supported by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development grant #OHLHH0162-07. The CCAAPS birth cohort study was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant ES11170 The authors are thankful for Drs. Aino Nevalainen and Helena Rintala for their useful advice about Streptomyces PCR analysis. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00702.x PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 789ZD UT WOS:000292557400005 PM 21204988 ER PT J AU Buse, HY Ashbolt, NJ AF Buse, H. Y. Ashbolt, N. J. TI Differential growth of Legionella pneumophila strains within a range of amoebae at various temperatures associated with in-premise plumbing SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drinking water; Legionella; protozoa; virulence and water quality ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; HOT-WATER-SYSTEMS; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; DRINKING-WATER; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; TAP WATER; VIRULENCE AB Aims: The potential effect of in-premise plumbing temperatures (24, 32, 37 and 41 degrees C) on the growth of five different Legionella pneumophila strains within free-living amoebae (Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Hartmannella vermiformis and Naegleria fowleri) was examined. Methods and Results: Compared with controls that actively fed on Escherichia coli prey, when Leg. pneumophila was used as prey, strains Lp02 and Bloomington-2 increased in growth at 30, 32 and 37 degrees C while strains Philadelphia-1 and Chicago 2 did not grow at any temperature within A. polyphaga. Strains Lp02, Bloomington-2 and Dallas 1E did not proliferate in the presence of H. vermiformis nor did strain Philadelphia-1 in the presence of N. fowleri. Yet, strain Bloomington-2 grew at all temperatures examined within N. fowleri, while strain Lp02 proliferated at all temperatures except 41 degrees C. More intriguing, strain Chicago 2 only grew at 32 degrees C within H. vermiformis and N. fowleri suggesting a limited temperature growth range for this strain. Conclusions: Identifying the presence of pathogenic legionellae may require the use of multiple host amoebae and incubation temperatures. Significance and Impact of the Study: Temperature conditions and species of amoeba host supported in drinking water appear to be important for the selection of human-pathogenic legionellae and point to future research required to better understand Legionella ecology. C1 [Buse, H. Y.; Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Buse, HY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM buse.helen@epa.gov NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03094.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 790AP UT WOS:000292561200015 PM 21623847 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Brooks, JR Dragila, MI Meinzer, FC AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Brooks, J. Renee Dragila, Maria I. Meinzer, Frederick C. TI In situ separation of root hydraulic redistribution of soil water from liquid and vapor transport SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Diffusivity; Hydraulic lift; Ponderosa pine; Hydraulic conductivity; Vapor flow ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DAILY TEMPERATURE WAVE; PONDEROSA PINE; FIELD SOILS; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; LIFT; EVAPORATION; MOISTURE AB Nocturnal increases in water potential (psi) and water content (theta) in the upper soil profile are often attributed to root water efflux, a process termed hydraulic redistribution (HR). However, unsaturated liquid or vapor flux of water between soil layers independent of roots also contributes to the daily recovery in theta (Delta theta), confounding efforts to determine the actual magnitude of HR. We estimated liquid (J (l)) and vapor (J (v)) soil water fluxes and their impacts on quantifying HR in a seasonally dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest by applying existing datasets of psi, theta and temperature (T) to soil water transport equations. As soil drying progressed, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity declined rapidly such that J (l) was irrelevant (< 2E-05 mm h(-1) at 0-60 cm depths) to total water flux by early August. Vapor flux was estimated to be the highest in upper soil (0-15 cm), driven by large T fluctuations, and confounded the role of HR, if any, in nocturnal theta dynamics. Within the 15-35 cm layer, J (v) contributed up to 40% of hourly increases in nocturnal soil moisture. While both HR and net soil water flux between adjacent layers contribute to theta in the 15-65 cm soil layer, HR was the dominant process and accounted for at least 80% of the daily recovery in theta. The absolute magnitude of HR is not easily quantified, yet total diurnal fluctuations in upper soil water content can be quantified and modeled, and remain highly applicable for establishing the magnitude and temporal dynamics of total ecosystem water flux. C1 [Warren, Jeffrey M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brooks, J. Renee] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Dragila, Maria I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM warrenjm@ornl.gov RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; USDA Forest Service; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.; We gratefully thank James Irvine and Bev Law for providing site data, including temperature profiles, and Rob Coulombe, J.C. Domec and David Woodruff for fieldwork. We appreciate comments from Gerald Flerchinger on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, by the USDA Forest Service Ecosystem Processes Program and by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This manuscript has been subjected to the Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2011 VL 166 IS 4 BP 899 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1953-9 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793KG UT WOS:000292819800005 PM 21400193 ER PT J AU Levin, ED Bushnell, PJ Rezvani, AH AF Levin, Edward D. Bushnell, Philip J. Rezvani, Amir H. TI Attention-modulating effects of cognitive enhancers SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Sustained attention; Cognition; Animal models; Treatment; Signal detection ID REACTION-TIME-TASK; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RAT; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SIGNAL-DETECTION TASK; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; RADIAL-ARM MAZE; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; BASAL FOREBRAIN; ANIMAL-MODEL; FEMALE RATS AB Attention can be readily measured in experimental animal models. Animal models of attention have been used to better understand the neural systems involved in attention, how attention is impaired, and how therapeutic treatments can ameliorate attentional deficits. This review focuses on the ways in which animal models are used to better understand the neuronal mechanism of attention and how to develop new therapeutic treatments for attentional impairment. Several behavioral test methods have been developed for experimental animal studies of attention, including a 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), a signal detection task (SDT), and a novel object recognition (NOR) test. These tasks can be used together with genetic, lesion, pharmacological and behavioral models of attentional impairment to test the efficacy of novel therapeutic treatments. The most prominent genetic model is the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Well-characterized lesion models include frontal cortical or hippocampal lesions. Pharmacological models include challenge with the NMDA glutamate antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801), the nicotinic cholinergic antagonist mecamylamine and the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. Behavioral models include distracting stimuli and attenuated target stimuli. Important validation of these behavioral tests and models of attentional impairments for developing effective treatments for attentional dysfunction is the fact that stimulant treatments effective for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as methylphenidate (Ritalin (R)), are effective in the experimental animal models. Newer lines of treatment including nicotinic agonists, alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptor desensitizers, and histamine H(3) antagonists, have also been found to be effective in improving attention in these animal models. Good carryover has also been seen for the attentional improvement caused by nicotine in experimental animal models and in human populations. Animal models of attention can be effectively used for the development of new treatments of attentional impairment in ADHD and other syndromes in which have attentional impairments occur, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Levin, Edward D.; Rezvani, Amir H.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Toxic Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Levin, ED (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 104790, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM edlevin@duke.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH064494, R01 MH064494-05] NR 76 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 99 IS 2 SI SI BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.008 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 791OA UT WOS:000292673300004 PM 21334367 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Scheckel, KG Kempson, IM AF Lombi, Enzo Scheckel, Kirk G. Kempson, Ivan M. TI In situ analysis of metal(loid)s in plants: State of the art and artefacts SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Metals; Metalloids; Spectroscopy; Elemental distribution; Speciation ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; PIXE SOFTWARE PACKAGE; HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-PRAECOX; EDGE COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY; FROZEN-HYDRATED STATE; ABLATION-ICP-MS; TOF-SIMS AB Metals and metalloids play important roles in plant function and metabolism. Likewise, plants subsequently introduce vital dietary nutrition to people and animals. Understanding the transport, localisation and speciation of these elements is critical for understanding availability and metabolic pathways. Subsequently this knowledge can be applied to plant physiology and agricultural research, food science and genetic engineering. This review focuses on the most recent status of in situ techniques to visualise spatial distributions and assess the speciation of metals and metalloids. The techniques addressed include: histochemical analysis, autoradiography, LA-ICP-MS, SIMS, SEM including EDX. PIXE; and synchrotron methods: XRF, differential and fluorescence tomography, and X-ray absorption techniques. This review has been written with the intent of plant researchers to gain familiarity with techniques to which they are not accustom but wish to extend their research with alternative, but complementary, capabilities. Importantly, the disadvantages as well as advantages, have been highlighted for each technique and potential artefacts induced by the analysis or sample preparation are reviewed. These often overlooked aspects are the points critical for novice use of unfamiliar techniques and are offered for advancing research approaches commensurate with the accelerating interest regarding metal(loid)s in botanical specimens. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lombi, Enzo] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Lombi, Enzo] CRC CARE, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Kempson, Ivan M.] Univ S Australia, Ian Work Res Inst, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Kempson, Ivan M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Lombi, E (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg 10,Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. EM enzo.lombi@unisa.edu.au RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Kempson, Ivan/F-4526-2013; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Kempson, Ivan/0000-0002-3886-9516 NR 166 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 9 U2 106 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 72 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.04.005 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 773IC UT WOS:000291299200002 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP Cole, FA AF Ferraro, Steven P. Cole, Faith A. TI Ecological periodic tables for benthic macrofaunal usage of estuarine habitats in the US Pacific Northwest SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benthic macrofauna; ecological periodic tables; ecosystem engineers; habitats; USA, Washington, Grays Harbor; USA, Washington, Willapa Bay ID SEAGRASS LANDSCAPES; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ZOSTERA-JAPONICA; WILLAPA BAY; WASHINGTON; VALUATION; PATTERNS; DENSITY; FAUNA AB This study shows that spatially and temporally recurring benthic macrofauna habitat patterns validate the ecological relevance of habitat types to benthic macrofauna and suggest they can serve as elements in ecological periodic tables of benthic macrofaunal usage. We discovered patterns across nine habitat types (intertidal eelgrass [Zostera marina], dwarf eelgrass [Zostera japonica], oyster [Crassostrea gigas] ground culture, burrowing mud shrimp [Upogebia pugettensis], burrowing ghost shrimp [Neotrypaea californiensis], shell, sand, mud, and subtidal) on a variety of benthic macrofaunal community state variables in Grays Harbor, Washington, USA and compared them to those in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. There were nominal differences in benthic macrofaunal Bray Curtis similarity between all the habitats investigated except eelgrass and oyster in both estuaries. Across-habitat patterns on mean benthic macrofaunal species richness, abundance, biomass, abundance of deposit, suspension and facultative feeders, a dominance and a diversity index for the five habitats common to both studies were the same on a rank measurement scale: eelgrass approximate to oyster > mud shrimp > ghost shrimp subtidal. The patterns for most of the habitats and benthic macrofaunal measures were the same on a ratio measurement scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ferraro, Steven P.; Cole, Faith A.] US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ferraro.steven@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX We thank S. Rumrill for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript, B. Dumbauld and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing the airboat used in our habitat-mapping survey, T. Morris and Coast Seafood for providing a workboat and operator for a field sampling crew, J. Ljubenkov, J. Cordell, K. Welch, S. Weeks, J. Lamberson, B. Coleman, P. Clinton, J. Power, J. Chapman, S. Kimball, A. Taylor, C. Folger, D. Scarborough, G. Heine, J. Sackinger, C. Schowalter, G. Wendling, J. Zumbolo, L Holcomb, D. Tuffs, W. Reuther, A. Kinney, and C. Zora for their technical assistance, and Grays Harbor property owners and oyster growers for their cooperation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, funded this research, which has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL 30 PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.05.011 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 810TQ UT WOS:000294150400004 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. TI Trichloroacetic acid: Updated estimates of its bioavailability and its contribution to trichloroethylene-induced mouse hepatomegaly SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; Trichloroethylene; Metabolism; Trichoroacetic acid; Hepatomegaly ID MALE B6C3F1 MICE; AL. PBPK MODEL; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; ENTEROHEPATIC RECIRCULATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; CHLORAL HYDRATE; F344 RATS AB Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common drinking water disinfection byproduct that produces a spectrum of liver effects, including hepatomegaly and liver tumors, in mice. It is also an oxidative metabolite of trichloroethylene (ICE), a solvent used in degreasing with widespread environmental exposure, which also produces hepatomegaly and liver tumors in mice. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of TCE and TCA can be used to quantitatively compare the dose-responses for hepatomegaly for these two chemicals on the basis of internal TCA dose, and thereby test the hypothesis that TCA could fully explain TCE-induced hepatomegaly. Previously, using a PBPK model calibrated using kinetic data from iv. and gavage dosing of TCA and from TCA produced from TCE, it was concluded that TCA accounted for only about one-fifth of the degree of hepatomegaly produced by TCE. However, recently available data suggest a non-linear change in internal TCA dose attributed to a dose-dependent fractional absorption of TCA administered in drinking water, the primary route of exposure of TCA both environmentally and in experimental toxicity studies. Therefore, in the present reanalysis, the PBPK modeling of TCA was updated using these data and the comparison between TCA- and TCE-induced hepatomegaly was revisited using updated internal dose predictions. With respect to updated PBPK modeling results, incorporating less than complete absorption of TCA administered in drinking water substantially improves the PBPK model fit to the newly available data, based on goodness-of-fit comparison. However, inter-experimental variability is high, with nearly complete absorption estimated for some studies. With respect to the comparison of TCA and TCA-induced hepatomegaly, this reanalysis predicts that TCA can account for roughly one-third to one-half of the effect observed with TCE.- greater than previously reported, but still inconsistent with TCA being the sole active moiety for this effect. However, given uncertainty as to the precise degree of contribution of TCA and due to high inter-experimental variability in estimated fractional absorption, a more precise quantitative estimate of the relative contribution of TCA may obtained through an appropriate experiment in mice simultaneously measuring TCA kinetics and TCE- and TCA-induced hepatomegaly. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Chiu, Weihsueh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, 8623P,2 Potomac Yard,N Bldg,2733 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 29 PY 2011 VL 285 IS 3 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2011.04.009 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 788WW UT WOS:000292476100005 PM 21549800 ER PT J AU Larocque, GR Yue, TX Peng, CH Bhatti, J Etterson, MA Kazanci, C Goethals, P AF Larocque, Guy R. Yue, Tian-Xiang Peng, Changhui Bhatti, Jagtar Etterson, Matthew A. Kazanci, Caner Goethals, Peter TI Selected papers presented in symposia organized at the 2009 conference of the International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) in Quebec City, Canada, October 6-9, 2009 Preface SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Larocque, Guy R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Yue, Tian-Xiang] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Bhatti, Jagtar] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Kazanci, Caner] Univ Georgia, Dept Math, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kazanci, Caner] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Goethals, Peter] Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Stn St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM Guy.Larocque@NRCan.gc.ca; yue@lreis.ac.cn; peng.changhui@uqam.ca; jbhatti@nrcan.gc.ca; Etterson.Matthew@epamail.epa.gov; caner@uga.edu; goethals@ugent.be RI Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2169 EP 2171 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.005 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700001 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Ellis-Felege, SN Evers, D Gauthier, G Grzybowski, JA Mattsson, BJ Nagy, LR Olsen, BJ Pease, CM Post van der Burg, M Potvien, A AF Etterson, Matthew A. Ellis-Felege, Susan N. Evers, David Gauthier, Gilles Grzybowski, Joseph A. Mattsson, Brady J. Nagy, Laura R. Olsen, Brian J. Pease, Craig M. Post van der Burg, Max Potvien, Aaron TI Modeling fecundity in birds: Conceptual overview, current models, and considerations for future developments SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling CY OCT 06-09, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling DE Birds; Seasonal fecundity; Reproductive success; Individual-based model; Markov chain; Partial differential equations ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ANNUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; CLUTCH-SIZE; NEST PREDATION; BREEDING SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSH; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; MULTIBROODED SONGBIRDS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION AB Fecundity is fundamental to the fitness, population dynamics, conservation, and management of birds. For all the efforts made to measure fecundity or its surrogates over the past century of avian research, it is still mismeasured, misrepresented, and misunderstood. Fundamentally, these problems arise because of partial observability of underlying processes such as renesting, multiple brooding, and temporary emigration. Over the last several decades, various analytical approaches have been developed to estimate fecundity from incomplete and biased data. These, include scalar arithmetic formulae, partial differential equations, individual-based simulations, and Markov chain methodology. In this paper, we: (1) identify component processes of avian reproduction; (2) review existing methods for modeling fecundity; (3) place these diverse models under a common conceptual framework; (4) describe the parameterization, validation, and limitations of such models; and (5) point out future considerations and challenges in the application of fecundity models. We hope this synthesis of existing literature will help direct researchers toward the most appropriate methods to assess avian reproductive success for answering questions in evolutionary ecology, natural history, population dynamics, reproductive toxicology, and management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55803 USA. [Ellis-Felege, Susan N.; Mattsson, Brady J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Evers, David] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Grzybowski, Joseph A.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Coll Math & Sci, Edmond, OK USA. [Grzybowski, Joseph A.] Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK USA. [Nagy, Laura R.] Tetra Tech EC, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pease, Craig M.] Vermont Law Sch, Environm Law Ctr, S Royalton, VT 05068 USA. [Post van der Burg, Max] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Potvien, Aaron] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55803 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015; OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538; Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194 NR 139 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2178 EP 2190 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.013 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700003 ER PT J AU Larocque, GR Mailly, D Yue, TX Anand, M Peng, C Kazanci, C Etterson, M Goethals, P Jorgensen, SE Schramski, JR McIntire, EJB Marceau, DJ Chen, B Chen, GQ Yang, ZF Novotna, B Luckai, N Bhatti, JS Liu, J Munson, A Gordon, AM Ascough, JC AF Larocque, G. R. Mailly, D. Yue, T-X. Anand, M. Peng, C. Kazanci, C. Etterson, M. Goethals, P. Jorgensen, S. E. Schramski, J. R. McIntire, E. J. B. Marceau, D. J. Chen, B. Chen, G. Q. Yang, Z. F. Novotna, B. Luckai, N. Bhatti, J. S. Liu, J. Munson, A. Gordon, A. M. Ascough, J. C., II TI Common challenges for ecological modelling: Synthesis of facilitated discussions held at the symposia organized for the 2009 conference of the International Society for Ecological Modelling in Quebec City, Canada, (October 6-9, 2009) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling CY OCT 06-09, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling DE ISEM 2009; Symposia; Facilitation; Ecological models; Scientific discussions ID RIVER-BASIN; FRAMEWORK; COLLABORATION; MANAGEMENT; CARBON AB The eleven symposia organized for the 2009 conference of the International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM 2009) held in Quebec City, Canada, October 6-9, 2009, included facilitated discussion sessions following formal presentations. Each symposium focused on a specific subject, and all the subjects could be classified into three broad categories: theoretical development, population dynamics and ecosystem processes. Following discussions with the symposia organizers, which indicated that they all shared similar issues and concerns, the facilitated discussions were task-oriented around four basic questions: (1) key challenges in the research area, (2) generating and sharing new ideas, (3) improving collaboration and networking, and (4) increasing visibility to decision-makers, partners and clients. Common challenges that emerged from the symposia included the need for improved communication and collaboration among different academic disciplines, further progress in both theoretical and practical modelling approaches, and accentuation of technology transfer. Regarding the generation and sharing of new ideas, the main issue that emerged was the type of positive interactions that should be encouraged among potential collaborators. The usefulness of the Internet, particularly for the sharing of open-source software and conducting discussion forums, was highlighted for improving collaboration and networking. Several communication tools are available today, and it is important for modellers to use them more intensively. Visibility can be increased by publishing professional newsletters, maintaining informal contacts with the public, organizing educational sessions in primary and secondary schools, and developing simplified analytical frameworks and pilot studies. Specific issues raised in each symposium are also discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larocque, G. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Mailly, D.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Yue, T-X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Anand, M.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Peng, C.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Kazanci, C.] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Dept Math, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Etterson, M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Goethals, P.] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Jorgensen, S. E.] Univ Copenhagen, DK-3500 Vaerloese, Denmark. [Schramski, J. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn Syst & Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr 406, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McIntire, E. J. B.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Marceau, D. J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Schulich Sch Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Chen, B.; Yang, Z. F.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Chen, G. Q.] Peking Univ, Natl Lab Turbulence & Complex Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Novotna, B.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Soils & Crops Res & Dev Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. [Luckai, N.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Bhatti, J. S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Liu, J.] SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Munson, A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Gordon, A. M.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Stn Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM Guy.Larocque@NRCan.gc.ca RI McIntire, Eliot/F-7995-2011; Chen, Bin/A-6951-2012; Chen, G. Q./B-5407-2012; Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012 OI McIntire, Eliot/0000-0002-6914-8316; Chen, Bin/0000-0002-5488-6850; Chen, G. Q./0000-0003-1173-6796; NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2456 EP 2468 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.017 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700024 ER PT J AU Johnston, JM McGarvey, DJ Barber, MC Laniak, G Babendreier, J Parmar, R Wolfe, K Kraemer, SR Cyterski, M Knightes, C Rashleigh, B Suarez, L Ambrose, R AF Johnston, John M. McGarvey, Daniel J. Barber, M. Craig Laniak, Gerry Babendreier, Justin Parmar, Rajbir Wolfe, Kurt Kraemer, Stephen R. Cyterski, Michael Knightes, Chris Rashleigh, Brenda Suarez, Luis Ambrose, Robert TI An integrated modeling framework for performing environmental assessments: Application to ecosystem services in the Albemarle-Pamlico basins (NC and VA, USA) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Integrated environmental modeling; Ecosystem services; Water quality; Freshwater fisheries; Bioaccumulation; Mercury ID HEADWATER STREAMS; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; METHYLMERCURY; NUTRIENT; FOREST AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency uses environmental models to inform rulemaking and policy decisions at multiple spatial and temporal scales. As decision-making has moved towards integrated thinking and assessment (e.g. media, site, region, services), the increasing complexity and interdisciplinary nature of modern environmental problems has necessitated a new generation of integrated modeling technologies. Environmental modelers are now faced with the challenge of determining how data from manifold sources, types of process-based and empirical models, and hardware/software computing infrastructure can be reliably integrated and applied to protect human health and the environment. In this study, we demonstrate an Integrated Modeling Framework that allows us to predict the state of freshwater ecosystem services within and across the Albemarle-Pamlico Watershed, North Carolina and Virginia (USA). The Framework consists of three facilitating technologies: Data for Environmental Modeling automates the collection and standardization of input data; the Framework for Risk Assessment of Multimedia Environmental Systems manages the flow of information between linked models; and the Supercomputer for Model Uncertainty and Sensitivity Evaluation is a hardware and software parallel-computing interface with pre/post-processing analysis tools, including parameter estimation, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. In this application, five environmental models are linked within the Framework to provide multimedia simulation capabilities: the Soil Water Assessment Tool predicts watershed runoff; the Watershed Mercury Model simulates mercury runoff and loading to streams; the Water quality Analysis and Simulation Program predicts water quality within the stream channel; the Habitat Suitability Index model predicts physicochemical habitat quality for individual fish species; and the Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator predicts fish growth and production, as well as exposure and bioaccumulation of toxic substances (e.g., mercury). Using this Framework, we present a baseline assessment of two freshwater ecosystem services-water quality and fisheries resources-in headwater streams throughout the Albemarle-Pamlico. A stratified random sample of 50 headwater streams is used to draw inferences about the target population of headwater streams across the region. Input data is developed for a twenty-year baseline simulation in each sampled stream using current land use and climate conditions. Monte Carlo sampling (n = 100 iterations per stream) is also used to demonstrate some of the Framework's experimental design and data analysis features. To evaluate model performance and accuracy, we compare initial (i.e., uncalibrated) model predictions (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fish density, and methylmercury concentration within fish tissue) against empirical field data. Finally, we 'roll-up' the results from individual streams, to assess freshwater ecosystem services at the regional scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnston, John M.; McGarvey, Daniel J.; Barber, M. Craig; Laniak, Gerry; Babendreier, Justin; Parmar, Rajbir; Wolfe, Kurt; Kraemer, Stephen R.; Cyterski, Michael; Knightes, Chris; Rashleigh, Brenda; Suarez, Luis; Ambrose, Robert] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Johnston, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM johnston.johnm@epa.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2471 EP 2484 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.036 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700026 ER PT J AU Johnson, KC Durbin, TD Jung, HJ Cocker, DR Bishnu, D Giannelli, R AF Johnson, Kent C. Durbin, Thomas D. Jung, Heejung Cocker, David R., III Bishnu, Dipak Giannelli, Robert TI Quantifying In-Use PM Measurements for Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING EMISSIONS; ENGINES AB Heavy duty emissions regulations have recently expanded from the laboratory to include in-use requirements. This paradigm shift to in-use testing has forced the development of portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for particulate matter (PM). These PM measurements are not trivial for laboratory work, and are even more complex for in-use testing. This study evaluates five PM PEMS in comparison to UCR's mobile reference laboratory under in-use conditions. Three on-highway, heavy-duty trucks were selected to provide PM emissions levels from 0.1 to 0.0003 g/hp-h, with varying compositions of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate. The on-road driving courses included segments near sea level, at elevations up to 1500 m, and coastal and desert regions. The photoacoustic measurement PEMS performed best for the non-aftertreatment system (ATS)-equipped engine, where the PM was mostly EC, with a linear regression slope of 0.91 and an R(2) of 0.95. The PEMS did not perform as well for the 2007 modified ATS equipped, engines. The best performing PEMS showed a slope of 0.16 for the ATS-equipped engine with predominantly sulfate emissions and 0.89 for the ATS-equipped engine with predominantly OC emissions, with the next best slope at 0.45 for the predominantly OC engine. C1 [Johnson, Kent C.; Durbin, Thomas D.; Jung, Heejung; Cocker, David R., III] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cocker, David R., III] Calif Air Resources Board CARB, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Giannelli, Robert] US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Johnson, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM kjohnson@cert.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010; OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769; Jung, Heejung/0000-0003-0366-7284 FU California Air Resources Board (CARB); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Engine Manufacturer's Association (EMA) FX The California Air Resources Board (CARB), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Engine Manufacturer's Association (EMA) funded this work. The authors acknowledge the support of the Measurement Allowance Steering Committee (MASC) for assistance in developing and carrying out this, program. We acknowledge Sensors Inc., Horiba, and AVL for providing the PM PEMS as an in-kind contribution for a part of the program. We acknowledge Caterpillar, PACCAR, and International for the use of their PM PEMS equipment. We also acknowledge Caterpillar, Volvo and Cummins for their onsite engineering assistance. Lastly, we acknowledge Mr. Donald Pacocha and Mr. Joe Valdez, University of California at Riverside, for their contribution in setting up and executing this field project, the data collection and quality control. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 14 BP 6073 EP 6079 DI 10.1021/es104151v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793UU UT WOS:000292850200023 PM 21662983 ER PT J AU Colman, J Rice, GE Wright, JM Hunter, ES Teuschler, LK Lipscomb, JC Hertzberg, RC Simmons, JE Fransen, M Osier, M Narotsky, MG AF Colman, Joan Rice, Glenn E. Wright, J. Michael Hunter, E. Sidney, III Teuschler, Linda K. Lipscomb, John C. Hertzberg, Richard C. Simmons, Jane Ellen Fransen, Margaret Osier, Mark Narotsky, Michael G. TI Identification of developmentally toxic drinking water disinfection byproducts and evaluation of data relevant to mode of action SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mode of action; Developmental toxicity; Drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs); Spontaneous abortion; Full-litter resorption; Cardiovascular malformation; Neural tube defect; Low birth weight ID WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; LONG-EVANS RATS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; 2-GENERATION REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; DIBROMOACETIC ACID DBA; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SODIUM-CHLORITE; FETAL-GROWTH; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE BDCM; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE AB Reactions between chemicals used to disinfect drinking water and compounds present in source waters produce chemical mixtures containing hundreds of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although the results have been somewhat inconsistent, some epidemiological studies suggest associations may exist between DBP exposures and adverse developmental outcomes. The potencies of individual DBPs in rodent and rabbit developmental bioassays suggest that no individual DBP can account for the relative risk estimates reported in the positive epidemiologic studies, leading to the hypothesis that these outcomes could result from the toxicity of DBP mixtures. As a first step in a mixtures risk assessment for DBP developmental effects, this paper identifies developmentally toxic DBPs and examines data relevant to the mode of action (MOA) for DBP developmental toxicity. We identified 24 developmentally toxic DBPs and four adverse developmental outcomes associated with human DBP exposures: spontaneous abortion, cardiovascular defects, neural tube defects, and low birth weight infancy. A plausible MOA, involving hormonal disruption of pregnancy, is delineated for spontaneous abortion, which some epidemiologic studies associate with total trihalomethane and bromodichloromethane exposures. The DBP data for the other three outcomes were inadequate to define key MOA steps. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rice, Glenn E.; Wright, J. Michael; Teuschler, Linda K.; Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Colman, Joan; Fransen, Margaret; Osier, Mark] SRC Inc, Chem Biol & Environm Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. [Hunter, E. Sidney, III; Simmons, Jane Ellen; Narotsky, Michael G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hertzberg, Richard C.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Health, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rice, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.glenn@epa.gov NR 184 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 100 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.002 PG 27 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700004 PM 21296098 ER PT J AU Gunasekar, PG Stanek, LW AF Gunasekar, Palur G. Stanek, Lindsay W. TI Advances in exposure and toxicity assessment of particulate matter: An overview of presentations at the 2009 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; Tungsten alloys; Middle East dust; Aerosol collection; Epidemiology; Health effect AB The 2009 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference (TRAC) session on "Advances in Exposure and Toxicity Assessment of Particulate Matter" was held in April 2009 in West Chester, OH. The goal of this session was to bring together toxicology, geology and risk assessment experts from the Department of Defense and academia to examine issues in exposure assessment and report on recent epidemiological findings of health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) exposure. Important aspects of PM exposure research are to detect and monitor low levels of PM with various chemical compositions and to assess the health risks associated with these exposures. As part of the overall theme, some presenters discussed collection methods for sand and dust from Iraqi and Afghanistan regions, health issues among deployed personnel, and future directions for risk assessment research among these populations. The remaining speakers focused on the toxicity of ultrafine PM and the characterization of aerosols generated during ballistic impacts of tungsten heavy alloys. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gunasekar, Palur G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. [Stanek, Lindsay W.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gunasekar, PG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. EM palur.gunasekar@wpafb.af.mil; Stanek.Lindsay@epa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.020 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700008 PM 21034760 ER PT J AU Petersen, DD AF Petersen, Dan D. TI Common plant toxicology: A comparison of national and Southwest Ohio data trends on plant poisonings in the 21st century SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant poisoning; Plant toxicology; Poisonous plants; Poison control center ID DERMATITIS; INGESTION; OXALATE; IVY AB Data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) and the Cincinnati-based Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) were analyzed to determine the incidence and trends of human plant poisonings since the year 2000. Approximately 3.4% of the approximately 4.3 million annual calls to the AAPCC centers involved plants, with a higher fraction (4.5%) for pediatric exposures. Nearly 70% of plant exposures occurred in children under six. Only 8% of cases required treatment in a health-care facility, and only 0.1% ( in 2008) were considered severe outcomes. The most prominent groups of plants involved in exposures are those containing oxalates, and the most common symptom is gastroenteritis. The top 12 identified plants (in descending order) nationally were Spathiphyllum species (peace lilly), Philodendron species ( philodendron), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinssettia), Ilex species (holly), Phytolacca americana (pokeweed), Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy), Capsicum (pepper), Ficus (rubber tree, weeping fig), Crassula argentea (jade plant), Diffenbachia (dumb cane), Epipremnum areum (pothos) and Schlumbergera bridesii (Christmas cactus). Broad overlaps between the DPIC and the AAPCC incidence data were noted, with essentially the same plant species in each dataset. The nature of the various toxins, the symptomatology and potential treatments are discussed for the highest ranking plant species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Petersen, DD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM petersen.dan@epa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.022 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700010 PM 21034756 ER PT J AU Murnyak, G Vandenberg, J Yaroschak, PJ Williams, L Prabhakaran, K Hinz, J AF Murnyak, George Vandenberg, John Yaroschak, Paul J. Williams, Larry Prabhakaran, Krishnan Hinz, John TI Emerging contaminants: Presentations at the 2009 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Emerging contaminants; Environment, safety and health; Health risk assessment AB A session entitled "Emerging Contaminants" was held in April 2009 in Cincinnati, OH at the 2009 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference. The purpose of the session was to share information on both programmatic and technical aspects associated with emerging contaminants. Emerging contaminants are chemicals or materials that are characterized by a perceived or real threat to human health or environment, a lack of published health standards or an evolving standard. A contaminant may also be "emerging" because of the discovery of a new source, a new pathway to humans, or a new detection method or technology. The session included five speakers representing the Department of Defense (DoD), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and each of the military services. The DoD created the Emerging Contaminant Directorate to proactively address environmental, health, and safety concerns associated with emerging contaminants. This session described the scan-watch-action list process, impact assessment methodology, and integrated risk management concept that DoD has implemented to manage emerging contaminants. EPA presented emerging trends in health risk assessment. Researchers made technical presentations on the status of some emerging contaminates in the assessment process (i.e. manganese, RDX, and naphthalene). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vandenberg, John] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Murnyak, G (reprint author), 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM George.murnyak@us.army.mil; Vandenberg.John@epamail.epa.gov; Paul.Yaroschak@osd.mil; Larry.williams45@us.army.mil; Krishnan.Prabhakaran.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; John.Hinz@brooks.af.mil OI Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Center for Environmental Assessment and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.021 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700012 PM 21034762 ER PT J AU Gehlhaus, MW Gift, JS Hogan, KA Kopylev, L Schlosser, PM Kadry, AR AF Gehlhaus, Martin W., III Gift, Jeffrey S. Hogan, Karen A. Kopylev, Leonid Schlosser, Paul M. Kadry, Abdel-Razak TI Approaches to cancer assessment in EPA's Integrated Risk Information System SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cancer; Dose-response modeling; Mode of action; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models; Risk assessment; Statistical methods ID MONOBUTYL ETHER 2-BUTOXYETHANOL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; HALOGENATED PROPANES; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; BUTOXYACETIC ACID; MICRONUCLEUS TEST; B6C3F1 MICE; RAT; TOXICITY AB The US. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program develops assessments of health effects that may result from chronic exposure to chemicals in the environment. The IRIS database contains more than 540 assessments. When supported by available data, IRIS assessments provide quantitative analyses of carcinogenic effects. Since publication of EPA's 2005 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, IRIS cancer assessments have implemented new approaches recommended in these guidelines and expanded the use of complex scientific methods to perform quantitative dose-response assessments. Two case studies of the application of the mode of action framework from the 2005 Cancer Guidelines are presented in this paper. The first is a case study of 1,2,3-trichloropropane, as an example of a chemical with a mutagenic mode of carcinogenic action thus warranting the application of age-dependent adjustment factors for early-life exposure; the second is a case study of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, as an example of a chemical with a carcinogenic action consistent with a nonlinear extrapolation approach. The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to quantify interindividual variability and account for human parameter uncertainty as part of a quantitative cancer assessment is illustrated using a case study involving probabilistic PBPK modeling for dichloromethane. We also discuss statistical issues in assessing trends and model fit for tumor dose-response data, analysis of the combined risk from multiple types of tumors. and application of life-table methods for using human data to derive cancer risk estimates. These issues reflect the complexity and challenges faced in assessing the carcinogenic risks from exposure to environmental chemicals, and provide a view of the current trends in IRIS carcinogenicity risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gehlhaus, Martin W., III] US EPA, ORD NCEA 8601P, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gift, Jeffrey S.; Schlosser, Paul M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gehlhaus, MW (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NCEA 8601P, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Gehlhaus.Martin@epa.gov; Gift.Jeff@epa.gov; Hogan.Karen@epa.gov; Kopylev.Leonid@epa.gov; Schlosser.Paul@epa.gov; Kadry.Abdel@epa.gov OI Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108 NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.019 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700013 PM 21034767 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Gift, JS Zhao, QJ AF Davis, J. Allen Gift, Jeffrey S. Zhao, Q. Jay TI Introduction to benchmark dose methods and US EPA's benchmark dose software (BMDS) version 2.1.1 SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benchmark dose; Risk assessment; Benchmark dose software; NOAEL; Dose-response; Point of departure; Dichotomous data; Continuous data; Nested data ID CONTINUOUS END-POINTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; RATS AB Traditionally, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) approach has been used to determine the point of departure (POD) from animal toxicology data for use in human health risk assessments. However, this approach is subject to substantial limitations that have been well defined, such as strict dependence on the dose selection, dose spacing, and sample size of the study from which the critical effect has been identified. Also, the NOAEL approach fails to take into consideration the shape of the dose-response curve and other related information. The benchmark dose (BMD) method, originally proposed as an alternative to the NOAEL methodology in the 1980s, addresses many of the limitations of the NOAEL method. It is less dependent on dose selection and spacing, and it takes into account the shape of the dose-response curve. In addition, the estimation of a BMD 95% lower bound confidence limit (BMDL) results in a POD that appropriately accounts for study quality (i.e., sample size). With the recent advent of user-friendly BMD software programs, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Benchmark Dose Software (BMDS), BMD has become the method of choice for many health organizations world-wide. This paper discusses the BMD methods and corresponding software (i.e., BMDS version 2.1.1) that have been developed by the U.S. EPA, and includes a comparison with recently released European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) BMD guidance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Davis, J. Allen; Gift, Jeffrey S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhao, Q. Jay] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM davis.allen@epa.gov NR 28 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.016 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700014 PM 21034758 ER PT J AU Broyles, CD AF Broyles, Cristopher D. TI A model for considering different discourse communities within the toxicological and environmental sciences: an approach for addressing jargon and personally subjective vocabulary SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jargon; Discourse; Audience analysis; Personally subjective vocabulary; Science writing; Ethnography AB Discourse speak is a powerful communication shorthand between individuals in the same discourse group. Discourse speak consists of both jargon, the unique but understood terminology used in the discourse group, and a member's own personally subjective vocabulary, wording that is commonly used in the discourse group but has no true consensus-based meaning. It is my observation that sometimes when scientists write, they generally focus solely on content (the pedant's stance), and, consequently, can fail to consciously consider audience, and, by extension, they fail to anticipate that their publication may reach beyond their own discourse group. If scientists do not consciously consider their intended audience and do not adapt their language for "outsiders" who might be part of the audience, the usefulness of the publication becomes limited because the intended meaning can be lost. Thus, as explained in the subsequent commentary, effective communication in the sciences not only involves defendable science but, also, a conscious perception of audience through a deliberate recognition of one's own discourse speak. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, IntelliTech Syst Inc, US Environm Protect Agcy, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Broyles, CD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, IntelliTech Syst Inc, US Environm Protect Agcy, 3144 Presidential Dr, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. EM Broyles.cris@epamail.epa.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.015 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700018 PM 21034765 ER PT J AU Kesic, MJ Simmons, SO Bauer, R Jaspers, I AF Kesic, Matthew J. Simmons, Steven O. Bauer, Rebecca Jaspers, Ilona TI Nrf2 expression modifies influenza A entry and replication in nasal epithelial cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Nrf2; Influenza; Nasal epithelial cells; Viral entry ID EBOLA-VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; TOBACCO-SMOKE EXPOSURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SERINE PROTEASES; GENE-EXPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; TEA CATECHINS; HUMAN AIRWAY; VIRAL ENTRY; RIG-I AB Influenza infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially during pandemics outbreaks. Emerging data indicate that phase II antioxidant enzyme pathways could play a role in virus-associated inflammation and immune clearance. While Nrf2-dependent gene expression is known to modify inflammation, a mechanistic role in viral susceptibility and clearance has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we utilized differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (NEC) and an enzymatic virus-like particle entry assay, to examine the role Nrf2-dependent gene expression has on viral entry and replication. Herein, lentiviral vectors that express Nrf2-specific short hairpin (sh)-RNA effectively decreased both Nrf2 mRNA and Nrf2 protein expression in transduced human NEC from healthy volunteers. Nrf2 knockdown correlated with a significant increase in influenza virus entry and replication. Conversely, supplementation with the potent Nrf2 activators sulforaphane (SFN) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) significantly decreased viral entry and replication. The suppressive effects of EGCG on viral replication were abolished in cells with knocked-down Nrf2 expression, suggesting a causal relationship between the EGCG-induced activation of Nrf2 and the ability to protect against viral infection. Interestingly, the induction of Nrf2 via nutritional supplements SFN and EGCG increased antiviral mediators/responses: RIG-I, IFN-beta, and MxA at baseline in the absence of infection. Our data indicate that there is an inverse relationship between the levels of Nrf2 expression and the viral entry/replication. We also demonstrate that supplementation with Nrf2-activating antioxidants inhibits viral replication in human NEC, which may prove to be an attractive therapeutic intervention. Taken together, these data indicate potential mechanisms by which Nrf2-dependent gene expression regulates susceptibility to influenza in human epithelial cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kesic, Matthew J.; Bauer, Rebecca; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kesic, Matthew J.; Bauer, Rebecca; Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Simmons, Steven O.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kesic, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Campus Box 7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kesic@email.unc.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH [HL095163]; Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI); Environmental Protection Agency [CR829522]; NIEHS [T32 ES007126-26] FX We thank Ms. Luisa E. Brighton for her expert technical assistance. We also acknowledge VLP plasmids and technical assistance from Adolfo Garcia-Sastre's laboratory, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. The project described was in part supported by Grant HL095163 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, a grant from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI), and a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (CR829522) (all I.J.). This research was also supported by Grant T32 ES007126-26 NIEHS Curriculum of Toxicology Training Grant. NR 71 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.027 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 787BV UT WOS:000292352500020 PM 21549835 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Doreswamy, V Diaz-Sanchez, D Samet, JM Kesic, M Dailey, L Zhang, WL Jaspers, I Peden, DB AF Wu, Weidong Doreswamy, Vinod Diaz-Sanchez, David Samet, James M. Kesic, Matt Dailey, Lisa Zhang, Wenli Jaspers, Ilona Peden, David B. TI GSTM1 modulation of IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ozone SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Ozone; IL-8; GSTM1; Human bronchial epithelial cells; ROS; NF-kappa B; Free radicals ID NF-KAPPA-B; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; INTERLEUKIN-8 GENE-EXPRESSION; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; REACTIVE OXYGEN; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; IN-VITRO AB Exposure to the major air pollutant ozone can aggravate asthma and other lung diseases. Our recent study in human volunteers has shown that the glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1)-null genotype is associated with increased airway neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled ozone. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of GSTM1 modulation on interleukin 8 (IL-8) production in ozone-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and the underlying mechanisms. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to 0.4 ppm ozone for 4 h significantly increased IL-8 release, with a modest reduction in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Ozone exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NE-kappa B activation. Pharmacological inhibition of NE-kappa B activation or mutation of the IL-8 promoter at the kappa B-binding site significantly blocked ozone-induced IL-8 production or IL-8 transcriptional activity, respectively. Knockdown of GSTM1 in BEAS-2B cells enhanced ozone-induced NE-kappa B activation and IL-8 production. Consistently, an ozone-induced overt increase in IL-8 production was detected in GSTM1-null primary human bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, supplementation with reduced GSH inhibited ozone-induced ROS production, NF-kappa B activation, and IL-8 production. Taken together, GSTM1 deficiency enhances ozone-induced IL-8 production, which is mediated by generated ROS and subsequent NE-kappa B activation in human bronchial epithelial cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Weidong; Kesic, Matt; Zhang, Wenli; Jaspers, Ilona; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wu, Weidong; Doreswamy, Vinod; Jaspers, Ilona; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David; Samet, James M.; Dailey, Lisa] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wu, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Weidong_Wu@med.unc.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [U19AI077437]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [RC1ES018417, R01ES016535] FX This work was supported by Grant U19AI077437 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Grants RC1ES018417 and R01ES016535 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences or the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 82 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 522 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 787BV UT WOS:000292352500028 PM 21621609 ER PT J AU Rieth, SH Chapman, GD AF Rieth, Susan H. Chapman, Gail D. TI Toxicology and risk assessment conference 2009-Toxicology and risk assessment from the trenches: An overview SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rieth, Susan H.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rieth, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, MC 8601P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 2 SI SI BP 138 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.009 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 793HJ UT WOS:000292810700007 PM 21740991 ER PT J AU Burch, LH AF Burch, Lauranell H. TI MUC5B Promoter Polymorphism and Pulmonary Fibrosis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Burch, LH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM burchl@niehs.nih.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 14 PY 2011 VL 365 IS 2 BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 791SP UT WOS:000292685500022 PM 21751916 ER PT J AU Jack, J Wambaugh, JF Shah, I AF Jack, John Wambaugh, John F. Shah, Imran TI Simulating Quantitative Cellular Responses Using Asynchronous Threshold Boolean Network Ensembles SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVER-CELLS; MODEL; CYCLE; HEPATOCYTES; DYNAMICS; PATHWAY; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS AB Background: With increasing knowledge about the potential mechanisms underlying cellular functions, it is becoming feasible to predict the response of biological systems to genetic and environmental perturbations. Due to the lack of homogeneity in living tissues it is difficult to estimate the physiological effect of chemicals, including potential toxicity. Here we investigate a biologically motivated model for estimating tissue level responses by aggregating the behavior of a cell population. We assume that the molecular state of individual cells is independently governed by discrete non-deterministic signaling mechanisms. This results in noisy but highly reproducible aggregate level responses that are consistent with experimental data. Results: We developed an asynchronous threshold Boolean network simulation algorithm to model signal transduction in a single cell, and then used an ensemble of these models to estimate the aggregate response across a cell population. Using published data, we derived a putative crosstalk network involving growth factors and cytokines - i.e., Epidermal Growth Factor, Insulin, Insulin like Growth Factor Type 1, and Tumor Necrosis Factor a - to describe early signaling events in cell proliferation signal transduction. Reproducibility of the modeling technique across ensembles of Boolean networks representing cell populations is investigated. Furthermore, we compare our simulation results to experimental observations of hepatocytes reported in the literature. Conclusion: A systematic analysis of the results following differential stimulation of this model by growth factors and cytokines suggests that: (a) using Boolean network ensembles with asynchronous updating provides biologically plausible noisy individual cellular responses with reproducible mean behavior for large cell populations, and (b) with sufficient data our model can estimate the response to different concentrations of extracellular ligands. Our results suggest that this approach is both quantitative, allowing statistical verification and calibration, and extensible, allowing modification and revision as guided by experimental evidence. The simulation methodology is part of the US EPA Virtual Liver, which is investigating the effects of everyday contaminants on living tissues. Future models will incorporate additional crosstalk surrounding proliferation as well as the putative effects of xenobiotics on these signaling cascades within hepatocytes. C1 [Jack, John; Wambaugh, John F.; Shah, Imran] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shah, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shah.imran@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD JUL 11 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 109 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-5-109 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 802IO UT WOS:000293503300001 PM 21745399 ER PT J AU Tano, JY Smedlund, K Lee, R Abramowitz, J Birnbaumer, L Vazquez, G AF Tano, Jean-Yves Smedlund, Kathryn Lee, Robert Abramowitz, Joel Birnbaumer, Lutz Vazquez, Guillermo TI Impairment of survival signaling and efferocytosis in TRPC3-deficient macrophages SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE TRPC proteins; Calcium influx; Calcium channels; Macrophage survival; Apoptosis ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TRPC3 CHANNELS; ACTIVATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; APOPTOSIS; INCREASES; PROTEINS; CALCIUM; DISEASE AB We have recently shown that in macrophages proper operation of the survival pathways phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) has an obligatory requirement for constitutive, non-regulated Ca(2+) influx. In the present work we examined if Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3), a member of the TRPC family of Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels, contributes to the constitutive Ca(2+) influx that supports macrophage survival. We used bone marrow-derived macrophages obtained from TRPC3(-/-) mice to determine the activation status of survival signaling pathways, apoptosis and their efferocytic properties. Treatment of TRPC3(+/+) macrophages with the pro-apoptotic cytokine TNF alpha induced time-dependent phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha, AKT and BAD, and this was drastically reduced in TRPC3(-/-) macrophages. Compared to TRPC3(+/+) cells TRPC3(-/-) macrophages exhibited reduced constitutive cation influx, increased apoptosis and impaired efferocytosis. The present findings suggest that macrophage TRPC3, presumably through its constitutive function, contributes to survival signaling and efferocytic properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tano, Jean-Yves; Smedlund, Kathryn; Lee, Robert; Vazquez, Guillermo] Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Tano, Jean-Yves; Smedlund, Kathryn; Lee, Robert; Vazquez, Guillermo] Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Ctr Diabet & Endocrine Res, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Signal Transduct, Lab Membrane Signaling, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Vazquez, G (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, 3000 Arlington Av,UTHSC Mail Stop 1008,Hlth Sci C, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. EM Guillermo.Vazquez@utoledo.edu RI Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015; OI Smedlund, Kathryn/0000-0002-5746-8419 FU American Heart Association [SDG0635250N]; University of Toledo College of Medicine FX This work was supported by American Heart Association (SDG0635250N to G.V.) and University of Toledo College of Medicine. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 8 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 3 BP 643 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.045 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 793CJ UT WOS:000292797700047 PM 21684255 ER PT J AU Douglas, MR Slyn'ko, YV Kohl, S Lane, CR Slyn'ko, EE Douglas, ME AF Douglas, Marlis R. Slyn'ko, Yuriy V. Kohl, Steven Lane, Charles R. Slyn'ko, Elena E. Douglas, Michael E. TI Crossroad Blues: An Intersection of Rivers, Wetlands, and Public Policy SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION C1 [Douglas, Marlis R.; Douglas, Michael E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Slyn'ko, Yuriy V.; Slyn'ko, Elena E.; Douglas, Michael E.] Russian Acad Sci, ID Papanin Inst Biol Inland Waters, Lab Evolutionary Ecol, Borok, Russia. [Kohl, Steven] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Int Conservat Div, Russia E Asia Branch, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lane, Charles R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Douglas, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. OI Slynko, Elena/0000-0003-1261-1100; Douglas, Michael/0000-0001-9670-7825 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 BP 337 EP 339 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UC UT WOS:000296137300004 ER PT J AU Wu, MJ Feng, YS Sung, WP Surampalli, RY AF Wu, Ming-Ju Feng, Yun-Shu Sung, Wen-Pei Surampalli, Rao Y. TI Quantification and Analysis of Airborne Bacterial Characteristics in a Nursing Care Institution SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; REAL-TIME PCR; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; INFECTION-CONTROL; PATHOGENS; BLOOD; HOSPITALS; IMPACT AB Indoor air quality has become a critical issue because people spend most of their time in the indoor environment. The factors that influence indoor air quality are very important to environmental sanitation and air quality improvement. This study focuses on monitoring air quality, colony counts, and bacteria species of the indoor air of a nursing care institution. The regular colony counts in two different wards range from 55 to 600 cfu m(-3). Regression analysis results indicate that the bacterial colony counts have close correlation with relative humidity or carbon dioxide (CO(2)) but not with carbon monoxide (CO) or ozone (O(3)). Real-time PCR was used to quantify the bacterial pathogens of nosocomial infection, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The most abundant bacteria species in the air of the nursing care institution is E. coli. C1 [Sung, Wen-Pei] Natl Chin Yi Univ Technol, Dept Landscape Architecture, Integrated Res Ctr Green Living Technol, Taichung 41111, Taiwan. [Wu, Ming-Ju] Taichung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Feng, Yun-Shu] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Clin Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wu, Ming-Ju] Chung Shan Med Univ, Sch Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Sung, WP (reprint author), Natl Chin Yi Univ Technol, Dept Landscape Architecture, Integrated Res Ctr Green Living Technol, 35,Lane 215,Chung Shuan Rd,Sect 1, Taichung 41111, Taiwan. EM wps@ncutedu.tw FU National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China [NSC-97-3114-E-167-001] FX This research was supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China (NSC-97-3114-E-167-001). The authors are grateful to Ms. Ju-Ling Hsiao for her valuable suggestions. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as the opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 7 BP 732 EP 739 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.61.7.732 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 838EK UT WOS:000296269400003 PM 21850827 ER PT J AU Skaggs, RW Chescheir, GM Fernandez, GP Amatya, DM Diggs, J AF Skaggs, R. W. Chescheir, G. M. Fernandez, G. P. Amatya, D. M. Diggs, J. TI EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND HYDROLOGY OF DRAINED COASTAL PLAIN WATERSHEDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Drainable porosity; Drainage; DRAINMOD; ET; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrology; Land use ID CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY; QUALITY MODEL; ORGANIC SOIL; RIVER-BASIN; GIS; IMPACT AB Some of the world's most productive cropland requires artificial or improved drainage for efficient agricultural production. Soil hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity, are conventionally used in design of drainage systems. While it is recognized that these soil properties vary over a relatively wide range within a given soil series, it is generally assumed they can be approximated based on soil type, independent of crop or land use. Effects of land use on hydrology of drained soils in the North Carolina lower coastal plain were investigated by comparing hydrologic measurements on drained agricultural cropland, drained forest land (Loblolly pine), and an undrained forested wetland. Higher ET on the drained pine forest site resulted in reduced drainage outflow and deeper water tables compared to the agricultural site. Measurements for the wetland site showed water tables near the surface but annual outflows similar to the drained forest site. Field effective hydraulic conductivity in the top 70 cm of the drained forest site was more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of corresponding layers of the soil on the agricultural site. Drainable porosity, based on measured soil water characteristics, was also much higher for the forested sites. Long term (50-year) DRAINMOD simulations predicted average annual drainage outflow of 51.4 cm for the agricultural field as compared to 37.6 cm for the forested site. The difference resulted primarily from greater ET predicted for the forested site. Because of the high hydraulic conductivity of the surface layers and large surface depressional storage, predicted surface runoff from the forested site was nil, compared to an average annual runoff of 13 cm for the drained cropland site. Results of long-term simulations were used to analyze these effects for the widely variable seasonal and annual weather conditions of eastern North Carolina. C1 [Skaggs, R. W.; Chescheir, G. M.; Diggs, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fernandez, G. P.] US EPA, Atlanta, GA USA. [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC USA. RP Skaggs, RW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Skaggs@eos.ncsu.edu FU USDA NRI [98-35102-6493]; Weyerhaeuser Company; EPA FX This work was made possible by the support of USDA NRI (Contract No. 98-35102-6493), EPA 319 Program, and Weyerhaeuser Company. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Sandra McCandless, Joe Bergman, Cliff Tyson, and Joe Hughes of Weyerhaeuser Company and Wilson Huntley and Jay Frick of the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1357 EP 1365 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300016 ER PT J AU Tritscher, T Juranyi, Z Martin, M Chirico, R Gysel, M Heringa, MF DeCarlo, PF Sierau, B Prevot, ASH Weingartner, E Baltensperger, U AF Tritscher, Torsten Juranyi, Zsofia Martin, Maria Chirico, Roberto Gysel, Martin Heringa, Maarten F. DeCarlo, Peter F. Sierau, Berko Prevot, Andre S. H. Weingartner, Ernest Baltensperger, Urs TI Changes of hygroscopicity and morphology during ageing of diesel soot SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CCN; H-TDMA; aerosol; diesel soot; organics; hygroscopicity; ageing ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ENGINE COMBUSTION PARTICLES; BLACK CARBON; PARTEMIS EXPERIMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; MIXING STATE; GROWTH; MOBILITY; MASS AB Soot particles are an important component of atmospheric aerosol and their interaction with water is important for their climate effects. The hygroscopicity of fresh and photochemically aged soot and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from diesel passenger car emissions was studied under atmospherically relevant conditions in a smog chamber at sub-and supersaturation of water vapor. Fresh soot particles show no significant hygroscopic growth nor cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity. Ageing by condensation of SOA formed by photooxidation of the volatile organic carbon (VOC) emission leads to increased water uptake and CCN activity as well as to a compaction of the initially non-spherical soot particles when exposed to high relative humidity (RH). It is important to consider the latter effect for the interpretation of mobility based measurements. The vehicle with oxidation catalyst (EURO3) emits much fewer VOCs than the vehicle without after-treatment (EURO2). Consequently, more SOA is formed for the latter, resulting in more pronounced effects on particle hygroscopicity and CCN activity. Nevertheless, the aged soot particles did not reach the hygroscopicity of pure SOA particles formed from diesel VOC emissions, which are similarly hygroscopic (0.06 < kappa(H-TDMA) < 0.12 and 0.09 < kappa(CCN) < 0.14) as SOA from other precursor gases investigated in previous studies. C1 [Tritscher, Torsten; Juranyi, Zsofia; Chirico, Roberto; Gysel, Martin; Heringa, Maarten F.; DeCarlo, Peter F.; Prevot, Andre S. H.; Weingartner, Ernest; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Martin, Maria; Sierau, Berko] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Chirico, Roberto] UTAPRAD DIM, Energy & Sustainable Econ Dev ENEA, Italian Natl Agcy New Technol, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [DeCarlo, Peter F.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Tritscher, T (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM Ernest.Weingartner@psi.ch RI Heringa, Maarten/A-7506-2010; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Gysel, Martin/C-3843-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Gysel, Martin/0000-0002-7453-1264; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149 FU Competence Center Environment and Sustainability of the ETH Domain (CCES); Competence Center Energy and Mobility (CCEM); Swiss National Science Foundation; US-NSF [0701013] FX The authors thank Rene Richter and Gunther Wehrle for their great support with the construction of the H-TDMA instrument and for solving various smog chamber issues. We would like to thank Marie Laborde for her support during the measurements as well as interesting discussions on BC, and acknowledge the other people of the PSI smog chamber team. This work was supported by the IMBALANCE project of the Competence Center Environment and Sustainability of the ETH Domain (CCES), by the NEADS project of the Competence Center Energy and Mobility (CCEM), as well as the Swiss National Science Foundation. PFD is grateful for postdoctoral research support from the US-NSF (IRFP No. 0701013). NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 83 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR 034026 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826CB UT WOS:000295327900029 ER PT J AU Pachkowski, BF Guyton, KZ Sonawane, B AF Pachkowski, Brian F. Guyton, Kathryn Z. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI DNA repair during in utero development: A review of the current state of knowledge, research needs, and potential application in risk assessment SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE DNA repair; In utero; Development; Gene expression; Genotoxicity; Teratogenesis ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; HUMAN-FETAL TISSUES; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; MISMATCH REPAIR; O-6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DEFICITS; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME AB Exposure to genotoxic chemicals during in titer development may lead to outcomes such as altered gene transcription, mutations, or cell death. Ultimately, such exposures may result in cancer, malformations, or functional deficits. As a mechanism that can limit the impact of genotoxicants in adults, DNA repair may also be an important factor that determines the outcome of the conceptus. This review of the literature examines the current understanding of DNA repair during in utero mammalian development by investigating the importance of maintaining genomic integrity and factors affecting susceptibility, including DNA repair. Most data have been derived from studies in rodent models focusing on DNA repair gene expression, which can vary according to developmental stages, tissues, and DNA repair pathways. Gene expression information is limited for humans but is suggestive that the major repair pathways exist during in titer development. Due to the complexities of DNA repair and its regulation by other pathways, available gene expression data may be limited for clarifying the role of DNA repair as a mechanism controlling the response to in utero exposures to genotoxicants. While not a comprehensive dataset, functional studies assessing in utero DNA repair capacity do demonstrate the variable ability of fetal tissue to remove DNA damage. Data gaps are recognized and recommendations for additional research using stems cells and traditional embryo models are identified. Finally, a brief discussion focuses on how data regarding in titer DNA repair may ultimately be utilized in health risk assessments of genotoxic chemicals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pachkowski, Brian F.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pachkowski, BF (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,Mailcode 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pachkowski.brian@epa.gov NR 151 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD JUL-OCT PY 2011 VL 728 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.05.003 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 821MX UT WOS:000294980200004 PM 21679774 ER PT J AU Kamino, H Moore, R Negishi, M AF Kamino, Hiroki Moore, Rick Negishi, Masahiko TI Role of a novel CAR-induced gene, TUBA8, in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SO CANCER GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CAR; cell growth; cell migration; liver cancer; nuclear receptor; TUBA8 ID NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; RAT HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; TUMOR PROMOTION; TUBULIN; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; MIGRATION; PROTEIN; STRAIN AB Phenobarbital (PB), a nongenotoxic carcinogen, activates the nuclear constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR), resulting in the transcriptional induction or repression of various hepatic genes. We previously demonstrated that liver tumors developed after chronic PB treatment only when CAR is present. To understand the molecular mechanism of tumor promotion, cDNA microarray analysis was performed. We identified tubulin alpha 8 (TU8A8) as one of the candidate genes that may be involved in liver tumor promotion. Tuba8 mRNA was induced with PB treatment in mouse livers before tumor development as well as in tumor tissues. Because the functions of TUBA8 are unknown in liver, we investigated the effects of TUBA8 gene expression on cell growth, proliferation, and cell migration. Sense or antisense cDNA for Tuba8 was stably transfected into Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Exogenous overexpression of Tuba8 inhibited cell growth and proliferation in Huh7 but not in HepG2 cells, while cell migration was increased in HepG2 cells but not Huh7 cells. These results indicate that TUBA8 can play a role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and cell migration in a cell-specific manner in vitro, suggesting that TUBA8 may contribute to mouse liver tumorigenesis through these functions. C1 [Kamino, Hiroki; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Negishi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM negishi@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES1005-01] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES1005-01). We acknowledge the efforts the staff of the NIEHS DNA Sequencing Core, Flow Cytometry Center, and Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Center. We especially thank all of our laboratory members for valuable discussion. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2210-7762 J9 CANCER GENET-NY JI Cancer Genet. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 204 IS 7 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.05.007 PG 10 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 819NX UT WOS:000294834700004 PM 21872825 ER PT J AU Birkholzer, JT Nicot, JP Oldenburg, CM Zhou, QL Kraemer, S Bandilla, K AF Birkholzer, Jens T. Nicot, Jean Philippe Oldenburg, Curtis M. Zhou, Quanlin Kraemer, Stephen Bandilla, Karl TI Brine flow up a well caused by pressure perturbation from geologic carbon sequestration: Static and dynamic evaluations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Brine leakage; Pressure increase; Area of Review ID CO2 STORAGE; LEAKAGE; BASIN; DEPLOYMENT; INJECTION; AQUIFERS AB Industrial-scale storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary basins will cause zones of elevated pressure, larger than the CO2 plume itself. If permeable conduits (e.g., leaking wells) exist between the injection reservoir and overlying shallow aquifers, brine could be pushed upwards along these conduits and mix with groundwater resources. This paper discusses the potential for such brine leakage to occur in temperature- and salinity-stratified systems. Using static mass-balance calculations as well as dynamic well flow simulations, we evaluate the minimum reservoir pressure that would generate continuous migration of brine up a leaking wellbore into a freshwater aquifer. Since the brine invading the well is denser than the initial fluid in the wellbore, continuous flow only occurs if the pressure perturbation in the reservoir is large enough to overcome the increased fluid column weight after full invasion of brine into the well. If the threshold pressure is exceeded, brine flow rates are dependent on various hydraulic (and other) properties, in particular the effective permeability of the wellbore and the magnitude of pressure increase. If brine flow occurs outside of the well casing, e.g., in a permeable fracture zone between the well cement and the formation, the fluid/solute transfer between the migrating fluid and the surrounding rock units can strongly retard brine flow. At the same time, the threshold pressure for continuous flow to occur decreases compared to a case with no fluid/solute transfer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Birkholzer, Jens T.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Zhou, Quanlin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nicot, Jean Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Kraemer, Stephen; Bandilla, Karl] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Birkholzer, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtbirkholzer@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Quanlin/B-2455-2009; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Nicot, Jean-Philippe/A-3954-2009; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Zhou, Quanlin/0000-0001-6780-7536; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 FU US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and Office of Air and Radiation, under U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, National Energy Technology Laboratory, of the U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers as well as Lehua Pan of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for a careful review of the manuscript and the suggestion of improvements. This paper has also been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and Office of Air and Radiation, under an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Supplementary funding was provided by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, National Energy Technology Laboratory, of the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was performed while Karl Bandilla held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at US EPA's Ecosystems Research Division of the National Exposure Research Laboratory. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JUL PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 850 EP 861 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.01.003 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 817UA UT WOS:000294700900026 ER PT J AU Moser, VC AF Moser, Virginia C. TI Age-related differences in acute neurotoxicity produced by mevinphos, monocrotophos, dicrotophos, and phosphamidon SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase; Neurotoxicity; Motor activity; Behavior ID GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; TIME-COURSE; ESTERASE-ACTIVITIES; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; DEVELOPING RAT; DOSE-RESPONSE; TOXICITY; CHOLINESTERASE; SENSITIVITY AB Age-related differences in the acute neurotoxicity of cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting pesticides have been well-studied for a few organophosphates, but not for many others. In this study, we directly compared dose-responses using brain and red blood cell (RBC) ChE measurements, along with motor activity, for mevinphos, monocrotophos, dicrotophos, and phosphamidon. Long-Evans hooded male rats were tested as adults and at postnatal day (PND) 17; PND11 pups were also tested with dicrotophos only. All chemicals were administered via oral gavage and tests were conducted at times intended to span peak behavioral and ChE effects. All OPs tested produced a rapid onset and recovery from the behavioral effects. There were age-related differences in the inhibition of brain, but not necessarily RBC, ChE. Mevinphos was clearly more toxic, up to 4-fold, to the young rat. On the other hand, monocrotophos, dicrotophos, and phosphamidon were somewhat more toxic to the young rat, but the magnitude of the differences was <2-fold lower. Motor activity was consistently decreased in adults for all chemicals tested; however, there was more variability with the pups and clear age-related differences were only observed for mevinphos. These data show that three of these four OPs were only moderately more toxic in young rats, and further support findings that age-related differences in pesticide toxicity are chemical-specific. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moser, Virginia C.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 04, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX The author gratefully acknowledges the excellent technical assistance of Ms. K.L. McDaniel and P.M. Phillips in the conduct of these studies, and expert reviews by Drs. Stephanie Padilla and Carol Wood. This research was funded via the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development, US EPA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.012 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900003 PM 21679767 ER PT J AU Lasley, SM Gilbert, ME AF Lasley, S. M. Gilbert, M. E. TI Developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency reduces expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adults but not in neonates SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Hypothyroidism; Hippocampus; Cortex; Cerebellum; Developmental ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; NERVE-GROWTH-FACTOR; POSTNATAL THYROXINE TREATMENT; DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN; DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; HISTONE ACETYLATION; SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AB Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin critical for many developmental and physiological aspects of CNS function. Severe hypothyroidism in the early neonatal period results in developmental and cognitive impairments and reductions in mRNA and protein expression of BDNF in a number of brain regions. The present study examined the impact of modest levels of developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency on BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum in the neonatal and adult offspring of rat dams treated throughout pregnancy and lactation. Graded levels of hormone insufficiency were induced by adding propylthiouracil (PTU, 0. 1, 2, 3 and 10 ppm) to the drinking water of pregnant dams from early gestation (gestational day 6) until weaning of the pups. Pups were sacrificed on postnatal days (PN) 14 and 21, and similar to PN100, and trunk blood collected for thyroid hormone analysis. Hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum were separated from dissected brains and assessed for BDNF protein. Dose-dependent reductions in serum hormones in dams and pups were produced by PTU. Consistent with previous findings, age and regional differences in BDNF concentrations were observed. However, no differences in BDNF expression were detected in the preweanling animals as a function of PTU exposure; yet dose-dependent alterations emerged in adulthood despite the return of thyroid hormone levels to control values. Males were more affected by PTU than females, BDNF levels in hippocampus and cortex were altered but not those in cerebellum, and biphasic dose-response functions were detected in both sexes. These findings indicate that BDNF may mediate some of the adverse effects accompanying developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency, and reflect the potential for delayed impact of modest reductions in thyroid hormones during critical periods of brain development on a protein important for normal synaptic function. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lasley, S. M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.04.001 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900005 PM 21530650 ER PT J AU Moser, G AF Moser, Ginger TI Age-Related Differences in Neurotoxicity Produced by Organophosphorus and N-methyl Carbamate Pesticides SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/51st Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/24th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Coronado, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Moser, Ginger] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 496 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.020 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900017 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M AF Gilbert, Mary TI Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Low-Level Thyroid Hormone Disruption Induced by Environmental Contaminants SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/51st Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/24th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Coronado, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gilbert, Mary] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 503 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.042 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900039 ER PT J AU Jensen, K AF Jensen, Karl TI The Potential Contribution of Advanced Imaging Techniques to Developmental Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/51st Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/24th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Coronado, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Jensen, Karl] US EPA, NB, TAD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 506 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.052 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900049 ER PT J AU Raffaele, K Bergfeldt, D Burgess-Herbert, S Crofton, K Diwan, S Makris, S Segal, D Gilbert, M AF Raffaele, Kathleen Bergfeldt, Don Burgess-Herbert, Sarah Crofton, Kevin Diwan, Sanjivani Makris, Susan Segal, Deborah Gilbert, Mary TI Next Generation Risk Assessment and Developmental Neurotoxicity: Potential and Challenges in Evaluation of the Thyroid Hormonal Pathway SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/51st Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/24th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Coronado, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Raffaele, Kathleen; Bergfeldt, Don; Burgess-Herbert, Sarah; Diwan, Sanjivani; Makris, Susan; Segal, Deborah] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Crofton, Kevin; Gilbert, Mary] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 506 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.051 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900048 ER PT J AU Bushnell, P Beasley, T Boyes, W El-Masri, H Evansky, P Ford, J Gilbert, M Herr, D Lefew, W Martin, S McDaniel, K McLanahan, E MacMillan, D Moser, G Oshiro, W AF Bushnell, Philip Beasley, Tracey Boyes, William El-Masri, Hisham Evansky, Paul Ford, Jermaine Gilbert, Mary Herr, David Lefew, William Martin, Sheppard McDaniel, Kathy McLanahan, Eva MacMillan, Denise Moser, Ginger Oshiro, Wendy TI EPA Research on Health Effects of Biofuels: Studies with inhaled ethanol in rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/51st Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/24th Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 25-29, 2011 CL Coronado, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Bushnell, Philip; Beasley, Tracey; Boyes, William; El-Masri, Hisham; Evansky, Paul; Ford, Jermaine; Gilbert, Mary; Herr, David; Lefew, William; Martin, Sheppard; McDaniel, Kathy; McLanahan, Eva; MacMillan, Denise; Moser, Ginger; Oshiro, Wendy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 508 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.058 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 815LU UT WOS:000294527900055 ER PT J AU Leidy, RA Cervantes-Yoshida, K Carlson, SM AF Leidy, Robert A. Cervantes-Yoshida, Kristina Carlson, Stephanie M. TI Persistence of native fishes in small streams of the urbanized San Francisco Estuary, California: acknowledging the role of urban streams in native fish conservation SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE conservation; native fishes; persistence; San Francisco Estuary; small urban streams; TWINSPAN; urbanization ID BAY DRAINAGE; FLOW REGIME; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; RESTORATION; ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; RECOVERY AB 1. Urbanization is known to have pernicious consequences for native stream fishes globally. The San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, is one of the largest, most urbanized estuaries in North America and non-native freshwater fishes are widespread in many of its catchments. Nevertheless, a diverse native and endemic freshwater fish species assemblage remains in this region. 2. Historical records (1854-2007) were reviewed and sampling conducted throughout SFE catchments to determine the distribution of stream fishes. Native stream fishes were classified by zoogeographic type, habitat preferences, physiological tolerances, and whether native fishes utilized reservoirs during their life cycle. 3. From 1993-1999, stream fishes were sampled at 270 sites distributed in 23 SFE catchments to assess the overall status and distribution of native stream fishes, and illuminate drivers of persistence. 4. In 2009, stream fishes were sampled at 65 sites within the largest estuary catchment, Alameda Creek, to further explore distributional patterns and drivers of native fish persistence. 5. Native stream fishes persist in the urbanized SFE because of several interacting factors, including the existence of extensive undeveloped landscapes in the headwaters of many catchments, the prevalence of saltwater dispersant native stream fishes, the wide physiological tolerances of native species, the presence of saltwater barriers between catchments that presumably reduces the spread of non-native fishes, and the existence of reservoirs that function as habitat for several native species. These results emerged from both the SFE-wide and the Alameda Creek analyses, suggesting they are somewhat general for this region. 6. Study results show that streams in spatially complex urban settings retain important conservation benefits to native stream fishes, despite significant perturbations and the establishment of non-native fishes. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Leidy, Robert A.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Cervantes-Yoshida, Kristina; Carlson, Stephanie M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leidy, RA (reprint author), US EPA, 75 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM leidy.robert@epa.gov OI Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; UC Berkeley FX We thank numerous individuals who assisted with field sampling and analysis, including Garrett Leidy, Geoffrey Mitchell, and Larry Serpa. The authors thank P. L. Fiedler for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The US Environmental Protection Agency and UC Berkeley provided funding for this research. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 472 EP 483 DI 10.1002/aqc.1208 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 811CW UT WOS:000294180600008 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Speth, TF Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Speth, Thomas F. Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SIZE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; MODERN ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; AG ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; POLYOL METHOD; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; RAPID SYNTHESIS; IRRADIATION; CHEMISTRY; NANORODS; POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE AB Over the past 25 years, microwave (MW) chemistry has moved from a laboratory curiosity to a well-established synthetic technique used in many academic and industrial laboratories around the world. Although the overwhelming number of MW-assisted applications today are still performed on a laboratory (mL) scale, we expect that this enabling technology may be used on a larger, perhaps even production, scale in conjunction with radio frequency or conventional heating. Microwave chemistry is based on two main principles, the dipolar mechanism and the electrical conductor mechanism. The dipolar mechanism occurs when, under a very high frequency electric field, a polar molecule attempts to follow the field in the same alignment. When this happens, the molecules release enough heat to drive the reaction forward. In the second mechanism, the irradiated sample is an electrical conductor and the charge carriers, ions and electrons, move through the material under the influence of the electric field and lead to polarization within the sample. These induced currents and any electrical resistance will heat the sample. This Account summarizes a microwave (MW)-assisted synthetic approach for producing silver nanostructures. MW heating has received considerable attention as a promising new method for the one-pot synthesis of metallic nanostructures in solutions. Researchers have successfully demonstrated the application of this method in the preparation of silver (4), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and gold-palladium (Au-Pd) nanostructures. MW heating conditions allow not only for the preparation of spherical nanoparticles within a few minutes but also for the formation of single crystalline polygonal plates, sheets, rods, wires, tubes, and dendrites. The morphologies and sizes of the nanostructures can be controlled by changing various experimental parameters, such as the concentration of metallic salt precursors, the surfactant polymers, the chain length of the surfactant polymers, the solvents, and the operation reaction temperature. In general, nanostructures with smaller sizes, narrower size distributions, and a higher degree of crystallization have been obtained more consistently via MW heating than by heating with a conventional oil-bath. The use of microwaves to heat samples is a viable avenue for the greener synthesis of nanomaterials and provides several desirable features such as shorter reaction times, reduced energy consumption, and better product yields. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Speth, Thomas F.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.Mallikarjuna@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 68 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 22 U2 222 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 44 IS 7 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1021/ar1001457 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 802EN UT WOS:000293492200001 PM 21526846 ER PT J AU Shepherd, M Mote, T Dowd, J Roden, M Knox, P McCutcheon, SC Nelson, SE AF Shepherd, Marshall Mote, Thomas Dowd, John Roden, Mike Knox, Pamela McCutcheon, Steven C. Nelson, Steven E. TI An Overview of Synoptic and Mesoscale Factors Contributing to the Disastrous Atlanta Flood of 2009 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CUTOFF LOW; RAINFALL; URBANIZATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; HOUSTON; BASIN C1 [Shepherd, Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Climatol Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Knox, Pamela] Off State Climatologist, Athens, GA USA. [Nelson, Steven E.] Natl Weather Serv, Peachtree City, GA USA. [McCutcheon, Steven C.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. RP Shepherd, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Climatol Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM marshgeo@uga.edu OI Mote, Thomas/0000-0002-0021-0134 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP 861 EP 870 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3003.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RO UT WOS:000293827900003 ER PT J AU Moser, WE Klemm, DJ Phillips, AJ Trauth, SE Neal, RG Stanley, JW Connior, MB Flotemersch, JE AF Moser, William E. Klemm, Donald J. Phillips, Anna J. Trauth, Stanley E. Neal, Robert G. Stanley, Jonathan W. Connior, Matthew B. Flotemersch, Joseph E. TI Distribution of the Genus Philobdella (Macrobdellidae: Hirudinida), Including New Locality Records from Arkansas and Oklahoma SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Philobdella gracilis; Philobdella floridana; Macrobdellidae; Hirudinida; Hirudinea; Hirudinidae; leeches; Arkansas; Oklahoma ID LEECH; FAMILY; WORLD AB Philobdella gracilis Moore, 1901 (Macrobdellidae: Hirudinida) is reported from Arkansas and Oklahoma for the first time. Specimens were collected in creeks and ponds. The Mississippi drainage distribution of P. gracilis and eastern distribution Philobdella floridana were confirmed by reexamination of museum specimens. C1 [Moser, William E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Museum Support Ctr MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Klemm, Donald J.; Flotemersch, Joseph E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, EERD,ERB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Phillips, Anna J.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Phillips, Anna J.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Trauth, Stanley E.; Neal, Robert G.; Stanley, Jonathan W.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Connior, Matthew B.] S Arkansas Community Coll, El Dorado, AR 71731 USA. RP Moser, WE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Museum Support Ctr MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM moserw@si.edu; klemm.donald@epa.gov; ajphillips@amnh.org; strauth@astate.edu; robert.neal@astate.edu; jonathanw.stanley@smail.astate.edu; mconnior@southark.edu; flotemersch.joseph@epa.gov OI Phillips, Anna/0000-0003-4883-0022 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1654/4507.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 803WH UT WOS:000293612300023 ER PT J AU McAllister, CT Moser, WE Klemm, DJ AF McAllister, Chris T. Moser, William E. Klemm, Donald J. TI Actinobdella inequiannulata (Annelida: Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from White Crappie, Pomoxis annularis (Perciformes: Centrarchidae), in Arkansas, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE white crappie; Pomoxis annularis; Catostomidae; Centrarchidae; Actinobdella inequiannulata; Annelida; Hirudinea; Hirudinida; Rhynchobdellida; Glossiphoniidae; leech; Arkansas; Ouachita River ID FRESH-WATER LEECHES; RECORDS; MOORE AB One of 4 (25%) white crappie, Pomoxis annularis, specimens from the Ouachita River, Dallas County, Arkansas, was found to be infested with 8 glossiphoniid leeches, Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901. Leeches were removed from within the operculum on gills and gill arches. This leech is generally thought to be uncommon but has been reported previously, mainly on members of the family Catostomidae from 21 states of the United States and 5 provinces of Canada. We report a new host record and the first report of A. inequiannulata from Arkansas. C1 [McAllister, Chris T.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Moser, William E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Museum Support Ctr MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Klemm, Donald J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, EERD,ERB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP McAllister, CT (reprint author), Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, 2805 NE Lincoln Rd, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. EM cmcallister@se.edu; moserw@si.edu; klemm.donald@epa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 EI 1938-2952 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 392 EP 394 DI 10.1654/4503.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 803WH UT WOS:000293612300024 ER PT J AU Ralston-Hooper, KJ Adamec, J Jannash, A Mollenhauer, R Ochoa-Acuna, H Sepulveda, MS AF Ralston-Hooper, Kimberly J. Adamec, Jiri Jannash, Amber Mollenhauer, Robert Ochoa-Acuna, Hugo Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Use of GC x GC/TOF-MS and LC/TOF-MS for metabolomic analysis of Hyalella azteca chronically exposed to atrazine and its primary metabolite, desethylatrazine SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metabolomics; LC/TOF-MS; GC x GC/TOF-MS; atrazine; desethylatrazine; Hyalella azteca; hormesis; endocrine disruption; invertebrates ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRESH-WATER FISH; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; AROMATASE CYP19 ACTIVITY; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; GROWTH; SURVIVAL AB Atrazine is one of the most commonly detected contaminants in the U.S. Little information is available on one of atrazine's metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA). Two-dimensional gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight- mass spectrometry were used to examine metabolite profiles of Hyalella azteca chronically exposed to 30 mu g/L atrazine and DEA. The majority of identified metabolites were by-products of beta-oxidation of fatty acids suggesting possible disruption in energy metabolism. Eicosanoids increased in exposed females suggesting possible perturbations in neuropeptide hormonal systems. Overall, this research demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing metabolomic profiling of invertebrate species exposed to environmental contaminants as a way to determine mechanisms of toxicity. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ochoa-Acuna, Hugo; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ochoa-Acuna, Hugo] Dept Comparat Pathoiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Adamec, Jiri; Jannash, Amber] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr Discovery Pk, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ralston-Hooper, Kimberly J.; Mollenhauer, Robert] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0260-437X EI 1099-1263 J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1002/jat.1587 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 803NF UT WOS:000293587300002 PM 20853443 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Teng, QC Zhong, RQ Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Teng, Quincy Zhong, Ruiqin Ye, Zheng-Hua TI Molecular Dissection of Xylan Biosynthesis during Wood Formation in Poplar SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Glycosyltransferase; GT8 family; GT43 family; poplar; wood formation; xylan ID DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE; REDUCING END-GROUPS; CELL-WALL FORMATION; GLUCURONOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; HYBRID ASPEN; ARABIDOPSIS; GENE AB Xylan, being the second most abundant polysaccharide in dicot wood, is considered to be one of the factors contributing to wood biomass recalcitrance for biofuel production. To better utilize wood as biofuel feedstock, it is crucial to functionally characterize all the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis during wood formation. In this report, we investigated roles of poplar families GT43 and GT8 glycosyltransferases in xylan biosynthesis during wood formation. There exist seven GT43 genes in the genome of poplar (Populus trichocarpa), five of which, namely PtrGT43A, PtrGT43B, PtrGT43C, PtrGT43D, and PtrGT43E, were shown to be highly expressed in the developing wood and their encoded proteins were localized in the Golgi. Comprehensive genetic complementation coupled with chemical analyses demonstrated that overexpression of PtrGT43A/B/E but not PtrGT43C/D was able to rescue the xylan defects conferred by the Arabidopsis irx9 mutant, whereas overexpression of PtrGT43C/D but not PtrGT43A/B/E led to a complementation of the xylan defects in the Arabidopsis irx14 mutant. The essential roles of poplar GT43 members in xylan biosynthesis was further substantiated by RNAi down-regulation of GT43B in the hybrid poplar (Populus alba x tremula) leading to reductions in wall thickness and xylan content in wood, and an elevation in the abundance of the xylan reducing end sequence. Wood digestibility analysis revealed that cellulase digestion released more glucose from the wood of poplar GT43B RNAi lines than the control wood, indicating a decrease in wood biomass recalcitrance. Furthermore, RNAi down-regulation of another poplar wood-associated glycosyltransferase, PoGT8D, was shown to cause decreases in wall thickness and xylan content as well as in the abundance of the xylan reducing end sequence. Together, these findings demonstrate that the poplar GT43 members form two functionally non-redundant groups, namely PtrGT43A/B/E as functional orthologs of Arabidopsis IRX9 and PtrGT43C/D as functional orthologs of Arabidopsis IRX14, all of which are involved in the biosynthesis of xylan backbones, and that the poplar GT8D is essential for the biosynthesis of the xylan reducing end sequence. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Teng, Quincy] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geo-sciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER15415] FX - This work was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geo-sciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy through Grant DE-FG02-03ER15415. NR 58 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 730 EP 747 DI 10.1093/mp/ssr035 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 804CK UT WOS:000293631400015 PM 21596688 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Stiegel, MA Madden, MC Sobus, JR AF Pleil, Joachim D. Stiegel, Matthew A. Madden, Michael C. Sobus, Jon R. TI Heat map visualization of complex environmental and biomarker measurements SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Exposure science; Heat map; Environmental measurements; Biological parameters; Biomarkers; Exposome ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; GENOME; LEVEL; BLOOD; RISK AB Over the past decade, the assessment of human systems interactions with the environment has permeated all phases of environmental and public health research. We are invoking lessons learned from the broad discipline of Systems Biology research that focuses primarily on molecular and cellular networks and adapting these concepts to Systems Exposure Science which focuses on interpreting the linkage from environmental measurements and biomonitoring to the expression of biological parameters. A primary tool of systems biology is the visualization of complex genomic and proteomic data using "heat maps" which are rectangular color coded arrays indicating the intensity (or amount) of the dependent variable. Heat maps are flexible in that both the x-axis and y-axis can be arranged to explore a particular hypothesis and allow a fast overview of data with a third quantitative dimension captured as different colors. We are now adapting these tools for interpreting cumulative and aggregate environmental exposure measurements as well as the results from human biomonitoring of biological media including blood, breath and urine. This article uses existing EPA measurements of environmental and biomarker concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to demonstrate the value of the heat map approach for hypothesis development and to link back to stochastic and mixed effects models that were originally used to assess study results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.; Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stiegel, Matthew A.] US EPA, SSA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 BP 716 EP 723 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796MX UT WOS:000293056500026 PM 21492901 ER PT J AU Kraft, AD Harry, GJ AF Kraft, Andrew D. Harry, G. Jean TI Features of Microglia and Neuroinflammation Relevant to Environmental Exposure and Neurotoxicity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE neuroinflammation; microglia; neurotoxicity; neurodegeneration; cytokines; environmental exposure ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MANGANESE-INDUCED PARKINSONISM; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; OXIDATIVE STRESS CONTRIBUTES AB Microglia are resident cells of the brain involved in regulatory processes critical for development, maintenance of the neural environment, injury and repair. They belong to the monocytic-macrophage lineage and serve as brain immune cells to orchestrate innate immune responses; however, they are distinct from other tissue macrophages due to their relatively quiescent phenotype and tight regulation by the CNS microenvironment. Microglia actively survey the surrounding parenchyma and respond rapidly to changes such that any disruption to neural architecture or function can contribute to the loss in regulation of the microglia phenotype. In many models of neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity, early events of synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss are accompanied by an inflammatory response including activation of microglia, perivascular monocytes, and recruitment of leukocytes. In culture, microglia have been shown to be capable of releasing several potentially cytotoxic substances, such as reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide, proteases, arachidonic acid derivatives, excitatory amino acids, and cytokines; however, they also produce various neurotrophic factors and quench damage from free radicals and excitotoxins. As the primary source for pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia are implicated as pivotal mediators of neuroinflammation and can induce or modulate a broad spectrum of cellular responses. Neuroinflammation should be considered as a balanced network of processes whereby subtle modifications can shift the cells toward disparate outcomes. For any evaluation of neuroinflammation and microglial responses, within the framework of neurotoxicity or degeneration, one key question in determining the consequence of neuroinflammation is whether the response is an initiating event or the consequence of tissue damage. As examples of environmental exposure-related neuroinflammation in the literature, we provide an evaluation of data on manganese and diesel exhaust particles. C1 [Harry, G. Jean] NIEHS, Neurotoxicol Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kraft, Andrew D.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res Participant, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), NIEHS, Neurotoxicol Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kraft.andrew@epamail.epa.gov; harry@niehs.nih.gov FU Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [1Z01ES101623 and ES021164]; U.S. Department of Energy; EPA FX This research was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services #1Z01ES101623 and ES021164, and in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and they do not represent the NIH or U. S. EPA policy and guidance. NR 282 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUL PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2980 EP 3018 DI 10.3390/ijerph8072980 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796QS UT WOS:000293067300025 PM 21845170 ER PT J AU Macon, MB Villanueva, LR Tatum-Gibbs, K Zehr, RD Strynar, MJ Stanko, JP White, SS Helfant, L Fenton, SE AF Macon, Madisa B. Villanueva, LaTonya R. Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria Zehr, Robert D. Strynar, Mark J. Stanko, Jason P. White, Sally S. Helfant, Laurence Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Prenatal Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure in CD-1 Mice: Low-Dose Developmental Effects and Internal Dosimetry SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid; mammary gland; development; prenatal; dosimetry ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT; SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; LACTATING MICE; COMPOUNDS PFCS AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmental contaminant that causes adverse developmental effects in laboratory animals. To investigate the low-dose effects of PFOA on offspring, timed-pregnant CD-1 mice were gavage dosed with PFOA for all or half of gestation. In the full-gestation study, mice were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg PFOA/kg body weight (BW)/day from gestation days (GD) 1-17. In the late-gestation study, mice were administered 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg PFOA/kg BW/day from GD 10-17. Exposure to PFOA significantly (p < 0.05) increased offspring relative liver weights in all treatment groups in the full-gestation study and in the 1.0 mg PFOA/kg group in the late-gestation study. In both studies, the offspring of all PFOA-treated dams exhibited significantly stunted mammary epithelial growth as assessed by developmental scoring. At postnatal day 21, mammary glands from the 1.0 mg/kg GD 10-17 group had significantly less longitudinal epithelial growth and fewer terminal end buds compared with controls (p < 0.05). Evaluation of internal dosimetry in offspring revealed that PFOA concentrations remained elevated in liver and serum for up to 6 weeks and that brain concentrations were low and undetectable after 4 weeks. These data indicate that PFOA-induced effects on mammary tissue (1) occur at lower doses than effects on liver weight in CD-1 mice, an observation that may be strain specific, and (2) persist until 12 weeks of age following full-gestational exposure. Due to the low-dose sensitivity of mammary glands to PFOA in CD-1 mice, a no observable adverse effect level for mammary developmental delays was not identified in these studies. C1 [Macon, Madisa B.; Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Macon, Madisa B.; Stanko, Jason P.; White, Sally S.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Villanueva, LaTonya R.] N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Villanueva, LaTonya R.; Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria] US EPA, Dev Toxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zehr, Robert D.; Strynar, Mark J.; Helfant, Laurence] US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), POB 12233,Bldg 101,Mail Drop E1-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fentonse@niehs.nih.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; University of North Carolina Curriculum in Toxicology [5-T32 ES07126-26] FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; University of North Carolina Curriculum in Toxicology Training Grant (5-T32 ES07126-26) to M.B.M. NR 58 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 122 IS 1 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr076 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 800CT UT WOS:000293337500014 PM 21482639 ER PT J AU Davis, LK Murr, AS Best, DS Fraites, MJP Zorrilla, LM Narotsky, MG Stoker, TE Goldman, JM Cooper, RL AF Davis, Lori K. Murr, Ashley S. Best, Deborah S. Fraites, Melanie J. P. Zorrilla, Leah M. Narotsky, Michael G. Stoker, Tammy E. Goldman, Jerome M. Cooper, Ralph L. TI The effects of prenatal exposure to atrazine on pubertal and postnatal reproductive indices in the female rat SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Puberty; Atrazine; Gestational exposure; Mammary glands; Estrous cycle ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; LONG-EVANS RATS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; FISCHER-344 RATS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; WISTAR RATS; PREGNANCY; RODENT AB Atrazine (ATR) is an herbicide that exerts negative reproductive effects. We examined the effects of vehicle or ATR (1, 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg-d), administered to Sprague-Dawley rats on gestational days 14-21, once daily or divided into two doses per day, on female offspring reproductive indices. Offspring body weights at birth were reduced and mortality increased in the 100 mg/kg-d group shortly after birth; by PND 21 there were no significant effects. Vaginal opening was delayed in this group, indicating delayed puberty. No significant differences in mammary gland development were apparent at PND 45, or estrous cyclicity through PND 272. There were no differences between dosing regimens. Lower ATR doses (0-20 mg/kg-d) showed few effects in females prenatally exposed to AIR, while the high dose (100 mg/kg-d) reduced offspring body weight and delayed vaginal opening. Nonetheless, it is unlikely that environmental exposure comparable to the high dose would be encountered. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Davis, Lori K.; Murr, Ashley S.; Best, Deborah S.; Fraites, Melanie J. P.; Zorrilla, Leah M.; Narotsky, Michael G.; Stoker, Tammy E.; Goldman, Jerome M.; Cooper, Ralph L.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zorrilla, Leah M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Mail Drop 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.jerome@epa.gov NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.004 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 799YO UT WOS:000293323200005 PM 21530638 ER PT J AU Fraites, MJP Narotsky, MG Best, DS Stoker, TE Davis, LK Goldman, JM Hotchkiss, MG Klinefelter, GR Kamel, A Qian, YR Podhorniak, L Cooper, RL AF Fraites, Melanie J. P. Narotsky, Michael G. Best, Deborah S. Stoker, Tammy E. Davis, Lori K. Goldman, Jerome M. Hotchkiss, Michelle G. Klinefelter, Gary R. Kamel, Alaa Qian, Yaorong Podhorniak, Lynda Cooper, Ralph L. TI Gestational atrazine exposure: Effects on male reproductive development and metabolite distribution in the dam, fetus, and neonate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Diamino-s-chlorotriazine; Gestational exposure; Testosterone; Reproductive development; Puberty ID LONG-EVANS RATS; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; MALE WISTAR RATS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; CRITICAL PERIOD; IN-UTERO; TESTOSTERONE; PUBERTY AB Few studies have investigated the long-term effects of atrazine (ATR) following in utero exposure. We evaluated the effects of gestational exposure of Sprague Dawley dams to ATR (0, 1, 5, 20, or 100 mg/kg-d) on the reproductive development of male offspring. We also quantified the distribution of ATR and its chlorinated metabolites in maternal, fetal, and neonatal fluid and tissue samples following gestational and/or lactational exposure. Dose-dependent levels of chlorotriazines, primarily diamino-s-chlorotriazine, were present in most samples analyzed, including fetal tissue. In utero exposure to 1-20 mg/kg-d ATR did not alter testosterone production, the timing of puberty, play behavior, or other androgen-dependent endpoints of male offspring. Significant maternal toxicity and postnatal mortality were observed at 100 mg/kg-d. We conclude that, although levels of chlorotriazines within the fetus were considerable, gestational exposures of 1-20 mg/kg-d do not lead to alterations in the measures of male development examined in this study. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fraites, Melanie J. P.; Narotsky, Michael G.; Best, Deborah S.; Stoker, Tammy E.; Davis, Lori K.; Goldman, Jerome M.; Hotchkiss, Michelle G.; Cooper, Ralph L.] US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Klinefelter, Gary R.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kamel, Alaa; Qian, Yaorong; Podhorniak, Lynda] US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft Meade, NC USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrine Toxicol Branch, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MailDrop 72,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooper.ralph@epa.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.003 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 799YO UT WOS:000293323200006 PM 21530639 ER PT J AU Stanko, JP Enoch, RR Rayner, JL Davis, CC Wolf, DC Malarkey, DE Fenton, SE AF Stanko, Jason P. Enoch, Rolondo R. Rayner, Jennifer L. Davis, Christine C. Wolf, Douglas C. Malarkey, David E. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Effects of prenatal exposure to a low dose atrazine metabolite mixture on pubertal timing and prostate development of male Long-Evans rats (vol 30, pg 540, 2010) SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Stanko, Jason P.; Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, ORD NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Davis, Christine C.] US EPA, Hlth & Environm Impacts Div, OAR OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Enoch, Rolondo R.] N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Rayner, Jennifer L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Malarkey, David E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), NIEHS, NIH, NTP, CMPB, 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD E1-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fentonse@niehs.nih.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 146 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.03.007 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 799YO UT WOS:000293323200022 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JA AF Shoemaker, Jody A. TI Development and multi-laboratory verification of US EPA method 538 for the analysis of drinking water contaminants by direct aqueous injection-LC/MS/MS SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MEMBRANE EXTRACTION; THIOPHANATE-METHYL; SAMPLES; MS; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES AB A drinking water method for 11 chemicals, predominantly pesticides, is presented that addresses the occurrence monitoring needs of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a future Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). The method employs direct aqueous injection liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (DAI-LC/MS/MS). The method uses sodium omadine and ammonium acetate to preserve the drinking water samples for up to 14 days. Mean recoveries of tap water samples fortified with the method analytes at 0.99-4.0 mu g L(-1) (quinoline = 43 mu g L(-1)) are 89.3-106% with relative standard deviations of less than 8%. Single laboratory lowest concentration minimum reporting levels of 0.011-1.5 mu g L(-1) are demonstrated with this methodology. Multi-laboratory data are presented that demonstrate method ruggedness and transferability. The final method meets all of the EPA UCMR survey requirements for sample collection and storage, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The final method is expected to be proposed for use under a future UCMR. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shoemaker, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS 564,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shoemaker.jody@epa.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD JUL PY 2011 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1628 EP 1636 DI 10.1039/c1ay05134b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 795MY UT WOS:000292979500028 ER PT J AU Erickson, RJ Mount, DR Highland, TL Hockett, JR Jenson, CT AF Erickson, Russell J. Mount, David R. Highland, Terry L. Hockett, J. Russell Jenson, Correne T. TI The relative importance of waterborne and dietborne arsenic exposure on survival and growth of juvenile rainbow trout SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Rainbow trout; Dietborne exposure; Waterborne exposure; Accumulation; Speciation ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; METALS; DIET; TEMPERATURE; MONTANA; STREAMS AB Previous work demonstrated reduced growth of rainbow trout receiving diets containing environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic, but did not address the relative and combined potency of waterborne and dietborne exposures. In the current study, juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for 28 d to a range of arsenic concentrations in water and in a live oligochaete diet, separately and in combination. In clean water, fish fed worms previously exposed to arsenate at 4 or 8 mg As/L showed pronounced reductions in growth, but fish exposed to these same water concentrations and a clean diet experienced less or no effect. Increasing waterborne arsenate to 16 or 32 mg As/L had substantial effects on both growth and survival, and simultaneous exposure via both routes intensified growth effects, but not mortality. Growth reduction was strongly correlated to total arsenic accumulation in the fish tissue, regardless of the route of exposure, but mortality was better correlated to waterborne arsenic concentration. The relative concentration of total arsenic in fish viscera and in the remaining carcass was not a useful indicator of exposure route. Speciation analysis showed that most arsenate was converted to arsenite within the worms, but organoarsenic species were not found. The greater toxicity of dietborne exposure when fish and prey were exposed to the same waterborne arsenate concentration emphasizes the need to address dietborne exposure when assessing the aquatic risks of arsenic contamination. This is of particular concern because risk from dietary exposure may occur at even lower water concentrations than used here when prey organisms are exposed for longer periods and via multiple routes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Erickson, Russell J.; Mount, David R.; Highland, Terry L.; Hockett, J. Russell; Jenson, Correne T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Erickson, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM erickson.russell@epa.gov; mount.dave@epa.gov; highland.terry@epa.gov; hockett.russ@epa.gov; jenson.correne@epa.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.04.003 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 795CS UT WOS:000292949700013 PM 21549662 ER PT J AU Destaillats, H Chen, WH Apte, MG Li, NA Spears, M Almosni, J Brunner, G Zhang, JS Fisk, WJ AF Destaillats, Hugo Chen, Wenhao Apte, Michael G. Li, Nuan Spears, Michael Almosni, Jeremie Brunner, Gregory Zhang, Jianshun (Jensen) Fisk, William J. TI Secondary pollutants from ozone reactions with ventilation filters and degradation of filter media additives SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; HVAC; Ventilation; Indoor pollutants; Filters ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BUILDING-RELATED SYMPTOMS; INDOOR-ENVIRONMENT; OUTDOOR OZONE; AIR FILTERS; FORMALDEHYDE; EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; REMOVAL; QUALITY AB Prior research suggests that chemical processes taking place on the surface of particle filters employed in buildings may lead to the formation of harmful secondary byproducts. We investigated ozone reactions with fiberglass, polyester, cotton/polyester and polyolefin filter media, as well as hydrolysis of filter media additives. Studies were carried out on unused media, and on filters that were installed for 3 months in buildings at two different locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. Specimens from each filter media were exposed to similar to 150 ppbv ozone in a flow tube under a constant flow of dry or humidified air (50% RH). Ozone breakthrough was recorded for each sample over periods of similar to 1000 min: the ozone uptake rate was calculated for an initial transient period and for steady-state conditions. While ozone uptake was observed in all cases, we did not observe significant differences in the uptake rate and capacity for the various types of filter media tested. Most experiments were performed at an airflow rate of 1.3 L min(-1) (face velocity = 0.013 m s(-1)), and a few tests were also run at higher rates (8-10 L min(-1)) Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, two oxidation byproducts, were quantified downstream of each sample. Those aldehydes (m/z 31 and 45) and other volatile byproducts (m/z 57, 59.61 and 101) were also detected in real-time using Proton-Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Low-ppbv byproduct emissions were consistently higher under humidified air than under dry conditions, and were higher when the filters were loaded with particles, as compared with unused filters. No significant differences were observed when ozone reacted over various types of filter media. Fiberglass filters heavily coated with impaction oil (tackifier) showed higher formaldehyde emissions than other samples. Those emissions were particularly high in the case of used filters, and were observed even in the absence of ozone, suggesting that hydrolysis of additives, rather than ozonolysis, is the main formaldehyde source in those filters. Emission rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were not found to be large enough to substantially increase indoor concentrations in typical building scenarios. Nevertheless, ozone reactions on HVAC filters cannot be ignored as a source of low levels of indoor irritants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Destaillats, Hugo; Apte, Michael G.; Spears, Michael; Almosni, Jeremie; Fisk, William J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Destaillats, Hugo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chen, Wenhao; Li, Nuan; Zhang, Jianshun (Jensen)] Syracuse Univ, Bldg Energy & Environm Syst Lab, Syracuse, NY USA. [Brunner, Gregory] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Destaillats, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HDestaillats@lbl.gov RI Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW-89-92224401]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [OH008891-01A2]; New York Strategically Targeted Academic Research Center in Environmental Quality Systems (NYSTAR-EQS) FX This research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through interagency agreement DW-89-92224401 with the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support was provided by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through grant number OH008891-01A2. PTR-MS experiments were conducted at Syracuse University's Building Energy and Environmental Systems Laboratory with equipments funded by the New York Strategically Targeted Academic Research Center in Environmental Quality Systems (NYSTAR-EQS). Conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors acknowledge LA. Gundel, M. Sidheswaran and M. Sleiman (LBNL) for helpful suggestions, T. Hotchi and D. Sullivan (LBNL) for experimental assistance and R. Patterson and M. Ringbom for facilitating access to HVAC air handling systems. We also thank anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 45 IS 21 BP 3561 EP 3568 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.066 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 787DS UT WOS:000292357400007 ER PT J AU Putney, JW AF Putney, James W. TI The Physiological Function of Store-operated Calcium Entry SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Calcium channels; Store-operated channels; Calcium signaling; Ion channels; Orai; STIM; Calcium oscillations ID INTRACELLULAR CA2+ STORES; PAROTID ACINAR-CELLS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS; ACTIVATES CRAC CHANNELS; EMBRYONIC KIDNEY-CELLS; TYROSINE KINASE SYK; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CATION CHANNELS AB Store-operated Ca(2+) entry is a process whereby the depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores signals the opening of plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels. It has long been thought that the main function of store-operated Ca(2+) entry was the replenishment of intracellular Ca(2+) stores following their discharge during intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. Recent results, however, suggest that the primary function of these channels may be to provide direct Ca(2+) signals to recipients localized to spatially restricted areas close to the sites of Ca(2+) entry in order to initiate specific signaling pathways. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Putney, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM putney@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health, NIEHS FX Drs. Stephen Shears and David Armstrong read the manuscript and provided helpful comments. Work from the author's laboratory discussed in this review was supported by the Intramural Program of the National Institutes of Health, NIEHS. NR 114 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 SI SI BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1007/s11064-010-0383-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 794NU UT WOS:000292907700003 PM 21234676 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Ryu, HD Hill, S Schoen, M Ashbolt, N Edge, TA Domingo, JS AF Lu, Jingrang Ryu, Hodon Hill, Stephen Schoen, Mary Ashbolt, Nicholas Edge, Thomas A. Domingo, Jorge Santo TI Distribution and potential significance of a gull fecal marker in urban coastal and riverine areas of southern Ontario, Canada SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microbial source tracking; Gull-targeted fecal assay; Fecal contamination; Lake Ontario ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-ONTARIO; WATER; CONTAMINATION; DIVERSITY; POLLUTION; BEACHES; FECES AB To better understand the distribution of gull fecal contamination in urban areas of southern Ontario, we used gull-specific PCR and qPCR assays against 1309 water samples collected from 15 urban coastal and riverine locations during 2007. Approximately, 58% of the water samples tested positive for the gull-assay. Locations observed to have higher numbers of gulls and their fecal droppings had a higher frequency of occurrence of the gull marker and a higher gull marker qPCR signal than areas observed to be less impacted by gulls. Lower gull marker occurrence and lower qPCR signals were associated with municipal wastewater (7.4%) and urban stormwater effluents (29.5%). Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in gull marker occurrence at beach sites for pore water, ankle, and chest-depth samples, although signals were generally higher in interstitial beach sand pore water and ankle-depth water than in chest-depth water samples. Overall, the results indicated that gull fecal pollution is widespread in urban coastal and riverine areas in southern Ontario and that it significantly contributes to fecal indicator bacterial loads. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Ryu, Hodon; Schoen, Mary; Ashbolt, Nicholas; Domingo, Jorge Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hill, Stephen; Edge, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Domingo, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 FU EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology; City of Toronto; City of Ottawa; Environment Canada; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development FX This research was funded in part by a New Start Award from the EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology to J.S.D, and funding from the Cities of Toronto and Ottawa, and Environment Canada's STAGE genomics program to T.A.E. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 45 IS 13 BP 3960 EP 3968 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 795BZ UT WOS:000292947800017 PM 21640368 ER PT J AU Lund, AK Lucero, J Harman, M Madden, MC McDonald, JD Seagrave, JC Campen, MJ AF Lund, Amie K. Lucero, JoAnn Harman, Melissa Madden, Michael C. McDonald, Jacob D. Seagrave, Jean Clare Campen, Matthew J. TI The Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Mediates Vascular Effects of Inhaled Vehicle Emissions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; particulate matter; endothelin-1; matrix metalloproteinase; oxidized low-density lipoprotein ID MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE EXPRESSION; LECTIN-LIKE; LDL RECEPTOR-1; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENETIC-VARIATION; LOX-1 EXPRESSION; AIR-POLLUTION; ENDOTHELIN-1 AB Rationale: To determine vascular signaling pathways involved in inhaled air pollution (vehicular engine emission) exposure-induced exacerbation of atherosclerosis that are associated with onset of clinical cardiovascular events. Objectives: To elucidate the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and its primary receptor on endothelial cells, the lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX-1), in regulation of endothelin-1 expression and matrix metalloproteinase activity associated with inhalational exposure to vehicular engine emissions. Methods: Atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E knockout mice were exposed by inhalation to filtered air or mixed whole engine emissions (250 mu g particulate matter [PM]/m(3) diesel + 50 mu g PM/m(3) gasoline exhausts) 6 h/d for 7 days. Concurrently, mice were treated with either mouse IgG or neutralizing antibodies to LOX-1 every other day. Vascular and plasma markers of oxidative stress and expression proatherogenic factors were assessed. In a parallel study, healthy human subjects were exposed to either 100 mu g PM/m(3) diesel whole exhaust or high-efficiency particulate air and charcoal-filtered "clean" air (control subjects) for 2 hours, on separate occasions. Measurements and Main Results: Mixed emissions exposure increased oxLDL and vascular reactive oxygen species, as well as LOX-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and endothelin-1 mRNA expression and also monocyte/macrophage infiltration, each of which was attenuated with LOX-1 antibody treatment. In a parallel study, diesel exhaust exposure in volunteer human subjects induced significant increases in plasma-soluble LOX-1. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that acute exposure to vehicular source pollutants results in up-regulation of vascular factors associated with progression of atherosclerosis, endothelin-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, mediated through oxLDL-LOX-1 receptor signaling, which may serve as a novel target for future therapy. C1 [Lund, Amie K.; Lucero, JoAnn; Harman, Melissa; McDonald, Jacob D.; Seagrave, Jean Clare] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Dept Environm Toxicol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Campen, Matthew J.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Lund, AK (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Dept Environm Toxicol, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM alund@lrri.org FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R00ES016586, R01ES014639]; Health Effects Institute [EPA G09C10329]; United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA STAR R83399001-0] FX Supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants R00ES016586 (A.K.L.) and R01ES014639 (M.J.C.), the Health Effects Institute grant EPA G09C10329 (J.D.M., M.J.C.), and United States Environmental Protection Agency grant EPA STAR R83399001-0 (A.K.L., M.J.C.). NR 40 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 184 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1164/rccm.201012-1967OC PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 792RL UT WOS:000292766700014 PM 21493736 ER PT J AU Rogers, SW Donnelly, M Peed, L Kelty, CA Mondal, S Zhong, ZR Shanks, OC AF Rogers, Shane W. Donnelly, Matthew Peed, Lindsay Kelty, Catherine A. Mondal, Sumona Zhong, Zirong Shanks, Orin C. TI Decay of Bacterial Pathogens, Fecal Indicators, and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Genetic Markers in Manure-Amended Soils SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; NON-CULTURABLE STATE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRESH-WATER; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; NONCULTURABLE STATE; CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. AB This study examined persistence and decay of bacterial pathogens, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and emerging real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) genetic markers for rapid detection of fecal pollution in manure-amended agricultural soils. Known concentrations of transformed green fluorescent protein-expressing Escherichia coli O157:H7/pZs and red fluorescent protein-expressing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium/pDs were added to laboratory-scale manure-amended soil microcosms with moisture contents of 60% or 80% field capacity and incubated at temperatures of -20 degrees C, 10 degrees C, or 25 degrees C for 120 days. A two-stage first-order decay model was used to determine stage 1 and stage 2 first-order decay rate coefficients and transition times for each organism and qPCR genetic marker in each treatment. Genetic markers for FIB (Enterococcus spp., E. coli, and Bacteroidales) exhibited decay rate coefficients similar to that of E. coli O157:H7/pZs but not of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium/pDs and persisted at detectable levels longer than both pathogens. Concentrations of these two bacterial pathogens, their counterpart qPCR genetic markers (stx1 and ttrRSBCA, respectively), and FIB genetic markers were also correlated (r = 0.528 to 0.745). This suggests that these qPCR genetic markers may be reliable conservative surrogates for monitoring fecal pollution from manure-amended land. Host-associated qPCR genetic markers for microbial source tracking decayed rapidly to nondetectable concentrations, long before FIB, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium/pDs, and E. coli O157:H7/pZs. Although good indicators of point source or recent nonpoint source fecal contamination events, these host-associated qPCR genetic markers may not be reliable indicators of nonpoint source fecal contamination events that occur weeks following manure application on land. C1 [Rogers, Shane W.; Donnelly, Matthew; Mondal, Sumona; Zhong, Zirong] Clarkson Univ, Inst Sustainable Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Peed, Lindsay; Kelty, Catherine A.; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Inst Sustainable Environm, 8 Clarkson Ave 5710, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM srogers@clarkson.edu RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-35102-18614]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2007-35102-18614. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described herein. NR 65 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 77 IS 14 BP 4839 EP 4848 DI 10.1128/AEM.02427-10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 789IZ UT WOS:000292510400016 PM 21642395 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Ryu, H Domingo, JWS Griffith, JF Ashbolt, N AF Lu, Jingrang Ryu, Hodon Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Griffith, John F. Ashbolt, Nicholas TI Molecular Detection of Campylobacter spp. in California Gull (Larus californicus) Excreta SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; REAL-TIME PCR; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; BEACHES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DELAWARENSIS; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA AB We examined the prevalence, quantity, and diversity of Campylobacter species in the excreta of 159 California gull (Larus californicus) samples using culture-, PCR-, and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based detection assays. Campylobacter prevalence and abundance were relatively high in the gull excreta examined; however, C. jejuni and C. lari were detected in fewer than 2% of the isolates and DNA extracts from the fecal samples that tested positive. Moreover, molecular and sequencing data indicated that most L. californicus campylobacters were novel (<97% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to known Campylobacter species) and not closely related to species commonly associated with human illness. Campylobacter estimates were positively related with those of fecal indicators, including a gull fecal marker based on the Catellicoccus marimammalium 16S rRNA gene. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Ashbolt, Nicholas] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ryu, Hodon; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Griffith, John F.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Lu, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lu.jingrang@epa.gov RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011; Griffith, John/B-6110-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519; Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 77 IS 14 BP 5034 EP 5039 DI 10.1128/AEM.00018-11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 789IZ UT WOS:000292510400040 PM 21622785 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Foley, KM AF Baker, Kirk R. Foley, Kristen M. TI A nonlinear regression model estimating single source concentrations of primary and secondarily formed PM2.5 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality modeling; Reduced form PM2.5 model; Single source PM2.5 contribution ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; UNITED-STATES; PERFORMANCE; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; SENSITIVITY; URBAN AB Various approaches and tools exist to estimate local and regional PM2.5 impacts from a single emissions source, ranging from simple screening techniques to Gaussian based dispersion models and complex grid-based Eulerian photochemical transport models. These approaches either lack a realistic chemical and physical representation of the atmosphere for secondary PM2.5 formation or in the case of photochemical models may be too resource intensive for single source assessments. A simple non-linear regression model has been developed to estimate annual average downwind primary and secondarily formed PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate from single emissions sources. The statistical model is based on single emissions sources tracked with particulate source apportionment technology in a photochemical transport model. This non-linear regression model is advantageous in that the underlying data is based on single emissions sources modeled in a realistic chemical and physical environment of a photochemical model and provides downwind PM2.5 impact information with minimal resource burden. Separate regression models are developed for primary PM2.5, PM2.5 sulfate ion, and PM2.5 nitrate ion. Regression model inputs include facility emissions rates in tons per year and the distance between the source and receptor. An additional regression model input of receptor ammonia emissions is used to account for the variability in regional ammonia availability that is important for PM2.5 nitrate ion estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Kirk R.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foley, Kristen M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Baker, Kirk/E-5958-2011 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 45 IS 22 BP 3758 EP 3767 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.074 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 788HP UT WOS:000292436300013 ER PT J AU Escher, BI Cowan-Ellsberry, CE Dyer, S Embry, MR Erhardt, S Halder, M Kwon, JH Johanning, K Oosterwijk, MTT Rutishauser, S Segner, H Nichols, J AF Escher, Beate I. Cowan-Ellsberry, Christina E. Dyer, Scott Embry, Michelle R. Erhardt, Susan Halder, Marlies Kwon, Jung-Hwan Johanning, Karla Oosterwijk, Mattheus T. T. Rutishauser, Sibylle Segner, Helmut Nichols, John TI Protein and Lipid Binding Parameters in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Blood and Liver Fractions to Extrapolate from an in Vitro Metabolic Degradation Assay to in Vivo Bioaccumulation Potential of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XENOBIOTIC INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; SERUM-ALBUMIN; MODEL; FISH; RAT; CHLORPYRIFOS; PREDICTION; KINETICS; DRUGS; WATER AB Binding of hydrophobic chemicals to colloids such as proteins or lipids is difficult to measure using classical microdialysis methods due to low aqueous concentrations, adsorption to dialysis membranes and test vessels, and slow kinetics of equilibration. Here, we employed a three-phase partitioning system where silicone (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) serves as a third phase to determine partitioning between water and colloids and acts at the same time as a dosing device for hydrophobic chemicals. The applicability of this method was demonstrated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Measured binding constants (K(BSAw)) for chlorpyrifos, methoxychlor, nonylphenol, and pyrene were in good agreement with an established quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). A fifth compound, fluoxypyr-methyl-heptyl ester, was excluded from the analysis because of apparent abiotic degradation. The PDMS depletion method was then used to determine partition coefficients for test chemicals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver S9 fractions (K(S9w)) and blood plasma (K(bloodw)). Measured K(S9w) and K(bloodw) values were consistent with predictions obtained using a mass-balance model that employs the octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)) as a surrogate for lipid partitioning and K(BSAw) to represent protein binding. For each compound, K(bloodw) was substantially greater than K(S9w), primarily because blood contains more lipid than liver S9 fractions (1.84% of wet weight vs 0.051%). Measured liver S9 and blood plasma binding parameters were subsequently implemented in an in vitro to in vivo extrapolation model to link the in vitro liver S9 metabolic degradation assay to in vivo metabolism in fish. Apparent volumes of distribution (V(d)) calculated from the experimental data were similar to literature estimates. However, the calculated binding ratios (f(u)) used to relate in vitro metabolic clearance to clearance by the intact liver were 10 to 100 times lower than values used in previous modeling efforts. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) predicted using the experimental binding data were substantially higher than the predicted values obtained in earlier studies and correlated poorly with measured BCF values in fish. One possible explanation for this finding is that chemicals bound to proteins can desorb rapidly and thus contribute to metabolic turnover of the chemicals. This hypothesis remains to be investigated in future studies, ideally with chemicals of higher hydrophobicity. C1 [Escher, Beate I.; Oosterwijk, Mattheus T. T.; Rutishauser, Sibylle] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol Entox, Brisbane, Qld 4108, Australia. [Escher, Beate I.; Kwon, Jung-Hwan; Rutishauser, Sibylle] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Cowan-Ellsberry, Christina E.] CE2 Consulting, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dyer, Scott] Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. [Embry, Michelle R.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Erhardt, Susan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Halder, Marlies] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, In Vitro Methods Unit ECVAM, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Kwon, Jung-Hwan] Ajou Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Johanning, Karla] Life Technol, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Segner, Helmut] Univ Bern, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Nichols, John] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Escher, BI (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol Entox, 39 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, Qld 4108, Australia. EM b.escher@uq.edu.au RI Escher, Beate/C-7992-2009; Segner, Helmut/D-5714-2014; OI Escher, Beate/0000-0002-5304-706X; Segner, Helmut/0000-0002-1783-1295; Kwon, Jung-Hwan/0000-0002-6341-7562 FU CEFIC/LRI [LRI-ECO6.2-ILSIHESI-0804]; European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Consumer Health Protection [CCR.IHCP.C434207.X0] FX This work was financially supported by CEFIC/LRI project no LRI-ECO6.2-ILSIHESI-0804 and European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Consumer Health Protection Contract CCR.IHCP.C434207.X0. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1143 DI 10.1021/tx200114y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 793TZ UT WOS:000292848100015 PM 21604782 ER PT J AU Felter, SP Conolly, RB Bercu, JP Bolger, PM Boobis, AR Bos, PMJ Carthew, P Doerrer, NG Goodman, JI Harrouk, WA Kirkland, DJ Lau, SS Llewellyn, GC Preston, RJ Schoeny, R Schnatter, AR Tritscher, A van Velsen, F Williams, GM AF Felter, Susan P. Conolly, Rory B. Bercu, Joel P. Bolger, P. Michael Boobis, Alan R. Bos, Peter M. J. Carthew, Philip Doerrer, Nancy G. Goodman, Jay I. Harrouk, Wafa A. Kirkland, David J. Lau, Serrine S. Llewellyn, G. Craig Preston, R. Julian Schoeny, Rita Schnatter, A. Robert Tritscher, Angelika van Velsen, Frans Williams, Gary M. TI A proposed framework for assessing risk from less-than-lifetime exposures to carcinogens SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cancer risk assessment; dose-rate correction factors (DRCFs); Haber's Rule; intermittent exposure; less-than-lifetime exposure (LTL); short-term exposure; threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; SOLID CANCER INCIDENCE; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; POTENCY-DATABASE CPDB; LUNG-CANCER; GENERAL LITERATURE; ANIMAL BIOASSAYS; DOSE-RATE; GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE AB Quantitative methods for estimation of cancer risk have been developed for daily, lifetime human exposures. There are a variety of studies or methodologies available to address less-than-lifetime exposures. However, a common framework for evaluating risk from less-than-lifetime exposures (including short-term and/or intermittent exposures) does not exist, which could result in inconsistencies in risk assessment practice. To address this risk assessment need, a committee of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute conducted a multisector workshop in late 2009 to discuss available literature, different methodologies, and a proposed framework. The proposed framework provides a decision tree and guidance for cancer risk assessments for less-than-lifetime exposures based on current knowledge of mode of action and dose-response. Available data from rodent studies and epidemiological studies involving less-than-lifetime exposures are considered, in addition to statistical approaches described in the literature for evaluating the impact of changing the dose rate and exposure duration for exposure to carcinogens. The decision tree also provides for scenarios in which an assumption of potential carcinogenicity is appropriate (e.g., based on structural alerts or genotoxicity data), but bioassay or other data are lacking from which a chemical-specific cancer potency can be determined. This paper presents an overview of the rationale for the workshop, reviews historical background, describes the proposed framework for assessing less-than-lifetime exposures to potential human carcinogens, and suggests next steps. C1 [Doerrer, Nancy G.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Felter, Susan P.] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Conolly, Rory B.; Preston, R. Julian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bercu, Joel P.] Eli Lilly & Co, Greenfield, IN USA. [Bolger, P. Michael] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Boobis, Alan R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Bos, Peter M. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Carthew, Philip] Unilever, Bedford, England. [Goodman, Jay I.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Harrouk, Wafa A.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lau, Serrine S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Llewellyn, G. Craig] Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schnatter, A. Robert] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Tritscher, Angelika] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [van Velsen, Frans] Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut, Mechelen, Belgium. [Williams, Gary M.] New York Med Coll, Dept Pathol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 197 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 41 IS 6 BP 507 EP 544 DI 10.3109/10408444.2010.552063 PG 38 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 791KA UT WOS:000292662900002 PM 21591905 ER PT J AU Revetta, RP Matlib, RS Domingo, JWS AF Revetta, Randy P. Matlib, Robin S. Domingo, Jorge. W. Santo TI 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis of Drinking Water Using RNA and DNA Extracts as Targets for Clone Library Development SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; MYCOBACTERIA AB The bacterial composition of chlorinated drinking water was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries derived from DNA extracts of 12 samples and compared to clone libraries previously generated using RNA extracts from the same samples. Phylogenetic analysis of 761 DNA-based clone sequences showed that unclassified bacteria were the most abundant group, representing nearly 62% of all DNA sequences analyzed. Other phylogenetic groups identified included Proteobacteria (20%), Actinobacteria (9%), Cyanobacteria (4%), and Bacteroidetes (2%). The composition of RNA-based libraries (1122 sequences) was similar to the DNA-based libraries with a few notable exceptions: Proteobacteria were more dominant in the RNA clone libraries (i.e., 35% RNA; 20% DNA). Differences in the Proteobacteria composition were also observed; alpha-Proteobacteria was 22 times more abundant in the RNA-based clones while beta-Proteobacteria was eight times more abundant in the DNA libraries. Nearly twice as many DNA operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than RNA OTUs were observed at distance 0.03 (101 DNA; 53 RNA). Twenty-four OTUs were shared between all RNA-and DNA-based libraries (OTU(0.03)) representing only 18% of the total OTUs, but 81% (1527/1883) of all sequences. Such differences between clone libraries demonstrate the necessity of generating both RNA- and DNA-derived clone libraries to compare these two different molecular approaches for community analyses. C1 [Revetta, Randy P.; Domingo, Jorge. W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Matlib, Robin S.] Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We acknowledge the assistance of Brandon Iker in developing clone libraries and for preliminary data analysis. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 63 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00284-011-9938-9 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 790AS UT WOS:000292561500008 PM 21533782 ER PT J AU Oczkowski, AJ Flower, RJ Thompson, JR Ayache, F Ahmed, MH Ramdani, M Turner, S AF Oczkowski, Autumn J. Flower, Roger J. Thompson, Julian R. Ayache, Fethi Ahmed, Mahmoud H. Ramdani, Mohamed Turner, Simon TI Evidence of North Africa's green revolution preserved in sedimentary organic matter deposited in three coastal lagoons SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic nutrient loading; Egypt; Ghar El Melh; lagoon; Manzala; Morocco; Nador; nitrogen; organic matter; sediment core; stable isotope; Tunisia ID NILE DELTA; EUTROPHICATION; NITROGEN; EGYPT; RIVER; SOUTHERN; TUNISIA; MOROCCO AB Because of longer residence times and limited mixing in coastal lagoons, the impacts of anthropogenic nutrient loading to lagoon food webs are often more pronounced than in other coastal ecosystems. For these reasons, many lagoons also provide an excellent environment for the deposition and accumulation of organic matter (OM). Sediment cores were retrieved from three North African lagoons to provide records of recent environmental changes. We measured percentage nitrogen (%N), nitrogen stable isotope values (delta(15)N), and percentage organic matter (%OM), and we used radiometric dating techniques ((210)Pb, (137)Cs) to examine the evidence for the intensification of upstream agricultural practices in sediment cores from Lake Manzala (Egypt), Ghar El Melh Lagoon (Tunisia), and Lagune de Nador (Morocco). With the exception of one core collected near a sewage outfall, sediments from Lake Manzala clearly reflected the impact of agricultural intensification following completion of the Aswan High Dam and delta barrages in the mid-1960s to early 1970s. Both %N and %OM more than doubled in three Manzala sediment cores, and delta(15)N values declined from 5 parts per thousand to,1 parts per thousand. These changes reflect the increasing use of synthetic fertilizers (delta(15)N approximate to 0 parts per thousand) from the 1960s to the present. Sediments from Ghar El Melh show a similar trend, with %N more than tripling, %OM increasing by similar to 50%, and delta(15)N declining from 6 parts per thousand to 2 parts per thousand since 1965. These changes are consistent with the increasing use of water from a nearby river for crop irrigation and agricultural fertilizer use. Lagune de Nador receives relatively little agricultural drainage water, and core data did not show the same trends as Manzala and Ghar El Melh. Overall, the sediment core data from these systems reflect environmental shifts in the quantity, quality, and isotope signature of the deposited organic matter and confirm the concerns of local scientists and environmental managers that eutrophication has had dramatic impacts on the coastal ecosystems, particularly at the Egyptian and Tunisian sites. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Flower, Roger J.; Thompson, Julian R.; Turner, Simon] UCL, UCL Dept Geog, Wetland Res Unit, Environm Change Res Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Ayache, Fethi] Univ Sousse, Fac Lettres & Sci Humaines Sousse, Dept Geog, Sousse 4029, Tunisia. [Ahmed, Mahmoud H.] Natl Author Remote Sensing & Space Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Cairo, Egypt. [Ramdani, Mohamed] Univ Mohammed 5, Dept Zool & Ecol Anim, Inst Sci, Rabat, Morocco. RP Oczkowski, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM oczkowski.autumn@epa.gov RI Thompson, Julian/A-4781-2010; OI Turner, Simon/0000-0001-8692-8210 FU NSF [OCE 0526332]; EU [ICA3-CT2002-10009] FX We thank Kevin Keatings for his help with core sample transport. This work was partially supported by the NSF Biological Oceanography program (award number OCE 0526332). Sediment coring, radiometric dating, and some laboratory analyses were undertaken as part of the MELMARINA project financed by the EU Framework V INCO-Med Programme (Grant ICA3-CT2002-10009). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1708 EP 1717 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 792RF UT WOS:000292766100021 PM 21830712 ER PT J AU Reusser, DA Lee, H AF Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II TI Evolution of natural history information in the 21st century - developing an integrated framework for biological and geographical data SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; biogeoinformatics; biological information systems; chitons; classification schemas; ecoinformatics; hierarchical schemas; macroecology; marine ecosystems; natural history ID CLIMATE; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOSPACE; HABITAT; COASTAL; OCEAN; WORLD AB Threats to marine and estuarine species operate over many spatial scales, from nutrient enrichment at the watershed/estuarine scale to invasive species and climate change at regional and global scales. To help address research questions across these scales, we provide here a standardized framework for a biogeographical information system containing queriable biological data that allows extraction of information on multiple species, across a variety of spatial scales based on species distributions, natural history attributes and habitat requirements. As scientists shift from research on localized impacts on individual species to regional and global scale threats, macroecological approaches of studying multiple species over broad geographical areas are becoming increasingly important. The standardized framework described here for capturing and integrating biological and geographical data is a critical first step towards addressing these macroecological questions and we urge organizations capturing biogeoinformatics data to consider adopting this framework. C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), 2111 NE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dreusser@usgs.gov FU U.S. EPA [DW-14-92231501-0]; Japanese Government FX D.A.R. was partially funded through AMI/GEOSS IAG no. DW-14-92231501-0 from the U.S. EPA and by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) through funding from the Japanese Government. Special thanks to Melanie Frazier, U.S. EPA, for assistance with statistical analyses; Jody Stecher, Katie Marko and Karen Ebert for their continued efforts populating the PCEIS database; and Rachel Nehmer and Tad Larsen for developing PCEIS. Two anonymous referees provided insightful suggestions that improved the manuscript. This publication was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division of the EPA and the Western Fisheries Research Centre of U.S. Geological Survey, and is approved for publication. However, approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. EPA of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02515.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 791VM UT WOS:000292695200001 ER PT J AU Furl, CV Meredith, CA Strynar, MJ Nakayama, SF AF Furl, Chad V. Meredith, Callie A. Strynar, Mark J. Nakayama, Shoji F. TI Relative importance of wastewater treatment plants and non-point sources of perfluorinated compounds to Washington State rivers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds; Wastewater treatment plants; Principal component analysis; Non-point sources ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; JAPAN; BASIN; ACIDS; SNOW AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in 10 Washington State rivers and 4 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) under periods of low and high flows to investigate the relative importance of point and non-point sources to rivers. PFCs were detected in all samples with summed values ranging from 1.11 to 74.9 ng/L in surface waters and 62.3-418 ng/L in WWTP effluent Concentrations in 6 of the 10 rivers exhibited a positive relationship with flow, indicating runoff as a contributing source, with PFC loads greatest at all 10 waterbodies during high flows. Perfluoroheptanoic acid:perfluorooctanoic acid homologue ratios suggest atmospheric contributions to the waterbodies are important throughout the year. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated distinct homologue profiles for high flow, low flow, and effluent samples. The PCA demonstrates that during the spring when flows and loads are at their greatest; WWTP discharges are not the primary sources of PFCs to the river systems. Taken together, the evidence provided signifies non-point inputs are a major pathway for PFCs to surface waters in Washington State. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Furl, Chad V.; Meredith, Callie A.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nakayama, Shoji F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Furl, CV (reprint author), Washington State Dept Ecol, 300 Desmond Dr SE, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM Chad.Furl@ecy.wa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 15 BP 2902 EP 2907 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.035 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 792EF UT WOS:000292722600006 PM 21669326 ER PT J AU Alexander, LC Hawthorne, DJ Palmer, MA Lamp, WO AF Alexander, Laurie C. Hawthorne, David J. Palmer, Margaret A. Lamp, William O. TI Loss of genetic diversity in the North American mayfly Ephemerella invaria associated with deforestation of headwater streams SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); aquatic insects; deforestation; Ephemeroptera; headwater streams ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; PIEDMONT STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; COVER; LANDSCAPES; DNA; FRAGMENTATION; URBANIZATION AB 1. Terrestrial dispersal by aquatic insects increases population connectivity in some stream species by allowing individuals to move outside the structure of the stream network. In addition, individual survival and reproductive success (as well as dispersal) are tightly linked to the quality of the terrestrial habitat. 2. In historically forested catchments, deforestation and altered land use have the potential to interfere with mayfly dispersal or mating behaviours by degrading the quality of the terrestrial matrix among headwater streams. We hypothesised that loss of tree cover in first-order catchments would be associated with an increase in population substructure and a decrease in genetic diversity of mayfly populations. 3. To test this hypothesis, we investigated spatial patterns of genetic variation in the common mayfly Ephemerella invaria across a gradient of deforestation in the central piedmont region of eastern United States. Intraspecific genetic diversity and population substructure were estimated from data obtained using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. 4. We found that mayfly populations had low population substructure within headwater stream networks and that genetic diversity was strongly negatively correlated with mean deforestation of the first-order catchments. The large-scale pattern of population substructure followed a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) in which genetic differentiation increases with geographical distance, but assignment tests placed a few individuals into populations 300 km away from the collection site. 5. Our results show that loss of genetic diversity in this widespread aquatic insect species is co-occurring with deforestation of headwater streams. 6. Most arguments supporting protection of headwater streams in the United States have centred on the role of these streams as hydrological and biogeochemical conduits to downstream waters. Our work suggests that headwater stream land use, and specifically tree cover, may have a role in the maintenance of regional genetic diversity in some common aquatic insect species. C1 [Alexander, Laurie C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hawthorne, David J.; Palmer, Margaret A.; Lamp, William O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Alexander, LC (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM alexander.laurie@epa.gov RI Lamp, William/G-6081-2015 OI Lamp, William/0000-0002-8565-1560 FU University of Maryland Center for Biodiversity; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland FX We thank the University of Maryland Center for Biodiversity and the Gahan Fellowship, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland for funding this project. We also thank David H. Funk, Stroud Water Research Center, and Steven Burian, Southern Connecticut State University, for information on the systematics and ecology of ephemerellid mayflies; Glenn Moglen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, for help with watershed analysis; the Middle Patuxent Valley Association in Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia Department of Forestry for access to field sites; and Merrill Peterson at Western Washington University and two anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1456 EP 1467 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02566.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 787WI UT WOS:000292407000017 ER PT J AU Hosni, AA Szabo, JG Bishop, PL AF Hosni, Ahmed A. Szabo, Jeffery G. Bishop, Paul L. TI Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide as a Disinfectant for Bacillus Spores in Drinking-Water Biofilms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Chlorine dioxide; Drinking-water network safety; Disinfection; Biofilms ID PENETRATION; DECONTAMINATION; GLOBIGII; SYSTEM AB This paper presents results describing the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide penetration into a drinking-water distribution system biofilm/corrosion matrix and decontamination of adhered Bacillus globigii spores, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis. Biofilm and corrosion products were developed using biofilm annular reactors containing oxidized scaled, iron coupons. Reactors were inoculated with B. globigii spores after biofilm development, and decontamination was undertaken with bulk-phase chlorine dioxide concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 25 mg/L. Initial biofilm viable B. globigii spore densities of 10(6) CFU/cm(2) were reduced to 50 to 300 CFU/cm(2) at chlorine dioxide concentrations of 25 and 15 mg/L, respectively, within 6 days. B. globigii spore distribution throughout the biofilm/corrosion matrix depth and the change in viable spore count during chlorine dioxide disinfection were examined using a microslicing technique. Four layers of 360 mu m thickness were sliced, and these showed that B. globigii spores were equally distributed throughout the biofilm/corrosion matrix depth. Furthermore, chlorine dioxide acted on all layers simultaneously, but spores still persisted in the deepest layer of the biofilm/corrosion matrix after 6 days of disinfection at 15 and 25 mg/L chlorine dioxide. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000355. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hosni, Ahmed A.; Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Szabo, Jeffery G.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hosni, AA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM fouadhaa@email.uc.edu; paul.bishop@uc.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2011 VL 137 IS 7 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000355 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789MM UT WOS:000292519600006 ER PT J AU Perdivara, I Peddada, SD Miller, FW Tomer, KB Deterding, LJ AF Perdivara, Irina Peddada, Shyamal D. Miller, Frederick W. Tomer, Kenneth B. Deterding, Leesa J. TI Mass Spectrometric Determination of IgG Subclass-Specific Glycosylation Profiles in Siblings Discordant for Myositis Syndromes SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE myositis; plasma; twin-sibling clinical study; antibody glycosylation; glycopeptide; mass spectrometry ID IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ORDER-RESTRICTED INFERENCE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; BINDING LECTIN; N-GLYCANS; DISEASE; AUTOANTIBODIES AB Many autoimmune conditions are believed to result from chronic inflammation as a consequence of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in susceptible individuals. One common feature in some autoimmune diseases is the decrease in terminal galactosylation of the constant region N-glycan of the total plasma immunoglobulin. To determine whether a similar pattern is characteristic for the autoimmune disorder myositis, we analyzed the antibody subclass specific glycosylation in patients with myositis, their asymptomatic siblings, and healthy unrelated age- and sex-matched controls. The antibody subclass specific glycosylation was determined from the LC-MS analyses of the IgG glycopeptides generated by trypsin digestion of the antibody heavy chain. The glycosylation profiles of the IgG subclasses were determined relative to the total abundance of all glycoforms. We found elevated amounts of glycoforms lacking terminal galactose in myositis patients. Pairwise statistical analyses reveals that galactosylation is statistically different between the myositis patients and control groups. Furthermore, the trend analysis for glycosylation indicates a pattern of decreasing galactosylation in the order controls >= siblings >= myositis patients, suggesting the existence of a genetic, immune-related predisposition in the group of asymptomatic siblings that can be detected before the onset of clinical symptoms at the level of plasma proteins. C1 [Perdivara, Irina; Tomer, Kenneth B.; Deterding, Leesa J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Peddada, Shyamal D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Miller, Frederick W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Autoimmun Grp, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Deterding, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, DHHS, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM deterdi2@niehs.nih.gov RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012; Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; OI Miller, Frederick/0000-0003-2831-9593 FU NIH, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences [ES050171, ES101074-07, ES045005-14] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, projects ES050171, ES101074-07, ES045005-14. We acknowledge the technical assistance of Dr. Terrance O'Hanlon (NIEHS/NIH) in the preparation of the patient samples, Dr. Jason Williams (NIEHS/NIH) and Dr. Alina Zamfir (University of Aurel Vlaicu Arad) for critical review of the manuscript, and the NIEHS Protein Microcharacterization Core Facility for assistance with in-gel digestions. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 10 IS 7 BP 2969 EP 2978 DI 10.1021/pr200397h PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 788AI UT WOS:000292417400010 PM 21609021 ER PT J AU Austin, JD Bertin, A Borquez, JP Cardenas, L Cardoza, TB Chapman, F De Sousa, ACB De Souza, AP Douglas, KC Ellwood, SR Ferriol, M Garmendia, A Gouin, N Hargrove, J Jasti, M Keranen, I Knott, KE Konec, M Kuitunen, K Lima, MP Linde, CC Merle, H Oliva, ME Perez, M Saarinen, E Samollow, PB Scarpassa, VM Segura, I Smith, L Trontelj, P Valdivia, IM Wallwork, H Wellenreuther, M AF Austin, James D. Bertin, Angeline Borquez, Jessica P. Cardenas, L. Cardoza, Tatiana Bacry Chapman, Frank Barbosa De Sousa, Adna Cristina De Souza, Anete Pereira Douglas, Kory C. Ellwood, Simon R. Ferriol, M. Garmendia, A. Gouin, Nicolas Hargrove, John Jasti, Madhur Keranen, I. Knott, K. E. Konec, Marjeta Kuitunen, K. Lima, Marcos Prado Linde, Celeste C. Merle, H. Oliva, M. E. Perez, M. Saarinen, Emily Samollow, Paul B. Scarpassa, Vera Margarete Segura, I. Smith, Leon Trontelj, Peter Valdivia, I. M. Wallwork, Hugh Wellenreuther, M. CA Mol Ecol Resources Primer Dev Cons TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2011-31 March 2011 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material AB This article documents the addition of 111 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato, Asellus aquaticus, Calopteryx splendens, Calopteryx virgo, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea seridis, Chilina dombeyana, Proctoeces cf. lintoni and Pyrenophora teres f. teres. C1 [Austin, James D.; Hargrove, John; Saarinen, Emily] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mol Ecol Resources Primer Dev Cons] Mol Ecol Resources Editorial Off, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Austin, James D.; Chapman, Frank] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bertin, Angeline] Univ La Serena, Dept Biol, La Serena, Chile. [Borquez, Jessica P.] Univ Concepcion, Programa Doctorado Sistemat & Biodiversidad, Concepcion, Chile. [Cardenas, L.] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Valdivia, Chile. [Cardoza, Tatiana Bacry; Scarpassa, Vera Margarete] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Programa Posgrad Genet Conservacao & Biol Evolut, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Barbosa De Sousa, Adna Cristina; De Souza, Anete Pereira] Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Biol Mol & Engn Genet, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [De Souza, Anete Pereira] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Douglas, Kory C.; Jasti, Madhur; Samollow, Paul B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. [Ellwood, Simon R.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Environm & Agr, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Ferriol, M.; Garmendia, A.; Segura, I.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Agroforestal Mediterraneo, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Wellenreuther, M.] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Saarinen, Emily] US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Scarpassa, Vera Margarete] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Lab Genet Populacoes & Evolucao Vetores Malaria &, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Wallwork, Hugh] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. [Valdivia, I. M.] Univ Antofagasta, Programa Doctorado Ciencias Aplicadas Menc Sistem, Antofagasta, Chile. [Oliva, M. E.; Valdivia, I. M.] Univ Antofagasta, Fac Recursos Mar, Inst Invest Oceanol, Antofagasta, Chile. [Perez, M.] Univ Vigo, Fac Biol, Dept Bioquim Genet & Inmunol, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain. [Gouin, Nicolas] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, Coquimbo, Chile. [Keranen, I.; Knott, K. E.; Kuitunen, K.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Konec, Marjeta; Trontelj, Peter] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Merle, H.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Ecosistemas Agroforestales, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Linde, Celeste C.; Smith, Leon] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Lima, Marcos Prado] Univ Fed Oeste Para, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Aguas, Lab Genet & Biodiversidade, BR-68040050 Santarem, PA, Brazil. RI Wellenreuther, Maren/A-5555-2009; Kuitunen, Katja/C-9472-2011; de Souza, Anete/B-8663-2012; Ellwood, Simon/K-2023-2013; Perez, Montse/E-6741-2013; Ferriol, Maria/M-1370-2014; Oliva, Marcelo /O-7080-2016; Linde, Celeste/C-9306-2009 OI Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620; de Souza, Anete/0000-0003-3831-9829; Ellwood, Simon/0000-0002-2673-0816; Perez, Montse/0000-0002-1772-8984; Ferriol, Maria/0000-0002-6533-5720; Oliva, Marcelo /0000-0003-1759-2797; Linde, Celeste/0000-0002-8207-1202 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 757 EP 758 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03028.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 788XU UT WOS:000292478500020 ER PT J AU Cullen, JM Williams, C Zadrozny, L Otstot, JT Solomon, GG Sills, RC Hong, HHL AF Cullen, J. M. Williams, C. Zadrozny, L. Otstot, J. T. Solomon, G. G. Sills, R. C. Hong, H-H. L. TI H-ras Consensus Sequence and Mutations in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinomas of Lemurs and Lorises SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver; molecular biology; oncology; primate; zoo; hepatocellular carcinoma ID MOUSE-LIVER TUMORS; LUNG-TUMORS; GENE-MUTATIONS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS; B6C3F1 MOUSE; BETA-CATENIN; PROTOONCOGENE; MICE; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS AB The authors have determined a consensus sequence for exons 1 and 2 of H-ras from captive lemurs and lorises and evaluated samples of nonneoplastic liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) from affected animals for mutations in these exons. Frozen liver samples were collected from 20 animals representing 9 different species with a sex distribution of 10 males and 10 females. A total of 26 liver samples, including 11 normal livers, 9 HCC, and 6 samples from nonneoplastic regions of liver from animals with HCC, were evaluated. This is the first report of the consensus sequence for exons 1 and 2 of H-ras in prosimians, and the authors have determined that it is identical to that of human H-ras and differs only slightly from the chimpanzee sequence. Point mutations were identified in 6 of the 9 HCC samples examined with codons 7, 22, 32, 56, 61, 84, and 96 affected. Two carcinomas had double mutations, and one tumor had triple mutations. One HCC had a mutation in codon 61, which is identical to a recognized affected codon for an H-ras "hot spot" in rodent neoplasia that has also been reported in human tumors. Although not statistically different, metastasis occurred in 5 of 6 HCC with H-ras mutation and only 1 of 3 HCC without mutations. There were 4 silent mutations that did not contain changes in the encoded amino acids, 2 of which were found in nonneoplastic regions of tumor-bearing liver. C1 [Cullen, J. M.; Zadrozny, L.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Williams, C.] Duke Lemur Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Otstot, J. T.; Solomon, G. G.; Sills, R. C.; Hong, H-H. L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Cullen, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM john_cullen@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1177/0300985810388526 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 787RV UT WOS:000292395300015 PM 21123858 ER PT J AU Lahousse, SA Hoenerhoff, M Collins, J Ton, TVT Masinde, T Olson, D Rebolloso, Y Koujitani, T Tomer, KB Hong, HHL Bucher, J Sills, RC AF Lahousse, S. A. Hoenerhoff, M. Collins, J. Ton, T-V. T. Masinde, T. Olson, D. Rebolloso, Y. Koujitani, T. Tomer, K. B. Hong, H-H. L. Bucher, J. Sills, R. C. TI Gene Expression and Mutation Assessment Provide Clues of Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Liver Tumors of Oxazepam-Exposed Mice SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mouse; liver; cancer; beta-catenin; DNA methylation; epigenetics; microarray; oxidative stress ID BETA-CATENIN MUTATIONS; B6C3F1 MICE; HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEPATOCARCINOGEN OXAZEPAM; DNA METHYLATION; GC-RICH; MOUSE; CARCINOGENESIS; TUMORIGENESIS AB Liver tumors from a previous National Toxicology Program study were examined using global gene expression and mutation analysis to define the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in mice exposed to oxazepam. Five hepatocellular adenomas and 5 hepatocellular carcinomas from male B6C3F1 mice exposed to 5000 ppm oxazepam and 6 histologically normal liver samples from control animals were examined. One of the major findings in the study was upregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Genes that activate beta-catenin, such as Sox4, were upregulated, whereas genes that inhibit Wnt signaling, such as APC and Crebbp, were downregulated. In addition, liver tumors from oxazepam-exposed mice displayed beta-catenin mutations and increased protein expression of glutamine synthetase, a downstream target in the Wnt signaling pathway. Another important finding in this study was the altered expression of oxidative stress-related genes, specifically increased expression of cytochrome p450 genes, including Cyp1a2 and Cyp2b10, and decreased expression of genes that protect against oxidative stress, such as Sod2 and Cat. Increased oxidative stress was confirmed by measuring isoprostane expression using mass spectrometry. Furthermore, global gene expression identified altered expression of genes that are associated with epigenetic mechanisms of cancer. There was decreased expression of genes that are hypermethylated in human liver cancer, including tumor suppressors APC and Pten. Oxazepam-induced tumors also exhibited decreased expression of genes involved in DNA methylation (Crebbp, Dnmt3b) and histone modification (Sirt1). These data suggest that formation of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in oxazepam-exposed mice involves alteration of the Wnt signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and potential epigenetic alterations. C1 [Lahousse, S. A.; Hoenerhoff, M.; Ton, T-V. T.; Masinde, T.; Olson, D.; Rebolloso, Y.; Koujitani, T.; Hong, H-H. L.; Sills, R. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Collins, J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Tomer, K. B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bucher, J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sills, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM sills@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1177/0300985810390019 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 787RV UT WOS:000292395300016 PM 21147764 ER PT J AU Ket, WA Schubauer-Berigan, JP Craft, CB AF Ket, Wesley A. Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. Craft, Christopher B. TI Effects of five years of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on a Zizaniopsis miliacea tidal freshwater marsh SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Nutrient limitation; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Tidal freshwater marsh; Aboveground biomass; Belowground biomass; N:P ratio; Fertilizer; Zizaniopsis miliacea; Pontederia cordata; Sagittaria lancifolia ID ESTUARINE SALINITY GRADIENT; SALT-MARSH; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SEA-LEVEL; SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEM AB The purpose of this experiment was to determine if nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) acts as the limiting nutrient for tidal freshwater marsh vegetation. To answer this question, we added N, P, and N + P to a tidal freshwater marsh dominated by Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) (giant cutgrass) in Georgia. USA, for five years to determine their effects on aboveground and belowground biomass and nutrient (N, P) uptake. Nitrogen and P were applied twice per year at an annual rate of 50 g m(-2) year(-1) and 10 g m(-2) year(-1), respectively. Aboveground biomass and leaf C, N, and P were sampled in August of each year. Belowground biomass and C, N, and P content were measured in August of year five. After two years, plots receiving N and N + P had significantly greater aboveground biomass than the control and P plots. This trend continued through the fifth year of the study and resulted in two to three times more aboveground biomass at the end of the fifth year in the N (1570 g m(-2)) and N + P (1264g m(-2)) plots relative to P (710 g m(-2)) and control (570 g m(-2)) plots. After five years of nutrient additions, macro-organic matter (MOM), the living plus dead root and rhizome mat (0-10 cm), was significantly lower in the N (1457 g m(-2)) and N + P (994g m(-2)) plots than the control (2189 g m(-2)) plots. There was less live rhizome biomass in the N + P (23 g m(-2)) plots than the control (1085 g m(-2)) plots. We observed a 31-33% increase in the N content of Z. miliacea leaves in years three through five in the N and N + P plots relative to the control plots, but observed no P enrichment of leaves. In the N-treated plots, leaf C:N decreased 20-25% whereas N:P increased 21-64% in years three through five relative to the control and P plots. These findings collectively suggest that N, rather than P. limits productivity of tidal freshwater marsh vegetation. Reduced belowground biomass that accompanies N enrichment is of special concern as it may lead to increased erosion and reduced organic matter inputs to the soil, increasing their susceptibility to disturbances associated with wind, waves, river flooding and rising sea level. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ket, Wesley A.; Craft, Christopher B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ket, WA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wket@indiana.edu RI Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph/B-3260-2009 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD 83222001-0]; National Science Foundation [OCE-9982133]; U.S. EPA ORD FX We thank Nate Knowles, John Marton, and Iza Redlinski for their help in the lab and field and two anonymous reviewers for their guidance on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants RD 83222001-0 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program and OCE-9982133 from the National Science Foundation to the Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER program to CC and support from the U.S. EPA ORD to JSB. This is contribution 1003 of the University of Georgia Marine Institute. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.03.003 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 781BF UT WOS:000291904900003 ER PT J AU McPherson, CA Aoyama, M Harry, GJ AF McPherson, C. A. Aoyama, M. Harry, G. J. TI Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 regulation of neural progenitor cell proliferation with hippocampal injury: Differential regulatory pathways in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the adolescent and mature mouse brain SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Neurogenesis; Neurospheres; Hippocampus; Apoptosis; Neuroinflammation; SGZ; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; gp130 ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DENTATE GYRUS; ADULT NEUROGENESIS; MESSENGER-RNA; AGED MICE; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; RAT-BRAIN; STEM-CELL; IN-VIVO AB Current data suggests an association between elevations in interleukin 1 (IL-1)alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 and the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following brain injury. A limited amount of work implicates changes in these pro-inflammatory responses with diminished NPC proliferation observed as a function of aging. In the current study, adolescent (21 day-old) and 1 year-old CD-1 male mice were injected with trimethyltin (TMT, 2.3 mg/kg, i.p.) to produce acute apoptosis of hippocampal dentate granule cells. In this model, fewer 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(+) NPC were observed in both naive and injured adult hippocampus as compared to the corresponding number seen in adolescent mice. At 48 h post-TMT, a similar level of neuronal death was observed across ages, yet activated ameboid microglia were observed in the adolescent and hypertrophic process-bearing microglia in the adult. IL-1 alpha mRNA levels were elevated in the adolescent hippocampus; IL-6 mRNA levels were elevated in the adult. In subgranular zone (SGZ) isolated by laser-capture microdissection, IL-1 beta was detected but not elevated by TMT, IL-1a was elevated at both ages, while IL-6 was elevated only in the adult. Naive NPCs isolated from the hippocampus expressed transcripts for IL-1R1, IL-6R alpha, and gp130 with significantly higher levels of IL-6R alpha mRNA in the adult. In vitro, IL-1 alpha (150 pg/ml) stimulated proliferation of adolescent NPCs; IL-6 (10 ng/ml) inhibited proliferation of adolescent and adult NPCs. Microarray analysis of SGZ post-TMT indicated a prominence of IL-1a/IL-1R1 signaling in the adolescent and IL-6/gp130 signaling in the adult. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McPherson, C. A.; Aoyama, M.; Harry, G. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurotoxicol Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McPherson, C. A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Aoyama, M.] Nagoya City Univ, Dept Mol Neurobiol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurotoxicol Grp, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, NIH, POB 12233,MD C1-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM harry@niehs.nih.gov FU division of intramural research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [ES101623, ES021164] FX The authors thank Dr. Julia Gohlke and Ms. Jennifer Collins for their technical expertise in microarray analysis, Ms. Tiwanda Mishande for immunohistochemical expertise and Drs. Peter Mouton and Susan McGuire for their review of the final manuscript. This study was supported by the division of intramural research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Z# ES101623 and ES021164. NR 77 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1591 J9 BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN JI Brain Behav. Immun. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 SI SI BP 850 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.09.003 PG 13 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 780EF UT WOS:000291836600006 PM 20833246 ER PT J AU Huber, DR Blount, BC Mage, DT Letkiewicz, FJ Kumar, A Allen, RH AF Huber, David R. Blount, Benjamin C. Mage, David T. Letkiewicz, Frank J. Kumar, Amit Allen, Ruth H. TI Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; drinking water; food; occurrence; NHANES; biomonitoring; UCMR ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LOW-DOSE PERCHLORATE; UNITED-STATES; THYROID-FUNCTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; URINARY PESTICIDE; IODIDE UPTAKE; BREAST-MILK; CREATININE AB Human biomonitoring data show that exposure to perchlorate is widespread in the United States. The predominant source of intake is food, whereas drinking water is a less frequent and far smaller contributor. We used spot urine samples for over 2700 subjects and estimated 24 h intake using new creatinine adjustment equations. Merging data from surveys of national health (NHANES) with drinking water monitoring (UCMR), we categorized survey participants according to their potential exposure through drinking water or food. By subtracting daily food doses of perchlorate from the oral reference dose (RfD), we derive an allowances for perchlorate in tap water for several populations. The calculated mean food perchlorate dose in the United States was 0.081 mu g/kg/day compared to 0.101 mu g/kg/day for those who also had a potential drinking water component. The calculated 95th percentile doses, typically falling between 0.2 and 0.4 mu g/kg/day, were well below the RfD (0.7 mu g/kg/day) in all populations analyzed. Children aged 6-11 years had the highest mean perchlorate doses in food (0.147 mu g/kg/day), with an additional water contribution of only 0.003 mu g/kg/day representing just 2% of exposure. Pregnant women had a mean food dose of 0.093 vs 0.071 mu g/kg/day for all women of reproductive age. At the 95th percentile intake for both the total population and women of child-bearing age (15-44), the perchlorate contribution from food was 86% and from drinking water 14% (respectively, 30% and 5% of the RfD). At the mean for the same groups, the food to water contribution ratio is approximately 80: 20. We calculate that an average 66 kg pregnant woman consuming a 90th percentile food dose (0.198 mu g/kg/day) could also drink the 90th percentile of community water for pregnant women (0.033 l/kg/day) containing 15 mu g/l perchlorate without exceeding the 0.7 mu g/kg/day reference dose. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2011) 21, 395-407; doi: 10.1038/jes.2010.31; published online 23 June 2010 C1 [Huber, David R.] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Stand & Risk Management Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mage, David T.] Danya Int, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Letkiewicz, Frank J.; Kumar, Amit] Cadmus Grp, Arlington, VA USA. [Allen, Ruth H.] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Huber, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Stand & Risk Management Div, 4607M,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM huber.david@epa.gov OI Mage, David/0000-0002-3880-566X NR 46 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.31 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 780LT UT WOS:000291858700007 PM 20571527 ER PT J AU Louis, GW Stoker, T AF Louis, Gwendolyn W. Stoker, Tammy TI The Effects of Oral Triclosan Exposure on Reproductive Endpoints in the Female Wistar Rat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction (SSR) CY 2011 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 [Louis, Gwendolyn W.; Stoker, Tammy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 85 SI SI MA 295 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 032VC UT WOS:000310746200578 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Rotroff, D Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Rotroff, Daniel Dix, David J. TI Validation, Acceptance, and Extension of a Predictive Model of Rodent Reproductive Toxicity Using Toxcast High-Throughput Screening SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction (SSR) CY 2011 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 85 SI SI MA 791 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 032VC UT WOS:000310746200718 ER PT J AU Rotroff, DM Dix, D Knudsen, T Martin, M Singh, AV McLaurin, K Reif, D Judson, R AF Rotroff, Daniel M. Dix, David Knudsen, Thomas Martin, Matthew Singh, Amar V. McLaurin, Keith Reif, David Judson, Richard TI Using ToxCast Data to Characterize Assay Utility for More Efficient Endocrine Disruptor Screening SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction (SSR) CY 2011 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 85 SI SI MA 797 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 032VC UT WOS:000310746200716 ER PT J AU Costigan, M Belfer, I Griffin, RS Dai, F Barrett, LB Coppola, G Wu, TX Kiselycznyk, C Poddar, M Lu, Y Diatchenko, L Smith, S Cobos, EJ Zaykin, D Allchorne, A Gershon, E Livneh, J Shen, PH Nikolajsen, L Karppinen, J Mannikko, M Kelempisioti, A Goldman, D Maixner, W Geschwind, DH Max, MB Seltzer, Z Woolf, CJ AF Costigan, Michael Belfer, Inna Griffin, Robert S. Dai, Feng Barrett, Lee B. Coppola, Giovanni Wu, Tianxia Kiselycznyk, Carly Poddar, Minakshi Lu, Yan Diatchenko, Luda Smith, Shad Cobos, Enrique J. Zaykin, Dmitri Allchorne, Andrew Gershon, Edith Livneh, Jessica Shen, Pei-Hong Nikolajsen, Lone Karppinen, Jaro Mannikko, Minna Kelempisioti, Anthi Goldman, David Maixner, William Geschwind, Daniel H. Max, Mitchell B. Seltzer, Ze'ev Woolf, Clifford J. TI Multiple chronic pain states are associated with a common amino acid changing allele in KCNS1 (vol 133, pg 2519, 2010) SO BRAIN LA English DT Correction C1 [Costigan, Michael; Griffin, Robert S.; Barrett, Lee B.; Cobos, Enrique J.; Allchorne, Andrew; Woolf, Clifford J.] Childrens Hosp, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Costigan, Michael; Griffin, Robert S.; Barrett, Lee B.; Cobos, Enrique J.; Allchorne, Andrew; Woolf, Clifford J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Belfer, Inna; Dai, Feng; Poddar, Minakshi; Max, Mitchell B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Mol Epidemiol Pain Program, Dept Anaesthesiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Coppola, Giovanni; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wu, Tianxia] NIH, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kiselycznyk, Carly; Shen, Pei-Hong; Goldman, David] NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Lu, Yan; Seltzer, Ze'ev] Univ Toronto, Comparat Pain Phen & Genom Lab, Ctr Study Pain, Fac Dent, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada. [Lu, Yan; Seltzer, Ze'ev] Univ Toronto, Comparat Pain Phen & Genom Lab, Ctr Study Pain, Fac Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada. [Diatchenko, Luda; Smith, Shad; Maixner, William] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Neurosensory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zaykin, Dmitri] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gershon, Edith] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Dent, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Livneh, Jessica] Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Canc, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Nikolajsen, Lone] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Danish Pain Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Karppinen, Jaro; Mannikko, Minna; Kelempisioti, Anthi] Univ Oulu, Dept Med Biochem & Mol Biol, Oulu 90014, Finland. RP Costigan, M (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-8950 J9 BRAIN JI Brain PD JUL PY 2011 VL 134 BP 2186 EP 2186 DI 10.1093/brain/awq387 PN 7 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 782YV UT WOS:000292049600031 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Turner, J Wrenn, BA AF Mukherjee, Biplab Turner, Jay Wrenn, Brian A. TI Effect of Oil Composition on Chemical Dispersion of Crude Oil SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemical dispersion; crude oil composition; SARA; dispersion effectiveness; droplet-size distributions ID EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; DROPLET SIZE; PERFORMANCE; SALINITY; TOXICITY; ENERGY; SPILLS; IMPACT AB Effects of oil composition on dispersion effectiveness (defined as the mass fraction of oil entrained as droplets in the water column) and droplet-size distribution were investigated using baffled-flask mixing systems. The composition of oil samples used in dispersion experiments was systematically manipulated by varying the relative concentrations of the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions. Forward stepwise linear regression was used with a generalized linear model that included main effects and two-factor interactions to evaluate the effects of oil composition on chemical dispersion. Limited sensitivity analysis was used to determine whether the significant effects were strongly dependent on the specific combination of responses observed in these experiments or insensitive to small changes within the range of variation that was observed. The concentration of the aromatics fraction and the saturates-resins interaction exerted statistically significant, positive effects on dispersion effectiveness (p < 0.05). Regardless of composition, the droplet-size distributions observed in these experiments were multimodal consisting of small-(< 7 mu m), medium-(7-20 mu m), and large-sized (> 20 mu m) droplets. Higher concentrations of the saturates fraction favored the entrainment of floating oil as small and medium-sized droplets, whereas the aromatics-asphaltenes interaction reduced the amount of oil present as small droplets. Aromatics-asphaltenes interaction increased the overall diameter of mean volume (DMV) of the dispersed oil droplets, and the saturates-asphaltenes interaction reduced it. C1 [Mukherjee, Biplab; Turner, Jay] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Wrenn, Brian A.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mukherjee.biplab@epa.gov FU Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering FX The authors would like to thank Larry Heugatter (Conoco Philips) for providing the crude oils used in the research, and Pratim Biswas (Washington University) for providing access to the OPC. The Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering provided financial support to B.M. during this research. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 28 IS 7 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1089/ees.2010.0226 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786DN UT WOS:000292283600004 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Krantz, QT King, C Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Hazari, Mehdi S. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Winsett, Darrell W. Krantz, Q. Todd King, Charly Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI TRPA1 and Sympathetic Activation Contribute to Increased Risk of Triggered Cardiac Arrhythmias in Hypertensive Rats Exposed to Diesel Exhaust SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; arrhythmia; cardiac; diesel exhaust; sympathetic; TRPA1 ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; VENTRICULAR-ARRHYTHMIAS; GUINEA-PIGS; INHALATION; PULMONARY; RESPONSES; OZONE; ASSOCIATION AB BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust (DE), which is emitted from on-and off-road sources, is a complex mixture of toxic gaseous and particulate components that leads to triggered adverse cardio-vascular effects such as arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that increased risk of triggered arrhythmias 1 day after DE exposure is mediated by airway sensory nerves bearing transient receptor potential (TRP) channels [e. g., transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1)] that, when activated by noxious chemicals, can cause a centrally mediated autonomic imbalance and heightened risk of arrhythmia. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats implanted with radiotelemeters were whole-body exposed to either 500 mu g/m(3) (high) or 150 mu g/m(3) (low) whole DE (wDE) or filtered DE (fDE), or to filtered air (controls), for 4 hr. Arrhythmogenesis was assessed 24 hr later by continuous intravenous infusion of aconitine, an arrhythmogenic drug, while heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored. RESULTS: Rats exposed to wDE or fDE had slightly higher HRs and increased low-frequency: high-frequency ratios (sympathetic modulation) than did controls; ECG showed prolonged ventricular depolarization and shortened repolarization periods. Rats exposed to wDE developed arrhythmia at lower doses of aconitine than did controls; the dose was even lower in rats exposed to fDE. Pretreatment of low wDE-exposed rats with a TRPA1 antagonist or sympathetic blockade prevented the heightened sensitivity to arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a single exposure to DE increases the sensitivity of the heart to triggered arrhythmias. The gaseous components appear to play an important role in the pro-arrhythmic response, which may be mediated by activation of TRPA1, and subsequent sympathetic modulation. As such, toxic inhalants may partly exhibit their toxicity by lowering the threshold for secondary triggers, complicating assessment of their risk. C1 [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Winsett, Darrell W.; Krantz, Q. Todd; King, Charly; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hazari, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, 109 Alexander Dr,B105, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hazari.mehdi@epa.gov NR 40 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 119 IS 7 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1289/ehp.1003200 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 786IT UT WOS:000292299300027 PM 21377951 ER PT J AU Peed, LA Nietch, CT Kelty, CA Meckes, M Mooney, T Sivaganesan, M Shanks, OC AF Peed, Lindsay A. Nietch, Christopher T. Kelty, Catherine A. Meckes, Mark Mooney, Thomas Sivaganesan, Mano Shanks, Orin C. TI Combining Land Use Information and Small Stream Sampling with PCR-Based Methods for Better Characterization of Diffuse Sources of Human Fecal Pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; FRESH-WATER; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; BACTEROIDALES AB Diffuse sources of human fecal pollution allow for the direct discharge of waste into receiving waters with minimal or no treatment. Traditional culture-based methods are commonly used to characterize fecal pollution in ambient waters, however these methods do not discern between human and other animal sources of fecal pollution making it difficult to identify diffuse pollution sources. Human-associated quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods in combination with low-order headwatershed sampling, precipitation information, and high-resolution geographic information system land use data can be useful for identifying diffuse source of human fecal pollution in receiving waters. To test this assertion, this study monitored nine headwatersheds over a two-year period potentially impacted by faulty septic systems and leaky sanitary sewer lines. Human fecal pollution was measured using three different human-associated qPCR methods and a positive significant correlation was seen between abundance of human-associated genetic markers and septic systems following wet weather events. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed with sanitary sewer line densities suggesting septic systems are the predominant diffuse source of human fecal pollution in the study area. These results demonstrate the advantages of combining water sampling, climate information, land-use computer-based modeling, and molecular biology disciplines to better characterize diffuse sources of human fecal pollution in environmental waters. C1 [Peed, Lindsay A.; Nietch, Christopher T.; Kelty, Catherine A.; Meckes, Mark; Sivaganesan, Mano; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mooney, Thomas] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX We thank the Clermont County Office of Environmental Quality for access to geographic information system septic and sewer data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA., Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 13 BP 5652 EP 5659 DI 10.1021/es2003167 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 783IQ UT WOS:000292075100029 PM 21662992 ER PT J AU Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, B Gullett, BK Tabor, D Touati, A AF Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara Gullett, Brian K. Tabor, Dennis Touati, Abderrahmane TI PBDDs/Fs and PCDDs/Fs in the Raw and Clean Flue Gas during Steady State and Transient Operation of a Municipal Waste Combustor SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; INCINERATION; BEHAVIOR; PCDD/F AB Concentrations of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -dibenzofurans (PBDDs/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs), were determined in the pre- and post-air pollution control system (APCS) flue gas of a municipal waste combustor (MWC). Operational transients of the combustor were found to considerably increase levels of PBDDs/Fs and PCDDs/Fs compared to steady state operation, both for the raw and clean flue gas; Sigma PBDDs/Fs increased from 72.7 to 700 pg dscm(-1) in the raw, pre-APCS gas and from 1.45 to 9.53 pg dscm(-1) in the post-APCS flue gas; Sigma PCDDs/Fs increased from 240 to 960 ng dscm(-1) in the pre-APCS flue gas, and from 1.52 to 16.0 ng dscm(-1) in the post-APCS flue gas. The homologue profile of PBDDs/Fs and PCDDs/Fs in the raw flue gas (steady state and transients) was dominated by hexa- and octa-isomers, while the clean flue gas homologue profile was enriched with tetra- and penta-isomers. The efficiency of the APCS for PBDD/F and PCDD/F removal was estimated as 98.5% and 98.7%, respectively. The cumulative TEQ(PCDD/F+PBDD/F) from the stack was dominated by PCDD/F: the TEQ of PBDD/F contributed less than 0.1% to total cumulative toxic equivalency of MWC stack emissions. C1 [Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara; Gullett, Brian K.; Tabor, Dennis] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res Postdoctoral Progra, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E343-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX This research was supported in part by an appointment of the Postdoctoral Research Program at the U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The authors want to thank all participants of the 2006 MWC sampling campaign. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 13 BP 5853 EP 5860 DI 10.1021/es200364u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 783IQ UT WOS:000292075100057 PM 21657324 ER PT J AU Li, XG Yang, GT Zhao, G Wu, B Edin, ML Zeldin, DC Wang, DW AF Li, Xuguang Yang, Guangtian Zhao, Gang Wu, Bin Edin, Matthew L. Zeldin, Darryl C. Wang, Dao Wen TI Rosuvastatin attenuates the elevation in blood pressure induced by overexpression of human C-reactive protein SO HYPERTENSION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; reactive oxygen species; statin ID COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; SUPEROXIDE-PRODUCTION; KINASE CONTRIBUTES; MEDIATED DILATION; STATIN THERAPY AB C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to function as an inflammatory factor to induce endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins suggest that they may attenuate CRP-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to induce overexpression of human CRP (AAV-hCRP) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) control (AAV-GFP). At 2 months after injection, rats were administered rosuvastatin by daily oral gavage (10 mg kg(-1)) for 2 additional months. Rosuvastatin administration attenuated the increased blood pressure and loss of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in AAV-hCRP-treated rats, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester blocked its hypotensive effect. Rosuvastatin also activated phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt, and inhibited Rho kinase activity in aorta. Rosuvastatin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species through downregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, p22 phox and gp91 phox, and upregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression. Rosuvastatin attenuated the increase in blood pressure in AAV-hCRP-treated rats through endothelial protection and antioxidant effects. Our data reveals a novel mechanism through which statins may lower blood pressure. Hypertension Research (2011) 34, 869-875; doi:10.1038/hr.2011.44; published online 12 May 2011 C1 [Li, Xuguang; Yang, Guangtian; Zhao, Gang; Wu, Bin; Wang, Dao Wen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Dept Internal Med,Inst Hypertens, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. [Edin, Matthew L.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Dept Internal Med,Inst Hypertens, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. EM dwwang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn OI Edin, Matthew/0000-0002-7042-500X FU '973' project [2007CB512004]; Wuhan City grants and Hubei Province project on risk prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES025043] FX This work was supported by '973' project (no. 2007CB512004), Wuhan City grants and Hubei Province project on risk prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES025043). NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0916-9636 J9 HYPERTENS RES JI Hypertens. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 7 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.1038/hr.2011.44 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 787PU UT WOS:000292390000016 PM 21562509 ER PT J AU Gross, KL Oakley, RH Scoltock, AB Jewell, CM Cidlowski, JA AF Gross, Katherine L. Oakley, Robert H. Scoltock, Alyson B. Jewell, Christine M. Cidlowski, John A. TI Glucocorticoid Receptor alpha Isoform-Selective Regulation of Antiapoptotic Genes in Osteosarcoma Cells: A New Mechanism for Glucocorticoid Resistance SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DNA-BINDING; HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES; CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTION; TRANSACTIVATION DOMAIN; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION AB Glucocorticoids regulate a variety of physiological processes and are commonly used to treat disorders of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Glucocorticoid action is predominantly mediated through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR)alpha isoform. Recent data suggest that the mature GR alpha mRNA is translated into multiple N-terminal isoforms that have distinct biochemical properties and gene regulatory profiles. Interestingly, osteosarcoma cells stably expressing the GR alpha-D translational isoform are unique in that they are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether GR alpha isoform-specific differences in the regulation of antiapoptotic genes contribute to this resistant phenotype. We now show that GR alpha-D, unlike the other receptor isoforms, does not inhibit the activity of a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)-responsive reporter gene and does not efficiently repress either the transcription or protein production of the antiapoptotic genes Bcl-xL, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, and survivin. The inability of GR alpha-D to down-regulate the expression of these genes appears to be associated with a diminished interaction between GR alpha-D and NF-kappa B that is observed in cells, but not in vitro, and likely reflects the sequestration of GR alpha-D in the nucleus. Deletion of the GR alpha N-terminal amino acids 98-335 also results in a nuclear resident GR, which fails to interact with NF-kappa B in cells and promote apoptosis in response to glucocorticoids. These data suggest that the N-terminal translational isoforms of GR alpha selectively regulate antiapoptotic genes and that the GR alpha-D isoform may contribute to the resistance of certain cancer cells to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. (Molecular Endocrinology 25: 1087-1099, 2011) C1 [Gross, Katherine L.; Oakley, Robert H.; Scoltock, Alyson B.; Jewell, Christine M.; Cidlowski, John A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,Mail Drop F3-07, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cidlows1@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1099 DI 10.1210/me.2010-0051 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 784DF UT WOS:000292133500002 PM 21527497 ER PT J AU Saha, RN Wissink, EM Bailey, ER Zhao, ML Fargo, DC Hwang, JY Daigle, KR Fenn, JD Adelman, K Dudek, SM AF Saha, Ramendra N. Wissink, Erin M. Bailey, Emma R. Zhao, Meilan Fargo, David C. Hwang, Ji-Yeon Daigle, Kelly R. Fenn, J. Daniel Adelman, Karen Dudek, Serena M. TI Rapid activity-induced transcription of Arc and other IEGs relies on poised RNA polymerase II SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; LATE-PHASE; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; HSP70 GENE; IN-VIVO; P-TEFB AB Transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs) in neurons is highly sensitive to neuronal activity, but the mechanism underlying these early transcription events is largely unknown. We found that several IEGs, such as Arc (also known as Arg3.1), are poised for near-instantaneous transcription by the stalling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) just downstream of the transcription start site in rat neurons. Depletion through RNA interference of negative elongation factor, a mediator of Pol II stalling, reduced the Pol II occupancy of the Arc promoter and compromised the rapid induction of Arc and other IEGs. In contrast, reduction of Pol II stalling did not prevent transcription of IEGs that were expressed later and largely lacked promoter-proximal Pol II stalling. Together, our data strongly indicate that the rapid induction of neuronal IEGs requires poised Pol II and suggest a role for this mechanism in a wide variety of transcription-dependent processes, including learning and memory. C1 [Saha, Ramendra N.; Wissink, Erin M.; Bailey, Emma R.; Zhao, Meilan; Hwang, Ji-Yeon; Daigle, Kelly R.; Fenn, J. Daniel; Dudek, Serena M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Fargo, David C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lib & Informat Serv, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Adelman, Karen] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dudek, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dudek@niehs.nih.gov RI Saha, Ramendra/C-7000-2014; OI Saha, Ramendra/0000-0002-5494-2584; Dudek, Serena M./0000-0003-4094-8368 FU US National Institutes of Health, NIEHS [Z01 ES100221, Z01 ES101987] FX We thank D. Armstrong, P. Wade and members of the Dudek laboratory for critical review of the manuscript, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Viral Vector Core for lentivirus preparations, the NIEHS Microarray Core for generating, processing and analyzing microarray data, the US National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center for ChIP-seq sample preparations and sequencing, and the NIEHS Imaging Center for assistance with confocal imaging. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the US National Institutes of Health, NIEHS (Z01 ES100221 to S. M. D. and Z01 ES101987 to K.A.). NR 46 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1097-6256 EI 1546-1726 J9 NAT NEUROSCI JI Nat. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 14 IS 7 BP 848 EP U62 DI 10.1038/nn.2839 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 783KR UT WOS:000292081700012 PM 21623364 ER PT J AU Meek, ME Boobis, AR Crofton, KM Heinemeyer, G Van Raaij, M Vickers, C AF Meek, M. E. (Bette) Boobis, Alan R. Crofton, Kevin M. Heinemeyer, Gerhard Van Raaij, Marcel Vickers, Carolyn TI Risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals: A WHO/IPCS framework SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cumulative exposure; Exposure assessment; Framework analysis; Hazard assessment; Mode of action; Predictive methodology; Risk characterization; Screening-level assessment; Tiered approach; Threshold of toxicological concern ID MODE AB This paper describes a framework for the risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals based on and developed subsequent to the World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety Workshop on Aggregate/Cumulative Risk Assessment (Combined Exposures to Multiple Chemicals) held in 2007. The framework is designed to aid risk assessors in identifying priorities for risk management for a wide range of applications where co-exposures to multiple chemicals are expected. It is based on a hierarchical (phased) approach that involves integrated and iterative consideration of exposure and hazard at all phases, with each tier being more refined (i.e., less cautious and more certain) than the previous one, but more labor and data intensive. It includes reference to predictive and probabilistic methodology in various tiers in addition to tiered consideration of uncertainty. The paper also annexes two case studies that have been developed to test and refine the framework. (C) 2011 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vickers, Carolyn] World Hlth Org, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Meek, M. E. (Bette)] Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr, Inst Populat Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Boobis, Alan R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Expt Med & Toxicol, Div Investigat Sci, London, England. [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Heinemeyer, Gerhard] BfR Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. [Van Raaij, Marcel] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Vickers, C (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Int Programme Chem Safety, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM Bette.Meck@uottawa.ca; vickersc@who.int RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 36 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 60 IS 2 SU 1 BP S1 EP S14 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.03.010 PG 14 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 784QL UT WOS:000292173200001 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Tadesse, H AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Tadesse, Haregewine TI Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of nano-TiO2 particles on synthetic biofilm SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nano-TiO2; Biofilm; Agarose beads; Sorption kinetics; pH effects ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; SUPERPOROUS AGAROSE BEADS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; WASTE-WATER; NANOPARTICLES; BIOREMEDIATION; SINGLE; SLUDGE AB Understanding the environmental behavior of nanoparticles includes their interaction with biofilms, which is a covering on the surface of a living or nonliving substrate composed of microorganisms. This study focuses on nano-TiO2 sorption mechanism by synthetic biofilm that was prepared as superporous spherical beads from agarose, using batch stirred flasks kept at room temperature. The pH plays an important part in these phenomena, by its influence on the nanoparticles and biofilm chemistry, where the biofilm nanoTiO(2) uptake at neutral pH was enhanced over acidic conditions. Hydroxylation of TiO2 nanoparticles, dependent on pH and the salinity of the solution, influences the stability of colloids, the sorption kinetics via the nature of limiting phases: diffusion through the boundary layer or intrabiofilm mass transfer and the sorption mechanism. The sorption follows pseudo first-order adsorption kinetics with estimated average rate constants of 2.2 (min(-1)). Equilibrium isotherms were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to obtain the maximum uptake at different solution pH and the free energy of the adsorption. The adsorption is apparently irreversible because biofilm limits diffusion of particles out of the pores and the complexation active binding sites on the surface hydrated biofilm to the hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew; Tadesse, Haregewine] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX This research was performed while Haregewine Tadesse held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at U.S. EPA, NRMRL Authors thank Tom Deinlein, Ben Packard, Mallikarjuna Nadagouda and Doug Kohls for helpful conversations and experimental support. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 605 IS 13-14 BP 1177 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2011.03.022 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 781BK UT WOS:000291905400009 ER PT J AU MacDonald, DD Moore, DRJ Ingersoll, CG Smorong, DE Carr, RS Gouguet, R Charters, D Wilson, D Harris, T Rauscher, J Roddy, S Meyer, J AF MacDonald, Donald D. Moore, Dwayne R. J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Smorong, Dawn E. Carr, R. Scott Gouguet, Ron Charters, David Wilson, Duane Harris, Tom Rauscher, Jon Roddy, Susan Meyer, John TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 1. Overview and Problem Formulation SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; CONTAMINANTS; SEDIMENTS; FLORIDA; MARINE; MINK; LAKE AB A remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) of the Calcasieu Estuary cooperative site was initiated in 1998. This site, which is located in the southwestern portion of Louisiana in the vicinity of Lake Charles, includes the portion of the estuary from the saltwater barrier on the Calcasieu River to Moss Lake. As part of the RI/FS, a baseline ecological risk assessment (BERA) was conducted to assess the risks to aquatic organisms and aquatic-dependent wildlife exposed to environmental contaminants. The purpose of the BERA was to determine if adverse effects on ecological receptors are occurring in the estuary; to evaluate the nature, severity, and areal extent of any such effects; and to identify the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on ecological receptors. This article describes the environmental setting and site history, identifies the chemicals of potential concern, presents the exposure scenarios and conceptual model for the site, and summarizes the assessment and measurement endpoints that were used in the investigation. Two additional articles in this series describe the results of an evaluation of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines as well as an assessment of risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediment. C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. [Moore, Dwayne R. J.] Intrinsik Environm Sci Inc, New Gloucester, ME 04260 USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Carr, R. Scott] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Charters, David] US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Wilson, Duane; Harris, Tom] Louisiana Dept Environm Qual, Baton Rouge, LA 70884 USA. [Rauscher, Jon; Roddy, Susan; Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. EM mesl@shaw.ca FU USEPA FX The authors acknowledge a number of individuals who provided excellent technical reviews of the document, including Paul Conzelmann (United States Parks Service), John Kern (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Denise Sanger (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources), Heather Findley, John DeMond (Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality), Barry Forsythe, and Buddy Goatcher (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). Funding for the preparation of this document was provided through a contract to CDM Federal Programs Corporation from the USEPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9636-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 777FJ UT WOS:000291601000001 PM 21442250 ER PT J AU MacDonald, DD Ingersoll, CG Smorong, DE Sinclair, JA Lindskoog, R Wang, N Severn, C Gouguet, R Meyer, J Field, J AF MacDonald, Donald D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Smorong, Dawn E. Sinclair, Jesse A. Lindskoog, Rebekka Wang, Ning Severn, Corrine Gouguet, Ron Meyer, John Field, Jay TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 2. An Evaluation of the Predictive Ability of Effects-Based Sediment-Quality Guidelines SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; TOXICITY; MARINE; CHEMISTRY; CRITERIA; FLORIDA; METALS AB Three sets of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) were evaluated to support the selection of sediment-quality benchmarks for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates in the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. These SQGs included probable effect concentrations (PECs), effects range median values (ERMs), and logistic regression model (LRMs)-based T(50) values. The results of this investigation indicate that all three sets of SQGs tend to underestimate sediment toxicity in the Calcasieu Estuary (i.e., relative to the national data sets), as evaluated using the results of 10-day toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, or Ampelisca abdita, and 28-day whole-sediment toxicity tests with the H. azteca. These results emphasize the importance of deriving site-specific toxicity thresholds for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates. C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.; Sinclair, Jesse A.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Lindskoog, Rebekka] Summit Environm Consultants Ltd, Vernon, BC V1T 9P9, Canada. [Severn, Corrine] Premier Environm Serv Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. [Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Field, Jay] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, 24-4800 Isl Highway N, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. EM mesl@shaw.ca FU USEPA (Region VI); CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX) FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful review comments on an earlier draft of this article. The authors also thank a number of individuals who supported the collection and analysis of environmental samples in the Calcasieu Estuary, including Mitch Goldberg, Scott Stone, Jerome Jackson (CDM Federal Programs Corp.), John Martin, Bill Marsh, Jason Kase, Gary Tourtellotte, Isaac Lynch, Mike Letson, Chris McCarthy, Melanie Wiggins, Angelica Malta, John Burgess, Martha Klein, Winthrop Allen, Mitch Elcan, Rich Reeves, Kevin Sanders, Herb Kelly, Mark Stinnett, Bill Stanton (CH2 M HILL), Sammie Faulk (Heberts Marina), Frank Kelly, Mark Wood (PPG Industries), K. M. Bagawandoss, Gina Smith, Kristie Olexy, Teresa Marino, Shannon Gautreau (American Analytical and Technical Services, Inc.), Robert Taylor, Terry Wade (Texas A&M University), Bill Luksemburg (ALTA Laboratories), Brad Craig (ACZ Laboratories), Anne Shortelle, Hugh Thomas (Harding ESE, Inc.), Scott Carr, James Biedenbach, Tom May, Nile Kemble, Doug Hardesty, Tom Johnson, and Bill Brumbaugh (United States Geological Survey). Compilation, translation, validation, and auditing of laboratory data were conducted by Dana Michel (Integrate, Inc.), Greg George (CH2 M HILL), Cherie Zakowski, and Amanda Burton (CDM Federal Program Corp.). The funding for this project was provided by USEPA (Region VI) through a contract with CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 14 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 777FJ UT WOS:000291601000002 PM 21442249 ER PT J AU MacDonald, DD Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Smorong, DE Sinclair, JA Lindskoog, R Gaston, G Sanger, D Carr, RS Biedenbach, J Gouguet, R Kern, J Shortelle, A Field, LJ Meyer, J AF MacDonald, Donald D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Smorong, Dawn E. Sinclair, Jesse A. Lindskoog, Rebekka Gaston, Gary Sanger, Denise Carr, R. Scott Biedenbach, James Gouguet, Ron Kern, John Shortelle, Ann Field, L. Jay Meyer, John TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 3. An Evaluation of the Risks to Benthic Invertebrates Associated With Exposure to Contaminated Sediments SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC STRUCTURE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; CRITERIA AB The sediments in the Calcasieu Estuary are contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs), including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, chlorinated benzenes, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The sources of these COPCs include both point and non-point source discharges. As part of a baseline ecological risk assessment, the risks to benthic invertebrates posed by exposure to sediment-associated COPCs were assessed using five lines of evidence, including whole-sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, whole-sediment toxicity, pore-water toxicity, and benthic invertebrate community structure. The results of this assessment indicated that exposure to whole sediments and/or pore water from the Calcasieu Estuary generally posed low risks to benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., risks were classified as low for 68% of the sampling locations investigated). However, incremental risks to benthic invertebrates (i.e., compared with those associated with exposure to conditions in reference areas) were indicated for 32% of the sampling locations within the estuary. Of the three areas of concern (AOCs) investigated, the risks to benthic invertebrates were highest in the Bayou d'Inde AOC; risks were generally lower in the Upper Calcasieu River AOC and Middle Calcasieu River AOC. The areas showing the highest risks to sediment-dwelling organisms were generally located in the vicinity of point source discharges of COPCs. These results provided risk managers with the information required to make decisions regarding the need for remedial actions at the site. C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.; Sinclair, Jesse A.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Lindskoog, Rebekka] Summit Environm Consultants Ltd, Vernon, BC V1T 9P9, Canada. [Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Carr, R. Scott; Biedenbach, James] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Kern, John] NOAA, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. [Shortelle, Ann] Harding ESE Inc, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. [Field, L. Jay] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, 24-4800 Isl Highway N, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. EM mesl@shaw.ca FU USEPA (Region VI); CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX) FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful review comments on an earlier draft of this article. The authors also thank a number of individuals who supported the collection and analysis of environmental samples in the Calcasieu Estuary, including Mitch Goldberg, Scott Stone, Jerome Jackson (CDM Federal Programs Corporation), John Martin, Bill Marsh, Jason Kase, Gary Tourtellotte, Isaac Lynch, Mike Letson, Chris McCarthy, Melanie Wiggins, Angelica Malta, John Burgess, Martha Klein, Winthrop Allen, Mitch Elcan, Rich Reeves, Kevin Sanders, Herb Kelly, Mark Stinnett, Bill Stanton (CH2 M HILL), Capt. Sammie Faulk (Heberts Marina), Frank Kelly, Mark Wood (PPG Industries), K. M. Bagawandoss, Gina Smith, Kristie Olexy, Teresa Marino, Shannon Gautreau (American Analytical and Technical Services, Inc.), Robert Taylor, Terry Wade (Texas A&M University), Bill Luksemburg (ALTA Laboratories), Brad Craig (ACZ Laboratories), Anne Shortelle, Hugh Thomas (Harding ESE, Inc.), James Biedenbach, Tom May, Nile Kemble, Doug Hardesty, Tom Johnson, and Bill Brumbaugh (USGS). Compilation, translation, validation, and auditing of laboratory data were conducted by Dana Michel (Integrate, Inc.), Greg George (CH2 M HILL), Cherie Zakowski, and Amanda Burton (CDM Federal Program Corporation). Funding for this project was provided by the USEPA (Region VI), through a contract with CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 29 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 777FJ UT WOS:000291601000003 PM 21442248 ER PT J AU Papasavva, S Andersen, SO AF Papasavva, Stella Andersen, Stephen O. TI GREEN-MAC-LCCP (c): Life-Cycle Climate Performance Metric for Mobile Air Conditioning Technology Choice SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE mobile air conditioning; HFC; industrial ecologylife cycle analysis; refrigerant; greenhouse gases ID OZONE AB Most refrigerants used today are potent chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), greenhouse gases (GHG) that can contribute significantly to anthropogenic climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion. In a business-as-usual scenario, HFC emissions in 2050 have been predicted to be equivalent to 9-19% (CO(2)-eq. basis) of projected global CO(2) emissions. This percentage increases to 28-45% if projected CO(2) emissions result in a 450-ppm CO(2) stabilization scenario. Half of current direct HFC emissions are from mobile air conditioning (MAC) and alternative refrigerants with lower global warming potential (GWP) should have higher energy efficiency. The European f-Gas Directive phases out the use of refrigerants with GWP > 150, including HFC-134a (GWP = 1430) from MACs by 2017. Life-Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) identifies environmentally superior technology to minimize GHG emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The comprehensive LCCP model, GREEN-MAC-LCCP (c) focuses on the current choice among alternative refrigerants that meet the f-Gas requirement starting in 2011. Using GREEN-MAC-LCCP (c) we estimate that the current MAC technology based on HFC-134a refrigerant demands additional fuel during vehicle A/C operation in the: USA by 7%, in the EU by 7%, in Japan by 9%, in India by 15-20%, and in China by 7-10% depending on the humidity. We compare these data with the projected LCCP CO(2)-eq. savings by the year 2017 when HFC-134a will be replaced by a low GWP alternative (GWP < 150) according to the f-Gas rule. We find that refrigerant HFO-1234yf has the potential to reduce global LCCP CO(2)-eq. greenhouse gas emissions by about 7% in 2017, whereas greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning systems using R-744 (carbon dioxide) refrigerants are estimated to be about 2% greater, compared to the current HFC-134a MAC baseline systems. (C) 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 30: 234-247, 2011 C1 [Papasavva, Stella] Now Stella Papasavva Consulting, Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. [Andersen, Stephen O.] Inst Governance & Sustainable Dev IGSD, US EPA, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Papasavva, S (reprint author), Now Stella Papasavva Consulting, Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. EM greengem09@gmail.com NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1944-7442 J9 ENVIRON PROG SUSTAIN JI Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy PD JUL PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.1002/ep.10465 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776SV UT WOS:000291559100012 ER PT J AU Carrillo, Y Ball, BA Bradford, MA Jordan, CF Molina, M AF Carrillo, Yolima Ball, Becky A. Bradford, Mark A. Jordan, Carl F. Molina, Marirosa TI Soil fauna alter the effects of litter composition on nitrogen cycling in a mineral soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil community; Nitrogen; Litter quality; Soil fauna; Mineralization; Decomposition; Macrofauna; Mesofauna; PLFA; Nematodes; Microarthropods; Bacteria; Fungi ID LEAF-LITTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION RATES; LIGNIN CONTROL; FOREST SOIL; FATTY-ACIDS; QUALITY; CARBON; DIVERSITY AB Plant chemical composition and the soil community are known to influence litter and soil organic matter decomposition. Although these two factors are likely to interact, their mechanisms and outcomes of interaction are not well understood. Studies of their interactive effects are rare and usually focus on carbon dynamics of litter, while nutrient dynamics in the underlying soil have been ignored. A potential mechanism of interaction stems from the role fauna plays in regulating availability of litter-derived materials in the mineral soil. We investigated the role of soil fauna (meso, macro) in determining the effect of surface-litter chemical composition on nitrogen mineralization and on the micro-food web in mineral soils. In a field setting we exposed mineral soil to six types of surface-applied litter spanning wide ranges of multiple quality parameters and restricted the access of larger soil animals to the soils underlying these litters. Over six months we assessed litter mass and nitrogen loss, nitrogen mineralization rates in the mineral soils, and soil microbes and microfauna. We found evidence that the structure of the soil community can alter the effect of surface-litter chemical composition on nitrogen dynamics in the mineral soil. In particular, we found that the presence of members of the meso- and macrofauna can magnify the control of nitrogen mineralization by litter quality and that this effect is time dependent. While fauna were able to affect the size of the micro-food web they did not impact the effect of litter composition on the abundance of the members of the micro-food web. By enhancing the strength of the impact of litter quality on nitrogen dynamics, the larger fauna can alter nitrogen availability and its temporal dynamics which, in turn, can have important implications for ecosystem productivity. These findings contribute to evidence demonstrating that soil fauna shape plant litter effects on ecosystem function. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carrillo, Yolima; Ball, Becky A.; Jordan, Carl F.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bradford, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Molina, Marirosa] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Carrillo, Y (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM yolcarri@gmail.com RI Ball, Becky/E-6573-2011; Bradford, Mark/G-3850-2012 OI Bradford, Mark/0000-0002-2022-8331 FU USDA-Southern Region SARE [GS05-044] FX USDA-Southern Region SARE provided funding for this research (Project number GS05-044). We thank Mark Hunter, David Coleman and Miguel Cabrera for their input on the project design, Matt Henderson for technical assistance with the GC-MS, and Kathryn Mitchell, Sunny Shanks, Ashley Johnson, Ryan Malloy, Bas Boots and Seth Wenger for lab and field assistance. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 49 U1 16 U2 153 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1440 EP 1449 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.011 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 776YI UT WOS:000291576800007 ER PT J AU Mueller, GA Gosavi, RA Pomes, A Wunschmann, S Moon, AF London, RE Pedersen, LC AF Mueller, G. A. Gosavi, R. A. Pomes, A. Wuenschmann, S. Moon, A. F. London, R. E. Pedersen, L. C. TI Ara h 2: crystal structure and IgE binding distinguish two subpopulations of peanut allergic patients by epitope diversity SO ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE allergy; Ara h 2; immunotherapy; peanut; structure ID WORM ALPHA-AMYLASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PROTEINS; INHIBITOR; SEVERITY; FOOD; CHILDREN; ARA-H-2; WHEAT AB P>Background: Peanut allergy affects 1% of the population and causes the most fatal food-related anaphylactic reactions. The protein Ara h 2 is the most potent peanut allergen recognized by 80-90% of peanut allergic patients. Methods: The crystal structure of the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 was determined for the first time at 2.7 A resolution using a customized maltose-binding protein (MBP)-fusion system. IgE antibody binding to the MBP fusion construct vs the natural allergen was compared by ELISA using sera from peanut allergic patients. Results: The structure of Ara h 2 is a five-helix bundle held together by four disulfide bonds and related to the prolamin protein superfamily. The fold is most similar to other amylase and trypsin inhibitors. The MBP-Ara h 2 fusion construct was positively recognized by IgE from 76% of allergic patients (25/33). Two populations of patients could be identified. Subpopulation 1 (n = 14) showed an excellent correlation of IgE antibody binding to natural vs recombinant Ara h 2. Subpopulation 2 (n = 15) showed significantly reduced IgE binding to the MBP fusion protein. Interestingly, about 20% of the IgE binding in subpopulation 2 could be recovered by increasing the distance between MBP and Ara h 2 in a second construct. Discussion: The reduced IgE binding to the MBP-Ara h 2 of subpopulation 2 indicates that the MBP molecule protects an immunodominant epitope region near the first helix of Ara h 2. Residues involved in the epitope(s) are suggested by the crystal structure. The MBP-Ara h 2 fusion constructs will be useful to further elucidate the relevance of certain epitopes to peanut allergy. C1 [Mueller, G. A.; Gosavi, R. A.; Moon, A. F.; London, R. E.; Pedersen, L. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Pomes, A.; Wuenschmann, S.] INDOOR Biotechnol Inc, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Mueller, GA (reprint author), 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD-MR01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mueller3@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01AI077653]; U S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We are grateful to Dr Robert Petrovich in the Protein Expression Core Facility for use of the CD spectrometer and Dr Jason Williams in the Protein Microcharacterization Facility for mass spectrometric analysis. We thank Dr Michael Fessler and Dr Donald Cook for a critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. AP and SW were funded in part by grant R01AI077653 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. X-ray diffraction data were collected at Southeast Regional Collaborative Access Team (SER-CAT) 22-ID (or 22-BM) beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-4538 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PD JUL PY 2011 VL 66 IS 7 BP 878 EP 885 DI 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02532.x PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 772FP UT WOS:000291220000010 PM 21255036 ER PT J AU Huerta-Yepez, S Baay-Guzman, GJ Bebenek, IG Hernandez-Pando, R Vega, MI Chi, L Riedl, M Diaz-Sanchez, D Kleerup, E Tashkin, DP Gonzalez, FJ Bonavida, B Zeidler, M Hankinson, O AF Huerta-Yepez, S. Baay-Guzman, G. J. Bebenek, I. G. Hernandez-Pando, R. Vega, M. I. Chi, L. Riedl, M. Diaz-Sanchez, D. Kleerup, E. Tashkin, D. P. Gonzalez, F. J. Bonavida, B. Zeidler, M. Hankinson, O. TI Hypoxia Inducible Factor promotes murine allergic airway inflammation and is increased in asthma and rhinitis SO ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE allergic airway inflammation; asthma; hypoxia-inducible factor; rhinitis ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; ARNT-DEFICIENT MICE; PROLYL 4-HYDROXYLASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR 1-ALPHA; AH RECEPTOR; ANGIOGENESIS; HIF-1-ALPHA AB P>Background: New therapies are necessary to address inadequate asthma control in many patients. This study sets out to investigate whether hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is essential for development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and therefore a potential novel target for asthma treatment. Methods: Mice conditionally knocked out for HIF-1 beta were examined for their ability to mount an allergic inflammatory response in the lung after intratracheal exposure to ovalbumin. The effects of treating wild-type mice with either ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) or 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), which upregulate and downregulate HIF, respectively, were determined. HIF-1 alpha levels were also measured in endobronchial biopsies and bronchial fluid of patients with asthma and nasal fluid of patients with rhinitis after challenge. Results: Deletion of HIF-1 beta resulted in diminished AAI and diminished production of ovalbumin-specific IgE and IgG(1). EDHB enhanced the inflammatory response, which was muted upon simultaneous inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). EDHB and 2ME antagonized each other with regard to their effects on airway inflammation and mucus production. The levels of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF increased in lung tissue and bronchial fluid of patients with asthma and in the nasal fluid of patients with rhinitis after challenge. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that HIF is directly involved in the development of AAI. Most importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that HIF-1 alpha is increased after challenge in patients with asthma and rhinitis. Therefore, we propose that HIF may be a potential therapeutic target for asthma and possibly for other inflammatory diseases. C1 [Huerta-Yepez, S.; Baay-Guzman, G. J.] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Unidad Invest Enfermedades Oncol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Bebenek, I. G.; Chi, L.; Hankinson, O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hernandez-Pando, R.] Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr, Dept Pathol, Expt Pathol Sect, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico. [Vega, M. I.] IMSS, Hosp Oncol CMN Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Oncol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Riedl, M.; Zeidler, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Clin Immunol & Allergy, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, D.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tashkin, D. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gonzalez, F. J.] NCI, Lab Metab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bonavida, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Zeidler, M.] WLA VA Med Ctr, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hankinson, O (reprint author), UCLA Pathol & Lab Med, Box 951732,10833 Le Conte Ave,13-244 Factor Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ohank@mednet.ucla.edu FU University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS-CONACYT); Mexico Federal Funds [HIM/2008/034]; National Institutes of Health [R01 CA28868, R01 HL080343]; National Cancer Institute; US Environmental Protection Agency; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico [CONACyT-195431] FX Supported by a Collaborative Research Grant from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS-CONACYT) (S.H.Y and O.H), Mexico Federal Funds Grant HIM/2008/034 (S.H.-Y., G. B.-G.), National Institutes of Health grants R01 CA28868 (O.H.) and R01 HL080343 (E. K. and M.Z.), and the National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program (F.J.G.), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (D. D-S.). We thank Kelly Joiner and Stephen Hop for helping prepare the manuscript for submission and Xiaomeng Wu for technical assistance. We thank Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Doctoral scholarship degree grant (G.J. B-G) CONACyT-195431 from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-4538 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PD JUL PY 2011 VL 66 IS 7 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02594.x PG 10 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 772FP UT WOS:000291220000014 PM 21517900 ER PT J AU Nye, JA Loewensteiner, DA Miller, TJ AF Nye, Janet A. Loewensteiner, David A. Miller, Thomas J. TI Annual, Seasonal, and Regional Variability in Diet of Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic croaker; Crepuscular feeding; Hypoxia; Chesapeake Bay; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Stomach content analysis ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DEMERSAL FISH; RIVER ESTUARY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NETWORK ANALYSIS; REEF FISHES; HYPOXIA; SHELF; EUTROPHICATION; COMMUNITY AB Atlantic croaker is one of the most abundant demersal fish in Chesapeake Bay. Until recently, when substantial declines in abundance have occurred, high biomass supported elevated fisheries landings. Therefore, study of the diet of Atlantic croaker is important to understand its own dynamics and its role in the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Patterns in the diet of croaker varied annually, seasonally, and spatially, but were not strongly correlated with any measured environmental variables. Although the majority of the diet of croaker consisted of polychaetes and other benthic items, about 20% of the croaker diet by weight consisted of anchovy and other fishes. Croaker consumption of anchovy is likely a result of crepuscular feeding that has not been captured in previous studies that sampled during the day and with bottom trawls. Thus, croaker influences both the benthic and pelagic components of the Chesapeake Bay food web and incorporating such diel patterns in diet may increase the reliability of fishery ecosystem models. C1 [Nye, Janet A.; Loewensteiner, David A.; Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Nye, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM nye.janet@epa.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office [NA07FU0534] FX We thank numerous volunteers and the crew of the RV Aquarius for their help in collection of samples. Comments by A. Peer, K. Curti, J. Edwards, L. Bauer and two anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office (Grant NA07FU0534) and their support is gratefully acknowledged. This is contribution number XXX of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9348-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 772TO UT WOS:000291259800003 ER PT J AU Klein, M Brown, L Ashbolt, NJ Stuetz, RM Roser, DJ AF Klein, Marcus Brown, Leearna Ashbolt, Nicholas J. Stuetz, Richard M. Roser, David J. TI Inactivation of indicators and pathogens in cattle feedlot manures and compost as determined by molecular and culture assays SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE survival; nonculturability; microcosm; real-time PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; AMENDED SOIL; QUANTITATIVE PCR; LAND APPLICATION; LIVESTOCK WASTE AB Accurate and conservative information about pathogen inactivation rates is needed as the basis for safe manure management on beef cattle feedlots. The survival of indicators and pathogens in faecal pen manure, stockpiled manure and manure compost was measured with autochthonous indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, total coliforms) and pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni) using culture and/or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. Additionally, the manures were incubated at 20, 37, 50 and 60 degrees C in microcosms to quantify the persistence of autochthonous microorganisms and selected process performance surrogates (Clostridium sporogenes, green fluorescent protein-labelled E. coli and L. monocytogenes). Estimated qPCR cell counts indicated that up to four orders of magnitude more target cells were present compared with the culturable counts. Corresponding T(90) estimates were up to sixfold higher. This study demonstrates the benefits of nucleic acid-based quantification of pathogen inactivation in cattle manures and concludes that the concurrent analysis of microorganisms by molecular and culture methods provides complementary value. C1 [Klein, Marcus; Brown, Leearna; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.; Stuetz, Richard M.; Roser, David J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM mklein@unsw.edu.au FU Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA) FX This work was supported by Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA). We would like to express our thanks to Robyn W. Tucker from Feedlot Services Australia Pty Ltd (FSA Consulting) for her contribution in fieldwork. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 77 IS 1 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01098.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 773MX UT WOS:000291312500018 PM 21446944 ER PT J AU Blair, A Thomas, K Coble, J Sandler, DP Hines, CJ Lynch, CF Knott, C Purdue, MP Zahm, SH Alavanja, MCR Dosemeci, M Kamel, F Hoppin, JA Freeman, LB Lubin, JH AF Blair, Aaron Thomas, Kent Coble, Joseph Sandler, Dale P. Hines, Cynthia J. Lynch, Charles F. Knott, Charles Purdue, Mark P. Zahm, Shelia Hoar Alavanja, Michael C. R. Dosemeci, Mustafa Kamel, Freya Hoppin, Jane A. Freeman, Laura Beane Lubin, Jay H. TI Impact of pesticide exposure misclassification on estimates of relative risks in the Agricultural Health Study SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FARM APPLICATORS; CANCER INCIDENCE; RELIABILITY; DISEASE; CHLORPYRIFOS; INFORMATION; COHORT; WOMEN AB Background The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective study of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. We evaluate the impact of occupational pesticide exposure misclassification on relative risks using data from the cohort and the AHS Pesticide Exposure Study (AHS/PES). Methods We assessed the impact of exposure misclassification on relative risks using the range of correlation coefficients observed between measured post-application urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and a chlorpyrifos metabolite and exposure estimates based on an algorithm from 83 AHS pesticide applications. Results Correlations between urinary levels of 2,4-D and a chlorpyrifos metabolite and algorithm estimated intensity scores were about 0.4 for 2,4-D (n=64), 0.8 for liquid chlorpyrifos (n=4) and 0.6 for granular chlorpyrifos (n=12). Correlations of urinary levels with kilograms of active ingredient used, duration of application, or number of acres treated were lower and ranged from -0.36 to 0.19. These findings indicate that a priori expert-derived algorithm scores were more closely related to measured urinary levels than individual exposure determinants evaluated here. Estimates of potential bias in relative risks based on the correlations from the AHS/PES indicate that non-differential misclassification of exposure using the algorithm would bias estimates towards the null, but less than that from individual exposure determinants. Conclusions Although correlations between algorithm scores and urinary levels were quite good (ie, correlations between 0.4 and 0.8), exposure misclassification would still bias relative risk estimates in the AHS towards the null and diminish study power. C1 [Blair, Aaron; Purdue, Mark P.; Zahm, Shelia Hoar; Alavanja, Michael C. R.; Dosemeci, Mustafa; Freeman, Laura Beane; Lubin, Jay H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Thomas, Kent] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.; Kamel, Freya; Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hines, Cynthia J.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Knott, Charles] Battelle Inc, Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Knott, Charles] Battelle Inc, Ctr Evaluat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Blair, A (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Execut Plaza S,Room 8008, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM blaira@mail.nih.gov RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015; Purdue, Mark/C-9228-2016; Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Purdue, Mark/0000-0003-1177-3108; Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NIH (Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute) [Z01CP010119]; NIH (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) [Z01-ES049030-1]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [68-D99-011, 68-D99-012, DW-75-93912801-0] FX This research was partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (Z01CP010119) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES049030-1)). This work has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contracts 68-D99-011 and 68-D99-012, and through Interagency Agreement DW-75-93912801-0. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1136/oem.2010.059469 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 773KY UT WOS:000291307400012 PM 21257983 ER PT J AU Luxton, TP Eick, MJ Scheckel, KG AF Luxton, Todd P. Eick, Matthew J. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI Characterization and dissolution properties of ruthenium oxides SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ruthenium oxide; Dissolution; Adsorption; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XPS; Organic acid; Oxalate; Ascorbic acid ID RUO2 THIN-FILMS; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ELECTRODE MATERIAL; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; ACID SOLUTIONS; IRON-OXIDES; SURFACE AB Ruthenium oxides (RuO(2)center dot 1 center dot 10H(2)O and RuO(2)) have been synthesized by forced hydrolysis and oxidation of ruthenium chloride. The resulting materials were extensively characterized to determine the crystallinity, surface area, and ruthenium oxidation state. Surface charging experiments indicate a large quantity of reactive functional groups for both materials and a decrease in the acidity of the surface functional groups with crystallization of the hydrous oxide. Dissolution studies conducted in acidic and basic pH environments indicate Ru-oxides are insoluble in 0.1 M HCl and slightly soluble in 0.1 M NaOH. Oxalate and ascorbate (5 mM) promoted dissolution of RuO(2)center dot 1 center dot 10H(2)O demonstrated an increase in dissolution rates with decreasing pH and increasing ligand surface coverage. XPS analysis of the RuO(2)center dot 1 center dot 10H(2)O surface after ligand promoted dissolution revealed the reduction of Ru(IV) to Ru(III) indicating that both ascorbate and oxalate reductively dissolve RuO(2)center dot 1 center dot 10H(2)O. Dissolution experiments with RuO(2) resulted in dissolution only for 5 mM oxalate at pH 3. Dissolution rates calculated for RuO(2)center dot 1 center dot 10H(2)O and RuO(2) are compared with previously published dissolution rates for iron oxides, demonstrating an order of magnitude decrease in the oxalate and ascorbate promoted dissolution. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Luxton, Todd P.; Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Luxton, Todd P.; Eick, Matthew J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Luxton, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM luxton.todd@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; Virginia Tech University FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here in a collaborative effort via contract with Virginia Tech University. It has not been subject to Agency review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official product endorsement should be inferred. NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 359 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.075 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 763XF UT WOS:000290592300005 PM 21511266 ER PT J AU Schoenborn, WA Fedo, CM AF Schoenborn, William A. Fedo, Christopher M. TI Provenance and paleoweathering reconstruction of the Neoproterozoic Johnnie Formation, southeastern California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neoproterozoic; Johnnie Formation; Provenance; Paleoweathering ID PALEOPROTEROZOIC SERPENT FORMATION; KINGSTON PEAK FORMATION; LOW-LATITUDE GLACIATION; GRAIN SIZE RELATIONS; TRUE POLAR WANDER; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; DEATH-VALLEY; CONTINENTAL RECONSTRUCTIONS; PROTEROZOIC SUPERCONTINENT; SILICICLASTIC SEDIMENTS AB Petrologic and geochemical data confirm that mudstones and sandstones of the Johnnie Formation were the initial siliciclastic deposits laid along the Cordilleran Laurentian margin following the Neoproterozoic break-up of Rodinia. Sedimentary rocks of the Johnnie Formation have corrected CIA values between 63 and 83 (or higher), which suggest moderate to intense weathering of crystalline source rocks or recycling. Based on modeling the fresh source rocks likely consisted of 90% granodiorite and 10% high-K granite. This conclusion is based on petrographic observations, major element geochemistry, and investigation of the REE: (La-CN/Sm-CN = 4.19 +/- 1.26, Gd-CN/Yb-CN = 1.34 +/- 0.38, Eu/Eu* = 0.63 +/- 0.09 and La-CN/Yb-CN = 9.55 +/- 2.27). Feldspars are unevenly distributed in the finer grained sedimentary rocks. Observed fluctuations in feldspar content throughout the Johnnie Formation are interpreted as a result of abrasion and hydrodynamic sorting, which concentrated feldspars in the finer grained sediment. None of the mudstone samples, including those collected just below and above the flat-pebble conglomerate in the upper Johnnie Formation, show evidence of true cold weather depositional conditions. Consequently, Johnnie Formation mudstone geochemistry does not record evidence of an extreme paleoclimatic environmental shift in the succession. Textural characteristics of Johnnie Formation sandstones are consistent with quiescent tectonic conditions characterized by low relief, and deposition of Johnnie Formation strata in a passive-margin setting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schoenborn, William A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Fedo, Christopher M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Schoenborn, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schoenborn.william@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-99-09308] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-99-09308 to CMF. We thank Balz Kamber of the University of Queensland, Australia (now of Laurentian University, Canada) for collecting the major- and trace-element geochemical data, Joe Wooden of the U.S. Geological Survey SHRIMP-RG lab at Stanford University for help in collecting the detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic data, and Harvey Belkin of the USGS in Reston, Virginia for help in collecting the electron microprobe data. We thank Grant Young, John Hanchar, David Lambert, and Mark Reeves for commenting on early versions of the manuscript. We also thank the journal referees for helping us clarify a number of points and improving several aspects of this paper. NR 85 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 22 PY 2011 VL 285 IS 1-4 BP 231 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.014 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 787CY UT WOS:000292355400019 ER PT J AU Vulimiri, SV Berger, A Sonawane, B AF Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V. Berger, Alvin Sonawane, Babasaheb TI The potential of metabolomic approaches for investigating mode(s) of action of xenobiotics: Case study with carbon tetrachloride SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Metabolomics; Mode of action; Xenobiotics; Carbon tetrachloride ID INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT-LIVER; GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRUG TOXICITY; METABONOMICS; URINE AB Both experimental animals and humans exhibit complex cellular responses upon exposure to xenobiotics and may undergo similar types of metabolic changes leading to adverse outcomes. Exposure to xenobiotics results in perturbation of many cellular events (e.g. oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, etc.), and during this process biochemicals (endogenous metabolites) of a given metabolic pathway are increased, decreased or unaffected. Metabolomics is an emerging medium to high-throughput technology that can automatically identify, quantify and characterize hundreds to thousands of low molecular weight biochemicals simultaneously, using targeted or global analytical approaches, yielding a metabolic fingerprint and understanding of biochemical pathway perturbations. Herein, we illustrate how metabolomics can be utilized to explore the mechanisms of action of xenobiotics which affect different 'key events' contributing to different mode(s) of action. The extensively studied hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) is specifically described. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Berger, Alvin] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vulimiri, SV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM vulimiri.sury@epa.gov OI Vulimiri, Suryanarayana/0000-0003-3734-0036 NR 95 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JUN 17 PY 2011 VL 722 IS 2 SI SI BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.02.013 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 787DH UT WOS:000292356300008 PM 20188855 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Ginsberg, GL AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Ginsberg, Gary L. TI Development and evaluation of a harmonized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for perchloroethylene toxicokinetics in mice, rats, and humans SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glutathione conjugation; Metabolism; Oxidation; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; Risk assessment; Tetrachloroethylene; Trichloroethylene; Uncertainty; Variability ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; B6C3F1 MICE; IN-VITRO; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER AB This article reports on the development of a "harmonized" PBPK model for the toxicokinetics of perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene or perc) in mice, rats, and humans that includes both oxidation and glutathione (GSH) conjugation of perc, the internal kinetics of the oxidative metabolite trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and the urinary excretion kinetics of the GSH conjugation metabolites N-Acetylated trichlorovinyl cysteine and dichloroacetic acid. The model utilizes a wider range of in vitro and in vivo data than any previous analysis alone, with in vitro data used for initial, or "baseline," parameter estimates, and in vivo datasets separated into those used for "calibration" and those used for "evaluation." Parameter calibration utilizes a limited Bayesian analysis involving flat priors and making inferences only using posterior modes obtained via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). As expected, the major route of elimination of absorbed perc is predicted to be exhalation as parent compound, with metabolism accounting for less than 20% of intake except in the case of mice exposed orally, in which metabolism is predicted to be slightly over 50% at lower exposures. In all three species, the concentration of perc in blood, the extent of perc oxidation, and the amount of TCA production is well-estimated, with residual uncertainties of similar to 2-fold. However, the resulting range of estimates for the amount of GSH conjugation is quite wide in humans (similar to 3000-fold) and mice (similar to 60-fold). While even high-end estimates of GSH conjugation in mice are lower than estimates of oxidation, in humans the estimated rates range from much lower to much higher than rates for perc oxidation. It is unclear to what extent this range reflects uncertainty, variability, or a combination. Importantly, by separating total perc metabolism into separate oxidative and conjugative pathways, an approach also recommended in a recent National Research Council review, this analysis reconciles the disparity between those previously published PBPK models that concluded low perc metabolism in humans and those that predicted high perc metabolism in humans. In essence, both conclusions are consistent with the data if augmented with some additional qualifications: in humans, oxidative metabolism is low, while GSH conjugation metabolism may be high or low, with uncertainty and/or interindividual variability spanning three orders of magnitude. More direct data on the internal kinetics of perc GSH conjugation, such as trichlorovinyl glutathione or tricholorvinyl cysteine in blood and/or tissues, would be needed to better characterize the uncertainty and variability in GSH conjugation in humans. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chiu, Weihsueh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ginsberg, Gary L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, 8623P,2 Potomac Yard N Bldg,2733 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov; gary.ginsberg@ct.gov FU Battelle Memorial Institute [EP-C-09-006]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Environmental Assessment FX Contract support for this work was provided by Battelle Memorial Institute (Contract EP-C-09-006, Eva McLanahan, Work Assignment Manager), which conducted the toxicokinetic data literature search and digitized and tabulated much of the available data. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jeffrey Fisher and colleagues for providing the data used in their perc PBPK model; Drs. Eva McLanahan, Paul Schlosser, and Nina Wang for helpful suggestions as to PBPK model development; and Dr. Andrew Bray, Ms. Rebecca Brown Dzubow, Dr. Kathryn Guyton, Dr. Maureen Gwinn, Dr. Elaina Kenyon, Dr. Leonid Kopylev, Dr. Sheppard Martin, Dr. Paul Schlosser, Ms. Cheryl Siegel Scott, Dr. Ravi Subramaniam, and Mr. Paul White for helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. G. Ginsberg is partially supported by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education academic fellowship to participate in risk assessment activities with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Environmental Assessment. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for comments that significantly strengthened the analysis and presentation of results. NR 107 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 253 IS 3 BP 203 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.020 PG 32 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 774FZ UT WOS:000291372000006 PM 21466818 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Ternes, TA AF Richardson, Susan D. Ternes, Thomas A. TI Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; SOLID-PHASE-EXTRACTION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PHOTOIONIZATION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS C1 [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ternes, Thomas A.] Fed Inst Hydrol, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 248 TC 262 Z9 273 U1 21 U2 366 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 12 BP 4614 EP 4648 DI 10.1021/ac200915r PG 35 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 775YP UT WOS:000291499800014 PM 21668018 ER PT J AU Sueyoshi, T Green, WD Vinal, K Woodrum, TS Moore, R Negishi, M AF Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Green, William D. Vinal, Kellie Woodrum, Tyler S. Moore, Rick Negishi, Masahiko TI Garlic Extract Diallyl Sulfide (DAS) Activates Nuclear Receptor CAR to Induce the Sult1e1 Gene in Mouse Liver SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; ESTROGEN SULFOTRANSFERASE; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; ENHANCER MODULE; 1E1 EXPRESSION; CYP2B6 GENE; CANCER; MICE; RISK AB Constituent chemicals in garlic extract are known to induce phase I and phase II enzymes in rodent livers. Here we have utilized Car(+/+) and Car(-/-) mice to demonstrate that the nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR regulated the induction of the estrogen sulfotransferase Sult1e1 gene by diallyl sulfide (DAS) treatment in mouse liver. DAS treatment caused CAR accumulation in the nucleus, resulting in a remarkable increase of SULT1E1 mRNA (3,200 fold) and protein in the livers of Car(+/+) females but not of Car(-/-) female mice. DAS also induced other CAR-regulated genes such as Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11 and Gadd45 beta. Compared with the rapid increase of these mRNA levels, which began as early as 6 hourrs after DAS treatment, the levels of SULT1E1 mRNA began increasing after 24 hours. This slow response to DAS suggested that CAR required an additional factor to activate the Sult1e1 gene or that this activation was indirect. Despite the remarkable induction of SULT1E1, there was no decrease in the serum levels of endogenous E2 or increase of estrone sulfate while the clearance of exogenously administrated E2 was accelerated in DAS treated mice. C1 [Sueyoshi, Tatsuya; Green, William D.; Vinal, Kellie; Woodrum, Tyler S.; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sueyoshi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM sueyoshi@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Zo1Es71005-01] FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Zo1Es71005-01. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 6 AR e21229 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021229 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 778TS UT WOS:000291730000064 PM 21698271 ER PT J AU Isaacson, C Zhang, W Powell, T Ma, X Bouchard, D AF Isaacson, Carl Zhang, Wei Powell, Tremaine Ma, Xin Bouchard, Dermont TI Temporal Changes in Aqu/C-60 Physical-Chemical, Deposition, and Transport Characteristics in Aqueous Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID TRANSPORT; FLOW CONDITIONS; HUMIC-ACID; WATER; RETENTION; AGGREGATION; KINETICS; NANOMATERIALS AB Little is known about how temporal changes in the physical chemical properties of C-60 aggregates formed in aqueous systems (termed aqu/C-60) can impact transport pathways contributing to ecological exposures. In this study three aqu/C-60 suspensions of short-term (100 days), intermediate-term (300 days), and long-term (1000 days) water exposure were first characterized for particle size distribution, water/toluene phase distribution, and surface chemistry. Then, aqu/C-60 deposition to a model silica surface and transport in porous media were studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and saturated sand columns. As suspension time increased, aqu/C-60 particle size shifted to a larger size range as determined by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and the aqu/C-60 distribution to toluene was reduced, likely due to surface polarization as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and UV visible spectroscopy of the aqu/C-60 suspensions. Additionally, the deposition to silica surfaces in both QCM and column studies decreased with increased water exposure time. Although a small increase in aqu/C-60 aggregate size with time may partially explain the greater transport of the long-term aqu/C-60 because of the decreased collector efficiency for larger submicrometer particles, the polarization of the aqu/C-60 (thus a more hydrophilic surface) revealed by the toluene/water phase distribution and confirmed by NMR, is considered the determining factor. C1 [Isaacson, Carl; Zhang, Wei; Powell, Tremaine; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA USA. [Ma, Xin] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bouchard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA USA. EM Bouchard.Dermont@EPA.gov RI Zhang, Wei/B-4219-2011 OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 12 BP 5170 EP 5177 DI 10.1021/es1041145 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 774YH UT WOS:000291422200018 PM 21574655 ER PT J AU Kikandi, SN Okello, VA Wang, Q Sadik, OA Varner, KE Burns, SA AF Kikandi, Samuel N. Okello, Veronica A. Wang, Qiong Sadik, Omowunmi A. Varner, Katrina E. Burns, Sarah A. TI Size-Exclusive Nanosensor for Quantitative Analysis of Fullerene C-60 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORAL BIOSENSOR; CYCLODEXTRIN; NANOPARTICLES; NANOMATERIALS; CYTOTOXICITY; CHOLESTEROL; SURFACES; COMPLEX; SENSOR AB This paper presents the first development of a mass-sensitive nanosensor for the isolation and quantitative analyses of engineered fullerene (C-60) nanoparticles, while excluding mixtures of structurally similar fullerenes. Amino-modified beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD-NH2) was synthesized and confirmed by (HNMR)-H-1 as the host molecule to isolate the desired fullerene C-60. This was subsequently assembled onto the surfaces of gold-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrodes using N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (DCC/NHS) surface immobilization chemistry to create a selective molecular configuration described as (Au)-S-(CH2)(2)-CONH-beta-CD sensor. The mass change on the sensor configuration on the QCM was monitored for selective quantitative analysis of fullerene C-60 from a C-60/C-70 mixture and soil samples. About similar to 10(14)-10(16) C-60 particles/cm(2) were successfully quantified by QCM measurements. Continuous spike of 200 mu L of 0.14 mg C-60 /mL produced changes in frequency (-Delta f) that varied exponentially with concentration. FESEM and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry confirmed the validity of sensor surface chemistry before and after exposure to fullerene C-60. The utility of this sensor for spiked real-world soil samples has been demonstrated. Comparable sensitivity was obtained using both the soil and purified toluene samples. This work demonstrates that the sensor has potential application in complex environmental matrices. C1 [Kikandi, Samuel N.; Okello, Veronica A.; Wang, Qiong; Sadik, Omowunmi A.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Sensors & Environm Syst CASE, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Varner, Katrina E.] US EPA, NERL Environm Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Burns, Sarah A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Sadik, OA (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Sensors & Environm Syst CASE, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM osadik@binghamton.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83409101]; [RFQ-RT-08-00130] FX We acknowledge the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for financial support through the STAR program (RD-83409101). SK also acknowledges the financial support of the Agency under the Student Services Contract No. RFQ-RT-08-00130. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 12 BP 5294 EP 5300 DI 10.1021/es1043084 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 774YH UT WOS:000291422200035 PM 21591755 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Jones, PA Calafat, AM Ye, XY Croghan, CW Chuang, JC Wilson, NK Clifton, MS Figueroa, Z Sheldon, LS AF Morgan, Marsha K. Jones, Paul A. Calafat, Antonia M. Ye, Xiaoyun Croghan, Carry W. Chuang, Jane C. Wilson, Nancy K. Clifton, Matthew S. Figueroa, Zaida Sheldon, Linda S. TI Assessing the Quantitative Relationships between Preschool Children's Exposures to Bisphenol A by Route and Urinary Biomonitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; DAY-CARE; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; US POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; CANNED FOODS; PHENOLS; RISK; BPA; MIGRATION AB Limited published information exists on young children's exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) in the United States using urinary biomonitoring. In a previous project, we quantified the aggregate exposures of 257 preschool children to BPA in environmental and personal media over 48-h periods in 2000-2001 at homes and daycares in North Carolina and Ohio. In the present study for 81 Ohio preschool children ages 23-64 months, we quantified the children's urinary total BPA (free and conjugated) concentrations over these same 48-h periods in 2001. Then, we examined the quantitative relationships between the children's intakes doses of BPA through the dietary ingestion, nondietary ingestion, and inhalation routes and their excreted amounts of urinary BPA. BPA was detected in 100% of the urine samples. The estimated median intake doses of BPA for these 81 children were 109 ng/kg/day (dietary ingestion), 0.06 ng/kg/day (nondietary ingestion), and 0.27 ng/kg/day (inhalation); their estimated median excreted amount of urinary BPA was 114 ng/kg/day. Our multivariable regression model showed that dietary intake of BPA (p = 0.04) and creatinine concentration (p = 0.004) were significant predictors of urinary BPA excretion, collectively explaining 17% of the variability in excretion. Dietary ingestion of BPA accounted for >95% of the children's excreted amounts of urinary BPA. C1 [Morgan, Marsha K.; Jones, Paul A.; Croghan, Carry W.; Clifton, Matthew S.; Sheldon, Linda S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.; Ye, Xiaoyun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Wilson, Nancy K.] Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Figueroa, Zaida] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-99-011] FX We thank Amber Bishop and Jack Reidy for the measurements of BPA. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. Predisclaimer: The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract #68-D-99-011 to Battelle. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 12 BP 5309 EP 5316 DI 10.1021/es200537u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 774YH UT WOS:000291422200037 PM 21612268 ER PT J AU Pendyala, S Moitra, J Kalari, S Kleeberger, SR Zhao, YT Reddy, SP Garcia, JGN Natarajan, V AF Pendyala, Srikanth Moitra, Jaideep Kalari, Satish Kleeberger, Steven R. Zhao, Yutong Reddy, Sekhar P. Garcia, Joe G. N. Natarajan, Viswanathan TI Nrf2 regulates hyperoxia-induced Nox4 expression in human lung endothelium: Identification of functional antioxidant response elements on the Nox4 promoter SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ROS; Endothelium; ARE; Nox4; Nrf2; Free radicals ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; PULMONARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NAD(P)H OXIDASE; NADPH OXIDASE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE; INJURY; ACTIVATION; MICE AB Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells contribute to the development and progression of vascular diseases. We have recently shown that hyperoxia enhances NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, which regulates lung endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Regulation of Nox4 in the vasculature is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify the transcriptional factor (s) involved in regulation of endothelial Nox4. We found that hyperoxia-induced Nox4 expression was markedly reduced in Nrf2(-/-) mice, compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice. Exposure of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) to hyperoxia stimulated Nrf2 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increased Nox4 expression. Knockdown of Nrf2 expression using an siRNA approach attenuated basal Nox4 expression; however, it enhanced superoxide/ROS generation under both normoxia and hyperoxia. In silico analysis revealed the presence of at least three consensus sequences for the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter region of Nox4. In transient transfections, hyperoxia stimulated Nox4 promoter activity in HLMVECs, and deletion of the -438 to -458 and -619 to -636 sequences markedly reduced hyperoxia-stimulated Nox4 promoter activation. ChIP analysis revealed an enhanced recruitment of Nrf2 to the endogenous Nox4 promoter spanning these two AREs after hyperoxic insult. Collectively, these results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel role for Nrf2 in regulating hyperoxia-induced Nox4 transcription via AREs in lung endothelium. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pendyala, Srikanth; Natarajan, Viswanathan] Univ Illinois, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Moitra, Jaideep] Gennova Biopharmaceut Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Kalari, Satish] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhao, Yutong] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Reddy, Sekhar P.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Garcia, Joe G. N.; Natarajan, Viswanathan] Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Garcia, Joe G. N.; Natarajan, Viswanathan] Univ Illinois, Inst Personalized Resp Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Natarajan, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM visnatar@uic.edu RI Kalari, Satish/C-6967-2012 FU NIH [HL08553, HL58064, HL66109] FX This work was supported by NIH Grants HL08553 and HL58064 to V.N. and HL66109 to S.P.R. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1749 EP 1759 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.022 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 772KQ UT WOS:000291233200005 PM 21443946 ER PT J AU Wozniak, CA Martinez, JC AF Wozniak, Chris A. Martinez, Jeannette C. TI US EPA Regulation of Plant-Incorporated Protectants: Assessment of Impacts of Gene Flow from Pest-Resistant Plants SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency); FFDCA; FIFRA; plant-incorporated protectant; gene flow ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; MALVACEAE; COTTON; INTROGRESSION; INVASIVENESS; ARABIDOPSIS; SUNFLOWERS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency licenses pesticide-expressing plants under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Transgenes and their pesticidal products represent pesticides under FIFRA and are referred to as plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs). When sexually compatible wild relatives (SCWR) are sympatric with PIP crops, there is a need to assess the potential for adverse effects to man and the environment resulting from transgene introgression in accord with FIFRA requirements. Genetic compatibility, introgression, weediness of SCWR x PIP hybrids, seed dispersal, and dormancy, among other parameters, as well as effects on other species (herbivores and beneficial insects), all need to be considered as part of the risk assessment for experimental use under Section 5 or registration under Section 3 of FIFRA. EPA is currently developing data requirements and guidance toward addressing potential gene flow impacts from PIPs. C1 [Wozniak, Chris A.; Martinez, Jeannette C.] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Off Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wozniak, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Off Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, 7511P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 8 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 11 BP 5859 EP 5864 DI 10.1021/jf1030168 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 770GJ UT WOS:000291074700010 PM 21080671 ER PT J AU Chandler, KJ Barrier, M Jeffay, S Nichols, HP Kleinstreuer, NC Singh, AV Reif, DM Sipes, NS Judson, RS Dix, DJ Kavlock, R Hunter, ES Knudsen, TB AF Chandler, Kelly J. Barrier, Marianne Jeffay, Susan Nichols, Harriette P. Kleinstreuer, Nicole C. Singh, Amar V. Reif, David M. Sipes, Nisha S. Judson, Richard S. Dix, David J. Kavlock, Robert Hunter, Edward S., III Knudsen, Thomas B. TI Evaluation of 309 Environmental Chemicals Using a Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Adherent Cell Differentiation and Cytotoxicity Assay SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VITRO EMBRYOTOXICITY TESTS; HYPOXIC PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT; INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1-ALPHA; YA-SUBUNIT GENE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; PREDICTION MODELS; SELF-RENEWAL AB The vast landscape of environmental chemicals has motivated the need for alternative methods to traditional whole-animal bioassays in toxicity testing. Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide an in vitro model of embryonic development and an alternative method for assessing developmental toxicity. Here, we evaluated 309 environmental chemicals, mostly food-use pesticides, from the ToxCast (TM) chemical library using a mouse ES cell platform. ES cells were cultured in the absence of pluripotency factors to promote spontaneous differentiation and in the presence of DMSO-solubilized chemicals at different concentrations to test the effects of exposure on differentiation and cytotoxicity. Cardiomyocyte differentiation (alpha, beta myosin heavy chain; MYH6/MYH7) and cytotoxicity (DRAQ5 (TM)/Sapphire700 (TM)) were measured by In-Cell Western (TM) analysis. Half-maximal activity concentration (AC(50)) values for differentiation and cytotoxicity endpoints were determined, with 18% of the chemical library showing significant activity on either endpoint. Mining these effects against the ToxCast Phase I assays (similar to 500) revealed significant associations for a subset of chemicals (26) that perturbed transcription-based activities and impaired ES cell differentiation. Increased transcriptional activity of several critical developmental genes including BMPR2, PAX6 and OCT1 were strongly associated with decreased ES cell differentiation. Multiple genes involved in reactive oxygen species signaling pathways (NRF2, ABCG2, GSTA2, HIF1A) were strongly associated with decreased ES cell differentiation as well. A multivariate model built from these data revealed alterations in ABCG2 transporter was a strong predictor of impaired ES cell differentiation. Taken together, these results provide an initial characterization of metabolic and regulatory pathways by which some environmental chemicals may act to disrupt ES cell growth and differentiation. C1 [Chandler, Kelly J.; Barrier, Marianne; Jeffay, Susan; Nichols, Harriette P.; Hunter, Edward S., III] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chandler, Kelly J.; Kleinstreuer, Nicole C.; Reif, David M.; Sipes, Nisha S.; Judson, Richard S.; Dix, David J.; Kavlock, Robert; Knudsen, Thomas B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, Amar V.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chandler, KJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chandler.kelly@epa.gov RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013; OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767; Kleinstreuer, Nicole/0000-0002-7914-3682 FU US EPA through Information Technology (IT-ESE) [68-W-04-005]; U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, Human Health, Cross-ORD, and CompTox FX The U.S. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, Human Health, Cross-ORD, and CompTox funded and managed the research described here. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Lockheed Martin is a contractor to the EPA. The work performed by Lockheed Martin on this study is funded by the US EPA through Information Technology (IT-ESE) contract No.: 68-W-04-005, Task Order No. 058: Technical Support for Development of Developmental Systems Toxicity Network (DevToxNet). This work statement includes contributing activities to the present study for text-mining and data visualization. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 6 AR e18540 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018540 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 777HR UT WOS:000291607000003 PM 21666745 ER PT J AU Jayaraman, S Knuth, ML Cantwell, M Santos, A AF Jayaraman, Saro Knuth, Michael L. Cantwell, Mark Santos, Antelmo TI High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phytoplankton pigments using a C-16-Amide column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Monovinyl chlorophylls; Divinyl chlorophylls; Prochlorophytes; Carotenoids; C-16-Amide column ID EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; POLYMERIC OCTADECYLSILICA COLUMN; DIVINYL CHLOROPHYLL FORMS; CONTAINING MOBILE PHASES; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; HPLC METHOD; CAROTENOIDS AB In this study, a reverse-phase HPLC method incorporating a ternary solvent system was developed to analyze most polar and non-polar chlorophylls and carotenoids present in phytoplankton. The method is based on an RP-C-16-Amide column and provided excellent peak resolution of most taxonomically important pigments and an elution profile different than C-8 or C-18 columns provide. Analysis of mixed pigment standards, extracts of phytoplankton monocultures, and field samples showed that this method was able to resolve more than sixty pigments, ranging from very polar acidic chlorophylls to the non-polar hydrocarbon carotenes in less than 36 min. This included chlorophylls c(1), c(2) and c(3), divinyl chlorophylls a and b. the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin and some recently discovered pigments. The ability of this method to resolve divinyl chl b from monovinyl chl b and divinyl chl a from monovinyl chl a is particularly important for the quantification and identification of the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus spp. in oceanic waters. The described protocol is sensitive and reproducible and can be used to assess the distribution and dynamics of major phytoplankton groups in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jayaraman, Saro; Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Knuth, Michael L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Santos, Antelmo] Ocean Spray Inc, Lakeville Middleboro, MA 02349 USA. RP Jayaraman, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Jayaraman.saro@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Drs. Glen Thursby, James Latimer, and Darryl Keith for reviewing and commenting on this manuscript. The authors would like to thank Martha Simoneau for editing, proofreading, and formatting this manuscript. This paper is contribution number AED-02-076 of the Atlantic Ecology Division of the EPA ORD National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has funded the research described here, it has not been reviewed by the Agency. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 3 PY 2011 VL 1218 IS 22 BP 3432 EP 3438 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.058 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 771BQ UT WOS:000291132600004 PM 21497819 ER PT J AU Andreotti, V Ciribilli, Y Monti, P Bisio, A Lion, M Jordan, J Fronza, G Menichini, P Resnick, MA Inga, A AF Andreotti, Virginia Ciribilli, Yari Monti, Paola Bisio, Alessandra Lion, Mattia Jordan, Jennifer Fronza, Gilberto Menichini, Paola Resnick, Michael A. Inga, Alberto TI p53 Transactivation and the Impact of Mutations, Cofactors and Small Molecules Using a Simplified Yeast-Based Screening System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; MUTANT P53; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; IN-VIVO; CANCER-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; WILD-TYPE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; THERAPEUTIC TARGET AB Background: The p53 tumor suppressor, which is altered in most cancers, is a sequence-specific transcription factor that is able to modulate the expression of many target genes and influence a variety of cellular pathways. Inactivation of the p53 pathway in cancer frequently occurs through the expression of mutant p53 protein. In tumors that retain wild type p53, the pathway can be altered by upstream modulators, particularly the p53 negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. Methodology/Principal Findings: Given the many factors that might influence p53 function, including expression levels, mutations, cofactor proteins and small molecules, we expanded our previously described yeast-based system to provide the opportunity for efficient investigation of their individual and combined impacts in a miniaturized format. The system integrates i) variable expression of p53 proteins under the finely tunable GAL1,10 promoter, ii) single copy, chromosomally located p53-responsive and control luminescence reporters, iii) enhanced chemical uptake using modified ABC-transporters, iv) small-volume formats for treatment and dual-luciferase assays, and v) opportunities to co-express p53 with other cofactor proteins. This robust system can distinguish different levels of expression of WT and mutant p53 as well as interactions with MDM2 or 53BP1. Conclusions/Significance: We found that the small molecules Nutlin and RITA could both relieve the MDM2-dependent inhibition of WT p53 transactivation function, while only RITA could impact p53/53BP1 functional interactions. PRIMA-1 was ineffective in modifying the transactivation capacity of WT p53 and missense p53 mutations. This dual-luciferase assay can, therefore, provide a high-throughput assessment tool for investigating a matrix of factors that can influence the p53 network, including the effectiveness of newly developed small molecules, on WT and tumor-associated p53 mutants as well as interacting proteins. C1 [Andreotti, Virginia; Monti, Paola; Fronza, Gilberto; Menichini, Paola] IST, Natl Inst Canc Res, Unit Mol Mutagenesis, Genoa, Italy. [Ciribilli, Yari; Bisio, Alessandra; Lion, Mattia; Jordan, Jennifer; Inga, Alberto] CIBIO, Ctr Integrat Biol, Lab Transcript Networks, Trento, Italy. [Resnick, Michael A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Grp, Mol Genet Lab, Durham, NC USA. RP Andreotti, V (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dept Oncol Biol & Genet, Genoa, Italy. EM Resnick@niehs.nih.gov; inga@science.unitn.it RI Bisio, Alessandra/C-8214-2011; Andreotti, Virginia/K-4506-2016 OI Andreotti, Virginia/0000-0002-2569-0832 FU NIEHS [Z01-ES065079]; Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) [9086, 5506] FX This work was supported by intramural research funds from NIEHS to MAR, project Z01-ES065079, and by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG#9086 to AI and AIRC IG#5506 to GF). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 2 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 6 AR e20643 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0020643 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 773ME UT WOS:000291310600022 PM 21674059 ER PT J AU Sierszen, ME Kelly, JR Corry, TD Scharold, JV Yurista, PM AF Sierszen, Michael E. Kelly, John R. Corry, Timothy D. Scharold, Jill V. Yurista, Peder M. TI Benthic and pelagic contributions to Mysis nutrition across Lake Superior SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; KEWEENAW PENINSULA; LIFE-HISTORY; BALTIC SEA AB Quantifying nutritional sources for Mysis diluviana will help to clarify the basis for production in lakes with Mysis and improve models of migration-driven nutrient and contaminant transport. We sampled Mysis, plankton, and benthos across Lake Superior using a stratified-random design that provided a statistically valid representation of the lake across depths. We then estimated nutritional contributions to Mysis using stable isotope ratios of Mysis, zooplankton, Bythotrephes, Diporeia, oligochaetes, and detritus in a multiple-source, dual-isotope mixing model. Lake-wide, small (<1.0 cm) mysids relied almost exclusively upon plankton, whereas large mysids occupied a higher trophic position and obtained nutrition among sources. Model estimates of mean benthic contributions to large Mysis ranged from 27% to 58%. We predicted the importance of benthos to Mysis to track declining benthic biomass with depth. Model results indicated that if Diporeia were the only benthic food eaten, benthic contributions would decline to 40% with depth, but inclusion of detritus in the model resulted in consistent importance of benthic food across depths. The importance of benthos to mysid nutrition suggests strong benthic-pelagic coupling at all lake depths and might limit the ability of Mysis to support fisheries in systems that have lost Diporeia. C1 [Sierszen, Michael E.; Kelly, John R.; Corry, Timothy D.; Scharold, Jill V.; Yurista, Peder M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sierszen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM sierszen.michael@epa.gov NR 92 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1051 EP 1063 DI 10.1139/F2011-033 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 813MF UT WOS:000294370600008 ER PT J AU Fei, C DeRoo, LA Sandler, DP Weinberg, CR AF Fei, C. DeRoo, L. A. Sandler, D. P. Weinberg, C. R. TI INFERTILITY DRUGS AND YOUNG-ONSET BREAST CANCER: RESULTS FROM THE TWO SISTER STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA C1 [Fei, C.; DeRoo, L. A.; Sandler, D. P.; Weinberg, C. R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 173 SU 11 BP S236 EP S236 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 810GU UT WOS:000294114601218 ER PT J AU Jagai, JS Rosenbaum, BJ Pierson, SM Messer, LC Rappazzo, K Naumova, EN Lobdell, DT AF Jagai, J. S. Rosenbaum, B. J. Pierson, S. M. Messer, L. C. Rappazzo, K. Naumova, E. N. Lobdell, D. T. TI IMPAIRED DRINKING WATERS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL CONDITIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA C1 [Jagai, J. S.; Rosenbaum, B. J.; Pierson, S. M.; Messer, L. C.; Rappazzo, K.; Naumova, E. N.; Lobdell, D. T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 173 SU 11 BP S98 EP S98 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 810GU UT WOS:000294114600385 ER PT J AU Oswald, KJ French, BW Nielson, C Bagley, M AF Oswald, Kenneth J. French, B. Wade Nielson, Chad Bagley, Mark TI Selection for Cry3Bb1 Resistance in a Genetically Diverse Population of Nondiapausing Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Bt resistance; MON863; insect resistance management ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; INSECT RESISTANCE; FITNESS COSTS; BT CORN; HERITABILITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LEPIDOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB Five short-diapause laboratory lines of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), were selected for resistance to MON863, a variety of corn genetically modified with the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) transgene that expresses the Cry3Bb1 delta-endotoxin. Three of the selected lines were developed by incremental increase in the duration of exposure to MON863 over 11 generations (moderate selected lines). Two selected lines were developed from a control group by constant exposure to MON863 for at least 14 d posthatch over seven generations (intense selected lines). At the end of the experiment, survivorship, as measured by adult emergence, was approximate to 4 times higher in each of the selected lines reared on MON863 compared with control lines. Estimates of realized heritabilities (h(2)) were 0.16 and 0.15 for the moderate and intense selected lines, respectively, and are consistent with h(2) estimates reported previously from a variety of pest insects. These lines provide data necessary for evaluating the potential for Bt resistance within diabroticite beetles and will be useful for developing improved insect resistance management strategies. C1 [Oswald, Kenneth J.; Bagley, Mark] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div,Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [French, B. Wade; Nielson, Chad] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Oswald, KJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div,Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM oswald.kenneth@epa.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 104 IS 3 BP 1038 EP 1044 DI 10.1603/EC10312 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810IH UT WOS:000294118500043 PM 21735927 ER PT J AU Jewell, KP Wilson, JT AF Jewell, Kenneth P. Wilson, John T. TI A New Screening Method for Methane in Soil Gas Using Existing Groundwater Monitoring Wells SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; VAPOR INTRUSION; BIODEGRADATION; ATTENUATION; SUBSURFACE; OXYGEN; SITES AB Methane in soil gas may have undesirable consequences. The soil gas may be able to form a flammable mixture with air and present an explosion hazard. Aerobic biodegradation of the methane in soil gas may consume oxygen that would otherwise be available for biodegradation of gasoline hydrocarbons. The consumption of oxygen by methane may increase the chance of completing a vapor intrusion pathway for benzene. A protocol was developed to sample soil gas from conventional groundwater monitoring wells that had some portion of their screen in the vadose zone. This protocol was applied at 12 gasoline stations in Oklahoma. The soil gas as collected from the monitoring wells was not flammable, due to low concentrations of oxygen. However, soil gas at five of the 12 sites could form flammable mixtures in air. To allow a simple comparison of the possible effect of methane on vapor intrusion of benzene, characteristics of the sites were matched to computer simulations published by others. At three of 11 sites, the methane in the soil gas might cause unacceptable concentrations of benzene in a hypothetical receptor. Ethanol is readily fermented to methane. The increased use of ethanol in gasoline raises concerns about methane at gasoline spill sites. At five sites with high concentrations of methane, the concentration of (14)C in methane was used to determine the source of the methane. At four sites, the majority of the methane was produced from anaerobic biodegradation of petroleum, and not from ethanol or another biofuel. At three sites, the maximum possible contribution of methane from ethanol or another biofuel was 5.1% of total methane. At a fourth site, the maximum contribution of ethanol or another biofuel to methane was 31% of the total methane. At the fifth site, the methane came from a leak of natural gas. C1 [Jewell, Kenneth P.; Wilson, John T.] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK USA. RP Wilson, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK USA. EM Jewell.Ken@epa.gov; Wilson.Johnt@epa.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 82 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j1745-6592.2011.001345.x PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 809HH UT WOS:000294041900008 ER PT J AU Davis, J Cox, W Reff, A Dolwick, P AF Davis, Jerry Cox, William Reff, Adam Dolwick, Pat TI A comparison of CMAQ-based and observation-based statistical models relating ozone to meteorological parameters SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; CMAQ; Statistical models ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HOUSTON; CLIMATE AB Statistical relationships between ground-level daily maximum 8-h ozone (O(3)) concentrations and multiple meteorological parameters were developed for data drawn from ambient measurements and values that were simulated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. This study used concurrent and co-located data from both sources during the O(3) season (May 1-September 30) for a four-year period (2002-2005). Regression models were developed for 74 areas across the Eastern U.S. The most important meteorological parameters used in the model were found to be daily maximum temperature and the daily average relative humidity (RH). Average morning and afternoon wind speed as well as factors for the day of the week and years were also included in the statistical models. R(2) values above 60% were obtained for the majority of the locations in the analysis for both the ambient and CMAQ statistical models. Analysis of the covariate-specific effects revealed a tendency for the CMAQ model to underestimate how O(3) increases with temperature. These results suggest that air quality forecasts that incorporate the CMAQ model may be underestimating the climate penalty on future O(3) concentrations from warmer temperatures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, Jerry; Cox, William; Reff, Adam; Dolwick, Pat] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM davis.jerry@epa.gov; reff.adam@epa.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 20 BP 3481 EP 3487 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.060 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 793GV UT WOS:000292809300017 ER PT J AU Ge, Y Bruno, M Wallace, K Winnik, W Prasad, RY AF Ge, Yue Bruno, Maribel Wallace, Kathleen Winnik, Witold Prasad, Raju Y. TI Proteome profiling reveals potential toxicity and detoxification pathways following exposure of BEAS-2B cells to engineered nanoparticle titanium dioxide SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE BEAS-2B; Detoxification; Nanomaterial; Nanoproteomics; Titanium dioxide; Toxicity pathways ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IN-VITRO; MITOCHONDRIAL PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELL AB Oxidative stress is known to play important roles in engineered nanomaterial-induced cellular toxicity. However, the proteins and signaling pathways associated with the engineered nanomaterial-mediated oxidative stress and toxicity are largely unknown. To identify these toxicity pathways and networks that are associated with exposure to engineered nanomaterials, an integrated proteomic study was conducted using human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B and nanoscale titanium dioxide. Utilizing 2-DE and MS, we identified 46 proteins that were altered at protein expression levels. The protein changes detected by 2-DE/MS were verified by functional protein assays. These identified proteins include some key proteins involved in cellular stress response, metabolism, adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell growth, cell death, and cell signaling. The differentially expressed proteins weremapped using Ingenuity Pathway Analyses (TM) canonical pathways and Ingenuity Pathway Analyses tox lists to create protein-interacting networks and proteomic pathways. Twenty protein canonical pathways and tox lists were generated, and these pathways were compared to signaling pathways generated from genomic analyses of BEAS-2B cells treated with titanium dioxide. There was a significant overlap in the specific pathways and lists generated from the proteomic and the genomic data. In addition, we also analyzed the phosphorylation profiles of protein kinases in titanium dioxide-treated BEAS-2B cells for a better understanding of upstream signaling pathways in response to the titanium dioxide treatment and the induced oxidative stress. In summary, the present study provides the first protein-interacting network maps and novel insights into the biological responses and potential toxicity and detoxification pathways of titanium dioxide. C1 [Ge, Yue] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, B 105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Ge.yue@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Barbara Collins, Drs. Carl Blackman, Jeffrey Ross, Kevin Dreher, Doug Wolf, and Ram Ramabhadran for their very helpful comments on this manuscript. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 90 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2406 EP 2422 DI 10.1002/pmic.201000741 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 793OH UT WOS:000292832500005 PM 21595037 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M de la Cruz, AA O'Shea, K Falaras, P Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel de la Cruz, Armah A. O'Shea, Kevin Falaras, Polycarpos Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Effects of water parameters on the degradation of microcystin-LR under visible light-activated TiO2 photocatalyst SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NF-TiO2; NOM; pH; Alkalinity; Dissolved oxygen; Water treatment; MC-LR ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DOPED TIO2; ACID; OXIDATION; DIOXIDE; DESTRUCTION; SUSPENSIONS; MECHANISM; FILMS AB A study was performed to determine the effect of pH, alkalinity, natural organic matter (NOM) and dissolved oxygen in the performance of nitrogen and fluorine doped TiO2 (NF-TiO2) for the degradation of hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in synthetic and natural water under visible light irradiation. The initial degradation rate of MC-LR was fastest under acidic conditions (3.50 +/- 0.02 x 10(-3) mu M min(-1) at pH 3.0) and decreased to 2.29 +/- 0.07 x 10(-3) and 0.54 +/- 0.02 x 10(-3) mu M min(-1) at pH 5.7 and 7.1, respectively. Attractive forces between the opposite charged MC-LR and NF-TiO2 are likely responsible for the enhancement in the photocatalytic decomposition of MC-LR resulting from increased interfacial adsorption. For carbonate buffered solutions, the photocatalytic activity of NF-TiO2 was reduced when increasing the carbonate concentration up to 150 mg CaCO3 L-1. The scavenging of radical species by the bicarbonate ion at pH 7.1 is discussed. In the presence of NOM, the degradation rates decreased as pH and initial concentration of the NOM increased. The inhibition was higher with fulvic acid than humic acid under alkaline conditions. Oxygenated solution yields higher NF-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR compared to nitrogen sparged solution at pH 5.7. The involvement of specific reactive oxygen species implicated in the photodegradation is proposed. Finally, no significant degradation is observed with various natural waters spiked with MC-LR under visible light (lambda > 420 nm) but high removal was achieved with simulated solar light. This study provides a better understanding of the interactions and photocatalytic processes initiated by NF-TiO2 under visible and solar light. The results indicate solar photocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for the treatment of water contaminated with cyanotoxins. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [O'Shea, Kevin] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL USA. [Falaras, Polycarpos] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens 15310, Greece. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833223]; Ohio State University Research Foundation [60021018]; European Commission [227017]; European Commission FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R833223), the Ohio State University Research Foundation (OSURF-USGS Project 60021018) and the European Commission (Clean Water - Grant Agreement number 227017). Clean Water is a Collaborative Project co-funded by the Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Priorities/FP7. We are thankful to Cincinnati Water Works for the assistance provided during the analysis of the water quality analysis. Judy Westrick and Green WaterLabs are acknowledged for collecting and sending the natural water samples. NR 33 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 82 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3787 EP 3796 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 788WN UT WOS:000292475200021 PM 21575981 ER PT J AU Plagnol, V Nalls, MA Bras, JM Hernandez, DG Sharma, M Sheerin, UM Saad, M Simon-Sanchez, J Schulte, C Lesage, S Sveinbjornsdottir, S Amouyel, P Arepalli, S Band, G Barker, RA Bellinguez, C Ben-Shlomo, Y Berendse, HW Berg, D Bhatia, K de Bie, RMA Biffi, A Bloem, B Bochdanovits, Z Bonin, M Brockmann, K Brooks, J Burn, DJ Charlesworth, G Chen, HL Chinnery, PF Chong, S Clarke, CE Cookson, MR Cooper, JM Corvol, JC Counsell, C Damier, P Dartigues, JF Deloukas, P Deuschl, G Dexter, DT van Dijk, KD Dillman, A Durif, F Durr, A Edkins, S Evans, JR Foltynie, T Freeman, C Gao, JJ Gardner, M Gibbs, JR Goate, A Gray, E Guerreiro, R Gustafsson, O Harris, C Hellenthal, G van Hilten, JJ Hofman, A Hollenbeck, A Holton, J Hu, M Huang, XM Huber, H Hudson, G Hunt, SE Huttenlocher, J Illig, T Jonsson, PV Langford, C Lees, A Lichtner, P Limousin, P Lopez, G Lorenz, D McNeill, A Moorby, C Moore, M Morris, H Morrison, KE Mudanohwo, E O'Sullivan, SS Pearson, J Pearson, R Perlmutter, JS Petursson, H Pirinen, M Pollak, P Post, B Potter, S Ravina, B Revesz, T Riess, O Rivadeneira, F Rizzu, P Ryten, M Sawcer, S Schapira, A Scheffer, H Shaw, K Shoulson, I Sidransky, E de Silva, R Smith, C Spencer, CCA Stefansson, H Steinberg, S Stockton, JD Strange, A Su, Z Talbot, K Tanner, CM Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, A Tison, F Trabzuni, D Traynor, BJ Uitterlinden, AG Vandrovcova, J Velseboer, D Vidailhet, M Vukcevic, D Walker, R van de Warrenburg, B Weale, ME Wickremaratchi, M Williams, N Williams-Gray, CH Winder-Rhodes, S Stefansson, K Martinez, M Donnelly, P Singleton, AB Hardy, J Heutink, P Brice, A Gasser, T Wood, NW AF Plagnol, Vincent Nalls, Michael A. Bras, Jose M. Hernandez, Dena G. Sharma, Manu Sheerin, Una-Marie Saad, Mohamad Simon-Sanchez, Javier Schulte, Claudia Lesage, Suzanne Sveinbjornsdottir, Sigurlaug Amouyel, Philippe Arepalli, Sampath Band, Gavin Barker, Roger A. Bellinguez, Celine Ben-Shlomo, Yoav Berendse, Henk W. Berg, Daniela Bhatia, Kailash de Bie, Rob M. A. Biffi, Alessandro Bloem, Bas Bochdanovits, Zoltan Bonin, Michael Brockmann, Kathrin Brooks, Janet Burn, David J. Charlesworth, Gavin Chen, Honglei Chinnery, Patrick F. Chong, Sean Clarke, Carl E. Cookson, Mark R. Cooper, J. Mark Corvol, Jean Christophe Counsell, Carl Damier, Philippe Dartigues, Jean-Francois Deloukas, Panos Deuschl, Guenther Dexter, David T. van Dijk, Karin D. Dillman, Allissa Durif, Frank Duerr, Alexandra Edkins, Sarah Evans, Jonathan R. Foltynie, Thomas Freeman, Colin Gao, Jianjun Gardner, Michelle Gibbs, J. Raphael Goate, Alison Gray, Emma Guerreiro, Rita Gustafsson, Omar Harris, Clare Hellenthal, Garrett van Hilten, Jacobus J. Hofman, Albert Hollenbeck, Albert Holton, Janice Hu, Michele Huang, Xuemei Huber, Heiko Hudson, Gavin Hunt, Sarah E. Huttenlocher, Johanna Illig, Thomas Jonsson, Palmi V. Langford, Cordelia Lees, Andrew Lichtner, Peter Limousin, Patricia Lopez, Grisel Lorenz, Delia McNeill, Alisdair Moorby, Catriona Moore, Matthew Morris, Huw Morrison, Karen E. Mudanohwo, Ese O'Sullivan, Sean S. Pearson, Justin Pearson, Richard Perlmutter, Joel S. Petursson, Hjoervar Pirinen, Matti Pollak, Pierre Post, Bart Potter, Simon Ravina, Bernard Revesz, Tamas Riess, Olaf Rivadeneira, Fernando Rizzu, Patrizia Ryten, Mina Sawcer, Stephen Schapira, Anthony Scheffer, Hans Shaw, Karen Shoulson, Ira Sidransky, Ellen de Silva, Rohan Smith, Colin Spencer, Chris C. A. Stefansson, Hreinn Steinberg, Stacy Stockton, Joanna D. Strange, Amy Su, Zhan Talbot, Kevin Tanner, Carlie M. Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh Tison, Francois Trabzuni, Daniah Traynor, Bryan J. Uitterlinden, Andre G. Vandrovcova, Jana Velseboer, Daan Vidailhet, Marie Vukcevic, Damjan Walker, Robert van de Warrenburg, Bart Weale, Michael E. Wickremaratchi, Mirdhu Williams, Nigel Williams-Gray, Caroline H. Winder-Rhodes, Sophie Stefansson, Kari Martinez, Maria Donnelly, Peter Singleton, Andrew B. Hardy, John Heutink, Peter Brice, Alexis Gasser, Thomas Wood, Nicholas W. CA WTCCC2 TI A Two-Stage Meta-Analysis Identifies Several New Loci for Parkinson's Disease SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; GENE; MUTATIONS; RISK; POPULATION; HAPLOTYPES; VARIANTS; SEQUENCE AB A previous genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis of 12,386 PD cases and 21,026 controls conducted by the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) discovered or confirmed 11 Parkinson's disease (PD) loci. This first analysis of the two-stage IPDGC study focused on the set of loci that passed genome-wide significance in the first stage GWA scan. However, the second stage genotyping array, the ImmunoChip, included a larger set of 1,920 SNPs selected on the basis of the GWA analysis. Here, we analyzed this set of 1,920 SNPs, and we identified five additional PD risk loci (combined p<5x10(-10), PARK16/1q32, STX1B/16p11, FGF20/8p22, STBD1/4q21, and GPNMB/7p15). Two of these five loci have been suggested by previous association studies (PARK16/1q32, FGF20/8p22), and this study provides further support for these findings. Using a dataset of post-mortem brain samples assayed for gene expression (n = 399) and methylation (n = 292), we identified methylation and expression changes associated with PD risk variants in PARK16/1q32, GPNMB/7p15, and STX1B/16p11 loci, hence suggesting potential molecular mechanisms and candidate genes at these risk loci. C1 [Plagnol, Vincent; Arepalli, Sampath; Brooks, Janet; Wood, Nicholas W.] UCL, UCL Genet Inst, London, England. [Nalls, Michael A.; Hernandez, Dena G.; Chong, Sean; Cookson, Mark R.; Dillman, Allissa; Gibbs, J. Raphael; Moore, Matthew; Traynor, Bryan J.; Singleton, Andrew B.] NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bras, Jose M.; Hernandez, Dena G.; Sheerin, Una-Marie; Charlesworth, Gavin; Gardner, Michelle; Gibbs, J. Raphael; Guerreiro, Rita; Ryten, Mina; de Silva, Rohan; Trabzuni, Daniah; Vandrovcova, Jana; Hardy, John; Wood, Nicholas W.] UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, Inst Neurol, London, England. [Sharma, Manu; Saad, Mohamad; Martinez, Maria] Ctr Physiopathol Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, UMR 1043, Toulouse, France. [Saad, Mohamad; Martinez, Maria] Univ Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France. [Simon-Sanchez, Javier; Bochdanovits, Zoltan; Rizzu, Patrizia; Heutink, Peter] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, Sect Med Genom, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Schulte, Claudia; Berg, Daniela; Brockmann, Kathrin; Huber, Heiko; Gasser, Thomas] Univ Tubingen, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Tubingen, Germany. [Schulte, Claudia; Berg, Daniela; Brockmann, Kathrin; Duerr, Alexandra; Huber, Heiko; Gasser, Thomas] German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Deutsch Zentrum Neurodegenerat Erkrangungen, Tubingen, Germany. [Lesage, Suzanne; Corvol, Jean Christophe; Duerr, Alexandra; Vidailhet, Marie; Brice, Alexis] INSERM, UMR S975, Paris, France. [Lesage, Suzanne; Corvol, Jean Christophe; Duerr, Alexandra; Vidailhet, Marie; Brice, Alexis] Univ Paris 06, Ctr Rech, Inst Cerveau & Moelleepiniere, UMR S975, Paris, France. [Lesage, Suzanne; Corvol, Jean Christophe; Vidailhet, Marie; Brice, Alexis] CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France. [Sveinbjornsdottir, Sigurlaug] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Sveinbjornsdottir, Sigurlaug] Broomfield Hosp, Mid Essex Hosp, Dept Neurol, Chelmsford, Essex, England. [Sveinbjornsdottir, Sigurlaug] Univ London, Queen Mary Coll, London, England. [Amouyel, Philippe; Huttenlocher, Johanna] INSERM, U744, F-59045 Lille, France. [Amouyel, Philippe] Univ Lille Nord, Inst Pasteur Lille, Lille, France. [Band, Gavin; Bellinguez, Celine; Freeman, Colin; Hellenthal, Garrett; Pearson, Richard; Pirinen, Matti; Strange, Amy; Su, Zhan; Vukcevic, Damjan; Donnelly, Peter] Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. [Barker, Roger A.; Williams-Gray, Caroline H.] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Neurol, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. [Ben-Shlomo, Yoav] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Berendse, Henk W.; van Dijk, Karin D.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Berendse, Henk W.; van Dijk, Karin D.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Alzheimer Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bhatia, Kailash] UCL, Inst Neurol, Dept Motor Neurosci, London, England. [de Bie, Rob M. A.; Velseboer, Daan] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Biffi, Alessandro] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Biffi, Alessandro] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Biffi, Alessandro] Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bloem, Bas; Post, Bart; van de Warrenburg, Bart] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bonin, Michael; Petursson, Hjoervar; Riess, Olaf] Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Genet, Inst Human Genet, Tubingen, Germany. [Burn, David J.] Newcastle Univ, Clin Ageing Res Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Chen, Honglei; Gao, Jianjun] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chinnery, Patrick F.; Hudson, Gavin] Newcastle Univ, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Clarke, Carl E.; Moorby, Catriona; Morrison, Karen E.; Stockton, Joanna D.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Clin & Expt Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Clarke, Carl E.] W Birmingham Hosp NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Cooper, J. Mark; McNeill, Alisdair; Schapira, Anthony] UCL, Inst Neurol, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, England. [Corvol, Jean Christophe] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, INSERM, CIC 9503, Paris, France. [Counsell, Carl; Harris, Clare] Univ Aberdeen, Div Appl Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Sect, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Damier, Philippe] CHU Nantes, CIC0004, Serv Neurol, F-44035 Nantes 01, France. [Dartigues, Jean-Francois] Univ Victor Segalen, INSERM, U897, Bordeaux, France. [Deloukas, Panos; Edkins, Sarah; Gray, Emma; Hunt, Sarah E.; Potter, Simon; Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Deuschl, Guenther; Lorenz, Delia] Univ Kiel, Neurol Klin, Univ Klinikum Schleswig Holstein, D-2300 Kiel, Germany. [Dexter, David T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Parkinsons Dis Res Grp, Fac Med, London, England. [Durif, Frank] Hop Gabriel Montpied, Serv Neurol, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Duerr, Alexandra; Brice, Alexis] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Dept Genet & Cytogenet, Paris, France. [Evans, Jonathan R.; Langford, Cordelia] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Ctr Brain Repair, Cambridge, England. [Goate, Alison; Perlmutter, Joel S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Gustafsson, Omar; Petursson, Hjoervar; Stefansson, Hreinn; Steinberg, Stacy; Stefansson, Kari] 14 DeCODE Genet, Reykjavik, Iceland. [van Hilten, Jacobus J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Hofman, Albert; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Uitterlinden, Andre G.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hollenbeck, Albert] Amer Assoc Retired Persons, Washington, DC USA. [Holton, Janice; Lees, Andrew; O'Sullivan, Sean S.; Revesz, Tamas; Shaw, Karen] UCL, Inst Neurol, Queen Sq Brain Bank Neurol Disorders, London, England. [Hu, Michele] John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Clin Neurol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Kinesiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Illig, Thomas] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [Jonsson, Palmi V.] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Geriatr, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Lichtner, Peter] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Human Genet, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. [Limousin, Patricia] UCL, Inst Neurol, Sobell Dept, Unit Funct Neurosurg, London, England. [Lopez, Grisel; Sidransky, Ellen] NHGRI, Sect Mol Neurogenet, Med Genet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Morris, Huw; Pearson, Justin; Williams, Nigel] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, MRC, Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Morrison, Karen E.] Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Fdn Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Neurosci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Mudanohwo, Ese] UCL, Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg, Inst Neurol, Neurogenet Unit, London, England. [Pollak, Pierre] CHU Grenoble, Serv Neurol, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Ravina, Bernard] Biogen Idec Inc, Translat Neurol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Rivadeneira, Fernando; Uitterlinden, Andre G.] Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Sawcer, Stephen] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. [Scheffer, Hans] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Shoulson, Ira] Univ Rochester, Dept Neurol, Rochester, NY USA. [Smith, Colin; Walker, Robert] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Pathol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Spencer, Chris C. A.; Talbot, Kevin] Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Clin Neurol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Tanner, Carlie M.] Parkinsons Inst & Clin Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Tison, Francois] Hop Haut Leveque, Serv Neurol, Pessac, France. [Weale, Michael E.] Kings Coll London, Dept Med & Mol Genet, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Wickremaratchi, Mirdhu] Cardiff Univ, Dept Neurol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Winder-Rhodes, Sophie] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England. [Winder-Rhodes, Sophie] Univ Cambridge, MRC, Wellcome Trust Behav & Clin Neurosci Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Plagnol, V (reprint author), UCL, UCL Genet Inst, London, England. EM n.wood@ion.ucl.ac.uk RI Singleton, Andrew/C-3010-2009; turton, miranda/F-4682-2011; Holton, Janice/F-6831-2011; Talbot, Kevin /F-7361-2011; Plagnol, Vincent/A-5667-2011; O'Sullivan, Sean/C-9333-2012; Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013; Hardy, John/C-2451-2009; Weale, Michael/F-2587-2010; Morris, Huw/B-8527-2008; Scheffer, Hans/E-4644-2012; Bloem, Bastiaan/E-3812-2010; Guerreiro, Rita/A-1327-2011; Traynor, Bryan/G-5690-2010; Hudson, Gavin/E-7117-2017; Bras, Jose/A-1428-2011; Charlesworth, Gavin/B-5895-2011; Cooper, J Mark/D-5826-2013; Deuschl, Gunther/A-7986-2010; Wood, Nicholas/C-2505-2009; Bloem, B.R./H-8013-2014; Trabzuni, Daniah/C-4034-2012; Rivadeneira, Fernando/O-5385-2015; van de Warrenburg, Bart/D-1935-2010; de Silva, Rohan/C-1734-2008; Martinez, Maria/B-3111-2013; corvol, jean-christophe/I-6387-2012; Revesz, Tamas/A-8732-2010 OI Holton, Janice/0000-0002-3882-5249; O'Sullivan, Sean/0000-0002-0583-7956; Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X; Weale, Michael/0000-0003-4593-1186; Morris, Huw/0000-0002-5473-3774; Scheffer, Hans/0000-0002-2986-0915; Walker, Robert/0000-0001-7383-7846; Bras, Jose/0000-0001-8186-0333; Hunt, Sarah/0000-0002-8350-1235; Plagnol, Vincent/0000-0002-5597-9215; Stefansson, Hreinn/0000-0002-9331-6666; Bhatia, Kailash/0000-0001-8185-286X; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779; Cooper, J Mark/0000-0002-3007-3054; Wood, Nicholas/0000-0002-9500-3348; Trabzuni, Daniah/0000-0003-4826-9570; Rivadeneira, Fernando/0000-0001-9435-9441; de Silva, Rohan/0000-0002-5052-5775; Martinez, Maria/0000-0003-2180-4537; corvol, jean-christophe/0000-0001-7325-0199; Revesz, Tamas/0000-0003-2501-0259 FU Wellcome Trust/MRC [WT089698]; Department of Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; Parkinson's UK [8047, J-0804]; Medical Research Council [G0700943]; Wellcome Trust [085475/B/08/Z, 085475/Z/08/Z]; Wolfson-Royal Society; UK Medical Research Council [G0901254]; Reta Lila Weston Trust for Medical Research; Landspitali University Hospital; Icelandic Research Council; European Community [PIAP-GA-2008-230596 MarkMD]; National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [Z01 AG000949-02, Z01-ES101986]; US Department of Defense [W81XWH-09-2-0128]; National Institutes of Health [NS057105, RR024992]; American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA); Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation; ForschungszentrumfurUmwelt und Gesundheit (GSF); German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology; State of Bavaria; German National Genome Network (NGFNplus) [01GS08134]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) NGFN [01GR0468]; Helmholtz Association [HA-215]; French National Agency of Research [ANR-08-MNP-012]; National Research Funding Agency [ANR-08-NEUR-004-01] FX This work was supported in part by the Wellcome Trust/MRC Joint Call in Neurodegeneration award (WT089698) to the UK Parkinson's Disease Consortium (UKPDC), whose members are from the UCL/Institute of Neurology, the University of Sheffield, and the MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit at the University of Dundee. Additionally, part of the study was undertaken at UCLH/UCL using funding through a Department of Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. This work was also supported by Parkinson's UK (Grants 8047 and J-0804) and the Medical Research Council (G0700943). Genotyping of UK replication cases on Immunochip was part of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 project which is funded by the Wellcome Trust (085475/B/08/Z and 085475/Z/08/Z). P Damier is partly supported by a Wolfson-Royal Society Merit award. The UK gene expression work was supported in part by the UK Medical Research Council (G0901254) to researchers based in the UCL Institute of Neurology and King's College London. J Holton receives support from the Reta Lila Weston Trust for Medical Research. This work was also supported by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund (S Sveinbjornsdottir), the Icelandic Research Council (S Sveinbjornsdottir), the European Community Framework Programme 7, People programme, IAPP on novel genetic and phenotypic markers of Parkinson's disease, and Essential Tremor (MarkMD), contract no PIAP-GA-2008-230596 MarkMD (H Petursson, J Holton). This US work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; project numbers Z01 AG000949-02 and Z01-ES101986. In addition this study was supported by the US Department of Defense, award number W81XWH-09-2-0128. Funding to support collection of a portion of the samples was obtained from the National Institutes of Health (grants NS057105 and RR024992), the American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA), Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation, and the Greater St. Louis Chapter of the APDA. The KORA research platform (KORA: Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg; http://www.gsf.de/KORA) was initiated and financed by the ForschungszentrumfurUmwelt und Gesundheit (GSF), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology and by the State of Bavaria. The study was additionally funded by the German National Genome Network (NGFNplus #01GS08134; German Ministry for Education and Research) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) NGFN (01GR0468) and in the frame of ERA-Net NEURON (01GW0908). This work was also supported by the Helmholtz Alliance Mental Health in an Ageing Society (HelMA, HA-215) funded by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association. The French GWA scan work was supported by the French National Agency of Research (http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr, ANR-08-MNP-012) and by the National Research Funding Agency (ANR-08-NEUR-004-01) in ERANET NEURON framework (http://www.neuron-eranet.eu). We also want to thank the Hersenstichting Nederland (http://www.hersenstichting.nl), the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and the section of Medical genomics, the Prinses Beatrix Fonds(http://www.prinsesbeatrixfonds. nl) for sponsoring this work.; The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation f the manuscript. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 7 IS 6 AR e1002142 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002142 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 787OJ UT WOS:000292386300055 ER PT J AU George, BJ Schultz, BD Palma, T Vette, AF Whitaker, DA Williams, RW AF George, Barbara Jane Schultz, Bradley D. Palma, Ted Vette, Alan F. Whitaker, Donald A. Williams, Ronald W. TI An evaluation of EPA's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA): Comparison with benzene measurements in Detroit, Michigan SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ambient concentration; Human exposure; Personal exposure; Detroit Exposure and Aerosol; Research Study ID PERSONAL EXPOSURE; POLLUTANTS; INDOOR AB The U.S. EPA periodically evaluates ambient concentrations, human exposures, and health risks for 180 hazardous air pollutants plus diesel particulate matter using modeled estimates from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). NATA publishes estimates at the spatial resolution of U.S. Census tracts, which are subdivisions of a county. These local scale, model-predicted estimates from NATA are used extensively in community-based assessments; however, evaluation of NATA's ambient concentrations and human exposure estimates against measurement data has been limited to date. This paper compares modeled annual average benzene results from the 2002 NATA with measured results from the 2004 to 2007 Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) as a case study of the quality of NATA results. NATA model estimates support community-scale characterization and assessment. Benzene is particularly important as it was estimated by the 2002 NATA as the largest single air toxic pollutant in terms of cancer risk in the U.S. We found that the average ambient concentrations of benzene predicted by NATA were within 5 percent, on average, of the 24-h integrated average ambient concentrations measured in DEARS. The NATA human exposure estimates, which include only outdoor sources for benzene, were, on average, approximately half the measured breathing zone concentrations from DEARS. Our analyses support that the factors driving higher DEARS personal benzene concentrations relative to the NATA predicted exposure values are likely due, at least in part, to indoor sources. This work points to further community-scale modeling research to improve characterizations and assessments of human exposures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [George, Barbara Jane; Schultz, Bradley D.; Vette, Alan F.; Whitaker, Donald A.; Williams, Ronald W.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Palma, Ted] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP George, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM george.bj@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 19 BP 3301 EP 3308 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.031 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778PF UT WOS:000291715900010 ER PT J AU Raines, SS Kubala, D AF Raines, Susan S. Kubala, David TI Environmental conflict resolution by water utilities: Applications and lessons learned SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION; PROTECTION-AGENCY C1 [Raines, Susan S.] Kennesaw State Univ, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Raines, Susan S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Kubala, David] Cherokee Cty Water & Sewerage Author, Canton, GA USA. RP Raines, SS (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, 1000 Chastain Rd NW,Mail Drop 2205, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 778AC UT WOS:000291668200009 ER PT J AU Peterson, GS Hoffman, JC Trebitz, AS West, CW Kelly, JR AF Peterson, Gregory S. Hoffman, Joel C. Trebitz, Anett S. West, Corlis W. Kelly, John R. TI Establishment patterns of non-native fishes: Lessons from the Duluth-Superior harbor and lower St. Louis River, an invasion-prone Great Lakes coastal ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Non-native; Fish; Establishment; Lake Superior; St. Louis River ID RUFFE GYMNOCEPHALUS-CERNUUS; GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; PERCH MORONE-AMERICANA; SAMPLING LITTORAL FISH; WHITE PERCH; ROUND GOBY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; NEARSHORE AREAS; ESTUARINE FISH AB We conducted a 2-year, multi-gear survey in the lower St. Louis River, which includes the Duluth-Superior harbor, an international shipping port and non-native species invasion "hotspot." Our objectives were to quantify the contribution of non-native species to the overall fish assemblage and assess their spatial distribution and abundance. We captured 10 non-native fishes; none, however, were first detections. Non-native fishes composed roughly one quarter of the total species richness, were found in 84% of samples, and composed 15% of the total abundance. The spatial distribution and abundance of non-native fishes was dependent on gear selection (and thereby habitat selection), sampling location, and abundance measure (individuals or biomass). We used a recently published non-native species establishment framework to integrate catch data from the different gears. Viewed in the context of this framework, we identified only two non-native fishes, Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), as both widespread and abundant, whereas we identified three as localized and rare. Moreover, the time since first detection of non-native fishes was not predictive of their frequency of occurrence across the study area, underscoring the importance of environmental and biological factors in controlling fish establishment success. Although non-native fishes constitute a considerable portion of the trawl catch in the river channel, from a multi-gear system-wide perspective, native fishes collectively make up the majority of the fish biomass and abundance in the lower St. Louis River. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Peterson, Gregory S.; Hoffman, Joel C.; Trebitz, Anett S.; West, Corlis W.; Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Peterson, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM peterson.greg@epa.gov; hoffman.joel@epa.gov; trebitz.anett@epa.gov; west.corlis@epa.gov; kelly.johnr@epa.gov NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j/jglr.2011.03.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 778OB UT WOS:000291712900018 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Pappas, E AF Shuster, W. D. Pappas, E. TI Laboratory Simulation of Urban Runoff and Estimation of Runoff Hydrographs with Experimental Curve Numbers Implemented in USEPA SWMM SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Storm water management; Rainfall intensity; Hydrologic models; Infiltration; Urban areas; Runoff; Hydrographs ID SYSTEMS AB The prognostic capabilities of a lumped hydrologic modeling approach may be complicated by routing and connectivity among infiltrative and impervious surfaces. We used artificial rainfall to generate runoff from impervious and bare soil boxes arranged in series to simulate different extents and connectivity of impervious surfaces under different moisture conditions for pervious areas. Curve numbers were calculated from observed rainfall and runoff data, compared with published values, and used in the curve number infiltration algorithm in the U.S. EPA Storm Water Management Model 5 (USEPA SWMM5) to generate runoff hydrographs. Experimental curve numbers were higher than tabular USDA values, ranging from 91 to 96. Simulations of infiltration and runoff response with experimental curve numbers showed overall good agreement with observed data, although SWMM5 was unable to re-create early term infiltration patterns, and simulated runoff lagged observed, which is attributed to implicit accounting for soil moisture and other assumptions of the SWMM5 curve number application. Our results highlight some prospects for the use of curve numbers in modeling infiltration and runoff.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000301. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Shuster, W. D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environm Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pappas, E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environm Branch, ML498,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shuster.william@epa.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 45 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 6 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000301 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 777PF UT WOS:000291634600001 ER PT J AU Sayre, P Prothero, S Alwood, J AF Sayre, Philip Prothero, Scott Alwood, James TI Nanomaterial Risk Assessment and Management Experiences Related to Worker Health Under the Toxic Substances Control Act SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Surveillance, Exposure Registries, and Epidemiologic Research CY JUL 21-23, 2010 CL Keystone, CO SP Natl Inst Occupation Safety & Hlth (NIOSH) ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; EXPOSURE AB Objectives: This paper examined the data and experiences gathered through the review of over 100 nanomaterial submissions for industrial nanomaterials, and what these data indicate for worker health at industrial facilities where nanomaterials are synthesized, and/or incorporated into final products for the marketplace. Methods: The types of nanomaterials, their uses, potential health effects and worker exposures, methods for examining worker and general population exposures, and risk management actions taken under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) prior to their manufacture are summarized. Results: There is a diversity of nanomaterials are currently entering the marketplace, but there are certain materials reviewed under TSCA such as carbon-based nanomaterials and metal oxides that are more likely to be commercialized than others. There are health and monitoring data that have been received by EPA that are useful in determining potential risks, and risk management approaches such as limiting uses of the nanomaterials and embedding nanomaterials in polymer matrices that reduce concerns for worker exposures. Certain EPA data gathering tools such as those used to collect nanomaterial use and worker exposure information, and screening level approaches for estimating worker exposures are useful and could be enhanced to better estimate worker risks. Conclusions: The data and experiences with nanomaterials under TSCA should prove useful when considering worker exposure registries, medical surveillance and epidemiological research. C1 [Sayre, Philip] US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Prothero, Scott] US EPA, Econ & Exposure Tech Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Alwood, James] US EPA, Chem Control Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sayre, P (reprint author), US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Room 6308CC,EPA East Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 740, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM sayre.phil@epa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP S98 EP S102 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31821b1bdd PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 777LK UT WOS:000291619100022 PM 21654427 ER PT J AU Laughlin, SK Hartmann, KE Baird, DD AF Laughlin, Shannon K. Hartmann, Katherine E. Baird, Donna D. TI Postpartum factors and natural fibroid regression SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; leiomyoma; pregnancy; progesterone; ultrasound ID REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; UTERINE FIBROIDS; PREGNANCY; RISK; LEIOMYOMATA; INVOLUTION; GROWTH AB OBJECTIVE: Many fibroids regress with pregnancy or postpartum involution. We sought to identify factors that might inhibit or enhance this natural regression. STUDY DESIGN: We used a prospective cohort of women with fibroids (n = 494) determined by ultrasound screening during the early first trimester identified from the Right from the Start study. Ultrasounds were repeated 3-6 months postpartum (n = 279). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with fibroid regression (>50% reduction in volume). RESULTS: Postpartum progestin users had significantly less fibroid regression (P = .01), whereas there was no association for combined estrogen-progestin use. Cesarean delivery and fever (hypothesized to inhibit regression) and breast feeding (hypothesized to enhance regression) were not associated with fibroid regression. CONCLUSION: Progestin use in the postpartum period may limit regression of fibroids, consistent with prior literature on progesterone's role in fibroid development. Research into progestin-only treatments in critical reproductive periods is needed. C1 [Laughlin, Shannon K.] Mayo Clin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Laughlin, Shannon K.; Baird, Donna D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Laughlin, SK (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU Pfizer; NICHD [RO1 HD043883, R01 HD049675]; NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES10126] FX The work was conducted as part of the Right from the Start study. The parent study received support from the Pfizer Scholars Grants for Faculty Development in Clinical Epidemiology (Dr Hartmann) and NICHD RO1 HD043883 and R01 HD049675. Dr Laughlin was supported by the NIH Women's Health Fellowships in Intramural Women's Health Research. The postpartum data collection research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES10126). NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 204 IS 6 AR 496.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.018 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 775QL UT WOS:000291477300022 PM 21492823 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, B Snyder, RD Waters, MD Benz, RD Kemper, RA Tice, RR Richard, AM AF Mahadevan, Brinda Snyder, Ronald D. Waters, Michael D. Benz, R. Daniel Kemper, Raymond A. Tice, Raymond R. Richard, Ann M. TI Genetic Toxicology in the 21st Century: Reflections and Future Directions SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE genotoxicity; mutagenicity; toxicogenomics; high throughput screening ID DISCRIMINATE RODENT CARCINOGENS; VITRO GENOTOXICITY TESTS; SALMONELLA-MICROSOME TEST; DNA INTERCALATING AGENTS; E-STATE INDEXES; MDL-QSAR; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RELATIVE PREDICTIVITY AB A symposium at the 40th anniversary of the Environmental Mutagen Society, held from October 24-28, 2009 in St. Louis, MO, surveyed the current status and future directions of genetic toxicology. This article summarizes the presentations and provides a perspective on the future. An abbreviated history is presented, highlighting the current standard battery of genotoxicity assays and persistent challenges. Application of computational toxicology to safety testing within a regulatory setting is discussed as a means for reducing the need for animal testing and human clinical trials, and current approaches and applications of in silico genotoxicity screening approaches across the pharmaceutical industry were surveyed and are reported here. The expanded use of toxicogenomics to illuminate mechanisms and bridge genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, and new public efforts to use high-throughput screening technologies to address lack of toxicity evaluation for the backlog of thousands of industrial chemicals in the environment are detailed. The Tox21 project involves coordinated efforts of four U. S. Government regulatory/research entities to use new and innovative assays to characterize key steps in toxicity pathways, including genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms for carcinogenesis. Progress to date, highlighting preliminary test results from the National Toxicology Program is summarized. Finally, an overview is presented of ToxCast (TM), a related research program of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, using a broad array of high throughput and high content technologies for toxicity profiling of environmental chemicals, and computational toxicology modeling. Progress and challenges, including the pressing need to incorporate metabolic activation capability, are summarized. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52: 339-354, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Mahadevan, Brinda; Snyder, Ronald D.] Merck Res Labs, Genet Toxicol, Mech & Predict Toxicol, Summit, NJ USA. [Waters, Michael D.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Benz, R. Daniel] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Testing & Res, Div Appl Pharmacol Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kemper, Raymond A.] Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Ridgefield, CT USA. [Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mahadevan, B (reprint author), Abbott Labs Inc, Global Occupat Toxicol, Abbott Qual & Regulatory Dept, 03QW Bldg,AP6B-2,100 Abbott Pk Rd, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. EM brinda.mahadevan@abbott.com FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 81 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 5 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1002/em.20653 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 776SR UT WOS:000291558700001 PM 21538556 ER PT J AU Schneider, A Alexis, NE Diaz-Sanchez, D Neas, LM Harder, S Herbst, MC Cascio, WE Buse, JB Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, Alexandra Alexis, Neil E. Diaz-Sanchez, David Neas, Lucas M. Harder, Shirley Herbst, Margaret C. Cascio, Wayne E. Buse, John B. Peters, Annette Devlin, Robert B. TI Ambient PM2.5 Exposure Up-regulates the Expression of Costimulatory Receptors on Circulating Monocytes in Diabetic Individuals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; costimulatory receptors; diabetes; inflammation; flow cytometry; particulate matter ID PARTICULATE MATTER; ALLERGIC RESPONSES; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; ASSOCIATION; NEUTROPHIL; PARTICLES; INFLAMMATION; INHALATION; MELLITUS; IMMUNITY AB BACKGROUND: Exposure of humans to air pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter (PM) may result in airway and systemic inflammation and altered immune function. One putative mechanism may be through modification of cell-surface costimulatory molecules. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether changes in expression of costimulatory molecules on circulating cells are associated with ambient levels of fine PM [aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5)] in a susceptible population of diabetic individuals. METHODS: Twenty subjects were studied for 4 consecutive days. Daily measurements of PM2.5 and meteorologic data were acquired on the rooftop of the exam site. Circulating cell-surface markers that mediate innate immune and inflammatory responses were assessed by flow cytometry on each day. Sensitivity analysis was conducted on glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotype, body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels to determine their role as effect modifiers. Data were analyzed using random effects models adjusting for season, weekday, and meteorology. RESULTS: We found significantly increased monocyte expression (mean fluorescent intensity) of CD80, CD40, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD23 per 10-mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 at 2- to 4-day lag times after exposure. These findings were significantly higher in obese individuals, in individuals with HbA1c > 7%, and in participants who were GSTM1 null. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PM2.5 can enhance antigen-presenting cell phenotypes on circulating cells, which may have consequences in the development of allergic or autoimmune diseases. These effects are amplified in diabetic individuals with characteristics that are associated with insulin resistance or with oxidative stress. C1 [Alexis, Neil E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Schneider, Alexandra; Peters, Annette] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [Diaz-Sanchez, David; Neas, Lucas M.; Harder, Shirley; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Cascio, Wayne E.] E Carolina Univ, E Carolina Heart Inst, Greenville, NC USA. [Peters, Annette] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Focus Network Nanoparticles & Hlth NanoHlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Alexis, NE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Neil_Alexis@med.unc.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; OI Buse, John/0000-0002-9723-3876 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CR83346301, RD832415]; Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health; Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [RR00046]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research FX Funding for this study came from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cooperative agreement CR83346301, the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health, U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant RD832415 to the University of Rochester, and grant RR00046 from the General Clinical Research Centers program of the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. This study was supported in part by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to the German Center for Diabetes Research. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 6 BP 778 EP 783 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002543 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 771JC UT WOS:000291152000020 PM 21169129 ER PT J AU Li, JJ Kanju, P Patterson, M Chew, WL Cho, SH Gilmour, I Oliver, T Yasuda, R Ghio, A Simon, SA Liedtke, W AF Li, Jinju Kanju, Patrick Patterson, Michael Chew, Wei-Leong Cho, Seung-Hyun Gilmour, Ian Oliver, Tim Yasuda, Ryohei Ghio, Andrew Simon, Sidney A. Liedtke, Wolfgang TI TRPV4-Mediated Calcium Influx into Human Bronchial Epithelia upon Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; COPD; DEP; human bronchial epithelia; MMP-1; PAR-2; PI3-kinase; PLC beta 3; TRPV4; TRPV4(P19S) ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PROTEASE-ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-2 SENSITIZES; MATRIX METALLOPROTEASE-1; AIRWAY EPITHELIA; SENSORY NEURONS; ION-CHANNEL; TRPV4 GENE; CELLS; RECEPTOR AB BACKGROUND: Human respiratory epithelia function in airway mucociliary clearance and barrier function and have recently been implicated in sensory functions. OBJECTIVE: We investigated a link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying Ca2+ influx into human airway epithelia elicited by diesel exhaust particles (DEP). METHODS AND RESULTS: Using primary cultures of human respiratory epithelial (HRE) cells, we determined that these cells possess proteolytic signaling machinery, whereby proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activates Ca2+-permeable TRPV4, which leads to activation of human respiratory disease-enhancing matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a signaling cascade initiated by diesel exhaust particles (DEP), a globally relevant air pollutant. Moreover, we observed ciliary expression of PAR-2, TRPV4, and phospholipase-C 3 in human airway epithelia and their DEP-enhanced protein-protein complex formation. We also found that the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-predisposing TRPV4(P19S) variant enhances Ca2+ influx and MMP 1 activation, providing mechanistic linkage between man-made air pollution and human airway disease. CONCLUSION: DEP evoked protracted Ca2+ influx via TRPV4, enhanced by the COPD-predisposing human genetic polymorphism TRPV4P19S. This mechanism reprograms maladaptive inflammatory and extra cellular-matrix-remodeling responses in human airways. The novel concept of air pollution-responsive ciliary signal transduction from PAR-2 to TRPV4 in human respiratory epithelia will accelerate rationally targeted therapies, possibly via the inhalatory route. C1 [Liedtke, Wolfgang] Duke Univ, Ctr Translat Neurosci, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Kanju, Patrick; Patterson, Michael; Chew, Wei-Leong; Yasuda, Ryohei; Simon, Sidney A.; Liedtke, Wolfgang] Duke Univ, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun; Gilmour, Ian] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oliver, Tim] Duke Univ, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Yasuda, Ryohei] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Ghio, Andrew] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Liedtke, W (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Translat Neurosci, Dept Med, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM wolfgang@neuro.duke.edu RI Liedtke, Wolfgang/G-4633-2011; Yasuda, Ryohei/E-7726-2011 FU Duke University; R.J. Reynolds, Inc.; Philip Morris USA Inc.; Philip Morris International; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Philip Morris USA; R. J. Reynolds FX This research was supported by startup funds from Duke University and financial support from R.J. Reynolds, Inc., to W. L.; by a grant from Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International to S. A. S.; and by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) internal funds to A. G. Fellowship support for J.L. (Duke University Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Leon-Goldberg Fellowship) and S. H. C. (Research Participation Program in U. S. EPA administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education) is acknowledged.; S. A. S. and W. L. received funding from Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International, and W. L. received funding from R. J. Reynolds. The other authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 6 BP 784 EP 793 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002807 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 771JC UT WOS:000291152000021 PM 21245013 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Thomas, R Woodward, A Campbell-Lendrum, D Pruss-Ustun, A Hales, S Portier, CJ AF Gohlke, Julia M. Thomas, Reuben Woodward, Alistair Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid Pruess-Uestuen, Annette Hales, Simon Portier, Christopher J. TI Estimating the Global Public Health Implications of Electricity and Coal Consumption SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; climate change; coal; electricity; energy policy; global health; health impact modeling; infant mortality; life expectancy; time series ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-POLLUTION; ENERGY; MORTALITY; BENEFITS AB BACKGROUND: The growing health risks associated with greenhouse gas emissions highlight the need for new energy policies that emphasize efficiency and low-carbon energy intensity. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the relationships among electricity use, coal consumption, and health outcomes. METHODS: Using time-series data sets from 41 countries with varying development trajectories between 1965 and 2005, we developed an autoregressive model of life expectancy (LE) and infant mortality (IM) based on electricity consumption, coal consumption, and previous year's LE or IM. Prediction of health impacts from the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) integrated air pollution emissions health impact model for coal-fired power plants was compared with the time-series model results. RESULTS: The time-series model predicted that increased electricity consumption was associated with reduced IM for countries that started with relatively high IM (> 100/1,000 live births) and low LE (< 57 years) in 1965, whereas LE was not significantly associated with electricity consumption regardless of IM and LE in 1965. Increasing coal consumption was associated with increased IM and reduced LE after accounting for electricity consumption. These results are consistent with results based on the GAINS model and previously published estimates of disease burdens attributable to energy-related environmental factors, including indoor and outdoor air pollution and water and sanitation. CONCLUSIONS: Increased electricity consumption in countries with IM < 100/1,000 live births does not lead to greater health benefits, whereas coal consumption has significant detrimental health impacts. C1 [Gohlke, Julia M.; Thomas, Reuben; Portier, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Woodward, Alistair] Univ Auckland, Sch Populat Hlth, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid; Pruess-Uestuen, Annette; Hales, Simon] World Hlth Org, Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Gohlke, JM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, RPHB 530,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM jgohlke@uab.edu RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Woodward, Alistair/0000-0001-5425-6018; Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 6 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002241 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 771JC UT WOS:000291152000026 PM 21339091 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Seals, R Klein, M Jinot, J Kahn, HD AF Steenland, Kyle Seals, Ryan Klein, Mitch Jinot, Jennifer Kahn, Henry D. TI Risk Estimation with Epidemiologic Data When Response Attenuates at High-Exposure Levels SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ethylene oxide; risk assessment; statistical models ID OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE; CANCER; MODELS; REGRESSION; SURVIVAL; WORKERS; DISEASE; BOMB AB BACKGROUND: In occupational studies, which are commonly used for risk assessment for environmental settings, estimated exposure-response relationships often attenuate at high exposures. Relative risk (RR) models with transformed (e. g., log- or square root-transformed) exposures can provide a good fit to such data, but resulting exposure-response curves that are supralinear in the low-dose region may overestimate low-dose risks. Conversely, a model of untransformed (linear) exposure may underestimate risks attributable to exposures in the low-dose region. METHODS: We examined several models, seeking simple parametric models that fit attenuating exposure-response data well. We have illustrated the use of both log-linear and linear RR models using cohort study data on breast cancer and exposure to ethylene oxide. RESULTS: Linear RR models fit the data better than do corresponding log-linear models. Among linear RR models, linear (untransformed), log-transformed, square root-transformed, linear-exponential, and two-piece linear exposure models all fit the data reasonably well. However, the slopes of the predicted exposure-response relations were very different in the low-exposure range, which resulted in different estimates of the exposure concentration associated with a 1% lifetime excess risk (0.0400, 0.00005, 0.0016, 0.0113, and 0.0100 ppm, respectively). The linear (in exposure) model underestimated the categorical exposure-response in the low-dose region, whereas log-transformed and square root-transformed exposure models overestimated it. CONCLUSION: Although a number of models may fit attenuating data well, models that assume linear or nearly linear exposure-response relations in the low-dose region of interest may be preferred by risk assessors, because they do not depend on the choice of a point of departure for linear low-dose extrapolation and are relatively easy to interpret. C1 [Steenland, Kyle; Seals, Ryan; Klein, Mitch] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jinot, Jennifer; Kahn, Henry D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM nsteenl@sph.emory.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This study was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 6 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002521 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 771JC UT WOS:000291152000028 PM 21220221 ER PT J AU Tanner, CM Kamel, F Ross, GW Hoppin, JA Goldman, SM Korell, M Marras, C Bhudhikanok, GS Kasten, M Chade, AR Comyns, K Richards, MB Meng, C Priestley, B Fernandez, HH Cambi, F Umbach, DM Blair, A Sandler, DP Langston, JW AF Tanner, Caroline M. Kamel, Freya Ross, G. Webster Hoppin, Jane A. Goldman, Samuel M. Korell, Monica Marras, Connie Bhudhikanok, Grace S. Kasten, Meike Chade, Anabel R. Comyns, Kathleen Richards, Marie Barber Meng, Cheryl Priestley, Benjamin Fernandez, Hubert H. Cambi, Franca Umbach, David M. Blair, Aaron Sandler, Dale P. Langston, J. William TI Rotenone, Paraquat, and Parkinson's Disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aging; agricultural epidemiology; environmental epidemiology; epidemiology; fungicides; herbicides; insecticides; persistent organic pollutants; pesticides ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-FACTORS; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; ESSENTIAL TREMOR; COMPLEX I; INHIBITORS; PATHOLOGY; ACCURACY AB BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are pathophysiologic mechanisms implicated in experimental models and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Certain pesticides may affect these mechanisms, but no pesticide has been definitively associated with PD in humans. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to determine whether pesticides that cause mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress are associated with PD or clinical features of parkinsonism in humans. METHODS: We assessed lifetime use of pesticides selected by mechanism in a case-control study nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). PD was diagnosed by movement disorders specialists. Controls were a stratified random sample of all AHS participants frequency-matched to cases by age, sex, and state at approximately three controls: one case. RESULTS: In 110 PD cases and 358 controls, PD was associated with use of a group of pesticides that inhibit mitochondrial complex I [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.8] including rotenone (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.7) and with use of a group of pesticides that cause oxidative stress (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.6), including paraquat (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.7). CONCLUSIONS: PD was positively associated with two groups of pesticides defined by mechanisms implicated experimentally-those that impair mitochondrial function and those that increase oxidative stress-supporting a role for these mechanisms in PD pathophysiology. C1 [Tanner, Caroline M.; Goldman, Samuel M.; Korell, Monica; Bhudhikanok, Grace S.; Comyns, Kathleen; Meng, Cheryl; Priestley, Benjamin; Langston, J. William] Parkinsons Inst, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Kamel, Freya; Hoppin, Jane A.; Richards, Marie Barber; Sandler, Dale P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ross, G. Webster] Vet Affairs Pacific Isl Hlth Care Syst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Marras, Connie] Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Kasten, Meike] Univ Lubeck, Dept Neurol, Lubeck, Germany. [Kasten, Meike] Univ Lubeck, Dept Clin & Mol Neurogenet, Lubeck, Germany. [Chade, Anabel R.] Favaloro Univ, Inst Neurosci, Inst Cognit Neurol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Richards, Marie Barber] Westat Corp, Durham, NC USA. [Fernandez, Hubert H.] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Neurol Restorat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Cambi, Franca] Univ Kentucky, Dept Neurol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Umbach, David M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Blair, Aaron] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tanner, CM (reprint author), Parkinsons Inst, 675 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. EM ctannermd@aol.com RI Goldman, Samuel/A-2225-2014; OI Goldman, Samuel/0000-0002-3039-9927; Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU National Institutes of Health [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)] [Z01-ES044007, Z01-ES049030]; National Institutes of Health [National Cancer Institute] [Z01-CP010119]; NIEHS [R01-ES10803] FX This study was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants Z01-ES044007 and Z01-ES049030, National Cancer Institute grant Z01-CP010119], NIEHS grant R01-ES10803, and James and Sharron Clark. NR 60 TC 314 Z9 318 U1 16 U2 94 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 6 BP 866 EP 872 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002839 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 771JC UT WOS:000291152000033 PM 21269927 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Lee, KP Yang, DK Shin, DM Abramowitz, J Kiyonaka, S Birnbaumer, L Mori, Y Muallem, S AF Kim, Min Seuk Lee, Kyu Pil Yang, Dongki Shin, Dong Min Abramowitz, Joel Kiyonaka, Shigeki Birnbaumer, Lutz Mori, Yasuo Muallem, Shmuel TI Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Ca2+ Influx Channel TRPC3 Protects Secretory Epithelia From Ca2+-Dependent Toxicity SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ca2+ Influx; Inflammation; Cell Death; Therapeutics ID PANCREATIC ACINAR-CELLS; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; CALCIUM; ACTIVATION; MICRODOMAINS; TRYPSINOGEN; CROSSTALK; AUTOPHAGY; ALCOHOL; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND & AIMS: Excessive Ca2+ influx mediates many cytotoxic processes, including those associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as acute pancreatitis and Sjogren syndrome. Transient receptor potential (canonical) channel (TRPC) 3 is a major Ca2+ influx channel in pancreatic and salivary gland cells. We investigated whether genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of TRPC3 protects pancreas and salivary glands from Ca2+-dependent damage. METHODS: We developed a Ca2+-dependent model of cell damage for salivary gland acini. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of cerulein into wild-type and Trpc3(-/-) mice. Mice were also given the Trpc3-selective inhibitor pyrazole 3 (Pyr3). RESULTS: Salivary glands and pancreas of Trpc3(-/-) mice were protected from Ca2+-mediated cell toxicity. Analysis of Ca2+ signaling in wild-type and Trpc3(-/-) acini showed that Pyr3 is a highly specific inhibitor of Tprc3; it protected salivary glands and pancreas cells from Ca2+-mediated toxicity by inhibiting the Trpc3-mediated component of Ca2+ influx. CONCLUSIONS: TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx mediates damage to pancreas and salivary glands. Pharmacologic inhibition of TRPC3 with the highly selective TRPC3 inhibitor Pyr3 might be developed for treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis and Sjogren syndrome. C1 [Kim, Min Seuk; Lee, Kyu Pil; Yang, Dongki; Muallem, Shmuel] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Epithelial Signaling & Transport Sect, Mol Physiol & Therapeut Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Yonsei Univ, Coll Dent, Brain Korea Project 21, Dept Oral Biol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kiyonaka, Shigeki; Mori, Yasuo] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Synthet Chem & Biol Chem, Kyoto, Japan. RP Muallem, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Epithelial Signaling & Transport Sect, Mol Physiol & Therapeut Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 1N-113, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM shmuel.muallem@nih.gov RI Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015; rchnds, rchnds/D-7595-2016 FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/Division of Intramural Research [Z01-ES-101684]; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0001167, 2010-0000315] FX Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/Division of Intramural Research (S. M.), grant Z01-ES-101684 (to L. B.), the Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea, and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology grants 2011-0001167 and 2010-0000315 (to D.M.S.). NR 44 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 7 BP 2107 EP U346 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.052 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 774LR UT WOS:000291388200044 PM 21354153 ER PT J AU Kraus, U Breitner, S Schnelle-Kreis, J Cyrys, J Lanki, T Ruckerl, R Schneider, A Bruske, I Gu, JW Devlin, R Wichmann, HE Zimmermann, R Peters, A AF Kraus, Ute Breitner, Susanne Schnelle-Kreis, Juergen Cyrys, Josef Lanki, Timo Rueckerl, Regina Schneider, Alexandra Brueske, Irene Gu, Jianwei Devlin, Robert Wichmann, H. -Erich Zimmermann, Ralf Peters, Annette TI Particle-associated organic compounds and symptoms in myocardial infarction survivors SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; hopanes; PAH; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; symptoms ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DAILY MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Objective: This study evaluated the role of PM and POC with regard to daily symptoms. Methods: One hundred and fifty-three myocardial infarction survivors from Augsburg, Germany, recorded daily occurrence of different symptoms in winter 2003/2004. Ambient concentrations of PM with a diameter < 2.5 mu mu m (PM(2.5)), particle number concentration (PNC), PM(2.5)-bound hopanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were quantified. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations adjusting for meteorological and other time-variant confounders. Results: The odds for avoidance of physically demanding activities due to heart problems increased immediately associated with most POC measures (e.g. 5% per 1.08 ng/m(3) increase in benzo[a]pyrene, 95%-confidence interval (CI):1-9%) and tended to a delayed decrease. After a 2-day delayed decrease associated with hopanes, the odds for shortness of breath increased consistently after 3 days with almost all POC measures (e.g. 4% per 0.21 ng/m(3) increase in 17 alpha alpha(H), 21 beta beta(H)-hopane, CI: 1-8%). The odds for heart palpitations marginally increased immediately in association with PNC (8% per 8146 cm(3) increase in PNC, CI: 0-16%). Conclusions: The study showed an association between PM, particle-bound POC, and daily symptoms. The organic compounds may be causally related with cardiovascular health or act rather as indicators for traffic- and combustion-related particles. C1 [Kraus, Ute; Breitner, Susanne; Cyrys, Josef; Rueckerl, Regina; Schneider, Alexandra; Brueske, Irene; Gu, Jianwei; Peters, Annette] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Kraus, Ute; Wichmann, H. -Erich] Univ Munich, Inst Med Data Management Biometr & Epidemiol IBE, Munich, Germany. [Schnelle-Kreis, Juergen; Zimmermann, Ralf] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Ecol Chem, Cooperat Grp Anal Complex Mol Syst, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Schnelle-Kreis, Juergen; Zimmermann, Ralf; Peters, Annette] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Focus Network Nanoparticles & Hlth NanoHlth, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Cyrys, Josef; Gu, Jianwei] Univ Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. [Lanki, Timo] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL, Environm Epidemiol Unit, Kuopio, Finland. [Devlin, Robert] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Human Studies Div, Res Lab, Environm Protect Agcy,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wichmann, H. -Erich] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Zimmermann, Ralf] Univ Rostock, Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Rostock, Germany. RP Kraus, U (reprint author), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM ute.kraus@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Bruske, Irene/N-3125-2013; Cyrys, Josef/B-5359-2014; Breitner, Susanne/B-5348-2014; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen/M-9845-2014; OI Breitner, Susanne/0000-0002-0956-6911; Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen/0000-0003-4846-2303; Cyrys, Josef/0000-0002-2105-8696 FU European Union [QLRT-2002-02236]; United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD832415] FX The AIRGENE study was funded as part of the European Union's 5th framework "Environmental and Health" contract QLRT-2002-02236. This research has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through STAR grant RD832415 to the University of Rochester. It has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. The Focus Network Nanoparticles and Health (NanoHealth) coordinates and focuses all Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen research on health effects and the characterization of aerosols. It comprises research projects of the Institutes of Ecological Chemistry, Epidemiology, and Radiation Protection at Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 23 IS 7 BP 431 EP 447 DI 10.3109/08958378.2011.580471 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 772ZG UT WOS:000291276200006 PM 21639711 ER PT J AU Liu, R Gao, X Lu, Y Chen, HL AF Liu, Rui Gao, Xiang Lu, Yi Chen, Honglei TI Meta-analysis of the relationship between Parkinson disease and melanoma SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; CANCER INCIDENCE; SKIN-CANCER; RISK; DIAGNOSIS; SMOKING; TRIAL; LEVODOPA; GENDER AB Objective: To assess the epidemiologic evidence on melanoma in relation to Parkinson disease (PD) via systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Epidemiologic studies on melanoma and PD were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Scoups, and Embase (1965 through June 2010). Eligible studies were those that reported risk estimates of melanoma among patients with PD or vice versa. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: We identified 12 eligible publications on melanoma and PD: 8 had fewer than 10 cases with both PD and melanoma, and 7 provided gender-specific results. The pooled OR was 2.11 (95% CI 1.26-3.54) overall, 2.04 (1.55-2.69) for men, and 1.52 (0.85-2.75) for women. Analyses by temporal relationship found that melanoma occurrence was significantly higher after the diagnosis of PD (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.49-8.77), but not before PD diagnosis (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.62-1.84). Further analyses revealed that the lack of significance in the latter analysis was due to one study, which when excluded resulted in a significant association (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.96). We also analyzed nonmelanoma skin cancers in relation to PD and found no significant relationship (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94-1.30). Conclusions: Collective epidemiologic evidence supports an association of PD with melanoma. Further research is needed to examine the nature and mechanisms of this relationship. Neurology (R) 2011;76:2002-2009 C1 [Liu, Rui; Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gao, Xiang] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lu, Yi] Social & Sci Syst, Durham, NC USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chenh2@niehs.nih.gov OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-101986] FX Supported by the intramural research program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-101986). NR 40 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUN PY 2011 VL 76 IS 23 BP 2002 EP 2009 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821e554e PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 773WZ UT WOS:000291343500013 PM 21646627 ER PT J AU Kopittke, PM Menzies, NW de Jonge, MD McKenna, BA Donner, E Webb, RI Paterson, DJ Howard, DL Ryan, CG Glover, CJ Scheckel, KG Lombi, E AF Kopittke, Peter M. Menzies, Neal W. de Jonge, Martin D. McKenna, Brigid A. Donner, Erica Webb, Richard I. Paterson, David J. Howard, Daryl L. Ryan, Chris G. Glover, Chris J. Scheckel, Kirk G. Lombi, Enzo TI In Situ Distribution and Speciation of Toxic Copper, Nickel, and Zinc in Hydrated Roots of Cowpea SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; CELL-WALL; PLANTS; CADMIUM; ION; BINDING; COMPLEXATION; ACCUMULATION; GENOTYPES AB The phytotoxicity of trace metals is of global concern due to contamination of the landscape by human activities. Using synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, the distribution and speciation of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) was examined in situ using hydrated roots of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) exposed to 1.5 mu M Cu, 5 mu M Ni, or 40 mu M Zn for 1 to 24 h. After 24 h of exposure, most Cu was bound to polygalacturonic acid of the rhizodermis and outer cortex, suggesting that binding of Cu to walls of cells in the rhizodermis possibly contributes to the toxic effects of Cu. When exposed to Zn, cortical concentrations remained comparatively low with much of the Zn accumulating in the meristematic region and moving into the stele; approximately 60% to 85% of the total Zn stored as Zn phytate within 3 h of exposure. While Ni concentrations were high in both the cortex and meristem, concentrations in the stele were comparatively low. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the in situ distribution and speciation of Cu, Ni, and Zn in hydrated (and fresh) plant tissues, providing valuable information on the potential mechanisms by which they are toxic. C1 [Kopittke, Peter M.; Menzies, Neal W.; McKenna, Brigid A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Webb, Richard I.] Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kopittke, Peter M.; Menzies, Neal W.; Donner, Erica; Lombi, Enzo] Cooperat Res Ctr Contaminat Assessment & Remediat, Salisbury S, SA 5106, Australia. [de Jonge, Martin D.; Paterson, David J.; Howard, Daryl L.; Glover, Chris J.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Donner, Erica; Lombi, Enzo] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Ryan, Chris G.] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kopittke, PM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM p.kopittke@uq.edu.au RI Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; Donner, Erica/A-4809-2012; de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Kopittke, Peter/A-6026-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Menzies, Neal/L-1338-2013 OI Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Donner, Erica/0000-0001-6465-2233; Kopittke, Peter/0000-0003-4948-1880; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Menzies, Neal/0000-0003-0207-070X FU Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment [3-03-05-09/10] FX This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (project 3-03-05-09/10). NR 43 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 68 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 156 IS 2 BP 663 EP 673 DI 10.1104/pp.111.173716 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 771HC UT WOS:000291146800019 PM 21525332 ER PT J AU Ma, H Kabengi, NJ Bertsch, PM Unrine, JM Glenn, TC Williams, PL AF Ma, H. Kabengi, N. J. Bertsch, P. M. Unrine, J. M. Glenn, T. C. Williams, P. L. TI Comparative phototoxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO to a free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: The importance of illumination mode and primary particle size SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticulate ZnO; Bulk ZnO; Phototoxicity; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Caenorhabditis elegans ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ZINC-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; METHYLENE-BLUE; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB The present study evaluated phototoxicity of nanoparticulate ZnO and bulk-ZnO under natural sunlight (NSL) versus ambient artificial laboratory light (AALL) illumination to a free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Phototoxicity of nano-ZnO and bulk-ZnO was largely dependent on illumination method as 2-h exposure under NSL caused significantly greater mortality in C elegans than under AALL. This phototoxicity was closely related to photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the ZnO particles as indicated by concomitant methylene blue photodegradation. Both materials caused mortality in C. elegans under AALL during 24-h exposure although neither degraded methylene blue, suggesting mechanisms of toxicity other than photocatalytic ROS generation were involved. Particle dissolution of ZnO did not appear to play an important role in the toxicity observed in this study. Nano-ZnO showed greater phototoxicity than bulk-ZnO despite their similar size of aggregates, suggesting primary particle size is more important than aggregate size in determining phototoxicity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, H.; Glenn, T. C.; Williams, P. L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kabengi, N. J.; Bertsch, P. M.; Unrine, J. M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Ma, H (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mah77@uga.edu OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [832530] FX This work was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Science to Achieve Results Grant number 832530. The authors acknowledge Dr. Stephen Diamond for his constructive suggestions for improving the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at The University of Georgia for use of the Bio-Tek Synergy 4 microplate reader. NR 54 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 159 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1480 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.013 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 767FE UT WOS:000290839900003 PM 21470728 ER PT J AU Patrone, D Resnik, D AF Patrone, Daniel Resnik, David TI Pandemic Ventilator Rationing and Appeals Processes SO HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Appeals processes; Ethics; Justice; Pandemic influenza; Ventilator rationing ID CRITICALLY-ILL; PUBLIC-HEALTH; ALLOCATION; PRINCIPLES; TRIAGE; CARE AB In a severe influenza pandemic, hospitals will likely experience serious and widespread shortages of patient pulmonary ventilators and of staff qualified to operate them. Deciding who will receive access to mechanical ventilation will often determine who lives and who dies. This prospect raises an important question whether pandemic preparedness plans should include some process by which individuals affected by ventilator rationing would have the opportunity to appeal adverse decisions. However, the issue of appeals processes to ventilator rationing decisions has been largely neglected in state pandemic planning efforts. If we are to devise just and effective plans for coping with a severe influenza pandemic, more attention to the issue of appeals processes for pandemic ventilator rationing decisions is needed. Arguments for and against appeals processes are considered, and some suggestions are offered to help efforts at devising more rational pandemic preparedness plans. C1 [Patrone, Daniel] Union Grad Coll, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Schenectady, NY 12038 USA. [Resnik, David] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Patrone, D (reprint author), Union Grad Coll, Mt Sinai Sch Med, 807 Union St,Humanities Bldg 020, Schenectady, NY 12038 USA. EM dpatrone@gmail.com FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102646-03, ZIA ES102646-04] NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1065-3058 J9 HEALTH CARE ANAL JI Health Care Anal. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s10728-010-0148-6 PG 15 WC Ethics; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 763QX UT WOS:000290575900006 PM 20354793 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Civco, DL King, RL Bruzzone, L Lyon, JG AF Lunetta, Ross S. Civco, Daniel L. King, Roger L. Bruzzone, Lorenzo Lyon, John G. TI Introduction to the Special Section on the Fifth International Workshop on Multi-temporal Imagery Analysis SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Civco, Daniel L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Engn, Storrs, CT USA. [King, Roger L.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bruzzone, Lorenzo] Univ Trent, Remote Sensing Lab, Trento, Italy. [Lyon, John G.] US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov; daniel.civco@uconn.edu; rking@engr.msstate.edu; lorenzo.bruzzone@ing.unitn.it; lyon.johng@epa.gov RI Bruzzone, Lorenzo/A-2076-2012 OI Bruzzone, Lorenzo/0000-0002-6036-459X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 251 EP 251 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2011.2150770 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769EO UT WOS:000290992900001 ER PT J AU Shao, Y Lunetta, RS AF Shao, Yang Lunetta, Ross S. TI Sub-Pixel Mapping of Tree Canopy, Impervious Surfaces, and Cropland in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin Using MODIS Time-Series Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagery Analysis CY JUL 28-30, 2009 CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT HO Univ Connecticut DE Land-cover mapping; sub-pixel unmixing; accuracy assessment ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; CONTINUOUS FIELD; RESOLUTION DATA; IMAGERY; VEGETATION; ACCURACY; AVHRR; CLASSIFICATION AB This research examined sub-pixel land-cover classification performance for tree canopy, impervious surface, and cropland in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB) using both time-series MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and surface reflectance data. Classification training strategies included both an entire-region approach and an ecoregion-stratified approach, using multi-layer perceptron neural network classifiers. Although large variations in classification performances were observed for different ecoregions, the ecoregion-stratified approach did not significantly improve classification accuracies. Sub-pixel classification performances were largely dependent on different types of MODIS input datasets. Overall, the combination of MODIS surface reflectance bands 1-7 generated the best sub-pixel estimations of tree canopy, (R(2) = 0.57) impervious surface (R(2) = 0.63)and cropland (R(2) = 0.30) which are considerable higher than those derived using only MODIS-NDVI data (tree canopy(R(2) = 0.50) impervious surface (R(2) = 0.51) and cropland R(2) = 0.63). Also, sub-pixel classification accuracies were much improved when the results were aggregated from 250 m to 500 m spatial resolution. The use of individual date MODIS images were also examined with the best results being achieved for Julian days 185 (early July), 217 (early August), and 113 (late April) for tree canopy, impervious surface, and cropland, respectively. The results suggested the relative importance of the image data input selection, spatial resolution, and acquisition dates for the sub-pixel mapping of major cover types in the GLB. C1 [Shao, Yang] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shao, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shao.yang@epa.gov; lunetta.ross@epa.gov RI Shao, Yang/C-4760-2012 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 336 EP 347 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2062173 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769EO UT WOS:000290992900011 ER PT J AU Szabo, DT Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H Huwe, JK Birnbaum, LS AF Szabo, David Taylor Diliberto, Janet J. Hakk, Heldur Huwe, Janice K. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Toxicokinetics of the Flame Retardant Hexabromocyclododecane Alpha: Effect of Dose, Timing, Route, Repeated Exposure, and Metabolism SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE toxicokinetics; biotransformation; lipophilic; persistent organic pollutants; endocrine disruptors; risk assessment; brominated flame retardant; hexabromocyclododecane; mixture; metabolism ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CYP1A2-KNOCKOUT; BREAST-MILK; WISTAR RATS; MICE; HBCDS; GAMMA; ACCUMULATION; C57BL/6N; BEHAVIOR AB Alpha-hexabromocyclododecane (alpha-HBCD) is an emerging persistent organic pollutant present in the hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) commercial mixture. HBCD is used as an additive flame retardant in a wide variety of household consumer products. Three main stereoisomers, alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and gamma (gamma), comprise roughly 10, 10, and 80% of the mixture, respectively. Despite its small contribution to HBCD global production and usage, alpha-HBCD is the major stereoisomer found in wildlife and human tissues including breast milk and blood in North America, European Union, and Asia. No mammalian or human data are currently available regarding the toxicokinetics of alpha-HBCD. This study was conducted in an effort to fully characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of alpha-HBCD following a single and repeated exposure with respect to dose, time, and route of administration in female C57BL/6 mice. Results indicate that similar to 90% of the administered dose (3 mg/kg) was absorbed after oral exposure. Disposition was (1) dictated by lipophilicity, as adipose, liver, muscle, and skin were major depots and (2) was dose dependent with nonlinear accumulation at higher doses. Elimination, both whole-body and from individual tissues, was biphasic. alpha-HBCD-derived radioactivity was excreted in the feces as parent and metabolites, whereas urine only contained metabolites. Presence of polar metabolites in the blood and urine were a major factor in determining the rapid initial whole-body half-life after a single oral exposure. Initial half-lives were similar to 1-3 days and much longer terminal half-lives of 17 days were observed, suggesting the potential for alpha-HBCD bioaccumulation. A 10-day repeated study supports alpha-HBCD bioaccumulation potential. Stereoisomerization previously observed after exposure to gamma-HBCD was not seen after exposure of alpha-HBCD. The toxicokinetic behavior reported here has important implications for the extrapolation of toxicological studies of the commercial HBCD mixture to the assessment of risk of alpha-HBCD which is the major stereoisomer found in wildlife and people. C1 [Szabo, David Taylor; Diliberto, Janet J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects & Exposure Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Szabo, David Taylor] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hakk, Heldur; Huwe, Janice K.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Szabo, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects & Exposure Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Mail Drop B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM szabo.david@epa.gov FU University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill; Environmental Protection Agency [CR 833237] FX This work is funded in part by a cooperative agreement between the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and the Environmental Protection Agency (CR 833237) predoctoral training grants. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 121 IS 2 BP 234 EP 244 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr059 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 768JS UT WOS:000290931000002 PM 21441408 ER PT J AU Yokohira, M Arnold, LL Pennington, KL Suzuki, S Kakiuchi-Kiyota, S Herbin-Davis, K Thomas, DJ Cohen, SM AF Yokohira, Masanao Arnold, Lora L. Pennington, Karen L. Suzuki, Shugo Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Satoko Herbin-Davis, Karen Thomas, David J. Cohen, Samuel M. TI Effect of Sodium Arsenite Dose Administered in the Drinking Water on the Urinary Bladder Epithelium of Female Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase Knockout Mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE arsenite; bladder; arsenic methyltransferase; hyperplasia; toxicity; mouse ID METHYLATED METABOLITES; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; CD1 MICE; TOXICITY; RAT; EXPOSURE; CANCER; CELLS; CARCINOGENICITY AB The enzyme arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) catalyzes reactions converting inorganic arsenic to methylated metabolites, some of which are highly cytotoxic. In a previous study, female As3mt knockout (KO) mice treated with diet containing 100 or 150 ppm arsenic as arsenite showed systemic toxicity and significant effects on the urothelium. In the present study, we showed that the cytotoxic and proliferative effects of arsenite administration on the urothelium are dose dependent. Female wild-type C57BL/6 mice and As3mt KO mice were divided into five groups (n = 7) with free access to drinking water containing 0, 1, 10, 25, or 50 ppm arsenic as arsenite for 4 weeks. At sacrifice, urinary bladders of both As3mt KO and wild-type mice showed hyperplasia by light microscopy; however, the hyperplasia was more severe in the As3mt KO mice. Intracytoplasmic granules were detected in the urothelium of As3mt KO and wild-type mice at arsenic doses >= 10 ppm but were more numerous, more extensive, and larger in the KO mice. A no effect level for urothelial effects was identified at 1 ppm arsenic in the wild-type and As3mt KO mice. In As3mt KO mice, livers showed mild acute inflammation and kidneys showed hydronephrosis. The present study shows a dose-response for the effects of orally administered arsenite on the bladder urothelium of wildtype and As3mt KO mice, with greater effects in the KO strain but with a no effect level of 1 ppm for both. C1 [Yokohira, Masanao; Arnold, Lora L.; Pennington, Karen L.; Suzuki, Shugo; Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Satoko; Cohen, Samuel M.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Yokohira, Masanao] Kagawa Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol Host Def, Kagawa 7610793, Japan. [Suzuki, Shugo] Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Expt Pathol & Tumor Biol, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. [Herbin-Davis, Karen; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM scohen@unmc.edu NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 121 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr051 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 768JS UT WOS:000290931000004 PM 21385732 ER PT J AU Paul, JF Munns, WR AF Paul, John F. Munns, Wayne R., Jr. TI PROBABILITY SURVEYS, CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY, AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Probability survey; Monitoring data; Probabilistic ecological risk assessment; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental criteria ID REGIONAL SCALE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HYPOXIA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; INVERTEBRATES; RESOURCES; STREAMS AB We show that probability-based environmental resource monitoring programs, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, and conditional probability analysis can serve as a basis for estimating ecological risk over broad geographic areas. Under certain conditions (including appropriate stratification of the sampled population, sufficient density of samples, and sufficient range of exposure levels paired with concurrent response values), this empirical approach provides estimates of risk using extant field-derived monitoring data. The monitoring data were used to prescribe the exposure field and to model the exposure response relationship. We illustrate this approach by estimating risks to benthic communities from low dissolved oxygen (DO) in freshwater streams of the mid-Atlantic region and in estuaries of the Virginian Biogeographical Province of the United States. In both cases, the estimates of risk are consistent with the U.S. EPA's ambient water quality criteria for DO. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1488-1495. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Paul, John F.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Munns, Wayne R., Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Paul, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM paul.john@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX We thank S. Cormier, J. Frithsen, M. McDonald, G. Suter, G. Thursby, P. Chapman, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that dramatically improved this article and also J. Barton for editorial assistance. Special thanks go to Steve Hedtke for the encouragement to apply the conditional probability analysis approach and to the EMAP-Surface Waters and EMAP-Estuaries teams for generating high-quality data and making these data available to all. The computations were done with Tibco Spotfire S + software. Although the research described in this contribution has been funded by the U.S. EPA, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review; therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is NHEERL contribution number AED-04-121. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1488 EP 1495 DI 10.1002/etc.525 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 766ZN UT WOS:000290825200031 PM 21425319 ER PT J AU Qian, XS Ning, H Zhang, JD Hoft, DF Stumpo, DJ Blackshear, PJ Liu, JG AF Qian, Xuesong Ning, Huan Zhang, Jidong Hoft, Daniel F. Stumpo, Deborah J. Blackshear, Perry J. Liu, Jianguo TI Posttranscriptional Regulation of IL-23 Expression by IFN-gamma through Tristetraprolin SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; T-HELPER-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; DENDRITIC CELLS; KAPPA-B; C-REL; P19 AB IL-23 plays an essential role in maintenance of IL-17-producing Th17 cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Regulation of Th17 cells is tightly controlled by multiple factors such as IL-27 and IFN-gamma. However, the detailed mechanisms responsible for IFN-gamma-mediated Th17 cell inhibition are still largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma differentially regulates IL-12 and IL-23 production in both dendritic cells and macrophages. IFN-gamma suppresses IL-23 expression by selectively targeting p19 mRNA stability through its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). Furthermore, IFN-gamma enhances LPS-induced tristetraprolin (TTP) mRNA expression and protein production. Overexpression of TTP suppresses IL-23 p19 mRNA expression and p19 3'UTR-dependent luciferase activity. Additionally, deletion of TTP completely abolishes IFN-gamma-mediated p19 mRNA degradation. We further demonstrate that IFN-gamma suppresses LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation, and blockade of p38 MAPK signaling pathway with SB203580 inhibits IFN-gamma- and LPS-induced p19 mRNA expression, whereas over-expression of p38 increases p19 mRNA expression via reducing TTP binding to the p19 3'UTR. Finally, inhibition of p38 phosphorylation by IFN-gamma leads to TTP dephosphorylation that could result in stronger binding of the TTP to the adenosine/uridine-rich elements in the p19 3'UTR and p19 mRNA degradation. In summary, our results reveal a direct link among TTP, IFN-gamma, and IL-23, indicating that IFN-gamma-mediated Th17 cell suppression might act through TTP by increasing p19 mRNA degradation and therefore IL-23 inhibition. The Journal of Immunology, 2011, 186: 6454-6464. C1 [Qian, Xuesong; Ning, Huan; Zhang, Jidong; Hoft, Daniel F.; Liu, Jianguo] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis Allergy & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Stumpo, Deborah J.; Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Liu, JG (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis Allergy & Immunol, 1100 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM jliu9@slu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AR055353] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by Grant AR055353 from the National Institutes of Health (to J.L.). NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 186 IS 11 BP 6454 EP 6464 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1002672 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 766BX UT WOS:000290755700045 PM 21515794 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR Shi, M Umbach, DM AF Weinberg, Clarice R. Shi, Min Umbach, David M. TI RE: "GENETIC ASSOCIATION AND GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION: A NEW METHOD FOR OVERCOMING THE LACK OF EXPOSURE INFORMATION IN CONTROLS" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Weinberg, Clarice R.; Shi, Min; Umbach, David M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinber2@niehs.nih.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 173 IS 11 BP 1346 EP U148 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr105 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 770AC UT WOS:000291058400020 PM 21558409 ER PT J AU Porter, KL Olmstead, AW Kumsher, DM Dennis, WE Sprando, RL Holcombe, GW Korte, JJ Lindberg-Livingston, A Degitz, SJ AF Porter, Karen L. Olmstead, Allen W. Kumsher, David M. Dennis, William E. Sprando, Robert L. Holcombe, Gary W. Korte, Joseph J. Lindberg-Livingston, Annelie Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Effects of 4-tert-octylphenol on Xenopus tropicalis in a long term exposure SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xenopus tropicalis; Octylphenol; Estrogenic; Vitellogenin; Oviducts ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; BISPHENOL-A; IN-VITRO; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB Endocrine disrupting chemicals that activate the estrogen receptor are routinely detected in the environment and are a concern for the health of both exposed humans and indigenous wildlife. We exposed the western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) to the weak estrogen octylphenol from Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) stage 46 tadpoles through adulthood in order to document the effects of a weak estrogen on the life history of an amphibian species. Frogs were exposed to 1, 3.3, 11 and 36 mu g/L octylphenol in a continuous flow-through water system. Just prior to completion of metamorphosis (NF 65), a random subsample of froglets was collected and assessed, while the remaining frogs received continued exposure through 31 weeks of exposure when the remaining animals were sampled. Significant induction of the female egg yolk protein precursor vitellogenin was observed in the high treatment at the larval subsampling for both males and females, but not at the final sampling for either sex. No significant deviation from the control sex ratio was observed for either sampling period, suggesting minimal to no effect of octylphenol exposure on gonad differentiation. No effects in the adult frogs were observed for mortality, body mass and size, liver somatic index, estradiol and testosterone serum levels, sperm counts, or oocyte counts. The development and growth of oviducts, a female-specific secondary sex characteristic, was observed in males exposed to octyl phenol. These results indicate that octylphenol exposure can induce vitellogenin in immature froglets and the development of oviducts in male adult frogs. The lack of effect observed on the developing gonads suggests that in amphibians, secondary sex characteristics are more susceptible to impact from estrogenic compounds than the developing gonads. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Porter, Karen L.; Kumsher, David M.; Dennis, William E.] USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Olmstead, Allen W.; Holcombe, Gary W.; Korte, Joseph J.; Lindberg-Livingston, Annelie; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Sprando, Robert L.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Div Toxicol, Laurel, MD USA. RP Porter, KL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM karen.porter@amedd.army.mil NR 70 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.019 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 781CL UT WOS:000291908100004 PM 21470552 ER PT J AU Skolness, SY Durhan, EJ Garcia-Reyero, N Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Martinovic-Weigelt, D Perkins, E Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Skolness, Sarah Y. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma Perkins, Edward Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Effects of a short-term exposure to the fungicide prochloraz on endocrine function and gene expression in female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrogen; Fish; Microarray; Vitellogenin; Endocrine disruption; Aromatase ID ACTIVITY IN-VITRO; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; BINDING-PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; TRIAZOLE ANTIFUNGALS; STEROIDOGENESIS; INHIBITION; KETOCONAZOLE; REPRODUCTION; PESTICIDES AB Prochloraz is a fungicide known to cause endocrine disruption through effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. To determine the short-term impacts of prochloraz on gene expression and steroid production, adult female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to the chemical (0 or 300 mu g/L) for a time-course of 6, 12 and 24 h. Consistent with inhibition of cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) and aromatase (CYP19), known molecular targets of prochloraz, plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2) was reduced within 6h. Ex vivo E2 production was significantly reduced at all time-points, while ex vivo testosterone (T) production remained unchanged. Consistent with the decrease in E2 levels, plasma concentrations of the estrogen-responsive protein vitellogenin were significantly reduced at 24h. Genes coding for CYP19. CYP17, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein were up-regulated in a compensatory manner in ovaries of the prochloraz-treated fish. In addition to targeted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses, a 15k feature fathead minnow microarray was used to determine gene expression profiles in ovaries. From time-point to time-point, the microarray results showed a relatively rapid change in the differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles associated with the chemical exposure. Functional analysis of the DEGs indicated changes in expression of genes associated with cofactor and coenzyme binding (GO:0048037 and 0050662), fatty acid binding (GO:0005504) and organelle organization and biogenesis (GO:0006996). Overall, the results from this study are consistent with compensation of the fish HPG axis to inhibition of steroidogenesis by prochloraz, and provide further insights into relatively rapid, system-wide, effects of a model chemical stressor on fish. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skolness, Sarah Y.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Skolness, Sarah Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Perkins, Edward] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Skolness, SY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Skolness.sarah@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); University of Minnesota-Duluth FX We thank Jenna Cavallin and Nathan Mueller who provided valuable technical assistance for the work and Dr. Michael Hornung for the helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. SYS was supported through Cooperative Agreement between the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the University of Minnesota-Duluth. This article had been reviewed in accordance with USEPA policy. Mention of specific products does not indicate endorsement by USEPA. NR 49 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.016 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 781CL UT WOS:000291908100005 PM 21470553 ER PT J AU Vinikoor-Imler, LC Davis, JA Luben, TJ AF Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C. Davis, J. Allen Luben, Thomas J. TI An Ecologic Analysis of County-Level PM2.5 Concentrations and Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Jackson State Univ (JSU), Jackson, MI SP Natl Inst Hlth (NIH), RCMI-Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Protect Agcy, JSU Off Acad Affairs, JSU Off Res & Fed Relations HO Jackson State Univ (JSU) DE particulate matter; lung cancer; incidence rates; mortality rates ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FINE; POLLUTANTS; EUROPE; RISK AB Few studies have explored the relationship between PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence. Although results are mixed, some studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality. Using an ecologic study design, we examined the county-level associations between PM2.5 concentrations (2002-2005) and lung cancer incidence and mortality in North Carolina (2002-2006). Positive trends were observed between PM2.5 concentrations and lung cancer incidence and mortality; however, the R-2 for both were < 0.10. The slopes for the relationship between PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence and mortality were 1.26 (95% CI 0.31, 2.21, p-value 0.01) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.09, 1.36, p-value 0.03) per 1 mu g/m(3) PM2.5, respectively. These associations were slightly strengthened with the inclusion of variables representing socioeconomic status and smoking. Although variability is high, thus reflecting the importance of tobacco smoking and other etiologic agents that influence lung cancer incidence and mortality besides PM2.5, a positive trend is observed between PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence and mortality. This suggests the possibility of an association between PM2.5 concentrations and lung cancer incidence and mortality. C1 [Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C.; Davis, J. Allen; Luben, Thomas J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vinikoor-Imler, LC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vinikoor-imler.lisa@epa.gov; davis.allen@epa.gov; luben.tom@epa.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1865 EP 1871 DI 10.3390/ijerph8061865 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 782PV UT WOS:000292022500007 PM 21776206 ER PT J AU Mo, JY Xia, YJ Wade, TJ DeMarini, DM Davidson, M Mumford, J AF Mo, Jinyao Xia, Yajuan Wade, Timothy J. DeMarini, David M. Davidson, Mercy Mumford, Judy TI Altered Gene Expression by Low-Dose Arsenic Exposure in Humans and Cultured Cardiomyocytes: Assessment by Real-Time PCR Arrays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Jackson State Univ (JSU), Jackson, MI SP Natl Inst Hlth (NIH), RCMI-Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Protect Agcy, JSU Off Acad Affairs, JSU Off Res & Fed Relations HO Jackson State Univ (JSU) DE arsenic; drinking water; low-density array; real-time PCR; cardiomycocytes ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; INNER-MONGOLIA; DRINKING-WATER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; WELL-WATER; POPULATION; INDUCTION AB Chronic arsenic exposure results in higher risk of skin, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on expression of selected genes in the blood lymphocytes from 159 people exposed chronically to arsenic in their drinking water using a novel RT-PCR TaqMan low-density array (TLDA). We found that expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which activates both inflammation and NF-kappa B-dependent survival pathways, was strongly associated with water and urinary arsenic levels. Expression of KCNA5, which encodes a potassium ion channel protein, was positively associated with water and toe nail arsenic levels. Expression of 2 and 11 genes were positively associated with nail and urinary arsenic, respectively. Because arsenic exposure has been reported to be associated with long QT intervals and vascular disease in humans, we also used this TLDA for analysis of gene expression in human cardiomyocytes exposed to arsenic in vitro. Expression of the ion-channel genes CACNA1, KCNH2, KCNQ1 and KCNE1 were down-regulated by 1-mu M arsenic. Alteration of some common pathways, including those involved in oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and ion-channel function, may underlay the seemingly disparate array of arsenic-associated diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; DeMarini, David M.; Mumford, Judy] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mo, Jinyao] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Xia, Yajuan] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Davidson, Mercy] Columbia Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jin_mo@med.unc.edu; yajxia@126.com; wade.tim@epa.gov; demarini.david@epa.gov; mmd2@columbia.edu; jmumford5@gmail.com NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2090 EP 2108 DI 10.3390/ijerph8062090 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 782PV UT WOS:000292022500019 PM 21776218 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Bingner, RL Locke, MA Stafford, J Theurer, FD AF Yuan, Yongping Bingner, Ronald L. Locke, Martin A. Stafford, Jim Theurer, Fred D. TI Assessing the Long Term Impact of Phosphorus Fertilization on Phosphorus Loadings Using AnnAGNPS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Jackson State Univ (JSU), Jackson, MI SP Natl Inst Hlth (NIH), RCMI-Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Protect Agcy, JSU Off Acad Affairs, JSU Off Res & Fed Relations HO Jackson State Univ (JSU) DE AnnAGNPS watershed modeling; phosphorus fertilization rates; phosphorus loss ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; MODEL; ACCUMULATION; WATERSHEDS; COMPONENT; ALBERTA; LOSSES AB High phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields has been an environmental concern because of potential water quality problems in streams and lakes. To better understand the process of P loss and evaluate the effects of different phosphorus fertilization rates on phosphorus losses, the USDA Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollutant loading model was applied to the Ohio Upper Auglaize watershed, located in the southern portion of the Maumee River Basin. In this study, the AnnAGNPS model was calibrated using USGS monitored data; and then the effects of different phosphorus fertilization rates on phosphorus loadings were assessed. It was found that P loadings increase as fertilization rate increases, and long term higher P application would lead to much higher P loadings to the watershed outlet. The P loadings to the watershed outlet have a dramatic change after some time with higher P application rate. This dramatic change of P loading to the watershed outlet indicates that a. critical point. may exist in the soil at which soil P loss to water changes dramatically. Simulations with different initial soil P contents showed that the higher the initial soil P content is, the less time it takes to reach the. critical point. where P loadings to the watershed outlet increases dramatically. More research needs to be done to understand the processes involved in the transfer of P between the various stable, active and labile states in the soil to ensure that the model simulations are accurate. This finding may be useful in setting up future P application and management guidelines. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bingner, Ronald L.; Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Stafford, Jim] USDA, NRCS, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Theurer, Fred D.] USDA, Water Qual & Quant Team, NRCS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov; ron.bingner@ars.usda.gov; martin.locke@ars.usda.gov; jim.stafford@oh.usda.gov; Fred.Theurer@verizon.net RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2181 EP 2199 DI 10.3390/ijerph8062181 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 782PV UT WOS:000292022500026 PM 21776225 ER PT J AU Nweke, OC AF Nweke, Onyemaechi C. TI A Framework for Integrating Environmental Justice in Regulatory Analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Jackson State Univ (JSU), Jackson, MI SP Natl Inst Hlth (NIH), RCMI-Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Protect Agcy, JSU Off Acad Affairs, JSU Off Res & Fed Relations HO Jackson State Univ (JSU) DE regulatory impact analysis; environmental justice; inequality; equity; regulatory development; inequity; disproportionate impacts ID NEIGHBORHOOD PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS; AIR-POLLUTION; CONTROL STRATEGIES; LEAD LEVELS; DISPARITIES; INEQUALITY; EFFICIENCY; TOXICS AB With increased interest in integrating environmental justice into the process for developing environmental regulations in the United States, analysts and decision makers are confronted with the question of what methods and data can be used to assess disproportionate environmental health impacts. However, as a first step to identifying data and methods, it is important that analysts understand what information on equity impacts is needed for decision making. Such knowledge originates from clearly stated equity objectives and the reflection of those objectives throughout the analytical activities that characterize Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA), a process that is traditionally used to inform decision making. The framework proposed in this paper advocates structuring analyses to explicitly provide pre-defined output on equity impacts. Specifically, the proposed framework emphasizes: (a) defining equity objectives for the proposed regulatory action at the onset of the regulatory process, (b) identifying specific and related sub-objectives for key analytical steps in the RIA process, and (c) developing explicit analytical/research questions to assure that stated sub-objectives and objectives are met. In proposing this framework, it is envisioned that information on equity impacts informs decision-making in regulatory development, and that this is achieved through a systematic and consistent approach that assures linkages between stated equity objectives, regulatory analyses, selection of policy options, and the design of compliance and enforcement activities. C1 US EPA, Off Environm Justice, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nweke, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Justice, MC 2201A,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nweke.onyemaechi@epa.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2366 EP 2385 DI 10.3390/ijerph8062366 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 782PV UT WOS:000292022500036 PM 21776235 ER PT J AU Fencil, JF Lee, Y Swertfeger, J Noble, T AF Fencil, Jeffrey F. Lee, Yeongho Swertfeger, Jeff Noble, Tom TI Protecting Public Health and the Distribution System-Optimizing Consequence Management Procedures in a CWS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Fencil, Jeffrey F.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lee, Yeongho; Swertfeger, Jeff] Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Noble, Tom] Horsley Witten Grp, Water Secur Serv, Witten, Germany. RP Fencil, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM fencil.jeffrey@epa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 26 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 778AC UT WOS:000291668200005 ER PT J AU Maimone, F Turpin, BJ Solomon, P Meng, QY Robinson, AL Subramanian, R Polidori, A AF Maimone, Francesco Turpin, Barbara J. Solomon, Paul Meng, QingYu Robinson, Allen L. Subramanian, R. Polidori, Andrea TI Correction Methods for Organic Carbon Artifacts When Using Quartz-Fiber Filters in Large Particulate Matter Monitoring Networks: The Regression Method and Other Options SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SPECIATION TRENDS NETWORK; EC TRACER METHOD; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; PM2.5; AEROSOL; ADSORPTION AB Sampling and handling artifacts can bias filter-based measurements of particulate organic carbon (OC). Several measurement-based methods for OC artifact reduction and/or estimation are currently used in research-grade field studies. OC frequently is not artifact-corrected in large routine sampling networks (e.g., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Chemical Speciation Network). In some cases, the OC artifact has been corrected using a regression method (RM) for artifact estimation. In this method, the y-intercept of the regression of the OC concentration on the fine particle (PM(2.5)) mass concentration is taken to be an estimate of the average OC sampling artifact (net of positive and negative artifacts). This paper discusses options for artifact correction in large routine sampling networks. Specifically, the goals are to (1) articulate the assumptions and limitations inherent to the RM, (2) describe other artifact correction approaches, and (3) suggest a cost-effective method for artifact correction in large monitoring networks. The RM assumes a linear relationship between measured OC and PM mass: a constant slope (OC mass fraction) and a constant intercept (RM artifact estimate). These assumptions are not always valid. Additionally, outliers and other individual data points can have a large influence on the RM artifact estimates. The RM yields results within the range of measurement-based methods for some datasets and not for others. Given that the adsorption of organic gases increases with atmospheric concentrations of organics, subtraction of an average artifact from all samples (e.g., across multiple sites) will underestimate OC for lower-concentration samples (e.g., clean sites) and overestimate OC for higher-concentration samples (e.g., polluted sites). For relatively accurate, simple, and cost-effective artifact OC estimation in large networks, the authors suggest backup filter sampling on at least 10% of sampling days at all sites with artifact correction on a sample-by-sample basis as described herein. C1 [Maimone, Francesco; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Solomon, Paul] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Meng, QingYu] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Robinson, Allen L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Subramanian, R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Polidori, Andrea] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Turpin, BJ (reprint author), 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 22 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 61 IS 6 BP 696 EP 710 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.61.6.696 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 787EK UT WOS:000292359200010 PM 21751585 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Lopez, RD AF Mayer, Audrey L. Lopez, Ricardo D. TI Use of Remote Sensing to Support Forest and Wetlands Policies in the USA SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE environmental policy; remote sensing; forests; wetlands; No Net Loss ID EARTH-OBSERVATION-SYSTEM; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE AB The use of remote sensing for environmental policy development is now quite common and well-documented, as images from remote sensing platforms are often used to focus attention on emerging environmental issues and spur debate on potential policy solutions. However, its use in policy implementation and evaluation has not been examined in much detail. Here we examine the use of remote sensing to support the implementation and enforcement of policies regarding the conservation of forests and wetlands in the USA. Specifically, we focus on the "Roadless Rule" and "Travel Management Rules" as enforced by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service on national forests, and the "No Net Loss" policy and Clean Water Act for wetlands on public and private lands, as enforced by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Army Corps of Engineers. We discuss several national and regional examples of how remote sensing for forest and wetland conservation has been effectively integrated with policy decisions, along with barriers to further integration. Some of these barriers are financial and technical (such as the lack of data at scales appropriate to policy enforcement), while others are political. C1 [Mayer, Audrey L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lopez, Ricardo D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM almayer@mtu.edu; rdlopez@fs.fed.us OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 101 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1233 DI 10.3390/rs3061211 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978NL UT WOS:000306749700008 ER PT J AU Fann, N Roman, HA Fulcher, CM Gentile, MA Hubbell, BJ Wesson, K Levy, JI AF Fann, Neal Roman, Henry A. Fulcher, Charles M. Gentile, Mikael A. Hubbell, Bryan J. Wesson, Karen Levy, Jonathan I. TI Maximizing Health Benefits and Minimizing Inequality: Incorporating Local-Scale Data in the Design and Evaluation of Air Quality Policies SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE BenMAP; inequality; PM(2.5); susceptible; vulnerable ID CONTROL STRATEGIES; POLLUTION; EFFICIENCY; EQUITY AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency undertook a case study in the Detroit metropolitan area to test the viability of a new multipollutant risk-based (MP/RB) approach to air quality management, informed by spatially resolved air quality, population, and baseline health data. The case study demonstrated that the MP/RB approach approximately doubled the human health benefits achieved by the traditional approach while increasing cost less than 20%-moving closer to the objective of Executive Order 12866 to maximize net benefits. Less well understood is how the distribution of health benefits from the MP/RB and traditional strategies affect the existing inequalities in air-pollution-related risks in Detroit. In this article, we identify Detroit populations that may be both most susceptible to air pollution health impacts (based on local-scale baseline health data) and most vulnerable to air pollution (based on fine-scale PM(2.5) air quality modeling and socioeconomic characteristics). Using these susceptible/vulnerable subpopulation profiles, we assess the relative impacts of each control strategy on risk inequality, applying the Atkinson Index (AI) to quantify health risk inequality at baseline and with either risk management approach. We find that the MP/RB approach delivers greater air quality improvements among these subpopulations while also generating substantial benefits among lower-risk populations. Applying the AI, we confirm that the MP/RB strategy yields less PM(2.5) mortality and asthma hospitalization risk inequality than the traditional approach. We demonstrate the value of this approach to policymakers as they develop cost-effective air quality management plans that maximize risk reduction while minimizing health inequality. C1 [Fann, Neal; Fulcher, Charles M.; Hubbell, Bryan J.; Wesson, Karen] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roman, Henry A.; Gentile, Mikael A.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Levy, Jonathan I.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), Mail Drop C539-07,TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM fann.neal@epa.gov RI Levy, Jon/B-4542-2011; OI Levy, Jon/0000-0002-1116-4006; Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 31 IS 6 BP 908 EP 922 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01629.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 783UQ UT WOS:000292109900007 PM 21615761 ER PT J AU Simpson, RD AF Simpson, R. David TI Allocating Land for an Ecosystem Service: A Simple Model of Nutrient Retention with an Application to the Chesapeake Bay Watershed SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; DECISION-MAKING AB Depuis les dernieres decennies, les services ecosystemiques suscitent beaucoup d'interet. La retention des elements nutritifs figure parmi les services les plus mentionnes. Dans le present article, j'ai elabore un modele simple d'utilisation des terres agricoles qui tient compte d'une exigence reglementaire selon laquelle les charges en elements nutritifs ne peuvent exceder une quantite maximale etablie. Les agriculteurs decident de la quantite d'elements nutritifs residuels qu'ils genereront, des superficies qu'ils consacreront a la production et, par consequent, des superficies qui, au lieu d'etre consacrees a la production, seront reservees a la retention des elements nutritifs. J'ai formule trois propositions. Premierement, lorsque la limite reglementaire n'est pas fermement imposee, une solution speciale (corner solution) fera en sorte qu'aucune superficie ne sera reservee pour la retention des elements nutritifs. Deuxiemement, pour toute limite reglementaire etablie, des superficies maximales seront reservees pour offrir des services ecosystemiques, peu importe l'efficacite de retention des elements nutritifs de ces superficies. Troisiemement, lorsqu'il aura ete prouve que reserver des superficies pour la retention des elements nutritifs est d'une grande valeur, il se peut que les superficies reservees a cette fin soient inferieures a celles qui l'avaient ete lorsque le service avait une moindre valeur. J'ai illustre les incidences de ce modele en l'appliquant au bassin versant de la baie de Chesapeake. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Simpson, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW Mail code 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM simpson.david@epa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 259 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2010.01214.x PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 758PD UT WOS:000290176300007 ER PT J AU Berrocal, VJ Gelfand, AE Holland, DM Burke, J Miranda, ML AF Berrocal, Veronica J. Gelfand, Alan E. Holland, David M. Burke, Janet Miranda, Marie Lynn TI On the use of a PM2.5 exposure simulator to explain birthweight SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE conditionally autoregressive (CAR) model; exposure metrics; hierarchical model; stochastic simulator ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; DAILY MORTALITY; TIME-SERIES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; MEASUREMENT ERROR AB In relating pollution to birth outcomes, maternal exposure has usually been described using monitoring data. Such characterization provides a misrepresentation of exposure as (i) it does not take into account the spatial misalignment between an individual's residence and monitoring sites, and (ii) it ignores the fact that individuals spend most of their time indoors and typically in more than one location. In this paper, we break with previous studies by using a stochastic simulator to describe personal exposure (to particulate matter) and then relate simulated exposures at the individual level to the health outcome (birthweight) rather than aggregating to a selected spatial unit. We propose a hierarchical model that, at the first stage, specifies a linear relationship between birthweight and personal exposure, adjusting for individual risk factors and introduces random spatial effects for the census tract of maternal residence. At the second stage, we specify the distribution of each individual's personal exposure using the empirical distribution yielded by the stochastic simulator as well as a model for the spatial random effects. We have applied our framework to analyze birthweight data from 14 counties in North Carolina in years 2001 and 2002. We investigate whether there are certain aspects and time windows of exposure that are more detrimental to birthweight by building different exposure metrics which we incorporate, one by one, in our hierarchical model. To assess the difference in relating ambient exposure (i. e., exposure to ambient concentration) to birthweight versus personal exposure to birthweight, we compare estimates of the effect of air pollution obtained from hierarchical models that linearly relate ambient exposure and birthweight to those obtained from our modeling framework. Our analysis does not show a significant effect of PM2.5 on birthweight for reasons which we discuss. However, our modeling framework serves as a template for general analyses of the relationship between personal exposure and longer term health endpoints. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Berrocal, Veronica J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gelfand, Alan E.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Holland, David M.; Burke, Janet] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Miranda, Marie Lynn] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Berrocal, VJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM berrocal@umich.edu FU USEPA [RD-83329301-0]; National Research Council Research Associate [83323201-7] FX The authors thank Haluk Ozkaynak and Montserrat Fuentes for valuable discussions. This research was supported in part by USEPA Award No. RD-83329301-0 and by a National Research Council Research Associate Grant (No. 83323201-7) that supported Berrocal's postdoctoral fellowship at the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD JUN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 553 EP 571 DI 10.1002/env.1086 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 764HP UT WOS:000290620800006 PM 21691413 ER PT J AU Bermudez, DS Skotko, JP Ohta, Y Boggs, ASP Iguchi, T Guillette, LJ AF Bermudez, Dieldrich S. Skotko, Jeremy P. Ohta, Yasuhiko Boggs, Ashley S. P. Iguchi, Taisen Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Sex Steroid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Expressions in the Thyroid of the American Alligator (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS) During Different Life Stages SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alligator; ER alpha; thyroid ID JUVENILE ALLIGATORS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; FLORIDA LAKES; ADULT-RATS; GROWTH; ALPHA; BETA; THYROPEROXIDASE; TESTOSTERONE AB The expression of estrogen receptors, ESR1 (ER alpha) and ESR2 (ER beta), and androgen receptors (AR) in the thyroid gland has been reported in few vertebrate species other than a few mammals. This study reports the presence of sex steroid hormone receptors and thyroid receptors (ER alpha, ER beta, AR, TR alpha, and TR beta) in the thyroid gland of the American alligator at several life stages. It provides a semiquantification and distribution of ER alpha in the thyroid follicle cells using an immunohistochemical approach as well as reports quantitative differences in mRNA expression of ER alpha, ER beta, TR alpha, TR beta, and AR in the same tissue using quantitative real time-PCR (Q-PCR) with primers designed specifically for alligators. The thyroid tissue of the American alligator expresses ER alpha, ER beta, and AR at all of the life stages examined here although no statistically significant differences were observed between male and female in thyroid mRNA expression for any of the genes analyzed. No sexual dimorphism was observed in ER alpha immunostaining. No statistical analysis across life stages were performed due to confounding factor of season. J. Morphol. 272: 698-703, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Skotko, Jeremy P.] US EPA, NHEERL, TAD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bermudez, Dieldrich S.; Skotko, Jeremy P.; Boggs, Ashley S. P.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ohta, Yasuhiko] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Med, Anim Expt Lab, Tottori 6808553, Japan. [Iguchi, Taisen] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Basic Biol, Okazaki Inst Integrat Biosci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. [Iguchi, Taisen] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Basic Biol, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bermudez, DS (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, TAD, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dieldrich@gmail.com FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; UF Opportunity Fund; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; U.S. NIH [R21 ES014053-01]; NIEHS [5F31HD051093-02]; NSF East Asia Summer Institute [0513106] FX Contract grant sponsor: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research); Contract grant sponsor: UF Opportunity Fund; Contract grant sponsor: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professors program; Contract grant sponsor: U.S. NIH; Contract grant number: R21 ES014053-01; Contract grant sponsor: NIEHS Minority Predoctoral Fellowship; Contract grant number: 5F31HD051093-02; Contract grant sponsor: NSF East Asia Summer Institutes Fellowship; Contract grant number: 0513106. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 272 IS 6 BP 698 EP 703 DI 10.1002/jmor.10936 PG 6 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 764HO UT WOS:000290620700004 PM 21308728 ER PT J AU Carll, AP Willis, MS Lust, RM Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Carll, Alex P. Willis, Monte S. Lust, Robert M. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI Merits of Non-Invasive Rat Models of Left Ventricular Heart Failure SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heart failure; Heart failure model; Cardiomyopathy; Echocardiography; Rat; Isoproterenol; Doxorubicin; Spontaneously hypertensive; SHHF; Salt diet ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; INDUCED CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HYPERTROPHY; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY; DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY; ASSOCIATION STATISTICS-COMMITTEE; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; CHRONIC VOLUME OVERLOAD; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA AB Heart failure (HF) is characterized as a limitation to cardiac output that prevents the heart from supplying tissues with adequate oxygen and predisposes individuals to pulmonary edema. Impaired cardiac function is secondary to either decreased contractility reducing ejection (systolic failure), diminished ventricular compliance preventing filling (diastolic failure), or both. To study HF etiology, many different techniques have been developed to elicit this condition in experimental animals, with varying degrees of success. Among rats, surgically induced HF models are the most prevalent, but they bear several shortcomings, including high mortality rates and limited recapitulation of the pathophysiology, etiology, and progression of human HF. Alternatively, a number of non-invasive HF induction methods avoid many of these pitfalls, and their merits in technical simplicity, reliability, survivability, and comparability to the pathophysiologic and pathogenic characteristics of HF are reviewed herein. In particular, this review focuses on the primary pathogenic mechanisms common to genetic strains (spontaneously hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive heart failure), pharmacological models of toxic cardiomyopathy (doxorubicin and isoproterenol), and dietary salt models, all of which have been shown to induce left ventricular HF in the rat. Additional non-invasive techniques that may potentially enable the development of new HF models are also discussed. C1 [Carll, Alex P.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Willis, Monte S.] Univ N Carolina, McAllister Heart Inst, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lust, Robert M.] E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Willis, Monte S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Carll, AP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 148 Rosenau Hall,CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM carll@unc.edu OI Carll, Alex/0000-0003-1832-3070; Willis, Monte/0000-0002-0769-5816 FU UNC/EPA [CR83323601] FX Alex Carll is supported by UNC/EPA CR83323601. NR 208 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 91 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s12012-011-9103-5 PG 22 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA 758LK UT WOS:000290166100001 PM 21279739 ER PT J AU McGarvey, DJ AF McGarvey, Daniel J. TI Quantifying ichthyofaunal zonation and species richness along a 2800-km reach of the Rio Chama and Rio Grande (USA) SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE southwestern fishes; species-discharge relationship; longitudinal profile; fish assemblage structure; cluster analysis ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; NEW-MEXICO; DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP; LONGITUDINAL ZONATION; STREAM FISHES; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; GRADIENT; FLOW AB Ichthyofaunal zonation occurs when lotic fishes are partitioned into distinct assemblages, usually in response to longitudinally distributed habitats. Several studies have documented zonation within the Rio Grande, but this is the first to quantitatively test the zonation hypothesis along a continuous 2800-km river profile, extending from the Rio Chama headwaters to the Gulf of Mexico. Using a large, multi-source dataset, I detected three ichthyofaunal zones: a high gradient (similar to 1.5%) 'upper' zone, a moderate gradient (similar to 0.2%) 'middle' zone and a low gradient (< 0.1%) 'lower' zone. Species richness was lowest in the upper zone and highest in the lower zone, and all zones contained large numbers of nonnative species. However, species richness did not accumulate in a consistent, downstream manner. Instead, it tracked local-scale changes in mean annual discharge. This demonstrates the strong effect of river regulation and irrigation withdraws on fish diversity in the Rio Grande. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP McGarvey, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mcgar002@gmail.com RI McGarvey, Daniel/A-7725-2009 FU U.S. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); National Science Foundation (NSF/IGERT) [DGE9972810]; USEPA; University of Alabama (Department of Biological Sciences) FX Many thanks are due to Steve Platania, Phil Kaufmann and two anonymous reviewers for extensive comments and feedback on the manuscript. The Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provided unpublished fish data. Lex Snyder and Tom Turner were particularly helpful in procuring fish data. Ulrich Hofer generously supplied the zonation test programme. PopTools software was obtained through the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia (http://www.cse.csiro.au/poptools). This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the U.S. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through and interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Additional funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF/IGERT grant DGE9972810), a USEPA STAR Fellowship, and the University of Alabama (Department of Biological Sciences). This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with USEPA peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00485.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 758MK UT WOS:000290168700005 ER PT J AU Forshay, KJ Dodson, SI AF Forshay, Kenneth J. Dodson, Stanley I. TI Macrophyte presence is an indicator of enhanced denitrification and nitrification in sediments of a temperate restored agricultural stream SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Ammonium; Pollution; Restoration; Ecosystem services; Macrophyte; Denitrification; Stream; Nitrification; Sediment; Wet fringe ID SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; NITRATE; RESTORATION; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS AB Stream macrophytes are often removed with their sediments to deepen stream channels, stabilize channel banks, or provide habitat for target species. These sediments may support enhanced nitrogen processing. To evaluate sediment nitrogen processing, identify seasonal patterns, and assess sediment processes relative to stream load, we measured denitrification and nitrification rates in a restored third- to fourth-order agricultural stream, Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, and estimated processing over a 10 km reach. Our results show that sediments with submerged and emergent macrophytes (e.g., Potomageton spp. and Phalaris arudinacea) support greater denitrification rates than bare sediments (1.12 mu mol N g(-1) h(-1) vs. 0.29). Sediments with macrophytes were not carbon limited and organic matter fraction was weakly correlated to denitrification. The highest denitrification potential occurred in macrophyte beds (5.19 mu mol N g(-1) h(-1)). Nitrification rates were greater in emergent beds than bare sediments (1.07 mu g N ml(-1)day(-1) vs. 0.35) with the greatest nitrification rates during the summer. Total denitrification removal in sediments with macrophytes was equivalent to 43% of the nitrate stream load (463.7 kg N day(-1)) during spring and nitrification in sediments with macrophytes was equivalent to 247% of summer ammonium load (3.5 kg N day(-1)). Although the in-channel connectivity to nitrogen rich water was limited, actual stream nitrogen loads could increase with removal of macrophytes. Macrophyte beds and supporting fringing wetted areas are important if nitrogen management is a concern for riparian stream restoration efforts. C1 [Forshay, Kenneth J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Forshay, Kenneth J.; Dodson, Stanley I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Forshay, KJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Forshay.Ken@epa.gov RI Forshay, Ken/N-4068-2014; Forshay, Kenneth/P-3649-2015 OI Forshay, Ken/0000-0002-2867-8492; Forshay, Kenneth/0000-0002-2867-8492 FU Milwaukee Zoological Society; Summer Science Institute; UW Department of Zoology FX We thank Bob Stelzer, Harry Read, Sarah Kerr, Paul Mayer, and Phil Emmling for technical assistance. Jessica Wallace, Christine Donahoe, Bridget Forshay, Francis J. Nunez, Max Gehrman, and Jennifer Rutka provided field and lab support. The Milwaukee Zoological Society, the Summer Science Institute, and UW Department of Zoology grants provided support for this work. Notice: The research described herein was developed by the author, an employee of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), prior to his employment with EPA. It was conducted independent of EPA employment and has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review. Therefore, the conclusions and opinions drawn are solely those of the author and are not necessarily the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2011 VL 668 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0619-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 758PN UT WOS:000290177300003 ER PT J AU Penalva-Arana, DC Forshay, K Johnson, PTJ Strickler, JR Dodson, SI AF Penalva-Arana, D. C. Forshay, Kenneth Johnson, Pieter T. J. Strickler, J. R. Dodson, Stanley I. TI Chytrid infection reduces thoracic beat and heart rate of Daphnia pulicaria SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Daphnia; Polycaryum laeve; Chytrid; Gravid; Thoracic beat; Heart rate; Sublethal effect ID MIDSUMMER DECLINE; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; FISH PREDATION; PARASITES; HOST; MAGNA; MICROPARASITES; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; PULEX AB Zooplankters are hosts to numerous endo- and ectoparasites, some of which have dramatic impacts on their hosts. Epizootics on zooplankton are probably more widespread in lake systems than it is currently known, and few studies have explored the direct and indirect importance of parasitism in aquatic food webs. In addition, our understanding of the sublethal effects of parasitic infections on host organisms and populations is limited. We used a novel electro-chemical based technique to measure in the outflow of the feeding current changes in the beat rate of the thoracic appendages in female Daphnia pulicaria. We observed simultaneously the heart rates and compared chytrid infected animals with uninfected gravid and non-gravid ones. We found in uninfected animals a thoracic beat rate of 3.81 +/- A 018 Hz and a heart rate of 4.67 +/- A 0.42 Hz. Gravid daphnids had a 14% lower thoracic beat rate (3.27 +/- A 0.30 Hz) than non-gravid females while the heart rate did not significantly differ (4.48 +/- A 0.28 Hz). In contrast, infected animals showed a 22% lower thoracic beat rate (2.96 +/- A 0.47 Hz) and a 36% lower heart rate (2.98 +/- A 0.5 Hz) when compared with uninfected non-gravid females. We discuss the ways Daphnia are affected by Polycaryum leave infections on the individual and population level. C1 [Penalva-Arana, D. C.; Strickler, J. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Forshay, Kenneth] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Johnson, Pieter T. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dodson, Stanley I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Penalva-Arana, D. C.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Penalva-Arana, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM carolinawork@gmail.com RI Forshay, Ken/N-4068-2014; Forshay, Kenneth/P-3649-2015 OI Forshay, Ken/0000-0002-2867-8492; Forshay, Kenneth/0000-0002-2867-8492 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2011 VL 668 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0684-6 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 758PN UT WOS:000290177300011 ER PT J AU Allen, PE Dodson, SI AF Allen, Paula E. Dodson, Stanley I. TI Land use and ostracod community structure SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ostracods; Land use; Community structure; NMS; CART (R); Lake productivity ID FRESHWATER OSTRACODES; SPECIES RICHNESS; WATER CHEMISTRY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; AQUATIC VEGETATION; ANION COMPOSITION; MARGINAL MARINE; LAKE; CANADA; SEDIMENTS AB Ostracods are important members of the benthos and littoral communities of lake ecosystems. Ostracods respond to hydrochemistry (water chemistry) which is influenced by climatic factors such as water balance, temperature, and chemicals in rainfall runoff from the land. Thus, at local scales, environmental preferences of ostracods and characteristics of lakes are used to infer changes in climate, hydrology, and erosion of lake catchments. This study addresses potential drivers of ostracod community structure and biodiversity at multiple spatial scales using NMS, CART(A (R)), and multiple regression models. We identified 23 ostracod species from 12 lake sites. Lake area, maximum depth, spring conductivity, chlorophyll a, pH, dissolved oxygen, sedimentary carbonate, and organic matter all influence ostracod community structure based on our NMS. Based on regression analysis, lake depth, chlorophyll a, and total dissolved solids best explained ostracod richness and abundance. Land uses are also important community structuring elements that varied with scale; locally and regionally agriculture, wetlands, and grasslands were important. Nationally, using regression tree analysis of lakes sites in the North American Non-marine ostracod database (NANODe), row-crop agriculture was the most important predictor of biodiversity. Low agriculture corresponded to low species richness but greater landscape heterogeneity produced sites of high ostracod richness. C1 [Allen, Paula E.] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Dodson, Stanley I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Allen, PE (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, Off Res & Dev, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM allen.paula@epa.gov FU Department of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison; Milwaukee Zoological Society; Lois Almon Foundation; Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was funded primarily by the Department of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, including the Emlen and A. G. Birge Foundations. Additional funds were received from the Milwaukee Zoological Society, the Lois Almon Foundation and the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. Volunteers made this effort possible. Special thanks are due to Patricia Sanford and Marge Winkler at the Paleoecology Laboratory at the Center for Climate Research for LOI testing and assistance sampling Lulu Lake; Paul Garrison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, for sampling advice and help in sampling Lulu and Moose Lakes; Susan Will-Wolf for help with ordination techniques; Brandon Curry for reviewing ostracod reference materials; Maliha Nash, USEPA, for statistical advise and encouragement; and Dr. Allen's dissertation committee (Lou Maher, Lee Clayton, David Mladenoff, and Emily Stanley). We would also like to thank several anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments greatly improved the manuscript. This research was also funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2011 VL 668 IS 1 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0711-7 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 758PN UT WOS:000290177300016 ER PT J AU Sharkhuu, T Doerfler, DL Copeland, C Luebke, RW Gilmour, MI AF Sharkhuu, Tuya Doerfler, Donald L. Copeland, Carey Luebke, Robert W. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Effect of maternal exposure to ozone on reproductive outcome and immune, inflammatory, and allergic responses in the offspring SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ozone; inhalation; immunotoxicity; allergy; pregnancy; mice ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; AIR-POLLUTION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; TOBACCO-SMOKE; BALB/C MICE; IN-UTERO AB There is growing concern that exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy affects health outcomes in the offspring due to alterations in the development of immune and other homeostatic processes. To assess the risks of maternal inhalation exposure to ozone (O(3)), timed pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to different concentrations of O(3) (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 ppm) for 4 h/day for 10 days during gestation (GD9--GD18), and pulmonary inflammation and immune responses were assessed in the offspring at 6 weeks-of-age. Maternal O(3) exposure reduced the number of productive dams by 25% at the highest O(3) concentration (1.2 ppm) and decreased the rate of weight gain in the offspring. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to bovine serum albumin were suppressed in the female offspring by maternal exposure to the two highest concentrations of O(3), whereas humoral immune responses to sheep red blood cells were not altered in either sex. Maternal exposure to 1.2 ppm O(3) increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the offspring but did not affect the number of inflammatory cells or levels of total protein, IFN-gamma gamma, IL-17, and IL-4 cytokines in BALF, or CD41001 mu g TEQ(t fuel consumed)(-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of experimental methods on the emission factor. A portable field sampler was used to measure PCDD/PCDF emissions from forest fires and the same fuel when burnt over a brick hearth to eliminate potential soil effects. A laboratory burn facility was used to sample emissions from the same fuels. There was very good agreement in emission factors to air (EF(Air)) for forest fuel (Duke Forest, NC) of 0.52 (range: 0.40-0.79), 0.59 (range: 0.18-1.2) and 0.75 (range: 0.27-1.2) mu g TEQ(WHO2005) (t fuel consumed)(-1) for the in-field, over a brick hearth, and burn facility experiments, respectively. Similarly, experiments with sugarcane showed very good agreement with EFAir of 1.1 (range: 0.40-2.2), 1.5 (range: 0.84-2.2) and 1.7 (range: 0.34-4.4) mu g TEQ (t fuel consumed)(-1) for in-field, over a brick hearth, open field and burn facility experiments respectively. Field sampling and laboratory simulations were in good agreement, and no significant changes in emissions of PCDD/PCDF could be attributed to fuel storage and transport to laboratory test facilities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Black, R. R.; Mueller, J. F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopersplains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Meyer, C. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Touati, A.] ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gullett, B. K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fiedler, H.] UNEP DTIE Chem Branch, CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE, Switzerland. RP Black, RR (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopersplains, Qld 4108, Australia. EM vk2bbr@ozemail.com.au RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Meyer, Carl/H-2311-2011; Fiedler, Heidelore/P-6115-2015; OI Meyer, Carl/0000-0002-8062-3712; Fiedler, Heidelore/0000-0003-1496-9245; Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 FU Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention FX The project was funded by the United Nations Environment Programme, Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1331 EP 1338 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.062 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 771VA UT WOS:000291187600006 PM 21524778 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, Malcolm S. TI Application of robust statistical methods to background tracer data characterized by outliers and left-censored data SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tracer-breakthrough curves; Outliers; Left-censored data; Mean; Maximum likelihood estimation; Median AB Accurate analysis of tracer-breakthrough curves is dependent on the removal of measured background concentrations from the measured tracer recovery data. Background concentrations are commonly converted to a single mean background concentration that is subtracted from tracer recovery data. To obtain an improved estimate for the mean background concentration, a statically-robust procedure addressing left-censored data and possible outliers in background concentration data is presented. A maximum likelihood estimate and other robust methods coupled with outlier removal are applied. Application of statically-robust procedures to background concentrations results not only in better estimates for mean background concentration but also results in more accurate quantitative analyses of tracer-breakthrough curves when the mean background concentration is subtracted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, 1200 Penn, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3107 EP 3118 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.018 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 770LF UT WOS:000291087300009 PM 21489595 ER PT J AU Shannahan, JH Ghio, AJ Schladweiler, MC McGee, JK Richards, JH Gavett, SH Kodavanti, UP AF Shannahan, Jonathan H. Ghio, Andrew J. Schladweiler, Mette C. McGee, John K. Richards, Judy H. Gavett, Stephen H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI The role of iron in Libby amphibole-induced acute lung injury and inflammation SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Libby amphibole; iron homeostasis; inflammation ID SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; NF-KAPPA-B; CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; FERRUGINOUS BODIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MINERAL FIBER; EXPOSURE; MONTANA AB Complexation of host iron (Fe) on the surface of inhaled asbestos fibers has been postulated to cause oxidative stress contributing to in vivo pulmonary injury and inflammation. We examined the role of Fe in Libby amphibole (LA; mean length 4.99 mu A mu m +/-+/- 4.53 and width 0.28 mu A mu m +/-+/- 0.19) asbestos-induced inflammogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. LA contained acid-leachable Fe and silicon. In a cell-free media containing FeCl3, LA bound #17 mu A mu g of Fe/mg of fiber and increased reactive oxygen species generation #3.5 fold, which was reduced by deferoxamine (DEF) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells exposure to LA, LA loaded with Fe (FeLA), or LA with DEF did not increase HO-1 or ferritin mRNA expression. LA increased IL-8 expression, which was reduced by Fe loading but increased by DEF. To determine the role of Fe in LA-induced lung injury in vivo, spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed intratracheally to either saline (300 mu A mu L), DEF (1 mg), FeCl3 (21 mu A mu g), LA (0.5 mg), FeLA (0.5 mg), or LA ++ DEF (0.5 mg). LA caused BALF neutrophils to increase 24 h post-exposure. Loading of Fe on LA but not chelation slightly decreased neutrophilic influx (LA ++ DEF > LA > FeLA). At 4 h post-exposure, LA-induced lung expression of MIP-2 was reduced in rats exposed to FeLA but increased by LA ++ DEF (LA ++ DEF > LA > FeLA). Ferritin mRNA was elevated in rats exposed to FeLA compared to LA. In conclusion, the acute inflammatory response to respirable fibers and particles may be inhibited in the presence of surface-complexed or cellular bioavailable Fe. Cell and tissue Fe-overload conditions may influence the pulmonary injury and inflammation caused by fibers.= 79% specificity (% true negative) and >= 70% sensitivity (% true positive) for non-aromatizable androgens. The aromatizable androgens T and MT were classified as androgenic with specificities of 42 and 79%, respectively. The reduction in sensitivity observed with T is thought to be caused by its metabolic conversion to an estrogen by aromatase. The results of these studies show diagnostic plasma protein expression models can correctly classify chemicals by their androgenic activity using a combination of high throughput mass spectrometry and multivariate approaches. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hemmer, Michael J.; Salinas, Kimberly A.; Harris, Peggy S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Hemmer, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM hemmer.michael@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Matthew Bearden for his excellent technical support. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the content reflects the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1386 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.008 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 762SS UT WOS:000290502000010 PM 21392497 ER PT J AU Grandesso, E Gullett, B Touati, A Tabor, D AF Grandesso, Emanuela Gullett, Brian Touati, Abderrahmane Tabor, Dennis TI Effect of Moisture, Charge Size, and Chlorine Concentration on PCDD/F Emissions from Simulated Open Burning of Forest Biomass SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; P-DIOXINS; TRACE GAS; COMBUSTION; FIRES; FUELS; AFRICAN; WASTE; BED AB Lob lolly pine (Pinus taeda) was combusted at different charge sizes, fuel moisture, and chlorine content to determine the effect on emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) as well as copollutants CO, PM, and total hydrocarbons. The experiments were performed in an enclosed chamber under conditions simulating open, prescribed burns of forest biomass. Burn progress was monitored through on line measurement of combustion, gases and temperature while PCDD/F concentrations were determined by ambient sampling methods. PCDD/F toxic equivalency (TEQ) and total (tetra- to octa-CDD/F) emission factors were independent of charge size (1-10 kg) and moisture content (7-50%). However, the lower chlorinated, mono- to tri-CDD/F compounds were increased by poor combustion conditions: combustion efficiency lower than 0.919 was generally found when the moisture content was higher than 30%. The increase of fuel matrix chlorine from 0.04% to 0.8% using a brine bath resulted in about a 100-fold increase of PCDD/F to about 90 ng TEQ/kg of carbon burned, C-b. These emission factors were linearly dependent on Cl concentration in the biomass. PCDD 2,3,7,8-Cl-substituted congeners and homologue patterns were also influenced by the addition of chlorine resulting in emissions with a higher abundance of the most toxic congeners (TeCDD and PeCDD). When both chlorine and moisture content were increased in the fuel, a simultaneous effect of the two parameters was observed. The increased TEQ values expected from higher Cl concentrations were mitigated by the presence of water, giving MCE = 0.868, promoting formation of mono- to tri-PCDD/F, and lowering the TEQ value. Open burn simulations were used to study PCDD/F formation in different combustion conditions providing a mathematical correlation between PCDD/F emissions and chlorine and moisture content in the fuel. C1 [Grandesso, Emanuela; Gullett, Brian; Tabor, Dennis] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov FU EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Special thanks are due Steve Terll for his help in setting up the experiments; to Barbara Wyrzykowska for HAMS analysis; Peter Kariher, Renata Krzyzynska, and Pamela Barfield for the IC analyses. This research was performed at the U.S. EPA and supported in part by an appointment to the Postdoctoral Research Program at the EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3887 EP 3894 DI 10.1021/es103686t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400015 PM 21469704 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Mills, MA Cade, BS Burkard, LP AF Walters, David M. Mills, Marc A. Cade, Brian S. Burkard, Lawrence P. TI Trophic Magnification of PCBs and Its Relationship to the Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DIPHENYL ETHERS PBDES; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOMAGNIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICALS; MODEL; FISH AB We investigated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation relative to octanol-water partition coefficient (K(OW)) and organism trophic position (TP) at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (South Carolina). We measured PCBs (127 congeners) and stable isotopes (delta(15)N) in sediment, organic matter, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. TP, as calculated from delta(15)N, was significantly, positively related to PCB concentrations, and food web trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranged from 1.5--6.6 among congeners. TMFs of individual congeners increased strongly with log K(OW), as did the predictive power (r(2)) of individual TP-PCB regression models used to calculate TMFs. We developed log K(OW)-TMF models for eight food webs with vastly different environments (freshwater, marine, arctic, temperate) and species composition (cold- vs warmblooded consumers). The effect of K(OW) on congener TMFs varied strongly across food webs (model slopes 0.0-15.0) because the range of TMFs among studies was also highly variable. We standardized TMFs within studies to mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1 to normalize for scale differences and found a remarkably consistent K(OW) effect on TMFs (no difference in model slopes among food webs). Our findings underscore the importance of hydrophobicity (as characterized by K(OW)) in regulating bioaccumulation of recalcitrant compounds in aquatic systems, and demonstrate that relationships between chemical K(OW) and bioaccumulation from field studies are more generalized than previously recognized. C1 [Walters, David M.; Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Burkard, Lawrence P.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3917 EP 3924 DI 10.1021/es103158s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400019 PM 21466215 ER PT J AU Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Otero-Santos, S Cao, Y Bernbaum, JC Rogan, WJ AF Valentin-Blasini, Liza Blount, Benjamin C. Otero-Santos, Samaret Cao, Yang Bernbaum, Judy C. Rogan, Walter J. TI Perchlorate Exposure and Dose Estimates in Infants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; HUMAN-MILK; BREAST-MILK; IODINE; CREATININE; EXCRETION; URINE; CHILDREN; BENEFITS; QUALITY AB Perchlorate is a naturally occurring inorganic anion used as a component of solid rocket fuel, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Sufficiently high perchlorate intakes can modify thyroid function by competitively inhibiting iodide uptake in adults; however, little is known about perchlorate exposure and health effects in infants. Food intake models predict that infants have higher perchlorate exposure doses than adults. For this reason, we measured perchlorate and related anions (nitrate, thiccyanate, and iodide) in 206 urine samples from 92 infants ages 1-377 days and calculated perchlorate intake dose for this sample of infants. The median estimated exposure dose for this sample of infants was 0.160 mu g/kg/day. Of the 205 individual dose estimates, 9% exceeded the reference dose of 0.7 mu g/kg/day; 6% of infants providing multiple samples had multiple perchlorate dose estimates above the reference dose. Estimated exposure dose differed by feeding method: breast-fed infants had a higher perchlorate exposure dose (geometric mean 0.220 mu g/kg/day) than infants consuming cow milk-based formula (geometric mean 0.103 mu g/kg/day, p < 0.0001) or soy-based formula (geometric mean 0.027 mu g/kg/day, p < 0.0001), consistent with dose estimates based on dietary intake data. The ability of perchlorate to block adequate iodide uptake by the thyroid may have been reduced by the iodine-sufficient status of the infants studied (median urinary iodide 125 mu g/L). Further research is needed to see whether these perchlorate intake doses lead to any health effects. C1 [Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Blount, Benjamin C.; Otero-Santos, Samaret] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cao, Yang] Second Mil Med Univ, Fac Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Stat, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Bernbaum, Judy C.] Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rogan, Walter J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BBlount@cdc.gov RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012; OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160; Cao, Yang/0000-0002-3552-9153 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 4127 EP 4132 DI 10.1021/es103160j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400048 PM 21449579 ER PT J AU Flotemersch, JE Stribling, JB Hughes, RM Reynolds, L Paul, MJ Wolter, C AF Flotemersch, J. E. Stribling, J. B. Hughes, R. M. Reynolds, L. Paul, M. J. Wolter, C. TI SITE LENGTH FOR BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOATABLE RIVERS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE reach length; non-wadeable; electrofishing distance; bioassessment; sampling effort; fish; benthic macroinvertebrates; algae ID SPECIES-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP; RAFTABLE OREGON RIVERS; LARGE LOWLAND RIVER; FISH-BASED INDEX; SAMPLING EFFORT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; BIOASSESSMENT PROTOCOL AB There is increasing international interest by water resource management agencies worldwide in developing the capacity for quantitative bioassessments of boatable rivers. This interest stems from legal mandates requiring assessments, plus growing recognition of the threats to such systems from multiple and co-varying stressors (e. g. chemical pollutants, physical habitat alterations, altered flow regimes, channel modifications and alien species). The elevated cost and inefficiencies of jurisdictionally- and taxonomically-segregated assessments is widely recognized, as is the desire to obtain comparable data that can be easily shared among political jurisdictions and ecological regions. The objectives, sampling methods, indicators, site-scale sampling designs and geographic extent of the resources being sampled differ among programmes, thereby limiting such data exchanges. Our objective in this paper is to review major biological assessment design alternatives for boatable rivers, with special attention given to the sample site length from which data are collected. We suggest that sufficient site length determinations should be based on the survey objectives, the relative heterogeneity of the habitat template, and the quality of data necessary for meeting programmatic data quality objectives. Future sampling effort studies should be designed to allow separate samples of several short sub-sites at many diverse sites to generate multiple data points for each site. Data from those multiple sub-sites should be analysed using randomization-based data evaluation methods. We hope that our recommendations will be useful to the maximum number of institutions, including those with limited funds and a purely local focus, as well as those responsible for sampling at continental geographic extents. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Flotemersch, J. E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stribling, J. B.; Paul, M. J.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Hughes, R. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Reynolds, L.] US EPA, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. [Wolter, C.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. RP Flotemersch, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM flotemersch.joseph@epa.gov RI Wolter, Christian/F-6210-2014 FU Oregon State University [CR831682-01] FX This paper received USEPA review and was approved for publication. USEPA cooperative agreement CR831682-01 to Oregon State University partially funded paper preparation. Jeroen Gerritsen, Alan Herlihy, Phil Kaufmann, Terry Maret, Blaine Snyder and Chris Yoder participated in many discussions on the topic that helped sharpen our thought process, and Jeroen Gerritsen assisted in the statistical re-analysis of the site length datasets. The paper was improved by critical comments from three anonymous reviewers and edited and formatted by Justicia Rhodus. NR 129 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 520 EP 535 DI 10.1002/rra.1367 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 762EP UT WOS:000290456000008 ER PT J AU Boobis, A Budinsky, R Collie, S Crofton, K Embry, M Felter, S Hertzberg, R Kopp, D Mihlan, G Mumtaz, M Price, P Solomon, K Teuschler, L Yang, R Zaleski, R AF Boobis, Alan Budinsky, Robert Collie, Shanna Crofton, Kevin Embry, Michelle Felter, Susan Hertzberg, Richard Kopp, David Mihlan, Gary Mumtaz, Moiz Price, Paul Solomon, Keith Teuschler, Linda Yang, Raymond Zaleski, Rosemary TI Critical analysis of literature on low-dose synergy for use in screening chemical mixtures for risk assessment SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Chemical mixtures; low dose; risk assessment; synergy; TTC ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; FOCI DEVELOPMENT; TERNARY MIXTURE; HEALTH-RISK; TOXICOLOGY; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; ENHANCEMENT; COMBINATION AB There is increasing interest in the use of tiered approaches in risk assessment of mixtures or co-exposures to chemicals for prioritization. One possible screening-level risk assessment approach is the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC). To date, default assumptions of dose or response additivity have been used to characterize the toxicity of chemical mixtures. Before a screening-level approach could be used, it is essential to know whether synergistic interactions can occur at low, environmentally relevant exposure levels. Studies demonstrating synergism in mammalian test systems were identified from the literature, with emphasis on studies performed at doses close to the points of departure (PODs) for individual chemicals. This search identified 90 studies on mixtures. Few included quantitative estimates of low-dose synergy; calculations of the magnitude of interaction were included in only 11 papers. Quantitative methodology varied across studies in terms of the null hypothesis, response measured, POD used to test for synergy, and consideration of the slope of the dose-response curve. It was concluded that consistent approaches should be applied for quantification of synergy, including that synergy be defined in terms of departure from dose additivity; uniform procedures be developed for assessing synergy at low exposures; and the method for determining the POD for calculating synergy be standardized. After evaluation of the six studies that provided useful quantitative estimates of synergy, the magnitude of synergy at low doses did not exceed the levels predicted by additive models by more than a factor of 4. C1 [Embry, Michelle] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Boobis, Alan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Budinsky, Robert; Price, Paul] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Collie, Shanna] Synergy Toxicol, Boerne, TX USA. [Crofton, Kevin] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Felter, Susan] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hertzberg, Richard; Kopp, David] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mihlan, Gary] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mumtaz, Moiz] Ctr Dis Control, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Solomon, Keith] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Teuschler, Linda] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Yang, Raymond] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zaleski, Rosemary] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. RP Embry, M (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM membry@ilsi.org RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X FU HESI Mixtures Committee FX The employment affiliations of the authors are shown on the cover page. These individuals had the sole responsibility for the writing and content of the paper. The individual authors worked as professionals in preparing the article and not as agents of their employers. The literature review used as the basis of this article was performed by three of the authors (R. H., S. C., and D. K.) and funded by the HESI Mixtures Committee, which collects funding from member companies to support the project. Four of the authors (A. B., D. K., K. S., and R.Y.) are affiliated with universities, two authors (R. H. and S. C.) are independent consultants providing services to public and private organizations, three of the authors* are affiliated with government agencies, one author (M. E.) is affiliated with a nonprofit organization and six of the authors (R. B., S. F., G. M., P. P., and R.Z.) are employed by private corporations. Government and academic committee participants were reimbursed for travel expenses to attend committee meetings and did not receive any other compensation. (*The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policy of the US EPA or the Centers for Disease Control, ATSDR.) NR 42 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 40 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 5 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.3109/10408444.2010.543655 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 760MX UT WOS:000290329500001 PM 21309635 ER PT J AU Arrandale, VH Brauer, M Brook, JR Brunekreef, B Gold, DR London, SJ Miller, JD Oezkaynak, H Ries, NM Sears, MR Silverman, FS Takaro, TK AF Arrandale, Victoria H. Brauer, Michael Brook, Jeffrey R. Brunekreef, Bert Gold, Diane R. London, Stephanie J. Miller, J. David Oezkaynak, Haluk Ries, Nola M. Sears, Malcolm R. Silverman, Frances S. Takaro, Tim K. TI Exposure Assessment in Cohort Studies of Childhood Asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE childhood asthma; cohort studies; exposure assessment ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; GERMAN MULTICENTER ALLERGY; PIAMA BIRTH COHORT; IN-HOUSE DUST; AIR-POLLUTION; TOBACCO-SMOKE; INDOOR AIR; EARLY-LIFE; BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION; HOME CHARACTERISTICS AB BACKGROUND: The environment is suspected to play an important role in the development of childhood asthma. Cohort studies are a powerful observational design for studying exposure-response relationships, but their power depends in part upon the accuracy of the exposure assessment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss issues that make accurate exposure assessment a challenge and to suggest strategies for improving exposure assessment in longitudinal cohort studies of childhood asthma and allergies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Exposures of interest need to be prioritized, because a single study cannot measure all potentially relevant exposures. Hypotheses need to be based on proposed mechanisms, critical time windows for effects, prior knowledge of physical, physiologic, and immunologic development, as well as genetic pathways potentially influenced by the exposures. Modifiable exposures are most important from the public health perspective. Given the interest in evaluating gene-environment interactions, large cohort sizes are required, and planning for data pooling across independent studies is critical. Collection of additional samples, possibly through subject participation, will permit secondary analyses. Models combining air quality, environmental, and dose data provide exposure estimates across large cohorts but can still be improved. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure is best characterized through a combination of information sources. Improving exposure assessment is critical for reducing measurement error and increasing power, which increase confidence in characterization of children at risk, leading to improved health outcomes. C1 [Brook, Jeffrey R.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Arrandale, Victoria H.; Brook, Jeffrey R.; Silverman, Frances S.] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Gage Occupat & Environm Hlth Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Brauer, Michael] Univ British Columbia, Sch Environm Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Brunekreef, Bert] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Div Environm Epidemiol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Gold, Diane R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [London, Stephanie J.] NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Miller, J. David] Carleton Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ries, Nola M.] Univ Alberta, Hlth Law Inst, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Ries, Nola M.] Univ Victoria, Fac Law, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Ries, Nola M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Sears, Malcolm R.] McMaster Univ, Firestone Inst Resp Hlth, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Takaro, Tim K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Brook, JR (reprint author), Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, 4905 Dufferin Sreet, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM Jeff.Brook@ec.gc.ca OI brunekreef, bert/0000-0001-9908-0060; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290; Brauer, Michael/0000-0002-9103-9343 FU AllerGen NCE Inc. FX This work was supported by AllerGen NCE Inc. (the Allergy, Genes and Environment Network), a member of the Networks of Centres of Excellence Canada program. NR 99 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 119 IS 5 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002267 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 757MK UT WOS:000290089800021 PM 21081299 ER PT J AU Roman, HA Walsh, TL Coull, BA Dewailly, E Guallar, E Hattis, D Marien, K Schwartz, J Stern, AH Virtanen, JK Rice, G AF Roman, Henry A. Walsh, Tyra L. Coull, Brent A. Dewailly, Eric Guallar, Eliseo Hattis, Dale Marien, Koenraad Schwartz, Joel Stern, Alan H. Virtanen, Jyrki K. Rice, Glenn TI Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Effects of Methylmercury Exposures: Current Evidence Supports Development of a Dose-Response Function for Regulatory Benefits Analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular; dose-response function; health impact analysis; mercury; methylmercury; myocardial infarction ID VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MERCURIC-CHLORIDE; FISH CONSUMPTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; AUTONOMIC FUNCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EASTERN FINLAND AB BACKGROUND: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has estimated the neurological benefits of reductions in prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in past assessments of rules controlling mercury (Hg) emissions. A growing body of evidence suggests that MeHg exposure can also lead to increased risks of adverse cardiovascular impacts in exposed populations. DATA EXTRACTION: The U.S. EPA assembled the authors of this article to participate in a workshop, where we reviewed the current science concerning cardiovascular health effects of MeHg exposure via fish and seafood consumption and provided recommendations concerning whether cardiovascular health effects should be included in future Hg regulatory impact analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: We found the body of evidence exploring the link between MeHg and acute myocardial infarction (MI) to be sufficiently strong to support its inclusion in future benefits analyses, based both on direct epidemiological evidence of an MeHg-MI link and on MeHg's association with intermediary impacts that contribute to MI risk. Although additional research in this area would be beneficial to further clarify key characteristics of this relationship and the biological mechanisms that underlie it, we consider the current epidemiological literature sufficiently robust to support the development of a dose-response function. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the development of a dose-response function relating MeHg exposures with MIs for use in regulatory benefits analyses of future rules targeting Hg air emissions. C1 [Roman, Henry A.; Walsh, Tyra L.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Coull, Brent A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dewailly, Eric] Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Hlth & Environm Grp, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Guallar, Eliseo] Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Hattis, Dale] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Marien, Koenraad] Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Environm Hlth Assessment, Olympia, WA USA. [Schwartz, Joel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Virtanen, Jyrki K.] Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Publ Hlth & Clin Nutr, Kuopio, Finland. [Rice, Glenn] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Roman, HA (reprint author), Ind Econ Inc, 2067 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM hroman@indecon.com RI Virtanen, Jyrki/G-5149-2013; Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014 OI Virtanen, Jyrki/0000-0002-0648-999X; Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Air and Radiation; U.S. EPA [EP-D-09-054] FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Air and Radiation, including funding for the authors' participation in and travel to a workshop in Washington, DC.; The information described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. EPA under contract EP-D-09-054 to Industrial Economics, Inc., but does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 75 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 119 IS 5 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1289/ehp.1003012 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 757MK UT WOS:000290089800023 PM 21220222 ER PT J AU Brook, RD Shin, HH Bard, RL Burnett, RT Vette, A Croghan, C Thornburg, J Rodes, C Williams, R AF Brook, Robert D. Shin, Hwashin H. Bard, Robert L. Burnett, Richard T. Vette, Alan Croghan, Carry Thornburg, Jonathan Rodes, Charles Williams, Ron TI Exploration of the Rapid Effects of Personal Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Arterial Hemodynamics and Vascular Function during the Same Day SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE endothelium; heart rate; particulate matter air pollution; personal exposure monitoring; sympathetic nervous system ID AIR-POLLUTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; AMBIENT; ASSOCIATIONS; PARTICLES; INDOOR; REACTIVITY; MEDIATORS; OUTDOOR AB BACKGROUND: Levels of fine particulate matter [<= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] are associated with alterations in arterial hemodynamics and vascular function. However, the characteristics of the same-day exposure-response relationships remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the effects of personal PM2.5 exposures within the preceding 24 hr on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), brachial artery diameter (BAD), endothelial function [flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)], and nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NMD). METHODS: Fifty-one nonsmoking subjects had up to 5 consecutive days of 24-hr personal PM2.5 monitoring and daily cardiovascular (CV) measurements during summer and/or winter periods. The associations between integrated hour-long total personal PM2.5 exposure (TPE) levels (continuous nephelometry among compliant subjects with low secondhand tobacco smoke exposures; n = 30) with the CV outcomes were assessed over a 24-hr period by linear mixed models. RESULTS: We observed the strongest associations (and smallest estimation errors) between HR and TPE recorded 1-10 hr before CV measurements. The associations were not pronounced for the other time lags (11-24 hr). The associations between TPE and FMD or BAD did not show as clear a temporal pattern. However, we found some suggestion of a negative association with FMD and a positive association with BAD related to TPE just before measurement (0-2 hr). CONCLUSIONS: Brief elevations in ambient TPE levels encountered during routine daily activity were associated with small increases in HR and trends toward conduit arterial vasodilatation and endothelial dysfunction within a few hours of exposure. These responses could reflect acute PM2.5-induced autonomic imbalance and may factor in the associated rapid increase in CV risk among susceptible individuals. C1 [Brook, Robert D.; Bard, Robert L.] Univ Michigan, Div Cardiovasc Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shin, Hwashin H.; Burnett, Richard T.] Hlth Canada, Biostat & Epidemiol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Vette, Alan; Croghan, Carry; Williams, Ron] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thornburg, Jonathan; Rodes, Charles] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Brook, RD (reprint author), 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr,POB 322, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. EM robdbrok@umich.edu RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; RTI International [68-D-00-012]; Battelle Columbus Laboratory [EP-D-04-068]; Alion Science and Technology [68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065]; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P15887/C7915]; National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR000042] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and conducted the research under contract 68-D-00-012 (RTI International), EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratory), and 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 (Alion Science and Technology). This study was also supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (contract EP-P15887/C7915) and by National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center grant M01-RR000042. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 119 IS 5 BP 688 EP 694 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002107 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 757MK UT WOS:000290089800036 PM 21681997 ER PT J AU Bucher, JR Thayer, K Birnbaum, LS AF Bucher, John R. Thayer, Kristina Birnbaum, Linda S. TI The Office of Health Assessment and Translation: A Problem-Solving Resource for the National Toxicology Program SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bucher, John R.; Thayer, Kristina; Birnbaum, Linda S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bucher, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM bucher@niehs.nih.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 119 IS 5 BP A196 EP A197 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103645 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 757MK UT WOS:000290089800001 PM 21531652 ER PT J AU Parvez, S Rivera-Nunez, Z Meyer, A Wright, JM AF Parvez, Shahid Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar Meyer, Amy Wright, J. Michael TI Temporal variability in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid concentrations in Massachusetts public drinking water systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Exposure misclassification; Exposure variability; Seasonality; Disinfection by-products; Drinking water ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; MUTAGENIC-ACTIVITY; CHLORAL HYDRATE; MALE B6C3F(1); FETAL-GROWTH AB Previous epidemiological studies in Massachusetts have reported a risk of adverse health outcomes in relation to disinfection by-product (DBP) exposures. Measurement error due to the use of indirect exposure surrogates can lead to misclassification bias in epidemiological studies; therefore, it is important to characterize exposure variability in these populations to assess the potential for exposure misclassification. We used 19,944 trihalomethane (THM) samples and 9291 haloacetic acid (HAA) samples collected in 201 public water systems (PWSs) in Massachusetts to examine temporal variability under different drinking water sources and disinfection types. Annual and seasonal variability was also examined in 46 PWSs with complete quarterly THM4 (i.e., the sum of 4 individual THMs) data from 1995 to 2004 and 19 PWSs with complete HAA5 (i.e., the sum of 5 individual HAAs) data from 2001 to 2004. The quarterly ratio of THM4 and HAAS and correlations between THM4. HAAS and individual DBP species were examined to determine the adequacy of using different exposure surrogates in epidemiological studies. Individual PWSs were used to examine monthly variability in relation to quarterly averages. Based on all available matched samples (n=9003) from 1995 to 2004 data, we found a correlation of 0.52 for THM4 and HAA5. The correlation was stronger among the 62 ground water systems (r(s)=0.62) compared to the 81 surface water (r(s)=0.45) and 40 mixed water (r(s)=0.39) systems. Mean THM4 levels were fairly stable over the 10-year study period for 46 PWSs including 39 PWSs that did not change disinfection. Large reductions (similar to 40 mu g/L) in mean THM4 data were found among seven systems that switched from chlorination to alternative disinfectants. As expected, the highest mean THM4 values were detected for Quarter 3, while the lowest values were found in Quarter 1. The highest HAAS values were detected in Quarters 2 and 3 and the lowest was found in Quarter 4. Data from four systems showed mean differences up to 66 mu g/L (67% change) in successive months and by 46 mu g/L compared to quarterly mean concentrations. Although longer-term disinfection by-product temporality may be minimal in this study population, the use of monthly average concentrations for exposure assessment may be needed for some PWSs to minimize misclassification of narrow critical periods of exposure in epidemiological studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wright, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Parvez, Shahid; Meyer, Amy] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar] CNR, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov RI Parvez, Shahid/J-3390-2013 NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 111 IS 4 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.12.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758DS UT WOS:000290141600004 PM 21316653 ER PT J AU Karacan, CO Ruiz, FA Cote, M Phipps, S AF Karacan, C. Oezgen Ruiz, Felicia A. Cote, Michael Phipps, Sally TI Coal mine methane: A review of capture and utilization practices with benefits to mining safety and to greenhouse gas reduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Coal mine methane; Mining safety; Methane drainage; Ventilation air methane; Methane utilization; Greenhouse gas reduction ID VENTHOLE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; LONGWALL OVERBURDEN; STABILITY ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GATES FORMATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RUHR BASIN; EMISSIONS; SORPTION AB Coal mine methane (CMM) is a term given to the methane gas produced or emitted in association with coal mining activities either from the coal seam itself or from other gassy formations underground. The amount of CMM generated at a specific operation depends on the productivity of the coal mine, the gassiness of the coal seam and any underlying and overlying formations, operational variables, and geological conditions. CMM can be captured by engineered boreholes that augment the mine's ventilation system or it can be emitted into the mine environment and exhausted from the mine shafts along with ventilation air. The large amounts of methane released during mining present concerns about adequate mine ventilation to ensure worker safety, but they also can create opportunities to generate energy if this gas is captured and utilized properly. This article reviews the technical aspects of CMM capture in and from coal mines, the main factors affecting CMM accumulations in underground coal mines, methods for capturing methane using boreholes, specific borehole designs for effective methane capture, aspects of removing methane from abandoned mines and from sealed/active gobs of operating mines, benefits of capturing and controlling CMM for mine safety, and benefits for energy production and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Karacan, C. Oezgen] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ruiz, Felicia A.] US EPA, Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, Washington, DC USA. [Cote, Michael; Phipps, Sally] Ruby Canyon Engn, Grand Junction, CO USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov NR 124 TC 207 Z9 220 U1 17 U2 191 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 86 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2011.02.009 PG 36 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 761BT UT WOS:000290370400001 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, Barbara TI Inside the radar: select elements in nanomaterials and sustainable nanotechnology SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; LANTHANUM; TOXICITY; CERIUM AB Rare earth elements and several metals formerly uncommon in commerce are being introduced into new products, particularly as nanoscaled materials. Until recently, little attention has been paid to their sustainability issues. This perspective addresses these elements, their commercial uses, health and environment issues, sustainability, and suggests a path forward. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Karn, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bkarn@nsf.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1189 DI 10.1039/c1em10049a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758LR UT WOS:000290166800006 PM 21509401 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Rogers, K Patra, M Suo, ZY Allen, AJ Martin, MN Hackley, VA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Rogers, Kim Patra, Manomita Suo, Zhiyong Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Matthew N. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Challenges for physical characterization of silver nanoparticles under pristine and environmentally relevant conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANO-SILVER; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RELEASE; RIVER AB The reported size distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is strongly affected by the underlying measurement method, agglomeration state, and dispersion conditions. A selection of AgNP materials with vendor-reported diameters ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm, various size distributions, and biocompatible capping agents including citrate, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone were studied. AgNPs were diluted with either deionized water, moderately hard reconstituted water, or moderately hard reconstituted water containing natural organic matter. Rigorous physico-chemical characterization by consensus methods and protocols where available enables an understanding of how the underlying measurement method impacts the reported size measurements, which in turn provides a more complete understanding of the state (size, size distribution, agglomeration, etc.) of the AgNPs with respect to the dispersion conditions. An approach to developing routine screening is also presented. C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Allen, Andrew J.; Martin, Matthew N.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Matthew N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rogers, Kim; Patra, Manomita; Suo, Zhiyong] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov; rogers.kim@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; NIST, University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number CHE-0535644. Dr Jan Ilavsky, X-ray Science Division, and Dr Yu-Sheng Chen, ChemMatCARS, both from the Advanced Photon Source, are acknowledged for assistance with measurements. M.N.M. acknowledges support under the NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 57 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1226 DI 10.1039/c1em10024f PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758LR UT WOS:000290166800010 PM 21416095 ER PT J AU Ananthanarayanan, M Li, YF Surapureddi, S Balasubramaniyan, N Ahn, J Goldstein, JA Suchy, FJ AF Ananthanarayanan, M. Li, Yanfeng Surapureddi, S. Balasubramaniyan, N. Ahn, Jaeyong Goldstein, J. A. Suchy, Frederick J. TI Histone H3K4 trimethylation by MLL3 as part of ASCOM complex is critical for NR activation of bile acid transporter genes and is downregulated in cholestasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatoma cells; microarray; epigenetics; gene regulation; activating signal cointegrator-2-containing complex; H3 lysine 4; nuclear receptors; mixed lineage leukemia 3 ID NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COREGULATORS; CLINICAL-IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR REGULATION; LIVER; COACTIVATORS; EXPRESSION; CHROMATIN; DISEASE; LIGAND; MICE AB The nuclear receptor Farnesoid x receptor (FXR) is a critical regulator of multiple genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. The coactivators attracted to promoters of FXR target genes and epigenetic modifications that occur after ligand binding to FXR have not been completely defined, and it is unknown whether these processes are disrupted during cholestasis. Using a microarray, we identified decreased expression of mixed lineage leukemia 3 (MLL3), a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyl transferase at 1 and 3 days of post-common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis (ChIP) analysis revealed that H3K4me3 of transporter promoters by MLL3 as part of activating signal cointegrator-2 -containing complex (ASCOM) is essential for activation of bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2), and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) genes by FXR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Knockdown of nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6) or MLL3/MLL4 mRNAs by small interfering RNA treatment led to a decrease in BSEP and NTCP mRNA levels in hepatoma cells. Human BSEP promoter transactivation by FXR/RXR was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by NCOA6 cDNA coexpression and decreased by AdsiNCOA6 infection in HepG2 cells. GST-pull down assays showed that domain 3 and 5 of NCOA6 (LXXLL motifs) interacted with FXR and that the interaction with domain 5 was enhanced by chenodeoxycholic acid. In vivo ChIP assays in HepG2 cells revealed ligand-dependent recruitment of ASCOM complex to FXR element in BSEP and GR element in NTCP promoters, respectively. ChIP analysis demonstrated significantly diminished recruitment of ASCOM complex components and H3K4me3 to Bsep and Mrp2 promoter FXR elements in mouse livers after CBDL. Taken together, these data show that the "H3K4me3" epigenetic mark is essential to activation of BSEP, NTCP, and MRP2 genes by nuclear receptors and is downregulated in cholestasis. C1 [Ananthanarayanan, M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Digest Dis, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Ananthanarayanan, M.; Li, Yanfeng; Balasubramaniyan, N.; Ahn, Jaeyong; Suchy, Frederick J.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. [Balasubramaniyan, N.; Suchy, Frederick J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Res Inst, Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO USA. [Surapureddi, S.; Goldstein, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ananthanarayanan, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Digest Dis, 300 Cedar St,TACS230, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. EM mananthanarayanan@gmail.com RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-084434]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES02124] FX This study was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant DK-084434 (to F. J. Suchy and M. Ananthanarayanan) and by the Intramural Research Program of NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under NIH Intramural Project Number Z01ES02124 (to S. Surapureddi and J. A. Goldstein). NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 300 IS 5 BP G771 EP G781 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00499.2010 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 755NK UT WOS:000289938700012 PM 21330447 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Alexis, NE Rappold, AG Kehrl, H Hazucha, MJ Lay, JC Schmitt, MT Case, M Devlin, RB Peden, DB Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Kim, Chong S. Alexis, Neil E. Rappold, Ana G. Kehrl, Howard Hazucha, Milan J. Lay, John C. Schmitt, Mike T. Case, Martin Devlin, Robert B. Peden, David B. Diaz-Sanchez, David TI Lung Function and Inflammatory Responses in Healthy Young Adults Exposed to 0.06 ppm Ozone for 6.6 Hours SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pulmonary function; airway inflammation; polymorphism; ozone exposure; exercise ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION CHANGES; S-TRANSFERASE M1; TRIANGULAR PROFILES; 6.6-HOUR EXPOSURE; MODERATE EXERCISE; SQUARE-WAVE; HUMANS; AIRWAYS; REPRODUCIBILITY; INHALATION AB Rationale: Exposure to ozone causes a decrease in spirometric lung function and an increase in airway inflammation in healthy young adults at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm, close to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground level ozone. Objectives: To test whether airway effects occur below the current ozone standard and if they are more pronounced in potentially susceptible individuals, such as those deficient in the antioxidant gene glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1). Methods: Pulmonary function and subjective symptoms were measured in 59 healthy young adults (19-35 yr) immediately before and after exposure to 0.0 (clean air, CA) and 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours in a chamber while undergoing intermittent moderate exercise. The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx was measured in 24 subjects 16 to 18 hours postexposure. Measurements and Main Results: Subjects experienced a significantly greater (P = 0.008) change in FEV1 (+/- SE) immediately after exposure to 0.06 ppm ozone compared with CA (-1.71 +/- 0.50% vs. -0.002 +/- 0.45%). The decrement in FVC was also greater (P = 0.02) after ozone versus CA (-2.32 +/- 0.41% vs. -1.13 +/- 0.34%). Similarly, changes in %PMN were greater after ozone (54.0 +/- 4.6%) than CA (38.3 +/- 3.7%) exposure (P < 0.001). Symptom scores were not different between ozone versus CA. There were no significant differences in changes in FEV1, FVC, and %PMN between subjects with GSTM1-positive and GSTM1-null genotypes. Conclusions: Exposure of healthy young adults to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours causes a significant decrement of FEV1 and an increase in neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. GSTM1 genotype alone appears to have no significant role in modifying the effects. C1 [Kim, Chong S.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div MD 58B, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Alexis, Neil E.; Hazucha, Milan J.; Lay, John C.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div MD 58B, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.chong@epa.gov RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR83346301]; National Institutes of Health [RC1ES018417, R01ES012706] FX Supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Internal Fund, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cooperative agreement CR83346301, and National Institutes of Health grants RC1ES018417 and R01ES012706 (D.B.P.). NR 33 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 183 IS 9 BP 1215 EP 1221 DI 10.1164/rccm.201011-1813OC PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 756IO UT WOS:000290005100017 PM 21216881 ER PT J AU Galmarini, S Rao, ST AF Galmarini, Stefano Rao, S. Trivikrama TI The AQMEII two-continent Regional Air Quality Model evaluation study: Fueling ideas with unprecedented data SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Galmarini, Stefano] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil Ispra, Ispra, Italy. [Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Galmarini, S (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil Ispra, Ispra, Italy. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 14 BP 2464 EP 2464 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.025 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755JQ UT WOS:000289926700016 ER PT J AU Hagler, GSW Tang, W Freeman, MJ Heist, DK Perry, SG Vette, AF AF Hagler, Gayle S. W. Tang, Wei Freeman, Matthew J. Heist, David K. Perry, Steven G. Vette, Alan F. TI Model evaluation of roadside barrier impact on near-road air pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Near-road; Barriers; Traffic; Air pollution; CFD; Modeling ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENT SCHMIDT NUMBER; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; NOISE BARRIERS; POLLUTANTS; DISPERSION; DOWNWIND; QUALITY; RALEIGH AB Roadside noise barriers are common features along major highways in urban regions and are anticipated to have important effects on near-road air pollution through altering the dispersion of traffic emissions and resulting downstream concentrations. A 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 6-lane road model has been developed to simulate roadside barrier effects on near-road air quality and evaluate the influence of key variables, such as barrier height and wind direction. The CFD model matches an existing wind tunnel road model and comparison with the wind tunnel data guided the selection of the optimal turbulence model (Realizeable k-epsilon turbulence model with a Schmidt number of 1.0). Under winds perpendicular to the road, CFD model simulations show that roadside barriers reduce the concentration of an inert gaseous tracer (chi), relative to a no-barrier situation, vertically up to approximately half the barrier height and at all horizontal distances from the road. At 20 m (3.3H, where H = 6 m) from the road, barriers of heights ranging from 0.5H to 3.0H reduce the maximum concentrations by 15-61% relative to a no-barrier case, with the location of the maximum shifted to occur near the top of the barrier. The near-road reduction comes at a penalty for on-road air pollutant concentrations: on-road pollution is projected to increase by a factor of 1.1-2.3 corresponding to barriers ranging from 0.5H to 3.0H. When the noise barrier is downwind of the road, a stagnant zone is formed behind the barrier and minor road emissions (e.g., 5% of the highway emissions strength) in this zone, such as a moderately traveled service road, have a magnified effect on concentrations immediately behind the barrier. Wind direction and barrier termination also play a critical role, with a spill-over of accumulated emissions upwind of the barrier strongly increasing near-road concentrations at one end of the barrier. These results imply that roadside barriers may mitigate near-road air pollution, although local meteorology, the barrier structure, and the degree of lee-side emission sources are critical factors determining the outcome. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hagler, Gayle S. W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tang, Wei; Freeman, Matthew J.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Informat Syst & Global Serv, Durham, NC USA. [Heist, David K.; Perry, Steven G.; Vette, Alan F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hagler, GSW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hagler.gayle@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; FU U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development FX This research was funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development. This research would not be possible without the support of Joe Retzer and Heidi Paulsen with EPA's Environmental Modeling and Visualization Center. We also would like to thank Mike Uhl from Lockheed Martin's Information Systems & Global Services group. Computational resources were managed by EPA's High Performance Computing center. Authors would also like to thank several members of EPA's near-road team contributing to research related to mitigation of near-road impact by barriers, including Richard Baldauf, Vlad Isakov, Laura Jackson, Dan Costa, Carlos Nunez, Richard Shores, Sue Kimbrough, Eben Thoma, and Jim Hirtz. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 15 BP 2522 EP 2530 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757FA UT WOS:000290069400008 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Rokhina, E Lens, P Jegatheesan, V AF Virkutyte, Jurate Rokhina, Ekaterina Lens, Piet Jegatheesan, Veeriah TI The effect of electrodialytic treatment and Na(2)H(2)EDTA addition on methanogenic activity of copper-amended anaerobic granular sludge: Treatment costs and energy consumption SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electrodialysis; Methanogenic activity; Anaerobic granular sludge; Energy consumption ID HEAVY-METALS; WASTE-WATER; BIOREACTOR; REMOVAL AB The effect of electrodialytic treatment in terms of a current density, pH and Na(2)H(2)EDTA addition on the methanogenic activity of copper-amended anaerobic granular sludge taken from the UASB reactor from paper mill was evaluated. Moreover, the specific energy consumption and simplified operational and treatment costs were calculated. Addition of Na(2)H(2)EDTA (at pH 7.7) to copper-amended sludge resulted in the highest microbial activity (62 mg CH4-COD g VSS-1 day(-1)) suggesting that Na(2)H(2)EDTA decreased the toxic effects of copper on the methanogenic activity of the anaerobic granular sludge. The highest methane production (159 %) was also observed upon Na(2)H(2)EDTA addition and simultaneous electricity application (pH 7.7). The energy consumption during the treatment was 560, 840, 1400 and 1680 kW h m(-3) at current densities of 0.23, 0.34, 0.57 and 0.69 mA cm(-2), respectively. This corresponded to a treatment costs in terms of electricity expenditure from 39.2 to 117.6 epsilon per cubic meter of sludge. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate; Rokhina, Ekaterina] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Lens, Piet] UNESCO IHE, Dept Environm Resources, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Jegatheesan, Veeriah] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Virkutyte, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 419, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Virkutyte.Jurate@epa.gov FU European Community [HPMF-CT-2002-01899] FX This Research was supported through a European Community Marie Curie Fellowship (HPMF-CT-2002-01899) via the programme "Improving Human Research Potential and the Socio-economic Knowledge Base". NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 102 IS 9 BP 5541 EP 5544 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.067 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 756KE UT WOS:000290009300042 PM 21055920 ER PT J AU Trabert, B Longnecker, MP Graubard, BI Klebanoff, MA Stanczyk, FZ McGlynn, KA AF Trabert, Britton Longnecker, Matthew P. Graubard, Barry I. Klebanoff, Mark A. Stanczyk, Frank Z. McGlynn, Katherine A. TI Placental characteristics as a proxy measure of serum hormone and protein levels during pregnancy with a male fetus SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cancer risk; Placental weight; Birth weight; Maternal hormones ID TESTICULAR CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; ESTRIOL LEVELS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL CHARACTERISTICS; UNITED-STATES; MATERNAL RISK; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; AGE AB Objective In utero exposure to steroid hormones may be related to risk of some cancers such as testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). To determine whether placental characteristics are good surrogate measures of maternal biomarker levels, we evaluated the correlations in mothers of sons at higher (whites, n = 150) and lower (blacks, n = 150) risk of TGCT. Associations with birth weight were also examined. Methods All mothers, participants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, were primigravidas who gave birth to male singletons. Associations between placental weight and placental thickness and third-trimester biomarker levels were evaluated using linear regression. Partial correlation coefficients for placental characteristics and birth weight were also estimated. Results Placental weight was positively correlated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, estradiol and estriol in whites, and AFP and estriol in blacks. Placental thickness was not associated with any biomarker. After adjustment for placental weight, birth weight was not correlated with any biomarker. Conclusions In these data, placental weight was modestly correlated with third-trimester biomarker level; however, it appeared to be a better surrogate for third-trimester biomarker level than birth weight. Placental thickness had limited utility as a surrogate measure for biomarker levels. C1 [Trabert, Britton; McGlynn, Katherine A.] NCI, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Longnecker, Matthew P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Graubard, Barry I.] NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Rockville, MD USA. [Klebanoff, Mark A.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Stanczyk, Frank Z.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Stanczyk, Frank Z.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Trabert, B (reprint author), NCI, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd,Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM trabertbl@mail.nih.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Trabert, Britton/F-8051-2015; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU Intramural Research Programs of the National Cancer Institute; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX Support for this research was provided by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Cancer Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s10552-011-9741-8 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754IO UT WOS:000289848500003 PM 21336590 ER PT J AU Wireman, M Stover, B AF Wireman, Mike Stover, Bruce TI News & Views SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Wireman, Mike] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Stover, Bruce] Colorado Div Reclamat Min & Safety, Colorado Inact Mine Reclamat Program, Denver, CO 80203 USA. RP Wireman, M (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM Wireman.Mike@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 310 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00810.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 755CE UT WOS:000289903400005 ER PT J AU Wireman, M Stover, B AF Wireman, Mike Stover, Bruce TI Hard-Rock Mining and Water Resources SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Wireman, Mike] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Stover, Bruce] Colorado Div Reclamat Min & Safety, Colorado Inact Mine Reclamat Program, Denver, CO 80203 USA. RP Wireman, M (reprint author), US EPA, Region 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM Wireman.Mike@epamail.epa.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00818.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 755CE UT WOS:000289903400006 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Hettiarachchi, GM Scheckel, KG AF Lombi, Enzo Hettiarachchi, Ganga M. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI Advanced in situ Spectroscopic Techniques and Their Applications in Environmental Biogeochemistry: Introduction to the Special Section SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; EDGE STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY MICROFLUORESCENCE; SOLID-STATE SPECIATION; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS SPECIATION; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; CONTAMINATED SOILS; ALYSSUM-MURALE; ARSENIC SPECIATION AB Understanding the molecular-scale complexities and interplay of chemical and biological processes of contaminants at solid, liquid, and gas interfaces is a fundamental and crucial element to enhance our understanding of anthropogenic environmental impacts. The ability to describe the complexity of environmental biogeochemical reaction mechanisms relies on our analytical ability through the application and developmemnt of advanced spectroscopic techniques. Accompanying this introductory article are nine papers that either review advanced in situ spectroscopic methods or present original research utilizing these techniques. This collection of articles summarizes the challenges facing environmental biogeochemistry, highlights the recent advances and scientific gaps, and provides an outlook into future research that may benefit from the use of in situ spectroscopic approaches. The use of synchrotron-based techniques and other methods are discussed in detail, as is the importance to integrate multiple analytical approaches to confirm results of complementary procedures or to fill data gaps. We also argue that future direction in research will be driven, in addition to recent analytical developments, by emerging factors such as the need for risk assessment of new materials (i.e., nanotechnologies) and the realization that biogeochemical processes need to be investigated in situ under environmentally relevant conditions. C1 [Lombi, Enzo] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Lombi, Enzo] CRC CARE, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia. [Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2107, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Lombi, E (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Bldg X,Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. EM enzo.lombi@unisa.edu.au RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 96 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 40 IS 3 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0542 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754VO UT WOS:000289886000001 PM 21546653 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Kirby, JK Hettiarachchi, GM Wendling, LA McLaughlin, MJ Khatiwada, R AF Beak, Douglas G. Kirby, Jason K. Hettiarachchi, Ganga M. Wendling, Laura A. McLaughlin, Michael J. Khatiwada, Raju TI Cobalt Distribution and Speciation: Effect of Aging, Intermittent Submergence, In Situ Rice Roots SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; APPLIED SOIL COBALT; NITROGEN FIXATION; PASTURE PLANTS; HEAVY-METALS; SORPTION; MANGANESE; PH; CO(II); IRON AB The speciation and distribution of Co in soils is poorly understood. This study was conducted using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques to examine the influence of soluble cobalt in the +2 oxidation state (Co[II]) aging, submergence-dried cycling, and the presence of in vivo rice roots on the speciation and distribution of added Co(II) in soils. In the aging and submerged-dried cycling studies, Co was found to be associated with Mn oxide fraction (23 to 100% of total Co) and Fe oxide fractions (0 to 77% of total Co) of the soils as either Co(II) species or a mixed Co(II), and Co in the +3 oxidation state (Co[III]) species. The surface speciation of Co in the Mn oxide fraction suggests an innersphere complex was present and the speciation of Co in the Fe oxide fraction was an innersphere surface complex. The in vivo root box experiments showed similar Co speciation in the Mn oxide fraction (13 to 76% of total Co) as the aging and submerged-dried cycling studies. However, the Fe oxide fraction of the soil was unimportant in Co retention. A significant amount (24 to 87% of total Co) of the Co in root box treatments was identified as a Co precipitate. The importance of this finding is that in the presence of rice roots, the Co is redistributed to a Co precipitate. This work confirmed earlier macroscopic work that Mn oxides are important in the sequestration of Co in soils and the influence of roots needs to be taken into account when addressing Co speciation. The information gained from this study will be used to improve models to predict the lability and hence the availability of Co in terrestrial environments. C1 [Kirby, Jason K.] CSIRO Land & Water, Environm Biogeochem Program, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.; Khatiwada, Raju] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wendling, Laura A.] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [McLaughlin, Michael J.] Univ Adelaide, CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Beak, DG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM beak.doug@epa.gov RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014; Kirby, Jason/F-5942-2013; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 FU National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences [EAR-0622171]; Dep. of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; U.S. Dep. of Energy, Office of Science, Offi ce of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Commonwealth of Australia FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments on this manuscript. We would like to thank Garry Foran and Bernt Johannessen at ANBF for bulk XAS data collection. Portions of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences (EAR-0622171) and Dep. of Energy-Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Dep. of Energy, Office of Science, Offi ce of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work at ANBF and GeoSoilEnviroCARS was also supported through travel grants provided by the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Australian Synchrotron Program and Cobalt Development Institute for providing funding for some aspect of this work. The authors would also like to thank P. V. V. Prasad for graciously allowing use of a growth chamber. We would like to acknowledge the contribution of No. 11-042-J from the Kansas Agric. Experiment Stn. The USEPA has not subjected this manuscript to internal policy review. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not necessarily reflect agency policy. Mention of trade names, commercial products, and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Finally, the authors thank the technical support provided by the following CSIRO technical staff-Claire Wright, Gill Cozens, Cathy Fiebiger, Margret Yam, and Caroline Johnston. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 40 IS 3 BP 679 EP 695 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0139 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754VO UT WOS:000289886000003 PM 21546655 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Fisher, DS Owens, LB Jenkins, MB Schomberg, HH Tebes-Stevens, CL Bonta, JV AF Endale, Dinku M. Fisher, Dwight S. Owens, Lloyd B. Jenkins, Michael B. Schomberg, Harry H. Tebes-Stevens, Caroline L. Bonta, James V. TI Runoff Water Quality during Drought in a Zero-Order Georgia Piedmont Pasture: Nitrogen and Total Organic Carbon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SURFACE RUNOFF; LAND-USE; NITRATE; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZER; AMMONIUM; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; TRANSPORT AB Approximately 11% of the Southern Piedmont (1.8 million ha) is used for pasture and hay production, mostly under low-input management. Few studies have investigated in the region long-term nitrogen and carbon losses in surface runoff, which can be significant. We present 1999 to 2009 hydrologic and water quality data from a rotationally grazed, 7.8-ha, zero-order pasture (W1) near Watkinsville in the Georgia Piedmont. Annual rainfall was 176 to 463 mm below the long-term average (1240 mm) in 7 of the 11 yr. There were 20 runoff events during 86 mo of below-average rainfall (deficit period), compared with 54 events during 46 mo of nondeficit period. Mean event flow-weighted concentration (in mg L(-1)) was 0.96 for nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N), 0.97 for ammonium-nitrogen (NH(4)-N), 3.70 for total nitrogen (TN), and 9.12 for total organic carbon (TOC) (n = 43-47; limited due to instrument problem). Nutrient loads (in kg ha(-1) per event) averaged 0.04 for NO(3)-N, 0.03 for NH(4)-N, 0.19 for TN, and 0.54 for TOC. Total loads for N and TOC were 6 to 11 times greater from nondeficit than from deficit periods. The observed N concentrations, while well below maximum drinking water standard limits, could pose risk for eutrophication, which can be stimulated at lower concentrations. However, the ability of headwater streams, such as the one downstream of W1, to reduce nutrient concentrations might partially alleviate this concern. The results of this study point to the need to use a long-term dataset that includes measurements made in drought and wet years when evaluating the efficacy of water quality standards. C1 [Endale, Dinku M.; Fisher, Dwight S.; Jenkins, Michael B.; Schomberg, Harry H.] ARS, USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Owens, Lloyd B.; Bonta, James V.] ARS, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. [Tebes-Stevens, Caroline L.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM Dinku.Endale@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 40 IS 3 BP 969 EP 979 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0411 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754VO UT WOS:000289886000031 PM 21546683 ER PT J AU Richmond-Bryant, J Bukiewicz, L Kalin, R Galarraga, C Mirer, F AF Richmond-Bryant, J. Bukiewicz, L. Kalin, R. Galarraga, C. Mirer, F. TI A multi-site analysis of the association between black carbon concentrations and vehicular idling, traffic, background pollution, and meteorology during school dismissals SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Black carbon; Street canyon; Air quality; Schools; PM2.5 ID OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; AETHALOMETER; CHILDREN; QUALITY; HEALTH AB A study was performed to assess the relationship between black carbon (BC), passing traffic, and vehicular idling outside New York City (NYC) schools during student dismissal. Monitoring, was performed at three school sites in East Harlem, the Bronx, and Brooklyn for 1 month per year over a two-year period from November 2006-October 2008. Monitoring at each site was conducted before and after the Asthma Free School Zone (AFSZ) asthma reduction education program was administered. Real-time equipment with a one-minute averaging interval was used to obtain the BC data, while volume counts of idling and passing school busses, trucks, and automobiles were collected each minute by study staff. These data were matched to ambient PM(2.5) and meteorology data obtained from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. A generalized additive model (GAM) model was run to examine the relationship between BC concentration and each variable while accounting for site-to-site differences. F-tests were employed to assess the significance of each of the predictor variables. The model results suggested that variability in ambient PM(2.5) concentration contributed 24% of the variability in transformed BC concentration, while variability in the number of idling busses and trucks on the street during dismissal contributed 20% of the variability in transformed BC concentration. The results of this study suggest that a combination of urban scale and local traffic control approaches in combination with cessation of school bus idling will produce improved local BC concentration outside schools. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richmond-Bryant, J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bukiewicz, L.; Kalin, R.; Galarraga, C.] Asthma Free Sch Zone, New York, NY 10009 USA. [Mirer, F.] CUNY, Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Richmond-Bryant, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richmond-bryant.jennifer@epa.gov FU New York City Department of Transportation [X501.68] FX The research team kindly acknowledges the New York City Department of Transportation (Contract no. X501.68) for support of this work. For their assistance in the field, we would like to thank Mr. Andrew Burgie, Ms. Christina Miller, Ms. Carolyn Eberle, Ms. Shannon Skinner, Ms. Meghan Valentine, Mr. Robert Engler, Mr. Christopher Saganich, Mr. Luis Venegas, Mr. Jacob Aureus, Mr. Donnell Harvin, Ms. Kristin Cappola, Ms. Bin Yun Zheng, Ms. Bin Qing Zheng, Ms. Alinna Sanders-Prince, Ms. Loretta Krahling, Ms. Monique Canada, Ms. Claudia Dieme, and Ms. Esfir Shamilova. Thanks also to Dr. Molini Patel, Dr. Richard Baldauf, Dr. Mary Ross, and Dr. John Vandenberg for their helpful comments in review of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 11 BP 2085 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 757DW UT WOS:000290066000010 PM 21406309 ER PT J AU Farraj, AK Hazari, MS Cascio, WE AF Farraj, Aimen K. Hazari, Mehdi S. Cascio, Wayne E. TI The Utility of the Small Rodent Electrocardiogram in Toxicology SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE electrocardiogram; rat; mouse; toxicology; heart rate variability; arrhythmia ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; REGIONAL MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VIVO; CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; VENTRICULAR-ARRHYTHMIAS; SURFACE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; COLLATERAL CIRCULATION AB Extensive research has lead to a growing appreciation that the heart is acutely sensitive to a broad array of toxicants via multiple routes of exposure. These agents are as diverse as the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin and environmental agents including ambient air pollution. Adverse effects in the heart often manifest as a change in the electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG has long been used in the clinic to assess human cardiovascular health. Surface electrocardiographic recordings (i.e., those made from the skin) in humans often help to detect abnormal myocardial impulse formation, conduction, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and altered autonomic regulation of the heart. In toxicology, the ECG provides a collection of end points that may be used to assess both the quality and magnitude of cardiac toxicity. Increasingly over the last two decades, the cardiotoxicity of agents have been characterized using small rodent electrocardiography. Additionally, tremendous insight into possible mechanisms of action of known human cardiotoxicants has been gained. Rat and mouse models offer a number of advantages relative to larger animals including lower cost, less variability, the availability of transgenic models, and a plethora of research tools. Modern day advances in small rodent electrocardiography have enabled assessments in conscious unrestrained animals and improved ECG interpretation. Thus, the incorporation of small rodent electrocardiographic assessments into toxicology studies may facilitate the screening of cardiotoxic potential and the elucidation of mechanisms of action. This review will discuss the utility of the small rodent ECG, various methodologies used to derive ECG data in rats and mice, and various applications in toxicology. C1 [Farraj, Aimen K.; Hazari, Mehdi S.; Cascio, Wayne E.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Farraj, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM farraj.aimen@epa.gov NR 136 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 121 IS 1 BP 11 EP 30 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr021 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 753VG UT WOS:000289807200003 PM 21278051 ER PT J AU Xia, MH Shahane, SA Huang, RL Titus, SA Shum, E Zhao, Y Southall, N Zheng, W Witt, KL Tice, RR Austin, CP AF Xia, Menghang Shahane, Sampada A. Huang, Ruili Titus, Steven A. Shum, Enoch Zhao, Yong Southall, Noel Zheng, Wei Witt, Kristine L. Tice, Raymond R. Austin, Christopher P. TI Identification of quaternary ammonium compounds as potent inhibitors of hERG potassium channels SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cardiotoxicity; hERG; Long QT syndrome; NTP 1408 library; Patch clamp; qHTS; Tetra-n-octylammonium bromide; Thallium influx ID K+ CHANNELS; 1,3-DIPHENYLGUANIDINE; PHARMACOLOGY; HEALTH; DRUGS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; PROLONGATION; RESISTANCE; TOXICOLOGY; TAMOXIFEN AB The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel, a member of a family of voltage-gated potassium (K(+)) channels, plays a critical role in the repolarization of the cardiac action potential. The reduction of hERG channel activity as a result of adverse drug effects or genetic mutations may cause QT interval prolongation and potentially leads to acquired long QT syndrome. Thus, screening for hERG channel activity is important in drug development. Cardiotoxicity associated with the inhibition of hERG channels by environmental chemicals is also a public health concern. To assess the inhibitory effects of environmental chemicals on hERG channel function, we screened the National Toxicology Program (NIP) collection of 1408 compounds by measuring thallium influx into cells through hERG channels. Seventeen compounds with hERG channel inhibition were identified with IC(50) potencies ranging from 0.26 to 22 mu M. Twelve of these compounds were confirmed as hERG channel blockers in an automated whole cell patch clamp experiment. In addition, we investigated the structure-activity relationship of seven compounds belonging to the quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) series on hERG channel inhibition. Among four active QAC compounds, tetra-n-octylammonium bromide was the most potent with an IC(50) value of 260 nM in the thallium influx assay and 80 nM in the patch clamp assay. The potency of this class of hERG channel inhibitors appears to depend on the number and length of their aliphatic side-chains surrounding the charged nitrogen. Profiling environmental compound libraries for hERG channel inhibition provides information useful in prioritizing these compounds for cardiotoxicity assessment in vivo. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xia, Menghang; Shahane, Sampada A.; Huang, Ruili; Titus, Steven A.; Southall, Noel; Zheng, Wei; Austin, Christopher P.] NIH, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Shum, Enoch; Zhao, Yong] Cerep Inc, Redmond, WA USA. [Witt, Kristine L.; Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Xia, MH (reprint author), NIH, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mxia@mail.nih.gov RI Southall, Noel/H-8991-2012; OI Southall, Noel/0000-0003-4500-880X; Zheng, Wei/0000-0003-1034-0757 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Y2-ES-7020-01]; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Programs (Interagency agreement #Y2-ES-7020-01) of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Molecular Libraries Program. This article is the work product of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH. The statements, opinions, or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIH or the United States government. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 252 IS 3 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.016 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 757CQ UT WOS:000290062200005 PM 21362439 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Kelty, CA Archibeque, S Jenkins, M Newton, RJ McLellan, SL Huse, SM Sogin, ML AF Shanks, Orin C. Kelty, Catherine A. Archibeque, Shawn Jenkins, Michael Newton, Ryan J. McLellan, Sandra L. Huse, Susan M. Sogin, Mitchell L. TI Community Structures of Fecal Bacteria in Cattle from Different Animal Feeding Operations SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER TREATMENT-PLANT; HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-MARKERS; HEALTHY-ADULTS; RARE BIOSPHERE; BEEF-CATTLE AB The fecal microbiome of cattle plays a critical role not only in animal health and productivity but also in food safety, pathogen shedding, and the performance of fecal pollution detection methods. Unfortunately, most published molecular surveys fail to provide adequate detail about variability in the community structures of fecal bacteria within and across cattle populations. Using massively parallel pyrosequencing of a hypervariable region of the rRNA coding region, we profiled the fecal microbial communities of cattle from six different feeding operations where cattle were subjected to consistent management practices for a minimum of 90 days. We obtained a total of 633,877 high-quality sequences from the fecal samples of 30 adult beef cattle (5 individuals per operation). Sequence-based clustering and taxonomic analyses indicate less variability within a population than between populations. Overall, bacterial community composition correlated significantly with fecal starch concentrations, largely reflected in changes in the Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes populations. In addition, network analysis demonstrated that annotated sequences clustered by management practice and fecal starch concentration, suggesting that the structures of bovine fecal bacterial communities can be dramatically different in different animal feeding operations, even at the phylum and family taxonomic levels, and that the feeding operation is a more important determinant of the cattle microbiome than is the geographic location of the feedlot. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; Kelty, Catherine A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Archibeque, Shawn] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jenkins, Michael] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Newton, Ryan J.; McLellan, Sandra L.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Water Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Huse, Susan M.; Sogin, Mitchell L.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov RI McLellan, Sandra/D-6282-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 58 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2992 EP 3001 DI 10.1128/AEM.02988-10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 753KU UT WOS:000289773100022 PM 21378055 ER PT J AU Barsoum, I Yao, HHC AF Barsoum, Ivraym Yao, Humphrey H. C. TI Redundant and Differential Roles of Transcription Factors Gli1 and Gli2 in the Development of Mouse Fetal Leydig Cells SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE developmental biology; Gli; hedgehog; Leydig cells; steroidogenesis; testis ID SONIC HEDGEHOG; DESERT-HEDGEHOG; TESTIS ORGANOGENESIS; NEURAL-TUBE; PATHWAYS; OVARY; GENE; TRANSDUCTION; CYCLOPAMINE; INHIBITION AB Appearance of mouse fetal Leydig cells requires activation of the Hedgehog pathway. Upon binding to the membrane-bound receptor patched, Hedgehog ligands induce intracellular responses via a combined effect of Gli transcription factors. Szczepny et al. (Biol Reprod 2009; 80:258-263;) found that Gli1, one of the three Gli transcription factors, is present in the fetal testis and that its expression is suppressed by the Hedgehog inhibitor cyclopamine. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the Gli1 and Gli2 factors in mouse fetal Leydig cell differentiation. The Gli1 and Gli2 transcription factors showed an overlapping expression pattern in the testis interstitium at the time when fetal Leydig cells appear. Despite their similar expression, Gli1 and Gli2 patterns were differentially regulated. Initial Gli1 and Gli2 expression depends upon an active Hedgehog pathway; however, maintenance of only Gli1, but not Gli2, expression requires activation of the pathway. Inactivation of either the Gli1 or Gli2 gene did not affect fetal Leydig cell development and testis morphology, suggesting a functional redundancy. When the transcriptional activity of both GLI1 and GLI2 was suppressed by a selective inhibitor, GANT61, in cultured fetal testes before the appearance of fetal Leydig cells, Gli1 and Gli2 expression and steroidogenic marker activity were completely abolished. However at later stages when Leydig cells were already present, GANT61 treatment inhibited Gli1 expression but had no effects on Gli2 expression and fetal Leydig cell appearance. Our results reveal overlapping and redundant Gli1 and Gli2 roles in fetal Leydig cell differentiation and a novel regulation of Gli2 expression in the fetal testis. C1 [Yao, Humphrey H. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comparat Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Barsoum, Ivraym] Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yao, Humphrey H. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod Dev Biol Grp, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Yao, HHC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comparat Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM yaoh3@niehs.nih.gov RI Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang/B-4795-2010 OI Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang/0000-0003-2944-8469 FU U.S. National Institutes of Heath [NIH-HD-46861, HD-059961]; March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; UIUC College of Veterinary Medicine Billie Field; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Supported by U.S. National Institutes of Heath grants NIH-HD-46861 and HD-059961 to H.H.C.Y., March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation to H.H.C.Y., and by a UIUC College of Veterinary Medicine Billie Field Graduate Fellowship to I.B.B. Also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 BP 894 EP 899 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088997 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 752XK UT WOS:000289728600008 PM 21209421 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Denton, DL Cooper, CM Wrysinski, J Miller, JL Werner, I Horner, G Crane, D Holcomb, DB Huddleston, GM AF Moore, Matthew T. Denton, Debra L. Cooper, Charles M. Wrysinski, Jeanette Miller, Jeff L. Werner, Inge Horner, Gerald Crane, David Holcomb, Diane B. Huddleston, George M., III TI USE OF VEGETATED AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE DITCHES TO DECREASE PESTICIDE TRANSPORT FROM TOMATO AND ALFALFA FIELDS IN CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chlorpyrifos; Permethrin; Management practice; Runoff ID WETLAND MESOCOSMS; METHYL-PARATHION; RUNOFF; MITIGATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; TOXICITY; PERMETHRIN; POLLUTION; ATRAZINE; SYSTEMS AB Irrigation and storm water runoff from agricultural fields has the potential to cause impairment to downstream aquatic receiving systems. Over the last several years, scientists have discovered the benefit of using edge-of-field practices, such as vegetated agricultural drainage ditches, in the mitigation of pesticides and sediment. After demonstrating this practice's feasibility in California, field trials were initiated to document irrigation runoff pesticide mitigation in California alfalfa and tomato fields. In the alfalfa field, chlorpyrifos concentration was decreased by 20% from the inflow to the ditch outflow. Thirty-two percent of the measured chlorpyrifos mass was associated with ditch plant material. In the tomato field, permethrin concentration was decreased by 67% and there was a 35% reduction in suspended sediment concentration from inflow to the ditch outflow. When surface water was not present in the ditch systems, the sediment was a significant repository for pesticides. Based on the field trials, vegetated agricultural drainage ditches can be successfully used as part of a suite of management practices to reduce pesticide and sediment runoff into aquatic receiving systems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1044-1049. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Moore, Matthew T.; Cooper, Charles M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA USA. [Wrysinski, Jeanette] Yolo Cty Resource Conservat Dist, Woodland, CA USA. [Miller, Jeff L.] AQUA Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Werner, Inge] Swiss Ctr Appl Ecotoxicol Eawag, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Horner, Gerald] Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Crane, David] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Holcomb, Diane B.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Huddleston, George M., III] Cardno ENTRIX, Pendleton, SC USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov FU California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) FX Funding for this project has been provided in full or in part through an agreement with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). Contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the SWRCB. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the California SWRCB, U.S. Department of Agriculture, or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Gov. Code 7550, 40 CFR 31.20). NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1044 EP 1049 DI 10.1002/etc.474 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000289820400005 PM 21309027 ER PT J AU Denton, DL Diamond, J Zheng, L AF Denton, Debra L. Diamond, Jerry Zheng, Lei TI TEST OF SIGNIFICANT TOXICITY: A STATISTICAL APPLICATION FOR ASSESSING WHETHER AN EFFLUENT OR SITE WATER IS TRULY TOXIC SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Whole effluent toxicity; Test power; Statistics; Bioequivalence; Within-test variability ID BIOEQUIVALENCE; EQUIVALENCE; VARIANCES; TRIALS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and state agencies implement the Clean Water Act, in part, by evaluating the toxicity of effluent and surface water samples. A common goal for both regulatory authorities and permittees is confidence in an individual test result (e.g., no-observed-effect concentration [NOEC], pass/fail, 25% effective concentration [EC25])), which is used to make regulatory decisions, such as reasonable potential determinations, permit compliance, and watershed assessments. This paper discusses an additional statistical approach (test of significant toxicity [TST]), based on bioequivalence hypothesis testing, or, more appropriately, test of noninferiority, which examines whether there is a nontoxic effect at a single concentration of concern compared with a control. Unlike the traditional hypothesis testing approach in whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing, TST is designed to incorporate explicitly both a and p error rates at levels of toxicity that are unacceptable and acceptable, given routine laboratory test performance for a given test method. Regulatory management decisions are used to identify unacceptable toxicity levels for acute and chronic tests, and the null hypothesis is constructed such that test power is associated with the ability to declare correctly a truly nontoxic sample as acceptable. This approach provides a positive incentive to generate high-quality WET data to make informed decisions regarding regulatory decisions. This paper illustrates how a and p error rates were established for specific test method designs and tests the TST approach using both simulation analyses and actual WET data. In general, those WET test endpoints having higher routine (e.g., 50th percentile) within-test control variation, on average, have higher method-specific a values (type I error rate), to maintain a desired type II error rate. This paper delineates the technical underpinnings of this approach and demonstrates the benefits to both regulatory authorities and permitted entities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1117-1126. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Diamond, Jerry; Zheng, Lei] Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, MD USA. RP Denton, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 9, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM denton.debra@epa.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1126 DI 10.1002/etc.493 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000289820400013 PM 21305584 ER PT J AU Padilla-Carlin, DJ Costa, DL AF Padilla-Carlin, Danielle J. Costa, Daniel L. TI Comparison of functional, biochemical, and morphometric alterations in the lungs of 4 rat strains and hamsters following repeated intratracheal instillation of crocidolite asbestos SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asbestos; crocidolite; function; hamster; pulmonary; rat ID INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS; SYRIAN GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; BED COAL COMBUSTION; CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; INTERSPECIES COMPARISONS; AIRWAY-OBSTRUCTION; METHYL ISOCYANATE; FLY-ASH; INHALATION AB Four rat strains and hamsters were exposed to 0.7 mg crocidolite asbestos/g lung once/week for 3 weeks by intratracheal instillation (IT). Pulmonary function, biochemistry, and morphometry were evaluated at 3 and 6 months after IT. Each rat strain, but not the hamster, exhibited elevated lung volumes. Quasistatic compliance in rats and hamsters was reduced 15%-40% and 25%-50%, respectively. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was elevated in the rats, but in hamsters, it was reduced at both time points. Hydroxyproline was increased in the rat strains but not in hamsters. Lung protein/dry weight was not altered in most of the rat strains and in hamsters at both time points. The linear mean intercept value was increased in Fischer 344 (F344) rats (3 and 6 months) and Long Evans rats (6 months), whereas in hamsters only at 6 months. Surface area was unchanged in both species. Specific density for parenchymal tissue was reduced for F344 rats at both time points, but alveolar density values did not change overall relative to species and time. The correlated functional and morphological changes in the hamster appeared more consistent with human asbestosis. Divergent lung responses in different species and strains should be considered when selecting laboratory animal models for studies related to asbestos exposure. C1 [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Padilla-Carlin, Danielle J.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Costa, DL (reprint author), US EPA, DABT Off Res Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM costa.dan@epa.gov FU US DOE [DE-ACO2-76CH00016]; US EPA [EPA/UNC CR833237] FX The authors wish to thank Merrill Osheroff, James Lehmann, Jeannie Yermakoff, Robert Drew, Patricia Carr, Sonia Haber, Max Schmaeler, Marie O'Connor, Stephen Gavett, Doug Wolf, and MaryJane Selgrade for their technical and review assistance, and to Donald Doerfler for his assistance with the statistical analysis. This study was conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory and supported by US DOE DE-ACO2-76CH00016 and US EPA EPA/UNC CR833237. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.3109/01902148.2010.538131 PG 15 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 753PR UT WOS:000289792500003 PM 21309734 ER PT J AU Korte, JJ Sternberg, RM Serrano, JA Thoemke, KR Moen, SM Lillegard, KE Hornung, MW Tietge, JE Degitz, SJ AF Korte, Joseph J. Sternberg, Robin M. Serrano, Jose A. Thoemke, Kara R. Moen, Scott M. Lillegard, Kathryn E. Hornung, Michael W. Tietge, Joseph E. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Measurement of intracellular, secreted, and circulating hormone in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xenopus laevis; Xenopus tropicalis; Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); Western blot; ELISA; Pituitary; Serum ID PITUITARY IN-VITRO; THYROTROPIN; METAMORPHOSIS; EXPRESSION; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; RELEASE; CELLS AB Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is an important regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in Xenopus laevis. To evaluate the role of this hormone on developing tadpoles, immunologically-based Western blots and sandwich ELISAs were developed for measuring intracellular (within pituitaries), secreted (ex vivo pituitary culture), and circulating (serum) amounts. Despite the small size of the tadpoles, these methods were able to easily measure intracellular and secreted TSH, and circulating TSH was measurable in situations where high levels were induced. The method was validated after obtaining a highly purified and enriched TSH sample using anti-TSH-beta antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads. Subsequent mass-spectrometric analysis of the bands from SDS-PAGE and Western procedures identified the presence of amino acid sequences corresponding to TSH subunits. The purified sample was also used to prepare standard curves for quantitative analysis. The Western and ELISA methods had limits of detection in the low nanogram range. While the majority of the developmental work for these methods was done with X. laevis, the methods also detected TSH in Xenopus tropicalis. To our knowledge this is the first report of a specific detection method for TSH in these species, and the first to measure circulating TSH in amphibians. Examples of the utility of the methods include measuring a gradual increase in pituitary TSH at key stages of development, peaking at stages 58-62; the suppression of TSH secretion from cultured pituitaries in the presence of thyroid hormone (T4); and increases in serum TSH following thyroidectomy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Korte, Joseph J.; Sternberg, Robin M.; Serrano, Jose A.; Thoemke, Kara R.; Moen, Scott M.; Lillegard, Kathryn E.; Hornung, Michael W.; Tietge, Joseph E.; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Korte, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM korte.joe@epa.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 171 IS 3 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.017 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 752QY UT WOS:000289708700010 PM 21354158 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Sheldon, LS Jones, PA Croghan, CW Chuang, JC Wilson, NK AF Morgan, Marsha K. Sheldon, Linda S. Jones, Paul A. Croghan, Carry W. Chuang, Jane C. Wilson, Nancy K. TI The reliability of using urinary biomarkers to estimate children's exposures to chlorpyrifos and diazinon SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; diazinon; TCP; IMP; children ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DAY-CARE; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; PHARMACOKINETICS; POPULATION AB A few studies have reported concurrent levels of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZN) and their environmentally occurring metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMP), in food and in environmental media. This information raises questions regarding the reliability of using these same metabolites, TCP and IMP, as urinary biomarkers to quantitatively assess the everyday exposures of children to CPF and DZN, respectively. In this study, we quantified the distributions of CPF, DZN, TCP, and IMP in several environmental and personal media at the homes and day-care centers of 127 Ohio preschool children and identified the important sources and routes of their exposures. The children were exposed to concurrent levels of these four chemicals from several sources and routes at these locations. DZN and IMP were both detected above 50% in the air and dust samples. CPF and TCP were both detected in greater than 50% of the air, dust (solid), food, and hand wipe samples. TCP was detected in 100% of the urine samples. Results from our regression models showed that creatinine levels (<0.001), and dietary (P<0.001) and inhalation (P<0.10) doses of TCP were each significant predictors of urinary TCP, collectively explaining 27% of the urinary TCP variability. This information suggests that measurement of urinary TCP did not reliably allow quantitative estimation of the children's everyday environmental exposures to CPF. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2011) 21, 280-290; doi:10.1038/jes.2010.11; published online 26 May 2010 C1 [Morgan, Marsha K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, NERL, HEASD,EMAB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Wilson, Nancy K.] Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, NERL, HEASD,EMAB, MDE205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-99-011] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here under Contract #68-D-99-011 to Battelle. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.11 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 752RY UT WOS:000289712500007 PM 20502492 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Egeghy, PP Fortmann, RC Xue, JP Evans, J Whitaker, DA Croghan, CW AF Tulve, Nicolle S. Egeghy, Peter P. Fortmann, Roy C. Xue, Jianping Evans, Jeff Whitaker, Donald A. Croghan, Carry W. TI Methodologies for estimating cumulative human exposures to current-use pyrethroid pesticides SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cumulative exposure; dermal; indirect ingestion; diet; inhalation; multimedia ID HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; CHILDRENS RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; NONDIETARY INGESTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CYPERMETHRIN; INSECTICIDE; CONTACT; CHARACTERIZE; CHLORPYRIFOS; FREQUENCY AB We estimated cumulative residential pesticide exposures for a group of nine young children (4-6 years) using three different methodologies developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and compared the results with estimates derived from measured urinary metabolite concentrations. The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessment are intended to provide a screening-level assessment to estimate exposure for regulatory purposes. Nonetheless, dermal exposure estimates were typically lower from the SOP (1-1300 nmol/day) than from SHEDS (5-19,000 nmol/day) or any of the four different approaches for estimating dermal exposure using the Draft Protocol for Measuring Children's Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides by all Relevant Pathways (Draft Protocol) (5-11,000 nmol/day). Indirect ingestion exposure estimates ranged from 0.02 to 21.5 nmol/day for the SOP, 0.5 to 188 nmol/day for SHEDS, and 0 to 3.38 nmol/day for the Draft Protocol. Estimates of total absorbed dose ranged from 3 to 37 nmol/day for the SOPs, 0.5 to 100 nmol/day for SHEDS, and 1 to 216 nmol/day for the Draft Protocol. The concentrations estimated using the Draft Protocol and SHEDS showed strong, positive relationships with the 3-phenoxybenzoic acid metabolite measured in the children's urine samples (R(2) = 0.90 for the Draft Protocol; R(2) = 0.92 for SHEDS). Analysis of different approaches for estimating dermal exposure suggested that the approach assuming an even distribution of pesticide residue on the child's body was most reasonable. With all three methodologies providing reasonable estimates of exposure and dose, selection should depend on the available data and the objectives of the analysis. Further research would be useful to better understand how best to estimate dermal exposure for children and what exposure factors (e.g., activities, transfer coefficients, measurement techniques) are most relevant in making dermal exposure estimates. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2011) 21, 317-327; doi:10.1038/jes.2010.25; published online 21 April 2010 C1 [Tulve, Nicolle S.; Egeghy, Peter P.; Fortmann, Roy C.; Xue, Jianping; Whitaker, Donald A.; Croghan, Carry W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Evans, Jeff] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DE USA. RP Tulve, NS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E-205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tulve.nicolle@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-99-011] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number 68-D-99-011 to Battelle Memorial Institute. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank the parents and children for their participation, the staff of the Lead Division at the DCHD for logistical support, and the laboratory staffs at Battelle and CDC for their analytical support. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.25 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 752RY UT WOS:000289712500011 PM 20407476 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Locke, MA Theurer, FD Stafford, J AF Yuan, Y. Bingner, R. L. Locke, M. A. Theurer, F. D. Stafford, J. TI ASSESSMENT OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO REDUCE NITROGEN LOADINGS USING ANNAGNPS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS watershed modeling; Ohio Upper Auglaize watershed; Midwest; Drainage management practices; Water quality ID STOCHASTIC WEATHER SIMULATION; NITRATE LOSS; WATER-QUALITY; TILE DRAINAGE; DRAINMOD-N; MODEL; SUBIRRIGATION; LOSSES; DEPTH; STRATEGIES AB The goal of the Future Midwest Landscape project is to quantify current and future landscape services across the Midwest region and examine changes expected to occur as a result of two alternative drivers of future change: the growing demand for biofuels; and hypothetical increases in incentives for the use of agricultural conservation practices to mitigate the adverse impact caused by the growing demand for biofuels. Nitrogen losses to surface waters are of great concern on both national and regional scales, and nitrogen losses from drained cropland in the Midwest have been identified as one of the major sources of N in streams. With the growing demand for biofuels and potentially increased corn production, measures are needed to allow the continued high agricultural productivity of naturally poorly drained soils in the Midwest while reducing N losses to surface waters. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the long-term effects of drainage system management on reducing N losses. To achieve the overall objective of this study, the USDA Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollutant loading model was applied to the Ohio Upper Auglaize watershed located in the southern portion of the Maumee River Basin. In thus study, AnnAGNPS model was calibrated using USGS monitored data; and then the effects of various subsurface drainage management practices on nitrogen loadings were assessed. Wider drain spacings and shallower depths to drain can be used to reduce nitrogen loadings. Nitrogen loading was reduced by 35% by changing drain spacing from 12 to 15 m (40 to 50 ft); and 15% nitrogen was reduced by changing the drain depth from 1.2 to 1.1 m (48 to 42 in.) and an additional 20% was reduced by changing the drain depth from 1.1 to 0.9 in (42 to 36 in.). In addition, nitrogen loadings could be significantly reduced by plugging subsurface drains from 1 November to 1 April of each year. About 64% nitrogen was reduced by completely controlling subsurface drainages for a drainage system with drain space of 12 m (40 ft) and drain depth of 1.2 m (48 in.). C1 [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bingner, R. L.] USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc & Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Locke, M. A.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Theurer, F. D.] USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Stafford, J.] USDA, NRCS, Columbus, OH USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, POB 93478,944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 335 EP 344 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 786ZI UT WOS:000292346000003 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R AF Schoeny, R. TI Risk Assessment at the US Environmental Protection Agency SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schoeny, R.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900019 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB AF Knudsen, T. B. TI Use of High-Throughput Testing and Approaches for Evaluating Chemical Risk: Relevance to Humans SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, ORD NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 318 EP 318 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900023 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME AF Gilbert, M. E. TI Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Low-Level Thyroid Hormone Disruption Induced by Environmental Contaminants SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Neurotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 320 EP 320 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900026 ER PT J AU Kleinstreuer, N Rountree, M Sipes, N Chandler, K Dewoskin, R Singh, AV Spencer, R Kavlock, R Dix, D Knudsen, T AF Kleinstreuer, N. Rountree, M. Sipes, N. Chandler, K. Dewoskin, R. Singh, A., V Spencer, R. Kavlock, R. Dix, D. Knudsen, T. TI In Silico Testing of Environmental Impact on Embryonic Vascular Development SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kleinstreuer, N.; Rountree, M.; Sipes, N.; Chandler, K.; Kavlock, R.; Dix, D.; Knudsen, T.] US EPA, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dewoskin, R.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chandler, K.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, A., V; Spencer, R.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 328 EP 328 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900041 ER PT J AU Chandler, K Hunter, S Jeffay, S Nichols, H Kleinstreuer, N Sipes, N Knudsen, T AF Chandler, K. Hunter, S. Jeffay, S. Nichols, H. Kleinstreuer, N. Sipes, N. Knudsen, T. TI A Redox Sensitive Pathway in the Mouse ES Cell Assay Modeled from ToxCast (TM) HTS Data SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chandler, K.; Hunter, S.; Jeffay, S.; Nichols, H.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chandler, K.; Kleinstreuer, N.; Sipes, N.; Knudsen, T.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900044 ER PT J AU Grey, B Das, K Grace, C Tatum, K Lau, C Rogers, J AF Grey, B. Das, K. Grace, C. Tatum, K. Lau, C. Rogers, J. TI Gestational Exposure to Low Doses of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Increases Adiposity, but Not Body Weight, of Adult Offspring SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grey, B.; Das, K.; Grace, C.; Tatum, K.; Lau, C.; Rogers, J.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, TAD, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900064 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG AF Narotsky, M. G. TI Comparison of Birth- and Conception-Based Definitions of Postnatal Age in Developmental and Reproductive Rodent Toxicity Studies: Influence of Gestation Length on Measurements of Offspring Body Weight and Puberty in Controls SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Narotsky, M. G.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 376 EP 376 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900130 ER PT J AU Nichols, H Barrier, M Jeffay, S Chandler, K Simmons, S Hunter, S AF Nichols, H. Barrier, M. Jeffay, S. Chandler, K. Simmons, S. Hunter, S. TI Assessment of a 42 Metal Salts Chemical Library in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nichols, H.; Barrier, M.; Jeffay, S.; Chandler, K.; Simmons, S.; Hunter, S.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 SI SI BP 378 EP 378 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 762QQ UT WOS:000290494900135 ER PT J AU Roth, AJ Bunch, DO Winnik, W Preston, GA Jennette, JC Nachman, PH Falk, RJ AF Roth, Aleeza J. Bunch, Donna O. Winnik, Witold Preston, Gloria A. Jennette, J. Charles Nachman, Patrick H. Falk, Ronald J. TI Characterization of the pathogenetic potential of ANCA at disease onset, relapse and remission SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Vasculitis/ANCA Workshop CY MAY 15-18, 2011 CL Chapel Hill, NC C1 [Roth, Aleeza J.; Bunch, Donna O.; Preston, Gloria A.; Jennette, J. Charles; Falk, Ronald J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Preston, Gloria A.; Jennette, J. Charles; Nachman, Patrick H.; Falk, Ronald J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Nephrol & Hypertens, UNC Kidney Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Winnik, Witold] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 164 SU 1 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 748RT UT WOS:000289409300225 ER PT J AU Bookman, EB McAllister, K Gillanders, E Wanke, K Balshaw, D Rutter, J Reedy, J Shaughnessy, D Agurs-Collins, T Paltoo, D Atienza, A Bierut, L Kraft, P Fallin, MD Perera, F Turkheimer, E Boardman, J Marazita, ML Rappaport, SM Boerwinkle, E Suomi, SJ Caporaso, NE Hertz-Picciotto, I Jacobson, KC Lowe, WL Goldman, LR Duggal, P Gunnar, MR Manolio, TA Green, ED Olster, DH Birnbaum, LS AF Bookman, Ebony B. McAllister, Kimberly Gillanders, Elizabeth Wanke, Kay Balshaw, David Rutter, Joni Reedy, Jill Shaughnessy, Daniel Agurs-Collins, Tanya Paltoo, Dina Atienza, Audie Bierut, Laura Kraft, Peter Fallin, M. Daniele Perera, Frederica Turkheimer, Eric Boardman, Jason Marazita, Mary L. Rappaport, Stephen M. Boerwinkle, Eric Suomi, Stephen J. Caporaso, Neil E. Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Jacobson, Kristen C. Lowe, William L. Goldman, Lynn R. Duggal, Priya Gunnar, Megan R. Manolio, Teri A. Green, Eric D. Olster, Deborah H. Birnbaum, Linda S. CA NIH G E Interplay Workshop Partici TI Gene-Environment Interplay in Common Complex Diseases: Forging an Integrative Model-Recommendations From an NIH Workshop SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene-environment interaction; epidemiology; study design; genetics; environment ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CHILDRENS; GENOTYPE; HEALTH; RISK; MAOA AB Although it is recognized that many common complex diseases are a result of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors, studies of gene-environment interaction remain a challenge and have had limited success to date. Given the current state-of-the-science, NIH sought input on ways to accelerate investigations of gene-environment interplay in health and disease by inviting experts from a variety of disciplines to give advice about the future direction of gene-environment interaction studies. Participants of the NIH Gene-Environment Interplay Workshop agreed that there is a need for continued emphasis on studies of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in disease and that studies need to be designed around a multifaceted approach to reflect differences in diseases, exposure attributes, and pertinent stages of human development. The participants indicated that both targeted and agnostic approaches have strengths and weaknesses for evaluating main effects of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. The unique perspectives represented at the workshop allowed the exploration of diverse study designs and analytical strategies, and conveyed the need for an interdisciplinary approach including data sharing, and data harmonization to fully explore gene-environment interactions. Further, participants also emphasized the continued need for high-quality measures of environmental exposures and new genomic technologies in ongoing and new studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 35: 217-225, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Bookman, Ebony B.; Manolio, Teri A.; Green, Eric D.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McAllister, Kimberly; Balshaw, David; Shaughnessy, Daniel; Birnbaum, Linda S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gillanders, Elizabeth; Reedy, Jill; Agurs-Collins, Tanya; Atienza, Audie] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wanke, Kay; Olster, Deborah H.] NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rutter, Joni] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Paltoo, Dina] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bierut, Laura] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kraft, Peter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fallin, M. Daniele; Goldman, Lynn R.; Duggal, Priya] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Perera, Frederica] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. [Turkheimer, Eric] Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Boardman, Jason] Univ Colorado, Dept Sociol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boardman, Jason] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Marazita, Mary L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Rappaport, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Suomi, Stephen J.] NICHHD, Comparat Ethol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Caporaso, Neil E.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jacobson, Kristen C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lowe, William L.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Gunnar, Megan R.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bookman, EB (reprint author), NHGRI, Off Populat Genom, 530 Davis Dr Room 3130 MSC K3-02, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. EM ebony.bookman@nih.gov RI Jacobson, Kristen/D-2064-2009; Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; OI Rutter, Joni/0000-0002-6502-2361 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA089392, P01 CA089392-09]; NHGRI NIH HHS [U01 HG004422-02, U01 HG004422]; NICHD NIH HHS [R21 HD051146, R21 HD051146-05]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA019963-03, R01 DA013423-05, R01 DA019963, R01 DA013423] NR 38 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1002/gepi.20571 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 748FM UT WOS:000289375400002 PM 21308768 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Choi, YW Rogers, JV Kelly, TJ Riggs, KB Willenberg, ZJ AF Wood, J. P. Choi, Y. W. Rogers, J. V. Kelly, T. J. Riggs, K. B. Willenberg, Z. J. TI Efficacy of liquid spray decontaminants for inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores on building and outdoor materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus subtilis; building materials; decontamination; inactivate; spores; sporicide ID SURFACES; SUBTILIS AB Aims: To obtain data on the efficacy of various liquid and foam decontamination technologies to inactivate Bacillus anthracis Ames and Bacillus subtilis spores on building and outdoor materials. Methods and Results: Spores were inoculated onto test coupons and positive control coupons of nine different materials. Six different sporicidal liquids were spray-applied to the test coupons and remained in contact for exposure times ranging from 10 to 70 min. Following decontamination, spores were recovered from the coupons and efficacy was quantified in terms of log reduction. Conclusions: The hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid products were the most effective, followed by decontaminants utilizing hypochlorous acid chemistry. Decontamination efficacy varied by material type. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study results may be useful in the selection of technologies to decontaminate buildings and outdoor areas in the event of contamination with B. anthracis spores. These results may also facilitate selection of decontaminant liquids for the inactivation of other spore-forming infectious disease agents. C1 [Wood, J. P.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Choi, Y. W.; Rogers, J. V.; Kelly, T. J.; Riggs, K. B.; Willenberg, Z. J.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 FU Office of Research and Development [GS23F0011L-3]; Battelle Memorial Institute FX The U. S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and directed the research described herein under GS23F0011L-3 with Battelle Memorial Institute. It has been subject to an administrative review but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1273 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04980.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 746RR UT WOS:000289265100015 PM 21332900 ER PT J AU Nguyen, RHN Umbach, DM Parad, RB Stroehla, B Rogan, WJ Estroff, JA AF Nguyen, Ruby H. N. Umbach, David M. Parad, Richard B. Stroehla, Berrit Rogan, Walter J. Estroff, Judy A. TI US assessment of estrogen-responsive organ growth among healthy term infants: piloting methods for assessing estrogenic activity SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE US; Infant; Organ growth; Soy formula ID EXPERT PANEL REPORT; THYMUS SIZE; SOY FORMULA; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ULTRASOUND EVALUATION; KIDNEY GROWTH; HUMAN-MILK; BIRTH; LIFE; CHILDREN AB A mother's circulating estrogen increases over the third trimester, producing physiological effects on her newborn that wane postnatally. Estrogenization might be prolonged in newborns exposed to exogenous estrogens, such as isoflavones in soy formula. We evaluated ultrasonography for monitoring growth of multiple estrogen-responsive organs in healthy infants and developed organ-growth trajectories. We studied 38 boys (61 visits) from birth to age 6 months and 41 girls (96 visits) from birth to age 1 year using a partly cross-sectional, partly longitudinal design. We measured uterus and ovaries in girls, testes and prostate in boys, and kidneys, breasts, thymus, and thyroid in all children. We imaged all organs from the body surface in one session of < 1 h. Uterine volume decreased from birth (P < 0.0001), whereas ovarian volume increased sharply until age 2 months and then decreased (P < 0.001). Testicular volume increased with age (P < 0.0001), but prostatic volume showed minimal age trend. Breast bud diameter showed no age trend in girls but declined from birth in boys (P = 0.03). US examination of multiple estrogen-responsive organs in infants in a single session is feasible and yields volume estimates useful for assessing potential endocrine disruptor effects on organ growth. C1 [Umbach, David M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Nguyen, Ruby H. N.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Nguyen, Ruby H. N.; Rogan, Walter J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Parad, Richard B.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Newborn Med, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Parad, Richard B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Newborn Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Stroehla, Berrit] Social & Sci Syst Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Estroff, Judy A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Umbach, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM umbach@niehs.nih.gov RI Parad, Richard/E-8559-2010; Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). RHNN was an NIEHS Intramural Post-doctoral Fellow at the time of this work. The authors appreciate study coordination and analysis assistance of Janet Archer and Holly Schmidt-Davis; clinical contributions of Jane Share, Kathy Howard, Julie Hart, and Deirdre Ellard; recruitment assistance by Drs. Joanne Cox and Lise Johnson; imaging supervision at BWH by Dr. Carol Benson, and imaging by all participating sonologists at BWH and Children's Hospital Boston. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 EI 1432-1998 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 5 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s00247-010-1895-0 PG 10 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 750EN UT WOS:000289527900014 PM 21104239 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Simulating the Stability of Colloidal Amorphous Iron Oxide in Natural Water SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE DLVO theory; Amorphous iron oxide; Diffuse-layer model; Triple-layer model; Critical coagulation concentration ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; IONIC-STRENGTH; SURFACE IONIZATION; SOLUTION INTERFACE; HAMAKER CONSTANTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ORGANIC-MATTER; TITRATION DATA; METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION AB Considerable uncertainty exists as to whether existing thermodynamic equilibrium solid/water partitioning paradigms can be used to assess the mobility of insoluble manufactured nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. In this work, the traditional Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory of colloidal particle stability was examined by using three published expressions for estimating critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs; i.e., the minimum ionic strength needed to induce rapid self-aggregation) via incorporation of diffuse-layer potential estimates obtained from MINTEQA2 geochemical model implementations of an enhanced version of the MIT diffuse-layer model (DLM) and the historical triple-layer model (TLM). Amorphous iron oxide was selected as a test colloid in this assessment and its electrostatic properties were simulated over a pH range of 4 to 10 in 0.7 M seawater, 0.1 M diluted seawater, world average river water, US continental average groundwater and Midwestern US 50th percentile rainwater. Findings from the study included: (1) sources of variation in predictions of the onset of rapid colloidal particle self-aggregation were observed to occur in the following order: aquatic chemistry > selection of DLM vs. TLM diffuse-layer potentials > uncertainties in the Hamaker constant > selection of CCC equation a parts per thousand the distance to the plane of shear (with the DLM), (2) the magnitude of the DLM diffuse-layer potential estimates exceeded that of the TLM estimates, (3) TLM diffuse-layer potential estimates were consistent with a conjecture by Loux and Anderson, Colloids and Surfaces A, 177, 123-131, (2001) that the magnitude of environmental interfacial potentials were likely to be less than RT/F (similar to 25 mV) and DLM estimates were not, and (4) TLM estimates predict that amorphous iron oxide suspensions are likely to be relatively stable only in high pH rainwater; DLM estimates predict relative colloidal iron oxide suspension stability in rainwater and extreme pH river waters. These predictions of rapid aggregation are at least qualitatively in accord with data published in the literature. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX Although the present work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it does not necessarily represent official agency policy. Mention of commercial products and trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 217 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0576-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 750PR UT WOS:000289561000015 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Fontaine, JJ Pope, KL Garmestani, AS AF Allen, Craig R. Fontaine, Joseph J. Pope, Kevin L. Garmestani, Ahjond S. TI Adaptive management for a turbulent future SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Natural resources; Structured decision making; Uncertainty ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; COMANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION AB The challenges that face humanity today differ from the past because as the scale of human influence has increased, our biggest challenges have become global in nature, and formerly local problems that could be addressed by shifting populations or switching resources, now aggregate (i.e., "scale up") limiting potential management options. Adaptive management is an approach to natural resource management that emphasizes learning through management based on the philosophy that knowledge is incomplete and much of what we think we know is actually wrong. Adaptive management has explicit structure, including careful elucidation of goals, identification of alternative management objectives and hypotheses of causation, and procedures for the collection of data followed by evaluation and reiteration. It is evident that adaptive management has matured, but it has also reached a crossroads. Practitioners and scientists have developed adaptive management and structured decision making techniques, and mathematicians have developed methods to reduce the uncertainties encountered in resource management, yet there continues to be misapplication of the method and misunderstanding of its purpose. Ironically, the confusion over the term "adaptive management" may stem from the flexibility inherent in the approach, which has resulted in multiple interpretations of "adaptive management" that fall along a continuum of complexity and a priori design. Adaptive management is not a panacea for the navigation of 'wicked problems' as it does not produce easy answers, and is only appropriate in a subset of natural resource management problems where both uncertainty and controllability are high. Nonetheless, the conceptual underpinnings of adaptive management are simple; there will always be inherent uncertainty and unpredictability in the dynamics and behavior of complex social-ecological systems, but management decisions must still be made, and whenever possible, we should incorporate learning into management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allen, Craig R.; Fontaine, Joseph J.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units program for funding this special issue on adaptive management. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscripts presented in this special issue of the Journal of Environmental Management underwent double-blind reviews; we thank the reviewers for their efforts, which greatly enhanced this final product. Finally, no thanks are far too many for Ralph Yorque. NR 58 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 82 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1339 EP 1345 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400001 PM 21168260 ER PT J AU Benson, MH Garmestani, AS AF Benson, Melinda Harm Garmestani, Ahjond S. TI Embracing panarchy, building resilience and integrating adaptive management through a rebirth of the National Environmental Policy Act SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Law; Resilience; Adaptive management; Panarchy; NEPA; Sustainability ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; REGIME SHIFTS; BIODIVERSITY; SCALE AB Environmental law plays a key role in shaping policy for sustainability of social ecological systems. In particular, the types of legal instruments, institutions, and the response of law to the inherent variability in social ecological systems are critical. Sustainability likely must occur via the institutions we have in place, combined with alterations in policy and regulation within the context of these institutions. This ecosystem management arrangement can be characterized as a panarchy, with research on sustainability specific to the scale of interest. In this manuscript we examine an opportunity for integrating these concepts through a regulatory rebirth of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). NEPA currently requires federal agencies to take a "hard look" at the environmental consequences of proposed action. The original intent of NEPA, however, was more substantive and its provisions, while currently equilibrium based, may be reconfigured to embrace new understanding of the dynamics of social-ecological systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Benson, Melinda Harm] Univ New Mexico, Dept Geog, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mhbenson@unm.edu; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1420 EP 1427 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.011 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400013 PM 20961681 ER PT J AU Jetten, AM AF Jetten, Anton M. TI IMMUNOLOGY A helping hand against autoimmunity SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ROR-GAMMA; DIFFERENTIATION; CELLS C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cell Biol Sect, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Jetten, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cell Biol Sect, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jetten@niehs.nih.gov OI Jetten, Anton/0000-0003-0954-4445 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101586-06] NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 472 IS 7344 BP 421 EP 422 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 755QC UT WOS:000289949600020 PM 21525918 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME McLanahan, ED Hedge, J Crofton, KM Fisher, JW Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC AF Gilbert, M. E. McLanahan, E. D. Hedge, J. Crofton, K. M. Fisher, J. W. Valentin-Blasini, L. Blount, B. C. TI Marginal iodide deficiency and thyroid function: Dose-response analysis for quantitative pharmacokinetic modeling SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thyroid; Iodine; Hypothyroidism; Biologically based dose-response modeling; Hypothyroidism; Brain development ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIETARY IODIDE; UNITED-STATES; ADULT-RAT; PERCHLORATE; HORMONE; TISSUE; INHIBITION AB Severe iodine deficiency (ID) results in adverse health outcomes and remains a benchmark for understanding the effects of developmental hypothyroidism. The implications of marginal ID, however, remain less well known. The current study examined the relationship between graded levels of ID in rats and serum thyroid hormones, thyroid iodine content, and urinary iodide excretion. The goals of this study were to provide parametric and dose-response information for development of a quantitative model of the thyroid axis. Female Long Evans rats were fed casein-based diets containing varying iodine (I) concentrations for 8 weeks. Diets were created by adding 975, 200, 125, 25. or 0 mu g/kg I to the base diet (similar to 25 mu g I/kg chow) to produce 5 nominal I levels, ranging from excess (basal + added I, Treatment 1: 1000 mu g I/kg chow) to deficient (Treatment 5: 25 mu g I/kg chow). Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout and on 2 consecutive days each week over the 8-week exposure period, animals were placed in metabolism cages to capture urine. Food, water intake, and body weight gain did not differ among treatment groups. Serum T4 was dose-dependently reduced relative to Treatment 1 with significant declines (19 and 48%) at the two lowest I groups, and no significant changes in serum T3 or TSH were detected. Increases in thyroid weight and decreases in thyroidal and urinary iodide content were observed as a function of decreasing I in the diet. Data were compared with predictions from a recently published biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model for ID. Relative to model predictions, female Long Evans rats under the conditions of this study appeared more resilient to low I intake. These results challenge existing models and provide essential information for development of quantitative BBDR models for ID during pregnancy and lactation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McLanahan, E. D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hedge, J.; Crofton, K. M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Biol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fisher, J. W.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Valentin-Blasini, L.; Blount, B. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 05, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.001 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 756ZJ UT WOS:000290053000006 PM 21315791 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, DT Gangarosa, LM Schliebe, B Umbach, DM Xu, ZL MacIntosh, B Knize, MG Matthews, PP Swank, AE Sandler, RS DeMarini, DM Taylor, JA AF Shaughnessy, Daniel T. Gangarosa, Lisa M. Schliebe, Barbara Umbach, David M. Xu, Zongli MacIntosh, Beth Knize, Mark G. Matthews, Peggy P. Swank, Adam E. Sandler, Robert S. DeMarini, David M. Taylor, Jack A. TI Inhibition of Fried Meat-Induced Colorectal DNA Damage and Altered Systemic Genotoxicity in Humans by Crucifera, Chlorophyllin, and Yogurt SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC-AMINES; URINARY MUTAGENICITY; BRUSSELS-SPROUTS; CANCER-RISK; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; METABOLIZING ENZYMES; FECAL MUTAGENICITY; STRAND BREAKS; GROUND-BEEF; CONSUMPTION AB Dietary exposures implicated as reducing or causing risk for colorectal cancer may reduce or cause DNA damage in colon tissue; however, no one has assessed this hypothesis directly in humans. Thus, we enrolled 16 healthy volunteers in a 4-week controlled feeding study where 8 subjects were randomly assigned to dietary regimens containing meat cooked at either low (100 degrees C) or high temperature (250 degrees C), each for 2 weeks in a crossover design. The other 8 subjects were randomly assigned to dietary regimens containing the high-temperature meat diet alone or in combination with 3 putative mutagen inhibitors: cruciferous vegetables, yogurt, and chlorophyllin tablets, also in a crossover design. Subjects were nonsmokers, at least 18 years old, and not currently taking prescription drugs or antibiotics. We used the Salmonella assay to analyze the meat, urine, and feces for mutagenicity, and the comet assay to analyze rectal biopsies and peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA damage. Low-temperature meat had undetectable levels of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and was not mutagenic, whereas high-temperature meat had high HCA levels and was highly mutagenic. The high-temperature meat diet increased the mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine and feces compared to the low-temperature meat diet. The mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine was increased nearly twofold by the inhibitor diet, indicating that the inhibitors enhanced conjugation. Inhibitors decreased significantly the mutagenicity of un-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed feces. The diets did not alter the levels of DNA damage in non-target white blood cells, but the inhibitor diet decreased nearly twofold the DNA damage in target colorectal cells. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that dietary factors can reduce DNA damage in the target tissue of fried-meat associated carcinogenesis. C1 [Shaughnessy, Daniel T.; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gangarosa, Lisa M.; Schliebe, Barbara; Sandler, Robert S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Umbach, David M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Xu, Zongli; Taylor, Jack A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [MacIntosh, Beth] Univ N Carolina, Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Knize, Mark G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Matthews, Peggy P.; Swank, Adam E.; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shaughnessy, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM taylor@niehs.nih.gov OI xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU National Center of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [M01RR00046, UL1RR025747]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS; U.S. EPA; NIEHS FX This project was supported in part by grants M01RR00046 and/or UL1RR025747 from the National Center of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, which supports the Clinical and Translational Research Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS as well as by the U.S. EPA. D. T. Shaughnessy acknowledges support from an NIEHS Intramural Research Training Award. This study is registered in clinicaltrials. gov number NCT00340743. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e18707 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018707 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756MU UT WOS:000290016800019 PM 21541030 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Kumar, NM Patel, G Gupta, S Varma, RS AF Kumar, Dalip Kumar, N. Maruthi Patel, Gautam Gupta, Sudeep Varma, Rajender S. TI A facile and eco-friendly synthesis of diarylthiazoles and diarylimidazoles in water SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thiazoles; Imidazoles; Greener synthesis; Water ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; HYPERVALENT IODINE; EXPEDITIOUS SYNTHESIS; CONVENIENT PROCEDURE; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; MICHAEL ADDITION; PHASE SYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; THIAZOLES; CYCLOCONDENSATION AB A simple, efficient and high yielding greener protocol for the synthesis of substituted thiazoles and imidazoles is described that utilizes the reaction of readily available alpha-tosyloxy ketones with variety of thioamides/amidines in water. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Dalip; Kumar, N. Maruthi; Patel, Gautam; Gupta, Sudeep] Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Dept Chem, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Dept Chem, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. EM dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI Narayanam, Maruthi Kumar/F-8726-2011 OI Narayanam, Maruthi Kumar/0000-0001-8612-5602 FU UGC-SAP (level-1), New Delhi; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi FX Authors acknowledge financial support from UGC-SAP (level-1), New Delhi and M.K. is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for Senior Research Fellowship. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 16 BP 1983 EP 1986 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.069 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 765YV UT WOS:000290746200040 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AP Frank, N Kenski, DM Collett, JL AF Sullivan, A. P. Frank, N. Kenski, D. M. Collett, J. L., Jr. TI Application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection for measuring carbohydrates in routine daily filter samples collected by a national network: 2. Examination of sugar alcohols/polyols, sugars, and anhydrosugars in the upper Midwest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; SOLUBLE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FUNGAL SPORES; UNITED-STATES; AEROSOLS; LEVOGLUCOSAN; MASS; TRACERS; CARBON; COMBUSTION AB Carbohydrate measurements of ambient samples can provide insights into the biogenic fraction of the organic carbon (OC) aerosol. However, lack of measurement on a routine basis limits data analysis. In a companion paper, 1 year of archived 1-in-6 day FRM (Federal Reference Monitor) filter samples from the PM2.5 NAAQS compliance monitoring network collected at 10 sites in the upper Midwest were analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection to determine the regional impact of biomass burning. Along with levoglucosan, 13 other carbohydrates were simultaneously measured, including two more anhydrosugars (mannosan and galactosan), five sugars (arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose), and six sugar alcohols/polyols (glycerol, methyltetrols, threitol/erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol). This paper focuses on the results from these carbohydrates in order to investigate their sources and trends both spatially and temporally. Mannosan, galactosan, arabinose, xylose, and threitol/erythritol all correlated with levoglucosan (R-2 from 0.43 to 0.97), suggesting biomass burning as their main source. Glucose and mannitol exhibited higher concentrations in summer and at more southern sites, likely due to vegetation differences at the sites. Using mannitol, the contribution of spores to OC was found to be <1%. Methyltetrols were highly correlated with water-soluble OC (R-2 from 0.63 to 0.95) and in higher concentrations at more eastern sites. This spatial pattern is possibly due to these sites being downwind of the high isoprene emission zones that occur in the western part of the Midwest from oak forests in the Ozarks and spruce forests in the northern lake states. C1 [Sullivan, A. P.; Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frank, N.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kenski, D. M.] Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Rosemont, IL 60018 USA. RP Sullivan, AP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sullivan@atmos.colostate.edu RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X FU EPA through the National Park Service; Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) FX This work was funded by the EPA through the National Park Service for the Teflon filter samples and by the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) for the Hi-Volume filter samples. We thank L. A. Munchak for her help and advice on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System model. We would like to acknowledge the state representatives from Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio for providing the archived Teflon filter samples. We would also like to thank the state representatives from Michigan and Wisconsin and their site operators from Detroit and Mayville for their assistance in collecting the Hi-Volume filter samples. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the Schauer group at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Turner group at Washington University-St. Louis for use of the OC filter data from the St. Louis-Midwest Supersite. The information expressed in this paper does not necessarily reflect the policies of the U.S. EPA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D08303 DI 10.1029/2010JD014169 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754KE UT WOS:000289852700002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AP Frank, N Onstad, G Simpson, CD Collett, JL AF Sullivan, A. P. Frank, N. Onstad, G. Simpson, C. D. Collett, J. L., Jr. TI Application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection for measuring carbohydrates in routine daily filter samples collected by a national network: 1. Determination of the impact of biomass burning in the upper Midwest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; LEVOGLUCOSAN; TRACERS; SMOKE; AEROSOLS AB Biomass burning is one of the major sources of organic carbon aerosols. However, there is limited information on the temporal and spatial variability for the impact of biomass burning in most regions of the United States, including the upper Midwest. In an attempt to obtain information on these variabilities, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was employed to measure the smoke marker levoglucosan (and various other carbohydrates) on archived daily Federal Reference Monitor (FRM) Teflon filter samples from the PM2.5 NAAQS compliance monitoring network. Levoglucosan data, along with measurements of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and potassium, from the analysis of FRM samples collected at 10 sites in the upper Midwest from March 2004 through February 2005 are presented. Results suggest that WSOC contains a substantial regional component, summer levoglucosan is dependent on both horizontal and vertical transport of fire emissions, and potassium revealed no clear pattern associated with biomass burning impacts. The contribution of organic carbon due to primary biomass burning particle emissions ranged on average from about 5 to 35%, suggesting that for this study in the upper Midwest, >50% of the WSOC is from secondary organic aerosol rather than biomass burning. In a second paper the results from the measurements of the other carbohydrates that HPAEC-PAD analysis can determine are discussed to investigate their sources and trends. C1 [Sullivan, A. P.; Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frank, N.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Onstad, G.; Simpson, C. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sullivan, AP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sullivan@atmos.colostate.edu RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X FU EPA through the National Park Service FX This work was funded by the EPA through the National Park Service. We would especially like to thank D. M. Kenski from the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium for her help and support throughout the project. We would like to acknowledge the state representatives from Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio for providing the archived filter samples. We would also like to acknowledge the Schauer group at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Turner group at Washington University-St. Louis for use of the OC filter data from the St. Louis-Midwest Supersite. The information expressed in this paper does not necessarily reflect the policies of the U.S. EPA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D08302 DI 10.1029/2010JD014166 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754KE UT WOS:000289852700001 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Hays, MD Dong, Y Williams, DC Logan, R AF Kinsey, J. S. Hays, M. D. Dong, Y. Williams, D. C. Logan, R. TI Chemical Characterization of the Fine Particle Emissions from Commercial Aircraft Engines during the Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment (APEX) 1 to 3 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXHAUST; AEROSOL AB This paper addresses the need for detailed , chemical information on the fine particulate matter (PM) generated by commercial aviation engines. The exhaust plumes of seven turbofan engine models were sampled as part of the three test campaigns of the Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment (APEX). In these experiments, continuous measurements of black carbon (BC) and particle surface-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) were conducted. In addition, time-integrated sampling was performed for bulk elemental composition, water-soluble ions, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and trace semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The continuous BC and PAH monitoring showed a characteristic U-shaped curve of the emission index (EI or mass of pollutant/mass of fuel burned) vs fuel flow for the turbofan engines tested. The time-integrated EIs for both elemental composition and water-soluble ions were heavily dominated by sulfur and SO42-, respectively, with a similar to 2.4% median conversion of fuel S(IV) to particle S(VI). The corrected OC and EC emission indices obtained in this study ranged from 37 to 83 mg/kg and 21 to 275 mg/kg, respectively, with t:he EC/OC ratio ranging from similar to 0.3 to 7 depending on engine type and test conditions. Finally, the particle SVOC EIs varied by as much as 2 orders of magnitude with distinct variations in chemical composition observed for different engine types and operating conditions. C1 [Kinsey, J. S.; Hays, M. D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dong, Y.; Williams, D. C.; Logan, R.] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009; Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3415 EP 3421 DI 10.1021/es103880d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300033 PM 21428391 ER PT J AU Pancras, JP Vedantham, R Landis, MS Norris, GA Ondov, JM AF Pancras, Joseph Patrick Vedantham, Ram Landis, Matthew S. Norris, Gary A. Ondov, John M. TI Application of EPA Unmix and Nonparametric Wind Regression on High Time Resolution Trace Elements and Speciated Mercury in Tampa, Florida Aerosol SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; HOURLY AMBIENT AEROSOL; RECEPTOR MODELS; IDENTIFICATION; EMISSION; PARTICLE; AIR AB Intensive ambient air sampling was conducted in Tampa, FL, during October and November of 2002. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected at 30 min resolution using the Semicontinuous Elements in Aerosol Sampler II (SEAS-II) and analyzed off-line for up to 45 trace elements by high-resolution ICPMS (HR-ICPMS). Divalent reactive gaseous mercury and particulate bound mercury were also measured semicontinuously (2 h). Application of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Unmix receptor model on the 30 min resolution trace metals data set identified eight possible sources: residual oil combustion, lead recycling, coal combustion, a Cd-rich source, biomass burning, marine aerosol, general industrial, and coarse dust contamination. The source contribution estimates from EPA Unmix were then run in a nonparametric wind regression (NWR) model, which convincingly identified plausible source origins. When the 30 mm ambient concentrations of trace elements were time integrated (2 h) and combined with speciated mercury concentrations, the model identified only four sources, some of which appeared to be merged source profiles that were identified as separate sources by using the 30 min resolution data. This work demonstrates that source signatures that can be captured at 30 min resolution may be lost when sampling for longer durations. C1 [Pancras, Joseph Patrick] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Vedantham, Ram; Landis, Matthew S.; Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ondov, John M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pancras, JP (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jpancras@alionscience.com RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FLDEP); University of South Florida (USF); The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development with Alion Science and Technology [EP-D-10-070] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FLDEP) and the University of South Florida (USF) for the financial support through BRACE and AQ200 projects. We thank Tom Atkeson and Robert K. Stevens of FLDEP for their support of this research; Professor Noreen Poor and Dr. Amy Stuart of USF for guidance and overseeing BRACE and AQ200; and the Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission for providing information on local sources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed some of the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 with Alion Science and Technology. The work presented in this article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3511 EP 3518 DI 10.1021/es103400h PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300046 PM 21401082 ER PT J AU Miller, AW Frazier, M Smith, GE Perry, ES Ruiz, GM Tamburri, MN AF Miller, A. Whitman Frazier, Melanie Smith, George E. Perry, Elgin S. Ruiz, Gregory M. Tamburri, Mario N. TI Enumerating Sparse Organisms in Ships' Ballast Water: Why Counting to 10 Is Not So Easy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL POWER; PARTICLE AB To reduce ballast water-borne aquatic invasions worldwide, the International Maritime Organization and United States Coast Guard have each proposed discharge standards specifying maximum concentrations of living biota that may be released in ships' ballast water (BW), but these regulations still lack guidance for standardized type approval and compliance testing of treatment systems. Verifying whether BW meets a discharge standard poses significant challenges. Properly treated BW will contain extremely sparse numbers of live organisms, and robust estimates of rare events require extensive sampling efforts. A balance of analytical rigor and practicality is essential to determine the volume of BIN that can be reasonably sampled and processed, yet yield accurate live counts. We applied statistical modeling to a range of sample volumes, plankton concentrations, and regulatory scenarios (i.e., levels of type I and type II errors), and calculated the statistical power of each combination to detect noncompliant discharge concentrations. The model expressly addresses the roles of sampling error, BW volume, and burden of proof on the detection of noncompliant discharges in order to establish a rigorous lower limit of sampling volume. The potential effects of recovery errors (i.e., incomplete recovery and detection of live biota) in relation to sample volume are also discussed. C1 [Miller, A. Whitman; Smith, George E.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Tamburri, Mario N.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Maritime Environm Resource Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Miller, AW (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM millerw@si.edu RI Frazier, Melanie/A-2367-2012; Tamburri, Mario/F-7193-2013; OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU Maryland Port Administration [508923]; U.S. Maritime Administration [DTMA1H0003]; USCG/National Ballast Information Clearinghouse [HSCG23-06-C-MMS065]; U.S. EPA [EP08D00051] FX Support was provided in part by the Maryland Port Administration (508923) and U.S. Maritime Administration (DTMA1H0003) to the Maritime Environmental Resource Center; USCG/National Ballast Information Clearinghouse for A.W.M. (HSCG23-06-C-MMS065); as well as by a U.S. EPA postdoctoral fellowships to M.F. (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and NHEERL). We thank the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) Working Group on Ballast and Other Ship Vectors, as well as G. F. Riedel, H. Lee II, D. A. Reusser, R A. Everett, M. S. Minton, and K. J. Klug for their comments and suggestions on our analyses. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3539 EP 3546 DI 10.1021/es102790d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300050 PM 21434685 ER PT J AU Poynton, HC Taylor, NS Hicks, J Colson, K Chan, SR Clark, C Scanlan, L Loguinov, AV Vulpe, C Viant, MR AF Poynton, Helen C. Taylor, Nadine S. Hicks, Joshua Colson, Kimberly Chan, Sarah Clark, Candace Scanlan, Leona Loguinov, Alexandre V. Vulpe, Chris Viant, Mark R. TI Metabolomics of Microliter Hemolymph Samples Enables an Improved Understanding of the Combined Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Daphnia magna to Cadmium SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; POWERFUL APPROACH; TOXIC STRESS; BIOMARKERS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; METABONOMICS; CRUSTACEANS; DISCOVERY; LEVEL; NO AB Omic technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to better understand mode (s)-of-toxicity and downstream secondary effects by providing a holistic view of the molecular changes underlying physiological disruption. Crustacean hemolymph represents a largely untapped biochemical resource for such toxicity studies. We sought to characterize changes in the hemolymph metabolome and whole-body transcriptome to reveal early processes leading to chronic toxicity in the indicator species, Daphnia magna, after 24-h sublethal cadmium exposure (18 mu g/L, corresponding to 1/10 LC50). We first confirmed that metabolites can be detected and identified in small volumes (similar to 3-6 mu L) of D. magna hemolymph using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Subsequently, mass spectrometry based metabolomics of hemolymph identified disruption to two major classes of metabolites: amino acids and fatty acids. These findings were compared to differentially expressed genes identified by a D. magna 44k oligonucleotide microarray, which included decreased levels of digestive enzymes and increased expression of cuticle proteins and oxidative stress response genes. The combination of metabolic and transcriptional changes revealed through KEGG pathway analysis and gene ontology, respectively, enabled a more complete understanding of how cadmium disrupts nutrient uptake and metabolism, ultimately resulting in decreased energy reserves and chronic toxicity. C1 [Taylor, Nadine S.; Viant, Mark R.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Poynton, Helen C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Poynton, Helen C.; Chan, Sarah; Clark, Candace; Scanlan, Leona; Loguinov, Alexandre V.; Vulpe, Chris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hicks, Joshua; Colson, Kimberly] Bruker Biospin, Billerica, MA USA. RP Viant, MR (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM M.Viant@bham.ac.uk RI Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009 OI Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119 FU US National Science Foundation [BES-0504603]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NER/S/A/2006/14053]; US EPA through its Office of Research and Development FX This work was supported by a grant from the US National Science Foundation (BES-0504603). N.S.T. thanks the UK Natural Environment Research Council for a Ph.D. studentship (NER/S/A/2006/14053). The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. We thank Drs. David Lattier, Timothy Collette and Richard Connon for their helpful review of the manuscript. We also acknowledge the laboratories of Drs. Amanda Callaghan, Wim de Coen, Youping Deng, Edward Perkins, and Hajime Watanabe for their contributions to the Daphnia magna oligonucleotide microarray described here. Finally we thank Dr. Andrew Southam, Ralf Weber, and Tom White for assistance with the metabolite identification. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3710 EP 3717 DI 10.1021/es1037222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300073 PM 21417318 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Pressman, J White, C Speth, TF McCurry, DL AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Pressman, Jonathan White, Colin Speth, Thomas F. McCurry, Daniel L. TI Novel thermally stable poly(vinyl chloride) composites for sulfate removal SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Composites; Poly(vinyl chloride); Thermogravimetric analysis; Sulfate removal; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); X-ray diffraction (XRD) ID PVC-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMERIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; BLENDS AB BaCO3 dispersed PVC composites were prepared through a polymer re-precipitation method. The composites were tested for sulfate removal using rapid small scale column test (RSSCT) and found to significantly reduce sulfate concentration. The method was extended to synthesize barium carbonate-loaded silica aero-gels-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer composites. The PVC composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. The method has advantages over conventional sulfate precipitation (sulfate removal process) using BaCO3 wherein clogging of the filter can be avoided. The method is environmentally friendly and does not interfere with natural organic matter as the conventional resin does. Some of the composites were thermally more stable as compared with the pure PVC discussed in the literature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Pressman, Jonathan; White, Colin; Speth, Thomas F.; McCurry, Daniel L.] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has ben subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has ben approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 188 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747QK UT WOS:000289334300003 PM 21277679 ER PT J AU Blanco, I Lara, B De Serres, F AF Blanco, Ignacio Lara, Beatriz De Serres, Frederick TI Efficacy of alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy in conditions other than pulmonary emphysema SO ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ZZ ALPHA(1)-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; PLASMA PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; IN-VITRO; ALPHA(1)-PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; ALPHA-1-PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; CELL PROLIFERATION AB Up to now alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) augmentation therapy has been approved only for commercial use in selected adults with severe AAT deficiency-related pulmonary emphysema (i.e. PI*ZZ genotypes as well as combinations of Z, rare and null alleles expressing AAT serum concentrations <11 mu mol/L). However, the compassionate use of augmentation therapy in recent years has proven outstanding efficacy in small cohorts of patients suffering from uncommon AAT deficiency-related diseases other than pulmonary emphysema, such as fibromyalgia, systemic vasculitis, relapsing panniculitis and bronchial asthma. Moreover, a series of preclinical studies provide evidence of the efficacy of AAT augmentation therapy in several infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and organ transplant rejection. These facts have generated an expanding number of medical applications and patents with claims for other indications of AAT besides pulmonary emphysema. The aim of the present study is to compile and analyze both clinical and histological features of the aforementioned published case studies and reports where AAT augmentation therapy was used for conditions other than pulmonary emphysema. Particularly, our research refers to ten case reports and two clinical trials on AAT augmentation therapy in patients with both AAT deficiency and, at least, one of the following diseases: fibromyalgia, vasculitis, panniculitis and bronchial asthma. In all the cases, AAT was successfully applied whereas previous maximal conventional therapies had failed. In conclusion, laboratory studies in animals and humans as well as larger clinical trials should be, thus, performed in order to determine both the strong clinical efficacy and security of AAT in the treatment of conditions other than pulmonary emphysema. C1 [Blanco, Ignacio] Biomed Res Off OIB FICYT, Oviedo 33009, Principality As, Spain. [Lara, Beatriz] Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Inst Recerca Biomed Lleida IRB, CIBERES Inst Salud Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [De Serres, Frederick] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Blanco, I (reprint author), Biomed Res Off OIB FICYT, Rosal 7, Oviedo 33009, Principality As, Spain. EM ignablanco@yahoo.com NR 82 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1750-1172 J9 ORPHANET J RARE DIS JI Orphanet J. Rare Dis. PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 6 AR 14 DI 10.1186/1750-1172-6-14 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 762MP UT WOS:000290483400001 PM 21486454 ER PT J AU Budinger, GRS McKell, JL Urich, D Foiles, N Weiss, I Chiarella, SE Gonzalez, A Soberanes, S Ghio, AJ Nigdelioglu, R Mutlu, EA Radigan, KA Green, D Kwaan, HC Mutlu, GM AF Budinger, G. R. Scott McKell, Joanne L. Urich, Daniela Foiles, Nancy Weiss, Ivy Chiarella, Sergio E. Gonzalez, Angel Soberanes, Saul Ghio, Andrew J. Nigdelioglu, Recep Mutlu, Ece A. Radigan, Kathryn A. Green, David Kwaan, Hau C. Mutlu, Goekhan M. TI Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation Increases Systemic Levels of PAI-1 and Activates Coagulation Through Distinct Mechanisms SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DIESEL-EXHAUST INHALATION; FACTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR; AIR-POLLUTION PARTICLES; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TISSUE FACTOR; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; EXPOSURE AB Background: Exposure of human populations to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution significantly contributes to the mortality attributable to ischemic cardiovascular events. We reported that mice treated with intratracheally instilled PM develop a prothrombotic state that requires the release of IL-6 by alveolar macrophages. We sought to determine whether exposure of mice to PM increases the levels of PAI-1, a major regulator of thrombolysis, via a similar or distinct mechanism. Methods and Principal Findings: Adult, male C57BL/6 and IL-6 knock out (IL-6(-/-)) mice were exposed to either concentrated ambient PM less than 2.5 mu m (CAPs) or filtered air 8 hours daily for 3 days or were exposed to either urban particulate matter or PBS via intratracheal instillation and examined 24 hours later. Exposure to CAPs or urban PM resulted in the IL-6 dependent activation of coagulation in the lung and systemically. PAI-1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the lung and adipose tissue of mice treated with CAPs or PM compared with filtered air or PBS controls. The increase in PAI-1 was similar in wild-type and IL-6(-/-) mice but was absent in mice treated with etanercept, a TNF-alpha inhibitor. Treatment with etanercept did not prevent the PM-induced tendency toward thrombus formation. Conclusions: Mice exposed to inhaled PM exhibited a TNF-alpha-dependent increase in PAI-1 and an IL-6-dependent activation of coagulation. These results suggest that multiple mechanisms link PM-induced lung inflammation with the development of a prothrombotic state. C1 [Budinger, G. R. Scott; McKell, Joanne L.; Urich, Daniela; Chiarella, Sergio E.; Gonzalez, Angel; Soberanes, Saul; Nigdelioglu, Recep; Radigan, Kathryn A.; Mutlu, Goekhan M.] Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Foiles, Nancy; Weiss, Ivy; Green, David; Kwaan, Hau C.] Northwestern Univ, Div Hematol & Oncol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mutlu, Ece A.] Rush Univ, Sect Gastroenterol & Nutr, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Budinger, GRS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-mutlu@northwestern.edu FU NIH [ES015024, ES013995, P01HL071643]; Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (NUCATS) [UL1 RR025741]; NMH FX Sources of funding: NIH ES015024 (GMM), ES013995 (GRSB) and P01HL071643 (GMM and GRSB) and the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (NUCATS) CTI Pilot Award (GMM) (UL1 RR025741) and NMH Dixon Young Investigator Grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 11 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e18525 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018525 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747XH UT WOS:000289354100016 PM 21494547 ER PT J AU Virkutyte, J Varma, RS AF Virkutyte, Jurate Varma, Rajender S. TI Photoinduced catalytic adsorption of model contaminants on Bi/Cu pillared montmorillonite in the visible light range SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pillared clay; Catalytic adsorbent; Visible light; Methyl orange; Dichlorophenol; Quantum efficiency ID PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; EXCHANGED MONTMORILLONITE; ACTIVATED CARBONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; AZO-DYE; OXIDATION; CLAY; PHENOL; K10; PERFORMANCES AB Montmorillonite K10 clay was pillared with BiCl3 and Cu(NO3)(2) to extend its applicability as catalytic adsorbent to degrade aqueous solution of anionic azo-dye methyl orange (MO) in the presence of visible light irradiation. The preparation of Bi/Cu-montmorillonite utilized benign precursors, mild reaction conditions and avoided the use of organic solvents. The as-prepared catalytic adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Surface morphology was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS. The solution phase photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of a relevant concentration of MO and dichlorophenol (DCP) in the presence of visible light irradiation from 300 W metal halogen desk lamp. Bi/Cu-pillared montmorillonite completely destroyed and bleached MO (initial concentration of 160 mg L-1 after adsorption in the dark) and completely degraded DCP (initial concentration of 86 mg L-1 after adsorption in the dark) in 120 and 240 min, respectively. It was also observed that the most effective dosage for the removal of MO and DCP, respectively, was 1 g L-1 (98% and 95% removal efficiencies) followed by 0.5 (82% and 70%), 2 (80% and 70%) and 3 g L-1 (75% and 65%). The reaction rates at 1 g L-1 catalyst loadings were k(d) 2.1 x 10(-2) min(-1) and 1.18 x 10(-2) min(-1) for MO and DCP, respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) decreased by 95 and 70% in 120 and 240 min of the treatment when MO and DCP, respectively, were introduced. Actual turnovers (ATON), turnover frequency (TOF) and quantum efficiency (Q(e)) for MO, which was selected as the representative target contaminant for the photo-induced adsorption process, were 12.5, 6.25 h(-1) and 43.8%, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Virkutyte, Jurate; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Virkutyte.Jurate@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov FU US EPA FX This research was performed while Jurate Virkutyte held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at US EPA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 EI 1873-3794 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD APR 11 PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.02.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 750YQ UT WOS:000289584700012 ER PT J AU Yee, SH Santavy, DL Barron, MG AF Yee, Susan Harrell Santavy, Deborah L. Barron, Mace G. TI Assessing the effects of disease and bleaching on Florida Keys corals by fitting population models to data SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coral bleaching; Coral disease transmission; Epidemiological models; Epizootiology; Model selection; Florida Keys ID REEF-BUILDING CORALS; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; WHITE-BAND DISEASE; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ACROPORA-PALMATA; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; DYNAMICS; PATHOGEN; TRANSMISSION AB Coral diseases have increased in frequency over the past few decades and have important influences on the structure and composition of coral reef communities. However, there is limited information on the etiologies of many coral diseases, and pathways through which coral diseases are acquired and transmitted are still in question. Furthermore, it is difficult to assess the impacts of disease on coral populations because outbreaks often co-occur with temperature-induced bleaching and anthropogenic stressors. We developed spatially explicit population models of coral disease and bleaching dynamics to quantify the impact of six common diseases on Florida Keys corals, including aspergillosis, dark spots, white band, white plague, white patch, and Caribbean yellow band. Models were fit to an 8-year data set of coral abundance, disease prevalence, and bleaching prevalence. Model selection was used to assess alternative pathways for disease transmission, and the influence of environmental stressors, including sea temperature and human population density, on disease prevalence and coral mortality. Classic disease transmission from contagious to susceptible colonies provided the best-fit model only for aspergillosis. For other diseases, external disease forcing, such as through a vector or directly from pathogens in the environment, provided the best fit to observed data. Estimates of disease reproductive ratio values (R(0)) were less than one for each disease, indicating coral colonies were below densities required for diseases to become established through contagious spread alone. Incidences of white band and white patch disease were associated with greater susceptibility or slower recovery of bleached colonies, and no disease outbreaks were associated with periods of elevated sea temperatures alone. Projections of best-fit models indicated that, atleast during the period of this study, disease and bleaching did not have substantial impacts on populations and impaired rates of population growth appeared to be attributable to other stressors. By applying epidemiological models to field data, our study gives qualitative insights into the dynamics of coral diseases, relative stressor impacts, and directions for future research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yee, Susan Harrell; Santavy, Deborah L.; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Yee, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM yee.susan@epa.gov FU U.S. E.P.A.; N.O.A.A. FX We thank G. Dwyer for comments on this manuscript, and B. Schaeffer for processing of remote sensing data. Ship support was provided by U.S. E.P.A. (O.S.V. Anderson) and N.O.A.A. (R.V. Nancy Foster). Primary survey support was provided by: J. Campbell, L. MacLaughlin, E. Mueller, J. Patrick, M. Parsons, and R. Quarles, with the assistance of many others. This work was conducted under research permits to D.L.S, E. Mueller, and L. MacLaughlin by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Dry Tortugas National Park, and Biscayne National Park from 1998 to 2005. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 7 BP 1323 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.01.009 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 742HL UT WOS:000288932000007 ER PT J AU Burns, KA Li, Y Arao, Y Petrovich, RM Korach, KS AF Burns, Katherine A. Li, Yin Arao, Yukitomo Petrovich, Robert M. Korach, Kenneth S. TI Selective Mutations in Estrogen Receptor alpha D-domain Alters Nuclear Translocation and Non-estrogen Response Element Gene Regulatory Mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID-BINDING; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; ER-ALPHA; HINGE REGION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; LYSINE METHYLATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; EXPORT SIGNALS AB The three main mechanisms of ER alpha action are: 1) nuclear, genomic, direct DNA binding, 2) nuclear, genomic, "tethered"-mediated, protein-protein interactions, and 3) non-nuclear, non-genomic, rapid action responses. Reports suggest the D-domain or hinge region of ER alpha plays an important role in mechanisms 1 and 2 above. Studies demonstrating the functionality of the ER alpha hinge region have resected the full D-domain; therefore, site directed mutations were made to attribute precise sequence functionality to this domain. This study focuses on the characterization and properties of three novel site directed ER alpha-D-domain mutants. The Hinge 1 (H1) ER alpha mutant has disrupted nuclear localization, can no longer perform tethered mediated responses and has lost interaction with c-Jun, but retains estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated functions as demonstrated by confocal microscopy, reporter assays, endogenous gene expression and co-immunoprecipitation. The H2 ER alpha mutant is non-nuclear, but translocates to the nucleus with estradiol (E-2) treatment and maintains ERE-mediated functionality. The H2 + NES ER alpha mutant does not maintain nuclear translocation with hormone binding, no longer activates ERE-target genes, functions in ERE-or tethered-mediated luciferase assays, but does retain the non-genomic, non-nuclear, rapid action response. These studies reveal the sequence(s) in the ER alpha hinge region that are involved in tethered-mediated actions as well as nuclear localization and attribute important functionality to this region of the receptor. In addition, the properties of these ER alpha mutants will allow future studies to further dissect and characterize the three main ER alpha mechanisms of action and determine the mechanistic role each action has in estrogen hormone regulation. C1 [Burns, Katherine A.; Li, Yin; Arao, Yukitomo; Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Petrovich, Robert M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Prot Express Core Facil, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Korach, KS (reprint author), 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27790 USA. EM Korach@niehs.nih.gov OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU National Institutes of Health [Z01ES70065, Z01ES102487-01] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants Z01ES70065 and Z01ES102487-01. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 14 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.187773 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 744EN UT WOS:000289077500075 PM 21285458 ER PT J AU Kay, RT Groschen, GE Cygan, G Dupre, DH AF Kay, Robert T. Groschen, George E. Cygan, Gary Dupre, David H. TI Diel cycles in dissolved barium, lead, iron, vanadium, and nitrite in a stream draining a former zinc smelter site near Hegeler, Illinois SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diel variation; Acid drainage; Nitrite; Trace metals ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MONTANA; RIVER; PH; SCHWERTMANNITE; PHOTOREDUCTION; GOETHITE; BEHAVIOR AB Diel variations in the concentrations of a number of constituents have the potential to substantially affect the appropriate sampling regimen in acidic streams. Samples taken once during the course of the day cannot adequately reflect diel variations in water quality and may result in an inaccurate understanding of biogeochemical processes, ecological conditions, and of the threat posed by the water to human health and the associated wildlife. Surface water and groundwater affected by acid drainage were sampled every 60 to 90 min over a 48-hour period at a former zinc smelter known as the Hegeler Zinc Superfund Site, near Hegeler, Illinois. Diel variations related to water quality in the aquifer were not observed in groundwater. Diel variations were observed in the temperature, pH, and concentration of dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, iron, lead, vanadium, and possibly uranium in surface water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, lead, and uranium generally attained maximum values during the afternoon and minimum values during the night. Iron, vanadium, and pH generally attained minimum values during the afternoon and maximum values during the night. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic activity and respiration, which are dependent upon insolation. Nitrite, an intermediary in many nitrogen reactions, may have been formed by the oxidation of ammonium by dissolved oxygen and converted to other nitrogen species as part of the decomposition of organic matter. The timing of the pH cycles was distinctly different from the cycles found in Midwestern alkaline streams and likely was the result of the photoreduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Diel cycles of iron and vanadium also were primarily the result of variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. The diel variation in the concentrations of lead, uranium, and barium may have been affected by competition with Fe+2 for sorption sites on hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kay, Robert T.; Groschen, George E.; Dupre, David H.] US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cygan, Gary] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Kay, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rtkay@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.10.009 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800010 ER PT J AU Melnick, RL Huff, J AF Melnick, Ronald L. Huff, James TI Lorenzo Tomatis and primary prevention of environmental cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environment and Cancer CY JUN 04-05, 2009 CL Turin, ITALY ID RISKS; IDENTIFICATION AB The leading 20(th) century proponent for primary prevention of environmental cancer was Dr. Lorenzo Tomatis, the former Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and founder of the IARC Monographs program. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Tomatis - eminent scientist, scholar, teacher, humanitarian, and public health champion - and includes many perspectives that he promoted throughout his career, with original quotations from some of his scientific writings on primary prevention of environmental cancer. Any attempt by us to simply summarize his views would only detract from the power and logic of his language. "Cancer still remains a mainly lethal disease. Primary prevention remains the most relevant approach to reduce mortality through a reduction in incidence" [1]. C1 [Melnick, Ronald L.] Ron Melnick Consulting LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Huff, James] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Melnick, RL (reprint author), Ron Melnick Consulting LLC, 111 Roundtree Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM ron.melnick@gmail.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 10 SU 1 AR S14 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-10-S1-S14 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759II UT WOS:000290233600014 PM 21489210 ER PT J AU Gavidia, T Brune, MN McCarty, KM Pronczuk, J Etzel, R Neira, M Carpenter, DO Suk, WA Arnold, RG Ha, EH Sly, PD AF Gavidia, Tania Brune, Marie-Noel McCarty, Kathleen M. Pronczuk, Jenny Etzel, Ruth Neira, Maria Carpenter, David O. Suk, William A. Arnold, Robert G. Ha, Eun Hee Sly, Peter D. TI Children's environmental health-from knowledge to action SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gavidia, Tania; Sly, Peter D.] WHO Collaborating Ctr Res Childrens Environm Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia. [Brune, Marie-Noel; Pronczuk, Jenny; Etzel, Ruth; Neira, Maria] WHO, Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [McCarty, Kathleen M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Pronczuk, Jenny] Univ Republica, Dept Toxicol, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Carpenter, David O.] SUNY Albany, Inst Hlth & Environm, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Suk, William A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Arnold, Robert G.] Univ Arizona, Chem & Environm Engn Dept, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ha, Eun Hee] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Sly, Peter D.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Childrens Med Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. RP Sly, PD (reprint author), WHO Collaborating Ctr Res Childrens Environm Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia. EM p.sly@uq.edu.au RI Sly, Peter/F-1486-2010 OI Sly, Peter/0000-0001-6305-2201 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 2 PY 2011 VL 377 IS 9772 BP 1134 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60929-4 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 750IH UT WOS:000289539300009 PM 20667587 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Knghtes, CD AF Golden, Heather E. Knghtes, Christopher D. TI SIMULATED WATERSHED MERCURY AND NITRATE FLUX RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE LAND COVER CONVERSION SCENARIOS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Nitrate; Land cover change; Watersheds; Models ID ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN SATURATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL STRUCTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; QUALITY; EXPORT; CATCHMENTS AB Water quality and toxic exposure science is transitioning towards analysis of multiple stressors rather than one particular environmental concern (e.g., mercury) or a group of similarly reacting chemicals (e.g., nutrients). However, two of the most important water quality constituents affecting both human and ecosystem health today, reactive nitrogen (N(r)) and methylmercury (MeHg), are often assessed separately for their independent effects on water quality. With the continued pressure of landscape modifications on water quality, a challenge remains in understanding the concurrent watershed flux response of both N(r) and MeHg to such physical stressors, particularly at the spatial scale (regional watersheds) and within the mixed land cover type systems that most decision-making processes are conducted. We simulate the annual average and monthly flux responses of Hg (MeHg and total mercury [HgT]), NO(3)-N, and runoff to four land cover change scenarios in the Haw River Watershed (NC, USA), a headwater system in the Cape Fear River Basin. Fluxes are simulated using a process-based, spatially explicit watershed Grid-Based Mercury Model (GBMM) and a NO(3)-N watershed flux model we developed to link to GBMM. Results suggest that annual NO(3)-N and Hg fluxes increase and decrease concomitantly to land cover change; however, the magnitude of the changes in NO(3)-N, MeHg, HgT, and water fluxes vary considerably between different land cover conversion scenarios. Converting pasture land to a suburbanized landscape elicited the greatest increase in runoff and MeHg, HgT, and NO(3)-N fluxes among all four conversion scenarios. Our findings provide insight for multi-stressor ecological exposure research and management of coastal eutrophication resulting from elevated N(r) loadings and exposure risk due to elevated concentrations of MeHg in fish tissue. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:773-786. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Golden, Heather E.; Knghtes, Christopher D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA USA. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM golden.heather@epa.gov RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011 OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696 NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 773 EP 786 DI 10.1002/etc.449 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 737TP UT WOS:000288591400001 PM 21191878 ER PT J AU Shindell, D Faluvegi, G Walsh, M Anenberg, SC Van Dingenen, R Muller, NZ Austin, J Koch, D Milly, G AF Shindell, Drew Faluvegi, Greg Walsh, Michael Anenberg, Susan C. Van Dingenen, Rita Muller, Nicholas Z. Austin, Jeff Koch, Dorothy Milly, George TI Climate, health, agricultural and economic impacts of tighter vehicle-emission standards SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE; STRATEGIES; MORTALITY; BENEFITS; SECTORS; ROAD AB Non-CO2 air pollutants from motor vehicles have traditionally been controlled to protect air quality and health, but also affect climate. We use global composition-climate modelling to examine the integrated impacts of adopting stringent European on-road vehicle-emission standards for these pollutants in 2015 in many developing countries. Relative to no extra controls, the tight standards lead to annual benefits in 2030 and beyond of 120,000-280,000 avoided premature air pollution-related deaths, 6.1-19.7 million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops, $1.50.6-2.4 trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3 billion avoided agricultural damage, and mitigation of 0.20 (+0.14/-0.17)degrees C of Northern Hemisphere extratropical warming during 2040-2070. Tighter vehicle-emission standards are thus extremely likely to mitigate short-term climate change in most cases, in addition to providing large improvements in human health and food security. These standards will not reduce CO2 emissions, however, which is required to mitigate long-term climate change. C1 [Shindell, Drew; Faluvegi, Greg; Koch, Dorothy; Milly, George] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, Drew; Faluvegi, Greg; Koch, Dorothy; Milly, George] Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Walsh, Michael] Int Council Clean Transportat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Anenberg, Susan C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Anenberg, Susan C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Van Dingenen, Rita] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Muller, Nicholas Z.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Econ, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Austin, Jeff] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Shindell, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012 FU NASA; ClimateWorks Foundation; California Air Resources Board FX We thank the NASA Applied Sciences program, the ClimateWorks Foundation and the California Air Resources Board for supporting this work. We also thank T. Bond for gridding the emissions, M. Brauer for providing the PM2.5-measurement database, J. West for assistance with the population projection, B. Croes and D. Luo at GARB for their assistance and the UNEP/WMO Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone team for discussions. Conclusions expressed in this article are the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their employers. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1066 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 805HS UT WOS:000293718100025 ER PT J AU Hall, SJ Sponseller, RA Grimm, NB Huber, D Kaye, JP Clark, C Collins, SL AF Hall, Sharon J. Sponseller, Ryan A. Grimm, Nancy B. Huber, David Kaye, Jason P. Clark, Christopher Collins, Scott L. TI Ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment across an urban airshed in the Sonoran Desert SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia; arid ecosystem; Larrea tridentata; N deposition; nitrogen fertilization; Pectocarya spp.; phosphorus; Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA; urban environments; winter ephemeral annual plants ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEM; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; ANNUAL PLANTS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; HARDWOOD FOREST AB Rates of nitrogen (N) deposition have increased in arid and semiarid ecosystems, but few studies have examined the impacts of long-term N enrichment on ecological processes in deserts. We conducted a multiyear, nutrient-addition study within 15 Sonoran Desert sites across the rapidly growing metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona (USA). We hypothesized that desert plants and soils would be sensitive to N enrichment, but that these effects would vary among functional groups that differ in terms of physiological responsiveness, proximity to surface N sources, and magnitude of carbon (C) or water limitation. Inorganic N additions augmented net potential nitrification in soils, moreso than net potential N mineralization, highlighting the important role of nitrifying microorganisms in the nitrate economy of drylands. Winter annual plants were also responsive to nutrient additions, exhibiting a climate-driven cascade of resource limitation, from little to no production in seasons of low rainfall (winter 2006 and 2007), to moderate N limitation with average precipitation (winter 2009), to limitation by both N and P in a season of above-normal rainfall (winter 2008). Herbaceous production is a potentially important mechanism of N retention in arid ecosystems, capable of immobilizing an amount equal to or greater than that deposited annually to soils in this urban airshed. However, interannual variability in precipitation and abiotic processes that limit the incorporation of detrital organic matter into soil pools may limit this role over the long term. In contrast, despite large experimental additions of N and P over four years, growth of Larrea tridentata, the dominant perennial plant of the Sonoran Desert, was unresponsive to nutrient enrichment, even during wet years. Finally, there did not appear to be strong ecological interactions between nutrient addition and location relative to the city, despite the nearby activity of nearly four million people, perhaps due to loss or transfer pathways that limit long-term N enrichment of ecosystems by the urban atmosphere. C1 [Hall, Sharon J.; Grimm, Nancy B.; Huber, David; Collins, Scott L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sponseller, Ryan A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Kaye, Jason P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Clark, Christopher] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Grp, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hall, SJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM sharonjhall@asu.edu RI Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Hall, Sharon/K-7893-2012; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0514382, DEB-0937397, DEB-0423704 (CAP LTER)] FX Special thanks to Alex Buyantuvey, Elizabeth Cook, Stevan Earl, Sara Eckert, Daniel Gonzales, Corinna Gries, Tamara Harms, Cathy Kochert, Yevgeniy Marusenko, Sam Norlin, Yun Ouyang, Jennifer Riddell, Quincy Stewart, and undergraduates Bony Ahmed, Cortney Alderman, Michelle Schmoker, and Erica Warkus for thoughtful discussions and assistance with map-making, data collection, statistical analyses, and database management. This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-0514382, DEB-0937397, and DEB-0423704 (CAP LTER). NR 125 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 84 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 640 EP 660 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764VA UT WOS:000290661300002 PM 21639034 ER PT J AU Osland, MJ Gonzalez, E Richardson, CJ AF Osland, Michael J. Gonzalez, Eugenio Richardson, Curtis J. TI Restoring diversity after cattail expansion: disturbance, resilience, and seasonality in a tropical dry wetland SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE clonal plant; Costa Rica; invasive plant management; mechanical disturbance; nitrogen limitation; N:P stoichiometry; Palo Verde National Park; regime shift; seasonal flooding and drought; seed bank; Typha domingensis; wetland restoration ID PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; REGIME SHIFTS; COSTA-RICA; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; TYPHA-DOMINGENSIS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; EVERGLADES AB As the human footprint expands, ecologists and resource managers are increasingly challenged to explain and manage abrupt ecosystem transformations (i.e., regime shifts). In this study, we investigated the role of a mechanical disturbance that has been used to restore and maintain local wetland diversity after a monotypic regime shift in northwestern Costa Rica [specifically, an abrupt landscape-scale cattail (Typha) expansion]. The study was conducted in Palo Verde Marsh (Palo Verde National Park; a RAMSAR Wetland of International Importance), a seasonally flooded freshwater wetland that has historically provided habitat for large populations of wading birds and waterfowl. A cattail (T. domingensis) expansion in the 1980s greatly altered the plant community and reduced avian habitat. Since then, Typha has been managed using a form of mechanical disturbance called fangueo (a Spanish word, pronounced "fahn-gay-yo" in English). We applied a Typha removal treatment at three levels (control, fangueo, and fangueo with fencing to exclude cattle grazing). Fangueo resulted in a large reduction in Typha dominance (i.e., decreased aboveground biomass, ramet density, and ramet height) and an increase in habitat heterogeneity. As in many ecosystems that have been defined by multiple and frequent disturbances, a large portion of the plant community regenerated after disturbance (via propagule banking) and fangueo resulted in a more diverse plant community that was strongly dictated by seasonal processes (i.e., distinct wet-and dry-season assemblages). Importantly, the mechanical disturbance had no apparent short-term impact on any of the soil properties we measured (including bulk density). Interestingly, low soil and foliar N:P values indicate that Palo Verde Marsh and other wetlands in the region may be nitrogen limited. Our results quantify how, in a cultural landscape where the historical disturbance regime has been altered and diversity has declined, a mechanical disturbance in combination with seasonal drought and flooding has been used to locally restrict a clonal monodominant plant expansion, create habitat heterogeneity, and maintain plant diversity. C1 [Osland, Michael J.; Richardson, Curtis J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Wetland Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gonzalez, Eugenio] Org Trop Studies, Palo Verde Biol Stn, Bagaces, Costa Rica. [Osland, Michael J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Gonzalez, Eugenio] Texas A&M Univ, Soltis Ctr Res & Educ, San Isidro Penas Blancas, Fortuna San Car, Costa Rica. RP Osland, MJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Wetland Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM osland.michael@epa.gov RI Osland, Michael/D-1814-2014 OI Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU OTS; MINAE; Fulbright Fellowship; NSF; Duke University; Duke Wetland Center Case Studies Endowment FX We are grateful to A. Osland, A. McHugh, A. Blanco Sibaja, and D. Gonzalez for their assistance both in the field and lab. G. Murillo provided valuable logistical assistance. The soil and vegetation analyses were improved by the help of W. Willis, P. Heine, and M. Ho. The hydrology and climate data were obtained from OTS records with the assistance of J. Serrano and W. Lopez. We appreciate the support provided by OTS and MINAE. N. Gonzalez provided the assistance needed to implement the fangueo treatments. A. Daniels, S. Hall, J. Sexton, A. Sutton-Grier, C. Wigand, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was conducted with the support of a Fulbright Fellowship, an NSF IRES Grant, an OTS Research Fellowship, a Duke University Graduate School Pre-Dissertation Research Travel Award, a Duke University Provost's Pre-Dissertation International Field Research Grant, and the Duke Wetland Center Case Studies Endowment. The information in this document has been subjected to review by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1383 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 80 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 12 U2 65 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 715 EP 728 DI 10.1890/09-0981.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764VA UT WOS:000290661300007 PM 21639039 ER PT J AU Grosholz, E Lovell, S Besedin, E Katz, M AF Grosholz, Edwin Lovell, Sabrina Besedin, Elena Katz, Marilyn TI Modeling the impacts of the European green crab on commercial shellfisheries SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Carcinus maenas; commercial shellfish; economic impacts; estuarine habitat; European green crab; invasive species; Mercenaria mercenaria; Mya arenaria; North American West Coast; population dynamics; predator-prey interactions; shellfish market model ID MYA-ARENARIA L.; CARCINUS-MAENAS L.; SOFT-SHELL CLAM; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; INTRODUCED CRAB; ECONOMIC COSTS; EASTERN MAINE; UNITED-STATES; ST-LAWRENCE AB Coastal resource managers are often tasked with managing coastal ecosystems that are stressed by overexploitation, climate change, contaminants, and habitat loss, as well as biological invasions. Therefore, managers increasingly need better economic data to help them prioritize their management strategies and distribute their increasingly limited resources to those strategies. Despite frequent pronouncements about the substantial ecological and economic impacts of invasive species, there have been few if any rigorous analyses of the economic impacts of invasive species in coastal systems. Here we present a bioeconomic analysis of the impacts of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas, on commercial shellfisheries along the West Coast of the United States. Green crabs are among the most comprehensively studied and widely distributed invasive species in coastal systems, with established populations on every continent except Antarctica. Their impacts on commercial bivalve fisheries have been alleged or substantiated to varying degrees, but no formal analysis of the economic impacts of the green crab has been conducted. We assess economic impacts using a combination of ecological and economic models. The ecological models incorporate green crab dispersal and description of estuarine habitat and the relationship between green crab abundance and predation on prey populations. The economic analysis focuses on the green crab impacts on commercial shellfisheries, including both historical and present impacts of green crabs on several important shellfisheries, including soft-shell clams, blue mussels, scallops, hard-shell clams, and Manila clams. We conclude that the past and present economic impacts on the West Coast shellfisheries are minor, although losses could increase significantly if densities increase or with northward range expansion into Alaska. C1 [Grosholz, Edwin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lovell, Sabrina] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Besedin, Elena] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Katz, Marilyn] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grosholz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tedgrosholz@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. EPA; NOAA under U.S. EPA [EP-W-05-022]; NOAA through the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission FX We thank several collaborators for sharing unpublished data, including C. de Rivera, B. Dumbauld, G. Gillespie, D. Gilson, R. Preissler, S. Schlosser, K. Wasson, and S. Yamada. Special thanks to T. Naryan for assistance with logistic models. Thanks also to B. Steves and C. de Rivera for sharing their results from ecological niche models to define green crab invasion endpoints. We also thank C. de Rivera, A. Hines, A. Larson, S. Morgan, G. Ruiz, B. Steves, and K. Wasson for discussions and thoughtful input. This research was funded in part by U.S. EPA and NOAA under U.S. EPA Contract number EP-W-05-022 and by NOAA through the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. Opinions belong solely to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the funding agencies. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 80 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1890/09-1657.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764VA UT WOS:000290661300022 PM 21639054 ER PT J AU Raikow, DF Walters, DM Fritz, KM Mills, MA AF Raikow, David F. Walters, David M. Fritz, Ken M. Mills, Marc A. TI The distance that contaminated aquatic subsidies extend into lake riparian zones SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic insects; contamination; ecological subsidy; exposure; food web; lake; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); riparian zone; spiders; tracers ID TERRESTRIAL FOOD WEBS; STABLE ISOTOPES; INSECTS; STREAM; SEDIMENTS; SPIDERS; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15 AB Consumption of emergent aquatic insects by terrestrial invertebrates is a poorly resolved, but potentially important, mechanism of contaminant flux across ecosystem borders leading to contaminant exposure in terrestrial invertivores. We characterized the spatial extent and magnitude of contaminant transfer from aquatic sediments to terrestrial invertebrate predators by examining riparian araneid spiders, terrestrial insects, and emergent aquatic insects for stable isotopes and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, sum of 141 congeners) at Lake Hartwell, (Clemson, South Carolina, USA). PCB concentrations in aquatic insects were orders of magnitude higher than in terrestrial insects. Aquatic insect consumption by spiders (as indicated by delta(13)C and delta(15)N), PCB concentrations in spiders, and aquatic prey availability were greatest at the shoreline and declined inland, while terrestrial prey availability was invariant with distance. These patterns indicate PCB transfer to spiders through consumption of emergent aquatic insects extending to a distance of similar to 5 m inland. Measurable, but much lower, PCBs were present in insect predators dominated by social wasps up to 30 m inland. These results illustrate the importance of emergent insects as vectors of contaminant transfer from lake sediments to riparian food webs, and that spiders are key predators in this process. C1 [Raikow, David F.; Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Raikow, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM david@raikow.com RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 983 EP 990 DI 10.1890/09-1504.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764VA UT WOS:000290661300028 PM 21639060 ER PT J AU Garcia, JH Garmestani, AS Karunanithi, AT AF Garcia, Jorge H. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. TI Threshold transitions in a regional urban system SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE Urban systems; Complex systems; City size distributions; Resilience ID CITY SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHY; DISCONTINUITIES; LANDSCAPE; EMERGENCE; GROWTH AB In this paper we analyze the evolution of city size distributions over time in a regional urban system. This urban complex system is in constant flux with changing groups and city migration across existing and newly created groups. Using group formation as an emergent property, transition probabilities across the different groups were calculated. While short-term transition appears chaotic in the intermediate and lower rank groups, long-term transition across all rank groups reveals striking system structure over time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Garcia, Jorge H.] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Dept Econ, Bogota, Colombia. [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM jgarcia-1@javeriana.edu.co; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; arunprakash.karunanithi@ucdenver.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD APR PY 2011 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jebo.2010.12.015 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 761SE UT WOS:000290420200013 ER PT J AU DiMilla, PA Nixon, SW Oczkowski, AJ Altabet, MA McKinney, RA AF DiMilla, Peter A. Nixon, Scott W. Oczkowski, Autumn J. Altabet, Mark A. McKinney, Richard A. TI Some challenges of an "upside down" nitrogen budget - Science and management in Greenwich Bay, RI (USA) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Mass balance; Greenwich Bay; Narragansett Bay; Eutrophication; Stable isotope ID NARRAGANSETT-BAY; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SALT MARSHES; DELTA-N-15; ESTUARINE; NITRATE; MARINE; FRESH; MACROALGAE AB When nutrients impact estuarine water quality, scientists and managers instinctively focus on quantifying and controlling land-based sources. However, in Greenwich Bay, RI, the estuary opens onto a larger and more intensively fertilized coastal water body (Narragansett Bay). Previous inventories of nitrogen (N) inputs to Greenwich Bay found that N inputs from Narragansett Bay exceeded those from the local watershed, suggesting that recent efforts to reduce local watershed N loads may have little effect on estuarine water quality. We used stable isotopes of N to characterize watershed and Narragansett Bay N sources as well as the composition of primary producers and consumers throughout Greenwich Bay. Results were consistent with previous assessments of the importance of N inputs to Greenwich Bay from Narragansett Bay. As multiple N sources contribute to estuarine water quality, effective management requires attention to individual sources commensurate with overall magnitude, regardless of the political complications that may entail. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn J.; McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [DiMilla, Peter A.; Nixon, Scott W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Altabet, Mark A.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Estuarine & Ocean Sci, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Oczkowski, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM p.dimilla@rivers.org; swn@gso.uri.edu; oczkowski.autumn@epa.gov; maltabet@umassd.edu; mckinney.rick@epa.gov OI Oczkowski, Autumn/0000-0002-2421-0956 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through Rhode Island's Coastal Resources Management Council [50A00311483] FX We thank Mike Charpentier for help with figures, Mark Brush for the advection data, and Taixing Wu for assistance with sample analysis. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through Rhode Island's Coastal Resources Management Council, Grant #50A00311483. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, the Environmental Protection Agency, or the Department of Commerce. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 4 BP 672 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767GH UT WOS:000290842800014 PM 21353254 ER PT J AU Chernoff, N Rogers, EH Zehr, RD Gage, MI Malarkey, DE Bradfield, CA Liu, Y Schmid, JE Jaskot, RH Richards, JH Wood, CR Rosen, MB AF Chernoff, N. Rogers, E. H. Zehr, R. D. Gage, M. I. Malarkey, D. E. Bradfield, C. A. Liu, Y. Schmid, J. E. Jaskot, R. H. Richards, J. H. Wood, C. R. Rosen, M. B. TI Toxicity and recovery in the pregnant mouse after gestational exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cylindrospermopsin; cyanobacteria; toxicity; mouse; serum chemistries; gene expression ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; ISLAND MYSTERY DISEASE; FACTOR-X DEFICIENCY; SWISS ALBINO MICE; 2 GERMAN LAKES; GENE-EXPRESSION; RACIBORSKII CYANOBACTERIA; 1ST REPORT; IN-VIVO; CYANOTOXIN CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN AB Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a tricyclic alkaloid toxin produced by fresh water cyanobacterial species worldwide. CYN has been responsible for both livestock and human poisoning after oral exposure. This study investigated the toxicity of CYN to pregnant mice exposed during different segments of gestation. The course of recovery and individual responses to the toxin were evaluated. Adverse effects of CYN were monitored up to 7 weeks post-dosing by clinical examination, histopathology, biochemistry and gene expression. Exposure on gestational days (GD) 8-12 induced significantly more lethality than GD13-17 exposure. Periorbital, gastrointestinal and distal tail hemorrhages were seen in both groups. Serum markers indicative of hepatic injury (alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase) were increased in both groups; markers of renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) were elevated in the GD8-12 animals. Histopathology was observed in the liver (centrilobular necrosis) and kidney (interstitial inflammation) in groups exhibiting abnormal serum markers. The expression profiles of genes involved in ribosomal biogenesis, xenobiotic and lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were altered 24 h after the final dose. One week after dosing, gross, histological and serum parameters had returned to normal, although increased liver/body weight ratio and one instance of gastrointestinal bleeding was found in the GD13-17 group. Gene expression changes persisted up to 2 weeks post-dosing and returned to normal by 4 weeks. Responses of individual animals to CYN exposure indicated highly significant inter-animal variability within the treated groups. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chernoff, N.; Rogers, E. H.; Zehr, R. D.; Gage, M. I.; Schmid, J. E.; Jaskot, R. H.; Richards, J. H.; Wood, C. R.; Rosen, M. B.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Malarkey, D. E.] NIEHS, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bradfield, C. A.; Liu, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, McArdle Lab Canc Res, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chernoff.neil@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; NIH [ES012752, CA014520]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We would like to thank Dr Carin Vanderklok, North Carolina State University School of Veterinary Medicine for assistance with the histological analyses. The information in this document has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subject to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Drs Bradfield and Liu are supported by NIH grant numbers ES012752 and CA014520. The histological analysis was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.1002/jat.1586 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 759ZQ UT WOS:000290290800006 PM 20936652 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Soukup, JM Dailey, LA Richards, J Deng, ZP Abraham, JL AF Ghio, Andrew J. Soukup, Joleen M. Dailey, Lisa A. Richards, Judy Deng, Zhongping Abraham, Jerrold L. TI Gadolinium exposure disrupts iron homeostasis in cultured cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gadolinium; Iron; Ferritin cells, cultured; Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis ID NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; TRANSFERRIN-BOUND IRON; INDUCED LUNG FIBROSIS; PROLINE HYDROXYLASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; COLLAGEN; GALLIUM; FERRITIN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DEFICIENCY AB Human exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents can be complicated by nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Demonstration of significant quantities of insoluble gadolinium in the skin of NSF patients suggested transmetallation as a mechanism of toxicity of this injury. An alternative pathway for the biological effect of gadolinium is a disruption of iron homeostasis. We tested the postulate that cell exposure to gadolinium increases iron uptake to disrupt intracellular metal homeostasis and impact inflammatory events. Alveolar macrophages, THP1 cells, NHBE cells, and BEAS-2B cells all demonstrated a capacity to import gadolinium from both GdCl(3) and Omniscan. All four cell types similarly imported iron following exposure to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). Exposure of all cell types to gadolinium and iron resulted in increased iron import relative to cell concentrations following incubation with FAC alone. To analyze for further evidence of changes in iron homeostasis, cell ferritin concentration was determined. Relative to incubation with FAC alone, co-incubation of BEAS-2B cells with gadolinium and FAC resulted in significant increases in ferritin level. Finally, potential effects of gadolinium uptake and associated changes in iron homeostasis on the inflammatory response were evaluated by measuring IL-8. Co-incubation of BEAS-2B cells with both gadolinium and iron resulted in diminished release of IL-8 relative to levels of the cytokine following incubation with gadolinium alone. We conclude that gadolinium impacts cell iron homeostasis to change import and storage of the metal and biological effects of exposure. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.; Soukup, Joleen M.; Dailey, Lisa A.; Richards, Judy] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Deng, Zhongping] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Abraham, Jerrold L.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1007/s00775-011-0757-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 759XY UT WOS:000290284600004 PM 21267611 ER PT J AU Buse, HY Brehm, A Domingo, JWS Ashbolt, NJ AF Buse, Helen Y. Brehm, Abby Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Screening-Level Assays for Potentially Human-Infectious Environmental Legionella spp. SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Legionella spp.; Acanthamoeba polyphaga; biofilms; virulence; macrophages ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; MURINE MODEL; RESISTING BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOPHILA; REPLICATION AB In spite of the fact that various Legionella species are isolated from nonclinical water settings, there is no standard method to determine whether environmental legionellae may be infectious to humans. Here we provide a screening-level approach based on an in vivo murine (A/J mouse) model and three in vitro proliferation assays using Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and THP-1 human and J774 murine macrophage cell lines to identify potentially human-infectious legionellae. As an initial demonstration the infectivity potential of three clinical (Legionella pneumophila, L. longbeacheae, and L. micdadei) and three environmental (L. dumoffii, L maceachernii, and L sainthelensi) legionellae were evaluated. A/J mice were intranasally infected and by 6 h post infection (p.i.), there were significant bacterial titers in the lungs. L. pneumophila, L. dumoffii, and L micdadei densities were higher than L. longbeacheae, L. maceacherni, and L. sainthelensi at 24 h p.i. However, only L. pneumophila and L. micdadei persisted in the lungs after 48 h, indicating that the other isolates were rapidly cleared. Results from the in vitro assays showed that only L .pneumophila significantly multiplied within A. polyphaga, THP-1 and J774 cells after 72 h, but lysis of any of the in vitro hosts also flagged the strains for potential concern (e.g. L. dumoffii and L. micdadei). The results demonstrate the value of using multiple approaches to assess the potential level of pathogenicity of Legionella strains isolated from different environmental matrices. C1 [Buse, Helen Y.; Brehm, Abby; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Buse, HY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM buse.helen@epa.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s12275-011-0233-z PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 757BM UT WOS:000290058900005 PM 21538239 ER PT J AU Schoen, ME Soller, JA Ashbolt, NJ AF Schoen, Mary E. Soller, Jeffrey A. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Evaluating the importance of faecal sources in human-impacted waters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Recreational water; Quantitative microbial risk assessment; Human-impact; Norovirus; Sedimentation ID RECREATIONAL WATER; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; FRESH-WATER; QUALITY; ENTEROVIRUSES; CONTAMINATION; INACTIVATION; ADENOVIRUSES; NOROVIRUSES; INDICATORS AB Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to evaluate the relative contribution of faecal indicators and pathogens when a mixture of human sources impacts a recreational waterbody. The waterbody was assumed to be impacted with a mixture of secondary-treated disinfected municipal wastewater and untreated (or poorly treated) sewage, using Norovirus as the reference pathogen and enterococci as the reference faecal indicator. The contribution made by each source to the total waterbody volume, indicator density, pathogen density, and illness risk was estimated for a number of scenarios that accounted for pathogen and indicator inactivation based on the age of the effluent (source-to-receptor), possible sedimentation of microorganisms, and the addition of a non-pathogenic source of faecal indicators (such as old sediments or an animal population with low occurrence of human-infectious pathogens). The waterbody indicator density was held constant at 35 CFU 100 mL(-1) enterococci to compare results across scenarios. For the combinations evaluated, either the untreated sewage or the non-pathogenic source of faecal indicators dominated the recreational waterbody enterococci density assuming a culture method. In contrast, indicator density assayed by qPCR, pathogen density, and bather gastrointestinal illness risks were largely dominated by secondary disinfected municipal wastewater, with untreated sewage being increasingly less important as the faecal indicator load increased from a non-pathogenic source. The results support the use of a calibrated qPCR total enterococci indicator, compared to a culture-based assay, to index infectious human enteric viruses released in treated human wastewater, and illustrate that the source contributing the majority of risk in a mixture may be overlooked when only assessing faecal indicators by a culture-based method. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schoen, Mary E.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Soller, Jeffrey A.] Soller Environm LLC, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. RP Schoen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schoen.mary@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology [EP-C-07-036] FX The research described in this article was funded, in part, by the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology under contract #EP-C-07-036 to Clancy Environmental Consulting, Inc. This work has been subject to formal Agency review and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of Dr Timothy Bartrand, John Ravenscroft, and Dr Richard Haugland. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2670 EP 2680 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.02.025 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 755VQ UT WOS:000289968000022 PM 21429551 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI USEPA 2011 Infrastructure Investment Needs Survey SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Infrastruct Branch, Needs Survey & Drinking Water State Revolving Fun, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Infrastruct Branch, Needs Survey & Drinking Water State Revolving Fun, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM job.charles@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 4 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 752PX UT WOS:000289705900007 ER PT J AU Darney, S Fowler, B Grandjean, P Heindel, J Mattison, D Slikker, W AF Darney, Sally Fowler, Bruce Grandjean, Philippe Heindel, Jerrold Mattison, Donald Slikker, William, Jr. TI Prenatal Programming and Toxicity II (PPTOX II): Role of environmental stressors in the developmental origins of disease SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Heindel, Jerrold] NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Darney, Sally] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Fowler, Bruce] Ctr Dis Control, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Grandjean, Philippe] Univ So Denmark, Odense, Denmark. [Mattison, Donald] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, HHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Slikker, William, Jr.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Heindel, J (reprint author), NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM heindelj@niehs.nih.gov RI Mattison, Donald/L-4661-2013; OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874; Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 271 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.10.010 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 753EQ UT WOS:000289749100001 PM 21035539 ER PT J AU Hutch, DJ Bouye, KE Skillen, E Lee, C Whitehead, L Rashid, JR AF Hutch, Daniel J. Bouye, Karen E. Skillen, Elizabeth Lee, Charles Whitehead, LaToria Rashid, Jamila R. TI Potential Strategies to Eliminate Built Environment Disparities for Disadvantaged and Vulnerable Communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ACTIVE LIVING RESEARCH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RESEARCH AGENDA; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHILDHOOD; AMERICA; OBESITY; SAFETY; GOALS AB In 2006, the Federal Collaboration on Health Disparities Research (FCHDR) identified the built environment as a priority for eliminating health disparities, and charged the Built Environment Workgroup with identifying ways to eliminate health disparities and improve health outcomes. Despite extensive research and the development of a new conceptual health factors framework, gaps in knowledge exist in areas such as disproportionate environmental and community hazards, individual and cumulative risks, and other factors. The FCHDR provides the structure and opportunity to mobilize and partner with built environment stakeholders, federal partners, and interest groups to develop tools, practices, and policies for translating and disseminating the best available science to reduce health disparities. (Am J Public Health. 2011;101:587 595. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.173872) C1 [Hutch, Daniel J.] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bouye, Karen E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Atlanta, GA USA. [Skillen, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lee, Charles] US EPA, Off Environm Justice, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Whitehead, LaToria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rashid, Jamila R.] US Dept HHS, Off Secretary, Off Minor Hlth, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hutch, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hutch.dan@epamail.epa.gov NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 587 EP 595 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.173872 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 740UN UT WOS:000288820000010 PM 21389288 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Bencic, D Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Lazorchak, J Edwards, S AF Wang, Rong-Lin Bencic, David Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Lazorchak, Jim Edwards, Stephen TI A transcriptomics-based biological framework for studying mechanisms of endocrine disruption in small fish species (vol 98, pg 230, 2010) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Wang, Rong-Lin; Bencic, David; Lazorchak, Jim] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Edwards, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wang.rong-lin@epa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.12.001 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 748OH UT WOS:000289399400013 ER PT J AU Jiang, CC Zhao, ML Scearce, RM Diaz, M AF Jiang, Chuancang Zhao, Ming-Lang Scearce, Richard M. Diaz, Marilyn TI Activation-Induced Deaminase-Deficient MRL/lpr Mice Secrete High Levels of Protective Antibodies Against Lupus Nephritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID ANTI-DNA ANTIBODIES; B-CELLS; MURINE LUPUS; LPR MICE; AUTOANTIBODY PRODUCTION; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; SOMATIC MUTATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; PRONE MICE; ERYTHEMATOSUS AB Objective. We previously generated MRL/lpr mice deficient in activation-induced deaminase (AID) that lack isotype switching and immunoglobulin hypermutation. These mice have high levels of unmutated (germline) autoreactive IgM, yet they experienced an increase in survival and an improvement in lupus nephritis that exceeded that of MRL/lpr mice lacking IgG. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that high levels of germline autoreactive IgM in these mice confer protection against lupus nephritis. Methods. Autoreactive IgM antibodies of various specificities, including antibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), from AID-deficient MRL/lpr mice were given to asymptomatic MRL/lpr mice, and the levels of cytokines, proteinuria, immune complex deposition in the kidneys, and glomerulonephritis were examined. Novel AID-deficient MRL/lpr mice that lack any antibodies were generated for comparison to AID-deficient MRL/lpr mice that secrete only IgM. Results. Treatment with IgM anti-dsDNA resulted in a dramatic improvement in lupus nephritis. Other autoreactive IgM antibodies, such as antiphospholipid and anti-Sm, did not alter the pathologic changes. Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages and the levels of inflammatory cells and apoptotic debris in the kidneys were lower in mice receiving IgM anti-dsDNA. Protective IgM derived from AID-deficient MRL/lpr mice displayed a distinct B cell repertoire, with a bias toward members of the V(H)7183 family. Conclusion. IgM anti-dsDNA protected MRL/lpr mice from lupus nephritis, likely by stopping the inflammatory cascade leading to kidney damage. A distinct repertoire of V-H usage in IgM anti-dsDNA hybridomas from AID-deficient mice suggests that there is enrichment of a dedicated B cell population that secretes unmutated protective IgM in these mice. C1 [Diaz, Marilyn] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Scearce, Richard M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Diaz, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, D3-01,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM diaz@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) [1ZIAES-101603-07] FX Supported by the NIH (grant 1ZIAES-101603-07 from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences). NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD APR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1096 DI 10.1002/art.30230 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 748VO UT WOS:000289421100027 PM 21225690 ER PT J AU Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Setzer, RW Hubal, EAC Martin, MT Knudsen, TB Houck, KA Thomas, RS Wetmore, BA Dix, DJ AF Judson, Richard S. Kavlock, Robert J. Setzer, R. Woodrow Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Martin, Matthew T. Knudsen, Thomas B. Houck, Keith A. Thomas, Russell S. Wetmore, Barbara A. Dix, David J. TI Estimating Toxicity-Related Biological Pathway Altering Doses for High-Throughput Chemical Risk Assessment SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE TOXICOGENOMICS DATABASE; TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; TOXCAST PROGRAM; GREEN CHEMISTRY; HUMAN RELEVANCE; BISPHENOL-A; TOXICOLOGY; RATS AB We describe a framework for estimating the human dose at which a chemical significantly alters a biological pathway in vivo, making use of in vitro assay data and an in vitro-derived pharmacokinetic model, coupled with estimates of population variability and uncertainty. The quantity we calculate, the biological pathway altering dose (BPAD), is analogous to current risk assessment metrics in that it combines dose-response data with analysis of uncertainty and population variability to arrive at conservative exposure limits. The analogy is closest when perturbation of a pathway is a key event in the mode of action (MOA) leading to a specified adverse outcome. Because BPADs are derived from relatively inexpensive, high-throughput screening (HTS) in vitro data, this approach can be applied to. high-throughput risk assessments (HTRA) for thousands of data-poor environmental chemicals. We envisage the first step of HTRA to be an assessment of in vitro concentration-response relationships across biologically important pathways to derive biological pathway altering concentrations (BPAC). Pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling is then used to estimate the in vivo doses required to achieve the BPACs in the blood at steady state. Uncertainty and variability are incorporated in both the BPAC and the PK parameters and then combined to yield a probability distribution for the dose required to perturb the critical pathway. We finally define the BPADL as the lower confidence bound of this pathway-altering dose. This perspective outlines a framework for using HTRA to estimate BPAD values; provides examples of the use of this approach, including a comparison of BPAD values with published dose-response data from in vivo studies; and discusses challenges and alternative formulations. C1 [Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Setzer, R. Woodrow; Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen; Martin, Matthew T.; Knudsen, Thomas B.; Houck, Keith A.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thomas, Russell S.; Wetmore, Barbara A.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Judson, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative FX The in vitro metabolism and plasma protein binding studies conducted by RST and BAW were supported by the American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative. NR 64 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1021/tx100428e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 749WB UT WOS:000289500800003 PM 21384849 ER PT J AU Pinyayev, TS Kohan, MJ Herbin-Davis, K Creed, JT Thomas, DJ AF Pinyayev, Tatyana S. Kohan, Michael J. Herbin-Davis, Karen Creed, John T. Thomas, David J. TI Preabsorptive Metabolism of Sodium Arsenate by Anaerobic Microbiota of Mouse Cecum Forms a Variety of Methylated and Thiolated Arsenicals SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; TOXICITY; ACID; URINE; CELLS AB The conventional scheme for arsenic methylation accounts for methylated oxyarsenical production but not for thioarsenical formation. Here, we report that in vitro anaerobic microbiota of mouse cecum converts arsenate into oxy- and thio- arsenicals. Besides methylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), arsenate was transformed into six unique metabolites: mono-, di-, and trithio-arsenic acid, monomethyldithio- and monomethyltrithio-arsonic acid, and dimethyldithioarsonic acid. Thioarsenicals were found in soluble and particulate fractions of reaction mixtures, suggesting interactions with anaerobic microbiota. Metabolism of ingested arsenate to oxy- and thio-arsenicals before absorption across the gastrointestinal barrier could affect bioavailability, systemic distribution, and resulting toxicity. C1 [Pinyayev, Tatyana S.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kohan, Michael J.; Herbin-Davis, Karen; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epa.gov FU The Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was funded and managed by The Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, and this manuscript was subjected to US EPA's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.1021/tx200040w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 749WB UT WOS:000289500800005 PM 21388151 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Wrenn, BA AF Mukherjee, Biplab Wrenn, Brian A. TI Effects of Physical Properties and Dispersion Conditions on the Chemical Dispersion of Crude Oil SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemical dispersion; oil type; dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR); multimodal size-distribution ID LIQUID-LIQUID DISPERSIONS; SIZE; COALESCENCE; PERFORMANCE; BREAKAGE; DROPLETS AB Effects of oil type and mixing energy on the performance of chemical dispersants were investigated in a baffled flask mixing system using the commercial dispersant Corexit 9500. Effects of viscosity and interfacial tension were investigated by testing three crude oils (Arabian Light, Mars, and Lloyd) at two dispersant-to-oil ratios (DOR; 1: 100 and 1: 25) and three energy dissipation rates (0.00075, 0.016, and 0.16 W/kg). Dispersion effectiveness (i.e., fraction entrained as droplets in the water column) of all three oils was maximal at a mixing energy of 0.016 W/kg, which is similar to the energy dissipation rate in the surface layer of the open ocean. For Arabian Light and Mars, dispersion effectiveness was affected by DOR only at the lowest mixing energy, but it was proportional to DOR at all mixing energies for the more viscous oil, Lloyd. Droplet-size distributions were multimodal for all oil-dispersant combinations that were tested, indicating the involvement of multiple droplet-formation mechanisms. Diameter of mean volume of the major droplet-size modes was not sensitive to changes in mixing energy or DOR, but the fraction of dispersed oil in each mode was affected by these factors as well as by the oil type. Under all dispersion conditions (DOR and mixing energy), droplets produced by dispersion of more viscous oils were larger than those produced by less viscous oils. In general, higher dispersant concentration, favored the formation of smaller droplets, regardless of oil viscosity. C1 [Mukherjee, Biplab] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Wrenn, Brian A.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council Associate, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mukherjee.biplab@epa.gov FU Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering FX The authors would like to thank Larry Heugatter (Conoco Philips Co.) for providing the crude oils used in the research, and Pratim Biswas (Washington University) for providing access to the optical particle counter. The Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering provided financial support to B. M. during this research. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 EI 1557-9018 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1089/ees.2010.0131 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 748TR UT WOS:000289415700003 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Bollinger, K Caprio, A Cantwell, M Appleby, P King, J Ligouis, B Lohmann, R AF Sullivan, Julia Bollinger, Kevyn Caprio, Anthony Cantwell, Mark Appleby, Peter King, John Ligouis, Bertrand Lohmann, Rainer TI Enhanced Sorption of PAHs in Natural-Fire-Impacted Sediments from Oriole Lake, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BLACK CARBON; PHENANTHRENE SORPTION; SOILS; WOOD; EQUILIBRIUM; ADSORPTION; KEROGEN; MATTER AB Surface sediment cores from Oriole Lake (CA) were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), and their delta C-13 isotope ratios. Sediments displayed high OC (20-25%) and increasing BC concentrations from similar to 0.40% (in 1800 CE.) to similar to 0.60% dry weight (in 2000 CE.). Petrographic analysis confirmed the presence of fire-derived carbonaceous particles/BC at similar to 2% of total OC. Natural fires were the most likely cause of both elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and enhanced sorption in Oriole Lake sediments prior to 1850, consistent with their tree-ring-based fire history. In contrast to other PAHs, retene and perylene displayed decreasing concentrations during periods with natural fires, questioning their use as fire tracers. The occurrence of natural fires, however, did not result in elevated concentrations of black carbon or chars in the sediments. Only the 1912-2007 sediment layer contained anthropogenic particles, such as soot BC. In this layer, combining OC absorption with adsorption to soot BC (using a Freundlich coefficient n = 0.7) explained the observed sorption well. In the older layers, n needed to be 0.3 and 0.5 to explain the enhanced sorption to the sediments, indicating the importance of natural chars/inertinites in sorbing PAHs. For phenanthrene, values of n differed significantly between sorption to natural chars (0.1-0.4) and sorption to anthropogenic black carbon (> 0.5), suggesting it could serve as an in situ probe of sorbents. C1 [Sullivan, Julia; Bollinger, Kevyn; King, John; Lohmann, Rainer] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Caprio, Anthony] Natl Pk Serv, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, ORD NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Appleby, Peter] Univ Liverpool, Dept Math Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Ligouis, Bertrand] Univ Tubingen, Lab Appl Organ Pathol, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. RP Lohmann, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lohmann@gso.uri.edu RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008; OI Lohmann, Rainer/0000-0001-8796-3229 FU American Chemical Society [PRF 46099-G2]; Joint Fire Science Project [J8558100500] FX This work was supported by grant PRF 46099-G2 from the American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund, and task agreement J8558100500 from the Joint Fire Science Project. We thank Chip Heil, Nate Vinhanteiro (URI), and SEKI staff for field support and Pam Luey (URI) for laboratory help. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2626 EP 2633 DI 10.1021/es103817q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741CU UT WOS:000288841500021 PM 21405084 ER PT J AU Olmstead, AW Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Cavallin, JE Lindberg-Livingston, A Wehmas, LC Degitz, SJ AF Olmstead, Allen W. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Cavallin, Jenna E. Lindberg-Livingston, Annelie Wehmas, Leah C. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI A Method for the Determination of Genetic Sex in the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas, To Support Testing of Endocrine-Active Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; LIFE STAGE TEST; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; FISH EMBRYOS; PULP-MILL; INTERSEX AB Certain endocrine-active toxicants have been reported to completely sex reverse both male and female individuals in amphibian, avian, fish, invertebrate, and reptile species, resulting in a phenotype indistinguishable from unaffected individuals. Detection of low-level sex reversal often requires large numbers of organisms to achieve the necessary statistical power, especially in those species with predominantly genetic sex determination and cryptic/homomorphic sex chromosomes. Here we describe a method for determining the genetic sex in the commonly used ecotoxicological model, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) in a spawn of minnows resulted in detection of 10 sex-linked AFLPs, which were isolated and sequenced. No recombination events were observed with any sex-linked AFLP in the animals examined (n = 112). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was then developed that determined the presence polymorphisms for utilization in routine toxicological testing. Analyses of additional spawns from our in-house culture indicate that fathead minnows utilize a XY sex determination strategy and confirm that these markers can be used to genotype sex; however, this method is currently limited to use in laboratory studies in which breeders possess a defined genetic makeup. The genotyping method described herein can be incorporated into endocrine toxicity assays that examine the effects of chemicals on gonad differentiation. C1 [Olmstead, Allen W.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Lindberg-Livingston, Annelie; Wehmas, Leah C.; Degitz, Sigmund J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Olmstead, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM olmstead.allen@epa.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 7 BP 3090 EP 3095 DI 10.1021/es103327r PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741CU UT WOS:000288841500086 PM 21361318 ER PT J AU Nahlik, AM Mitsch, WJ AF Nahlik, Amanda M. Mitsch, William J. TI Methane Emissions from Created Riverine Wetlands (vol 30, pg 783, 2010) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Correction C1 [Nahlik, Amanda M.; Mitsch, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Nahlik, Amanda M.; Mitsch, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. RP Nahlik, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nahlik.amanda@epa.gov; mitsch.1@osu.edu NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 449 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0164-9 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746ZC UT WOS:000289288700023 ER PT J AU Reistetter, JA Russell, M AF Reistetter, Joseph A. Russell, Marc TI High-resolution land cover datasets, composite curve numbers, and storm water retention in the Tampa Bay, FL region SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE GIS; Curve number; Ecosystem services; Land cover; Remote sensing; Urban ecosystems ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; HYDROLOGY; COMPLETION; MANAGEMENT; SCENARIOS; DATABASE; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; ABUSES AB Policy makers need to understand how land cover change alters storm water regimes, yet existing methods do not fully utilize newly available datasets to quantify storm water changes at a landscape-scale. Here, we use high-resolution, remotely-sensed land cover, imperviousness, and tree canopy density data to calculate modified Soil Conservation Service (SCS) composite curve numbers. Policy makers can interpret composite curve numbers as a continuous, relative index of storm water mitigation ecosystem services provided by the landscape, allowing for better comprehension of the implications of land use decisions than current discrete methods. We also compare composite curve number calculations from regional land cover/land use data to calculations from national land cover data and show that they differ significantly in each of the watersheds that drain into Tampa Bay. The use of discrete urban classes to determine curve numbers is also explored. We show that, for the Tampa Bay region, assumed urban imperviousness values published in Technical Release 55 (a document that provides curve numbers for soil/land cover complexes) overestimate the actual imperviousness as reported by the national and regional datasets. This error in estimation caused composite curve numbers calculated using remotely-sensed data to be lower than they would have been if curve numbers had been assigned solely by discrete SCS classes. Furthermore, the average imperviousness for all urban classes increased from 1995 to 2005, reflecting region-wide increases in imperviousness reported by the regional dataset. Our comparison illustrates that using a constant imperviousness value for urban classes over time, a method used in numerous studies and models, leads to inaccurate estimation of temporal changes in storm water runoff. Average imperviousness for urban classes also differed significantly between the regional and national datasets, signifying that the two datasets cannot be used interchangeably. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reistetter, Joseph A.; Russell, Marc] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Russell, M (reprint author), 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM reistett@ohsu.edu; russell.marc@epamail.epa.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.12.005 PG 8 WC Geography SC Geography GA 742UY UT WOS:000288971900034 ER PT J AU Fleishman, E Blockstein, DE Hall, JA Mascia, MB Rudd, MA Scott, JM Sutherland, WJ Bartuska, AM Brown, AG Christen, CA Clement, JP DellaSala, D Duke, CS Eaton, M Fiske, SJ Gosnell, H Haney, JC Hutchins, M Klein, ML Marqusee, J Noon, BR Nordgren, JR Orbuch, PM Powell, J Quarles, SP Saterson, KA Savitt, CC Stein, BA Webster, MS Vedder, A AF Fleishman, Erica Blockstein, David E. Hall, John A. Mascia, Michael B. Rudd, Murray A. Scott, J. Michael Sutherland, William J. Bartuska, Ann M. Brown, A. Gordon Christen, Catherine A. Clement, Joel P. DellaSala, Dominick Duke, Clifford S. Eaton, Marietta Fiske, Shirley J. Gosnell, Hannah Haney, J. Christopher Hutchins, Michael Klein, Mary L. Marqusee, Jeffrey Noon, Barry R. Nordgren, John R. Orbuch, Paul M. Powell, Jimmie Quarles, Steven P. Saterson, Kathryn A. Savitt, Charles C. Stein, Bruce A. Webster, Michael S. Vedder, Amy TI Top 40 Priorities for Science to Inform US Conservation and Management Policy SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation; decisionmakers; ecosystems; natural resource management; priority setting ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL QUESTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; INTEGRATION; DIVERSITY; COLLAPSE; DRIVERS AB To maximize the utility of research to decisionmaking, especially given limited financial resources, scientists must set priorities for their efforts. We present a list of the top 40 high-priority, multidisciplinary research questions directed toward informing some of the most important current and future decisions about management of species, communities, and ecological processes in the United States. The questions were generated by an open, inclusive process that included personal interviews With decisionmakers, broad solicitation of research needs from scientists and policymakers, and an intensive workshop that included scientifically oriented individuals responsible for managing and developing policy related to natural resources. The process differed from previous efforts to set priorities for conservation research in its focus on the engagement of decisionmakers in addition to researchers. The research priorities emphasized the importance of addressing societal context and exploration of trade-offs among alternative policies and actions, as well as more traditional questions related to ecological processes and functions. C1 [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Blockstein, David E.] Natl Council Sci & Environm, Washington, DC USA. [Hall, John A.] US Dept Def, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Arlington, VA USA. [Mascia, Michael B.] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Rudd, Murray A.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Blockstein, David E.] Council Environm Deans & Directors, Washington, DC USA. [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Bartuska, Ann M.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv Res, Washington, DC USA. [Brown, A. Gordon] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA. [Brown, A. Gordon] Natl Invas Species Council, Washington, DC USA. [Christen, Catherine A.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. [Clement, Joel P.] Wilburforce Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [DellaSala, Dominick] Geos Inst, Ashland, OR USA. [Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Sci Programs, Washington, DC USA. [Eaton, Marietta] US Bur Land Management, Washington, DC USA. [Fiske, Shirley J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gosnell, Hannah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haney, J. Christopher] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC USA. [Hutchins, Michael] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Klein, Mary L.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA USA. [Marqusee, Jeffrey] US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, Arlington, VA USA. [Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nordgren, John R.] Kresge Fdn, Troy, MI USA. [Orbuch, Paul M.] Orbuch Consulting LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Powell, Jimmie] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. [Quarles, Steven P.] Crowell & Corals Moring LLC, Environm & Nat Resources Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Saterson, Kathryn A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Savitt, Charles C.] Isl Press, Washington, DC USA. [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Wildlife Conservat & Global Warming, Washington, DC USA. [Vedder, Amy] Wilderness Soc, Washington, DC USA. [Webster, Michael S.] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM efleishman@ucdavis.edu RI Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Rudd, Murray/C-1244-2009; OI Rudd, Murray/0000-0001-9533-5070; Mascia, Michael/0000-0002-9874-9778; Sutherland, William/0000-0002-6498-0437 FU Kresge Foundation [239855]; World Wildlife Fund-US FX This work was supported by Kresge Foundation grant 239855 to the University of California, Santa Barbara. Thanks to World Wildlife Fund-US for hosting the workshop. We thank all individuals who contributed questions and three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Affiliations of authors are provided for ease of identification only. No content in this manuscript implies endorsement by the US government. NR 63 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2011 VL 61 IS 4 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.4.9 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 747KY UT WOS:000289319900014 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Park, Y Huang, XM Hollenbeck, A Blair, A Schatzkin, A Chen, HL AF Xu, Qun Park, Yikyung Huang, Xuemei Hollenbeck, Albert Blair, Aaron Schatzkin, Arthur Chen, Honglei TI Diabetes and Risk of Parkinson's Disease SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HYPERTENSION; DISORDERS; MELLITUS; GLUCOSE; COHORT; STROKE; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE-To investigate the relationship between diabetes and future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) among older U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A prospective study of self-reported diabetes in 1995 and 1996 in relation to PD diagnosed after 1995 among 288,662 participants of the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were derived from logistic regression models. RESULTS-A total of 1,565 participants with PD diagnosed after 1995 were included in the analysis. After adjustment for potential confounders, PD risk was similar to 40% higher (OR = 1.41 [95% CI 1.20-1.66]) among diabetic patients than among participants without diabetes. Further analysis showed that the risk elevation was largely limited to individuals who had diabetes for more than 10 years at the time of baseline survey (1.75 [1.36-2.25]). The association with diabetes was seen for both participants with PD diagnosed between 1995 and 1999 and participants with PD diagnosed after 2000. In addition, similar results were obtained after excluding participants with stroke, heart disease, cancers, or poor or fair health status and in subgroup analyses by age, sex, smoking status, and coffee consumption. CONCLUSIONS-This large study showed that diabetes was associated with a higher future risk of PD and the nature of this association warrants further investigation. Diabetes Care 34:910-915, 2011 C1 [Xu, Qun; Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Park, Yikyung; Schatzkin, Arthur] NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Hollenbeck, Albert] AARP, Washington, DC USA. [Blair, Aaron] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM chenh2@niehs.nih.gov OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779; Park, Yikyung/0000-0002-6281-489X FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-101986]; National Cancer Institute [Z01-CP-010196-02] FX This study was supported by the intramural research program of the NIH, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-101986), and the National Cancer Institute (Z01-CP-010196-02). NR 25 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 910 EP 915 DI 10.2337/dc10-1922 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 746DE UT WOS:000289221800022 PM 21378214 ER PT J AU Sacks, JD Stanek, LW Luben, TJ Johns, DO Buckley, BJ Brown, JS Ross, M AF Sacks, Jason D. Stanek, Lindsay Wichers Luben, Thomas J. Johns, Douglas O. Buckley, Barbara J. Brown, James S. Ross, Mary TI Particulate Matter-Induced Health Effects: Who Is Susceptible? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children; genetics; lifestyle; minorities; outdoor air; particulate matter; susceptible populations ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; S-TRANSFERASE M1; AIR-POLLUTION; FINE PARTICLES; DIESEL-EXHAUST; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DAILY MORTALITY AB BACKGROUND: Epidemiological, controlled human exposure, and toxicological studies have - demonstrated a variety of health effects in response to particulate matter (PM) exposure with some of these studies indicating that populations with certain characteristics may be disproportionately affected. OBJECTIVE: To identify populations potentially at greatest risk for PM-related health effects, we evaluated epidemiological studies that examined various characteristics that may influence susceptibility, while using results from controlled human exposure and toxicological studies as supporting evidence. Additionally, we formulated a definition of susceptibility, building from the varied and inconsistent definitions of susceptibility and vulnerability used throughout the literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: We evaluated recent epidemiological studies to identify characteristics of populations potentially susceptible to PM-related health effects. Additionally, we evaluated controlled human exposure and toxicological studies to provide supporting evidence. We conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies that presented stratified results (e. g., < 65 vs. >= 65 years of age), controlled human exposure studies that examined individuals with underlying disease, and toxicological studies that used animal models of disease. We evaluated results for consistency across studies, coherence across disciplines, and biological plausibility to assess the potential for increased susceptibility to PM-related health effects in a specific population or life stage. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a diverse group of characteristics that can lead to increased risk of PM-related health effects, including life stage (i.e., children and older adults), preexisting cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, genetic polymorphisms, and low-socioeconomic status. In addition, we crafted a comprehensive definition of susceptibility that can be used to encompass all populations potentially at increased risk of adverse health effects as a consequence of exposure to an air pollutant. C1 [Sacks, Jason D.; Stanek, Lindsay Wichers; Luben, Thomas J.; Johns, Douglas O.; Buckley, Barbara J.; Brown, James S.; Ross, Mary] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sacks, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mailcode B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sacks.jason@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Although the research described in this article has been supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 99 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 8 U2 77 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 4 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002255 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 744BA UT WOS:000289065900023 PM 20961824 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Isakov, V Baxter, L Touma, JS Smuts, MB Ozkaynak, H AF Lobdell, Danelle T. Isakov, Vlad Baxter, Lisa Touma, Jawad S. Smuts, Mary Beth Oezkaynak, Haluk TI Feasibility of Assessing Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution Reduction Programs on a Local Scale: New Haven Case Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; feasibility analysis; health effects; nitrogen oxides; particulate matter ID UNITED-STATES; UTAH VALLEY; STEEL MILL; QUALITY; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; INTERVENTION; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND: New approaches to link health surveillance data with environmental and population exposure information are needed to examine the health benefits of risk management decisions. OBJECTIVE: We examined the feasibility of conducting a local assessment of the public health impacts of cumulative air pollution reduction activities from federal, state, local, and voluntary actions in the City of New Haven, Connecticut (USA). METHODS: Using a hybrid modeling approach that combines regional and local-scale air quality data, we estimated ambient concentrations for multiple air pollutants [e. g., PM2.5 (particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter), NOx (nitrogen oxides)] for baseline year 2001 and projected emissions for 2010, 2020, and 2030. We assessed the feasibility of detecting health improvements in relation to reductions in air pollution for 26 different pollutant-health outcome linkages using both sample size and exploratory epidemiological simulations to further inform decision-making needs. RESULTS: Model projections suggested decreases (similar to 10-60%) in pollutant concentrations, mainly attributable to decreases in pollutants from local sources between 2001 and 2010. Models indicated considerable spatial variability in the concentrations of most pollutants. Sample size analyses supported the feasibility of identifying linkages between reductions in NOx and improvements in all-cause mortality, prevalence of asthma in children and adults, and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: Substantial reductions in air pollution (e. g., similar to 60% for NOx) are needed to detect health impacts of environmental actions using traditional epidemiological study designs in small communities like New Haven. In contrast, exploratory epidemiological simulations suggest that it may be possible to demonstrate the health impacts of PM reductions by predicting intraurban pollution gradients within New Haven using coupled models. C1 [Isakov, Vlad; Baxter, Lisa; Touma, Jawad S.; Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lobdell, Danelle T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Smuts, Mary Beth] US EPA, Boston, MA USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 FU U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-07-109]; Westat, Inc.; CSC, Inc. [GS-35F-4381G] FX The U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under contract EP-D-07-109 with Westat, Inc., and contract GS-35F-4381G to CSC, Inc. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 4 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002636 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 744BA UT WOS:000289065900029 PM 21335318 ER PT J AU Costa, D AF Costa, Dan TI Air Quality in a Changing Climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Costa, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM costa.dan@epa.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 4 BP A154 EP A155 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103649 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 744BA UT WOS:000289065900001 PM 21459705 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA AF Solomon, Paul A. TI Air Pollution and Health: Bridging the Gap from Sources to Health Outcomes SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PARTICULATE MATTER COMPONENTS; MORTALITY; DETROIT C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM solomon.paul@epamail.epa.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 4 BP A156 EP A157 DI 10.1289/ehp.1103660 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 744BA UT WOS:000289065900002 PM 21459697 ER PT J AU Smith, LA Mukerjee, S Chung, KC Afghani, J AF Smith, Luther A. Mukerjee, Shaibal Chung, Kuenja C. Afghani, Jim TI Spatial analysis and land use regression of VOCs and NO2 in Dallas, Texas during two seasons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; MODEL; R2 AB Passive air sampling for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and select volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted at 24 fire stations and a compliance monitoring site in Dallas, Texas, USA during summer 2006 and winter 2008. This ambient air monitoring network was established to assess intra-urban gradients of air pollutants to evaluate the impact of traffic and urban emissions on air quality. Ambient air monitoring and GIS data from spatially representative fire station sites were collected to assess spatial variability. Pairwise comparisons were conducted on the ambient data from the selected sites based on city section. These weeklong samples yielded NO2 and benzene levels that were generally higher during the winter than the summer. With respect to the location within the city, the central section of Dallas was generally higher for NO2 and benzene than north and south. Land use regression (LUR) results revealed spatial gradients in NO2 and selected VOCs in the central and some northern areas. The process used to select spatially representative sites for air sampling and the results of analyses of coarse- and fine-scale spatial variability of air pollutants on a seasonal basis provide insights to guide future ambient air exposure studies in assessing intra-urban gradients and traffic impacts. C1 [Mukerjee, Shaibal] US Environm Protect Agcy E205 03, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Luther A.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Chung, Kuenja C.; Afghani, Jim] US EPA, Dallas, TX USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy E205 03, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX For their roles in various aspects of the study, we thank the following: Casson Stallings, Hunter Daughtrey, Karen Oliver, Dennis Williams, Herb Jacumin, Laura Liao, Mariko Porter, Chris Fortune, and Mike Wheeler of Alion Science and Technology; Carry Croghan and Mark Sather of EPA; John Koller from the City of Dallas. We also thank the City of Dallas Fire Department for allowing us to use their fire stations. Finally we thank Davyda Hammond and Gary Norris of EPA for reviewing the manuscript. This study was an EPA Region 6 Geographic Initiative (RGI) and Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) Project. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion. The paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1007 DI 10.1039/c0em00724b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745NN UT WOS:000289172300027 PM 21327247 ER PT J AU Kan, H Folsom, AR Cushman, M Rose, KM Rosamond, WD Liao, D Lurmann, F London, SJ AF Kan, H. Folsom, A. R. Cushman, M. Rose, K. M. Rosamond, W. D. Liao, D. Lurmann, F. London, S. J. TI Traffic exposure and incident venous thromboembolism in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE air pollution; cohort; traffic exposure; VTE ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MORTALITY; STATEMENT; ETIOLOGY; CHILDREN; COHORT; MATTER AB Background: Two recent case-control studies in Italy reported that long-term exposure to particulate air pollution or living near major traffic roads was associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). No prospective evidence exists on the possible association between long-term traffic-related air pollution and incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objectives: To examine the association between long-term traffic exposure and incident VTE in a population-based prospective cohort study. Methods: We studied 13 143 middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study without a history of DVT or pulmonary embolism at baseline examination (1987-1989). The Geographical Information System-mapped traffic density and distance to major roads in the four study communities served as measures of traffic exposure. We examined the association between traffic exposure and incident VTE with proportional hazards regression models. Results: A total of 405 subjects developed VTE in 2005. Traffic density was not significantly associated with VTE. Relative to those in the lowest quartile of traffic density, the adjusted hazard ratios across increasing quartiles were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-1.57), 0.99 (95% CI 0.74-1.34) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.86-1.51) (P-value for trend across quartiles = 0.64). For residents living within 150 m of major roads, as compared with subjects living further away, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.16 (95% CI 0.95-1.42, P = 0.14). Conclusions: This first prospective study in the general population does not support an association between air pollution exposure or traffic proximity and risk of DVT. More data may be needed to clarify whether traffic or air pollution influences the risk of VTE. C1 [London, S. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kan, H.] Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Key Lab Publ Hlth Safety, Minist Educ,Inst Global Environm Change Res, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Folsom, A. R.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cushman, M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Med, Burlington, VT USA. [Rose, K. M.; Rosamond, W. D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Liao, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA USA. [Lurmann, F.] Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA USA. RP London, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, R01-HL59367]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS [ZO1 ES043012]; National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China [2011CB503802] FX The ARIC Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) contracts N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, and N01-HC-55022. This work was also supported by NHLBI grant R01-HL59367 and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS ZO1 ES043012. H. Kan was supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China (2011CB503802). NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD APR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 4 BP 672 EP 678 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04210.x PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 745HP UT WOS:000289156800007 PM 21255249 ER PT J AU Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE AF Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. TI Contributions of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Hydrocarbons to Secondary Organic Aerosol during 2006 in Research Triangle Park, NC SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Secondary organic aerosol; Organic Carbon; PM(2.5). ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ALPHA-PINENE; SESQUITERPENE EMISSIONS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ELEMENTAL CARBON; AMBIENT AEROSOL; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PM2.5; QUANTIFICATION AB A recently developed, organic tracer-based method was used to estimate the secondary contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic precursor hydrocarbons to ambient organic carbon concentrations in PM(2.5) during 2006 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Forty-six ambient PM(2.5) samples were collected on a one in six schedule and analyzed for (1) secondary organic aerosol tracer compounds, and (2) levoglucosan, a compound used as a tracer for biomass burning. For isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene, the secondary contributions to ambient organic carbon concentrations (OC) were estimated using measured tracer concentrations and previously established, laboratory-determined mass fractions. The estimates show secondary formation from these four hydrocarbons contributes up to 55% of the ambient organic carbon concentrations (Julian day 197) when OC was 5.98 mu g C/m(3). The relative contributions are highly temperature dependent; estimates of particulate carbon from isoprene and alpha-pinene precursors peaked during the warmest days, and represented up to 40% and 10% of the measured OC, respectively (Julian days 197 and 191). Conversely, biomass burning represented up to 21% of the organic carbon concentrations on the coldest day sampled, Julian day 329, while contributions of secondary organic carbon from these four precursor hydrocarbons remained low at 4% of the measured 2.55 mu g C/m(3) OC. C1 [Offenberg, John H.; Lewandowski, Michael; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Offenberg, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM offenberg.john@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 24 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 99 EP U15 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2010.11.0102 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 742CP UT WOS:000288916300001 ER PT J AU Perron, MM Burgess, RM Ho, KT Pelletier, MC Friedman, CL Cantwell, MG Shine, JP AF Perron, Monique M. Burgess, Robert M. Ho, Kay T. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Friedman, Carey L. Cantwell, Mark G. Shine, James P. TI Limitations of reverse polyethylene samplers (RePES) for evaluating toxicity of field contaminated sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Toxicity identification evaluation; Sediment toxicity; Nonionic organic contaminants; Polyethylene samplers ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; PARTITION-CONTROLLED DELIVERY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; EFFECT-DIRECTED ANALYSIS; BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC TOXICANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS; ACTIVATED CARBON AB Passive samplers are used to measure dissolved nonionic organic contaminants (NOCs) in environmental media. More recently, reverse polyethylene samplers (RePES) have been used with spiked sediments to recreate interstitial water exposure concentrations and observed toxicity. In the present study, RePES were used with field contaminated sediments. The RePES was not capable of recreating the pattern of toxicity with the amphipod and mysid observed with intact field sediments. Decreased survival in the RePES exposures as compared to the whole sediment exposures was most likely caused by an overexposure to NOCs due to a lack of surrogate black carbon in the RePES system. As an alternative, aqueous phase studies were performed in which polyethylene was allowed to equilibrate with slurries of intact sediments for 3 weeks. Three weeks was found to be an insufficient amount of time for the polyethylene to equilibrate with the sediment. An additional study demonstrated 3 months was sufficient for lower contaminant concentrations, but might not be an adequate amount of time for more highly contaminated sediments. The aqueous phase transfer approach may be useful if equilibration is sufficiently long, although this length of time may be impractical for use in certain applications, such as toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perron, Monique M.; Shine, James P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Burgess, Robert M.; Ho, Kay T.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Cantwell, Mark G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Friedman, Carey L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Perron, MM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, 182 Hope St,Box D, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM mperron@post.harvard.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EP06D000518]; Harvard School of Public Health FX We would like to thank Helen Suh and Christopher Paciorek for their advice and feedback. This research was funded partially by a student services contract from the US Environmental Protection Agency, as well as a toxicology training grant from Harvard School of Public Health. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency through contract EP06D000518, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is NHEERL-AED Contribution No. AED-10-017. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.076 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745RT UT WOS:000289184100005 PM 21239040 ER PT J AU Kulich, M Rericha, V Rericha, R Shore, DL Sandler, DP AF Kulich, M. Rericha, V. Rericha, R. Shore, D. L. Sandler, D. P. TI Incidence of non-lung solid cancers in Czech uranium miners: A case-cohort study SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Environmental carcinogens; Ionizing radiation; Neoplasms; Occupational exposure; Radon; Smoking ID EXTENDED FOLLOW-UP; RADON EXPOSURE; FRENCH COHORT; MORTALITY; RISK AB Objectives: Uranium miners are chronically exposed to radon and its progeny, which are known to cause lung cancer and may be associated with leukemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk of non-lung solid cancers among uranium miners in Pribram region, Czech Republic. Methods: A retrospective stratified case-cohort study in a cohort of 22,816 underground miners who were employed between 1949 and 1975. All incident non-lung solid cancers were ascertained among miners who worked underground for at least 12 months (n=1020). A subcohort of 1707 subjects was randomly drawn from the same population by random sampling stratified on age. The follow-up period lasted from 1977 to 1996. Results: Relative risks comparing 180 WLM (90th percentile) of cumulative lifetime radon exposure to 3 WLM (10th percentile) were 0.88 for all non-lung solid cancers combined (95% Cl 0.73-1.04, n=1020), 0.87 for all digestive cancers (95% Cl 0.69-1.09, n=561), 2.39 for gallbladder cancer (95% Cl 0.52-10.98, n=13), 0.79 for larynx cancer (95% Cl 0.38-1.64, n=62), 2.92 for malignant melanoma (95% Cl 0.91-9.42, n=23), 0.84 for bladder cancer (95% Cl 0.43-1.65, n=73), and 1.13 for kidney cancer (95% Cl 0.62-2.04, n=66). No cancer type was significantly associated with radon exposure; only malignant melanoma and gallbladder cancer showed elevated but non-significant association with radon. Conclusions: Radon was not significantly associated with incidence of any cancer of interest, although a positive association of radon with malignant melanoma and gallbladder cancer cannot be entirely ruled out. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kulich, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Stat, CZ-18675 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Rericha, V.] Reg Hosp Pribram, Pribram, Czech Republic. [Rericha, R.] Ctr Epidemiol Studies, Pribram, Czech Republic. [Shore, D. L.] Westat Corp, Durham, NC USA. [Sandler, D. P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kulich, M (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Stat, Sokolovska 83, CZ-18675 Prague 8, Czech Republic. EM kulich@karlin.mff.cuni.cz RI Kulich, Michal/B-1483-2013; OI Kulich, Michal/0000-0002-2812-8968; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-049029]; Regional Hospital in Pribram FX This study was financed by research contracts and additional support from the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-049029) and by the Regional Hospital in Pribram. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 111 IS 3 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.008 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 743OC UT WOS:000289026700011 PM 21256480 ER PT J AU DeKroon, RM Osorio, C Robinette, JB Mocanu, M Winnik, WM Alzate, O AF DeKroon, Robert M. Osorio, Cristina Robinette, Jennifer B. Mocanu, Mihaela Winnik, Witold M. Alzate, Oscar TI Simultaneous Detection of Changes in Protein Expression and Oxidative Modification as a Function of Age and APOE Genotype SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE APOE genotype; Alzheimer's disease; carbonylation; oxidation; aldehyde labeling; proteomics; Peroxiredoxin-2,-3,-6 ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE BRAIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ALLELE; DAMAGE; PEROXIREDOXINS; ASSOCIATION; NEURONS; BINDING; ENOLASE AB To better elucidate temporal changes in protein oxidation resulting from aging and the Alzheimer's disease-associated Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), we developed a 2D-DIGE-based method for simultaneously detecting differential expression and carbonyl oxidation of proteins. Specifically, we examined changes in the levels of oxidation and total protein expression in hippocampi from young-adult (25-30 weeks) and old (76-97 weeks) mice transgenic for the human Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE, APOE3, APOE4) isoforms, APOE3 or APOE4. Protein samples were labeled with either a fluorescent aminoox-yacetamide (Alexa Fluor 488) to detect carbonyl modifications or with NHS-Cy3 to detect total protein expression. A protein sample used as an internal control was labeled with NHS-Cy5 and run on each gel. DIGE analysis revealed 38 differentially oxidized and 100 differentially expressed protein spots with significantly different levels (P < 0.05). For oxidized proteins, principal component analysis revealed two distinct clusters: one in which oxidation increased with age independent of APOE genotype, and the second in which oxidation was dependent on APOE genotype. For total protein expression, principal component analysis revealed a large overlap between changes with overall aging and between APOE genotypes. The use of a fluorescent tag to label oxidized proteins, in combination with a NHS-Cy3 to label total protein, makes it possible to determine changes in both protein oxidation and protein expression levels in a single experiment. These studies reveal that the expression levels of peroxiredoxin protein family members Prdx2, 3, and 6 are modified by age, APOE genotype, or both. C1 [DeKroon, Robert M.; Osorio, Cristina; Robinette, Jennifer B.; Mocanu, Mihaela; Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, UNC Syst Prote Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Osorio, Cristina; Robinette, Jennifer B.; Mocanu, Mihaela; Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Program Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [DeKroon, Robert M.; Alzate, Oscar] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Winnik, Witold M.] US EPA, NHEERL Prote Res Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Alzate, O (reprint author), 438A Taylor Hall,CB 7090,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alzate@med.unc.edu FU UNC FX This work was supported by start-up funds from the Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of UNC (O, A.). We thank Dr. Patrick Sullivan and Mr. Brian Mace (Duke University Medical Center) for donating APOE-TR mouse brain tissues. The research described in this article was reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1632 EP 1644 DI 10.1021/pr1009788 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 742EL UT WOS:000288924000018 PM 21210719 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Padgett, WT Moore, T AF Nesnow, Stephen Padgett, William T. Moore, Tanya TI Propiconazole Induces Alterations in the Hepatic Metabolome of Mice: Relevance to Propiconazole-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE propiconazole; liver; metabolomics; transcriptomics; proteomics; tumors; carcinogenesis ID TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; MOUSE-LIVER; IN-VIVO; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; POTENTIAL ROLE; ACYL-COENZYME; CANCER; INHIBITION AB Propiconazole is a mouse hepatotumorigenic fungicide and has been the subject of recent investigations into its carcinogenic mechanism of action. The goals of this study were (1) to identify metabolomic changes induced in the liver by increasing doses of propiconazole in mice, (2) to interpret these results with key previously reported biochemical, transcriptomic, and proteomic findings obtained from mouse liver under the same treatment conditions, and (3) to relate these alterations to those associated with the carcinogenesis process. Propiconazole was administered to male CD-1 mice in the feed for 4 days with six mice per feed level (500, 1250, and 2500 ppm). The 2500 ppm dose level had previously been shown to induce both adenocarcinomas and adenomas in mouse liver after a 2-year continuous feed regimen. Endogenous biochemicals were profiled using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods and 261 were detected. The most populous biochemical class detected was lipids, followed by amino acids and then carbohydrates. Nucleotides, cofactors and vitamins, energy, peptides, and xenobiotics were also represented. Of the biochemicals detected, 159 were significantly altered by at least one dose of propiconazole and many showed strong dose responses. Many alterations in the levels of biochemicals were found in the glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, lipolysis, carnitine, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways Several groups of metabolomic responses were ascribed to the metabolism and clearance of propiconazole: glucuronate, glutathione, and cysteine pathways. Groups of metabolic responses supported previous hypotheses on key events that can lead to propiconazole-induced tumorigenesis: oxidative stress and increases in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Groups of metabolomic responses identified biomarkers associated with neoplasia: increases in glycolysis and increases in the levels of spermidine, sarcosine, and pseudouridine. These results extended the companion transcriptomic and proteomic studies and provided a more complete understanding of propiconazole's effects in mouse liver. C1 [Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 120 IS 2 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr012 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 740OR UT WOS:000288804800006 PM 21278054 ER PT J AU Wahman, DG Kirisits, MJ Katz, LE Speitel, GE AF Wahman, David G. Kirisits, Mary Jo Katz, Lynn E. Speitel, Gerald E., Jr. TI Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Biofilters Removing Trihalomethanes Are Related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; COMETABOLISM; ARCHAEA AB Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrifying biofilters degrading four regulated trihalomethanes-trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and tribromomethane-were related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha. N. oligotropha is associated with chloraminated drinking water systems, and its presence in the biofilters might indicate that trihalomethane tolerance is another reason that this bacterium is dominant in chloraminated systems. C1 [Wahman, David G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kirisits, Mary Jo; Katz, Lynn E.; Speitel, Gerald E., Jr.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wahman, DG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wahman.david@epa.gov FU AwwaRF FX This research was funded by AwwaRF. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 7 BP 2537 EP 2540 DI 10.1128/AEM.02464-10 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 741HT UT WOS:000288855500044 PM 21278264 ER PT J AU Liu, N Qiu, GG Landis, MS Feng, XB Fu, XW Shang, LH AF Liu, Na Qiu, Guangle Landis, Matthew S. Feng, Xinbin Fu, Xuewu Shang, Lihai TI Atmospheric mercury species measured in Guiyang, Guizhou province, southwest China SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric Hg; Speciation; Meteorological parameters; Anthropogenic sources ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICULATE MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION; EASTERN SLOPE; EMISSIONS; URBAN; SOIL; SPECIATION AB Atmospheric mercury (Hg) species were measured in Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou province, southwestern China at the Guiyang Monitoring Station Agency (GMSA) from September to November 2008 and at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGCAS) during February, May, and July, 2009. Monitoring results found elevated concentrations of all three Hg species in ambient air in Guiyang. Large temporal and spatial variation patterns in the resulting data were also obtained. The overall average TGM concentrations at the GMSA and IGCAS sampling sites were 7.4 +/- 4.8 ng m(-3) and 6.2 +/- 5.1 ng m(-3), respectively. The average Hg(p) and RGM concentrations at GMSA were 1330 pg m(-3) and 24 pg m(-3), and at IGCAS were 250 pg m(-3) and 19 pg m(-3), respectively. It is hypothesized that local anthropogenic sources and the seasonal variability result in the high degree of spatial and temporal variability. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Na; Qiu, Guangle; Feng, Xinbin; Fu, Xuewu; Shang, Lihai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Liu, Na] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Landis, Matthew S.] US EPA, Off Resarch & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Qiu, GG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. EM qiuguangle@vip.skleg.cn RI Fu, xuewu/D-9137-2017; Qiu, Guangle/C-7216-2013; Feng, Xinbin/F-4512-2011; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; Shang, Lihai/D-8850-2017 OI Feng, Xinbin/0000-0002-7462-8998; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Shang, Lihai/0000-0002-7631-7851 FU U.S. National Research Council at U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL); Natural Science Foundation of China [40773067] FX This research was performed while the authors held a U.S. National Research Council Associateship Award at U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL). It has been reviewed by the Agency and approved for publication. It also was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40773067). We also acknowledge Dr. Jonas Sommar for his constructive suggestions on this manuscript and Kangdi Han for the field sampling assistance. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 100 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.01.002 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740CY UT WOS:000288770400009 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Gifts of the sea SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD APR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10098-011-0363-3 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 737DQ UT WOS:000288549400003 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Hawthorne, SB Perron, MM Cantwell, MG Grabanski, CB Miller, DJ Ho, KT Pelletier, MA AF Burgess, Robert M. Hawthorne, Steven B. Perron, Monique M. Cantwell, Mark G. Grabanski, Carol B. Miller, David J. Ho, Kay T. Pelletier, Marguerite A. TI ASSESSMENT OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION USE IN WHOLE SEDIMENT TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Whole sediment; Toxicity identification evaluation; Supercritical fluid extraction; Polychlorinated biphenyls Bioavailability ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; BEDFORD HARBOR; TECHNICAL BASIS; SPATIAL EXTENT; WATER; BIOAVAILABILITY; MASSACHUSETTS; CONTAMINATION; TERRESTRIAL AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO(2) was assessed as a confirmatory tool in phase III of whole sediment toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). The SFE procedure was assessed on two reference sediments and three contaminated sediments by using a combination of toxicological and chemical measurements to quantify effectiveness. Sediment toxicity pre- and post-SFE treatment was quantified with a marine amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and rnysid (Americamysis bahia), and nonionic organic contaminants (NOCs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sediments, overlying waters, and interstitial waters. In general, use of SFE with the reference sediments was successful, with survival averaging 91% in post-SFE treatments. Substantial toxicity reductions and contaminant removal from sediments and water samples generated from extracted sediments of up to 99% in two of the contaminated sediments demonstrated SFE effectiveness. Furthermore, toxicological responses for these SFE-treated sediments showed comparable results to those from the same sediments treated with the powdered coconut charcoal addition manipulation. These data demonstrated the utility of SFE in phase III of a whole sediment TIE. Conversely, in one of the contaminated sediments, the SFE treatments had no effect on sediment toxicity, whereas sediment concentrations of PCBs and PAHs were reduced. We propose that, for some sediments, the SFE treatment may result in the release of otherwise nonbioavailable cationic metals that subsequently cause toxicity to test organisms. Overall, SFE treatment was found to be effective for reducing the toxicity and concentrations of NOCs in some contaminated sediments. However, these studies suggest that SFE treatment may enhance toxicity with some sediments, indicating that care must be taken when applying SFE and interpreting the results. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:819-827. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Burgess, Robert M.; Cantwell, Mark G.; Ho, Kay T.; Pelletier, Marguerite A.] US EPA, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hawthorne, Steven B.; Grabanski, Carol B.; Miller, David J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Perron, Monique M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Narragansett, RI USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.1002/etc.457 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 737TP UT WOS:000288591400007 PM 21194177 ER PT J AU Patra, M Ma, X Isaacson, C Bouchard, D Poynton, H Lazorchak, JM Rogers, KR AF Patra, Manomita Ma, Xin Isaacson, Carl Bouchard, Dermont Poynton, Helen Lazorchak, James M. Rogers, Kim R. TI CHANGES IN AGGLOMERATION OF FULLERENES DURING INGESTION AND EXCRETION IN THAMNOCEPHALUS PLATYURUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanomaterials; Fullerenes; C(60); C(70); Thamnocephalus platyurus ID PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AQUEOUS C-60 NANOPARTICLES; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CARBON NANOTUBES; TOXICITY ASSAYS; PARTICLE-SIZE; WATER; SUSPENSIONS; DEPURATION AB The crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus was exposed to aqueous suspensions of fullerenes C(60) and C(70). Aqueous fullerene suspensions were formed by stirring C(60) and C(70) as received from a commercial vendor in deionized water (termed aqu/C(60) and aqu/C(70)) for approximately 100 d. The Z-average (mean hydrodynamic) diameters of aqu/C(60) and aqu/C(70) aggregates as measured by dynamic light scattering were 517 +/- 21 nm and 656 +/- 39 nm (mean +/- 95% confidence limit), respectively. Exposure of T. platyurus to fullerene suspensions resulted in the formation of dark masses in the digestive track visible under a stereo microscope (x40 magnification). Fullerene ingestion over 1 h of exposure was quantitatively determined after extraction and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). One-hour exposures (at 3 mg/L and 6 mg/L) resulted in aqu/C(60) burdens of 2.7 +/- 0.4 mu g/mg and 6.8 +/- 1.5 mu g/mg wet weight, respectively. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of aqu/C(60)-exposed T. platyurus showed the formation in the gut of fullerene agglomerates (5-10 mu m) that were an order of magnitude larger than the suspended fullerene agglomerates. Upon excretion, the observed fullerene agglomerates were in the 10- to 70-mu m size range and settled to the bottom of the incubation wells. In contrast to the control polystyrene microspheres, which dispersed after depuration, the aqu/C(60) agglomerates (greater than two orders of magnitude larger than the suspended fullerenes) remained agglomerated for up to six months. When exposed to fullerenes, T. platyurus shows the potential to influence agglomerate size and may facilitate movement of these nanoparticles from the water column into sediment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:828-835. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Patra, Manomita; Rogers, Kim R.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Ma, Xin; Isaacson, Carl; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Poynton, Helen; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU National Research Council; Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada; The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX We thank Marisol Sepulveda and Debby Sherman (Purdue University) for thin section TEM. Manomita Patra gratefully acknowledges a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development. has funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 828 EP 835 DI 10.1002/etc.468 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 737TP UT WOS:000288591400008 PM 21309021 ER PT J AU Soucek, DJ Linton, TK Tarr, CD Dickinson, A Wickramanayake, N Delos, CG Cruz, LA AF Soucek, David J. Linton, Tyler K. Tarr, Christopher D. Dickinson, Amy Wickramanayake, Nilesh Delos, Charles G. Cruz, Luis A. TI INFLUENCE OF WATER HARDNESS AND SULFATE ON THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF CHLORIDE TO SENSITIVE FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chloride; Sulfate; Acute toxicity; Invertebrates; Water hardness ID IRRIGATION DRAIN WATER; MAJOR ION TOXICITY; HYALELLA-AZTECA; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; QUALITY VARIABLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; 2 CLADOCERANS; SALINITY; CALCIUM; SODIUM AB Total dissolved solids (TDS) represent the sum of all common ions (e.g., Na, K, Ca, Mg, chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate) in freshwater. Currently, no federal water quality criteria exist for the protection of aquatic life for TDS, but because the constituents that constitute TDS are variable, the development of aquatic life criteria for specific ions is more practical than development of aquatic life criteria for TDS. Chloride is one such ion for which aquatic life criteria exist; however, the current aquatic life criteria dataset for chloride is more than 20 years old. Therefore, additional toxicity tests were conducted in the current study to confirm the acute toxicity of chloride to several potentially sensitive invertebrates: water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia), fingernail clams (Sphaerium simile and Musculium transversum), snail (Gyraulus parvus), and worm (Tubifex tubifex), and determine the extent to which hardness and sulfate modify chloride toxicity. The results indicated a significant ameliorating effect of water hardness (calcium and magnesium) on chloride toxicity for all species tested except the snail; for example, the 48-h chloride median lethal concentration (LC50) for C. dubia at 50 mg/L hardness (977 mg Cl(-)/L) was half that at 800 mg/L hardness (1,836 mg Cl(-/)L). Conversely, sulfate over the range of 25 to 600 mg/L exerted a negligible effect on chloride toxicity to C. dubia. Rank order of LC50 values for chloride at a given water hardness was in the order (lowest to highest): S. simile < C. dubia < M. transversum < G. parvus < T. tubifex. Results of the current study support the contention that the specific conductivity or TDS concentration of a water body alone is not a sufficient predictor of acute toxicity and that knowledge of the specific ion composition is critical. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:930-938. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Soucek, David J.; Dickinson, Amy] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Linton, Tyler K.; Tarr, Christopher D.; Wickramanayake, Nilesh] Great Lakes Environm Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Delos, Charles G.; Cruz, Luis A.] US EPA, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Soucek, DJ (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM d-soucek@inhs.illinois.edu FU U.S Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Martin Knapp and Mick Micacchion (Ohio Environmental Protection Agency) for their assistance in locating and identifying Gyraulus parvus for organism collection and subsequent toxicity testing. The authors also thank Charles Stephan (U.S. EPA) for comments related to study design and results. This study was funded by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 930 EP 938 DI 10.1002/etc.454 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 737TP UT WOS:000288591400021 PM 21191883 ER PT J AU Jukic, AMZ Weinberg, CR Baird, DD Wilcox, AJ AF Jukic, A. M. Z. Weinberg, C. R. Baird, D. D. Wilcox, A. J. TI The association of maternal factors with delayed implantation and the initial rise of urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE smoking; DES; age at menarche; oocyte quality; early pregnancy loss ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CILIARY BEAT FREQUENCY; EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; PROGESTERONE METABOLITES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; BETA-SUBUNIT; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND: Late implantation and the pattern of early rise in hCG have been associated with early pregnancy loss. We explored factors that might be predictive of these markers of poor embryonic health in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. METHODS: Participants in the North Carolina Early Pregnancy Study collected daily first-morning urine specimens while attempting to conceive. Samples were assayed for estrogen and progesterone metabolites (to identify day of ovulation) and hCG (to detect conception). Data were available for 190 pregnancies, 48 of which ended in early loss (within 6 weeks of the last menstrual period). We used logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with late implantation (>= 10 days post-ovulation). For pregnancies surviving at least 6 weeks (n = 142), we used linear mixed models to identify factors associated with variations in hCG rise in the first 7 days from detection. RESULTS: Later implantation was associated with current maternal smoking [odds ratio (OR): 5.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-30] and with oocytes that were likely to have been fertilized late in their post-ovulatory lifespan (OR: 5.1; CI: 1.9-16). Older women had a faster rise in hCG (P = 0.01), as did women who had relatively late menarche (P for trend = 0.02). Women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol showed an unusual pattern of slow initial hCG rise followed by a fast increase, a pattern significantly different from that of unexposed women (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Although limited by small numbers and infrequent exposures, our analyses suggest that a woman's exposures both early in life and at the time of pregnancy may influence early development of the conceptus. C1 [Jukic, A. M. Z.; Baird, D. D.; Wilcox, A. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Weinberg, C. R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Jukic, AMZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM jukica@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the intramural research program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 920 EP 926 DI 10.1093/humrep/der009 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 737EQ UT WOS:000288552200024 PM 21292636 ER PT J AU Ferretti, JA Calesso, DF AF Ferretti, James A. Calesso, Diane F. TI Toxicity of ammonia to surf clam (Spisula solidissima) larvae in saltwater and sediment elutriates SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Toxicity; Embryos; Larval bioassay; Spisula sp.; Ammonia; Ocean disposal ID SEA-URCHINS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; BIOASSAYS; BAY; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; AMPHIPOD; TOXICANT; OYSTERS; EMBRYOS AB Ammonia is a natural component of sediments and has been identified as a common contributor to toxicity in marine sediment, elutriate and porewater testing. In our study, the role of ammonia as a possible toxicant in sediment toxicity tests was evaluated using larvae of the surf clam, Spisula solid-issima. Elutriates were prepared and tested using six baseline sediment samples. Ammonia was then purged from aliquots of the baseline sediment samples prior to elutriate preparation. Finally, ammonia was spiked into aliquots of the purged elutriates to mimic ammonia concentrations measured in the baseline elutriates. Toxicity was present in all of the baseline samples and was removed in the ammonia purged samples. In most cases, toxicity was comparable in the ammonia spiked samples to levels measured in the baseline samples. Water only toxicity tests revealed that larvae of the surf clam are one of the more ammonia sensitive marine species. The LC50 for survival was 10.6 mg/L total ammonia (.53 mg/L unionized ammonia) and the EC50 for shell development was 2.35 mg/L total ammonia (12 mg/L unionized ammonia). Toxicity endpoints calculated from the water only ammonia toxicity test were good predictors of effects observed in the sediment elutriate tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ferretti, James A.; Calesso, Diane F.] US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Ferretti, JA (reprint author), US EPA, 2890 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM ferretti.jim@epa.gov FU Division of Environmental Science and Assessment and the Division of Environmental Policy and Protection of the U.S. EPA Region 2 FX This work was supported by the Division of Environmental Science and Assessment and the Division of Environmental Policy and Protection of the U.S. EPA Region 2. We thank Deborah Kay and Toshi Shintani for their analytical support, as well as Dennis McChesney, U.S. EPA Region 2, and Robert Waters, New York Suffolk County Department of Health Services, for sample collection. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 71 IS 3 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.01.002 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 740GU UT WOS:000288780400005 PM 21295341 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN White, C Lytle, D AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. White, Colin Lytle, Darren TI Lead Pipe Scale Analysis Using Broad-Beam Argon Ion Milling to Elucidate Drinking Water Corrosion SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE lead scale analysis; ion milling; phases; X-ray diffraction; SEM; ICP-MS ID MECHANISMS; CHILDREN AB Herein, we characterized lead pipe scale removed from a drinking water distribution system using argon ion beam etching and a variety of solids analysis approaches. Specifically, pipe scale cross sections and solids were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses. The pipe scale consisted of at least five layers that contained Pb(II) and Pb(IV) minerals, and magnesium, aluminum, manganese, iron, and silicon solids. The outer layer was enriched with crystalline amorphous manganese and iron, giving it a dark orange to red color. The middle layers consisted of hydrocerussite and plattnerite, and the bottom layer consisted primarily of litharge. Over the litharge layer, hydrocerussite crystals were grown vertically away from the pipe wall, which included formations of plattnerite. Significant amounts of trace contaminant vanadium, likely in the form of vanadinite, and copper accumulated in the scale as well. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; White, Colin; Lytle, Darren] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, D (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1017/S1431927610094353 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 738BE UT WOS:000288613500017 PM 21281551 ER PT J AU Lau, C Rogers, JM Desai, M Ross, MG AF Lau, Christopher Rogers, John M. Desai, Mina Ross, Michael G. TI Fetal Programming of Adult Disease Implications for Prenatal Care SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPOTHALAMIC FEEDING CIRCUITS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; POSTNATAL LEPTIN SURGE; HELSINKI BIRTH COHORT; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; LATER BLOOD-PRESSURE; EARLY GROWTH; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB The obesity epidemic, including a marked increase in the prevalence of obesity among pregnant women, represents a critical public health problem in the United States and throughout the world. Over the past two decades, it has been increasingly recognized that the risk of adult health disorders, particularly metabolic syndrome, can be markedly influenced by prenatal and infant environmental exposures (ie, developmental programming). Low birth weight, together with infant catch-up growth, is associated with a significant risk of adult obesity and cardiovascular disease, as well as adverse effects on pulmonary, renal, and cerebral function. Conversely, exposure to maternal obesity or high birth weight also represents an increased risk for childhood and adult obesity. In addition, fetal exposure to select chemicals (eg, phytoestrogens) or environmental pollutants (eg, tobacco smoke) may affect the predisposition to adult disease. Animal models have confirmed human epidemiologic findings and provided insight into putative programming mechanisms, including altered organ development, cellular signaling responses, and epigenetic modifications (ie, control of gene expression without modification of DNA sequence). Prenatal care is transitioning to incorporate goals of optimizing maternal, fetal, and neonatal health to prevent or reduce adult-onset diseases. Guidelines regarding optimal pregnancy nutrition and weight gain, management of low-and high-fetal-weight pregnancies, use of maternal glucocorticoids, and newborn feeding strategies, among others, have yet to fully integrate long-term consequences on adult health. (Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:978-85) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318212140e C1 [Ross, Michael G.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ross, MG (reprint author), Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1000 W Carson St,Box 3, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. EM mikeross@ucla.edu NR 80 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 117 IS 4 BP 978 EP 985 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318212140e PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 738NW UT WOS:000288647500030 PM 21422872 ER PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Xue, JP Zartarian, VG Glen, G Smith, L AF Oezkaynak, Haluk Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie G. Glen, Graham Smith, Luther TI Modeled Estimates of Soil and Dust Ingestion Rates for Children SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Children; dust ingestion; exposure modeling; SHEDS model; soil ingestion ID RESIDUE TRANSFER EFFICIENCIES; RESIDENTIAL SURFACES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; FIELD MEASUREMENT; DERMAL EXPOSURE; TRACER ELEMENTS; SUPERFUND SITE; HAND-PRESS; PESTICIDE; CHLORPYRIFOS AB Daily soil/dust ingestion rates typically used in exposure and risk assessments are based on tracer element studies, which have a number of limitations and do not separate contributions from soil and dust. This article presents an alternate approach of modeling soil and dust ingestion via hand and object mouthing of children, using EPA's SHEDS model. Results for children 3 to < 6 years old show that mean and 95th percentile total ingestion of soil and dust values are 68 and 224 mg/day, respectively; mean from soil ingestion, hand-to-mouth dust ingestion, and object-to-mouth dust ingestion are 41 mg/day, 20 mg/day, and 7 mg/day, respectively. In general, hand-to-mouth soil ingestion was the most important pathway, followed by hand-to-mouth dust ingestion, then object-to-mouth dust ingestion. The variability results are most sensitive to inputs on surface loadings, soil-skin adherence, hand mouthing frequency, and hand washing frequency. The predicted total soil and dust ingestion fits a lognormal distribution with geometric mean = 35.7 and geometric standard deviation = 3.3. There are two uncertainty distributions, one below the 20th percentile and the other above. Modeled uncertainties ranged within a factor of 3-30. Mean modeled estimates for soil and dust ingestion are consistent with past information but lower than the central values recommended in the 2008 EPA Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook. This new modeling approach, which predicts soil and dust ingestion by pathway, source type, population group, geographic location, and other factors, offers a better characterization of exposures relevant to health risk assessments as compared to using a single value. C1 [Oezkaynak, Haluk; Xue, Jianping; Zartarian, Valerie G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Glen, Graham; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab E205 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under contract number EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology, Inc. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 592 EP 608 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01524.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 741KF UT WOS:000288861900009 PM 21039709 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Schmid, J Lehmann, JR Ledbetter, A Ward, W Schladweiler, M Jarema, K Kodavanti, U MacPhail, RC AF Gordon, Christopher J. Schmid, Judy Lehmann, James R. Ledbetter, Allen Ward, William Schladweiler, Mette Jarema, Kimberly Kodavanti, Urmila MacPhail, Robert C. TI Serum biomarkers in young adult and aged Brown Norway (BN) rats following episodic (weekly) ozone exposure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.; Schmid, Judy; Lehmann, James R.; Ledbetter, Allen; Ward, William; Schladweiler, Mette; Jarema, Kimberly; Kodavanti, Urmila; MacPhail, Robert C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708400184 ER PT J AU Field, MS Li, GQ AF Field, Malcolm S. Li, Guangquan TI INVERSION FOR THE INPUT HISTORY OF A DYE TRACING EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER TESTS; CONDUITS; AQUIFERS AB The advection-dispersion model (ADM) is a good tool for simulating transport of dye or solutes in a solution conduit. Because the general problem of transport can be decomposed into two problems, a boundary-value problem and an initial-value problem, the complete solution is a superposition of the solutions for these two problems. In this paper, the solution for the general problem is explained. A direct application of the solution for the boundary-value problem is dye-tracing experiments.The purpose is inclusion of the input history of a solute dye into the ADM. The measured breakthrough curve of a dye-tracing experiment is used to invert for the release history of the dye at the input point through the ADM. It is mathematically shown that the breakthrough curve can not be directly used to invert for the boundary condition at a tracer release point. Therefore, a conductance-fitting method is employed to obtain the input history. The inverted history for a simple example is then shown to be a step function with amplitude of 420 mu g/L and a duration of 10 minutes. Simulations illustrate that the breakthrough curves at downstream springs provide a means for uderstanding the migration of dye. A discussion of the implication of the solution for an initial-value problem (e.g., simulating transport of preexisting solutes such as dissolved calcium carbonate in solution conduits) is also included. C1 [Li, Guangquan] Yunnan Univ, Dept Geophys, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Field, Malcolm S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, Washington 20460, DC USA. RP Li, GQ (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Dept Geophys, 2 North Green Lake Rd, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov; guangquanli74@gmail.com OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X FU University Fund of Yunnan University [KL090020] FX This research was financially supported in part by the University Fund of Yunnan University under contract KL090020. The authors are deeply grateful to the Associate Editor, Prof. Gregory S. Springer for his insightful comments and constructive suggestions. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD APR PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.4311/jcks2010es0143 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754PX UT WOS:000289869900006 ER PT J AU Simmons, K Curioso, C Eason, T Griffin, S Fout, G Wade, T Egorov, A Augustine, S AF Simmons, Kaneatra Curioso, Clarissa Eason, Tarsha Griffin, Shannon Fout, G. Wade, Timothy Egorov, Andrey Augustine, Swinburne TI A novel multiplexed immunoassay using salivary antibodies to detect human exposure to waterborne pathogens in drinking and recreational water SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Simmons, Kaneatra; Curioso, Clarissa; Griffin, Shannon; Fout, G.; Augustine, Swinburne] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Eason, Tarsha] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wade, Timothy] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Egorov, Andrey] WHO, Environm & Hlth Informat Syst, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Bonn, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 186 SU 1 MA 65.19 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44LY UT WOS:000209751702100 ER PT J AU Sokoletsky, LG Lunetta, RS Wetz, MS Paerl, HW AF Sokoletsky, Leonid G. Lunetta, Ross S. Wetz, Michael S. Paerl, Hans W. TI MERIS Retrieval of Water Quality Components in the Turbid Albemarle-Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE water quality; optical retrieval algorithms; MERIS imagery; estuary system ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OCEAN COLOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; COASTAL WATERS; PHASE FUNCTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB Two remote-sensing optical algorithms for the retrieval of the water quality components (WQCs) in the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System (APES) were developed and validated for chlorophyll a (Chl). Both algorithms were semi-empirical because they incorporated some elements of optical processes in the atmosphere, water, and air/water interface. One incorporated a very simple atmospheric correction and modified quasi-single-scattering approximation (QSSA) for estimating the spectral Gordon's parameter, and the second estimated WQCs directly from the top of atmosphere satellite radiance without atmospheric corrections. A modified version of the Global Meteorological Database for Solar Energy and Applied Meteorology (METEONORM) was used to estimate directional atmospheric transmittances. The study incorporated in situ Chl data from the Ferry-Based Monitoring (FerryMon) program collected in the Neuse River Estuary (n = 633) and Pamlico Sound (n = 362), along with Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite imagery collected (2006-2009) across the APES; providing quasi-coinciding samples for Chl algorithm development and validation. Results indicated a coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.70 and mean-normalized root-mean-squares errors (NRMSE) of 52% in the Neuse River Estuary and R-2 = 0.44 (NRMSE = 75 %) in the Pamlico Sound-without atmospheric corrections. The simple atmospheric correction tested provided on performance improvements. Algorithm performance demonstrated the potential for supporting long-term operational WQCs satellite monitoring in the APES. C1 [Sokoletsky, Leonid G.; Lunetta, Ross S.; Wetz, Michael S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Res Council, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sokoletsky.leonid@gmail.com; lunetta.ross@epa.gov; michael.wetz@tamucc.edu; hpaerl@email.unc.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency; EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD); Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) program's Advanced Monitoring Initiative (AMI) [14]; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality; National Science Foundation (Environmental Engineering, Biological and Chemical Oceanography Programs) FX The US Environmental Protection Agency funded and partially conducted the research described in this paper. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would like to thank Alexander Kokhanovsky for making available the results of his radiative transfer calculations and Jayantha Ediriwickrema for his algorithm implementation and imagery processing support. Funding for this study was provided by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) and the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) program's Advanced Monitoring Initiative (AMI Grant #14). MERIS imagery data was provided by the European Space Administration under a MERIS Principal Investigator initiated proposal (#4698). ModMon and FerryMon water quality monitoring/assessment programs were supported by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, and the National Science Foundation (Environmental Engineering, Biological and Chemical Oceanography Programs). NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 684 EP 707 DI 10.3390/rs3040684 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978MQ UT WOS:000306746200003 ER PT J AU Grams, TEE Werner, H Kuptz, D Ritter, W Fleischmann, F Andersen, CP Matyssek, R AF Grams, Thorsten E. E. Werner, Herbert Kuptz, Daniel Ritter, Wilma Fleischmann, Frank Andersen, Christian P. Matyssek, Rainer TI A free-air system for long-term stable carbon isotope labeling of adult forest trees SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Canopy CO(2) concentrations; European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.); Free-air carbon isotope labeling infrastructure (isoFACE); Soil respired CO(2); Stable carbon isotope (delta(13)C); Stem CO(2) efflux (respiration) ID RECENTLY ASSIMILATED CARBON; HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; MATURE DECIDUOUS FOREST; GAS-EXCHANGE RESPONSES; CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; RESPIRED CO2; ELEVATED CO2; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHATE CARBON AB Stable carbon (C) isotopes, in particular employed in labeling experiments, are an ideal tool to broaden our understanding of C dynamics in trees and forest ecosystems. Here, we present a free-air exposure system, named isoFACE, designed for long-term stable C isotope labeling in the canopy of 25 m tall forest trees. Labeling of canopy air was achieved by continuous release of CO(2) with a delta(13)C of -46.9aEuro degrees. To this end, micro-porous tubes were suspended at c. 1 m distance vertically through the canopy, minimizing CO(2) gradients from the exterior to the interior and allowing for C labeling exposure during periods of low wind speed. Target for CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) increase was ambient +100 mu mol mol(-1). Canopy [CO(2)] stayed within 10% of the target during more than 57% of the time and resulted in a drop of delta(13)C in canopy air by 7.8aEuro degrees. After 19 labeling days about 50% of C in phloem sugars and stem CO(2) efflux were turned over and 20-30% in coarse root CO(2) efflux and soil CO(2). The isoFACE system successfully altered delta(13)C of canopy air for studying turn-over of C pools in forest trees and soils, highlighting their slow turn-over rates. C1 [Grams, Thorsten E. E.; Werner, Herbert; Kuptz, Daniel; Ritter, Wilma; Fleischmann, Frank; Matyssek, Rainer] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Andersen, Christian P.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Grams, TEE (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, Von Carlowitz Pl 2, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM grams@tum.de FU "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft" (DFG) [A6, B2, B5, SFB 607] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of T. Feuerbach, M. Goisser and Dr. C. Heerdt during experimentation and sample analyses. J. Heckmair, P. Kuba, H. Lohner and I. Suss are thanked for their skilful assistance. The investigation was funded through SFB 607 "Growth and Parasite Defense-Competition for Resources in Economic Plants from Agronomy and Forestry, Projects A6, B2 and B5" by the "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft" (DFG). The information in this document has been subjected to EPA peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s00468-010-0497-7 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 735DN UT WOS:000288393700005 ER PT J AU Nde, CW Toghrol, F Jang, HJ Bentley, WE AF Nde, Chantal W. Toghrol, Freshteh Jang, Hyeung-Jin Bentley, William E. TI Toxicogenomic response of Mycobacterium bovis BCG to peracetic acid and a comparative analysis of the M. bovis BCG response to three oxidative disinfectants SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microarrays; Mycobacterium bovis BCG; Peracetic acid; Sodium hypochlorite; Hydrogen peroxide; Transcriptomics ID VIRULENCE-REGULATING PROTEINS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DNA-BINDING; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; TUBERCULOSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide and infects thousands of Americans annually. Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in humans and several animal species. Peracetic acid is an approved tuberculocide in hospital and domestic environments. This study presents for the first time the transcriptomic changes in M. bovis BCG after treatment with 0.1 mM peracetic acid for 10 and 20 min. This study also presents for the first time a comparison among the transcriptomic responses of M. bovis BCG to three oxidative disinfectants: peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide after 10 min of treatment. Results indicate that arginine biosynthesis, virulence, and oxidative stress response genes were upregulated after both peracetic acid treatment times. Three DNA repair genes were downregulated after 10 and 20 min and cell wall component genes were upregulated after 20 min. The devR-devS signal transduction system was upregulated after 10 min, suggesting a role in the protection against peracetic acid treatment. Results also suggest that peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite both induce the expression of the ctpF gene which is upregulated in hypoxic environments. Further, this study reveals that in M. bovis BCG, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid both induce the expression of katG involved in oxidative stress response and the mbtD and mbtI genes involved in iron regulation/virulence. C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Nde, Chantal W.; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jang, Hyeung-Jin] Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Oriental Med, Seoul, South Korea. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [T-83284001-4] FX This research is supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Grant number T-83284001-4. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 90 IS 1 BP 277 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s00253-010-2931-6 PG 28 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 733GU UT WOS:000288252000026 PM 21152916 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL Thybaud, V Cimino, MC Custer, L Czich, A Harvey, JS Hester, S Kim, JH Kirkland, D Levy, DD Lorge, E Moore, MM Ouedraogo-Arras, G Schuler, M Suter, W Sweder, K Tarlo, K van Benthem, J van Goethem, F Witt, KL AF Dearfield, Kerry L. Thybaud, Veronique Cimino, Michael C. Custer, Laura Czich, Andreas Harvey, James S. Hester, Susan Kim, James H. Kirkland, David Levy, Dan D. Lorge, Elisabeth Moore, Martha M. Ouedraogo-Arras, Gladys Schuler, Maik Suter, Willi Sweder, Kevin Tarlo, Kirk van Benthem, Jan van Goethem, Freddy Witt, Kristine L. TI Follow-Up Actions from Positive Results of In Vitro Genetic Toxicity Testing SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE genotoxicity assays; in vitro positives; strategy; follow-up; ILSI HESI ID ERYTHROCYTE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; GENOTOXICITY TEST PROCEDURES; TANDEM REPEAT INSTABILITY; BACTERIAL MUTATION ASSAYS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; TERM TEST INFORMATION; MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; IWGT WORKING GROUP; VIVO COMET ASSAY; TOX PROGRAM AB Appropriate follow-up actions and decisions are needed when evaluating and interpreting clear positive results obtained in the in vitro assays used in the initial genotoxicity screening battery (i.e., the battery of tests generally required by regulatory authorities) to assist in overall risk-based decision making concerning the potential effects of human exposure to the agent under test. Over the past few years, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Project Committee on the Relevance and Follow-up of Positive Results in In Vitro Genetic Toxicity (IVGT) Testing developed a decision process flow chart to be applied in case of clear positive results in vitro. It provides for a variety of different possibilities and allows flexibility in choosing follow-up action(s), depending on the results obtained in the initial battery of assays and available in-formation. The intent of the Review Subgroup was not to provide a prescriptive testing strategy, but rather to reinforce the concept of weighing the totality of the evidence. The Review Subgroup of the IVGT committee highlighted the importance of properly analyzing the existing data, and considering potential confounding factors (e. g., possible interactions with the test systems, presence of impurities, irrelevant metabolism), and chemical modes of action when analyzing and interpreting positive results in the in vitro genotoxicity assays and determining appropriate follow-up testing. The Review Subgroup also examined the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each of the existing in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays to determine their usefulness in any follow-up testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52: 177-204, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Dearfield, Kerry L.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Thybaud, Veronique] Vitry Alfortville Res Ctr, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Cimino, Michael C.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Custer, Laura; Sweder, Kevin] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Res & Dev, Dept Genet Toxicol, E Syracuse, NY USA. [Czich, Andreas] Deutschland GmbH, R&D Drug Safety Evaluat FFM, Sanofi Aventis, Hattersheim, Germany. [Hester, Susan] US EPA, Res Unit Cores IO, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kim, James H.] ILSI HESI, Washington, DC USA. [Kirkland, David] Covance Labs Ltd, Harrogate, England. [Levy, Dan D.] US FDA, Off Nutr Labeling & Dietary Supplements, College Pk, MD USA. [Lorge, Elisabeth] Servier Grp, Biol Servier, France. [Moore, Martha M.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Ouedraogo-Arras, Gladys] LOreal, Int Safety Res Dept, Aulnay Sous Bois, France. [Schuler, Maik] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Drug Safety Res & Dev, Groton, CT USA. [Suter, Willi] Novartis Pharma AG, Preclin Safety GeneSafe, Basel, Switzerland. [Tarlo, Kirk] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [van Benthem, Jan] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Lab Hlth Protect Res, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Goethem, Freddy] Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut R&D, Genet & Exploratory Toxicol, Beerse, Belgium. [Witt, Kristine L.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jkim@hesiglobal.org NR 138 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 DI 10.1002/em.20617 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 731GZ UT WOS:000288095600003 PM 20963811 ER PT J AU Tennant, AH Kligerman, AD AF Tennant, Alan H. Kligerman, Andrew D. TI Superoxide Dismutase Protects Cells From DNA Damage Induced by Trivalent Methylated Arsenicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE reactive oxygen species; arsenic; DNA strand breakage; genotoxicity; DNA repair ID FREE-RADICALS; STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN URINE; INDUCTION; OXYGEN; CARCINOGENESIS; GENERATION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; INSIGHTS AB Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Heterozygous mice of strain B6; 129S7-Sod1(tm1Leb)/J were obtained from Jackson Laboratories and bred to produce offspring that were heterozygous (+/ Sod1(tm1Leb)), homozygous wild-type (+/+), and homozygous knockout (Sod1(tm1Leb)/Sod1(tm1Leb)) for the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) gene. Splenocytes from these mice were exposed to several concentrations of either sodium arsenite (As3 [0-200 mu M]), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA3 [0-10 mu M]), or dimethylarsinous acid (DMA3 [0-10 mu M]) for 2 hr. Cells were then examined for DNA damage using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) was used as a positive control. Splenocytes from each of the three genotypes for Sod1 were equally sensitive to MMS and As3. However, at equimolar concentrations, DMA3 and MMA3 produced significantly more DNA damage in the homozygous knockout mouse splenocytes than in the splenocytes from the wild-type or heterozygous mice. These findings suggest that superoxide is involved either directly or indirectly in producing DNA damage in cells exposed to trivalent methylated arsenicals. These arsenicals may generate reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. This DNA damage may be a key factor in initiating cancer in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:238-243, 2011. Published 2010 Wiley- Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Tennant, Alan H.; Kligerman, Andrew D.] US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Integrated Syst Toxicol, Off Res & Dev,Natl Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Integrated Syst Toxicol, Off Res & Dev,Natl Environm Effects Res Lab, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kligerman.andrew@epa.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 DI 10.1002/em.20609 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 731GZ UT WOS:000288095600007 PM 20740636 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Gilliam, RC Davis, N Zubrow, A Howard, SC AF Appel, K. Wyat Gilliam, Robert C. Davis, Neil Zubrow, Alexis Howard, Steven C. TI Overview of the atmospheric model evaluation tool (AMET) v1.1 for evaluating meteorological and air quality models SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Air quality model evaluation; Meteorological model evaluation; CMAQ; WRF; MM5 ID VERSION 4.5; PART II; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT AB This paper describes the details of the Atmospheric Model Evaluation Tool (AMET) v1.1 created by scientists in the Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division (AMAD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). AMET was first developed to evaluate the performance of the 5th Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model output and was later extended to include capabilities for evaluating output data from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model as well. AMET is designed to leverage several open-source software packages that are used in combination to 1) pair the modeled and observed values in time and space, 2) store these paired datasets in an easily accessible and searchable database and 3) access and analyze these data using a statistical package. Through this process. AMET is able to provide a convenient method for evaluating meteorological and air quality model predictions. The use of a searchable, relational database allows the entire dataset to be quickly subset into only those data that are of the most interest for the current analysis, a process that is often tedious and time consuming without the use of a database. In addition to common summary statistics (e.g. RMSE, bias, and correlation), several of the many analysis features available in AMET include scatter plots, time series plots, box plot and spatial plots as part of operational model evaluation. Additionally, several unique analysis functions are also available in AMET, and the system provides a framework within which users may extend the current functionality for their own custom analyses. While AMET was designed to work specifically with MM5, WRF and CMAQ model output, it could easily be modified to work with output data from other meteorological and air quality models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Appel, K. Wyat; Gilliam, Robert C.; Howard, Steven C.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Davis, Neil; Zubrow, Alexis] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,RTP, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM appel.wyat@epa.gov OI Davis, Neil/0000-0001-5886-247X NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 434 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.09.007 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716IU UT WOS:000286963100009 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MJ Lovett, G Bailey, S Beall, F Burns, D Buso, D Clair, TA Courchesne, F Duchesne, L Eimers, C Fernandez, I Houle, D Jeffries, DS Likens, GE Moran, MD Rogers, C Schwede, D Shanley, J Weathers, KC Vet, R AF Mitchell, Myron J. Lovett, Gary Bailey, Scott Beall, Fred Burns, Doug Buso, Don Clair, Thomas A. Courchesne, Francois Duchesne, Louis Eimers, Cathy Fernandez, Ivan Houle, Daniel Jeffries, Dean S. Likens, Gene E. Moran, Michael D. Rogers, Christopher Schwede, Donna Shanley, Jamie Weathers, Kathleen C. Vet, Robert TI Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: new approaches and implications SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Watersheds; Sulfur budgets; Atmospheric deposition models; Acidic deposition; Recovery; Northeast US; Southeast Canada ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; NEW-YORK-STATE; DRY DEPOSITION; HUBBARD-BROOK; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS AB Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 (2-) concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 (2-) on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 (2-) showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most sowed evidence of an internal source of SO4 (2-), which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1-6 kg S ha(-1) year(-1) to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada. C1 [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lovett, Gary] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Bailey, Scott] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Beall, Fred] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Burns, Doug] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Buso, Don] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Campton, NH 03223 USA. [Clair, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Branch, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada. [Courchesne, Francois] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Eimers, Cathy] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Houle, Daniel] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E, Canada. [Jeffries, Dean S.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Aquat Ecosyst Res Impacts Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Likens, Gene E.; Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Rogers, Christopher] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. [Schwede, Donna] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Moran, Michael D.; Vet, Robert] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Houle, Daniel] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. RP Mitchell, MJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM mitchell@syr.edu; lovettg@caryinstitute.org; swbailey@fs.fed.us; fbeall@NRCan.gc.ca; daburns@usgs.gov; dbuso@worldpath.net; tom.clair@ec.gc.ca; francois.courchesne@umontreal.ca; louis.duchesne@mrnf.gouv.qc.ca; ceimers@trentu.ca; ivanjf@maine.edu; daniel.houle@mrnf.gouv.qc.ca; Dean.Jeffries@ec.gc.ca; likensg@ecostudies.org; Mike.Moran@ec.gc.ca; cmrogers@mactec.com; schwede.donna@epa.gov; jshanley@usgs.gov; weathersk@ecostudies.org; Robert.Vet@ec.gc.ca RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Environment Canada; Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les technologuies (FQRNT) du Quebec; National Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; US National Science Foundation; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Energy Research Development Authority; Northeast Ecosystem Research Cooperative (NERC); Ontario Ministry of Environment; US Forest Services; US EPA; US Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Environment Canada, Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les technologuies (FQRNT) du Quebec, National Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, US National Science Foundation including the LTER and LTREB programs, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Energy Research Development Authority, Northeast Ecosystem Research Cooperative (NERC), Ontario Ministry of Environment, US Forest Services, US EPA, and US Geological Survey. We acknowledge funding support for sample collection and analysis by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Long-Term Monitoring program. The comments of Tom Huntington and J. E. Sickles on this manuscript were most helpful. Kim McEathron helped with some of the figures. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 151 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 726TW UT WOS:000287750100012 ER PT J AU Gee, JR Moser, VC McDaniel, KL Herr, DW AF Gee, Jillian R. Moser, Virginia C. McDaniel, Katherine L. Herr, David W. TI Neurochemical changes following a single dose of polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 in mice SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBDE; monoamine; mice; neurotoxicity; flame retardants ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; ADULT MICE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used as commercial flame retardants in a variety of products, including plastics and textiles. Previous studies in our laboratory, and in the literature, showed that exposure to a specific PBDE congener (PBDE 47) during a critical period of brain development may lead to developmental delays and hyperactivity in adulthood. To date, the underlying causes of these behavioral alterations are unknown, although in vitro studies linked PBDEs with potential alterations in neurotransmitter levels, particularly acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA). Alterations in DA function have also been noted in cases of hyperactivity in rodents and humans. The current study examined monoamine levels in male mice acutely exposed to corn oil vehicle or PBDE 47 (1, 10, or 30 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 10. Animals were sacrificed on PND 15, PND 20, and in adulthood (131-159 days old). The cortex, striatum, and cerebellum were isolated and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the concentration of monoamines within each brain region. A statistically significant increase in DA levels was seen within the cortex, regardless of age, but only in the 10-mg/kg PBDE treatment group. While these effects did not show a monotonic dose response, we previously reported hyperactivity in littermates in the same dose group, but not at the lower or higher dose. Thus, early developmental exposure to PBDE 47 alters the levels of cortical DA in male mice, which may correlate with behavioral observations in littermates. C1 [Gee, Jillian R.; Moser, Virginia C.; McDaniel, Katherine L.; Herr, David W.] US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div,TAD MD B105 04, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gee, Jillian R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Tox Assessment Div,TAD MD B105 04, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov FU NCSU/EPA; North Carolina State University [CT82651210] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Ms. D. Lyke with the HPLC and donation of the PBDE 47 by Dr. K. Crofton.; J.G. was supported by the NCSU/EPA Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement CT82651210 with North Carolina State University. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.3109/01480545.2010.536768 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 724MX UT WOS:000287581700016 PM 21314472 ER PT J AU Wang, T Gavin, HM Arlt, VM Lawrence, BP Fenton, SE Medina, D Vorderstrasse, BA AF Wang, Tao Gavin, Heather M. Arlt, Volker M. Lawrence, B. Paige Fenton, Suzanne E. Medina, Daniel Vorderstrasse, Beth A. TI Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation during pregnancy, and in adult nulliparous mice, delays the subsequent development of DMBA-induced mammary tumors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE aryl hydrocarbon receptor; breast cancer; pregnancy; TCDD ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; AH RECEPTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; PRENATAL TCDD; RISK-FACTORS; DNA-ADDUCTS; CROSS-TALK; TUMORIGENESIS AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the prototypic ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promotes tumor formation in some model systems. However, with regard to breast cancer, epidemiological and animal studies are inconclusive as to whether exposure increases tumor incidence or may instead be protective. We have previously reported that mice exposed to TCDD during pregnancy have impaired differentiation of mammary tissue, including decreased branching and poor development of lobuloalveolar structures. Because normal pregnancy-induced mammary differentiation may protect against subsequent neoplastic transformation, we hypothesized that TCDD-treated mice would be more susceptible to chemical carcinogenesis after parturition. To test this, mice were treated with TCDD or vehicle during pregnancy. Four weeks later, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was administered to induce mammary tumor formation. Contrary to our hypothesis, TCDD-exposed parous mice showed a 4-week delay in tumor formation relative to controls, and they had a lower tumor incidence throughout the 27-week time course. The same results were obtained in nulliparous mice given TCDD and DMBA on the same schedule. We next addressed whether the delayed tumor incidence was a reflection of decreased tumor initiation, by testing the formation of DMBA-DNA adducts and preneoplastic lesions, induction of cytochrome P450s, and cell proliferation. None of these markers of tumor initiation differed between vehicle-and TCDD-treated animals. The expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was also measured to address their possible role in tumorigenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that AhR activation by TCDD slows the promotion of preneoplastic lesions to overt mammary tumors. C1 [Wang, Tao; Vorderstrasse, Beth A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wang, Tao; Vorderstrasse, Beth A.] Washington State Univ, Chron Illness Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gavin, Heather M.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Arlt, Volker M.] Inst Canc Res, Sect Mol Carcinogenesis, Surrey, England. [Lawrence, B. Paige] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Lawrence, B. Paige] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY USA. [Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, ORD NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Medina, Daniel] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Vorderstrasse, BA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Wegner Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM vordersb@wsu.edu OI Arlt, Volker Manfred/0000-0003-4314-9318 FU National Institutes for Environmental Health Sciences [ES14422]; WSU Center for Reproductive Biology; Center for Integrated Biotechnology; Cancer Research UK; European Union [513943] FX Grant sponsor: National Institutes for Environmental Health Sciences; Grant number: ES14422; The authors would like to thank Dr. Nairangana Dasgupta (Department of Statistics, WSU) for assistance with statistical analyses; Dr. Betina Lew (University of Rochester, NY) for technical advice; Dr. Matt Settles and Mr. Derek Pouchnik (Molecular Biosciences, WSU) for technical support and statistical evaluation of qRT-PCR data; and core facilities supported by the WSU Center for Reproductive Biology and Center for Integrated Biotechnology. Work at the Institute of Cancer Research was supported by Cancer Research UK. V. M. A. is a member of ECNIS (Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility), a Network of Excellence operating with the European Union 6th Framework Program, Priority 5: "Food Quality and Safety" (Contract No. 513943). NR 82 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 128 IS 7 BP 1509 EP 1523 DI 10.1002/ijc.25493 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 718XI UT WOS:000287159400002 PM 20521247 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Raposa, KB Cournoyer, RM AF McKinney, Richard A. Raposa, Kenneth B. Cournoyer, Rose M. TI Wetlands as habitat in urbanizing landscapes: Patterns of bird abundance and occupancy SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urbanization; Avian diversity; Isolated wetland; New England; Occupancy modeling ID LAND-USE; NEW-ENGLAND; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES; AVIFAUNA; QUALITY; STATES; PONDS AB Wetlands in urban landscapes provide nesting opportunities for wetland breeding birds as well as enhanced food resources that may be utilized by opportunistic species and those that can tolerate human activity. We investigated the degree to which birds utilize urban wetlands by examining breeding bird communities in urban and rural wetlands and nearby uplands in the northeast US. From mid-May through June in 2008, we conducted 10-min, 50m radius point counts at 99 randomly chosen sites along a gradient of watershed urbanization. Bird abundance and species richness was significantly higher in wetlands versus uplands, and at urban wetlands versus urban uplands, but not at rural wetlands versus rural uplands. Overall, more species were present at wetland versus upland sites, but the difference between wetland and upland was less for human-tolerant species. While the amount of natural vegetation within a 50 m buffer of a site was significantly negatively correlated with the amount of urban land within 1 km, bird abundance and species richness increased. Species-specific habitat models using general vegetation classes showed differences in bird habitat associations as watersheds became more urbanized. Our findings demonstrate the importance of wetland habitats for birds, and add to the body of evidence that supports the protection and restoration of wetlands as a means towards maintaining or enhancing habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity in urban landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Raposa, Kenneth B.] Narragansett Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Prudence Isl, RI 02872 USA. [Cournoyer, Rose M.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov; kenny@nbnerr.org; r.m.cournoyer@gmail.com OI McKinney, Richard/0000-0003-4722-3829 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 10 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.11.015 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 735LW UT WOS:000288417100015 ER PT J AU Haas, AJ Gibbons, D Dangel, C Allgeier, S AF Haas, Adam J. Gibbons, Darcy Dangel, Chrissy Allgeier, Steve TI Automated surveillance of 911 call data for detection of possible water contamination incidents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB Background: Drinking water contamination, with the capability to affect large populations, poses a significant risk to public health. In recent water contamination events, the impact of contamination on public health appeared in data streams monitoring health-seeking behavior. While public health surveillance has traditionally focused on the detection of pathogens, developing methods for detection of illness from fast-acting chemicals has not been an emphasis. Methods: An automated surveillance system was implemented for Cincinnati's drinking water contamination warning system to monitor health-related 911 calls in the city of Cincinnati. Incident codes indicative of possible water contamination were filtered from all 911 calls for analysis. The 911 surveillance system uses a space-time scan statistic to detect potential water contamination incidents. The frequency and characteristics of the 911 alarms over a 2.5 year period were studied. Results: During the evaluation, 85 alarms occurred, although most occurred prior to the implementation of an additional alerting constraint in May 2009. Data were available for analysis approximately 48 minutes after calls indicating alarms may be generated 1-2 hours after a rapid increase in call volume. Most alerts occurred in areas of high population density. The average alarm area was 9.22 square kilometers. The average number of cases in an alarm was nine calls. Conclusions: The 911 surveillance system provides timely notification of possible public health events, but did have limitations. While the alarms contained incident codes and location of the caller, additional information such as medical status was not available to assist validating the cause of the alarm. Furthermore, users indicated that a better understanding of 911 system functionality is necessary to understand how it would behave in an actual water contamination event. C1 [Dangel, Chrissy; Allgeier, Steve] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Haas, Adam J.] CSC, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. [Gibbons, Darcy] CSC, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. RP Dangel, C (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dangel.chrissy@epa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 22 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-10-22 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 748XX UT WOS:000289427600001 PM 21450105 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB Houck, KA Sipes, NS Singh, AV Judson, RS Martin, MT Weissman, A Kleinstreuer, NC Mortensen, HM Reif, DM Rabinowitz, JR Setzer, RW Richard, AM Dix, DJ Kavlock, R AF Knudsen, Thomas B. Houck, Keith A. Sipes, Nisha S. Singh, Amar V. Judson, Richard S. Martin, Matthew T. Weissman, Arthur Kleinstreuer, Nicole C. Mortensen, Holly M. Reif, David M. Rabinowitz, James R. Setzer, R. Woodrow Richard, Ann M. Dix, David J. Kavlock, Roberti. TI Activity profiles of 309 ToxCast (TM) chemicals evaluated across 292 biochemical targets SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE High-throughput screening; Computational toxicology; ToxCast; Environmental chemicals ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; ANTRAL FOLLICLES; RAT; ACTIVATION; KINASE; CELLS; MICE AB Understanding the potential health risks posed by environmental chemicals is a significant challenge elevated by the large number of diverse chemicals with generally uncharacterized exposures, mechanisms, and toxicities. The present study is a performance evaluation and critical analysis of assay results for an array of 292 high-throughput cell-free assays aimed at preliminary toxicity evaluation of 320 environmental chemicals in EPA's ToxCast (TM) project (Phase I). The chemicals (309 unique, 11 replicates) were mainly precursors or the active agent of commercial pesticides, for which a wealth of in vivo toxicity data is available. Biochemical HTS (high-throughput screening) profiled cell and tissue extracts using semi-automated biochemical and pharmacological methodologies to evaluate a subset of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), CYP450 enzymes (CYPs), kinases, phosphatases, proteases, HDACs, nuclear receptors, ion channels, and transporters. The primary screen tested all chemicals at a relatively high concentration 25 mu M concentration (or 10 mu M for CYP assays), and a secondary screen re-tested 9132 chemical-assay pairs in 8-point concentration series from 0.023 to 50 mu M (or 0.009-20 mu M for CYPs). Mapping relationships across 93,440 chemical-assay pairs based on half-maximal activity concentration (AC50) revealed both known and novel targets in signaling and metabolic pathways. The primary dataset, summary data and details on quality control checks are available for download at http://www.epa.gov/ncct/toxcast/. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knudsen, Thomas B.; Houck, Keith A.; Sipes, Nisha S.; Judson, Richard S.; Martin, Matthew T.; Kleinstreuer, Nicole C.; Mortensen, Holly M.; Reif, David M.; Rabinowitz, James R.; Setzer, R. Woodrow; Richard, Ann M.; Dix, David J.; Kavlock, Roberti.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol B205 01, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, Amar V.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Weissman, Arthur] Caliper Discovery Alliances & Serv, Hanover, MD USA. RP Knudsen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol B205 01, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM knudsen.thomas@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 FU EPA [EP-W-07-050] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. EPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. EPA authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. AVS is an employee of Lockheed Martin working as a contractor at EPA's RTP campus. AW is an employee of Caliper Discovery Alliances and Services (Hanover, MD) conducting work under EPA contract EP-W-07-050. NR 76 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 282 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2010.12.010 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 737OU UT WOS:000288578900001 PM 21251949 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, D Smuleac, V Lewis, S Xiao, L Varma, R AF Bhattacharyya, Dibakar Smuleac, Vasile Lewis, Scott Xiao, Li Varma, R. TI Nanostructured membranes for green synthesis of nanoparticles and enzyme catalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 5-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804902 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, Barbara TI How should we define Green Nanotechnology and this symposium? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Karn, Barbara] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804898 ER PT J AU Layne, WW AF Layne, Warren W. TI Toward green synthesis of engineered nanomaterials for in-vivo human disease detection and drug delivery with application to nanomaterial design for detection and remediation of environmentally distributed ecological and human toxins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Layne, Warren W.] US EPA, USEPA Reg 5, Superfund Div, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 90-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804921 ER PT J AU Li, M Kurian, S Mazurek, MA McDow, SR Hawley, H Sagona, J AF Li, Min Kurian, Steven Mazurek, Monica A. McDow, Stephen R. Hawley, Harmonic Sagona, Jessica TI Atmospheric abundance of carbonaceous compounds in PM2.5 from the New York City area: Elemental carbon, organic carbon, acidic and neutral components SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Calif Univ Penn, California, PA USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Calif Univ Penn, California, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 237-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804502 ER PT J AU Li, Z Sahle-Demessie, E Hassan, AA Sorial, GA AF Li, Zhen Sahle-Demessie, E. Hassan, Ashraf Aly Sorial, George A. TI Influence of humic acid and its sub-fractions on the stability, aggregation and deposition of CeO2 nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 164-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804461 ER PT J AU Liu, S Chang, NB Yang, YJ AF Liu, Sha Chang, Ni-Bin Yang, Y. Jeffrey TI Geochemical effects of ASR well water on stability of sediment phosphorus in a shallow freshwater lake SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 59-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804392 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Diffuse layer charge/potential relationships on environmental surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Loux, Nicholas T.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 276-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806811 ER PT J AU McKittrick, M AF McKittrick, Michael TI US Environmental Protection Agency: Nanotechnology research directions and initiatives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McKittrick, Michael] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 3-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804900 ER PT J AU Muratov, E Fourches, D Artemenko, A Kuz'min, V Zhao, GY Golbraikh, A Polischuk, P Varlamova, E Baskin, I Palyulin, V Zefirov, N Li, JZ Gramatica, P Martin, T Hormozdiari, F Dao, P Sahinalp, C Cherkasov, A Oberg, T Todeschini, R Poroikov, V Zaharov, A Lagunin, A Filimonov, D Varnek, A Horvath, D Marcou, G Muller, C Xi, LL Liu, HX Yao, XJ Hansen, K Schroeter, T Muller, KR Tetko, I Sushko, I Novotarskyi, S Baker, N Reed, J Barnes, J Tropsha, A AF Muratov, Eugene Fourches, Denis Artemenko, Anatoly Kuz'min, Victor Zhao, Guiyu Golbraikh, Alexander Polischuk, Pavel Varlamova, Ekaterina Baskin, Igor Palyulin, Vladimir Zefirov, Nikolai Li Jiazhong Gramatica, Paola Martin, Todd Hormozdiari, Farhad Phuong Dao Sahinalp, Cenk Cherkasov, Artem Oberg, Tomas Todeschini, Roberto Poroikov, Vladimir Zaharov, Alexey Lagunin, Alexey Filimonov, Dmitriy Varnek, Alexandre Horvath, Dragos Marcou, Gilles Muller, Cristophe Xi, Lili Liu, Huanxiang Yao, Xiaojun Hansen, Katja Schroeter, Timon Muller, Klaus-Robert Tetko, Igor' Sushko, Iurii Novotarskyi, Sergii Baker, Nancy Reed, Jane Barnes, Julia Tropsha, Alexander TI Collaborative QSAR analysis of Ames mutagenicity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NAS Ukraine, AV Bogatsky Phys Chem Inst, Odessa, Ukraine. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. RAS, Inst Biomed Chem, Moscow 117901, Russia. Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Lanzhou Univ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. BioWisdom Ltd, Cambridge, England. Inst Bioinformat, Nurnberg, Germany. RI Oberg, Tomas/H-4543-2011; Varnek, Alexandre/E-7076-2017; Baskin, Igor/I-2490-2012; Cherkasov, Artem/A-2134-2012; Muller, Klaus/C-3196-2013; Zefirov, Nikolay/I-7476-2013; Poroikov, Vladimir/O-2769-2013; Todeschini, Roberto/B-5868-2014; Muratov, Eugene/C-4454-2014; Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Palyulin, Vladimir/G-7546-2014; Tetko, Igor/B-1540-2010; Lagunin, Alexey/G-3745-2010 OI Oberg, Tomas/0000-0001-9382-9296; Varnek, Alexandre/0000-0003-1886-925X; Baskin, Igor/0000-0003-0874-1148; Poroikov, Vladimir/0000-0001-7937-2621; Todeschini, Roberto/0000-0002-6454-4192; Muratov, Eugene/0000-0003-4616-7036; Palyulin, Vladimir/0000-0001-8792-8386; Tetko, Igor/0000-0002-6855-0012; Lagunin, Alexey/0000-0003-1757-8004 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 58-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803480 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Speth, TF Yang, DJ AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Speth, Thomas F. Yang, Duck J. TI Synthesis of self-assembled noble nanostructures using polypyrrole coated cellulose nanofibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, WSWRD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 185-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807051 ER PT J AU Neil, CW Li, WL Jeffrey, Y Jun, YS AF Neil, Chelsea W. Li, Wenlu Jeffrey, Yang Jun, Young-Shin TI Characterizing the effect of water conditions on the oxidation and dissolution of arsenopyrite: Implications for sustainable aquifer recharge using reclaimed water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 58-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804391 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M Falaras, P Likodimos, V Kontos, AG de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel Falaras, Polycarpos Likodimos, Vlassis Kontos, Athanassios G. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Novel NF-TiO2-P25 composite photocatalyst for the removal of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin under visible and solar light SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, SEEBME, Cincinnati, OH USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens, Greece. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 41-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804920 ER PT J AU Robinson, JB Demmitt, B Collins, T Gorey, T Posgai, R Varma, R Hussain, S Rowe, J AF Robinson, Jayne B. Demmitt, Brittany Collins, Tracy Gorey, Tim Posgai, Ryan Varma, Rajender Hussain, Saber Rowe, John TI Green synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit reduced toxicity to mammalian cells and retain antimicrobial activity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 34-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804913 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, SF Sorial, GA Sahle-Demessie, E AF Rosenzweig, Shirley F. Sorial, George A. Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew TI Adsorption of copper ions on commercially available functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 131-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804447 ER PT J AU Salih, H Patterson, C Sorial, G AF Salih, Hafiz Patterson, Craig Sorial, George TI Adsorption of VOCs by activated carbon in the presence and absence of Fe2O3 NPs and humic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Cincinnnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 319-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803845 ER PT J AU Shamim, N AF Shamim, Najm TI Green nanotechnology and pesticides: Scientific and regulatory implications and applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shamim, Najm] US EPA, Dept Off Pesticides Programs, Antimicrobials Div, Risk Assessment & Sci Support Branch, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 33-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804912 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI Production of nanoparticles under benign conditions using vitamins, sugars, glutathione and polyphenols from tea and winery waste SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 6-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804903 ER PT J AU Gokhale, NA Zaremba, A Shears, SB AF Gokhale, Nikhil A. Zaremba, Angelika Shears, Stephen B. TI Receptor-dependent compartmentalization of PPIP5K1, a kinase with a cryptic polyphosphoinositide binding domain SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cell-signalling; compartmentalization; diphosphoinositol polyphosphates; inositol pyrophosphates ID PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE KINASE; DIPHOSPHOINOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATES; PH DOMAINS; PYROPHOSPHATES; CELLS; PHOSPHATE; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB The inositol pyrophosphates are multifunctional signalling molecules. One of the families of enzymes that synthesize the inositol pyrophosphates are the Vip1/PPIP5Ks (PP-InsP(5) kinases). The kinase domains in Vip1/PPIP5Ks have been mapped to their N-terminus. Each of these proteins also possess a phosphatase-like domain of unknown significance. In the present study, we show that this phosphatase-like domain is not catalytically active. Instead, by using SPR (surface plasmon resonance) to study protein binding to immobilized lipid vesicles, we show that this domain is specialized for binding PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) (PPIP5K1 K(d) = 96 nM; PPIP5K2 K(d) = 705 nM). Both PtdIns(3,4)P(2) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 are significantly weaker ligands, and no significant binding of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) was detected. We confirm the functional importance of this domain in inositol lipid binding by site-directed mutagenesis. We present evidence that the PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)-binding domain is an unusual hybrid, in which a partial PH (pleckstrin homology) consensus sequence is spliced into the phosphatase-like domain. Agonist-dependent activation of the PtdIns 3-kinase pathway in NIH 3T3 cells drives translocation of PPIP5K1 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. We have therefore demonstrated receptor-regulated compartmentalization of inositol pyrophosphate synthesis in mammalian cells. C1 [Gokhale, Nikhil A.; Zaremba, Angelika; Shears, Stephen B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositol Signaling Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositol Signaling Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,DHHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Shears@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 434 BP 415 EP 426 DI 10.1042/BJ20101437 PN 3 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 738BI UT WOS:000288613900006 PM 21222653 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, TK Goyne, KW Miles, RJ Baffaut, C Anderson, SH Sudduth, KA AF O'Donnell, T. Kevin Goyne, Keith W. Miles, Randall J. Baffaut, Claire Anderson, Stephen H. Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Determination of representative elementary areas for soil redoximorphic features identified by digital image processing SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Digital photography; Soil redoximorphic features; Micromorphometry; Image classification; Pedology; Hydric soils ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLAYPAN SOILS; THIN-SECTIONS; COLOR; QUANTIFICATION; PATTERN; MICROMORPHOLOGY; DURATION; ECOLOGY; RUNOFF AB Photography has been a welcome tool in documenting and conveying qualitative soil information. When coupled with image analysis software, the usefulness of digital cameras can be increased to advance the field of micropedology. The determination of a representative elementary area (REA) still remains a critical information need for soil scientists so that field measurements are independent of sample size and account for spatial heterogeneity. An objective of this study was to define and determine an REA for Low Chroma and High Chroma soil redoximorphic features (SRFs) present in claypan soils of northeastern Missouri, USA using a digital camera and image classification techniques. An additional objective was to examine REA differences between these two SRF types, soil depths, and landscape positions to highlight sampling considerations when quantifying SRFs in the field. Three metrics were chosen to quantify SRF heterogeneity, including percent occurrence, mean Euclidean distance, and the Interspersion/Juxtaposition Index. The relative change in these metrics was determined for 16 image sizes ranging from 2.5 cm(2) to 40 cm(2) and used to identify an REA. Results showed REAs (mean +/- SE) for Low Chroma (17.7 cm(2) +/- 0.4) and High Chroma (25.4 cm(2) +/- 0.7) were significantly different (alpha = 0.05). Further review of REAs indicated large sampling diameters (>8 cm) are necessary to simultaneously capture REAs of Low Chroma and High Chroma SRFs. When SRFs were considered separately, a >= 5 cm diameter core is recommended to reach an REA for Low Chroma, allowing accurate quantification for soil classification purposes and hydric soil determinations. Federal and state agencies requiring quantifiable SRF measures for land management decisions may greatly benefit from determining these minimum measurement scales, ensuring appropriate data collection methods in the future. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Donnell, T. Kevin; Goyne, Keith W.; Miles, Randall J.; Anderson, Stephen H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Baffaut, Claire; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP O'Donnell, TK (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, 77 W Jackson Blvd G-17J, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM odonnell.thomas@epa.gov FU University of Missouri Research Council [URC-08-046]; USDA-CSREES [2005-51130-02380] FX Funding for this research was provided by the University of Missouri Research Council (Grant # URC-08-046) and the USDA-CSREES, National Integrated Water Quality - Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) (Grant # 2005-51130-02380). NR 65 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 161 IS 3-4 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.011 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 736EU UT WOS:000288474300004 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Cormier, SM AF Suter, Glenn W., II Cormier, Susan M. TI Why and how to combine evidence in environmental assessments: Weighing evidence and building cases SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Weight of evidence; Risk assessment; Ecological risk assessment; Environmental epidemiology; Kit fox; Lines of evidence ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; OF-EVIDENCE APPROACH; SEDIMENT QUALITY TRIAD; LARGE RIVER-RESERVOIR; SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE; CAUSAL INFERENCE; IMPAIRMENT; CONTAMINATION; METAANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY AB All types of environmental decisions benefit from assessments that assemble and analyze diverse evidence. The diversity of that evidence creates complexities that can be managed using an explicit, well-designed process. We suggest two adaptations from the legal lexicon, weight of evidence and building a case. When weighing evidence, weights are assigned to each piece of evidence, and then the body of evidence is weighed in favor of each hypothesis by amassing the weights. Finally, the total weights of evidence for the alternative hypotheses are compared to determine which alternative has the preponderance of evidence in its favor. When building a case, pieces of evidence are organized to show relationships among multiple hypotheses or complex interactions among agents, events, or processes. We provide processes for weighing evidence and building a case and illustrate both approaches in a case study involving the decline of a kit fox population. The general approach presented here is flexible, transparent, and defensible. During its development, it has been applied to risk assessments for contaminated sites and to causal assessments in aquatic and terrestrial systems. It is intended to balance the need for rigor and discipline with the need for sufficient flexibility to accept all relevant evidence and generate creative solutions to difficult environmental problems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Suter, Glenn W., II; Cormier, Susan M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov; cormier.susan@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank Michael McManus and Amy Meyers and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The paper is based on work supported by the U.S. EPA (both authors) and the U.S. Department of Energy (Glenn Suter). Tom O'Farrrell and his staff provided data and advice for the kit fox case and Larry Barnthouse provided the population modeling. The manuscript has been reviewed and cleared by the U.S. EPA, but does not necessarily reflect Agency policies. NR 76 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 8 BP 1406 EP 1417 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.029 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 738IU UT WOS:000288634300007 PM 21277006 ER PT J AU Garrison, AW Avants, JK Jones, WJ AF Garrison, Arthur W. Avants, Jimmy K. Jones, W. Jack TI Microbial Transformation of Triadimefon to Triadimenol in Soils: Selective Production Rates of Triadimenol Stereoisomers Affect Exposure and Risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSELECTIVE DEGRADATION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHIRAL PESTICIDES; RAINBOW-TROUT; METABOLISM; FUNGICIDE; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT; SAFETY AB The microbial transformation of triadimefon, an agricultural fungicide of the 1,2,4-triazole class, was followed at a nominal concentration of SO mu g/mL over 4 months under aerobic conditions in three different soil types. Rates and products of transformation were measured, as well as enantiomer fractions of parent and products. The transformation was biotic and enantioselective, and in each soil the S-(+)-enantiomer reacted faster than the R-(-) one. Rates of the first-order reactions were 0.047, 0.057, and 0.107 d(-1) for the three soils. The transformation involves reduction of the prochiral ketone moiety of triadimefon to an alcohol, resulting in triadimenol, which has two chiral centers and four stereoisomers. The abundances of the four product stereoisomers were different from each other, but abundance ratios were similar for all three soil types. Triadimenol is also a fungicide; the commercial product is composed of two diastereomers of unequal amounts (ratio of about 4.3:1), each having two enantiomers of equal amounts. However, the triadimenol formed by soil transformation of triadimefon exhibited no such stereoisomer profile. Instead, different production rates were observed for each of the four triadimenol stereoisomers, resulting in all stereoisomer concentrations being different from each other and very different from concentration/abundance patterns of the commercial standard. This result is important in risk assessment if the toxicity of the environmental transformation product were to be compared to that of the commercial triaclimenol. Because triadimenol stereoisomers differ in their toxicities, at least to fungi and rats, the biological activity of the triadimenol formed by microbes or other biota in soils depends on the relative abundances of its four stereoisomers. This is an exposure and risk assessment issue that, in principle, applies to any chiral pesticide and its metabolites. C1 [Garrison, Arthur W.; Jones, W. Jack] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Avants, Jimmy K.] US EPA, Senior Serv Amer, NERL ERD, Athens, GA USA. RP Garrison, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. EM garrison.wayne@epa.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2186 EP 2193 DI 10.1021/es103430s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731YH UT WOS:000288146200023 PM 21341686 ER PT J AU Sen, K Sinclair, JL Boczek, L Rice, EW AF Sen, Keya Sinclair, James L. Boczek, Laura Rice, Eugene W. TI Development of a Sensitive Detection Method for Stressed E. coli O157:H7 in Source and Finished Drinking Water by Culture-qPCR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; MULTIPLEX PCR; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; RAPID DETECTION; O157-H7; GENES; OUTBREAK AB A sensitive and specific method that also demonstrates viability is of interest for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. A combination of culture and qPCR was investigated. Two triplex qPCRs, one from a commercial source and another designed for this study were optimized from 5 different assays to be run on a single qPCR plate. The qPCR assays were specific for 33 E. coli O157:H7 strains tested and detected 500 cells spiked in a background of 10(8) nontarget bacterial cells. The qPCR detection was combined with an enrichment process using Presence Absence (P/A) broth to detect chlorine and starvation stressed cells. qPCR analysis performed post-enrichment allowed the detection of 3-4 cells/L as indicated by a sharp increase in fluorescence (lowering of Ct values) from pre-enrichment levels, demonstrating a 5-6 log increase in the number of cells. When six vulnerable untreated surface water samples were examined, only one was positive for viable E. coli O157:H7 cells. These results suggest that the culture-PCR procedure can be used for rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. C1 [Sen, Keya; Sinclair, James L.] US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Boczek, Laura] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rice, Eugene W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sen, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sen.keya@epa.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2250 EP 2256 DI 10.1021/es103365b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731YH UT WOS:000288146200031 PM 21341683 ER PT J AU Wal, RLV Bryg, VM Hays, MD AF Wal, Randy L. Vander Bryg, Vicky M. Hays, Michael D. TI XPS Analysis of Combustion Aerosols for Chemical Composition, Surface Chemistry, and Carbon Chemical State SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOOT PARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEATION; EMISSIONS; GROWTH; IMAGES; FINE; ACID; TEM AB Carbonaceous aerosols can vary in elemental content, surface chemistry, and carbon nanostructure. Each of these properties is related to the details of soot formation. Fuel source, combustion process (affecting formation and growth conditions), and postcombustion exhaust where oxidation occurs all contribute to the physical structure and surface chemistry of soot. Traditionally such physical and chemical parameters have been measured separately by various techniques. Presented here is the unified measurement of these characteristics using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the present study, XPS is applied to combustion soot collected from a diesel engine (running biodiesel and pump-grade fuels); jet engine; and institutional, plant, and residential oil-fired boilers. Elemental composition is mapped by a survey scan over a broad energy range. Surface chemistry and carbon nanostructure are quantified by deconvolution of high-resolution scans over the C1s region. This combination of parameters forms a distinct matrix of identifiers for the soots from these sources. C1 [Wal, Randy L. Vander] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wal, Randy L. Vander] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bryg, Vicky M.] NASA, USRA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wal, RLV (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ruv12@psu.edu RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1924 EP 1930 DI 10.1021/ac102365s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 732KE UT WOS:000288182900010 ER PT J AU Tatum-Gibbs, K Wambaugh, JF Das, KP Zehr, RD Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Delinsky, A Lau, C AF Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria Wambaugh, John F. Das, Kaberi P. Zehr, Robert D. Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Delinsky, Amy Lau, Christopher TI Comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluorononanoic acid in rat and mouse SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorononanoic acid; Pharmacokinetics; Mouse; Rat ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE APFO; PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ORAL GAVAGE; POTASSIUM PERFLUOROBUTANESULFONATE; TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION; FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOLS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS AB Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a fluorinated organic chemical found at low levels in the environment, but is detectable in humans and wildlife. The present study compared the pharmacokinetic properties of PFNA in two laboratory rodent species. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of PFNA by oral gavage at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, and blood was collected from the tail vein at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 16, 21, 28,35, 42 and 50 days after treatment. In addition, livers and kidneys were collected for PFNA analysis at the terminal time point. CD-1 mice were given a single oral dose of PFNA of 1 or 10 mg/kg, and 4 males and 4 females were killed at similar time intervals; trunk blood, liver and kidney were collected. Serum and tissue concentrations of PFNA were determined by LC-MS/MS. Serum elimination of PFNA is by and large linear with exposure doses in the rat; however, like PFOA, a major sex difference in the rate of elimination is observed, with an estimated half-life of 30.6 days for males and 1.4 days for females. PFNA is stored preferentially in the liver but not in the kidneys. In the mouse, the rates of PFNA serum elimination are non-linear with exposure dose and are slightly faster in females than males, with terminal estimated serum half-life of 25.8-68.4 days and 34.3-68.9 days, respectively. PFNA is also stored preferentially in the mouse liver but not in the kidneys. Hepatic uptake appears to be more efficient and storage capacity greater in male mice than in females. These data suggest that (1) PFNA is more persistent in the mouse than in the rat; (2) there is a major sex difference in the serum elimination of PFNA in the rat, but much less so in the mouse; and (3) there is a significantly higher hepatic accumulation of PFNA in male mice than in females. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Delinsky, Amy; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tatum-Gibbs, Katoria] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wambaugh, John F.] Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Das, Kaberi P.; Zehr, Robert D.; Lau, Christopher] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 281 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2011.01.003 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 734NX UT WOS:000288341900006 PM 21237237 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Padilla, S AF Moser, V. C. Padilla, S. TI Esterase metabolism of cholinesterase inhibitors using rat liver in vitro SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; PON; Carboxylesterase; Organophosphate; Carbamate; In vitro ID TOXICOLOGICALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; PARAOXONASE PON1 STATUS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CHLORPYRIFOS-OXON; SOMAN TOXICITY; CARBOXYLESTERASE INHIBITION; INTERSPECIES DIFFERENCES; SERUM-ALBUMIN; A-ESTERASES; ADULT RATS AB A variety of chemicals, such as organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides, nerve agents, and industrial chemicals, inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to overstimulation of the cholinergic nervous system. The resultant neurotoxicity is similar across mammalian species; however, the relative potencies of the chemicals across and within species depend in part on chemical-specific metabolic and detoxification processes. Carboxylesterases and A-esterases (paraoxonases, PUN) are two enzymatic detoxification pathways that have been widely studied. We used an in vitro system to measure esterase-dependent detoxification of 15 AChE inhibitors. The target enzyme AChE served as a bioassay of inhibitor concentration following incubation with detoxifying tissue. Concentration-inhibition curves were determined for the inhibitor in the presence of buffer (no liver), rat liver plus calcium (to stimulate PONs and thereby measure both PUN and carboxylesterase), and rat liver plus EGTA (to inhibit calcium-dependent PONs, measuring carboxylesterase activity). Point estimates (concentrations calculated to produce 20, 50, and 80% inhibition) were compared across conditions and served as a measure of esterase-mediated detoxification. Results with well-known inhibitors (chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon, methyl paraoxon, malaoxon) were in agreement with the literature, serving to support the use of this assay. Only a few other inhibitors showed slight or a trend towards detoxification via carboxylesterases or PONs (mevinphos, aldicarb, oxamyl). There was no apparent PON- or carboxylesterase-mediated detoxification of the remaining inhibitors (carbofuran, chlorfenvinphos, dicrotophos, fenamiphos, methamidophos, methomyl, monocrotophos, phosphamidon), suggesting that the influence of esterases on these chemicals is minimal. Thus, generalizations regarding these metabolic pathways may not be appropriate. As with other aspects of AChE inhibitors, their metabolic patterns appear to be chemical-specific. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Moser, V. C.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 04, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Padilla, S.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Tox Assessment Div MD B105 04, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX The authors have no conflict of interest. The research was funded via the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development, US EPA. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 281 IS 1-3 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2011.01.002 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 734NX UT WOS:000288341900007 PM 21237238 ER PT J AU Darling, JA AF Darling, John A. TI Interspecific Hybridization and Mitochondrial Introgression in Invasive Carcinus Shore Crabs SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN GREEN CRAB; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-VARIATION; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; RANGE EXPANSION; MAENAS; AESTUARII; DNA AB Interspecific hybridization plays an important role in facilitating adaptive evolutionary change. More specifically, recent studies have demonstrated that hybridization may dramatically influence the establishment, spread, and impact of invasive populations. In Japan, previous genetic evidence for the presence of two non-native congeners, the European green crab Carcinus maenas and the Mediterranean green crab C. aestuarii, has raised questions regarding the possibility of hybridization between these sister species. Here I present analysis based on both nuclear microsatellites and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene which unambiguously argues for a hybrid origin of Japanese Carcinus. Despite the presence of mitochondrial lineages derived from both C. maenas and C. aestuarii, the Japanese population is panmictic at nuclear loci and has achieved cytonuclear equilibrium throughout the sampled range in Japan. Furthermore, analysis of admixture at nuclear loci indicates dramatic introgression of the C. maenas mitochondrial genome into a predominantly C. aestuarii nuclear background. These patterns, along with inferences drawn from the observational record, argue for a hybridization event pre-dating the arrival of Carcinus in Japan. The clarification of both invasion history and evolutionary history afforded by genetic analysis provides information that may be critically important to future studies aimed at assessing risks posed by invasive Carcinus populations to Japan and the surrounding region. C1 US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM darling.john@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development; EPA Region 9; EPA Region 10 FX This work was funded in part through an internal EPA Regional Applied Research Effort between Office of Research and Development and EPA Regions 9 and 10. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17828 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017828 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736RS UT WOS:000288512400031 PM 21423759 ER PT J AU Wetz, MS Hutchinson, EA Lunetta, RS Paerl, HW Taylor, JC AF Wetz, Michael S. Hutchinson, Emily A. Lunetta, Ross S. Paerl, Hans W. Taylor, J. Christopher TI Severe droughts reduce estuarine primary productivity with cascading effects on higher trophic levels SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER FLOW; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; HABITAT DEGRADATION; COASTAL WATERS; STRIPED BASS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Using a 10-yr time-series data set, we analyzed the effects of two severe droughts on water-quality and ecosystem processes in a temperate, eutrophic estuary (Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina). During the droughts, dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were on average 46-68% lower than the long-term mean due to reduced riverine input. Phytoplankton productivity and biomass were slightly below average for most of the estuary during a spring-autumn drought in 2002, but were dramatically lower than average throughout the estuary during an autumn-winter drought in 2007-2008. Droughts affected upper trophic levels through alteration of both habitat condition (i.e., bottom-water dissolved oxygen levels) and food availability. Bottom-water dissolved oxygen levels were near or slightly above average during the 2002 drought and during summer 2007. Concomitant with these modest improvements in bottom-water oxygen condition, fish kills were greatly reduced relative to the long-term average. Low-oxygen bottom-water conditions were more pronounced during summer 2008 in the latter stages of the 2007-2008 drought, and mesozooplankton abundances were eight-fold lower in summer 2008 than during nondrought years. Below-average mesozooplankton abundances persisted for well over 1 yr beyond cessation of the drought. Significant fish kills were observed in summer 2008 and 2009, perhaps due to the synergistic effects of hypoxia and reduced food availability. These results indicate that droughts can exert both ephemeral and prolonged multiyear influence on estuarine ecosystem processes and provide a glimpse into the future, when many regions of the world are predicted to face increased drought frequency and severity due to climate change. C1 [Wetz, Michael S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Hutchinson, Emily A.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Wetz, MS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. EM michael.wetz@tamucc.edu FU National Research Council [EID 0812913]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Chemical Oceanography [OCE 0726989]; NSF Biological Oceanography [OCE 0825466]; North Carolina Sea Grant [R/MER-58]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R82867701]; EPA's Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems Advanced Monitoring Initiative [14]; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship to M. S. W., grants from National Science Foundation (NSF) Chemical Oceanography (OCE 0726989), NSF Biological Oceanography (OCE 0825466), NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (EID 0812913), North Carolina Sea Grant (R/MER-58), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results project R82867701, and the EPA's Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems Advanced Monitoring Initiative (grant 14). The ModMon program is supported with funding by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources to HWP. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0627 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 765BG UT WOS:000290677800018 ER PT J AU Bayless, ER Mandell, WA Ursic, JR AF Bayless, E. R. Mandell, Wayne A. Ursic, James R. TI Accuracy of Flowmeters Measuring Horizontal Groundwater Flow in an Unconsolidated Aquifer Simulator SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID BOREHOLE FLOWMETER; WATER FLOW AB Borehole flowmeters that measure horizontal flow velocity and direction of groundwater flow are being increasingly applied to a wide variety of environmental problems. This study was carried out to evaluate the measurement accuracy of several types of flowmeters in an unconsolidated aquifer simulator. Flowmeter response to hydraulic gradient, aquifer properties, and well-screen construction was measured during 2003 and 2005 at the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. The flowmeters tested included a commercially available heat-pulse flowmeter, an acoustic Doppler flowmeter, a scanning colloidal borescope flowmeter, and a fluid-conductivity logging system. Results of the study indicated that at least one flowmeter was capable of measuring borehole flow velocity and direction in most simulated conditions. The mean error in direction measurements ranged from 15.1 degrees to 23.5 degrees and the directional accuracy of all tested flowmeters improved with increasing hydraulic gradient. The range of Darcy velocities examined in this study ranged 4.3 to 155 ft/d. For many plots comparing the simulated and measured Darcy velocity, the squared correlation coefficient (r2) exceeded 0.92. The accuracy of velocity measurements varied with well construction and velocity magnitude. The use of horizontal flowmeters in environmental studies appears promising but applications may require more than one type of flowmeter to span the range of conditions encountered in the field. Interpreting flowmeter data from field settings may be complicated by geologic heterogeneity, preferential flow, vertical flow, constricted screen openings, and nonoptimal screen orientation. C1 [Bayless, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Mandell, Wayne A.] USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Ursic, James R.] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Bayless, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM ebayless@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 48 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01324.x PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 763FT UT WOS:000290541500003 ER PT J AU Huling, SG Ko, S Pivetz, B AF Huling, Scott G. Ko, Saebom Pivetz, Bruce TI Groundwater Sampling at ISCO Sites: Binary Mixtures of Volatile Organic Compounds and Persulfate SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL OXIDATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; KINETICS; PERMANGANATE; RADICALS AB In situ chemical oxidation involves the introduction of a chemical oxidant into the subsurface for the purpose of transforming groundwater contaminants into harmless by-products. Owing to oxidant persistence, groundwater samples collected at hazardous waste sites may contain both the contaminant(s) and the oxidant in a "binary mixture." Binary mixtures composed of sodium persulfate (2.5 g/L; 10.5 mM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (benzene, toluene, m-xylene, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene) were analyzed to assess the impact on the quality of the sample. A significant decline (49 to 100%) in VOC concentrations was measured in binary mixtures using gas chromatography (GC) purge and trap, and GC mass spectroscopy headspace methods. Preservation of the binary mixture samples was achieved through the addition of ascorbic acid (99 to 100% VOC average recovery). High concentrations of ascorbic acid (42 to 420 mM) did not interfere in the measurement of the VOCs and did not negatively impact the analytical instruments. High concentrations of ascorbic acid favored the reaction between persulfate and ascorbic acid while limiting the reaction between persulfate and VOCs. If an oxidant is detected and the binary sample is not appropriately preserved, the quality of the sample is likely to be compromised. C1 [Huling, Scott G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Ko, Saebom] CNR, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Pivetz, Bruce] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov; ko.saebom@epa.gov; pivetz.bruce@epa.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01332.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 763FT UT WOS:000290541500005 ER PT J AU Watrud, LS King, G Londo, JP Colasanti, R Smith, BM Waschmann, RS Lee, EH AF Watrud, Lidia S. King, George Londo, Jason P. Colasanti, Ricardo Smith, Bonnie M. Waschmann, Ronald S. Lee, E. Henry TI Changes in constructed Brassica communities treated with glyphosate drift SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; biotech risk assessment; Brassica spp.; canola; glyphosate; herbicide resistance; plant ecology; transgenic crops ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INFLUENCE PLANT DIVERSITY; MODIFIED OILSEED RAPE; GENE FLOW; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; B-RAPA; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WILD RELATIVES; SPRAY DRIFT; NAPUS L. AB We constructed a mixed-species community designed to simulate roadside and field edge plant communities and exposed it to glyphosate drift in order to test three hypotheses: (1) higher fitness in transgenic Brassica carrying the CP4 EPSPS transgene that confers resistance to glyphosate will result in significant changes in the plant community relative to control communities; (2) given repeated years of glyphosate drift selective pressure, the increased fitness of the transgenic Brassica with CP4 EPSPS will contribute to an increase in the proportion of transgenic progeny produced in plant communities; and (3) the increased fitness of Brassica carrying the CP4 EPSPS transgene will contribute to decreased levels of mycorrhizal infection and biomass in a host species (Trifolium incarnatum). Due to regulatory constraints that prevented the use of outdoor plots for our studies, in 2005 we established multispecies communities in five large cylindrical outdoor sunlit mesocosms (plastic greenhouses) designed for pollen confinement. Three of the community members were sexually compatible Brassica spp.: transgenic glyphosate-resistant canola (B. napus) cultivar (cv.) RaideRR, glyphosate-sensitive non-transgenic B. napus cv. Sponsor, and a weedy B. rapa (GRIN Accession 21735). Additional plant community members were the broadly distributed annual weeds Digitaria sanguinalis, Panicum capillare, and Lapsana communis. Once annually in 2006 and 2007, two mesocosms were sprayed with glyphosate at 10% of the field application rate to simulate glyphosate drift as a selective pressure. After two years, changes were observed in community composition, plant density, and biomass in both control and treatment mesocosms. In control mesocosms, the weed D. sanguinalis (crabgrass) began to dominate. In glyphosate drift-treated mesocosms, Brassica remained the dominant genus and the incidence of the CP4 EPSPS transgene increased in the community. Shoot biomass and mycorrhizal infection in Trifolium incarnatum planted in 2008 were significantly lower in mesocosms that had received glyphosate drift treatments. Our results suggest that, over time, glyphosate drift can contribute to persistence of Brassica that express the CP4 EPSPS transgene and that increased representation of Brassica (a non-mycorrhizal host) within plant communities may indirectly negatively impact beneficial ecosystem services associated with arbuscular mycorrhiza. C1 [Watrud, Lidia S.; Smith, Bonnie M.; Waschmann, Ronald S.; Lee, E. Henry] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [King, George] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Londo, Jason P.; Colasanti, Ricardo] CNR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM watrud.lidia@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors thank the Agency pre-submission external reviewer and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful critiques and suggestions. The authors also thank Mike Bollman for his capable assistance in plant species selection, Marjorie Storm for excellent planting and harvest support, Milt Plocher for providing glyphosate treatments, Gail Heine for carefully monitoring plant growth and providing harvest support, and Fred Senecal for monitoring soil moisture and watering the plant communities. NR 85 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 525 EP 538 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754YJ UT WOS:000289893500020 PM 21563582 ER PT J AU Firman, JC Steel, EA Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Christiansen, K Feist, BE Larsen, DP Anlauf, K AF Firman, Julie C. Steel, E. Ashley Jensen, David W. Burnett, Kelly M. Christiansen, Kelly Feist, Blake E. Larsen, David P. Anlauf, Kara TI Landscape Models of Adult Coho Salmon Density Examined at Four Spatial Extents SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LAND-USE; MARINE SURVIVAL; COASTAL OREGON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; STREAM HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; FINE SEDIMENT; SCALE; USA AB Salmon occupy large areas over which comprehensive surveys are not feasible owing to the prohibitive expense of surveying thousands of kilometers of streams. Studies of these populations generally rely on sampling a small portion of the distribution of the species. However, managers often need information about areas that have not been visited. The availability of geographical information systems data on landscape features over broad extents makes it possible to develop models to comprehensively predict the distribution of spawning salmon over large areas. In this study, the density of spawning coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was modeled from landscape features at multiple spatial extents to identify regions or conditions needed to conserve populations of threatened fish, identify spatial relationships that might be important in modeling, and evaluate whether seventh-field hydrologic units might serve as a surrogate for delineated catchments. We used geospatial data to quantify landscape characteristics at four spatial extents (a 100-m streamside buffer, a 500-m streamside buffer, all adjacent seventh-field hydrologic units [mean area = 18 km(2)], and the catchment upstream from the reach [mean area = 17 km(2)]). Predictions from models incorporating land use, land ownership, geology, and climate variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.66-0.75, P < 0.0001) with observed adult coho salmon in the study area. In general, coho salmon densities (peak count of adults per kilometer) were greatest in river reaches within landscapes of undeveloped forest land with little area in weak rock types, areas with low densities of cattle and roads, and areas with a relatively large range in winter temperatures. The ability to predict the spatial distribution of coho salmon spawners from landscape data has great utility in guiding conservation, monitoring, and restoration efforts. C1 [Firman, Julie C.; Anlauf, Kara] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Off, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Burnett, Kelly M.; Christiansen, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jensen, David W.; Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Firman, JC (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Off, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM julie.firman@oregonstate.edu OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX We thank Kirstin Holsman, Steve Jacobs, Dave Jepsen, and Phil Roni for their comments on this work. Erin Gilbert was instrumental in delineating stream segments and helped to determine the scope and direction of this work. Steve Jacobs, Kelly Moore, and Mark Lewis led the project to monitor coho salmon, and a cast of hundreds was involved in gathering and preparing data on adult coho salmon and landscape conditions. Funding was provided by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 440 EP 455 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567854 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 751PN UT WOS:000289630100017 ER PT J AU Davis, JH Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ AF Davis, Jennifer H. Griffith, Stephen M. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. TI Surface Water and Groundwater Nitrogen Dynamics in a Well Drained Riparian Forest within a Poorly Drained Agricultural Landscape SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NITRATE REMOVAL; FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; TRANSIENT STORAGE; ADJACENT CROPLAND; WILLAMETTE RIVER; HYPORHEIC FLOW; BUFFER ZONES AB The effectiveness of riparian zones in mitigating nutrients in ground and surface water depends on the climate, management, and hydrogeomorphology of a site. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a well drained, mixed-deciduous riparian forest to buff er a river from N originating from a poorly drained grass seed cropping system. The study site was adjacent to the Calapooia River in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Water was found to move from the rapid drainage of swale surface water. During winter hydrological events, the riparian forest also received river water. Low nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentrations (0.2-0.4 mg NO(3)(-)-N L(-1)) in the shallow groundwater of the cropping system were associated with low rates of mineralization and nitrification (33 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and high grass seed crop uptake of N (155 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). The riparian forest soil had higher rates of mineralization (117 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) that produced quantities of soil N that were within the range of literature values for plant uptake, leading to relatively low concentrations of shallow groundwater NO(3)-(0.6-1.8 mg NO(3)(-)-N L(-1)). The swale that dissected the cropping system and riparian area was found to have the highest rates of denitrification and to contribute dissolved organic C to the river. Given the dynamic nature of the hydrology of the Calapooia River study site, data suggest that the riparian forest plays a role not only in reducing export of NO(3)-from the cropping system to the river but also in processing nutrients from river water. C1 [Davis, Jennifer H.; Griffith, Stephen M.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Steve.Griffith@ars.usda.gov FU USEPA [DW12936582]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This paper is a joint contribution from the USEPA and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. This research was funded by the USEPA under interagency agreement DW12936582 and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. It has been subjected to agency review and has been approved for publication. We thank Paul Mayer and Robert Ozretich for review comments of a preliminary draft of this journal article. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication (or page) is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0310 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000025 PM 21520758 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS Newcomer, TA AF Harrison, Melanie D. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. Newcomer, Tamara A. TI Denitrification in Alluvial Wetlands in an Urban Landscape SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER DENITRIFICATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITROUS-OXIDE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; STREAM RESTORATION; NITRATE REMOVAL; HOT MOMENTS; RIVER-BASIN AB Riparian wetlands have been shown to be effective "sinks" for nitrate N (NO(3)(-)), minimizing the downstream export of N to streams and coastal water bodies. However, the vast majority of riparian denitrification research has been in agricultural and forested watersheds, with relatively little work on riparian wetland function in urban watersheds. We investigated the variation and magnitude of denitrification in three constructed and two relict oxbow urban wetlands, and in two forested reference wetlands in the Baltimore metropolitan area. Denitrification rates in wetland sediments were measured with a 15N-enriched NO(3)(-) "push-pull" groundwater tracer method during the summer and winter of 2008. Mean denitrification rates did not differ among the wetland types and ranged from 147 +/- 29 mu g N kg soil(-1) d(-1) in constructed stormwater wetlands to 100 +/- 11 mu g N kg soil(-1) d(-1) in relict oxbows to 106 +/- 32 mu g N kg soil(-1) d(-1) in forested reference wetlands. High denitrification rates were observed in both summer and winter, suggesting that these wetlands are sinks for NO(3)(-) year round. Comparison of denitrification rates with NO(3)(-) standing stocks in the wetland water column and stream NO(3)(-) loads indicated that mass removal of NO(3)(-) in urban wetland sediments by denitrification could be substantial. Our results suggest that urban wetlands have the potential to reduce NO(3)(-) in urban landscapes and should be considered as a means to manage N in urban watersheds. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Harrison, Melanie D.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12454 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Newcomer, Tamara A.] Univ Maryland, Dep Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Newcomer, Tamara A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM harris10@umbc.edu RI Newcomer, Tamara/E-5561-2011; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/D-1045-2013; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/0000-0002-2496-7641; Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU USEPA through its Office of Research and Development with the Institute of Ecosystem Studies [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0423476]; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U]; NSF [0549469]; NOAA FX This research was supported by grants from USEPA through its Office of Research and Development under cooperative agreement CR829676 with the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, U.S. National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), Maryland Sea Grant SA7528085-U, NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (0549469), and NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program. Bill Stack of Baltimore City Department of Public Works provided input for selection of study sites, helpful discussion, and logistical advice. Andrew Miller, Margaret Palmer, and Christopher Swan provided thoughtful comments regarding data analysis and presentation. We thank Dan Dillon, Daniel Jones, Gwendolyn Sivirichi, Melissa Griese, Dave Lewis, Lisa Martel, and Daniel Miles for assistance with field and laboratory work. The research has not been subjected to USEPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 87 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 64 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0335 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000037 PM 21520770 ER PT J AU Brams, M Pandya, A Kuzmin, D van Elk, R Krijnen, L Yakel, JL Tsetlin, V Smit, AB Ulens, C AF Brams, Marijke Pandya, Anshul Kuzmin, Dmitry van Elk, Rene Krijnen, Liz Yakel, Jerrel L. Tsetlin, Victor Smit, August B. Ulens, Chris TI A Structural and Mutagenic Blueprint for Molecular Recognition of Strychnine and d-Tubocurarine by Different Cys-Loop Receptors SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; CURARIFORM ANTAGONISTS BIND; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; PHARMACOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 5HT(3) RECEPTOR; XENOPUS-OOCYTES AB Cys-loop receptors (CLR) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast excitatory or inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively. In this study we addressed the question how the molecular recognition of strychnine and d-TC occurs with high affinity and yet low specificity towards diverse CLR family members. X-ray crystal structures of the complexes with AChBP, a well-described structural homolog of the extracellular domain of the nAChRs, revealed that strychnine and d-TC adopt multiple occupancies and different ligand orientations, stabilizing the homopentameric protein in an asymmetric state. This introduces a new level of structural diversity in CLRs. Unlike protein and peptide neurotoxins, strychnine and d-TC form a limited number of contacts in the binding pocket of AChBP, offering an explanation for their low selectivity. Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine-and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha 1 GlyR and alpha 7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively. Our results demonstrate that a limited number of ligand interactions in the binding pocket together with an energetic stabilization of the extracellular domain are key to the poor selective recognition of strychnine and d-TC by CLRs as diverse as the GlyR, nAChR, and 5-HT(3)R. C1 [Brams, Marijke; Krijnen, Liz; Ulens, Chris] KULeuven, Lab Struct Neurobiol, Louvain, Belgium. [Pandya, Anshul; Yakel, Jerrel L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kuzmin, Dmitry; Tsetlin, Victor] Russian Acad Sci, Dept Mol Basis Neurosignaling, Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Inst Bioorgan Chem, Moscow, Russia. [van Elk, Rene; Smit, August B.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Ctr Neurogen & Cognit Res, Dept Mol & Cellular Neurobiol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Brams, M (reprint author), KULeuven, Lab Struct Neurobiol, Louvain, Belgium. EM chris.ulens@med.kuleuven.be RI Smit, August /E-8410-2011; OI Kuzmin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4380-6018 FU EU [2020288]; RFBR; MCB RAS; NIEHS/NIH FX This research was supported by the following grants: EU FP7 2020288 NeuroCypres to CU, ABS, VT (http://www.neurocypres.eu). RFBR and MCB RAS grants to VT (http://www.rfbr.ru and http://www.ras.ru/presidium/documents/directions.aspx?ID=727c26ac-2098-4 45a-a7ab-344b5bb71165). NIEHS/NIH Intramural Research Program to JY. KULeuven Onderzoekstoelage OT/08/048 to CU. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 3 AR e1001034 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001034 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 742KQ UT WOS:000288942200018 PM 21468359 ER PT J AU Hammond, D Conlon, K Barzyk, T Chahine, T Zartarian, V Schultz, B AF Hammond, Davyda Conlon, Kathryn Barzyk, Timothy Chahine, Teresa Zartarian, Valerie Schultz, Brad TI Assessment and Application of National Environmental Databases and Mapping Tools at the Local Level to Two Community Case Studies SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Air quality system; community maps; geographic information system; National Air Toxics Assessment; National Emissions Inventory ID CITIZEN PARTICIPATION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; EXPOSURES AB Communities are concerned over pollution levels and seek methods to systematically identify and prioritize the environmental stressors in their communities. Geographic information system (GIS) maps of environmental information can be useful tools for communities in their assessment of environmental-pollution-related risks. Databases and mapping tools that supply community-level estimates of ambient concentrations of hazardous pollutants, risk, and potential health impacts can provide relevant information for communities to understand, identify, and prioritize potential exposures and risk from multiple sources. An assessment of existing databases and mapping tools was conducted as part of this study to explore the utility of publicly available databases, and three of these databases were selected for use in a community-level GIS mapping application. Queried data from the U.S. EPA's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, Air Quality System, and National Emissions Inventory were mapped at the appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions for identifying risks of exposure to air pollutants in two communities. The maps combine monitored and model-simulated pollutant and health risk estimates, along with local survey results, to assist communities with the identification of potential exposure sources and pollution hot spots. Findings from this case study analysis will provide information to advance the development of new tools to assist communities with environmental risk assessments and hazard prioritization. C1 [Hammond, Davyda; Conlon, Kathryn; Barzyk, Timothy; Chahine, Teresa; Zartarian, Valerie; Schultz, Brad] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hammond, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MC E205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hammond.davyda@epa.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01527.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 731QV UT WOS:000288125300012 PM 21077925 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MC Williamson, DG Brooks, S AF Gabriel, Mark C. Williamson, Derek G. Brooks, Steve TI Potential impact of rainfall on the air-surface exchange of total gaseous mercury from two common urban ground surfaces SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Total gaseous mercury; Urban; Rainfall; Terrestrial surface; Air-surface exchange; Runoff ID FLUX CHAMBER MEASUREMENT; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; BACKGROUND SOILS; EMISSION FLUXES; FORESTS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; SIMULATION; PETROLEUM AB The impact of rainfall on total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux from pavement and street dirt surfaces was investigated in an effort to determine the influence of wet weather events on mercury transport in urban watersheds. Street dirt and pavement are common urban ground surfaces that concentrate many substances (eroded soil, leaf and vegetation litter, automobile debris, industrial atmospheric fallout) which can contain elevated mercury concentrations. In this study, the primary analyses included (i) observing the time series flux of TGM from pavement and street dirt following surface wetting and (ii) determining if wet deposition provides a fresh source of mercury that is available for release (emission) when applied to these surfaces. Application of de-ionized water (DI) and rainwater both induced an immediate 65% increase in TGM emission from pavement (from 0.5 to 1.4 ng m(-2) h(-1) [based on averages]). For street dirt, an immediate 70% increase in emission was induced following DI water application (from 3.0 to 9.0 ng m(-2) h(-1) [based on averages]) and an immediate 30% increase in emission following rainwater application (from 4.5 to 6.5 ng m(-2) h(-1) [based on averages]). Both surfaces showed continuous elevated release of TGM following the initial water application stage. There was a decrease in emission as the pavement surface dried. Despite the difference in immediate TGM emission from street dirt using both solutions, statistical evaluation indicated there was no prolonged difference. This suggests that mercury in rainwater was not available for re-emission when applied to these surfaces, at least for the time frame studied (2 h after water application). Therefore, it is likely that the elevated TGM emission following water application resulted primarily from pre-existing mercury. Removal of pre-existing mercury by water application followed a zero order process for both surfaces; however, removal rates were much different for each surface (k = 0.26 ng m(-2) min(-1) for street dirt; k = 0.03 ng m(-2) min(-1) for pavement). Results from laboratory surface washing experiments revealed only 0.1% of all available surface-bound mercury on pavement was removed by surface emission 90 min after a simulated light rainfall event (0.13 cm of rainfall). (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gabriel, Mark C.; Williamson, Derek G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Brooks, Steve] NOAA, ATDD Canaan Valley Inst, Davis, WV 26260 USA. RP Gabriel, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM marklive02live@yahoo.com; dwilliamson@coe.eng.ua.edu; steve.brooks@noaa.gov FU DOE EPSCoR; University of Alabama, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering FX The authors wish to thank Oak Ridge National Laboratory and University of Minnesota for providing instrumentation, technical expertise and analytical laboratory assistance. Additionally, the authors wish express their gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments and suggestions. This research was financially supported by DOE EPSCoR and the University of Alabama, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1766 EP 1774 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.035 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739OI UT WOS:000288727100015 ER PT J AU Cassee, FR van Balen, EC Singh, C Green, D Muijser, H Weinstein, J Dreher, K AF Cassee, Flemming R. van Balen, Erna C. Singh, Charanjeet Green, David Muijser, Hans Weinstein, Jason Dreher, Kevin TI Exposure, Health and Ecological Effects Review of Engineered Nanoscale Cerium and Cerium Oxide Associated with its Use as a Fuel Additive SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cerium; ceria; cerium oxide; toxicity; fuel additive; exposure; nanomaterial ID RARE-EARTH PNEUMOCONIOSIS; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SOLUBLE AEROSOLS; HEAVY-METALS; TOXICITY; LUNG; CELLS AB Advances of nanoscale science have produced nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties at commercial levels which are now incorporated into over 1000 products. Nanoscale cerium (di) oxide (CeO(2)) has recently gained a wide range of applications which includes coatings, electronics, biomedical, energy and fuel additives. Many applications of engineered CeO(2) nanoparticles are dispersive in nature increasing the risk of exposure and interactions with a variety of environmental media with unknown health, safety and environmental implications. As evident from a risk assessment perspective, the health effects of CeO(2) nanoparticles are not only dependent on their intrinsic toxicity but also on the level of exposure to these novel materials. Although this may seem logical, numerous studies have assessed the health effects of nanoparticles without this simple but critical risk assessment perspective. This review extends previous exposure and toxicological assessments for CeO(2) particles by summarizing the current state of micro and nano-scale cerium exposure and health risks derived from epidemiology, air quality monitoring, fuel combustion and toxicological studies to serve as a contemporary comprehensive and integrated toxicological assessment. Based on the new information presented in this review there is an ongoing exposure to a large population to new diesel emissions generated using fuel additives containing CeO2 nanoparticles for which the environmental (air quality and climate change) and public health impacts of this new technology are not known. Therefore, there is an absolute critical need for integrated exposure and toxicological studies in order to accurately assess the environmental, ecological and health implications of nanotechnology enabled diesel fuel additives with existing as well as new engine designs and fuel formulations. 98%). Degradation of the denuder performance after repeated regeneration by heating (400 degrees C) and flushing with an air/oxygen ratio of 2:1 was not observed for a total of nine experiments. Evaluation of dark (with chamber cover closed) experiments (four in total) with and without the denuder in-line revealed some reduction (22%) of diesel particulate matter (DPM) with use of the denuder, most likely a result of impaction or settling of DPM during DE transit. However, DPM reduction may have also been a result of reductions in effective load of the engine-dyno system during the DE injections. Extensive chemical characterization of DPM revealed no significant perturbation of major compound groups associated with denuder use, except for nitrated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) concentrations. The implications of high-NOx experiments without the use of a NOx denuder are discussed. C1 [Samy, Shar; Zielinska, Barbara] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Sagebiel, John C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Hlth & Safety, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McDonald, Jacob D.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Samy, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Samy.Shar@epa.gov FU Health Effects Institute FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Fred Rogers, Larry Sheetz, and Rick Purcell for their contribution throughout the experimentation and development stages. In addition, staff at the Organic Analytical Laboratory at the Desert Research Institute and the Fundacion Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo were very helpful in providing needed support at crucial moments. The Health Effects Institute funded this work. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.61.3.319 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734CE UT WOS:000288310000010 PM 21416759 ER PT J AU Wheeler, AJ Xu, XH Kulka, R You, HY Wallace, L Mallach, G Van Ryswyk, K MacNeill, M Kearney, J Rasmussen, PE Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E Wang, D Poon, R Williams, R Stocco, C Anastassopoulos, A Miller, JD Dales, R Brook, JR AF Wheeler, Amanda J. Xu, Xiaohong Kulka, Ryan You, Hongyu Wallace, Lance Mallach, Gary Van Ryswyk, Keith MacNeill, Morgan Kearney, Jill Rasmussen, Pat E. Dabek-Zlotorzynska, Ewa Wang, Daniel Poon, Raymond Williams, Ron Stocco, Corinne Anastassopoulos, Angelos Miller, J. David Dales, Robert Brook, Jeffrey R. TI Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study: Design and Methods Validation of Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Air Pollution Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; ELEMENTARY SCHOOLCHILDREN; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; MEASUREMENT ERROR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TIME-ACTIVITY; BALTIMORE; PARTICLES; AMBIENT AB The Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study evaluated the contribution of ambient air pollutants to personal and indoor exposures of adults and asthmatic children living in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In addition, the role of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution exposures upon asthmatic children's respiratory health was assessed. Several active and passive sampling methods were applied, or adapted, for personal, indoor, and outdoor residential monitoring of nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter (PM; PM <= 2.5 mu m [PM(2.5)] and <= 10 mu m [PM(10)] in aerodynamic diameter), elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, ozone, air exchange rates, allergens in settled dust, and particulate-associated metals. Participants completed five consecutive days of monitoring during the winter and summer of 2005 and 2006. During 2006, in addition to undertaking the air pollution measurements, asthmatic children completed respiratory health measurements (including peak flow meter tests and exhaled breath condensate) and tracked respiratory symptoms in a diary. Extensive quality assurance and quality control steps were implemented, including the collocation of instruments at the National Air Pollution Surveillance site operated by Environment Canada and at the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality site in Allen Park, Detroit, MI. During field sampling, duplicate and blank samples were also completed and these data are reported. In total, 50 adults and 51 asthmatic children were recruited to participate, resulting in 922 participant days of data. When comparing the methods used in the study with standard reference methods, field blanks were low and bias was acceptable, with most methods being within 20% of reference methods. Duplicates were typically within less than 10% of each other, indicating that study results can be used with confidence. This paper covers study design, recruitment, methodology, time activity diary, surveys, and quality assurance and control results for the different methods used. C1 [Wheeler, Amanda J.; Kulka, Ryan; You, Hongyu; Mallach, Gary; Van Ryswyk, Keith; MacNeill, Morgan; Kearney, Jill; Stocco, Corinne] Hlth Canada, Air Hlth Sci Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Rasmussen, Pat E.] Hlth Canada, Exposure & Biomonitoring Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Poon, Raymond] Hlth Canada, Hazard Identificat Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Dales, Robert] Hlth Canada, Populat Studies Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Xu, Xiaohong] Univ Windsor, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Dabek-Zlotorzynska, Ewa; Wang, Daniel] Environm Canada, Anal & Air Qual Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Brook, Jeffrey R.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Williams, Ron] US EPA, Exposure Measurements & Anal Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Anastassopoulos, Angelos] Carleton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Miller, J. David] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Wheeler, AJ (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Air Hlth Sci Div, 269 Laurier Ave W,3-080, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM amanda.wheeler@hc-sc.gc.ca RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; Rasmussen, Pat/R-8176-2016; OI Rasmussen, Pat/0000-0001-6748-4255; Wheeler, Amanda/0000-0001-9288-8163; Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU BAQS through Health Canada FX The participants and their families are gratefully thanked for their contributions to these 2 yr of data collection; without them, none of this research would have been possible. The careful field work undertaken by the numerous field technicians from Health Canada and the University of Windsor is appreciated. The authors would like to acknowledge contributions from Dr. Paul Villeneuve (Health Canada) for the power calculation; Alice Grgicak-Mannion (Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor) for the map of residential locations; Mark Davey (University of Washington), Steve Ferguson, and Dr. Mike Wolfson (Harvard School of Public Health) for their guidance on methods and laboratory analyses; Sandy Benetti of Environment Canada for her help in the initial coordination of the laboratory activities and sample analyses; Don Fugler of the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation and Dr. Russell Dietz of Brookhaven National Laboratory for their support with AER measurements; Environment Canada and MDEQ for permitting the authors to locate instruments at the College Road and Allen Park sites and access to their data for the method comparisons; and Dr. Markey Johnson and Dr. Scott Weichenthal from Health Canada for conducting the internal review. BAQS provided funding through Health Canada. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 41 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 324 EP 338 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.61.3.324 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734CE UT WOS:000288310000011 PM 21416760 ER PT J AU Wang, NCY Venkatapathy, R Bruce, RM Moudgal, C AF Wang, Nina Ching Yi Venkatapathy, Raghuraman Bruce, Robert Mark Moudgal, Chandrika TI Development of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict the carcinogenic potency of chemicals. II. Using oral slope factor as a measure of carcinogenic potency SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); Oral slope factor (OSF); Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models; Carcinogenic potency; Toxicity estimation; Quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) models ID MICROSOME ASSAY; 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE; DNA; MUTAGENICITY; BINDING; RAT; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; HEPATOCYTES; CONJUGATION; VALIDATION AB The overall risk associated with exposure to a chemical is determined by combining quantitative estimates of exposure to the chemical with their known health effects. For chemicals that cause carcinogenicity, oral slope factors (OSFs) and inhalation unit risks are used to quantitatively estimate the carcinogenic potency or the risk associated with exposure to the chemical by oral or inhalation route, respectively. Frequently, there is a lack of animal or human studies in the literature to determine OSFs. This study aims to circumvent this problem by developing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict the OSFs of chemicals. The OSFs of 70 chemicals based on male/female human, rat, and mouse bioassay data were obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database. A global QSAR model that considered all 70 chemicals as well as species and/or sex-specific QSARs were developed in this study. Study results indicate that the species and sex-specific QSARs (r(2) > 0.8, q(2) > 0.7) had a better predictive abilities than the global QSAR developed using data from all species and sexes (r(2) = 0.77, q(2) = 0.73). The QSARs developed in this study were externally validated, and demonstrated reasonable predictive abilities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Nina Ching Yi; Bruce, Robert Mark] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Venkatapathy, Raghuraman] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Moudgal, Chandrika] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Venkatapathy, R (reprint author), USEPA NRMRL, MS-419,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM raghuraman.venkatapathy@ptsied.com NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.019 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 736VQ UT WOS:000288523500002 PM 20951756 ER PT J AU Jones, EH Reynolds, DA Wood, AL Thomas, DG AF Jones, Edward H. Reynolds, David A. Wood, A. Lynn Thomas, David G. TI Use of Electrophoresis for Transporting Nano-Iron in Porous Media SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; NANOPARTICLES; AGGREGATION; SEDIMENTATION; REMEDIATION; DISPERSIONS; PARTICLES; SAND; SOIL; TCE AB Research has been conducted to evaluate if electrophoresis could transport surface stabilized nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) through fine grained sand with the intent of remediating a contaminant in situ. The experimental procedure involved determining the transport rates of polymer modified nZVI and hematite in fine grained sands under an applied electrical gradient under different physical and chemical conditions. Results indicated transport of polymer modified nZVI and hematite can be accomplished by electrophoresis, with rates found to be much higher than diffusion alone and comparable to those predicted by electrokinetic theory. This study indicates there is potential for this method to deliver polymer modified nZVI into contaminated zones within fine grained sands for the purpose of remediation. C1 [Jones, Edward H.; Wood, A. Lynn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Reynolds, David A.] Golder Associates, Perth, WA 6005, Australia. [Thomas, David G.] Chevron Energy Technol Pty Ltd, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. RP Jones, EH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Jones.Ed@epa.gov FU National Research Council; Australian Research Council [LP0776887]; Golder Associates Pty. Ltd. FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Centre, U.S. EPA, Ada, Oklahoma. Samples of nZVI were provided by W.-X. Zhang (Lehigh University), who conducted transmission electron microscopy and BET analysis. All laboratory sample analysis was undertaken by Shaw Environmental onsite. Additional funding was provided by the Australian Research Council through Linkage Grant LP0776887 and Golder Associates Pty. Ltd. The authors would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments during the review process. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 172 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00718.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 724NS UT WOS:000287584100012 PM 21449091 ER PT J AU Yao, HHC Archambeault, D Tomaszewski, J AF Yao, Humphrey H-C Archambeault, Denise Tomaszewski, Jessica TI TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS: FETAL ORIGINS OF ADULT REPRODUCTIVE DEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of Genes and Harmones - State-of-the-Art Reproductive and Sexual Development CY APR 02-05, 2011 CL Hyatt Regency Montreal, Montreal, CANADA HO Hyatt Regency Montreal C1 [Yao, Humphrey H-C; Tomaszewski, Jessica] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yao, Humphrey H-C] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 SU S BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724AZ UT WOS:000287549800024 ER PT J AU Melnyk, LJ Hieber, TE Turbeville, T Vonderheide, AP Morgan, JN AF Melnyk, Lisa Jo Hieber, Thomas E. Turbeville, Tracy Vonderheide, Anne P. Morgan, Jeffrey N. TI Influences on transfer of selected synthetic pyrethroids from treated Formica to foods SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dietary exposure; pyrethroids; children; intake; transfer efficiency; surfaces ID TRANSFER EFFICIENCIES; EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; SURFACES; CHILDREN AB Children's unstructured eating habits and activities may lead to excess dietary exposures not traditionally measured by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Influence of these activities on transfer of pesticides from treated Formica to foods was studied. The objective was to perform simulation experiments using four foods (bread, apple slices, bologna, and sugar cookies) exposed to treated Formica after varied time intervals between surface contamination and contact (1, 6, and 24 h) and frequency of contact with and without recontamination. Pesticides investigated included permethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin. Data will be used as input parameters for transfer efficiencies (TEs) within the Children's Dietary Intake Model (CDIM), which predicts total dietary exposure of a child. Pesticide transfer from surfaces to bologna and apples was more efficient than to bread and cookies. For the bread and cookies, all pyrethroids had a TE that ranged from below detectible levels to <= 4%. A combined average of 32-64% and 19-43% was transferred to bologna and apples, respectively, for the three contact times for all pyrethroids. The TEs of the varied time intervals indicated that increased time between contamination and contact showed little difference for bologna, bread, and cookies, but a significant difference for apples. As long as pesticide levels are measureable on surfaces in children's eating environment, it can be concluded that transfer of pesticides to foods will take place. Foods' characteristics had an important function in the transfer of pesticides when multiple contacts occurred. Regardless of recontamination, pesticides were efficiently transferred from the treated surface to bologna. The bologna did not reach a saturation point during the contacts. Pesticides were also efficiently transferred to apples, but reached a maximum TE during the second contact. The distribution of activity factors within CDIM needs to reflect the differences in the characteristics of the foods. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2011)21, 186-196; doi:10.1038/jes.2009.66; published online 23 December 2009 C1 [Melnyk, Lisa Jo; Vonderheide, Anne P.; Morgan, Jeffrey N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hieber, Thomas E.] Natl Council Aging, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Turbeville, Tracy] Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Melnyk, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM melnyk.lisa@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.66 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 730SN UT WOS:000288054700009 PM 20029459 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis of N-Doped Nano TiO(2) Using Guanidine Nitrate: An Excellent Visible Light Photocatalyst SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N-Doped TiO(2); Visible Light; Photocatalyst; Pollutant Degradation ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE FILMS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDES; DEGRADATION; IRRADIATION AB An excellent visible light active nitrogen-rich TiO(2) nanocatalyst has been synthesized by using guanidine nitrate as the nitrogen source. The catalytic efficiency of the catalyst has been demonstrated by the decomposition of the dye, methyl orange (MO), and the pollutant, 2,4 dichlorophenol (DCP), under common household lightbulbs as well as sunlight. The reactions proceed faster on exposure to solar light (less than 1 h for MO and 4 h for DCP) compared with the commercial light bulbs (3 h for MO and 6 h for DCP). The catalyst could be used up to five times without loss of activity and regenerated for further use just by washing and drying at 200 degrees C. C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W MLK Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2036 EP 2041 DI 10.1166/jnn.2011.3594 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 731JN UT WOS:000288102300029 PM 21449345 ER PT J AU Hill, BH Bolgrien, DW Herlihy, AT Jicha, TM Angradi, TR AF Hill, Brian H. Bolgrien, David W. Herlihy, Alan T. Jicha, Terri M. Angradi, Ted R. TI A Synoptic Survey of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Tributary Streams and Great Rivers of the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio River Basins SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Upper Mississippi; Missouri; Ohio River basins; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Nutrient flux; Nutrient yield; Snapshot methodology; Spatial analysis ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; US; EUTROPHICATION; NUTRIENTS; DELIVERY; SCIENCE; NITRATE AB We combined stream chemistry and hydrology data from surveys of 436 tributary stream sites and 447 great river sites in the Upper Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio River basins to provide a regional snapshot of baseflow total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and to investigate the relationships between land use and stream chemistry. Catchments in the Upper Mississippi River basin had more land in agricultural uses (51%) than the Missouri or Ohio River basin catchments (25% and 29%, respectively). The difference in agriculture is reflected in the TN concentrations in tributary streams and the great rivers: 5,431 and 2,112 mu g L(-1) for the Upper Mississippi, 1,751 and 978 mu g L(-1) for the Missouri, and 1,074 and 1,152 mu g L(-1) for the Ohio River basins. This agricultural effect was not as evident for tributary stream or great river TP concentrations: 165 and 181 mu g L(-1) in the Upper Mississippi, 177 and 171 mu g L(-1) in the Missouri, and 67 and 53 mu g L(-1) in the Ohio River basins. We set reference thresholds based on the 75th percentile TN and TP concentrations at our least disturbed sites. The TN threshold was exceeded for 50-63% of the tributary stream and 16-55% of great river lengths, with the greatest proportion in the Upper Mississippi River basin. The TP threshold was exceeded in 32-48% of tributary stream and 12-41% of great river lengths. Tributary stream N/P ranged from 67:1 (Ohio) to 210:1 (Upper Mississippi); river N/P ranged from 20:1 (Missouri) to 60:1 (Ohio). N/P indicated that potential N-limitation occurred in 10-21% of total tributary stream length and in 0-46% of great river length; potential P-limitation ranged from 60-83% of cumulative tributary stream length and from 21-98% of cumulative great river length. Total N flux (concentration x discharge) was highest in the Upper Mississippi River basin; TP flux was lowest in the Ohio River basin. River TN yields and TP yields for both tributary streams and great rivers, was not significantly different between the sub-basins. Our study empirically links catchment land use and stream chemistry, and demonstrates using monitoring data for estimating nutrient yields at a large regional scale. C1 [Hill, Brian H.; Bolgrien, David W.; Jicha, Terri M.; Angradi, Ted R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USEPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hill, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hill.brian@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 216 IS 1-4 BP 605 EP 619 DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0556-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 721CC UT WOS:000287328000046 ER PT J AU Li, MH Luo, YH Lin, CF Chang, YT Lu, SL Kuo, CF Hong, JS Lin, YS AF Li, Ming-Han Luo, Yueh-Hsia Lin, Chiou-Feng Chang, Yu-Tzu Lu, Shiou-Ling Kuo, Chih-Feng Hong, Jau-Shyong Lin, Yee-Shin TI Dextromethorphan Efficiently Increases Bactericidal Activity, Attenuates Inflammatory Responses, and Prevents Group A Streptococcal Sepsis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID INFECTED EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN-B; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MOUSE MODEL; PYOGENES; APOPTOSIS; ACTIVATION; PATHOGENS; DISEASE AB Group A streptococcus ( GAS) is an important human pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from mild throat and skin infections to severe invasive diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Dextromethorphan (DM), a dextrorotatory morphinan and a widely used antitussive drug, has recently been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of DM in GAS infection using an air pouch infection mouse model. Our results showed that DM treatment increased the survival rate of GAS-infected mice. Bacterial numbers in the air pouch were lower in mice treated with DM than in those infected with GAS alone. The bacterial elimination efficacy was associated with increased cell viability and bactericidal activity of air-pouch-infiltrating cells. Moreover, DM treatment prevented bacterial dissemination in the blood and reduced serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-1 beta and the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and RANTES. In addition, GAS-induced mouse liver injury was reduced by DM treatment. Taken together, DM can increase bacterial killing and reduce inflammatory responses to prevent sepsis in GAS infection. The consideration of DM as an adjunct treatment in combination with antibiotics against bacterial infection warrants further study. C1 [Li, Ming-Han; Luo, Yueh-Hsia; Lin, Chiou-Feng; Lu, Shiou-Ling; Lin, Yee-Shin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Lin, Chiou-Feng] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Clin Med, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Chang, Yu-Tzu] Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. [Lu, Shiou-Ling] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Basic Med Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Kuo, Chih-Feng] I Shou Univ, Dept Nursing, Kaohsiung Cty, Taiwan. [Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Toxicol & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lin, YS (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM yslin1@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan [NHRI-EX95-9429SP]; NIEHS, NIH FX This work was supported by grant NHRI-EX95-9429SP from the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS, NIH. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 967 EP 973 DI 10.1128/AAC.00950-10 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 726AD UT WOS:000287687100004 PM 21199930 ER PT J AU Lee, SD Ryan, SP Snyder, EG AF Lee, Sang Don Ryan, Shawn P. Snyder, Emily Gibb TI Development of an Aerosol Surface Inoculation Method for Bacillus Spores SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD; NONPOROUS SURFACES; ANTHRACIS SPORES; DECONTAMINATION; PARTICLES; RECOVERY; SUBTILIS AB A method was developed to deposit Bacillus subtilis spores via aerosolization onto various surface materials for biological agent decontamination and detection studies. This new method uses an apparatus coupled with a metered dose inhaler to reproducibly deposit spores onto various surfaces. A metered dose inhaler was loaded with Bacillus subtilis spores, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis. Five different material surfaces ( aluminum, galvanized steel, wood, carpet, and painted wallboard paper) were tested using this spore deposition method. This aerosolization method deposited spores at a concentration of more than 10(7) CFU per coupon (18-mm diameter) with less than a 50% coefficient of variation, showing that the aerosolization method developed in this study can deposit reproducible numbers of spores onto various surface coupons. Scanning electron microscopy was used to probe the spore deposition patterns on test coupons. The deposition patterns observed following aerosol impaction were compared to those of liquid inoculation. A physical difference in the spore deposition patterns was observed to result from the two different methods. The spore deposition method developed in this study will help prepare spore coupons via aerosolization fast and reproducibly for bench top decontamination and detection studies. C1 [Lee, Sang Don; Ryan, Shawn P.; Snyder, Emily Gibb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lee, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.sangdon@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under Arcadis GM [EP-C-04-023] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development completed the research described here under Arcadis G&M contract EP-C-04-023. It has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Homeland Security Research Center and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1638 EP 1645 DI 10.1128/AEM.02237-10 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100013 PM 21193670 ER PT J AU Pfaller, S AF Pfaller, Stacy TI What Is Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis? Reply SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; WATER; FARMS; BIRDS C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pfaller, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pfaller.stacy@epa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1923 EP 1924 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 726DX UT WOS:000287700100055 ER PT J AU Marfil-Vega, R Suidan, MT Mills, MA AF Marfil-Vega, Ruth Suidan, Makram T. Mills, Marc A. TI Assessment of the abiotic transformation of 17 beta-estradiol in the presence of vegetable matter SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Abiotic transformation; Adsorption; Wastewater ID MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; NATURAL ESTROGENS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; ACTIVATED CARBON; HORMONES; FATE; CONTAMINANTS; ADSORPTION; SORPTION AB A study using (17)beta-(14)C(4)-estradiol ((14)C-E2) was performed to confirm and characterize the catalytic transformation of estrogens in the presence of a model vegetable matter (namely rabbit food) as a surrogate material for vegetable wastes found in sewage. Results corroborated the occurrence of an abiotic transformation. Unknown transformation byproduct(s) accounted, respectively, for 38% and 9% of the initial radioactivity in liquid and extractable solid phases after 72 h; on the other hand, only 15% and 7% of this radioactivity corresponded to (14)C-E2 in those same matrices. Mass balance was closed including the radioactivity irreversibly bounded to the solid phase. Formation of (14)C(4)-estrone was monitored by Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry detection; negative results were found in all sampling events. This process could be harnessed to optimize sustainable technologies for the removal of phenolic microcontaminants from wastewater. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Suidan, Makram T.] Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr 701, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr 701, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1468 EP 1474 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.051 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730ST UT WOS:000288055300017 PM 21146191 ER PT J AU Reichman, JR Smith, BM Londo, JP Bollman, MA Auer, CA Watrud, LS AF Reichman, Jay R. Smith, Bonnie M. Londo, Jason P. Bollman, Michael A. Auer, Carol A. Watrud, Lidia S. TI Diallelic Nuclear Microsatellites for Diversity and Population Analyses of the Allotetraploid Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOLLAR-SPOT RESISTANCE; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; COLONIAL BENTGRASS; PALUSTRIS HUDS.; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; L.; HYBRIDS; OVEREXPRESSION AB Nine diallelic nuclear microsatellite loci were characterized and developed as markers for analyses of diversity and population biology in creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L. (2n = 4x = 28, A(2)A(2)A(3)A(3)). They may also help with identification of bentgrass germplasm resources. Polymorphic loci were isolated from genomic libraries from A. stolonifera and from A. transcaspica Litv. (2n = 2x = 14, putative A(3)A(3)). Markers were characterized in 87 A. stolonifera individuals from six distinct population sources. Analysis of molecular variance indicated significant variation between crop and wild groups. Highly significant variation was observed among and within the six populations. Bayesian analyses with STRUCTURE resolved crop from wild genotypes and assigned individuals to clusters that corresponded to their sources, in agreement with principal coordinates analysis results. The markers also correctly identified intraspecific creeping bentgrass F(1) hybrids. Cross-species analyses were conducted on sexually compatible relatives A. gigantea R. (2n = 6x = 42, A(1)A(1)A(2)A(2)A(3)A(3)), A. capillaris L. (2n = 4x = 28, A(1)A(1)A(2)A(2)), and A. canina L. (2n = 2x = 14, A(1)A(1) or possibly A(2)A(2)), plus A. transcaspica. Seven markers were diallelic in A. gigantea. Six of these markers were also diallelic in A. transcaspica, but not other species, suggesting that these loci are A(3) genome specific. Results also support the hypothesis that A. transcaspica is the source of the A(3) subgenome found in A. stolonifera and A. gigantea. C1 [Reichman, Jay R.; Smith, Bonnie M.; Bollman, Michael A.; Watrud, Lidia S.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Londo, Jason P.] CNR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Auer, Carol A.] Univ Connecticut, Dep Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Reichman, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM reichman.jay@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 747 EP 758 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.05.0266 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900038 ER PT J AU Sen, K Acosta, J Lye, DJ AF Sen, Keya Acosta, Jessica Lye, Dennis J. TI Effects of Prolonged Chlorine Exposures upon PCR Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER BIOFILMS; DISINFECTANTS; INACTIVATION; INOCULATION; SURVIVAL; SAMPLES; DAMAGE AB The effect of low doses of free chlorine on the detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cells by qPCR in tap water was monitored. Detection of sequences targeted to the ureA gene from preparations containing 107 cells/ml decreased about 2-4 logs by days 9 and 14, respectively. When duplicate suspensions of the 107 cells/ml were exposed to higher levels of chlorine, 0.2-2.2 mg/l, by day 9 and 14 there were 5 and 6 log decreases, respectively, in the detection of ureA gene. H. pylori target sequences (within suspended, intact cells at densities of 102-103 cells /ml) were rendered undetectable by qPCR analysis after 17 h of continuous exposure to low chlorine levels common to treated drinking water distribution systems. The persistence of DNA sequences within treated distribution systems detectable by qPCR may be as brief as 17 h especially for bacteria such as H. pylori which are known to occur in very low numbers within treated distribution systems. This study suggests that degradation of H. pylori DNA target sequences by chlorine levels commonly found within treated water distribution systems occurs within the average water retention times (2-3 days) commonly found in these systems. C1 [Lye, Dennis J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sen, Keya] US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Acosta, Jessica] Battelle Mem Inst, W Jefferson, OH 43119 USA. RP Lye, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, MS 314,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lye.dennis@epa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 3 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1007/s00284-010-9773-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 726VL UT WOS:000287754500005 PM 20957369 ER PT J AU Sahu, SK Yip, S Holland, DM AF Sahu, Sujit K. Yip, Stan Holland, David M. TI A fast Bayesian method for updating and forecasting hourly ozone levels SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; Eta-CMAQ model; Space-time forecasting; Hierarchical model; Separable models; Spatial interpolation AB A Bayesian hierarchical space-time model is proposed by combining information from real-time ambient AIRNow air monitoring data, and output from a computer simulation model known as the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (Eta-CMAQ) forecast model. A model validation analysis shows that the model predicted maps are more accurate than the maps based solely on the Eta-CMAQ forecast data for a 2 week test period. These out-of sample spatial predictions and temporal forecasts also outperform those from regression models with independent Gaussian errors. The method is fully Bayesian and is able to instantly update the map for the current hour (upon receiving monitor data for the current hour) and forecast the map for several hours ahead. In particular, the 8 h average map which is the average of the past 4 h, current hour and 3 h ahead is instantly obtained at the current hour. Based on our validation, the exact Bayesian method is preferable to more complex models in a real-time updating and forecasting environment. C1 [Sahu, Sujit K.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Yip, Stan] Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Holland, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sahu, SK (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM S.K.Sahu@soton.ac.uk; C.Y.Yip@exeter.ac.uk; Holland.David@epamail.epa.gov OI Yip, Stan/0000-0003-3370-6694 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 185 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10651-009-0127-y PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 728EH UT WOS:000287856600010 ER PT J AU Gibb, H Haver, C Gaylor, D Ramasamy, S Lee, JS Lobdell, D Wade, T Chen, C White, P Sams, R AF Gibb, Herman Haver, Cary Gaylor, David Ramasamy, Santhini Lee, Janice S. Lobdell, Danelle Wade, Timothy Chen, Chao White, Paul Sams, Reeder TI Utility of Recent Studies to Assess the National Research Council 2001 Estimates of Cancer Risk from Ingested Arsenic SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE arsenic; bladder; cancer; dose response; drinking water; lung; risk assessment ID ARTESIAN WELL WATER; DRINKING-WATER; BLADDER-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; ENDEMIC AREA; EXPOSURE; MORTALITY AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of recent epidemiologic literature on the National Research Council (NRC) assessment of the lung and bladder cancer risks from ingesting low concentrations (< 100 mu g/L) of arsenic-contaminated water. DATA SOURCES, EXTRACTION, AND SYNTHESIS: PubMed was searched for epidemiologic studies pertinent to the lung and bladder cancer risk estimates from low-dose arsenic exposure. Articles published from 2001, the date of the NRC assessment, through September 2010 were included. Fourteen epidemiologic studies on lung and bladder cancer risk were identified as potentially useful for the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Recent epidemiologic studies that have investigated the risk of lung and bladder cancer from low arsenic exposure are limited in their ability to detect the NRC estimates of excess risk because of sample size and less than lifetime exposure. Although the ecologic nature of the Taiwanese studies on which the NRC estimates are based present certain limitations, the data from these studies have particular strengths in that they describe lung and bladder cancer risks resulting from lifetime exposure in a large population and remain the best data on which to conduct quantitative risk assessment. Continued follow-up of a population in northeastern Taiwan, however, offers the best opportunity to improve the cancer risk assessment for arsenic in drinking water. Future studies of arsenic < 100 mu g/L in drinking water and lung and bladder cancer should consider adequacy of the sample size, the synergistic relationship of arsenic and smoking, duration of arsenic exposure, age when exposure began and ended, and histologic subtype. C1 [Gibb, Herman; Haver, Cary] Tetra Tech Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Gaylor, David] Gaylor & Associates LLC, Eureka Springs, AK USA. [Ramasamy, Santhini] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lee, Janice S.; Chen, Chao; White, Paul; Sams, Reeder] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lobdell, Danelle; Wade, Timothy] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gibb, H (reprint author), 2200 Wilson Blvd,Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM Herman.Gibb@tetratech.com FU National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This review was funded by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The information in this document has been subjected to review by the National Center for Environmental Assessment and the Office of Water, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 3 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002427 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 729CU UT WOS:000287926700014 PM 21030336 ER PT J AU Sedykh, A Zhu, H Tang, H Zhang, LY Richard, A Rusyn, I Tropsha, A AF Sedykh, Alexander Zhu, Hao Tang, Hao Zhang, Liying Richard, Ann Rusyn, Ivan Tropsha, Alexander TI Use of in Vitro HTS-Derived Concentration-Response Data as Biological Descriptors Improves the Accuracy of QSAR Models of in Vivo Toxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acute toxicity; animal testing; computational toxicology; quantitative high-throughput screening; QSAR ID K-NEAREST-NEIGHBOR; PREDICTION; TOXICOLOGY; SELECTION; VISION AB BACKGROUND: Quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assays are increasingly being used to inform chemical hazard identification. Hundreds of chemicals have been tested in dozens of cell lines across extensive concentration ranges by the National Toxicology Program in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to test a hypothesis that dose-response data points of the qHTS assays can serve as biological descriptors of assayed chemicals and, when combined with conventional chemical descriptors, improve the accuracy of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models applied to prediction of in vivo toxicity end points. METHODS: We obtained cell viability qHTS concentration-response data for 1,408 substances assayed in 13 cell lines from PubChem; for a subset of these compounds, rodent acute toxicity half-maximal lethal dose (LD(50)) data were also available. We used the k nearest neighbor classification and random forest QSAR methods to model LD(50) data using chemical descriptors either alone (conventional models) or combined with biological descriptors derived from the concentration-response qHTS data (hybrid models). Critical to our approach was the use of a novel noise-filtering algorithm to treat qHTS data. RESULTS: Both the external classification accuracy and coverage (i.e., fraction of compounds in the external set that fall within the applicability domain) of the hybrid QSAR models were superior to conventional models. CONCLUSIONS: Concentration-response qHTS data may serve as informative biological descriptors of molecules that, when combined with conventional chemical descriptors, may considerably improve the accuracy and utility of computational approaches for predicting in vivo animal toxicity end points. C1 [Rusyn, Ivan; Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sedykh, Alexander; Zhu, Hao; Tang, Hao; Zhang, Liying; Tropsha, Alexander] US EPA, Lab Mol Modeling, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tropsha, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 327 Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alex_tropsha@unc.edu RI Tang, Hao /J-5069-2013; Zhang, Liying/A-3163-2014; Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU National Institutes of Health [GM076059, GM066940, ES005948]; U.S. EPA [RD832720, RD833825]; Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing FX This work was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM076059, GM066940, and ES005948), the U.S. EPA (RD832720 and RD833825), and the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (2009-13). NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 32 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002476 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 729CU UT WOS:000287926700026 PM 20980217 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, GA Ames, D Bellocchi, G Bruen, M Crout, N Erechtchoukova, M Hildebrandt, A Hoffman, F Jackisch, C Khaiter, P Mannina, G Matsunaga, T Purucker, ST Rivington, M Samaniego, L AF Alexandrov, G. A. Ames, D. Bellocchi, G. Bruen, M. Crout, N. Erechtchoukova, M. Hildebrandt, A. Hoffman, F. Jackisch, C. Khaiter, P. Mannina, G. Matsunaga, T. Purucker, S. T. Rivington, M. Samaniego, L. TI Technical assessment and evaluation of environmental models and software: Letter to the Editor SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Model evaluation; Model credibility; Software verification; Environmental assessment ID 10 ITERATIVE STEPS; DECISION-SUPPORT; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; WATER-BALANCE; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION; QUANTIFICATION; SIMULATION; CRITERIA; SCIENCE AB This letter details the collective views of a number of independent researchers on the technical assessment and evaluation of environmental models and software. The purpose is to stimulate debate and initiate action that leads to an improved quality of model development and evaluation, so increasing the capacity for models to have positive outcomes from their use. As such, we emphasize the relationship between the model evaluation process and credibility with stakeholders (including funding agencies) with a view to ensure continued support for modelling efforts. Many journals, including EM&S, publish the results of environmental modelling studies and must judge the work and the submitted papers based solely on the material that the authors have chosen to present and on how they present it. There is considerable variation in how this is done with the consequent risk of considerable variation in the quality and usefulness of the resulting publication. Part of the problem is that the review process is reactive, responding to the submitted manuscript. In this letter, we attempt to be proactive and give guidelines for researchers, authors and reviewers as to what constitutes best practice in presenting environmental modelling results. This is a unique contribution to the organisation and practice of model-based research and the communication of its results that will benefit the entire environmental modelling community. For a start, our view is that the community of environmental modellers should have a common vision of minimum standards that an environmental model must meet. A common vision of what a good model should be is expressed in various guidelines on Good Modelling Practice. The guidelines prompt modellers to codify their practice and to be more rigorous in their model testing. Our statement within this letter deals with another aspect of the issue it prompts professional journals to codify the peer-review process. Introducing a more formalized approach to peer-review may discourage reviewers from accepting invitations to review given the additional time and labour requirements. The burden of proving model credibility is thus shifted to the authors. Here we discuss how to reduce this burden by selecting realistic evaluation criteria and conclude by advocating the use of standardized evaluation tools as this is a key issue that needs to be tackled. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alexandrov, G. A.; Matsunaga, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ames, D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Bellocchi, G.] French Natl Inst Agr Res, Grassland Ecosyst Res Unit, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Bruen, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Ctr Water Resources Res, Dublin, Ireland. [Crout, N.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Erechtchoukova, M.; Khaiter, P.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Hildebrandt, A.; Samaniego, L.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Hoffman, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jackisch, C.] Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Mannina, G.] Univ Palermo, Dept Hydraul Engn & Environm Applicat, I-90133 Palermo, Italy. [Purucker, S. T.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Rivington, M.] Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. RP Alexandrov, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM g.alexandrov@nies.go.jp RI Mannina, Giorgio/A-7172-2010; Alexandrov, Georgii/F-9410-2011; Hildebrandt, Anke/J-7062-2012; Samaniego, Luis/G-8651-2011; Crout, Neil /A-1369-2011; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; OI Mannina, Giorgio/0000-0002-5405-7147; Alexandrov, Georgii/0000-0002-2522-5690; Hildebrandt, Anke/0000-0001-8643-1634; Samaniego, Luis/0000-0002-8449-4428; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Ames, Daniel P./0000-0003-2606-2579; Bruen, Michael/0000-0002-5614-9432 NR 71 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.08.004 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707KH UT WOS:000286284700010 ER PT J AU Hecker, M Hollert, H Cooper, R Vinggaard, AM Akahori, Y Murphy, M Nellemann, C Higley, E Newsted, J Laskey, J Buckalew, A Grund, S Maletz, S Giesy, J Timm, G AF Hecker, Markus Hollert, Henner Cooper, Ralph Vinggaard, Anne Marie Akahori, Yumi Murphy, Margaret Nellemann, Christine Higley, Eric Newsted, John Laskey, John Buckalew, Angela Grund, Stefanie Maletz, Sibylle Giesy, John Timm, Gary TI The OECD validation program of the H295R steroidogenesis assay: Phase 3. Final inter-laboratory validation study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Estradiol; H295R; Hormone production; Transferability; Sex steroid; Steroidogenesis; Testosterone; Validation; OECD ID STEROID-BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; GUIDELINE NO. 407; MALE-RAT; HORMONE PRODUCTION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; PRE-VALIDATION; CYCLING RATS; BISPHENOL-A; TESTOSTERONE; ENDOCRINE AB In response to increasing concerns regarding the potential of chemicals to interact with the endocrine system of humans and wildlife, various national and international programs have been initiated with the aim to develop new guidelines for the screening and testing of these chemicals in vertebrates. Here, we report on the validation of an in vitro assay, the H295R steroidogenesis assay, to detect chemicals with the potential to inhibit or induce the production of the sex steroid hormones testosterone (T) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in preparation for the development of an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline. A previously optimized and pre-validated protocol was used to assess the potential of 28 chemicals of diverse structures and properties to validate the H295R steroidogenesis assay. These chemicals are comprised of known endocrine-active chemicals and "negative" chemicals that were not expected to have effects on the targeted endpoints, as well as a number of test chemicals with unknown modes of action at the level of the steroidogenic pathway. A total of seven laboratories from seven countries participated in this effort. In addition to effects on hormone production, confounding factors, such as cell viability and possible direct interference of test substances with antibody-based hormone detection assays, were assessed. Prior to and during the conduct of exposure experiments, each laboratory had to demonstrate that they were able to conduct the assay within the margin of predefined performance criteria. With a few exceptions, all laboratories met the key quality performance parameters, and only 2% and 7% of all experiments for T and E2, respectively, were excluded due to exceedance of these parameters. Of the 28 chemicals analyzed, 13 and 14 tested affected production of T and E2, respectively, while 11 and 8 did not result in significant effects on T and E2 production, respectively. Four and six chemicals produced ambiguous results for effects on T and E2 production, respectively. However, four of these cases each for T and E2 were associated with only one laboratory after a personnel change occurred. Significant interference of test chemicals with some of the antibody-based hormone detection systems occurred for four chemicals. Only one of these chemicals, however, significantly affected the ability of the detection system to categorize the chemical as affecting E2 or T production. With one exception, the H295R steroidogenesis assay protocol successfully identified the majority of chemicals with known and unknown modes of interaction as inducers or inhibitors of T and E2 production. Thus it can be considered a reliable screen for chemicals that can alter the production of sex steroid hormones. One of the remaining limitations associated with the H295R steroidogenesis assay protocol is the relatively small basal production of E2 and its effect on quantifying the decreased production of this hormone with regard to the identification of weak inhibitors. An initial comparison of the data produced in this study with those from in vivo studies from the literature demonstrated the potential of the H295R steroidogenesis assay to identify chemicals affecting hormone homeostasis in whole organisms. Particularly promising was the lack of any false negatives during the validation and the very low number of false positives (1 out of 28 chemicals for each T and E2). Based on the results obtained during this validation study and the accordingly revised test protocols, an OECD draft test guideline was developed and submitted to the OECD working group of the national coordinators of the test guidelines program (WNT) for comments in December 2009. C1 [Hecker, Markus; Higley, Eric; Giesy, John] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Hecker, Markus; Higley, Eric; Giesy, John] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Hecker, Markus] ENTRIX Inc, Sasaktoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Hollert, Henner; Maletz, Sibylle] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Environm Res, Dept Ecosyst Anal, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Cooper, Ralph; Buckalew, Angela] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, RTD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vinggaard, Anne Marie; Nellemann, Christine] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Dept Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Soborg, Denmark. [Akahori, Yumi] Chem Assessment Ctr, Chem Evaluat & Res Inst, Saitama, Japan. [Murphy, Margaret; Giesy, John] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Newsted, John] ENTRIX Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Laskey, John] Natl Caucus Black Aged, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Grund, Stefanie] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Zool, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Timm, Gary] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hecker, M (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. EM mhecker@entrix.com RI Hollert, Henner/A-1027-2009; OI Hollert, Henner/0000-0001-5776-5619; Vinggaard, Anne Marie/0000-0002-6822-3572 FU OECD VMG NA; OECD secretariat; US EPA; ORD Service Center/NHEERL [GS-10F-0041L]; Western Economic Diversification Canada [6971, 6807]; Nordic Chemical Group [2008-06-05] FX We thank the OECD VMG NA as well as the OECD secretariat for their support, encouragement, and guidance. Furthermore, we acknowledge many helpful discussions and manuscript review by Dr. Jerome Goldman, Endocrinology Branch, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. Funding for this project was provided by US EPA, ORD Service Center/NHEERL (contract # GS-10F-0041L), a grant from the Western Economic Diversification Canada (project #s 6971 and 6807), and the Nordic Chemical Group (project # 2008-06-05). Conclusions drawn in this manuscript neither constitute nor necessarily reflect US EPA policy regarding the test chemicals and methods. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s11356-010-0396-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723MN UT WOS:000287510800018 PM 20890769 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MC Campbell, DE Ho, KT Burgess, RM Audette, CT Detenbeck, NE AF Pelletier, Marguerite C. Campbell, Daniel E. Ho, Kay T. Burgess, Robert M. Audette, Charles T. Detenbeck, Naomi E. TI CAN SEDIMENT TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON AND GRAIN SIZE BE USED TO DIAGNOSE ORGANIC ENRICHMENT IN ESTUARIES? SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Total maximum daily load; Benthos; Sediment; Eutrophication; Organic carbon ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PREDICTING TOXICITY; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; NARRAGANSETT BAY; MARINE; EUTROPHICATION; QUALITY; STRESS; FUTURE; CONTAMINANTS AB Eutrophication (i.e., nutrient enrichment, organic enrichment, and oxygen depletion) is one of the most common sources of impairment in Clean Water Act 303(d)-listed waters in the United States. Although eutrophication can eventually cause adverse effects to the benthos, it may be difficult to diagnose. Sediment organic carbon (OC) content has been used as an indicator of enrichment in sediments, but the amount of surface area available for carbon adsorption must be considered. We investigated the utility of the relationship between OC and sediment grain size as an indicator Of eutrophication. Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program was used to test this relationship. However, anthropogenic contaminants are also capable of causing adverse effects to the benthos and often co-occur with elevated levels of OC. Contaminant analysis and toxicity tests were not consistently related to enrichment status as defined by relationship between total OC and grain size. Although variability in response occurred, reflecting the variance in the water column factors (dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and nutrients) and limited sample sizes, the data supported the hypothesis that sites designated as enriched were eutrophied. Dissolved oxygen levels were reduced at enriched sites, whereas chlorophyll a and nutrients were higher at enriched sites. This suggests that the relationship of OC to grain size can be used as a screening tool to diagnose eutrophication. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:538-547. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Campbell, Daniel E.; Ho, Kay T.; Burgess, Robert M.; Detenbeck, Naomi E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. [Audette, Charles T.] Raytheon, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Pelletier, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. EM pelletier.peg@epa.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 538 EP 547 DI 10.1002/etc.414 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 728UA UT WOS:000287898800003 PM 21298700 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Knapp, RA Sparling, DW Nash, MS Stanley, KA Tallent-Halsell, NG McConnell, LL Simonich, SM AF Bradford, David F. Knapp, Roland A. Sparling, Donald W. Nash, Maliha S. Stanley, Kerri A. Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. McConnell, Laura L. Simonich, Staci M. TI PESTICIDE DISTRIBUTIONS AND POPULATION DECLINES OF CALIFORNIA, USA, ALPINE FROGS, RANA MUSCOSA AND RANA SIERRAE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cholinesterase; Pseudacris sierra; Sediment; Sierra Nevada; Tadpole ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; NEVADA MOUNTAINS; MASS MORTALITY; NATIONAL-PARKS; HIGH-ELEVATION; MALATHION; TOXICITY; DISEASE AB Atmospherically deposited pesticides from the intensively cultivated Central Valley of California, USA, have been implicated as a cause for population declines of several amphibian species, with the strongest evidence for the frogs Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae at high elevation in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Previous studies on these species have relied on correlations between frog population status and either a metric for amount of upwind pesticide use or limited measurements of pesticide concentrations in the field. The present study tested the hypothesis that pesticide concentrations are negatively correlated with frog population status (i.e., fraction of suitable water bodies occupied within 2 km of a site) by measuring pesticide concentrations in multiple media twice at 28 sites at high elevation in the southern Sierra Nevada. Media represented were air, sediment, and Pseudacris sierra tadpoles. Total cholinesterase (ChE), which has been used as an indicator for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure, was also measured in P. sierra tadpoles. Results do not support the pesticide-site occupancy hypothesis. Among 46 pesticide compounds analyzed, nine were detected with >= 30% frequency, representing both historically and currently used pesticides. In stepwise regressions with a chemical metric and linear distance from the Central Valley as predictor variables, no negative association was found between frog population status and the concentration of any pesticide or tadpole ChE activity level. By contrast, frog population status showed a strong positive relationship with linear distance from the Valley, a pattern that is consistent with a general west-to-east spread across central California of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis observed by other researchers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011:30:682-691. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Bradford, David F.; Nash, Maliha S.; Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Knapp, Roland A.] Univ Calif, Mammoth Lakes, CA USA. [Stanley, Kerri A.; Simonich, Staci M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM bradford.david@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [DW14989008]; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES00210] FX We are very grateful to Joanna Christion and Amanda Marusich of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) for meticulously conducting much of the field sampling and to Harold Werner, Danny Boiano, and Annie Esperanza also of SEKI for facilitating the project in many ways. We also thank Hassan Basagic, Chad Cross, Rebecca Rising, Krystal Ward, Carrie Vernon, and other members of the SEKI helicopter crew for considerable help. We are also grateful to Carlos Davidson for discussing the project, Carlos Davidson and Vance Vredenburg for sharing data, and Deborah Chaloud for reviewing the manuscript. James Seiber, Thomas Cahill, Walter Jarman, and Lara Hansen kindly reviewed the research plan for the project. The research described herein was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) through Interagency Agreement DW14989008 with the National Park Service and by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant P30ES00210). The article has been approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 682 EP 691 DI 10.1002/etc.425 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 728UA UT WOS:000287898800020 PM 21298712 ER PT J AU Sung, WP Tsai, TT Wu, MJ Wang, HJ Surampalli, RY AF Sung, W. P. Tsai, T. T. Wu, M. J. Wang, H. J. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Removal of Indoor Airborne Bacteria by Nano-Ag/TiO2 as Photocatalyst: Feasibility Study in Museum and Nursing Institutions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Nano-Ag/TiO2; Indoor air quality; Photocatalyst; Air quality control equipment ID RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 PHOTOCATALYSIS; EFFICIENT PHOTODEGRADATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AIR PURIFICATION; DOPED TIO2; DISINFECTION; OXIDATION; MICROORGANISMS AB Deterioration of indoor air quality attributable to airborne bacterial consortia is a widespread environmental problem. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of applying the syngetic effect of nano-Ag/TiO2 as a photocatalyst and UV light to enhance the disinfecting capability of full-scale bacterial restraining equipment on-site in the National Museum of Natural Science and a medical-nursing institute. The influence of initial counts of total airborne bacteria and volume of space on the efficiency of bacterial restraining have been studied. In the case of museum application, a higher initial total bacterial count leads to better bacterial restraining rates; Site A (initial total bacterial counts = 506 CFU/m(3)) has the best bacterial restraining rate (92%) as compared with Site B (69%, initial total bacterial counts = 158 CFU/m(3)) and Site C (80%, initial total bacterial counts = 338 CFU/m(3)) after 24 h of operation. Higher initial counts of total airborne bacteria lead to an increasing bacterial restraining rate. Approximately 92% (Site A) and 74% of restrained bacterial rate were observed in a museum and nursing institutions, respectively, under the similar initial total airborne bacterial counts (506, 598 CFU/m(3)). The results illustrate that changes in the volume of space do not have significant inhibitory effects on the efficiency. The proposed equipment can disinfect air to restrain bacteria effectively, as demonstrated on-site in museums and nursing institutions; the results will be valuable references for designing a full-scale commercialized device for large-scale applications in the future. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000309. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sung, W. P.; Tsai, T. T.] Natl Chin Yi Univ Technol, Dept Landscape Architecture, Taichung, Taiwan. [Sung, W. P.; Tsai, T. T.] Natl Chin Yi Univ Technol, Integrated Res Ctr Green Living Technol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wu, M. J.] Chung Shan Med Univ, Taichung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wang, H. J.] Rong Sheng Engn Design Co Ltd, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wang, H. J.] Rong Chin Engn Consultants, Taichung, Taiwan. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Sung, WP (reprint author), Natl Chin Yi Univ Technol, Dept Landscape Architecture, Taichung, Taiwan. EM wps@ncut.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 98-3114-E-167-001] FX The National Science Council of Taiwan supported this research through Grant No. NSC 98-3114-E-167-001. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the writers and should not be construed as the opinions of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000309 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728PT UT WOS:000287886700001 ER PT J AU Pauer, JJ Anstead, AM Melendez, W Taunt, KW Kreis, RG AF Pauer, James J. Anstead, Amy M. Melendez, Wilson Taunt, Katherine W. Kreis, Russell G., Jr. TI Revisiting the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement phosphorus targets and predicting the trophic status of Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Great Lakes; Modeling; Phosphorus; Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ID EUTROPHICATION MODEL AB LM3-Eutro is a high-resolution eutrophication model with several improved features lacking in historical Great Lakes models. We calibrated LM3-Eutro using a 2-year (1994-1995) dataset and performed a hindcast simulation from 1976 to 1995 to evaluate the model's ability to make predictions over an extended period of time. Results show a reasonable agreement between model output and field data over this time period. The model predicted that an annual loading of 5600 metric tons (MT) would result in a lake-wide annual total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 7.5 mu g L(-1). Using best estimates of future TP loadings, LM3-Eutro forecasts suggest that lake Michigan will remain oligotrophic and will continue to meet the 7 mu g L(-1) spring TP concentration Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement objective. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pauer, James J.; Anstead, Amy M.] ICF Int, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Melendez, Wilson] CSC, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Taunt, Katherine W.] Welso Fed Serv, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Foreca, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Pauer, JJ (reprint author), ICF Int, Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM Pauer.james@epa.gov; Anstead.amy@epa.gov; Melendez.wilson@epa.gov; Kreis.russell@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Thanks to Kay Morrison for the preparation of figures and tables, Ronald Rossmann and Timothy Feist for critical reviews of the paper, and Debra Caudill for assistance with the document layout. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.11.020 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729KL UT WOS:000287948400004 ER PT J AU Houdeshel, CD Pomeroy, CA Hair, L Moeller, J AF Houdeshel, C. Dasch Pomeroy, Christine A. Hair, Lisa Moeller, Jeff TI Cost-Estimating Tools for Low-Impact Development Best Management Practices: Challenges, Limitations, and Implications SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Best Management Practice; Life cycles; Costs; Storm-water management; Sustainable development AB Tools were developed for estimating costs of vegetative roofs, rainwater catchment systems, and bioretention facilities. These tools provide a detailed framework to facilitate cost estimation for capital costs, operation and maintenance costs, and life-cycle net present value. The tools can provide users with planning-level cost estimates and serve as a format for cost-reporting for past, current, and future projects. Very little cost data was available in the public forum, and prolific inconsistencies of supporting details were found in the available cost data. To address this, design assumptions were established for each facility type and professionally prepared cost estimates based on these design assumptions were used. Electives in design, such as plant selection and media depth, also greatly affected costs. To make the user aware of these effects, the model separates each option into line items that can be elected or excluded as appropriate. To facilitate collecting future cost data, best management practice (BMP) designers and builders should use these tools to record actual costs and report them to a clearinghouse such as the BMP Database. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000179. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Houdeshel, C. Dasch; Pomeroy, Christine A.] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Hair, Lisa] Environm Protect Agcy, Off Water, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Moeller, Jeff] Water Environm Res Fdn, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Houdeshel, CD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 110 S Cent Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM d.houdeshel@utah.edu; Christine.Pomeroy@utah.edu; lisa.hair@epa.gov; jmoeller@werf.org NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 48 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3 SI SI BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000179 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 728OU UT WOS:000287884200009 ER PT J AU Stanek, LW Brown, JS Stanek, J Gift, J Costa, DL AF Stanek, Lindsay Wichers Brown, James S. Stanek, John Gift, Jeff Costa, Daniel L. TI Air Pollution Toxicology-A Brief Review of the Role of the Science in Shaping the Current Understanding of Air Pollution Health Risks SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE particulate matter; ozone; hazardous air pollutants; toxicity; historical perspective ID CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE; CARDIAC OXIDATIVE STRESS; LUNG-FUNCTION DECREMENTS; PULMONARY HOST DEFENSES; ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; LONG-TERM INHALATION; LEVEL OZONE EXPOSURE; RAT NASAL PASSAGES; OF-THE-LITERATURE AB Human and animal toxicology has had a profound impact on our historical and current understanding of air pollution health effects. Early animal toxicological studies of air pollution had distinctively military or workplace themes. With the discovery that ambient air pollution episodes led to excess illness and death, there became an emergence of toxicological studies that focused on industrial air pollution encountered by the general public. Not only did the pollutants investigated evolve from ambient mixtures to individual pollutants but also the endpoints and outcomes evaluated became more sophisticated, resulting in our present state of the science. Currently, a large toxicological database exists for the effects of particulate matter and ozone, and we provide a focused review of some of the major contributions to the biological understanding for these two "criteria" air pollutants. A limited discussion of the toxicological advancements in the scientific knowledge of two hazardous air pollutants, formaldehyde and phosgene, is also included. Moving forward, the future challenge of air pollution toxicology lies in the health assessment of complex mixtures and their interactions, given the projected impacts of climate change and altered emissions on ambient conditions. In the coming years, the toxicologist will need to be flexible and forward thinking in order to dissect the complexity of the biological system itself, as well as that of air pollution in all its varied forms. C1 [Stanek, Lindsay Wichers; Brown, James S.; Stanek, John; Gift, Jeff] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stanek, LW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stanek.lindsay@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX Although the research described in this article has been supported by the U.S. EPA, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 205 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 11 U2 56 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 120 SU 1 BP S8 EP S27 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq367 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 726TF UT WOS:000287748400002 PM 21147959 ER PT J AU Mazloum, N Stegman, MA Croteau, DL Van Houten, B Kwon, NS Ling, Y Dickinson, C Venugopal, A Towheed, MA Nathan, C AF Mazloum, Nayef Stegman, Melanie A. Croteau, Deborah L. Van Houten, Bennett Kwon, Nyoun Soo Ling, Yan Dickinson, Caitlyn Venugopal, Aditya Towheed, Mohammad Atif Nathan, Carl TI Identification of a Chemical That Inhibits the Mycobacterial UvrABC Complex in Nucleotide Excision Repair SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE RECOGNITION; NITRIC-OXIDE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; BRH2 PROTEIN; FPG PROTEIN; TUBERCULOSIS; SYSTEM; UVRB; GLYCOSYLASE AB Bacterial DNA can be damaged by reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (RNI and ROI) generated by host immunity, as well as by antibiotics that trigger bacterial production of ROI. Thus a pathogen's ability to repair its DNA may be important for persistent infection. A prominent role for nucleotide excision repair (NER) in disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was suggested by attenuation of uvrB-deficient Mtb in mice. However, it was unknown if Mtb's Uvr proteins could execute NER. Here we report that recombinant UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC from Mtb collectively bound and cleaved plasmid DNA exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or peroxynitrite. We used the DNA incision assay to test the mechanism of action of compounds identified in a high-throughput screen for their ability to delay recovery of M. smegmatis from UV irradiation. 2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylbenzo[f]chromen-3-one) (ATBC) but not several closely related compounds inhibited cleavage of damaged DNA by UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC without intercalating in DNA and impaired recovery of M. smegmatis from UV irradiation. ATBC did not affect bacterial growth in the absence of UV exposure, nor did it exacerbate the growth defect of UV-irradiated mycobacteria that lacked uvrB. Thus, ATBC appears to be a cell-penetrant, selective inhibitor of mycobacterial NER. Chemical inhibitors of NER may facilitate studies of the role of NER in prokaryotic pathobiology. C1 [Mazloum, Nayef; Stegman, Melanie A.; Kwon, Nyoun Soo; Ling, Yan; Dickinson, Caitlyn; Venugopal, Aditya; Nathan, Carl] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Croteau, Deborah L.; Van Houten, Bennett] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nathan, C (reprint author), Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM cnathan@med.cornell.edu OI Stegman, Melanie/0000-0003-1505-9497 FU NIH [AI064768, ES 019566]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH; William Randolph Hearst Foundation FX This work was supported by NIH Grant AI064768 (C.N.), the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH (B.V.H.), and NIH Grant ES 019566 (B.V.H.).; We thank W. K. Holloman (Weill Cornell Medical College) for advice; G. Lin, R. Bryk, and J. Roberts (Weill Cornell Medical College) for assistance; and the staff of the High Throughput Screening Resource Center (Rockefeller University). The Department of Microbiology and Immunology is supported by the William Randolph Hearst Foundation. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/bi101674c PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 725EE UT WOS:000287627200005 PM 21235228 ER PT J AU Smucker, NJ Vis, ML AF Smucker, Nathan J. Vis, Morgan L. TI Contributions of habitat sampling and alkalinity to diatom diversity and distributional patterns in streams: implications for conservation SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance distribution; Acidification; Algae; Biodiversity; Biogeography; Local regional; Periphyton; pH; Sampling method; Species area relationship (SAR) ID FRESH-WATER; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNITIES; ALGAE; BIODIVERSITY; RIVERS; HYPOTHESIS; ABUNDANCE AB Diatoms, microscopic unicellular algae, have been widely sampled from streams around the world because of their use in biological assessments, but as a result they are often only collected from epilithic habitats in riffles, which may lead to a substantial underreporting of their diversity and distributional patterns. The goals of this study were to identify how sampling methods and water chemistry affect the characterization of local and regional diversity and distributions. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and evenness were significantly greater in multiple habitat (MH) than epilithic habitat (EH) samples (paired t-test; P < 0.01). At the local scale, MH sampling yielded 76% of the total species collected (42% unique), EH sampling captured 58% (24% unique), and 34% were shared. From MH samples, 3, 28, and 60 regionally rare species were collected from > 75, > 50, and > 25% of sites, respectively, whereas 1, 14, and 34 were collected from EH samples, respectively. Regional abundance more strongly predicted site frequency than mean local abundance. Smaller drainage basins tended to have fewer species, likely because of species-area relationships, but local factors (% EH and alkalinity) influenced the taxonomic complexity of assemblages. Diversity was greatest at intermediate % EH, but low alkalinity reduced diversity, which is potentially important for ecosystems affected by anthropogenic acidification, as in our study. Multiple habitats need to be sampled for better documenting diatom diversity and distributions, which could improve conservation efforts at local and regional scales along with the characterization of ecological patterns and processes. C1 [Smucker, Nathan J.; Vis, Morgan L.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Smucker, NJ (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD, NHEERL, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ns218005@ohio.edu; vis-chia@ohio.edu FU USEPA Science [R831365]; Ohio University FX Funding was provided by a USEPA Science to Achieve Results grant (R831365) and an Ohio University Clippinger Fellowship. Emily Hollingsworth and Jason Zalack are thanked for sampling assistance. Dina Lopez and Prosper Gbolo analyzed water chemistry. Suggestions for manuscript improvement by Jared DeForest, Kelly Johnson, and Brian McCarthy are also appreciated. NR 80 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 643 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s10531-010-9972-0 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723JW UT WOS:000287503800012 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Sheldon, LS AF Pleil, Joachim D. Sheldon, Linda S. TI Adapting concepts from systems biology to develop systems exposure event networks for exposure science research SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Network diagram; biological parameter; protein adducts; cytokine response; variable clusters; mixed effects model; ADME ID CHILDRENS ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; OF-THE-ART; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; BIOMARKERS; DISEASE; CANCER; INFLAMMATION AB Systems exposure science has emerged from the traditional environmental exposure assessment framework and incorporates new concepts that link sources of human exposure to internal dose and metabolic processes. Because many human environmental studies are designed for retrospective exposure evaluations they often do not provide practical toxicological outcome parameters. Our goal was to examine concepts from systems biology research and adapt them to a network approach that maps forward to a perturbation event using two hypothetical examples. The article proposes that environmental exposure studies should not only retrospectively document exposure levels, but also measure biological parameters that can be used to inform relevant systemic changes. ozone). The combined effect of ozone and DEP exposure was less pronounced than exposure to either pollutant alone. Exposure to ozone or DEP for 2 days (acute) caused mild changes in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: In animals exposed to ozone or DEP alone for 16 weeks, we observed elevated biomarkers of vascular impairments in the aorta, with the loss of phospholipid fatty acids in myocardial mitochondria. We conclude that there is a possible role of oxidized lipids and protein through LOX-1 and/or RAGE signaling. C1 [Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Thomas, Ronald; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Gottipolu, Reddy R.; Jaskot, Richard H.; Mckee, John] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Shannahan, Jonathan H.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wallenborn, J. Grace] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lund, Amie K.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Div Toxicol, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Campen, Matthew J.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Butler, Elizabeth O.; Kotha, Sainath R.; Patel, Rishi B.; Parinandi, Narasimham L.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Davis Heart & Lung Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Richards, Judy E.; Andrews, Deborah] US EPA, Res Core Units, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM koda-vanti.urmila@epa.gov OI Kotha, Sainath/0000-0003-0238-9438 FU U.S. EPA/University of North Carolina [CT829471, CR833237]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award; U.S. EPA STAR Award [R83399001-0]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R00ES016586-02]; National Caucus & Center on Black Aged, Inc.; U.S. EPA FX This study was supported in part by U.S. EPA/University of North Carolina agreements CT829471 (J.G.W.) and CR833237 (J.H.S.); National Research Council Research Associateship Award, (R. R. G.); U.S. EPA STAR Award R83399001-0 (M.J.C.); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R00ES016586-02 (A. K. L.); and the Senior Environmental Employment (SEE) Program via cooperative agreement between the National Caucus & Center on Black Aged, Inc. and the U.S. EPA (R.T.). NR 42 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 119 IS 3 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002386 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 729CU UT WOS:000287926700018 PM 20980218 ER PT J AU Perez-Leighton, CE Schmidt, TM Abramowitz, J Birnbaumer, L Kofuji, P AF Perez-Leighton, Claudio E. Schmidt, Tiffany M. Abramowitz, Joel Birnbaumer, Lutz Kofuji, Paulo TI Intrinsic phototransduction persists in melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells lacking diacylglycerol-sensitive TRPC subunits SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE circadian entrainment; intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell; mouse; retina ID PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; SIGNALING PATHWAY; MOUSE RETINA; IN-VITRO; CHANNELS; PHOTORECEPTORS; DROSOPHILA; GENE; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; IDENTIFICATION AB In mammals, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate various non-image-forming photic responses, such as circadian photoentrainment, pupillary light reflex and pineal melatonin suppression. ipRGCs directly respond to environmental light by activation of the photopigment melanopsin followed by the opening of an unidentified cation-selective channel. Studies in heterologous expression systems and in the native retina have strongly implicated diacylglycerol-sensitive transient receptor potential channels containing TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPC7 subunits in melanopsin-evoked depolarization. Here we show that melanopsin-evoked electrical responses largely persist in ipRGCs recorded from early postnatal (P6-P8) and adult (P22-P50) mice lacking expression of functional TRPC3, TRPC6 or TRPC7 subunits. Multielectrode array (MEA) recordings performed at P6-P8 stages under conditions that prevent influences from rod/cone photoreceptors show comparable light sensitivity for the melanopsin-evoked responses in these mutant mouse lines in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice. Patch-clamp recordings from adult mouse ipRGCs lacking TRPC3 or TRPC7 subunits show intrinsic light-evoked responses equivalent to those recorded in WT mice. Persistence of intrinsic light-evoked responses was also noted in ipRGCs lacking TRPC6 subunits, although with significantly smaller magnitudes. These results demonstrate that the melanopsin-evoked depolarization in ipRGCs is not mediated by either TRPC3, TRPC6 or TRPC7 channel subunits alone. They also suggest that the melanopsin signaling pathway includes TRPC6-containing heteromeric channels in mature retinas. C1 [Perez-Leighton, Claudio E.; Schmidt, Tiffany M.; Kofuji, Paulo] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kofuji, P (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, 321 Church St SE,6-145 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kofuj001@umn.edu RI Schmidt, Tiffany/A-9660-2012; Schmidt, Tiffany /L-7598-2014; Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015; OI Schmidt, Tiffany/0000-0002-4791-6775; Schmidt, Tiffany /0000-0002-4791-6775; Kofuji, Paulo/0000-0002-4840-9986; Perez-Leighton, Claudio/0000-0003-1817-6314 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-101684]; NIH [R01EY012949, R21-EY018885, T32 EY0707133] FX This study was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-101684), and by grants NIH R01EY012949, R21-EY018885 and T32 EY0707133. We thank Darwin Hang for excellent technical assistance. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 BP 856 EP 867 DI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07583.x PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 727MN UT WOS:000287804500006 PM 21261756 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Barr, DB Koch, HM Bahadori, T AF Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Barr, Dana B. Koch, Holger M. Bahadori, Tina TI The Promise of Exposure Science SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Koch, Holger M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum IPA, Inst Prevent & Occupat Med, German Social Accid Insurance Inst, Bochum, Germany. [Bahadori, Tina] Amer Chem Council Long Range Res Initiat, Washington, DC USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Koch, Holger/B-3277-2011 OI Koch, Holger/0000-0002-8328-2837 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.55 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 730SN UT WOS:000288054700003 ER PT J AU Egeghy, PP Lorber, M AF Egeghy, Peter P. Lorber, Matthew TI An assessment of the exposure of Americans to perfluorooctane sulfonate: A comparison of estimated intake with values inferred from NHANES data SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human exposure assessment; perfluorinated compounds; pharmacokinetic modeling ID POLYFLUORINATED ALKYL SUBSTANCES; PERFLUORINATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOLS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; DRINKING-WATER; GREAT-LAKES; HUMAN BLOOD AB To better understand human exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a model that assesses exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its precursors from both an intake and a body burden perspective and combines the two with a simple pharmacokinetic (PK) model is demonstrated. Exposure pathways were modeled under "typical" and "contaminated" scenarios, for young children and adults. A range of intakes was also estimated from serum concentrations of PFOS reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) using a first-order 1-compartment PK model. Total PFOS intakes (medians summed over all pathways) were estimated as: 160 and 2200 ng/day for adults and 50 and 640 ng/day for children under typical and contaminated scenarios, respectively. Food ingestion appears to be the primary route of exposure in the general population. For children, the contribution from dust ingestion is nearly as great as from food ingestion. Pathway-specific contributions span several orders of magnitude and exhibit considerable overlap. PK modeling suggests central tendency PFOS intakes for adults range between 1.6 and 24.2 ng/kg-bw/day, and the forward-based intake estimates are within this range. The favorable comparison reported between the forward-modeled and the back-calculated range of intake predictions lends validity to the proposed framework. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2011) 21, 150-168; doi:10.1038/jes.2009.73; published online 10 February 2010 C1 [Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lorber, Matthew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Egeghy, PP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM egeghy.peter@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. Although it has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 104 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 150 EP 168 DI 10.1038/jes.2009.73 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 730SN UT WOS:000288054700007 PM 20145679 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Chen, AM Jones, RL Radcliffe, J Dietrich, KN Caldwell, KL Peddada, S Rogan, WJ AF Cao, Yang Chen, Aimin Jones, Robert L. Radcliffe, Jerilynn Dietrich, Kim N. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Peddada, Shyamal Rogan, Walter J. TI Efficacy of Succimer Chelation of Mercury at Background Exposures in Toddlers: A Randomized Trial SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PRENATAL METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; FISH CONSUMPTION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; THERAPY; LEAD; DMSA; DMPS; AGE; ACID AB Objective To examine whether succimer, a mercaptan compound known to reduce blood lead concentration in children, reduces blood mercury concentration. Study design We used samples from a randomized clinical trial of succimer chelation for lead-exposed children. We measured mercury levels in pre-treatment samples from 767 children. We also measured mercury levels in blood samples drawn 1 week after treatment began (n = 768) and in a 20% random sample of the children who received the maximum 3 courses of treatment (n = 67). A bootstrap-based isotonic regression method was used to compare the trend with time in the difference between the adjusted mean mercury concentrations in the succimer group and that in the placebo group. Results The adjusted mean organic mercury concentration in the succimer group relative to the placebo group fell from 99% at baseline to 82% after 3 courses of treatment (P for trend = .048), but this resulted from the prevention of the age-related increase in the succimer group. Conclusion Succimer chelation for low level organic mercury exposure in children has limited efficacy. (J Pediatr 2011;158:480-5). C1 [Cao, Yang; Rogan, Walter J.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cao, Yang] Second Mil Med Univ, Fac Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Stat, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Chen, Aimin; Dietrich, Kim N.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Jones, Robert L.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Radcliffe, Jerilynn] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Radcliffe, Jerilynn] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Peddada, Shyamal] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rogan, WJ (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rogan@niehs.nih.gov RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012; Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012; OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160; Cao, Yang/0000-0002-3552-9153 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities at the National Institutes of Health; Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control FX Supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Intramural Research Program, National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities at the National Institutes of Health, and Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control. Chemet and placebo were gifts from McNeil Labs, Fort Washington, PA. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP 480 EP U164 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.036 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 719TI UT WOS:000287231800029 PM 20889164 ER PT J AU Brook, RD Bard, RL Burnett, RT Shin, HH Vette, A Croghan, C Phillips, M Rodes, C Thornburg, J Williams, R AF Brook, Robert D. Bard, Robert L. Burnett, Richard T. Shin, Hwashin H. Vette, Alan Croghan, Carry Phillips, Michael Rodes, Charles Thornburg, Jonathan Williams, Ron TI Differences in blood pressure and vascular responses associated with ambient fine particulate matter exposures measured at the personal versus community level SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; INDOOR; OUTDOOR; PARTICLES; VARIABILITY; PROXIMITY; MEDIATORS; DISEASE; AEROSOL AB Background Higher ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels can be associated with increased blood pressure and vascular dysfunction. Objectives To determine the differential effects on blood pressure and vascular function of daily changes in community ambient-versus personal-level PM(2.5) measurements. Methods Cardiovascular outcomes included vascular tone and function and blood pressure measured in 65 non-smoking subjects. PM(2.5) exposure metrics included 24 h integrated personal- (by vest monitors) and community-based ambient levels measured for up to 5 consecutive days (357 observations). Associations between community-and personal-level PM(2.5) exposures with alterations in cardiovascular outcomes were assessed by linear mixed models. Results Mean daily personal and community measures of PM(2.5) were 21.9 +/- 24.8 and 15.4 +/- 7.5 mu g/m(3), respectively. Community PM(2.5) levels were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in total personal-level PM(2.5) exposure (TPE) was associated with systolic blood pressure elevation (+1.41 mm Hg; lag day 1, p < 0.001) and trends towards vasoconstriction in subsets of individuals (0.08 mm; lag day 2 among subjects with low secondhand smoke exposure, p = 0.07). TPE and secondhand smoke were associated with elevated systolic blood pressure on lag day 1. Flow-mediated dilatation was not associated with any exposure. Conclusions Exposure to higher personal-level PM(2.5) during routine daily activity measured with low-bias and minimally-confounded personal monitors was associated with modest increases in systolic blood pressure and trends towards arterial vasoconstriction. Comparable elevations in community PM(2.5) levels were not related to these outcomes, suggesting that specific components within personal and background ambient PM(2.5) may elicit differing cardiovascular responses. C1 [Brook, Robert D.; Bard, Robert L.] Univ Michigan, Div Cardiovasc Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Burnett, Richard T.; Shin, Hwashin H.] Hlth Canada, Biostat & Epidemiol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Vette, Alan; Croghan, Carry; Williams, Ron] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Phillips, Michael; Rodes, Charles; Thornburg, Jonathan] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Brook, RD (reprint author), 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr,POB 322, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. EM robdbrok@umich.edu RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 FU US EPA through Office of Research and Development (RTI International) [68-D-00-012]; US EPA through its Office of Research and Development (Battelle Columbus Laboratory) [68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065]; Electric Power Research Institute [EP-P15887/C7915]; National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR000042] FX The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and conducted the research under contract 68-D-00-012 (RTI International), EP-D-04-068 (Battelle Columbus Laboratory), 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 (Alion Science and Technology). It has not been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This study was also supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (contract EP-P15887/C7915) and by a National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center Grant (M01-RR000042). NR 38 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1136/oem.2009.053991 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 718PL UT WOS:000287137200011 PM 20935292 ER PT J AU Hannas, BR Furr, J Lambright, CS Wilson, VS Foster, PMD Gray, LE AF Hannas, Bethany R. Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy S. Wilson, Vickie S. Foster, Paul M. D. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Dipentyl Phthalate Dosing during Sexual Differentiation Disrupts Fetal Testis Function and Postnatal Development of the Male Sprague-Dawley Rat with Greater Relative Potency than Other Phthalates SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE antiandrogen; risk assessment; fetal male rat endocrine; dipentyl phthalate ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; NORMAL-PENTYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; BENZYL PHTHALATE; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS AB Phthalate esters (PEs) constitute a large class of plasticizer compounds that are widely used for many consumer product applications. Ten or more members of the PE class of compounds are known to induce male fetal endocrine toxicity and postnatal reproductive malformations by disrupting androgen production during the sexual differentiation period of development. An early study conducted in the rat pubertal model suggested that dipentyl phthalate (DPeP) may be a more potent testicular toxicant than some more extensively studied phthalates. Regulatory agencies require dose-response and potency data to facilitate risk assessment; however, very little data are currently available for DPeP. The goal of this study was to establish a more comprehensive data set for DPeP, focusing on dose-response and potency information for fetal and postnatal male reproductive endpoints. We dosed pregnant rats on gestational day (GD) 17 or GD 14-18 and subsequently evaluated fetal testicular testosterone (T) production on GD 17.5 and GD 18, respectively. We also dosed pregnant rats on GD 8-18 and evaluated early postnatal endpoints in male offspring. Comparison of these data to data previously obtained under similar conditions for di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate indicates that DPeP is approximately eightfold more potent in reducing fetal T production and two- to threefold more potent in inducing development of early postnatal male reproductive malformations. Additionally, fetal testicular T production was more sensitive to inhibitory effects of DPeP exposure than was gene expression of target genes involved in male reproductive development, supporting the use of this endpoint as a critical effect in the risk assessment process. C1 [Hannas, Bethany R.] US EPA, Natl Res Council Fellowship Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Furr, Johnathan; Lambright, Christy S.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foster, Paul M. D.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RW-75-92285501-1]; National Research Council at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX National Toxicology Program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cooperative Agreement (#RW-75-92285501-1); National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory to B.R.H.; The research described in this article has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and National Institutes of Health (NIH); however, the statements, opinions, or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 120 IS 1 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq386 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 726SZ UT WOS:000287747800017 PM 21177253 ER PT J AU Thomas, RS Clewell, HJ Allen, BC Wesselkamper, SC Wang, NCY Lambert, JC Hess-Wilson, JK Zhao, QJ Andersen, ME AF Thomas, Russell S. Clewell, Harvey J., III Allen, Bruce C. Wesselkamper, Scott C. Wang, Nina Ching Y. Lambert, Jason C. Hess-Wilson, Janet K. Zhao, Q. Jay Andersen, Melvin E. TI Application of Transcriptional Benchmark Dose Values in Quantitative Cancer and Noncancer Risk Assessment SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE genomics; transcriptomics; microarrays; risk assessment; cancer; noncancer ID EXPRESSION; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS; BIOASSAYS; EXPOSURE; ARRAYS; MICE AB The traditional approach for estimating noncancer and cancer reference values in quantitative chemical risk assessment is time and resource intensive. The extent and nature of the studies required under the traditional approach has limited the number of chemicals with published risk assessments. In this study, female mice were exposed for 13 weeks to multiple concentrations of five chemicals that were positive in a 2-year cancer bioassay. Traditional histological and organ weight changes were evaluated, and gene expression microarray analysis was performed on the target tissues. The histological, organ weight changes, and the original tumor incidences in the original cancer bioassay were analyzed using standard benchmark dose (BMD) methods to identify noncancer and cancer points of departure, respectively. The dose-related changes in gene expression were also analyzed using a BMD approach and the responses grouped based on cellular biological processes. A comparison of the transcriptional BMD values with those for the traditional noncancer and cancer apical endpoints showed a high degree of correlation for specific cellular biological processes. For chemicals with human exposure data, the transcriptional BMD values were also used to calculate a margin of exposure. The margins of exposure ranged from 1900 to 54,000. Both the correlation between the BMD values for the transcriptional and apical endpoints and the margin of exposure analysis suggest that transcriptional BMD values may be used as potential points of departure for noncancer and cancer risk assessment. C1 [Thomas, Russell S.; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Allen, Bruce C.] Bruce Allen Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Wesselkamper, Scott C.; Wang, Nina Ching Y.; Lambert, Jason C.; Hess-Wilson, Janet K.; Zhao, Q. Jay] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Thomas, RS (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rthomas@thehamner.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative FX American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 120 IS 1 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq355 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 726SZ UT WOS:000287747800018 PM 21097997 ER PT J AU Afshari, CA Hamadeh, HK Bushel, PR AF Afshari, Cynthia A. Hamadeh, Hisham K. Bushel, Pierre R. TI The Evolution of Bioinformatics in Toxicology: Advancing Toxicogenomics SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE toxicogenomics; informatics; genome; microarray; biomarker ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; INDUCED LIVER-INJURY; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; RAT-LIVER; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; CDNA MICROARRAYS; NATIONAL-CENTER; TIME-COURSE; TOXICITY; IDENTIFICATION AB As one reflects back through the past 50 years of scientific research, a significant accomplishment was the advance into the genomic era. Basic research scientists have uncovered the genetic code and the foundation of the most fundamental building blocks for the molecular activity that supports biological structure and function. Accompanying these structural and functional discoveries is the advance of techniques and technologies to probe molecular events, in time, across environmental and chemical exposures, within individuals, and across species. The field of toxicology has kept pace with advances in molecular study, and the past 50 years recognizes significant growth and explosive understanding of the impact of the compounds and environment to basic cellular and molecular machinery. The advancement of molecular techniques applied in a whole-genomic capacity to the study of toxicant effects, toxicogenomics, is no doubt a significant milestone for toxicological research. Toxicogenomics has also provided an avenue for advancing a joining of multidisciplinary sciences including engineering and informatics in traditional toxicological research. This review will cover the evolution of the field of toxicogenomics in the context of informatics integration its current promise, and limitations. C1 [Afshari, Cynthia A.; Hamadeh, Hisham K.] Amgen Inc, Dept Comparat Biol & Safety Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Afshari, CA (reprint author), Amgen Inc, Dept Comparat Biol & Safety Sci, 1 Amgen Ctr Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. EM cafshari@amgen.com FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES102345-04] FX Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES102345-04). NR 77 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 120 SU 1 BP S225 EP S237 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq373 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 726TF UT WOS:000287748400013 PM 21177775 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Mehaffey, MH Lopez, RD Bingner, RL Bruins, R Erickson, C Jackson, MA AF Yuan, Yongping Mehaffey, Megan H. Lopez, Ricardo D. Bingner, Ronald L. Bruins, Randy Erickson, Caroline Jackson, Michael A. TI AnnAGNPS Model Application for Nitrogen Loading Assessment for the Future Midwest Landscape Study SO WATER LA English DT Article DE Future Midwest Landscape study; AnnAGNPS; watershed modeling; runoff and nitrogen simulation ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT; SIMULATION; ACCURACY; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; AGNPS AB The Future Midwest Landscape (FML) project is part of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s new Ecosystem Services Research Program, undertaken to examine the variety of ways in which landscapes that include crop lands, conservation areas, wetlands, lakes, and streams affect human well-being. The goal of the FML project is to quantify current and future ecosystem services across the region and to examine changes expected to occur as a result of the growing demand for biofuels. This study is one of several pilots taking place under the umbrella of the FML research project. In this study, the USDA Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to the East Fork Kaskaskia River watershed (289.3 km(2)) located in the Kaskaskia River Basin within the Upper Mississippi River Basin in Illinois. The effect of different spatial resolutions on model performance was investigated by comparing the observed runoff with the AnnAGNPS simulated results. Alternative future scenarios such as meeting future biofuel target were also simulated and analyzed. All delineations of the study area (coarser to finer) produced satisfactory results in simulating monthly and annual runoff. However, the size of the delineation does impact the simulation results. Finer delineations better represented the actual landscape and captured small critical areas that would be homogenized in coarser delineation. Those small critical areas are important to target to achieve maximum environment benefit. Simulations of alternative future scenarios showed that as corn production increases to meet future biofuel needs, total nitrogen loss increases. For this watershed, total N loss would be more than doubled if converting all corn/soybean rotation (15,871.2 ha) to continuous corn comparing with the base year total N loss which is 11.2 kg/ha. Conservation practices are needed to reduce total nitrogen loss from the watershed. This study provides an important foundation for the larger FML region modeling effort by addressing challenging FML landscape modeling issues such as model selection, need for further model development, and spatial resolution. C1 [Yuan, Yongping; Mehaffey, Megan H.; Lopez, Ricardo D.; Erickson, Caroline; Jackson, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bingner, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc & Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bruins, Randy] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov; Mehaffey.megan@epa.gov; Lopez.ricardo@epa.gov; ron.bingner@ars.usda.gov; Bruins.randy@epa.gov; Erickson.caroline@epa.gov; Jackson.michael@epa.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 196 EP 216 DI 10.3390/w3010196 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 053ES UT WOS:000312254300011 ER PT J AU Subramanian, B Christou, SY Efstathiou, AM Namboodiri, V Dionysiou, DD AF Subramanian, B. Christou, S. Y. Efstathiou, A. M. Namboodiri, V. Dionysiou, D. D. TI Regeneration of three-way automobile catalysts using biodegradable metal chelating agent-S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (S, S-EDDS) SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Three-way catalysts; Biodegradable chelating agents; EDDS; Extraction; Catalyst regeneration ID HEAVY-METALS; OXYCHLORINATION TREATMENTS; IONIC LIQUIDS; TWC; DEACTIVATION; REACTIVATION; PLATINUM; GAS; PALLADIUM; BEHAVIOR AB Regeneration of the activity of three-way catalytic converters (TWCs) was tested for the first time using a biodegradable metal chelating agent (S. S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (S, S-EDDS). The efficiency of this novel environmentally friendly solvent in removing various contaminants such as P. Zn, Pb, Cu and S from commercial aged three-way catalysts, and improving their catalytic performance towards CO and NO pollutants removal has been investigated. Four samples of catalysts from the front and rear inlets of two different TWCs with different mileages and aged under completely different driving conditions were investigated. The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements (N-2 adsorption at 77 K). Quantitative ICP-MS analyses and SEM-EDS studies show the removal of Zn. P and Pb. SEM-EDS images obtained at low magnification (50 mu m) showed considerable differences in the surface morphology and composition after washing with S, S-EDDS. However, XRD studies indicated neither little to no removal of major contaminant compound phases nor major structural changes due to washing. Correspondingly, little or no enhancement in BET surface area was observed between the used and washed samples. Light-off curves show that the regeneration procedure employed can effectively improve the catalytic performance towards NO pollutant. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Subramanian, B.; Dionysiou, D. D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Christou, S. Y.; Efstathiou, A. M.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Chem, Heterogeneous Catalysis Lab, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Namboodiri, V.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Efstathiou, Angelos/0000-0001-8393-8800 FU Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation [TEXNO/0603/09, DIDAKTOR/DISEK/0308/33] FX Funding for this research was provided by Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through the projects TEXNO/0603/09 and DIDAKTOR/DISEK/0308/33. Thanks are due to Dr. Caroline Hubbard of the Ford Catalyst Research Institute, Dearborn, MI for providing the Ford catalyst samples. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 186 IS 2-3 BP 999 EP 1006 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.089 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 734OK UT WOS:000288344000005 PM 21177030 ER PT J AU Mitsova, D Shuster, W Wang, XH AF Mitsova, Diana Shuster, William Wang, Xinhao TI A cellular automata model of land cover change to integrate urban growth with open space conservation SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Cellular automata; Urban growth; Green infrastructure; Markov transition probabilities; Multi-criteria evaluation; Landscape metrics ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SAN-FRANCISCO; AREA; GIS; CONNECTIVITY; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPES; SIMULATION AB The preservation of riparian zones and other environmentally sensitive areas has long been recognized as one of the most cost-effective methods of managing stormwater and providing a broad range of ecosystem services. In this research, a cellular automata (CA)-Markov chain model of land cover change was developed to integrate protection of environmentally sensitive areas into urban growth projections at a regional scale. The baseline scenario is a continuation of the current trends and involves only limited constraints on development. The green infrastructure (Gl) conservation scenario incorporates an open space conservation network based on the functional boundaries of environmentally sensitive areas. It includes variable buffer widths for impaired streams (as identified on the USEPA 303d list for stream impairment). 100-year floodplain, wetlands, urban open space and steep slopes. Comparative analysis of each scenario with landscape metrics indicated that under the Gl conservation scenario, the number of urban patches decreased while the extent of interspersion of urban land with green infrastructure patches increased leading to improved connectivity among open space features. The analysis provides a quantitative illustration of how our process contributes towards achieving urban planning objectives while incorporating green infrastructure. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitsova, Diana] Florida Atlantic Univ, Sch Urban & Reg Planning, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. [Shuster, William] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Sustainable Environm Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wang, Xinhao] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Planning, DAAP 6210, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Mitsova, D (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Sch Urban & Reg Planning, 111 E Olas Blvd,HEC 1009J, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. EM dmitsova@fau.edu; shuster.william@epa.gov; xinhao.wang@uc.edu NR 48 TC 72 Z9 83 U1 7 U2 111 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.10.001 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 710UB UT WOS:000286541400009 ER PT J AU Kojima, H Sata, F Takeuchi, S Sueyoshi, T Nagai, T AF Kojima, Hiroyuki Sata, Fumihiro Takeuchi, Shinji Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Nagai, Tadanori TI Comparative study of human and mouse pregnane X receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using in vitro reporter gene assays SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pregnane X receptor; Pesticide; Human; Mouse; Reporter gene assay ID ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; XENOBIOTIC RECEPTOR; CYP3A4 GENE; MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; PXR; INDUCTION; ESTROGEN; METABOLISM AB The nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Recent studies have shown that PXR activation may affect energy metabolism as well as the endocrine and immune systems. In this study, we characterized and compared the agonistic activities of a variety of pesticides against human PXR (hPXR) and mouse PXR (mPXR). We tested the hPXR and mPXR agonistic activity of 200 pesticides (29 organochlorines, 11 diphenyl ethers, 56 organophosphorus pesticides, 12 pyrethroids, 22 carbamates, 12 acid amides, 7 triazines, 7 ureas, and 44 others) by reporter gene assays using COS-7 simian kidney cells. Of the 200 pesticides tested, 106 and 93 activated hPXR and mPXR, respectively, and a total of 111 had hPXR and/or mPXR agonistic activity with greater or lesser inter-species differences. Although all of the pyrethroids and most of the organochlorines and acid amides acted as PXR agonists, a wide range of pesticides with diverse structures also showed hPXR and/or mPXR agonistic activity. Among the 200 pesticides, pyributicarb, pretilachlor, piperophos and butamifos for hPXR, and phosalone, prochloraz, pendimethalin, and butamifos for mPXR, acted as particularly potent activators at low concentrations in the order of 10(-8)-10(-7) M. In addition, we found that several organophosphorus oxon- and pyributicarb oxon-metabolites decreased PXR activation potency compared to their parent compounds. These results suggest that a large number of structurally diverse pesticides and their metabolites possess PXR-mediated transcriptional activity, and their ability to do so varies in a species-dependent manner in humans and mice. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kojima, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Shinji; Nagai, Tadanori] Hokkaido Inst Publ Hlth, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. [Sata, Fumihiro] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Wako, Saitama 3510197, Japan. [Sueyoshi, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kojima, H (reprint author), Hokkaido Inst Publ Hlth, Kita Ku, Kita 19,Nishi 12, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. EM kojima@iph.pref.hokkaido.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [19590610, 20659104] FX This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (19590610) and Challenging Exploratory Research (20659104) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). NR 39 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 27 PY 2011 VL 280 IS 3 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2010.11.008 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 722MJ UT WOS:000287436100002 PM 21115097 ER PT J AU Hewitt, SC Korach, KS AF Hewitt, Sylvia C. Korach, Kenneth S. TI A Hand to Support the Implantation Window SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; MOUSE MODELS; RESPONSES; PROLIFERATION; ALPHA C1 [Hewitt, Sylvia C.; Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hewitt, SC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM korach@niehs.nih.gov OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES070065-35] NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6019 BP 863 EP 864 DI 10.1126/science.1202372 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 722SO UT WOS:000287455100032 PM 21330520 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Walker, JT Bash, JO Cady-Pereira, KE Henze, DK Luo, MZ Osterman, GB Shephard, MW AF Pinder, Robert W. Walker, John T. Bash, Jesse O. Cady-Pereira, Karen E. Henze, Daven K. Luo, Mingzhao Osterman, Gregory B. Shephard, Mark W. TI Quantifying spatial and seasonal variability in atmospheric ammonia with in situ and space-based observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; NITROGEN AB Ammonia plays an important role in many biogeochemical processes, yet atmospheric mixing ratios are not well known. Recently, methods have been developed for retrieving NH(3) from space-based observations, but they have not been compared to in situ measurements. We have conducted a field campaign combining co-located surface measurements and satellite special observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). Our study includes 25 surface monitoring sites spanning 350 km across eastern North Carolina, a region with large seasonal and spatial variability in NH3. From the TES spectra, we retrieve a NH3 representative volume mixing ratio (RVMR), and we restrict our analysis to times when the region of the atmosphere observed by TES is representative of the surface measurement. We find that the TES NH3 RVMR qualitatively captures the seasonal and spatial variability found in eastern North Carolina. Both surface measurements and TES NH3 show a strong correspondence with the number of livestock facilities within 10 km of the observation. Furthermore, we find that TES NH3 RVMR captures the month-to-month variability present in the surface observations. The high correspondence with in situ measurements and vast spatial coverage make TES NH3 RVMR a valuable tool for understanding regional and global NH3 fluxes. Citation: Pinder, R. W., J. T. Walker, J. O. Bash, K. E. Cady-Pereira, D. K. Henze, M. Luo, G. B. Osterman, and M. W. Shephard (2011), Quantifying spatial and seasonal variability in atmospheric ammonia with in situ and space-based observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04802, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046146. C1 [Pinder, Robert W.; Walker, John T.; Bash, Jesse O.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cady-Pereira, Karen E.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Luo, Mingzhao; Osterman, Gregory B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Shephard, Mark W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pinder.rob@epa.gov RI Henze, Daven/A-1920-2012; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 FU NASA [NNX10AG63G] FX We acknowledge Wayne Fowler and Alf Wall (EPA) for CAMNet field support and Wayne Robarge and Guillermo Ramirez (Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University) for CAMNet analytical support. Research at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was supported under contract to NASA project number NNX10AG63G. Although this paper has been reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA policies or views. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L04802 DI 10.1029/2010GL046146 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723QL UT WOS:000287521800002 ER PT J AU Mahon, AR Barnes, MA Senapati, S Feder, JL Darling, JA Chang, HC Lodge, DM AF Mahon, Andrew R. Barnes, Matthew A. Senapati, Satyajyoti Feder, Jeffrey L. Darling, John A. Chang, Hsueh-Chia Lodge, David M. TI Molecular Detection of Invasive Species in Heterogeneous Mixtures Using a Microfluidic Carbon Nanotube Platform SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN GREAT-LAKES; BALLAST-WATER; DNA; INVERTEBRATES; INTRODUCTIONS; SEDIMENTS AB Screening methods to prevent introductions of invasive species are critical for the protection of environmental and economic benefits provided by native species and uninvaded ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems worldwide remain vulnerable to damage from aquatic species introductions, particularly via ballast water discharge from ships. Because current ballast management practices are not completely effective, rapid and sensitive screening methods are needed for on-site testing of ships in transit. Here, we describe a detection technology based on a microfluidic chip containing DNA oligonucleotide functionalized carbon nanotubes. We demonstrate the efficacy of the chip using three ballast-transported species either established (Dreissena bugensis) or of potential threat (Eriocheir sinensis and Limnoperna fortuneii) to the Laurentian Great Lakes. With further refinement for on-board application, the technology could lead to real-time ballast water screening to improve ship-specific management and control decisions. C1 [Mahon, Andrew R.; Barnes, Matthew A.; Feder, Jeffrey L.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Aquat Conservat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Senapati, Satyajyoti; Chang, Hsueh-Chia] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mahon, AR (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Aquat Conservat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM amahon@nd.edu RI Chang, Hsueh-Chia/E-8048-2012; Barnes, Matthew/K-5113-2012 OI Barnes, Matthew/0000-0002-5550-8587 FU Great Lakes Protection Fund [867] FX This work was funded to DML, JLF and HCC through a grant from the Great Lakes Protection Fund (Proposal # 867). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e17280 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017280 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723CC UT WOS:000287482800044 PM 21364993 ER PT J AU Yu, SY Cui, KR Jothi, R Zhao, DM Jing, XF Zhao, K Xue, HH AF Yu, Shuyang Cui, Kairong Jothi, Raja Zhao, Dong-Mei Jing, Xuefang Zhao, Keji Xue, Hai-Hui TI GABP controls a critical transcription regulatory module that is essential for maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID STEM-CELLS; SELF-RENEWAL; BINDING-PROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; IN-VIVO; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; CHROMATIN OCCUPANCY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROGENITOR CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Maintaining a steady pool of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for sustained production of multiple blood lineages. Many transcription factors and molecules involved in chromatin and epigenetic modifications have been found to be critical for HSC self-renewal and differentiation; however, their interplay is less understood. The transcription factorGAbinding protein (GABP), consisting of DNA-binding subunit GABP alpha and transactivating subunit GABP beta, is essential for lymphopoiesis as shown in our previous studies. Here we demonstrate cell-intrinsic, absolute dependence on GABP alpha for maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Through genome-wide mapping of GABP alpha binding and transcriptomic analysis of GABP alpha-deficient HSCs, we identified Zfx and Etv6 transcription factors and prosurvival Bcl-2 family members including Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Mcl-1 as direct GABP target genes, underlying its pivotal role in HSC survival. GABP also directly regulates Foxo3 and Pten and hence sustains HSC quiescence. Furthermore, GABP activates transcription of DNA methyltransferases and histone acetylases including p300, contributing to regulation of HSC self-renewal and differentiation. These systematic analyses revealed a GABP-controlled gene regulatory module that programs multiple aspects of HSC biology. Our studies thus constitute a critical first step in decoding how transcription factors are orchestrated to regulate maintenance and multipotency of HSCs. (Blood. 2011; 117(7):2166-2178) C1 [Yu, Shuyang; Zhao, Dong-Mei; Jing, Xuefang; Xue, Hai-Hui] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Cui, Kairong; Zhao, Keji] NHLBI, Lab Mol Immunol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jothi, Raja] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zhao, Dong-Mei] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Xue, Hai-Hui] Univ Iowa, Interdisciplinary Immunol Grad Program, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Xue, HH (reprint author), 51 Newton Rd,BSB 3-710, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. EM hai-hui-xue@uiowa.edu RI cheng, yong/I-4270-2012; Jothi, Raja/G-3780-2015 FU NIH [AI042767, HL095540]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1ZIAES102625-01] FX This study is supported by NIH grants AI042767 and HL095540 (H-H.X.), the intramural research program of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH (K.Z.), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1ZIAES102625-01; R.J.). NR 54 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 17 PY 2011 VL 117 IS 7 BP 2166 EP 2178 DI 10.1182/blood-2010-09-306563 PG 13 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 722OB UT WOS:000287440900018 PM 21139080 ER PT J AU Clarisse, O Dimock, B Hintelmann, H Best, EPH AF Clarisse, Olivier Dimock, Brian Hintelmann, Holger Best, Elly P. H. TI Predicting Net Mercury Methylation in Sediments Using Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; TRACE-METALS; LAVACA BAY; DGT; METHYLMERCURY; FLUXES; SPECIATION; PROFILES; ISOTOPES; WATERS AB Diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) sediment probes for methylmercury (MMHG) were successfully deployed for up to 30 h in three mudflat sediments in San Francisco Bay for measuring labile fractions of dissolved MMHg in pore water. Our calculations show that the local DGT-induced depletion of MMHg in sediment pore waters should be fully compensated by the natural in situ MMHg production and its subsequent remobilization from the solid phase. DGT results were interpreted in terms of labile pore water concentration and provide MATHg concentration depth profiles with a centimeter resolution. Average concentrations of DGT-labile MMEg were 2.10 +/- 0.29 and 1.64 +/- 0.30 ng L(-1) at China Camp and Hamilton Army Airfield sediment pore waters, respectively, while the riverine location at Petaluma showed a distinct peak of 7.1 ng L(-1) near the sediment surface. Using isotope-enriched mercury species, high resolution depth profiles of MMHg net production rates ranging from 0.2 to 9.8 ng g(-1) d(-1) were obtained in parallel sediment cores sampled closely to DGT deployment sites. A positive, linear relationship between MATHg net production rates and labile MMHg concentrations acquired through DGT measurements was found and explained 79% of the variability in the data set. The latter illustrates that mercury methylation, a biogeochemical process, strongly affected the quantity of MMEg accumulated by the DGT device in the sediment and suggests that DGT measurements have the potential to predict net methylation rates. C1 [Clarisse, Olivier; Dimock, Brian; Hintelmann, Holger] Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Clarisse, Olivier] Univ Moncton, Dept Chim & Biochim Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. [Best, Elly P. H.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Best, Elly P. H.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Clarisse, O (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Chem, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM olivier.clarisse@umoncton.ca OI Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X FU Long Term Management Strategy FX This research was supported by the Long Term Management Strategy, administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) San Francisco District, awarded for the project 'Development of Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) Sentinels for Monitoring Methylmercury (MMHg) Production' to H.H. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1506 EP 1512 DI 10.1021/es102730n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718LI UT WOS:000287122400050 PM 21222459 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Trejo, RM Durnford, J AF Chuang, Jane C. Van Emon, Jeanette M. Trejo, Raquel M. Durnford, Joyce TI Biological monitoring of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid; Biomonitoring; Urinary biomarker; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES; EXPOSURE; IMMUNOASSAY AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was employed for determination of the pyrethroid biomarker, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in human urine samples. The optimized coating antigen concentration was 0.5 ng/mL with a dilution of 1:4000 for the 3-PBA antibody and 1:6000 for the enzyme conjugate. Urine samples were hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid; extracted with dichloromethane and solvent-exchanged into a methanol/buffer solution, prior to analysis in a 96-microwell plate immunoassay. Quantitative recoveries of 3-PBA were obtained for fortified urine samples by ELISA (92 +/- 18%) as well as by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (90 +/- 13%). The overall method precision of these samples was within +/- 20% for both the ELISA and GC/MS methods. Analytical results from over one hundred urine samples showed that the ELISA and GC/MS data were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. At the 10 ng/mL comparative concentration level, the false positive rate was 0% and the false negative rate was 0.8% for ELISA when using GC/MS as the reference method. The ELISA method has a suitable low detection limit for 3-PBA to assess pyrethroid exposures in non-occupational settings. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chuang, Jane C.; Trejo, Raquel M.; Durnford, Joyce] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM chuangj@battelle.org FU US Environmental Protection Agency [68-D-99-011, EP-D-04-068] FX This research was funded by US Environmental Protection Agency through Contract #68-D-99-011 and EP-D-04-068. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1323 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.07.077 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 718GW UT WOS:000287110100001 PM 21238715 ER PT J AU Mohler, JL Titus, MA Bai, SX Kennerley, BJ Lih, FB Tomer, KB Wilson, EM AF Mohler, James L. Titus, Mark A. Bai, Suxia Kennerley, Brian J. Lih, Fred B. Tomer, Kenneth B. Wilson, Elizabeth M. TI Activation of the Androgen Receptor by Intratumoral Bioconversion of Androstanediol to Dihydrotestosterone in Prostate Cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE 3-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; STEROID 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; INCREASED EXPRESSION; COREGULATOR MAGE-11; DEPRIVATION THERAPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LNCAP CELLS; IN-VIVO; TESTOSTERONE AB The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the growth of benign and malignant prostate in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, AR drives prostate cancer growth despite low circulating levels of testicular androgen and normal levels of adrenal androgen. In this report, we demonstrate the extent of AR transactivation in the presence of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (androstanediol) in prostate-derived cell lines parallels the bioconversion of androstanediol to DHT. AR transactivation in the presence of androstanediol in prostate cancer cell lines correlated mainly with mRNA and protein levels of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 6 (17 beta-HSD6), one of several enzymes required for the interconversion of androstanediol to DHT and the inactive metabolite androsterone. Levels of retinol dehydrogenase 5, and dehydrogenase/reductase short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member 9, which also convert androstanediol to DHT, were lower than 17 beta-HSD6 in prostate-derived cell lines and higher in the castration-recurrent human prostate cancer xenograft. Measurements of tissue androstanediol using mass spectrometry demonstrated androstanediol metabolism to DHT and androsterone. Administration of androstanediol dipropionate to castration-recurrent CWR22R tumor-bearing athymic castrated male mice produced a 28-fold increase in intratumoral DHT levels. AR transactivation in prostate cancer cells in the presence of androstanediol resulted from the cell-specific conversion of androstanediol to DHT, and androstanediol increased LAPC-4 cell growth. The ability to convert androstanediol to DHT provides a mechanism for optimal utilization of androgen precursors and catabolites for DHT synthesis. Cancer Res; 71(4); 1486-96. (c) 2011 AACR. C1 [Mohler, James L.; Bai, Suxia; Wilson, Elizabeth M.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mohler, James L.; Titus, Mark A.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Mohler, James L.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bai, Suxia; Kennerley, Brian J.; Wilson, Elizabeth M.] Univ N Carolina, Labs Reprod Biol, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wilson, Elizabeth M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lih, Fred B.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wilson, EM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, CB7500, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM emw@med.unc.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU National Cancer Institute Center [P01-CA77739]; Cancer Center [CA16156]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lineberger Cancer Center [CA34026]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD16910]; NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES5050167] FX National Cancer Institute Center grant P01-CA77739 (J.L. Mohler and E. M. Wilson) and Cancer Center Support Grant to Roswell Park Cancer Institute CA16156 (J.L. Mohler), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lineberger Cancer Center CA34026 (J.L. Mohler), and US Public Health Service grants HD16910 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (E.M. Wilson) and by the Intramural Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES5050167; K.B. Tomer). NR 55 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1486 EP 1496 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1343 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 721KP UT WOS:000287352600030 PM 21303972 ER PT J AU Lee, WH Wahman, DG Bishop, PL Pressman, JG AF Lee, Woo Hyoung Wahman, David G. Bishop, Paul L. Pressman, Jonathan G. TI Free Chlorine and Monochloramine Application to Nitrifying Biofilm: Comparison of Biofilm Penetration, Activity, and Viability SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; DISINFECTION; SYSTEMS; MICROELECTRODES; NITRIFICATION; INACTIVATION AB Biofilm in drinking water systems is undesirable. Free chlorine and monochloramine are commonly used as secondary drinking water disinfectants, but monochloramine is perceived to penetrate biofilm better than free chlorine. However, this hypothesis remains unconfirmed by direct biofilm monochloramine measurement. This study compared free chlorine and monochloramine biofilm penetration into an undefined mixed-culture nitrifying biofilm by use of microelectrodes and assessed the subsequent effect on biofilm activity and viability by use of dissolved oxygen (DO) microelectrodes and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with LIVE/DEAD BacLight. For equivalent chlorine concentrations, monochloramine initially penetrated biofilm 170 times faster than free chlorine, and even after subsequent application to a monochloramine penetrated biofilm, free chlorine penetration was limited. DO profiles paralleled monochloramine profiles, providing evidence that either the biofilm was inactivated with monochloramine's penetration or its persistence reduced available substrate (free ammonia). While this research clearly demonstrated monochloramine's greater penetration, this penetration did not necessarily translate to immediate viability loss. Even though free chlorine's penetration was limited compared to that of monochloramine, it more effectively (on a cell membrane integrity basis) inactivated microorganisms near the biofilm surface. Limited free chlorine penetration has implications when converting to free chlorine in full-scale chloraminated systems in response to nitrification episodes. C1 [Wahman, David G.; Pressman, Jonathan G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lee, Woo Hyoung; Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Pressman, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Pressman.Jonathan@epa.gov OI Wahman, David/0000-0002-0167-8468 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-05-056/WA 3-47] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described herein (Contract EP-C-05-056/WA 3-47). It has been reviewed and approved for publication. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1412 EP 1419 DI 10.1021/es1035305 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718LI UT WOS:000287122400038 PM 21226531 ER PT J AU Voorhees, AS Fann, N Fulcher, C Dolwick, P Hubbell, B Bierwagen, B Morefield, P AF Voorhees, A. Scott Fann, Neal Fulcher, Charles Dolwick, Patrick Hubbell, Bryan Bierwagen, Britta Morefield, Philip TI Climate Change-Related Temperature Impacts on Warm Season Heat Mortality: A Proof-of-Concept Methodology Using BenMAP SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; HEALTH BENEFITS; AIR-POLLUTION; US CITIES; CALIFORNIA; URBANIZATION; EXTREMES AB Climate change is anticipated to raise overall temperatures and is likely to increase heat-related human health morbidity and mortality risks. The objective of this work was to develop a proof-of-concept approach for estimating excess heat-related premature deaths in the continental United States resulting from potential changes in future temperature using the BenMAP model. In this approach we adapt the methods and tools that the US Environmental Protection Agency uses to assess air pollution health impacts by incorporating temperature modeling and heat mortality health impact functions. This new method demonstrates the ability to apply the existing temperature health literature to quantify prospective changes in climate-sensitive heat-related mortality. We compared estimates of future temperature with and without climate change and applied heat mortality health functions to estimate relative changes in heat-related premature mortality. Using the A1B emissions scenario, we applied the GISS-II global circulation model downscaled to 36-km using MM5 and formatted using the Meteorology Chemistry Interface Processor. For averaged temperatures derived from the 5 years 2048-2052 relative to 1999-2003 we estimated for the warm season May September a national U.S. estimate of annual incidence of heat-related mortality to be 3700-3800 from all causes, 3500 from cardiovascular disease, and 21 000-27 000 from nonaccidental death, applying various health impact functions. Our estimates of mortality, produced to validate the application of a new methodology, suggest the importance of quantifying heat impacts in economic assessments of climate change. C1 [Voorhees, A. Scott; Fann, Neal; Fulcher, Charles; Dolwick, Patrick; Hubbell, Bryan; Bierwagen, Britta; Morefield, Philip] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Voorhees, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Code C504-04 4930 Page Rd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM voorhees.scott@epa.gov OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1450 EP 1457 DI 10.1021/es102820y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718LI UT WOS:000287122400043 PM 21247099 ER PT J AU Joubert, BR Reif, DM Edwards, SW Leiner, KA Hudgens, EE Egeghy, P Gallagher, JE Hubal, EC AF Joubert, Bonnie R. Reif, David M. Edwards, Stephen W. Leiner, Kevin A. Hudgens, Edward E. Egeghy, Peter Gallagher, Jane E. Hubal, Elaine Cohen TI Evaluation of genetic susceptibility to childhood allergy and asthma in an African American urban population SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EPSILON-RI-BETA; ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SERUM IGE LEVELS; ADAM33 GENE; BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; INDIAN POPULATION; LINKAGE ANALYSES AB Background: Asthma and allergy represent complex phenotypes, which disproportionately burden ethnic minorities in the United States. Strong evidence for genomic factors predisposing subjects to asthma/allergy is available. However, methods to utilize this information to identify high risk groups are variable and replication of genetic associations in African Americans is warranted. Methods: We evaluated 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and a deletion corresponding to 11 genes demonstrating association with asthma in the literature, for association with asthma, atopy, testing positive for food allergens, eosinophilia, and total serum IgE among 141 African American children living in Detroit, Michigan. Independent SNP and haplotype associations were investigated for association with each trait, and subsequently assessed in concert using a genetic risk score (GRS). Results: Statistically significant associations with asthma were observed for SNPs in GSTM1, MS4A2, and GSTP1 genes, after correction for multiple testing. Chromosome 11 haplotype CTACGAGGCC (corresponding to MS4A2 rs574700, rs1441586, rs556917, rs502581, rs502419 and GSTP1 rs6591256, rs17593068, rs1695, rs1871042, rs947895) was associated with a nearly five-fold increase in the odds of asthma (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.8, p = 0.007). The GRS was significantly associated with a higher odds of asthma (OR = 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.21, 2.13; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Variation in genes associated with asthma in predominantly non-African ethnic groups contributed to increased odds of asthma in this African American study population. Evaluating all significant variants in concert helped to identify the highest risk subset of this group. C1 [Joubert, Bonnie R.; Egeghy, Peter] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Reif, David M.; Hubal, Elaine Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Durham, NC USA. [Edwards, Stephen W.; Hudgens, Edward E.; Gallagher, Jane E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Leiner, Kevin A.] Integrated Syst Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Joubert, Bonnie R.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Joubert, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. EM brjoubert@gmail.com OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2350 J9 BMC MED GENET JI BMC Med. Genet. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 12 DI 10.1186/1471-2350-12-25 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 730KP UT WOS:000288032500002 PM 21320344 ER PT J AU Shah, I Houck, K Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Martin, MT Reif, DM Wambaugh, J Dix, DJ AF Shah, Imran Houck, Keith Judson, Richard S. Kavlock, Robert J. Martin, Matthew T. Reif, David M. Wambaugh, John Dix, David J. TI Using Nuclear Receptor Activity to Stratify Hepatocarcinogens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANE-X RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; THROUGHPUT SCREENING ASSAYS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; AGONISTIC ACTIVITY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CELL-LINE; INDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Background: Nuclear receptors (NR) are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that control a range of cellular processes. Persistent stimulation of some NR is a non-genotoxic mechanism of rodent liver cancer with unclear relevance to humans. Here we report on a systematic analysis of new in vitro human NR activity data on 309 environmental chemicals in relationship to their liver cancer-related chronic outcomes in rodents. Results: The effects of 309 environmental chemicals on human constitutive androstane receptors (CAR/NR1I3), pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR/NR1C), liver X receptors (LXR/NR1H), retinoic X receptors (RXR/NR2B) and steroid receptors (SR/NR3) were determined using in vitro data. Hepatic histopathology, observed in rodents after two years of chronic treatment for 171 of the 309 chemicals, was summarized by a cancer lesion progression grade. Chemicals that caused proliferative liver lesions in both rat and mouse were generally more active for the human receptors, relative to the compounds that only affected one rodent species, and these changes were significant for PPAR (p < 0.001), PXR (p < 0.01) and CAR (p < 0.05). Though most chemicals exhibited receptor promiscuity, multivariate analysis clustered them into relatively few NR activity combinations. The human NR activity pattern of chemicals weakly associated with the severity of rodent liver cancer lesion progression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The rodent carcinogens had higher in vitro potency for human NR relative to non-carcinogens. Structurally diverse chemicals with similar NR promiscuity patterns weakly associated with the severity of rodent liver cancer progression. While these results do not prove the role of NR activation in human liver cancer, they do have implications for nuclear receptor chemical biology and provide insights into putative toxicity pathways. More importantly, these findings suggest the utility of in vitro assays for stratifying environmental contaminants based on a combination of human bioactivity and rodent toxicity. C1 [Shah, Imran; Houck, Keith; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Martin, Matthew T.; Reif, David M.; Wambaugh, John; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shah, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shah.imran@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013 OI Wambaugh, John/0000-0002-4024-534X; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767; Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e14584 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014584 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 721PR UT WOS:000287367600001 PM 21339822 ER PT J AU Price, K Jackson, CR Parker, AJ Reitan, T Dowd, J Cyterski, M AF Price, Katie Jackson, C. Rhett Parker, Albert J. Reitan, Trond Dowd, John Cyterski, Mike TI Effects of watershed land use and geomorphology on stream low flows during severe drought conditions in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, Georgia and North Carolina, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE RATING CURVES; BAYESIAN METHODS; BASE-FLOW; PRECIPITATION; RIVER; IMPACTS; COVER; YIELD; SCALE; TOPOGRAPHY AB Land use and physiographic variability influence stream low flows, yet their interactions and relative influence remain unresolved. Our objective was to assess the influence of land use and watershed geomorphic characteristics on low-flow variability in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina and Georgia. Ten minute interval discharge data for 35 streams (in watersheds from 3 to 146 km(2)) were measured for two late summer low-flow seasons, coinciding with a severe drought period in the southeastern United States. Three low-flow metrics were calculated (1 and 7 day minimum flows and 1st percentile flow) for each low-flow season (5 August to 12 November 2007 and 1 August to 12 November 2008). A comprehensive suite of watershed characteristics, including factors of topography, channel network morphometry, soils, land use, and precipitation were used in multiple regression analysis of low-flow variability among the 35 watersheds. Additionally, low flows in groups of lower-and higher-forest cover watersheds were compared. Drainage density, areal coverage of colluvium, topographic variability (as slope standard deviation), and percent of the channel network as first order stream emerged as the most important variables for explaining low-flow variability. Watershed forest cover demonstrated a consistent, significant positive relationship with low flows, despite the higher evapotranspiration rates associated with forest compared with other land covers and despite the relatively small range of disturbance in this study area. This highlights the importance of infiltration and recharge under undisturbed land cover in sustaining low flows, and it bears noteworthy implications for environmental flows and water resource sustainability. C1 [Price, Katie; Cyterski, Mike] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Dowd, John] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Parker, Albert J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Reitan, Trond] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Price, K (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM price.katie@epa.gov OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556; Reitan, Trond/0000-0003-0793-8731 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [F6C20808]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [BCS-0702857]; University of Georgia (UGA) Research Foundation; University of Georgia Women's Club; NSF [DEB-0218001] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) fellowship F6C20808, National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement award BCS-0702857, the University of Georgia (UGA) Research Foundation, and the University of Georgia Women's Club. Additional support was generously provided by the Coweeta LTER (NSF cooperative agreement DEB-0218001), for which the authors would especially like to thank Ted Gragson. Field assistance was provided by Todd Headley, Clint Collins, Julia Ruth, Shelley Robertson, Raina Sheridan, Jim Kitchner, Gregoryian Willocks, Jason Love, Jason Meador, Jake McDonald, Amber Ignatius, and Ryan Ignatius. Feedback on drafts of this manuscript was provided by Larry Band, Todd Rasmussen, George Brook, Marguerite Madden, David Leigh, Heather Golden, and three anonymous reviewers. Other valuable advice and assistance was provided by Tom Mote, Tommy Jordan, and Mu Lan. The authors express tremendous gratitude to the North Carolina Department of Transportation, the U. S. Forest Service, and numerous private landowners who allowed access and disturbance to their property for the purposes of this study. The U. S. Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Coweeta LTER provided a portion of the streamflow and climate data used in this research. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 109 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W02516 DI 10.1029/2010WR009340 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 721BS UT WOS:000287327000001 ER PT J AU Smyth, JT Wu, SL Putney, JW AF Smyth, Jeremy T. Wu, Shilan Putney, James W. TI Definition of STIM1 Phosphorylation Sites that Contribute to Suppression of Store-Operated Calcium Entry During Mitosis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 05-09, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 [Smyth, Jeremy T.; Wu, Shilan; Putney, James W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 SU 1 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 972PF UT WOS:000306288601372 ER PT J AU Spalding, C Hsu, S Patel, MM Moors, KM Chillrud, S Jusino, CM Shepard, PM Miller, RL AF Spalding, C. Hsu, S. Patel, M. M. Moors, K. M. Chillrud, S. Jusino, C. M. Shepard, P. M. Miller, R. L. TI The Effect of Wind Direction and Speed on Black Carbon Concentrations in Northern Manhattan and the Bronx SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Spalding, C.; Hsu, S.; Moors, K. M.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, New York, NY USA. [Patel, M. M.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Chillrud, S.] Columbia Presbyterian, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Jusino, C. M.] WE ACT Environm Justice, Bronx, NY USA. [Miller, R. L.] Columbia Univ, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med,Coll Phys & Surg,Dept Pediat, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth,Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB96 EP AB96 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.387 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400370 ER PT J AU Karunanithi, AT Garmestani, AS Eason, T Cabezas, H AF Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Eason, Tarsha Cabezas, Heriberto TI The characterization of socio-political instability, development and sustainability with Fisher information SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Socio-political instability; Upheavals; Fisher information; Sustainability; Development ID ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE; POLITICAL INSTABILITY; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; DEFORESTATION; TRANSITION; QUALITY; INSTITUTIONS; MIGRATION; COUNTRIES; SCIENCE AB In an effort to evaluate socio-political instability, we studied the relationship between dynamic order, socio-political upheavals and sustainability in nation states. Estimating the degree of dynamic order inherent in the socio-political regime of various countries throughout the world involved applying Fisher information theory to data from the Political Instability Task Force database. Fisher information is a key method in information theory and affords the ability to characterize the structure and dynamics of complex systems. The results of this work demonstrate that nation states bifurcate into two distinct regimes, which exhibit a negative correlation between dynamic order, as determined by Fisher information, and the prevalence of upheavals. Countries in the High Incidence of Upheavals regime with low dynamic order (i.e., low Fisher information) experienced sixteen times more upheavals than the countries in the Low Incidence of Upheavals regime with high dynamic order (i.e. high Fisher information). Most importantly, our analysis demonstrates that newly industrializing countries suffer from the most instability, which is manifested in low dynamic order thereby resulting in a high number of upheavals. These results suggest that developing countries endure a period of socio-political instability on their path to the developed world. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Eason, Tarsha; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM arunprakash.karunanithi@ucdenver.edu; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; eason.tarsha@epa.gov; cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.11.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 806ME UT WOS:000293811200010 ER PT J AU Engle, VD AF Engle, Virginia D. TI Estimating the Provision of Ecosystem Services by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE Carbon sequestration; Nitrogen removal; Shrimp fishery; Storm surge protection ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER WATER; BROWN SHRIMP; WASTE-WATER; GALVESTON BAY; SALT MARSHES; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ECONOMIC VALUATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands contribute to human well-being by providing many ecosystem services. The GOM region continues to experience substantial losses of coastal wetlands, but the magnitude of reduction in ecosystem services resulting from the loss of GOM coastal wetlands is unknown. To gain an appreciation of the impact of GOM coastal wetland loss on ecosystem services, recent literature was reviewed to derive quantitative estimates of ecosystem services provided by GOM coastal wetlands. GOM coastal wetlands provide essential habitat for the production of juvenile shrimp, which supports the GOM's most valuable commercial fishery; protect coastal communities from storm surge; improve water quality by removing nitrogen from surface waters; and are valuable sinks for greenhouse gases due to high rates of carbon sequestration combined with low rates of methane emission. Using 1998 to 2004 as a baseline, the potential loss of ecosystem services associated with loss of coastal wetlands is presented. Additional research is needed to quantify wetland services at multiple geospatial and socioeconomic scales, to determine the effect of wetland loss on ecosystem services, and to demonstrate the impact of future management decisions on the capacity of GOM coastal wetlands to provide services that affect human well-being. C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Engle, VD (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM engle.virginia@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX I would like to recognize the contributions of the Wetlands Team of EPA's Ecosystem Services Research Program (ESRP) to this paper. The ESRP Wetlands Team strives to assess the ecosystem services provided by all wetlands and this paper provides a partial contribution to their larger effort. I also thank Mary Kentula, Steve Jordan, Ken Forshay and Richard Devereux for their insightful early reviews of this paper. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1381 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 109 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 18 U2 95 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0132-9 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741ZO UT WOS:000288907700017 ER PT J AU Markey, K AF Markey, Kristan TI Symp VIIId Getting the Good Stuff and Avoiding the Bad-How EPA is Addressing Industrial Nanoscale Materials to Achieve Environmental Benefits SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Toxicology CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Toxicol DE nanotechnology; green; regulation C1 [Markey, Kristan] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 733RJ UT WOS:000288280200105 ER PT J AU Zhou, XF Dai, CM Zhang, YL Surampalli, RY Zhang, TC AF Zhou, X. F. Dai, C. M. Zhang, Y. L. Surampalli, R. Y. Zhang, T. C. TI A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbamazepine (CBZ); Solid-phase extraction; Occurrence; Aquatic environments ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; AQUEOUS SAMPLES; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AB The occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, East China. The water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The validation of the analytical method included linearity (0.1-1 mg/L), recovery studies, and determination of limits of quantification. Limits of quantification of CBZ in various aquatic samples were in the range of 0.1-0.2 mu g/L. CBZ was detected in the Tongji University Intramural River, the Huangpu River, and the Suzhou River with the highest concentration of 1,090 ng/L, but not detected in the Nanhengyin River and the Caojia River. In sewage water samples, CBZ was not detected in one of the sewage treatment plants (STPs) but was detected in the raw influents and effluents at the other three selected STPs in Shanghai, with the concentrations ranging from 230 to 1,110 ng/L. CBZ was not completely eliminated after secondary treatment (with the active sludge process). C1 [Zhang, Y. L.] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Zhou, X. F.; Dai, C. M.] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Yangtze Water Environm, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zhang, T. C.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Zhang, YL (reprint author), Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM zhouxuefei@tongji.edu.cn; daichaomeng@gmail.com; zhangyalei2003@163.com; surampalli.rao@epamail.epa.gov; tzhang@mail.unomaha.edu OI Zhang, Yalei/0000-0002-3254-8965 FU Ministry of Education of China [NCET-07-0627]; Foundation item of Shanghai International Cooperation in Science and Technology [072307007]; Shanghai Natural Science Fund [06ZR14089] FX This study was supported by the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program from the Ministry of Education of China (NCET-07-0627), Foundation item of Shanghai International Cooperation in Science and Technology (072307007), and Shanghai Natural Science Fund (06ZR14089). We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1369-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729VY UT WOS:000287982000005 PM 20213064 ER PT J AU Carraway, MS Key, NS AF Carraway, Martha Sue Key, Nigel S. TI The microbubble or the microparticle? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TISSUE FACTOR; PLATELET MICROPARTICLES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DYSFUNCTION; MECHANISM; MONOCYTES; BLOOD C1 [Carraway, Martha Sue] US EPA, Environm & Publ Hlth Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Key, Nigel S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Carraway, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Environm & Publ Hlth Div, CB 7315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM carraway.martha@epa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 BP 307 EP 308 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01505.2010 PG 2 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 732RO UT WOS:000288207100004 PM 21193560 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Conmy, RN Aukamp, J Craven, G Ferer, EJ AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Conmy, Robyn N. Aukamp, Jessica Craven, George Ferer, Erin J. TI Organic and inorganic matter in Louisiana coastal waters: Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi regions SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CDOM; DOC; PIM; POM; Detritus; Absorption ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIVER PLUME; FOURLEAGUE BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; NUTRIENTS; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE; SEDIMENTS AB Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectral absorption, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and the particulate fraction of inorganic (PIM) and organic matter (POM) were measured in Louisiana coastal waters at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River locations, in 2007-2008. The range of CDOM was 0.092 m(-1) at Barataria in June 2008 to 11.225 m(-1) at Mississippi in February 2008. An indicator of organic matter quality was predicted by the spectral slope of absorption coefficients from 350 to 412 nm which was between 0.0087 m(-1) at Mississippi in May 2008 and 0.0261 m(-1) at Barataria in June 2008. CDOM was the dominant component of light attenuation at Terrebonne and Barataria. Detritus and CDOM were the primary components of light attenuation at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, and Mississippi. DOC ranged between 65 and 1235 mu M. RIM ranged between 1.1 and 426.3 mg L-1 and POM was between 0.3 and 49.6 mg L-1. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.; Conmy, Robyn N.; Aukamp, Jessica; Craven, George] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. [Ferer, Erin J.] Virgina Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. EM schaeffer.blake@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This study has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been reviewed and approved for publication by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory but contents are solely views of the authors. Mention of trade names or commercial products do not constitute endorsement by the US EPA. This is contribution number 1401 from the Gulf Ecology Division. We acknowledge Alex Almario, David Beddick, Christopher Main (SSC), Roman Stanley, and Bob Quarles for assisting in sample collection, James Hagy for processing CUD data, and Diane Yates for managing the database. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 733WY UT WOS:000288296400037 PM 21237471 ER PT J AU Harrill, JA Robinette, BL Mundy, WR AF Harrill, Joshua A. Robinette, Brian L. Mundy, William R. TI Use of high content image analysis to detect chemical-induced changes in synaptogenesis in vitro SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE Synaptogenesis; High content image analysis; Developmental neurotoxicity; Primary mixed cortical culture ID CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RAT CORTICAL-NEURONS; SYNAPSE FORMATION; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; EXCITATORY SYNAPSES; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; NEOCORTICAL EXPLANTS; POSTNATAL RATS AB Synaptogenesis is a critical process in nervous system development whereby neurons establish specialized contact sites which facilitate neurotransmission. Early life exposure to chemicals can result in persistent deficits in nervous system function at later life stages. These effects are often the result of abnormal development of synapses. Given the large number of chemicals in commerce with unknown potential to result in developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), the need exists for assays that can efficiently characterize and quantify chemical effects on brain development including synaptogenesis. The present study describes the application of automated high content image analysis (HCA) technology for examining synapse formation in rodent primary mixed cortical cultures. During the first 15 days in vitro (DIV) cortical neurons developed a network of polarized neurites (i.e., axons and dendrites) and expression of the pre-synaptic protein synapsin increased over time. The localization of punctate synapsin protein in close apposition to dendrites also increased, indicating an increase in synapse formation. Results demonstrated that: (1) punctate synapsin protein with a spatial orientation consistent with synaptic contact sites could be selectively measured, (2) the critical period for synaptogenesis in cortical cultures was consistent with previous reports, (3) chemicals known to inhibit synapse formation decreased automated measurements of synapse number and (4) parallel evaluation of neuron density, dendrite length and synapse number could distinguish frank cytotoxicity from specific effects on synapse formation or neuronal morphology. Collectively, these data demonstrate that automated image analysis can be used to efficiently assess synapse formation in primary cultures and that the resultant data is comparable to results obtained using lower throughput methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harrill, Joshua A.; Robinette, Brian L.; Mundy, William R.] US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, ISTD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Syst Biol Branch, ISTD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov FU US EPA FX The present work was performed using US EPA intramural funding. The authors would like to thank Dr. Steven O. Simmons and O. Joseph Trask for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript and Mr. John Havel for preparing the illustration shown in Fig. 2. NR 85 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD FEB PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 368 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.10.011 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 716YY UT WOS:000287010600045 PM 20969947 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Cho, SH Baldauf, R Schauer, JJ Shaferd, M AF Hays, Michael D. Cho, Seung-Hyun Baldauf, Richard Schauer, James J. Shaferd, Martin TI Particle size distributions of metal and non-metal elements in an urban near-highway environment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; ICP-MS; Metals; Size distribution; Near-road emissions ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; NORTH-CAROLINA; ROAD; FINE; EMISSIONS; PM2.5; APPORTIONMENT; RALEIGH; ENGINE AB Determination of the size-resolved elemental composition of near-highway particulate matter (PM) is important due to the health and environmental risks it poses. In the current study, twelve 24 h PM samples were collected (in July-August 2006) using a low-pressure impactor positioned 20 m from a Raleigh, North Carolina interstate. The interstate supported similar to 125,000 vehicles/d, the majority of which were light-duty gasoline passenger vehicles. The overall near-highway PM mass size distribution was trimodal with a major accumulation mode peak at 500-800 nm. PM mass levels reflected daily traffic activity, while mean near-highway PM(10) (33 +/- 7.5 mu g m(-3)), PM(2.5) (29 +/- 6.8 mu g m(-3)), and PM(0.1) (1.4 +/- 0.3 mu g m(-3)) mass levels varied less than 24% over the two week sampling period. The elemental composition of the impactor-collected PM was investigated using magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (SF-ICPMS). Accumulation mode sulfur (7 +/- 4% w/w) was the major inorganic constituent detected at the near-highway site followed by coarse mode group IA and IIA elements likely from re-suspension of crustal matter. As expected, elements regularly detected in asphalt, vehicle, catalyst (e.g., Pt, Rh, and Pd), brake, and tire wear (e.g., Cu and Sb) were also found in the near highway PM. Maximum concentrations of the platinum group, rare earth, and common brake and tire wear elements were observed at d(50) =1-2 mu m, d(50) =1-4 mu m, and d(50) >= 1-4 mu m, respectively. Ten of the eleven metals listed as EPA air toxics (Mn, Cr, Sb, Ni, Pb, As, Co, Cd, Se, and Be) were detected in each PM size fraction but were generally enriched in PM(0.1). Several biologically antagonistic suites of metals (Cd. Cu, and V) were found in multiple PM size modes. Some of these metals showed erratic size distributions with daily changes in enrichment (e.g., Ni, Zn, Cd, As, and Cu) and particle size, suggesting a variety of emissions and metal exposure scenarios occurring in the near-highway environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hays, Michael D.; Cho, Seung-Hyun; Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Schauer, James J.; Shaferd, Martin] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI USA. [Schauer, James J.; Shaferd, Martin] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 925 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 722HZ UT WOS:000287424600014 ER PT J AU Schwede, D Zhang, LM Vet, R Lear, G AF Schwede, Donna Zhang, Leiming Vet, Robert Lear, Gary TI An intercomparison of the deposition models used in the CASTNET and CAPMoN networks SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric deposition; Dry deposition; CASTNET; CAPMoN ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE; MULTILAYER MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; OZONE; SULFUR; MOUNTAINS; CANOPIES; COTTON AB To assess long-term trends in atmospheric deposition, the U.S. operates the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) and Canada operates the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN). Both networks use modeled dry deposition velocities and measured atmospheric concentrations to compute estimates of dry deposition. While concentration measurements from the two networks are comparable, flux estimates can be significantly different due to differences in the model-estimated dry deposition velocities. This study intercompares the dry deposition velocity models used by the networks to identify those model inputs and model algorithms that are responsible for the differences in the dry deposition velocity predictions of the gaseous trace species ozone (O(3)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nitric acid (HNO(3)). The Big-Leaf Model (BLM) used for CAPMoN was inserted into the CASTNET modeling framework so that the on-site meteorological data obtained at the CASTNET sites could be used as input to both models. The models were run for four CASTNET sites that spanned different land use types and climatologies. The models were incrementally modified to assess the impacts of algorithmic differences on the predicted deposition velocities. While differences in aerodynamic resistance between the models contributed strongly to differences in predicted dry deposition velocities for HNO(3). it is the non-stomatal (ground and cuticle) resistance parameterizations that cause the largest differences for other chemical species. The study points to the need for further consideration of these resistances. Additionally, comparisons of both models against recent independent flux data are needed to assess the accuracy of the models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schwede, Donna] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, Leiming; Vet, Robert] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Lear, Gary] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Schwede, D (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E243-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Schwede.donna@epa.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1346 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.050 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727SV UT WOS:000287822800014 ER PT J AU Randall, TA Hunsucker, SA Armistead, PM AF Randall, T. A. Hunsucker, S. A. Armistead, P. M. TI WHOLE GENOME ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATE MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY, ANTIGENS PREDICTS A SMALL NUMBER OF COMMON, TIGHT-BINDING EPITOPES TO HLA-A AND B SUPERTYPES SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Blood-and-Marrow-Transplantation(BMT) Tandem CY FEB 17-21, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Blood Marrow Transplantat, Ctr Int Blood Marrow Transplant Res C1 [Randall, T. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Hunsucker, S. A.; Armistead, P. M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 SU 2 MA 506 BP S335 EP S335 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.543 PG 1 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 721JX UT WOS:000287350500506 ER PT J AU Pinto, PX Al-Abed, SR Reisman, DJ AF Pinto, Patricio X. Al-Abed, Souhail R. Reisman, David J. TI Biosorption of heavy metals from mining influenced water onto chitin products SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mining influenced water; Acid mine drainage; Chitin; Passive treatment; Metals; Remediation ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; CRAB SHELL PARTICLES; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CELLULOSE/CHITIN BEADS; REMOVAL; CHITOSAN; CADMIUM; LEAD; WASTEWATERS AB Mining influenced water (MIW) emanating from mine sites poses a major environmental concern due to its impact on water contamination caused by low pH and the presence of high concentrations of toxic metals. Chitorem SC-20 (R) (raw crushed crab shells containing 40% (w/w) CaCO(3), 30% protein, 20% chitin, 7% moisture, and 3% ash) and Chitorem SC-80 (R) (the chitin polymer containing 88% chitin and 12% moisture) were used to evaluate heavy metals removal from MIW. It was found that SC-20 was very effective at neutralizing the strong acidity of MIW, even at loads as low as 1 g/L the equilibrium pH was neutral. At a load of 2 g/L, SC-20 showed a final pH of 7.94 with almost complete (>99.8%) removal of iron (120 mg/L), lead (1.1 mg/L) and zinc (79 mg/L), along with partial removal of cadmium (96% of 1.3 mg/L), cobalt (54% of 0.78 mg/L), copper (42% of 72 mg/L), and manganese (64% of 52 mg/L) from MIW. Metal removal was achieved primarily by neutralization and precipitation mainly due to the dissolution of the CaCO(3) from the SC-20. SC-80 was used to differentiate the effect of alkalinity and the amount of metal adsorption achievable by the chitin polymer. Lead (up to 1.24 mg/g), cadmium (up to 1.81 mg/g), and cobalt (up to 0.93 mg/g) from single-metal solutions were adsorbed onto the chitin polymer (SC-80). Metal adsorption onto the chitin polymer seemed to have a minor role as a mechanism of metal removal from MIW. Overall, this study demonstrated that crab-shell products can be an important alternative for MIW remediation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Reisman, David J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pinto, Patricio X.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Pinto, Patricio/0000-0002-7840-457X FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and performed at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to the Agency's internal review. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not, necessarily reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors want to acknowledge JRW Bioremediation LLC, particularly Mr. Michael Sieczkowski, for providing the chitin materials and for constructive suggestions throughout the research. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their valuable comments to improve the manuscript. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 166 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.091 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 728VF UT WOS:000287901900025 ER EF