FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ren, HZ Aleksunes, LM Wood, C Vallanat, B George, MH Klaassen, CD Corton, JC AF Ren, Hongzu Aleksunes, Lauren M. Wood, Carmen Vallanat, Beena George, Michael H. Klaassen, Curtis D. Corton, J. Christopher TI Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha-Independent Effects of PPAR alpha Activators in the Rodent Liver: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also Activates the Constitutive-Activated Receptor SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; transcript profiling; liver cancer; di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; constitutive-activated receptor; pregnane X receptor ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; THYROID-HORMONE METABOLISM; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; MOUSE-LIVER; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC-ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENESIS; TRANSCRIPTION COACTIVATOR AB Peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPC) are thought to mediate their effects in rodents on hepatocyte growth and liver cancer through the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha. Recent studies indicate that the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) increased the incidence of liver tumors in PPAR alpha-null mice. We hypothesized that some PPC, including DEHP, induce transcriptional changes independent of PPAR alpha but dependent on other nuclear receptors, including the constitutive-activated receptor (CAR) that mediates phenobarbital (PB) effects on hepatocyte growth and liver tumor induction. To determine the potential role of CAR in mediating effects of PPC, a meta-analysis was performed on transcript profiles from published studies in which rats and mice were exposed to PPC and compared the profiles to those produced by exposure to PB. Valproic acid, clofibrate, and DEHP in rat liver and DEHP in mouse liver induced genes, including Cyp2b family members that are known to be regulated by CAR. Examination of transcript changes by Affymetrix ST 1.0 arrays and reverse transcription-PCR in the livers of DEHP-treated wild-type, PPAR alpha-null, and CAR-null mice demonstrated that (1) most (similar to 94%) of the transcriptional changes induced by DEHP were PPAR alpha-dependent, (2) many PPAR alpha-independent genes overlapped with those regulated by PB, (3) induction of genes Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, and metallothionine-1 by DEHP was CAR dependent but PPAR alpha-independent, and (4) induction of a number of genes (Cyp8b1, Gstm4, and Gstm7) was independent of both CAR and PPAR alpha. Our results indicate that exposure to PPAR alpha activators including DEHP leads to activation of multiple nuclear receptors in the rodent liver. C1 [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ren, Hongzu; Vallanat, Beena] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Aleksunes, Lauren M.; Klaassen, Curtis D.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Wood, Carmen] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institutes of Health [ES013714] FX U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institutes of Health (ES013714 to C. D. K.). NR 74 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 113 IS 1 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp251 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 534ZH UT WOS:000272935700005 PM 19850644 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ Nava, GM Cai, SY Boyer, JL Hernandez-Zavala, A Gaskins, HR AF Thomas, David J. Nava, Gerardo M. Cai, Shi-Ying Boyer, James L. Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Gaskins, H. Rex TI Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase and the Methylation of Arsenicals in the Invertebrate Chordate Ciona intestinalis SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; Ciona intestinalis; comparative genomics; methyltransferases; toxicogenomics ID EVOLUTION; RAT; DETOXIFICATION; METABOLISM; DATABASE; BINDING; GENOME; TRIMETHYLARSINE; IDENTIFICATION; GENERATION AB Biotransformation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) involves methylation catalyzed by arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) yielding mono-, di-, and trimethylated arsenicals. To investigate the evolution of molecular mechanisms that mediate arsenic biotransformation, a comparative genomic approach focusing on the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis was used. Bioinformatic analyses identified an As3mt gene in the C. intestinalis genome. Constitutive As3mt RNA expression was observed in heart, branchial sac, and gastrointestinal tract. Adult animals were exposed to 0 or 1 ppm of iAs for 1 or 5 days. Steady-state As3mt RNA expression in the gastrointestinal tract was not modulated significantly by 5 days of exposure to iAs. Tissue levels of iAs and its methylated metabolites were determined by hydride generation-cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry. At either time point, exposure to iAs significantly increased concentrations of iAs and its methylated metabolites in tissues. After 5 days of exposure, total speciated arsenic concentrations were highest in branchial sac (3705 ng/g), followed by heart (1019 ng/g) and gastrointestinal tract (835 ng/g). At this time point, the sum of the speciated arsenical concentrations in gastrointestinal tract and heart equaled or exceeded that of iAs; in branchial sac, iAs was the predominant species present. Ciona intestinalis metabolizes iAs to its methylated metabolites, which are retained in tissues. This metabolic pattern is consistent with the presence of an As3mt ortholog in its genome and constitutive expression of the gene in prominent organs, making this basal chordate a useful model to examine the evolution of arsenic detoxification. C1 [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nava, Gerardo M.; Gaskins, H. Rex] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cai, Shi-Ying; Boyer, James L.; Gaskins, H. Rex] Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. [Cai, Shi-Ying; Boyer, James L.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Liver, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov; hgaskins@illinois.edu RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 FU National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences Center for Comparative Toxicology [P30 ES03828]; Yale Liver Center [P30 34989]; [DK 25636] FX National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences Center for Comparative Toxicology (P30 ES03828) at Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory; DK 25636 to J. L. B.; Yale Liver Center (P30 34989). NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 113 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp250 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 534ZH UT WOS:000272935700007 PM 19833739 ER PT J AU Wielgus, AR Zhao, B Chignell, CF Hu, DN Roberts, JE AF Wielgus, Albert R. Zhao, Baozhong Chignell, Colin F. Hu, Dan-Ning Roberts, Joan E. TI Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human retinal pigment epithelial cells SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Fullerenes; Fullerol; Ocular toxicology; Ocular phototoxicity; Human retinal pigment epithelial cells; Singlet oxygen; Superoxide; Lipid peroxidation ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATION; WATER-SOLUBLE FULLERENES; GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; IN-VITRO; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ASCORBIC-ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; OCULAR PHOTOTOXICITY AB The water-soluble nanoparticle hydroxylated fullerene [fullerol, nano-C(60)(OH)(22-26)] has several applications including use as a drug carrier to bypass the blood ocular barriers. We have previously found that fullerol is both cytotoxic and phototoxic to human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3) and that the endogenous antioxidant lutein blocked some of this phototoxicity. In the present study we have found that fullerol induces cytotoxic and phototoxic damage to human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Accumulation of nano-C(60)(OH)(22-26) in the cells was confirmed spectrophotometrically at 405 nm, and cell viability, cell metabolism and membrane permeability were estimated using trypan blue, MTS and LDH assays, respectively. Fullerol was cytotoxic toward hRPE cells maintained in the dark at concentrations higher than 10 mu M. Exposure to an 8.5 J. cm(-2) dose of visible light in the presence of >5 mu M fullerol induced TBARS formation and early apoptosis, indicating phototoxic damage in the form of lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment with 10 and 20 M lutein offered some protection against fullerol photodamage. Using time resolved photophysical techniques, we have now confirmed that fullerol produces singlet oxygen with a quantum yield of Phi=0.05 in D(2)O and with a range of 0.002-0.439 in various solvents. As our previous studies have shown that fullerol also produces superoxide in the presence of light, retinal phototoxic damage may occur through both type I (free radical) and type II (singlet oxygen) mechanisms. In conclusion, ocular exposure to fullerol, particularly in the presence of sunlight, may lead to retinal damage. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Roberts, Joan E.] Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Lincoln Ctr, New York, NY 10023 USA. [Wielgus, Albert R.; Zhao, Baozhong; Chignell, Colin F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hu, Dan-Ning] New York Eye & Ear Infirm, Tissue Culture Ctr, New York, NY 10002 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Lincoln Ctr, 113 W 60th St, New York, NY 10023 USA. EM jroberts@fordham.edu RI Zhao, Baozhong/B-5865-2011 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). We wish to thank the following persons from NIEHS: Dr. Anil Motten for help in preparation of this manuscript, Dr. Carl Bortner and Maria Sifre for their assistance with flow cytometry measurements, Ms. Deloris Sutton for the TEM images, and Dr. Piotr Bilski for his help in setting up the 1O2 detection system. Images of the cells were taken by C. Jeff Tucker at the NIEHS Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Center. We also wish to thank Dr. Cynthia Smith of National Toxicology Program, NIEHS for supplying the fullerol, fullerene and fullerene hydride used in these experiments and Drs. William Boyes and Laura Degn of the US Environmental Protection Agency Research (USEPA) for assistance with the Zeta measurements. This manuscript has been reviewed by the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences and approved for publication. NR 90 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 242 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.021 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 528HT UT WOS:000272434800009 PM 19800903 ER PT J AU Vidal-Martinez, VM Pech, D Sures, B Purucker, ST Poulin, R AF Vidal-Martinez, Victor M. Pech, Daniel Sures, Bernd Purucker, S. Thomas Poulin, Robert TI Can parasites really reveal environmental impact? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; HEAVY-METAL BIOINDICATORS; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; OIL-LADEN SEDIMENTS; CENTRAL FINLAND; POLLUTION; FISH; ACCUMULATION; COMMUNITIES AB This review assesses the usefulness of parasites as bioindicators of environmental impact. Relevant studies published in the past decade were compiled; factorial meta-analysis demonstrated significant effects and interactions between parasite levels and the presence and concentration of various pollutants and/or environmental stressors. These effects and interactions were also evident in subsets of studies that used different methods such as field surveys or experimental exposure. From this meta-analysis we conclude that parasites are useful bioindicators of environmental impact. Further, by examining aspects of study design, we put forward recommendations for the design of future studies to evaluate anthropogenic impact on host-parasite interactions and increase the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs. C1 [Vidal-Martinez, Victor M.; Pech, Daniel] CINVESTAV IPN, Unidad Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. [Pech, Daniel] Univ Autonoma Campeche, Ctr EPOMEX, Campeche 24039, Mexico. [Sures, Bernd] Univ Duisburg Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany. [Purucker, S. Thomas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA USA. [Poulin, Robert] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Vidal-Martinez, VM (reprint author), CINVESTAV IPN, Unidad Merida, Carretera Antigua Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. EM vvidal@mda.cinvestav.mx RI Poulin, Robert/C-3117-2008; Vidal-Martinez, Victor/B-5607-2009; Sures, Bernd/B-6652-2013 OI Poulin, Robert/0000-0003-1390-1206; Vidal-Martinez, Victor/0000-0001-5514-2127; FU Cinvestav Postdoctoral Fellowship; SEP-PROMEP; FOMIX Yucatan; British Council for the benefit of the Mexican Higher Education Sector; UK Higher Education Sector FX The authors are indebted to Leopoldina Aguirre Macedo, Nadine Haus, Jessica Gurevitch, Fran Rauschenberg, and Jorge Montero. D.P. was funded by a Cinvestav Postdoctoral Fellowship. Financial support was from a SEP-PROMEP award 'Propuesta sobre Calentamiento Global y Cambio Climatico de la Red Academica de Instituciones SEP-PROMEP del Sureste: area Sensibilidad Marina', and a FOMIX Yucatan award 'Sensibilidad y vulnerabilidad de los ecosistemas costeros del sureste de Mexico ante el Cambio Climatico Global'. This document is an output from the British Council Mexico Research Links Project funded by the British Council for the benefit of the Mexican Higher Education Sector and the UK Higher Education Sector. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the British Council. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency's review policies and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 72 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2009.11.001 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 547XQ UT WOS:000273923600008 PM 19945346 ER PT J AU Pham, TTH Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Pham, T. T. H. Brar, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Influence of ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation pre-treatment on rheological characteristics of wastewater sludge SO ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradability; Fenton oxidation; Filterability; Particle size; Rheology; Wastewater sludge; Ultrasonication ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; BIODEGRADABILITY; DISINTEGRATION; DEWATERABILITY; IMPROVE; REACTOR; FLOC AB The effect of ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation as physico-chemical pre-treatment processes on the change of theology of wastewater sludge was investigated in this study. Pre-treated and raw sludges displayed non-Newtonian rheological behaviour with shear thinning as well as thixotropic properties for total solids ranging from 10 g/L to 40 g/L. The theological models, namely, Bingham plastic, Casson law, NCA/CMA Casson, IPC Paste, and power law were also studied to characterize flow of raw and pre-treated Sludges. Among all theological models, the power law was more prominent in describing the theology of the sludges. Pre-treatment processes resulted in a decrease in pseudoplasticity of sludge due to the decrease in consistency index K varying from 42.4 to 1188, 25.6 to 620.4 and 52.5 to 317.9; and increase in flow behaviour index n changing from 0.5 to 0.35, 0.62 to 0.55 and 0.63 to 0.58, for RS, UIS and FS, respectively at solids concentration 10-40 g/L. The correlation between improvement of biodegradability and dewaterability, decrease in viscosity, and change in particle size as a function of sludge pre-treatment process was also investigated. Fenton oxidation facilitated sludge filterability resulting in capillary suction time values which were approximately 50% of the raw sludges, whereas ultrasonication with high input energy deteriorated the filterability. Biodegradability was also enhanced by the pretreatment processes and the maximum value was obtained (64%, 77% and 73% for raw, ultrasonicated and Fenton oxidized sludges, respectively) at total solids concentration of 25 g/L Hence, pre-treatment of wastewater sludge modified the theological properties so that: (1) the flowability Of Sludge was improved for transport through the treatment train (via pipes and pumps); (2) the dewaterability of wastewater sludge was enhanced for eventual disposal and; (3) the assimilation of nutrients by microorganisms for further value-addition was increased. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pham, T. T. H.; Brar, S. K.; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, 355254, STP235071]; INRS-ETE FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grants A4984 and 355254, STP235071, Canada Research Chair), and INRS-ETE for financial support. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4177 J9 ULTRASON SONOCHEM JI Ultrason. Sonochem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.06.007 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Chemistry GA 548AD UT WOS:000273930300011 PM 19574083 ER PT J AU Bonilla, N Santiago, T Marcos, P Urdaneta, M Domingo, JS Toranzos, GA AF Bonilla, N. Santiago, T. Marcos, P. Urdaneta, M. Domingo, J. Santo Toranzos, G. A. TI Enterophages, a group of phages infecting Enterococcus faecalis, and their potential as alternate indicators of human faecal contamination SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterococci; enterophages; faecal contamination; indicators; recreational waters ID ENTERIC VIRUSES; SOURCE TRACKING; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; BACTERIOPHAGES; COLIPHAGES; ENTEROVIRUSES; SEWAGE; MODEL AB We have developed a method for the detection of viruses in environmental samples that we have called enterophages, that specifically infect Enterococcus faecalis. This method has allowed us to determine the prevalence and to study the ecology of this group of phages. The enterophages replicate at 37 degrees C, and at 41 degrees C. The presence of NaN(3) in the media inhibits the growth of background microbiota and allows an accurate, specific and rapid detection of these viruses. Enterophages were present in raw domestic sewage at lower concentrations (average 1.8 x 10(2) PFU/100 mL) than those of coliphages (average 1.7 x 10(5) PFU/100 mL). Phages were characterised by transmission electron microscopy showing icosahedral capsids, some with non-contractile tails as well as icosahedral non-tailed capsids. Different isolates had capsid sizes ranging from 20 nm to about 75 nm in diameter. These data describe a new group of phages that may serve as alternate indicators of human faecal pollution, especially in recreational waters. The ecology of these enterophages indicates that these may be strictly of human origin. C1 [Bonilla, N.; Santiago, T.; Urdaneta, M.; Toranzos, G. A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Environm Microbiol Lab, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Marcos, P.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol Sci, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Domingo, J. Santo] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Toranzos, GA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Environm Microbiol Lab, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM gatoranzos@uprrp.edu FU NSF-RIMES programme FX We thank Eng. Jose Capeles and Ms. Cruz Minerva Ortiz from PRASA for their help with access to sewage treatment plant samples. We also acknowledge the help of Margerie Rivera, Nataly Montes, Veronica Marcantoni, and Leiribel Tavarez for their help in the analyses of the samples. We also thank Eng. Camilo Cangani from UPRMSC Central Electron Microscopy Unit and Dr. Maxime Guinel of the UPRRP TEM Facility for their help with the TEM analyses. We thank the support of the NSF-RIMES programme for travel to Montserrat. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 2 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.2166/wst.2010.815 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 551XQ UT WOS:000274247100002 PM 20107254 ER PT J AU Capodaglio, AG Suidan, M Venosa, AD Callegari, A AF Capodaglio, Andrea G. Suidan, Makram Venosa, Albert D. Callegari, Arianna TI Efficient degradation of MtBE and other gasoline-originated compounds by means of a biological reactor of novel conception: two case studies in Italy and the USA SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; biomass concentrator reactor; gasoline hydrocarbons; groundwater; membranes; MtBE ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; BIODEGRADATION; BIOREACTOR; CULTURE; WATER; FLOW AB The presence of MtBE in groundwaters, due to its past use as an oxygenate additive to "green" gasoline, poses potential threats to human health as a possible carcinogen. As its chemical properties render it very mobile and poorly treatable by means of bioremediation, chemical oxidation, stripping, or carbon adsorption, a new, ex-situ treatment process was recently developed by the US EPA and the University of Cincinnati. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this pump-and-treat technology in actual contaminated groundwater plumes in the field in two different conditions. The technology based on the combination of aerobic degradation and a special filtration medium is simple to operate, easily meets the challenge of producing a highly polished effluent in a cost-effective fashion, compared to other processes. C1 [Capodaglio, Andrea G.; Callegari, Arianna] Univ Pavia, Dept Hydraul & Environm Engn, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Capodaglio, Andrea G.; Callegari, Arianna] UNECO Srl Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Suidan, Makram] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Capodaglio, AG (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Hydraul & Environm Engn, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM capo@unipv.it OI Capodaglio, Andrea G/0000-0002-1791-1404 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 3 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.2166/wst.2010.854 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 554OO UT WOS:000274444500029 PM 20150718 ER PT B AU Pelaez, M Antoniou, MG He, XX Dionysiou, DD de la Cruz, AA Tsimeli, K Triantis, T Hiskia, A Kaloudis, T Williams, C Aubel, M Chapman, A Foss, A Khan, U O'Shea, KE Westrick, J AF Pelaez, Miguel Antoniou, Maria G. He, Xuexiang Dionysiou, Dionysios D. de la Cruz, Armah A. Tsimeli, Katerina Triantis, Theodoros Hiskia, Anastasia Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Williams, Christopher Aubel, Mark Chapman, Andrew Foss, Amanda Khan, Urooj O'Shea, Kevin E. Westrick, Judy BE FattaKassinos, D Bester, K Kummerer, K TI Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins Worldwide SO XENOBIOTICS IN THE URBAN WATER CYCLE: MASS FLOWS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES, MITIGATION AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES SE Environmental Pollution Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROCYSTIN-PRODUCING CYANOBACTERIA; GREEK FRESH-WATERS; LOWER GREAT-LAKES; SOUTH-AFRICA; HEPATOTOXIC MICROCYSTINS; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; ALGAL BLOOMS; HUMAN HEALTH; RESERVOIRS; DIVERSITY AB The eutrophication of water resources, mainly attributed to antrophogenic activities such as sewage and agricultural runoffs, has led to a worldwide increase in the formation of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (Cyano-HABs). Cyano-HABs have the ability to produce and release toxic compounds, commonly known as cyanotoxins, which comprise a potent threat for human and animal health as well as negative economical impacts. This chapter presents an overview on the sources and occurrence of species of cyanobacteria and their association with the production of cyanotoxins throughout the world. The main bloom-forming cyanobacteria that have been detected include Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, and Planktothrix. The main cyanotoxins related to these cyanobacteria are microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a and saxitoxins. C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Antoniou, Maria G.; He, Xuexiang; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Tsimeli, Katerina; Triantis, Theodoros; Hiskia, Anastasia] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Lab Catalyt Photocatalyt Proc Solar Energy Enviro, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. [Kaloudis, Triantafyllos] Athens Water Supply & Sewerage Co EYDAP SA, Oran Micropollutants Lab, Athens 11146, Greece. [Williams, Christopher; Aubel, Mark; Chapman, Andrew; Foss, Amanda] GreenWater Labs CyanoLab, Palatka, FL USA. [Khan, Urooj; O'Shea, Kevin E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33183 USA. [Westrick, Judy] Lake Super State Univ, Dept Chem, Marie, MI 49783 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu; delacruz.armah@epa.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Kaloudis, Triantafyllos/0000-0003-1909-0256; TRIANTIS, THEODOROS/0000-0002-7899-176X NR 97 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3508-0 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT SER JI Environ. Pollut. Ser. PY 2010 VL 16 BP 101 EP 127 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3509-7_6 PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BNW17 UT WOS:000275723200006 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI A feasibility study on Pd/Mg application in historically contaminated sediments and PCB spiked substrates SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Pd/Mg; PCBs; Aged sediments; Dechlorination; Sulfide poisoning; Aroclors ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DECHLORINATION; SYSTEMS; BAY AB A vast majority of literature on bimetals deals with aqueous contaminants, very little being on organics strongly adsorbed on sediments and hence very challenging to remediate. Having previously reported materials, mechanistic and parametric aspects of PCB dechlorination with Pd/Mg bimetals, here we evaluate their ability to dechlorinate (i) PCBs spiked in clean clays and sediments and (ii) historically contaminated aged sediments (Waukegan Harbor, WHS). It was determined that while water, as a medium, dechlorinated low surface area clays it was ineffective with high surface area clays and sediments. Dechlorination was governed by desorption of PCBs, hence addition of 10-25% ethanol improved dechlorination performance. Triton X-100, a surfactant, effectively desorbed PCBs from WHS but their dechlorination was not observed. Investigating possible causes, we found that while (i) Pd/Mg completely dechlorinated multi-component commercial PCB mixtures (i.e. complex PCB distribution in WHS did not limit Pd/Mg effectiveness) and (ii) active components in extraction media did not inhibit dechlorination, sulfide in WHS was poisoning Pd, compromising its activity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been Subjected to internal policy review of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not, necessarily, reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. SA is grateful to Eric Graybill and Amro El-Badawy of Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. (PTS) for method development to quantify PCBs and for assistance with the HACH(R) kit, respectively. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 172 IS 2-3 BP 1156 EP 1162 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.117 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522EO UT WOS:000271980800085 PM 19709811 ER PT J AU Beck-Speier, I Kreyling, WG Maier, KL Dayal, N Schladweiler, MC Mayer, P Semmler-Behnke, M Kodavanti, UP AF Beck-Speier, Ingrid Kreyling, Wolfgang G. Maier, Konrad L. Dayal, Niru Schladweiler, Mette C. Mayer, Paula Semmler-Behnke, Manuela Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Soluble iron modulates iron oxide particle-induced inflammatory responses via prostaglandin E-2 synthesis: In vitro and in vivo studies SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OIL FLY-ASH; AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; LUNG CLEARANCE; FERRIC-OXIDE; PULMONARY RESPONSES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; LIPID MEDIATORS; RATS; TRANSLOCATION AB Background: Ambient particulate matter (PM)-associated metals have been shown to play an important role in cardiopulmonary health outcomes. To study the modulation of PM-induced inflammation by leached off metals, we investigated intracellular solubility of radio-labeled iron oxide ((Fe2O3)-Fe-59) particles of 0.5 and 1.5 mu m geometric mean diameter. Fe2O3 particles were examined for the induction of the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) as pro-inflammatory and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) as anti-inflammatory markers in cultured alveolar macrophages (AM) from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. In addition, we exposed male WKY rats to monodispersed Fe2O3 particles by intratracheal instillation (1.3 or 4.0 mg/kg body weight) to examine in vivo inflammation. Results: Particles of both sizes are insoluble extracellularly in the media but moderately soluble in AM with an intracellular dissolution rate of 0.0037 +/- 0.0014 d(-1) for 0.5 mu m and 0.0016 +/- 0.0012 d(-1) for 1.5 mu m (Fe2O3)-Fe-59 particles. AM exposed in vitro to 1.5 mu m particles (10 mu g/mL) for 24 h increased IL-6 release (1.8-fold; p < 0.05) and also PGE(2) synthesis (1.9-fold; p < 0.01). By contrast, 0.5 mu m particles did not enhance IL-6 release but strongly increased PGE(2) synthesis (2.5-fold, p < 0.005). Inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis by indomethacin caused a pro-inflammatory phenotype as noted by increased IL-6 release from AM exposed to 0.5 mu m particles (up to 3-fold; p < 0.005). In the rat lungs, 1.5 but not 0.5 mu m particles (4.0 mg/kg) induced neutrophil influx and increased vascular permeability. Conclusions: Fe2O3 particle-induced neutrophilic inflammatory response in vivo and proinflammatory cytokine release in vitro might be modulated by intracellular soluble iron via PGE(2) synthesis. The suppressive effect of intracellular released soluble iron on particle-induced inflammation has implications on how ambient PM-associated but soluble metals influence pulmonary toxicity of ambient PM. C1 [Beck-Speier, Ingrid; Kreyling, Wolfgang G.; Maier, Konrad L.; Dayal, Niru; Mayer, Paula; Semmler-Behnke, Manuela] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Comprehens Pneumol Ctr, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Kreyling, Wolfgang G.; Mayer, Paula; Semmler-Behnke, Manuela] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Focus Network Nanoparticles & Hlth, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Schladweiler, Mette C.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kreyling, WG (reprint author), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Comprehens Pneumol Ctr, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM beck-speier@helmholtz-muenchen.de; kreyling@helmholtz-muenchen.de; klmaier@arcor.de; niru.gyan@googlemail.com; Schladweiler.mette@epa.gov; mayer@helmholtz-muenchen.de; behnke@helmholtz-muenchen.de; Kodavanti.Urmila@epamail.epa.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 34 DI 10.1186/1743-8977-6-34 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 546MJ UT WOS:000273814600001 PM 20028532 ER PT J AU Nelson, GM Ahlborn, GJ Allen, JW Ren, HZ Corton, JC Waalkes, MP Kitchin, KT Diwan, BA Knapp, G Delker, DA AF Nelson, Gail M. Ahlborn, Gene J. Allen, James W. Ren, Hongzu Corton, J. Christopher Waalkes, Michael P. Kitchin, Kirk T. Diwan, Bhalchandra A. Knapp, Geremy Delker, Don A. TI Transcriptional changes associated with reduced spontaneous liver tumor incidence in mice chronically exposed to high dose arsenic SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sodium arsenite; C3H mouse; In utero; Liver tumor; Gene expression ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; COA DESATURASE-1 SCD1; DRINKING-WATER; IN-UTERO; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; HISTONE ACETYLATION; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Exposure of male C3H mice in utero (from gestational days 8-18) to 85 ppm sodium arsenite via the dams' drinking water has previously been shown to increase liver tumor incidence by 2 years of age. However, in our companion study (Ahlborn et al., 2009), continuous exposure to 85 ppm sodium arsenic (from gestational day 8 to postnatal day 365) did not result in increased tumor incidence, but rather in a significant reduction (0% tumor incidence). The purpose of the present study was to examine the gene expression responses that may lead to the apparent protective effect of continuous arsenic exposure. Genes in many functional categories including cellular growth and proliferation, gene expression, cell death, oxidative stress, protein ubiquitination, and mitochondrial dysfunction were altered by continuous arsenic treatment. Many of these genes are known to be involved in liver cancer. One such gene associated with rodent hepatocarcinogenesis, Scd1, encodes stearoyl-CoA desaturase and was down-regulated by continuous arsenic treatment. An overlap between the genes in our study affected by continuous arsenic exposure and those from the literature affected by long-term caloric restriction suggests that reduction in the spontaneous tumor incidence under both conditions may involve similar gene pathways such as fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis, and stress response. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Nelson, Gail M.; Ahlborn, Gene J.; Allen, James W.; Ren, Hongzu; Corton, J. Christopher; Kitchin, Kirk T.; Knapp, Geremy; Delker, Don A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ren, Hongzu; Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, NHEERL Toxicogenom Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Waalkes, Michael P.] NIEHS, NCI, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Diwan, Bhalchandra A.] SAIC Frederick Inc, Basic Sci Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Delker, DA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, SOM 4R118,30 North,1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM don.delker@hsc.utah.edu FU NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX This research was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. The authors would like to thank Dr. Julian Preston, Dr. Susan Hester and Dr. Shaeau-Fung Thai for their helpful support, suggestions, and data/manuscript reviews. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 266 IS 1-3 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.004 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 536LN UT WOS:000273046000002 PM 19822182 ER PT J AU Jeffries, CD Ward, WO Perkins, DO Wright, FA AF Jeffries, Clark D. Ward, William O. Perkins, Diana O. Wright, Fred A. TI Discovering collectively informative descriptors from high-throughput experiments SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA; IN-VIVO; CANCER; IDENTIFICATION; CARCINOMAS; MICRORNAS; MOLECULES; DISEASE; OMNIBUS AB Background: Improvements in high-throughput technology and its increasing use have led to the generation of many highly complex datasets that often address similar biological questions. Combining information from these studies can increase the reliability and generalizability of results and also yield new insights that guide future research. Results: This paper describes a novel algorithm called BLANKET for symmetric analysis of two experiments that assess informativeness of descriptors. The experiments are required to be related only in that their descriptor sets intersect substantially and their definitions of case and control are consistent. From resulting lists of n descriptors ranked by informativeness, BLANKET determines shortlists of descriptors from each experiment, generally of different lengths p and q. For any pair of shortlists, four numbers are evident: the number of descriptors appearing in both shortlists, in exactly one shortlist, or in neither shortlist. From the associated contingency table, BLANKET computes Right Fisher Exact Test (RFET) values used as scores over a plane of possible pairs of shortlist lengths [1,2]. BLANKET then chooses a pair or pairs with RFET score less than a threshold; the threshold depends upon n and shortlist length limits and represents a quality of intersection achieved by less than 5% of random lists. Conclusions: Researchers seek within a universe of descriptors some minimal subset that collectively and efficiently predicts experimental outcomes. Ideally, any smaller subset should be insufficient for reliable prediction and any larger subset should have little additional accuracy. As a method, BLANKET is easy to conceptualize and presents only moderate computational complexity. Many existing databases could be mined using BLANKET to suggest optimal sets of predictive descriptors. C1 [Jeffries, Clark D.] Univ N Carolina, Eshelman Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Jeffries, Clark D.] Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ward, William O.] US EPA, NHEERL Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Perkins, Diana O.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Jeffries, CD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Eshelman Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM clark_jeffries@med.unc.edu; Ward.William@epamail.epa.gov; diana_perkins@unc.edu; fwright@bios.unc.edu FU Stanley Medical Research Foundation [08R-1978]; NIH [5P01ES014635-02, 2R01GM066940-05A1] FX This paper reflects several enhancements prompted by critical review of an earlier version; the authors thank the reviewers. Support for our research has included grants from an Anonymous Donor, Stanley Medical Research Foundation grant 08R-1978 "Herpesviruses in Schizophrenia Risk," NIH grant 5P01ES014635-02 "The System of Response to DNA Damage Suppresses Environmental Melanomagenesis," and NIH grant 2R01GM066940-05A1 "Predictive QSAR Modeling." The content is solely the responsibility of the authors, not the funding institutions. This article was reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 431 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-10-431 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 551FL UT WOS:000274192100001 PM 20021653 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF AF Hughes, Michael F. TI Arsenic Methylation, Oxidative Stress and Cancer-Is There a Link? SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; F344 RATS; METABOLISM; MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; MECHANISMS; TRIVALENT; TOXICITY; CELLS C1 US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 16 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 24 BP 1660 EP 1661 DI 10.1093/jnci/djp437 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 534YL UT WOS:000272933400001 PM 19933940 ER PT J AU Kong, LJ Tedrow, O Chan, YF Zepp, RG AF Kong, Lingjun Tedrow, O'Niell Chan, Yau Fong (Kyle) Zepp, Richard G. TI Light-Initiated Transformations of Fullerenol in Aqueous Media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE FULLERENES; SINGLET OXYGEN; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; C-60 FULLEROL; SUSPENSIONS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; COMPILATION; MECHANISMS; PHOTOLYSIS; STABILITY AB We provide the first evidence that a fullerene derivative can be extensively mineralized under environmental conditions by direct photolysis. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was identified as a major photoproduct of fullerenol, a hydroxylated C(60) molecule and the ratio of moles DIC produced to moles of fullerenol reacted reached 28 or approximately 47% of complete mineralization on extensive irradiation by simulated solar radiation. The direct photoreaction kinetics of fullerenol in dilute aqueous solution can be described by pH-dependent biexponential rate expressions. This photoreaction slowed by a factor of 2 in nitrogen-saturated water. The oxygen dependence is attributed to photoinduced electron or hydrogen atom transfer from fullerenol to oxygen to produce superoxide ions with a quantum yield of 6.2 x 10(-4). Fullerenol can photosensitize the production of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in dilute aqueous solution with quantum yields ranging from 0.10 in acidic water to 0.05 in neutral and basic solution. However our results indicate that chemical reactions involving diffusive encounters between (1)O(2) or superoxide and fullerenol are too slow to significantly contribute to the fast component of fullerenol photoreaction in sunlight. The pH dependence of the direct and sensitized photoreactions is attributed to changes in intramolecular hemiketal formation in fullerenol. C1 [Kong, Lingjun] US EPA, NERL ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tedrow, O'Niell; Chan, Yau Fong (Kyle)] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Student Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kong, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, NERL ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM zepp.richard@epa.gov NR 38 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9155 EP 9160 DI 10.1021/es901839q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500021 PM 20000505 ER PT J AU Papasavva, S Luecken, DJ Waterland, RL Taddonio, KN Andersen, SO AF Papasavva, Stella Luecken, Deborah J. Waterland, Robert L. Taddonio, Kristen N. Andersen, Stephen O. TI Estimated 2017 Refrigerant Emissions of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) in the United States Resulting from Automobile Air Conditioning SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CF3CF=CH2 AB In response to recent regulations and concern over climate change,the global automotive community is evaluating alternatives to the current refrigerant used in automobile air conditioning units, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a. One potential alternative is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf, also known as HFO-1234yf). We have developed a spatially and temporally resolved inventory of likely future HFC refrigerant emissions from the U.S. vehicle fleet in 2017, considering regular, irregular, servicing, and end-of-life leakages. We estimate the annual leak rate emissions for each leakage category for a projected 2017 U.S. vehicle fleet by state, and spatially apportion these leaks to a 36 km square grid over the continental United States. This projected inventory is a necessary first step in analyzing for potential atmospheric and ecosystem effects, such as ozone and trifluoroacetic acid production, that might result from widespread replacement of HFC-134a with HFC-1234yf. C1 [Papasavva, Stella] Stella Papasavva Consulting, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. [Luecken, Deborah J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Waterland, Robert L.] EI du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Taddonio, Kristen N.; Andersen, Stephen O.] US EPA, Washington, DE 19805 USA. RP Papasavva, S (reprint author), Stella Papasavva Consulting, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. EM greengem09@gmail.com NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9252 EP 9259 DI 10.1021/es902124u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500035 PM 20000517 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Nde, C Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Jang, Hyeung-Jin Nde, Chantal Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Microarray Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Revealed Induction of Iron Acquisition Related Genes in Response to Hydrogen Peroxide. SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE-STRESS-RESPONSE; UPTAKE REGULATION PROTEIN; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PE-PGRS PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BINDING PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AB Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain Pasteur 1173P2 responds with adaptive and protective strategies against oxidative stress. Despite advances in our understanding of the responses to oxidative stress in many specific cases,the connectivity between targeted protective genes and the rest of cell metabolism remains obscure. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the genome-wide response of M. bovis BCG to hydrogen peroxide after 10 and 60 min of treatment. ATP measurements were carried out in order to monitor the changes in M. bovis BCG growth over a 1 h period. The furA gene in Mycobacterium bovis, a pleiotropic regulator that couples iron metabolism to the oxidative stress response was involved in the response to hydrogen peroxide stress. There were also increased levels of catalase/peroxidase (KatG) and the biosynthesis operon of mycobactin. This study revealed significant upregulation of the oxidative response group of M. bovis, amino acid transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, DNA replication, recombination and repair, and downregulation of cell cycle control, mitosis, and meiosis, lipid transport and metabolism, and cell wall/membrane biogenesis. This study shows that the treatment of M. bovis BCG with hydrogen peroxide induces iron acquisition related genes and oxidative stress response genes within one hour of treatment C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Jang, Hyeung-Jin] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Biochem, Coll Oriental Med, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Nde, Chantal; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [T-83284001-2]; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX This research is supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Grant No. T-83284001-2. Although the research described in this paper has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA; nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of recommendation of use. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9465 EP 9472 DI 10.1021/es902255q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500067 PM 19924887 ER PT J AU Anderson, RH Farrar, DB Thoms, SR AF Anderson, R. H. Farrar, D. B. Thoms, S. R. TI Application of discriminant analysis with clustered data to determine anthropogenic metals contamination SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; Discriminant analysis; Finite mixtures; Model-based clustering; Environmental site assessment; Metal contamination ID SPATIAL ASSESSMENT; COMPLEX SOURCES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SOIL PROFILES; GEOCHEMISTRY; POLLUTION; SPAIN; AREAS; SITE AB Environmental site assessments involve, among other things, characterization of the nature and extent of contamination. In general, environmental assessors are interested in empirical methodologies that can be applied to a broad range of environmental media (e.g., soils, sediments, etc.) and situations. To date, no unified guidance has been adopted, and site investigations usually involve a tiered process with multiple analyses. We propose a multivariate analysis methodology utilizing discriminant analysis with clustered chemical concentrations as a novel application to environmental site assessments that determine, in relative order of magnitude, contaminated chemicals. Finite mixture models are presented as a means to assess latent chemical clusters with some basis in statistical inference. The methodology is illustrated with a typical localized data set containing total metal and metalloid (i.e., chemical) concentrations, extracted from bulk soil collected from reference and site-related locations, obtained from a former military installation in the southeast United Sates. The illustration is particularly applicable because site-related soils inherently possessed higher background chemical levels than reference soils, which biased conventional analyses. However, contrasting chemical compositions were inferred within site-related samples illustrating the versatility of the proposed methodology. Using these results along with known information regarding the history of contamination at the site, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of contaminated chemicals was made. Results are intended for illustration purposes only and are discussed within the context of environmental site assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Anderson, R. H.; Farrar, D. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Thoms, S. R.] US EPA, Superfund Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, RH (reprint author), 26 W Martin Luther King MS A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM anderson.hunter@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA); U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was Supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USEPA. We especially thank the Fort McClellan Base Closure Team, J.E. Bentkowski with U.S. EPA for his help with the geological descriptions, and James Bond, a senior GIS analyst with Shaw Environmental, for his help with Site soils map. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 408 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526XP UT WOS:000272329700006 PM 19819526 ER PT J AU Martinovic, D Villeneuve, DL Kahl, MD Blake, LS Brodin, JD Ankley, GT AF Martinovic, Dalma Villeneuve, Daniel L. Kahl, Michael D. Blake, Lindsey S. Brodin, Jeffrey D. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Hypoxia alters gene expression in the gonads of zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reproduction; Zebrafish; Hypoxia; Gene expression; Microarray ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ADULT ZEBRAFISH; ESTUARINE FISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST FISH AB The objectives of this study were to characterize gene expression responses to hypoxia in gonads of mature zebrafish (Danio rerio), and to start characterizing modes of action by which hypoxia could potentially alter reproduction. Adult male and female zebrafish were maintained under normoxia (7 mg O(2)/L), moderate hypoxia (3 mg O(2)/L), and severe hypoxia (1 mg O(2)/L) for 4 and 14 days and changes in gene expression in gonadal tissues (n = 5 per sex per treatment) were evaluated using a commercial 21,000 gene zebrafish oligonucleotide microarray. Differentially expressed genes were determined using ANOVA (p < 0.05), and enriched gene ontology (GO) categories (p < 0.01) identified using GeneSpring GX software. Short-term (4 d) exposure to hypoxia affected expression of genes associated with the initial adaptive responses such as: metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, nucleotide metabolism, haemoglobin synthesis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and locomotion. Prolonged (14 d) hypoxia affected a suite of genes belonging to different GO categories: lipid metabolism, reproduction (e.g., steroid hormone synthesis), and immune responses. Results of the present study demonstrate that reproduction likely would be affected by hypoxia via multiple modes of action. These include previously hypothesized mechanisms such as modulation of expression of steroidogenic genes, and downregulation of serotonergic pathway. In addition, we propose that there are multiple other points of disruption of reproductive system function linked, for example, to reorganization of lipid transport and other mechanisms involved in responding to hypoxia (e.g., hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase alterations, downregulation of contractile elements, etc.). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinovic, Dalma; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Kahl, Michael D.; Blake, Lindsey S.; Brodin, Jeffrey D.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Martinovic, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Martinovic.Daima@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU Computational Toxicology Research Initiative; U.S. Environmental Agency; Office of Science Council and Policy FX This work was supported by the Computational Toxicology Research Initiative sponsored within the Office of Research and Development of the U.S. Environmental Agency, and from the Office of Science Council and Policy within the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances. NR 61 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC 13 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 4 BP 258 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.08.021 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 537HH UT WOS:000273103400002 PM 18977541 ER PT J AU Elliott, EM Kendall, C Boyer, EW Burns, DA Lear, GG Golden, HE Harlin, K Bytnerowicz, A Butler, TJ Glatz, R AF Elliott, E. M. Kendall, C. Boyer, E. W. Burns, D. A. Lear, G. G. Golden, H. E. Harlin, K. Bytnerowicz, A. Butler, T. J. Glatz, R. TI Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOx source contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; PASSIVE SAMPLER; UNITED-STATES; AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MAJOR HIGHWAY; ALPINE LAKES; FRESH-WATER; AMBIENT AIR; DIOXIDE AB Dry deposition is a major component of total atmospheric nitrogen deposition and thus an important source of bioavailable nitrogen to ecosystems. However, relative to wet deposition, less is known regarding the sources and spatial variability of dry deposition. This is in part due to difficulty in measuring dry deposition and associated deposition velocities. Passive sampling techniques offer potential for improving our understanding of the spatial distribution and sources of gaseous and aerosol N species, referred to here as dry deposition. We report dual nitrate isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) in actively collected dry and wet deposition across the high-deposition region of Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. We also present results from initial tests to examine the efficacy of using passive nitric acid collectors as a collection medium for isotopic analysis at a site in New York. Isotopic values in actively collected dry deposition, including particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid, are compared with those in wet nitrate deposition and surrounding NOx emission sources. delta N-15 values in dry and wet fractions are highest at the westernmost sites and lowest at the easternmost sites, and stationary source NOx emissions (e. g., power plants and incinerators) appear to be the primary control on delta N-15 spatial variability. In contrast, delta O-18 values show a less consistent spatial pattern in dry deposition. Both delta N-15 and delta O-18 show strong seasonality, with higher values in winter than summer. Seasonal variations in stationary source NOx emissions appear to be the most likely explanation for seasonal variations in delta N-15, whereas seasonal variations in air temperature and solar radiation indicate variable chemical oxidation pathways control delta O-18 patterns. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of passive samplers for collecting the nitric acid (HNO3) component of dry deposition suitable for isotopic analysis. We observe slight differences in delta N-15-HNO3 values between simultaneous samples collected actively and passively (0.6%). However, we observe a larger offset in delta O-18 values between actively and passively collected samples; the causes for this offset warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, passive sample collection represents a significant cost savings over active sampling techniques and could allow a more extensive understanding of patterns of dry deposition and associated insights to nitrogen sources across landscapes. C1 [Elliott, E. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Elliott, E. M.; Kendall, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boyer, E. W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Burns, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lear, G. G.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Golden, H. E.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Harlin, K.] Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Cent Analyt Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Bytnerowicz, A.] US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Butler, T. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Butler, T. J.] Cornell Univ, Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Elliott, EM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC,4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM eelliott@pitt.edu RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513; FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey FX We gratefully acknowledge laboratory assistance from Cecily Chang, Mark Rollog, and Steve Silva. We also thank Scott Wankel for his laboratory assistance and work with the microbial denitrifier method. We thank Michael Brown for his assistance in deployment of the passive samplers and in determining concentrations of eluted passive samples, and Dan Bain for his assistance with GIS. We are grateful to the CASTNET (MACTEC) and NADP staff for their cooperation in this study and assistance with receiving archived samples for isotopic analysis. We appreciate review comments from Robert Vet, Scott Wankel, and two anonymous reviewers that substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the U. S. Geological Survey; we are especially grateful to Ellen Burkhard, Rick Carlton, and Mark Watson for their interest in this work and support of this effort. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G04020 DI 10.1029/2008JG000889 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 532AJ UT WOS:000272715100001 ER PT J AU Sinsabaugh, RL Hill, BH Shah, JJF AF Sinsabaugh, Robert L. Hill, Brian H. Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad TI Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; THEORETICAL-MODEL; METABOLIC THEORY; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CARBON BUDGET; GLOBAL-SCALE; TEMPERATURE; TERRESTRIAL; LIMITATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Biota can be described in terms of elemental composition, expressed as an atomic ratio of carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus (refs 1-3). The elemental stoichiometry of microoorganisms is fundamental for understanding the production dynamics and biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems because microbial biomass is the trophic base of detrital food webs(4-6). Here we show that heterotrophic microbial communities of diverse composition from terrestrial soils and freshwater sediments share a common functional stoichiometry in relation to organic nutrient acquisition. The activities of four enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of assimilable products from the principal environmental sources of C, N and P show similar scaling relationships over several orders of magnitude, with a mean ratio for C: N: P activities near 1:1:1 in all habitats. We suggest that these ecoenzymatic ratios reflect the equilibria between the elemental composition of microbial biomass and detrital organic matter and the efficiencies of microbial nutrient assimilation and growth. Because ecoenzymatic activities intersect the stoichiometric and metabolic theories of ecology(7-9), they provide a functional measure of the threshold at which control of community metabolism shifts from nutrient to energy flow. C1 [Sinsabaugh, Robert L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Sinsabaugh, RL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rlsinsab@unm.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0630558] FX J.J.F.S. was supported by the National Science Foundation (DBI-0630558). NR 30 TC 166 Z9 180 U1 37 U2 297 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7274 BP 795 EP U117 DI 10.1038/nature08632 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529ZZ UT WOS:000272559900040 PM 20010687 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Barraza-Villarreal, A Escamilla-Nunez, C Texcalac-Sangrador, JL Hernandez-Cadena, L Diaz-Sanchez, D De Batlle, J Del Rio-Navarro, BE AF Romieu, Isabelle Barraza-Villarreal, Albino Escamilla-Nunez, Consuelo Texcalac-Sangrador, Jose L. Hernandez-Cadena, Leticia Diaz-Sanchez, David De Batlle, Jordi Del Rio-Navarro, Blanca E. TI Dietary intake, lung function and airway inflammation in Mexico City school children exposed to air pollutants SO RESPIRATORY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; REDUCED ASTHMA; SCHOOLCHILDREN; CONSUMPTION; POLLUTION; PATTERN; ADULTS AB Introduction: Air pollutant exposure has been associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and a decline in lung function in asthmatic children. Several studies suggest that dietary intake of fruits and vegetables might modify the adverse effect of air pollutants. Methods: A total of 158 asthmatic children recruited at the Children's Hospital of Mexico and 50 non-asthmatic children were followed for 22 weeks. Pulmonary function was measured and nasal lavage collected and analyzed every 2 weeks. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 108-item food frequency questionnaire and a fruit and vegetable index (FVI) and a Mediterranean diet index (MDI) were constructed. The impact of these indices on lung function and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and their interaction with air pollutants were determined using mixed regression models with random intercept and random slope. Results: FVI was inversely related to IL-8 levels in nasal lavage (p < 0.02) with a significant inverse trend (test for trend p < 0.001), MDI was positively related to lung function (p < 0.05), and children in the highest category of MDI had a higher FEV1 (test for trend p < 0.12) and FVC (test for trend p < 0.06) than children in the lowest category. A significant interaction was observed between FVI and ozone for FEV1 and FVC as was with MDI and ozone for FVC. No effect of diet was observed among healthy children. Conclusion: Our results suggest that fruit and vegetable intake and close adherence to the Mediterranean diet have a beneficial effect on inflammatory response and lung function in asthmatic children living in Mexico City. C1 [Romieu, Isabelle; Barraza-Villarreal, Albino; Escamilla-Nunez, Consuelo; Texcalac-Sangrador, Jose L.; Hernandez-Cadena, Leticia] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [De Batlle, Jordi] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona, Spain. [De Batlle, Jordi] CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain. [Del Rio-Navarro, Blanca E.] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. EM iromieu@correo.insp.mx; abarraza@correo.insp.mx; consueloescamilla@yahoo.com.mx; jtexcalac@gmail.com; lhcadena@correo.insp.mx; diaz-sanchez.david@epamail.epa.gov; jdebatlle@creal.cat; blancadelrio@yahoo.com.mx RI de batlle, jordi/G-6724-2016 OI de batlle, jordi/0000-0003-3500-6608 FU Mexican Sciences and Technology Council (CONACYT) [38911-M]; Mexican Ministry of Health [2002-C01-7624] FX The authors thank the school children who took part in the study, the personnel who carried out the field work and Garth Evans for his editorial assistance. The study was supported by Mexican Sciences and Technology Council (CONACYT) Grant No. 38911-M and the Mexican Ministry of Health Grant No. 2002-C01-7624. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-9921 J9 RESP RES JI Respir. Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 122 DI 10.1186/1465-9921-10-122 PG 12 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 546MR UT WOS:000273815400001 PM 20003306 ER PT J AU Svendsen, ER Gonzales, M Ross, M Neas, LM AF Svendsen, Erik R. Gonzales, Melissa Ross, Mary Neas, Lucas M. TI Variability in childhood allergy and asthma across ethnicity, language, and residency duration in El Paso, Texas: a cross-sectional study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DEL-NORTE OZONE; ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE MATTER; MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; CIUDAD-JUAREZ; HISPANIC CHILDREN; AIR-POLLUTION; PUERTO-RICAN; DESERT ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE AB Background: We evaluated the impact of migration to the USA-Mexico border city of El Paso, Texas (USA), parental language preference, and Hispanic ethnicity on childhood asthma to differentiate between its social and environmental determinants. Methods: Allergy and asthma prevalence was surveyed among 9797 fourth and fifth grade children enrolled in the El Paso Independent School District. Parents completed a respiratory health questionnaire, in either English or Spanish, and a sub-sample of children received spirometry testing at their school. Here we report asthma and allergy outcomes across ethnicity and El Paso residency duration. Results: Asthma and allergy prevalence increased with longer duration of El Paso residency independent of ethnicity and preferred language. Compared with immigrants who arrived in El Paso after entering first grade (18%), lifelong El Paso residents (68%) had more prevalent allergy (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.32-2.24), prevalent asthma (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.24-2.46), and current asthma (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.37-2.95). Spirometric measurements (FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75) also declined with increasing duration of El Paso residency (0.16% and 0.35% annual reduction, respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that a community-wide environmental exposure in El Paso, delayed pulmonary development, or increased health of immigrants may be associated with allergy and asthma development in children raised there. C1 [Svendsen, Erik R.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gonzales, Melissa] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ross, Mary] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Neas, Lucas M.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Svendsen, ER (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM svendsee@mailbox.sc.edu; MGonzales@salud.unm.edu; Ross.Mary@epamail.epa.gov; neas.lucas@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 FU NIH/NIEHS [05K01-ES014003] FX The study and the authors' time on this manuscript were funded with an intramural research award from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Melissa Gonzales time was also funded by NIH/NIEHS grant number 05K01-ES014003. The authors would like to acknowledge the support and cooperation of the El Paso Independent School District, their principals, teachers, and school nurses. We are indebted to Dr. Monica Nees for her detailed review of this manuscript. Completion of this study would not have been possible without the tireless dedication of Debra Walsh, Ed Hudgens, and Scott Rhoney. These findings do not necessarily reflect the policy of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. All authors reviewed and approved the last version. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD DEC 8 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 55 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-8-55 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 536LA UT WOS:000273044700001 PM 19995440 ER PT J AU Lighthart, B Shaffer, BT Frisch, AS Paterno, D AF Lighthart, Bruce Shaffer, Brenda T. Frisch, A. Shelby Paterno, Dorothea TI Atmospheric culturable bacteria associated with meteorological conditions at a summer-time site in the mid-Willamette Valley, Oregon SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Airborne; Bacteria; Atmospheric; Concentration; Principal component analysis; Cluster analysis ID AIRBORNE BACTERIA; DIVERSE; URBAN AB A set of simultaneously collected quantitative measurements of 12 meteorological and 6 culturable atmospheric bacterial (CAB) variables was made over a grass seed field during several early, mid, and late summer days. The observation site was located between the Cascade and Coastal Mountain Ranges near Corvallis in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Principal component analysis identified those meteorological variables that had the highest loadings in six eigenvectors that account for 95.9% of variation in the data factors, i.e., temperature @ 6.3 m above ground level (AGL), wind velocity @ 10.0 m AGL, wind velocity difference @ 1.7-10.0 m, barometric pressure, wind direction standard deviation, and wind direction. When these variables were used in a cluster analysis, they formed three statistically distinct meteorological variable clusters with means at ca. "midnight'', ca. "midday'', and ca. "evening.'' The highest mean density of CAB (i.e., 153.4 +/- 162.5 CFU/m(3)) was associated with the "midday'' meteorological Cluster-1 that had warm, dry "gentle breezes'' from the southeast, in the relatively bacteria loaded Willamette Valley air. The lowest mean density of CAB (i.e., 35.5 +/- 24.1 CFU/m(3)) was associated with meteorological Cluster-3 in the late afternoon and "evening'' occurring during the hottest and driest part of the day with "fresh breezes'' coming from the north northwest in air off the Pacific Ocean. Finally, the last cluster, Cluster-2 occurred about midnight and had an intermediate density of CAB (74.2 +/- 76.2 CFU/m(3)) in "light air'' coming from the northwest, perhaps off the Pacific Ocean. The CAB associated with each of the three meteorological clusters was only partially statistically distinct. Partially because the CAB in both the Pacific Ocean derived air masses of the "evening'' Cluster-3 and "midnight'' Cluster-2 were not statically separable, though both were statistically separable from the midday, Willamette Valley derived Cluster-1. Further indicating their common source, both Pacific Ocean derived air masses had very similar percentages of pigmented bacteria, which were dissimilar to the pigmented bacterial population density in the Willamette Valley air masses. In short, it is speculated that "midnight'' atmosphere may simply contain the settling concentrated residual bacterial particles in the abated fresh Pacific Ocean breezes after sundown. It is clearly shown that with the methods employed, it is possible to associate the uniqueness of the quantity, and to a lesser extent the quality, of the CAB population with the atmospheric conditions reported herein. From this project comes speculation that the strategies relating the quasi-conservative bacterial populations associated with distinct but nonconservative air mass properties can help to better understand more of the bacterial dynamics found in such situations. And to a further extent, molecular biological methods could be applied to identify bacterial taxa in specific air masses. C1 [Shaffer, Brenda T.] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Frisch, A. Shelby] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Paterno, Dorothea] R&T US ARMY, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lighthart, B (reprint author), 10975 Doll Rd, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA. EM Bruce@Lighthart.us NR 24 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s10453-009-9133-7 PG 11 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UW UT WOS:000271197300009 ER PT J AU Matte, TD Cohen, A Dimmick, F Samet, J Sarnat, J Yip, F Jones, N AF Matte, Thomas D. Cohen, Aaron Dimmick, Fred Samet, Jonathan Sarnat, Jeremy Yip, Fuyuen Jones, Nicholas TI Summary of the workshop on methodologies for environmental public health tracking of air pollution effects SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Environmental exposure; Population surveillance; Public health; Air pollution AB The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) program to support state and local projects that characterize the impact of the environment on health. The projects involve compiling, linking, analyzing, and disseminating environmental and health surveillance information, thereby engaging stakeholders and guiding actions to improve public health. One of the EPHT objectives is to track the public health impact of ambient air pollution with analyses that are timely and relevant to state and local stakeholders. To address methodological issues relevant to this objective, in January 2008, government officials and researchers from the USA, Canada, and Europe gathered in Baltimore, Maryland for a 2-day workshop. Using commissioned papers and presentations on key methodological issues as well as examples of previous air pollution impact assessments, work group discussions produced a set of consensus recommendations for the EPHT program. These recommendations noted the need for data that will encourage local stakeholders to support continued progress in air pollution control. The limitations of using only local data for analyses were also noted. To improve local estimates of air pollution health impacts, methods were recommended that "borrow strength" from other evidence. An incremental approach to implementing such methods was recommended. The importance and difficulty of communicating uncertainties in local health impact assessments was emphasized, as was the need for coordination among different agencies conducting health impact assessments. C1 [Matte, Thomas D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cohen, Aaron] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Dimmick, Fred] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Samet, Jonathan] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sarnat, Jeremy] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yip, Fuyuen] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Nicholas] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matte, TD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tmatte@health.nyc.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s11869-009-0059-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25HT UT WOS:000208469800001 ER PT J AU Talbot, TO Haley, VB Dimmick, WF Paulu, C Talbott, EO Rager, J AF Talbot, Thomas O. Haley, Valerie B. Dimmick, W. Fred Paulu, Chris Talbott, Evelyn O. Rager, Judy TI Developing consistent data and methods to measure the public health impacts of ambient air quality for Environmental Public Health Tracking: progress to date and future directions SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Environmental Public Health Tracking; EPHT; Ozone; PM2.5; Asthma; Myocardial infarction AB Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) staff at the state and national levels are developing nationally consistent data and methods to estimate the impact of ozone and fine particulate matter on hospitalizations for asthma and myocardial infarction. Pilot projects have demonstrated the feasibility of pooling state hospitalization data and linking these data to The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistically based ambient air estimates for ozone and fine particulates. Tools were developed to perform case-crossover analyses to estimate concentration-response (C-R) functions. A weakness of analyzing one state at a time is that the effects are relatively small compared to their confidence intervals. The EPHT program will explore ways to statistically combine the results of peer-reviewed analyses from across the country to provide more robust C-R functions and health impact estimates at the local level. One challenge will be to routinely share data for these types of analyses at fine geographic and temporal scales without disclosing confidential information. Another challenge will be to develop C-R estimates which take into account time, space, or other relevant effect modifiers. C1 [Talbot, Thomas O.; Haley, Valerie B.] Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, New York State Dept Hlth, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dimmick, W. Fred] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paulu, Chris] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Program, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Paulu, Chris] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Occupat Hlth Program, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Talbott, Evelyn O.; Rager, Judy] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Talbot, TO (reprint author), Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, New York State Dept Hlth, 547 River St Room 200, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM tot01@health.state.ny.us; vbh03@health.state.ny.us; Dimmick.Fred@epamail.epa.gov; Chris.Paulu@maine.gov; eot1@pitt.edu; jnrst8@pitt.edu OI Talbott, Evelyn/0000-0002-5198-7939 FU US Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grants for Environmental Public Health Tracking [U50/CCU422440, 5U38EH000184] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grants U50/CCU422440 and 5U38EH000184 for Environmental Public Health Tracking. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s11869-009-0043-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25HT UT WOS:000208469800003 PM 20098503 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR Shi, M AF Weinberg, Clarice R. Shi, Min TI The Genetics of Preterm Birth: Using What We Know to Design Better Association Studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE association analysis; genetics; logistic model; log-linear model; models; statistical; power comparisons; premature birth; study design ID PATERNAL FACTORS; DELIVERY; RISK; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT; GENES; FETAL; RECURRENCE; COHORT; TRIADS AB Women delivering preterm are at greatly increased risk of another preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies, reflecting effects of the environment, genetics, or both. Recent literature tells an increasingly coherent story about genetic susceptibility. Women who change partners after delivering preterm retain their elevated risk, whereas fathers who change partners do not. Women who themselves were preterm are at increased risk, an association not seen in fathers. Women with a half-sister who delivered preterm are at increased risk only if the shared parent was the mother. Concordance for preterm delivery is elevated in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twin mothers but not in monozygotic twin fathers. Several mechanisms could be operating: mitochondrial genes, maternal genes, or fetal genes expressing only the maternally derived copy. The authors compare 3 study designs for their ability to detect variants and to distinguish among mechanisms underlying heritability of this common outcome. The case-parent triad design offers robustness against self-selection and genetic population stratification, providing for estimation of genetic effects that are fetal, maternal, or that depend on the parent of origin. A case-base approach compares case-mothers with randomly sampled baby-mother pairs and permits estimation of the same relative risk parameters. Both designs offer important advantages over the commonly applied case-mother/control-mother design. C1 [Weinberg, Clarice R.; Shi, Min] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Mail Drop A3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinber2@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES040007] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES040007). NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 11 BP 1373 EP 1381 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp325 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 523JR UT WOS:000272069900006 PM 19854804 ER PT J AU Klocker, CA Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Morgan, RP AF Klocker, Carolyn A. Kaushal, Sujay S. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Morgan, Raymond P. TI Nitrogen uptake and denitrification in restored and unrestored streams in urban Maryland, USA SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aging infrastructure; Chesapeake Bay; Eutrophication; Wetlands; Stormwater management; Sustainability; Low impact development; Ground water ID OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; LOWLAND STREAMS; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIVER NITROGEN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITRATE AB There is growing interest in rates of nitrate uptake and denitrification in restored streams to better understand the effects of restoration on nitrogen processing. This study quantified nitrate uptake in two restored and two unrestored streams in Baltimore, Maryland, USA using nitrate additions, denitrification enzyme assays, and a (15)N isotope tracer addition in one of the urban restored streams, Minebank Run. Restoration included either incorporation of stormwater ponds below a storm drain and catch basins to attenuate flow or hydrologic "reconnection" of a stream channel to its floodplain. Stream restoration was conducted for restoring aging sanitary and bridge infrastructure and introducing some stormwater management in watersheds developed prior to current regulations. Denitrification potential in sediments was variable across streams, whereas nitrate uptake length appeared to be significantly correlated to surface water velocity, which was low in the restored streams during summer baseflow conditions. Uptake length of NO(3) (-)-N in Minebank Run estimated by (15)N tracer addition was 556 m. Whole stream denitrification rates in Minebank Run were 153 mg NO(3) (-)-N m(-2) day(-1), and approximately 40% of the daily load of nitrate was estimated to be removed via denitrification over a distance of 220.5 m in a stream reach designed to be hydrologically "connected" to its floodplain. Increased hydrologic residence time in Minebank Run during baseflow likely influenced rates of whole stream denitrification, suggesting that hydrologic residence time may be a key factor influencing N uptake and denitrification. Restoration approaches that increase hydrologic "connectivity" with hyporheic sediments and increase hydrologic residence time may be useful for stimulating denitrification. More work is necessary, however, to examine changes in denitrification rates in restored streams across different seasons, variable N loads, and in response to the "flashy" hydrologic flow conditions during storms common in urban streams. C1 [Klocker, Carolyn A.; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Morgan, Raymond P.] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Kaushal, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM kaushal@cbl.umces.edu RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU Maryland Sea [SA7528085-U]; U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development [CR829676]; Maryland Water Resources Research Center; NSF Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER [DEB-9714835] FX Carolyn Klocker received graduate student support from the University of Maryland, College Park and Appalachian Laboratory. Pete Bogush, Tamara Newcomer, and Lauren McChesney provided assistance with field work. Ellen Moon, David Lewis, and Katie Kline provided assistance in the laboratory. Steve Stewart of Baltimore County DEPRM helped with selecting study sites and Bill Stack of Baltimore City DPW provided helpful discussions. Ed Doheny and Jon Dillow of the USGS provided hydrologic information. We thank Dr. Steve Thomas, Dr. Steve Hamilton, and Dr. Pat Mulholland for providing advice regarding the stable isotope tracer addition. This research was supported by Maryland Sea Grant award SA7528085-U, the U. S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development under cooperative agreement CR829676, a grant from the Maryland Water Resources Research Center, and the NSF Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER program (DEB-9714835). The research has not been subjected to US Environmental Protection Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. This is contribution number 4344 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 60 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 11 U2 79 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 411 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s00027-009-0118-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 512PD UT WOS:000271261300003 ER PT J AU Bash, JO Miller, DR AF Bash, Jesse O. Miller, David R. TI Growing season total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux measurements over an Acer rubrum L. stand SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemical cycling; Relaxed eddy accumulation; Micrometeorological fluxes; Mercury dry deposition; Natural mercury emissions ID RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION; SURFACE FLUXES; DRY DEPOSITION; METHYL MERCURY; FOREST CANOPY; TRACE GASES; EMISSIONS; EXCHANGE; WET; USA AB Relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) measurements of the total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux measurements were taken over a deciduous forest predominantly composed of Red Maple (Acer rubrum L) during the growing season of 2004 and the second half of the growing season of 2005. The magnitudes of the flux estimates were in the range of published results from other micrometeorological mercury fluxes taken above a tall canopy and larger than estimates from flux chambers. The magnitude and direction of the flux were not static during the growing season. There was a significant trend (p < 0.001), from net deposition of TGM in early summer to net evasion in the late summer and early fall before complete senescence. A growing season atmosphere-canopy total mercury (TGM) compensation point during unstable daytime conditions was estimated at background ambient concentrations (1.41 ng m(-3)). The trend in the seasonal net TGM flux indicates that long term dry deposition monitoring is needed to accurately estimate mercury loading over a forest ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bash, Jesse O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Miller, David R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bash, JO (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bash.jesse@epamail.epa.gov RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 FU University of Connecticut; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station FX We greatly appreciated assistance in the field from Luke Simmons and Kate Knight. This research was funded by the Connecticut River Airshed Watershed Consortium. Support was also received from the University of Connecticut, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors would like to thank the thoughtful suggestions provided by two anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 37 BP 5953 EP 5961 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 527IX UT WOS:000272361800011 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Pinder, RW Appel, KW Mathur, R Carlton, AG AF Sarwar, Golam Pinder, Robert W. Appel, K. Wyat Mathur, Rohit Carlton, Annmarie G. TI Examination of the impact of photoexcited NO2 chemistry on regional air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Excited NO2 chemistry; Ozone; Hydroxyl radical; Nitrous acid; Air quality model ID HYDROXYL RADICAL PRODUCTION; ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED NO2; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; NITROUS-ACID; VERSION 4.5; PART II; OZONE; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA; OH AB Impact of the excited nitrogen dioxide (NO2*) chemistry on air quality in the U.S. is examined using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for a summer month. Model simulations were conducted with and without the NO2* chemistry. The largest impact of the NO2* chemistry in the eastern U.S. occurred in the northeast and in the western U.S. occurred in Los Angeles. While the single largest daily maximum 8-h ozone (O-3) increased by 9 ppbv in eastern U.S. and 6 ppbv in western U.S., increases on most days were much lower. No appreciable change in model performance statistics for surface-level O-3 predictions relative to measurements is noted between simulations with and without the NO2* chemistry. Based on model calculations using current estimates of tropospheric emission burden, the NO chemistry can increase the monthly mean daytime hydroxyl radicals (OH) and nitrous acid (HONO) by a maximum of 28% and 100 pptv, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sarwar, Golam; Pinder, Robert W.; Appel, K. Wyat; Mathur, Rohit; Carlton, Annmarie G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 40 BP 6383 EP 6387 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.012 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 537XP UT WOS:000273147900013 ER PT J AU Pongsiri, MJ Roman, J Ezenwa, VO Goldberg, TL Koren, HS Newbold, SC Ostfeld, RS Pattanayak, SK Salkeld, DJ AF Pongsiri, Montira J. Roman, Joe Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Goldberg, Tony L. Koren, Hillel S. Newbold, Stephen C. Ostfeld, Richard S. Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. Salkeld, Daniel J. TI Biodiversity Loss Affects Global Disease Ecology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; emerging disease; vectorborne disease; public health; ecosystem services ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; INTERMEDIATE HOST; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; LAKE MALAWI; AVIAN HOST; RISK; DEFORESTATION; PREVALENCE AB Changes in the type and prevalence of human diseases have occurred during shifts in human social organization, for example, from hunting and gathering to agriculture and with urbanization during the Industrial Revolution. The recent emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases appears to be driven by globalization and ecological disruption. We propose that habitat destruction and biodiversity loss associated with biotic homogenization can increase the incidence and distribution of infectious diseases affecting humans. The clearest connection between biotic homogenization and infectious disease is the spread of nonindigenous vectors and pathogens. The loss of predators and hosts that dilute pathogen transmission can also increase the incidence of vectorborne illnesses. Other mechanisms include enhanced abiotic conditions for pathogens and vectors and higher host-pathogen encounter rates. Improved understanding of these causal mechanisms can inform decisionmaking on biodiversity conservation as an effective way to protect human health. C1 [Pongsiri, Montira J.; Koren, Hillel S.] US EPA, Off Sci Adviser, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ezenwa, Vanessa O.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Goldberg, Tony L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Koren, Hillel S.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Durham, NC USA. [Newbold, Stephen C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ostfeld, Richard S.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Salkeld, Daniel J.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pongsiri, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Adviser, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pongsiri.montira@epa.gov; jroman@uvm.edu FU Biodiversity and Human Health research initiative FX We thank Gary Foley for his technical review and support of the Biodiversity and Human Health research initiative at the US Environmental Protection Agency, which was launched at the 2006 Interdisciplinary Forum and Workshop on Biodiversity and Human Health at the Smithsonian Institution. We also thank Peter Jutro for his review and thoughtful comments on the manuscript. NR 67 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 95 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11 BP 945 EP 954 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.6 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 529UQ UT WOS:000272544700006 ER PT J AU Canter, DA Sgroi, TJ O'Connor, L Kempter, CJ AF Canter, Dorothy A. Sgroi, Thomas J. O'Connor, Laurel Kempter, Carlton J. TI SOURCE REDUCTION IN AN ANTHRAX-CONTAMINATED MAIL FACILITY SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Following the 2001 bioterrorist attacks using letters containing Bacillus anthracis spores, a number of sites had to be decontaminated. Source reduction-the process of reducing biocontamination levels prior to the main decontamination treatment-is a critical step in decontaminating buildings. Such activities include the removal of items from a facility either for off-site treatment and reuse or ultimate disposal, as well as the pretreatment of certain surfaces in the facility. In addition, waste disposal activities are initiated during the source reduction process and continued throughout the overall remediation process. This article presents the source reduction and waste disposal activities at the Department of State (DoS) Diplomatic Pouch and Mail Facility (SA-32) in Loudoun County, Virginia. At this facility, nearly all materials were removed before the fumigations with vaporized hydrogen peroxide. The materials that were removed from the site were divided into essential and nonessential items, and nonessential items were further categorized as recyclable or not recyclable. Removed materials were subjected to 5 different decontamination technologies, either before or after removal. The surfaces of large, fixed items and interior facility structures were pretreated and then fumigated. Environmental sampling was performed throughout the source reduction process for quality assurance purposes. The source reduction process lasted about 9 months and cost about $4.3 million. The overall remediation process took about 16 months and cost $8.6 million. C1 [Canter, Dorothy A.] Dorothy Canter Consulting LLC, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sgroi, Thomas J.] US Dept State, Bur Adm, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [O'Connor, Laurel] Battelle Eastern Sci & Technol Ctr, Test & Evaluat Grp, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Kempter, Carlton J.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Kempter, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Div 7510P, 1 Potomac Yard S Bldg,2777 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Kempter.Carlton@epamail.epa.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1089/bsp.2009.0028 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 535TO UT WOS:000272994400013 PM 20028249 ER PT J AU Marty, MS Allen, B Chapin, RE Cooper, R Daston, GP Flaws, JA Foster, PMD Makris, SL Mylchreest, E Sandler, D Tyl, RW AF Marty, M. S. Allen, B. Chapin, R. E. Cooper, R. Daston, G. P. Flaws, J. A. Foster, P. M. D. Makris, S. L. Mylchreest, E. Sandler, D. Tyl, R. W. TI Inter-Laboratory Control Data for Reproductive Endpoints Required in the OPPTS 870.3800/OECD 416 Reproduction and Fertility Test SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive toxicity; multi-generation; regulatory; test guideline; reproduction; fertility; endocrine ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; SEXUAL-MATURATION; SPERM PRODUCTION; FOLLICLE COUNTS; WISTAR RATS; TOXICITY; MOTILITY; PARAMETERS AB BACKGROUND: The U.S. EPA revised the Reproduction and Fertility Effects Test Guideline (OPPTS 870.3800/OECD 416) in 1998, adding numerous endpoints in an effort to incorporate new methodologies, improve the sensitivity for detecting reproductive toxicants, and more efficiently utilize study animals. Many of these new endpoints have not been used in regulatory reproductive toxicology studies prior to their inclusion in the test guidelines; thus, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) initiated the Reproductive Endpoints Project to examine the utility of these new endpoints. METHODS: This report provides a retrospective analysis of 43 multi-generation studies (16 in Wistar rats, 27 in Sprague-Dawley rats) conducted according to the latest version of the test guidelines. It focuses on vehicle (negative) control values (means and ranges) for the various endpoints to examine inter-laboratory variability. RESULTS: Based on the compiled data, the most variable endpoints across laboratories and their associated coefficients of variation (CV) for each generation were: percent abnormal sperm (166-205%), testicular spermatid concentration (126-147%), postimplantation loss (97-104%), primordial follicle counts (69%, only measured in P2 females), and epididymal sperm concentration (52-57%). Absolute and relative prostate and thymus weights, weanling uterine weights, and anogenital distance had CVs of 25-50%. Sources of variability included procedural differences between laboratories, inherent biological variability, and/or small sample sizes for some endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: These inter-laboratory control data provide a means for laboratories to review their performance on reproductive toxicity measures, and provide perspective for interpreting their own control data and data from treated animals. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 86:470-489, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Marty, M. S.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Allen, B.] Bruce Allen Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Chapin, R. E.] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT USA. [Cooper, R.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Daston, G. P.] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Flaws, J. A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Foster, P. M. D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Makris, S. L.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mylchreest, E.] DuPont Haskell Lab, Newark, DE USA. [Sandler, D.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Tyl, R. W.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Marty, MS (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, 1803 Bldg, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM mmarty@dow.com OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 SI SI BP 470 EP 489 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20208 PG 20 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 539RM UT WOS:000273275500007 PM 19918951 ER PT J AU Weaver, CP Liang, XZ Zhu, J Adams, PJ Amar, P Avise, J Caughey, M Chen, J Cohen, RC Cooter, E Dawson, JP Gilliam, R Gilliland, A Goldstein, AH Grambsch, A Grano, D Guenther, A Gustafson, WI Harley, RA He, S Hemming, B Hogrefe, C Huang, HC Hunt, SW Jacob, DJ Kinney, PL Kunkel, K Lamarque, JF Lamb, B Larkin, NK Leung, LR Liao, KJ Lin, JT Lynn, BH Manomaiphiboon, K Mass, C McKenzie, D Mickley, LJ O'Neill, SM Nolte, C Pandis, SN Racherla, PN Rosenzweig, C Russell, AG Salathe, E Steiner, AL Tagaris, E Tao, Z Tonse, S Wiedinmyer, C Williams, A Winner, DA Woo, JH Wu, S Wuebbles, DJ AF Weaver, C. P. Liang, X. -Z. Zhu, J. Adams, P. J. Amar, P. Avise, J. Caughey, M. Chen, J. Cohen, R. C. Cooter, E. Dawson, J. P. Gilliam, R. Gilliland, A. Goldstein, A. H. Grambsch, A. Grano, D. Guenther, A. Gustafson, W. I. Harley, R. A. He, S. Hemming, B. Hogrefe, C. Huang, H. -C. Hunt, S. W. Jacob, D. J. Kinney, P. L. Kunkel, K. Lamarque, J. -F. Lamb, B. Larkin, N. K. Leung, L. R. Liao, K. -J. Lin, J. -T. Lynn, B. H. Manomaiphiboon, K. Mass, C. McKenzie, D. Mickley, L. J. O'Neill, S. M. Nolte, C. Pandis, S. N. Racherla, P. N. Rosenzweig, C. Russell, A. G. Salathe, E. Steiner, A. L. Tagaris, E. Tao, Z. Tonse, S. Wiedinmyer, C. Williams, A. Winner, D. A. Woo, J. -H. Wu, S. Wuebbles, D. J. TI A PRELIMINARY SYNTHESIS OF MODELED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON US REGIONAL OZONE CONCENTRATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; FUTURE CLIMATE; URBAN AREAS; EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY C1 [Weaver, C. P.; Cooter, E.; Gilliam, R.; Gilliland, A.; Grambsch, A.; Grano, D.; Hemming, B.; Hunt, S. W.; Nolte, C.; Winner, D. A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.; Zhu, J.; Caughey, M.; Kunkel, K.; Lin, J. -T.; Tao, Z.; Williams, A.; Wuebbles, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Adams, P. J.; Dawson, J. P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Amar, P.; He, S.] NE States Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA USA. [Avise, J.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Chen, J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cohen, R. C.; Goldstein, A. H.; Harley, R. A.; Steiner, A. L.; Tonse, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guenther, A.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gustafson, W. I.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hogrefe, C.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Huang, H. -C.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Lin, J. -T.; Mickley, L. J.; Wu, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kinney, P. L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Larkin, N. K.; McKenzie, D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Liao, K. -J.; Manomaiphiboon, K.; Russell, A. G.; Tagaris, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lynn, B. H.] Weather It Is Ltd, Efrat, Israel. [Mass, C.; Salathe, E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [O'Neill, S. M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Portland, OR USA. [Pandis, S. N.] Univ Patras, Rion, Greece. [Racherla, P. N.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Rosenzweig, C.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Woo, J. -H.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kunkel, K.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Weaver, CP (reprint author), US EPA, 8601-P,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM weaver.chris@epamail.epa.gov RI Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Mickley, Loretta/D-2021-2012; Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795; Chen, Jack/0000-0002-3764-1149; Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Mickley, Loretta/0000-0002-7859-3470; Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X; Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU EPA's National Center for Environmental Research FX The authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped lead to a significantly improved paper. In addition, CPW wishes to thank members of the Global Change Assessment staff in the National Center for Environmental Assessment for its many helpful discussions and comments throughout the development of this paper. As stated in the text, much of the research synthesized here was funded through the STAR grant program of EPA's National Center for Environmental Research. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Illinois State Water Survey, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, or any of the other institutions with which the authors are affiliated. NR 70 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1843 EP 1863 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2568.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546SJ UT WOS:000273831400007 ER PT J AU Kambe, A Yoshioka, H Kamitani, H Watanabe, T Baek, SJ Eling, TE AF Kambe, Atsushi Yoshioka, Hiroki Kamitani, Hideki Watanabe, Takashi Baek, Seung Joon Eling, Thomas E. TI The Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Sulindac Sulfide Inhibits EP4 Expression and Suppresses the Growth of Glioblastoma Cells SO CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-3; BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; SP1 PHOSPHORYLATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN-KINASE; BREAST-CANCER; RECEPTOR AB EP4 expression in human glioblastoma cells correlates with growth on soft agar. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor sulindac sulfide first altered specificity protein-1 (Sp-1) and early growth response gene-1 expression, then increased the expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 and activating transcription factor 3, and then decreased EP4 expression. EP4 suppression was dependent on blocking the Sp-1 binding sites in the human EP4 promoter. Mutation in the Sp-1 sites in EP4 altered the promoter activity and abolished sulindac sulfide effects. The inhibitory effect of sulindac sulfide on EP4 expression was reversed by PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Sp-1 phosphorylation was dependent on sulindac sulfide-induced Erk activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that Sp-1 phosphorylation decreases Sp-1 binding to DNA and leads to the suppression of EP4. Inhibition of cell growth on soft agar assay was found to be a highly complex process and seems to require not only the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity but also increased expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 and activating transcription factor 3 and suppression of EP4 expression. Our data suggest that the suppression of EP4 expression by sulindac sulfide represents a new mechanism for understanding the tumor suppressor activity. C1 [Kambe, Atsushi; Yoshioka, Hiroki; Eling, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kambe, Atsushi; Yoshioka, Hiroki; Kamitani, Hideki; Watanabe, Takashi] Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Inst Neurol Sci, Div Neurosurg, Tottori 680, Japan. [Baek, Seung Joon] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Eling, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Eling@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Intramural Research Program FX NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Intramural Research Program. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1940-6207 J9 CANCER PREV RES JI Cancer Prev. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1088 EP 1099 DI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0140 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 528TM UT WOS:000272469900012 PM 19934343 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Martin, TM Ye, L Sedykh, A Young, DM Tropsha, A AF Zhu, Hao Martin, Todd M. Ye, Lin Sedykh, Alexander Young, Douglas M. Tropsha, Alexander TI Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling of Rat Acute Toxicity by Oral Exposure SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TETRAHYMENA-PYRIFORMIS; PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY; APPLICABILITY DOMAIN; VARIABLE SELECTION; QSAR MODELS AB Few quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) Studies have successfully modeled large, diverse rodent toxicity end points. In this Study, a comprehensive data set of 7385 compounds with their most conservative lethal dose (LD50) Values has been compiled. A combinatorial QSAR approach has been employed to develop robust and predictive models of acute toxicity in rats caused by oral exposure to chemicals. To enable fair comparison between the predictive power of models generated in this study versus a commercial toxicity predictor, TOPKAT (Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology), a modeling subset of the entire data set was selected that included all 3472 compounds used in TOPKAT's training set. The remaining 3913 compounds, which were not present in the TOPKAT training set, were used as the external validation set. QSAR models of five different types were developed for the modeling set. The prediction accuracy for the external validation set was estimated by determination coefficient R-2 of linear regression between actual and predicted LD50 values. The use of the applicability domain threshold implemented in most models generally improved the external prediction accuracy but expectedly led to the decrease in chemical space coverage; depending on the applicability domain threshold, R-2 ranged from 0.24 to 0.70, Ultimately, several consensus models were developed by averaging the predicted LD50 for every compound using all live models. The consensus models afforded higher prediction accuracy for the external validation data set with the higher coverage as compared to individual constituent models. The validated consensus LD50 models developed in this study can be used as reliable computational predictors of in Vivo acute toxicity. C1 [Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod,Lab Mol Modeling, Carolina Environm Bioinformat Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Martin, Todd M.; Young, Douglas M.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tropsha, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod,Lab Mol Modeling, Carolina Environm Bioinformat Res Ctr, Campus Box 7568,327 Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alex_tropsha@unc.edu RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM076059, ES005948]; U.S. EPA [RD832720, RD833825] FX This work was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (GM076059 and ES005948) and U.S. EPA (RD832720 and RD833825). NR 39 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1913 EP 1921 DI 10.1021/tx900189p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 533UW UT WOS:000272851900006 PM 19845371 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Quo vadis energy sustainability? SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10098-009-0262-z PG 3 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 521LE UT WOS:000271922100001 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Green chemistry metrics SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s10098-009-0264-x PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 521LE UT WOS:000271922100002 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Niemi, GJ Danz, NP AF Etterson, Matthew A. Niemi, Gerald J. Danz, Nicholas P. TI Estimating the effects of detection heterogeneity and overdispersion on trends estimated from avian point counts SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance indices; avian point counts; detection heterogeneity; overdispersion; point counts; removal sampling ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; OF-DETECTION METHOD; REPLICATED COUNTS; POPULATION-SIZE; MIXTURE-MODELS; ABUNDANCE; SONGBIRDS AB Point counts are a common method for sampling avian distribution and abundance. Although methods for estimating detection probabilities are available, many analyses use raw counts and do not correct for detectability. We use a removal model of detection within an N-mixture approach to estimate abundance trends corrected for imperfect detection. We compare the corrected trend estimates to those estimated from raw counts for 16 species using 15 years of monitoring data on three national forests in the western Great Lakes, USA. We also tested the effects of overdispersion by modeling both counts and removal mixtures under three statistical distributions: Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson, and negative binomial. For most species, the removal model produced estimates of detection probability that conformed to expectations. For many species, but not all, estimates of trends were similar regardless of statistical distribution or method of analysis. Within a given combination of likelihood (counts vs. mixtures) and statistical distribution, trends usually differed by both stand type and national forest, with species showing declines in some stand types and increases in others. For three species, Brown Creeper, Yellow-rumped Warbler, and Black-throated Green Warbler, temporal patterns in detectability resulted in substantial differences in estimated trends under the removal mixtures compared to the analysis of raw counts. Overall, we found that the zero-inflated Poisson was the best distribution for our data, although the Poisson or negative binomial performed better for a few species. The similarity in estimated trends that we observed among counts and removal mixtures was probably a result of both experimental design and sampling effort. First, the study was originally designed to avoid confounding observer effects with habitats or time. Second, our time series is relatively long and our sample sizes within years are large. C1 [Etterson, Matthew A.; Niemi, Gerald J.; Danz, Nicholas P.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov FU U.S. Forest Service; Superior National Forests; Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX We thank M. Alldredge, R. Regal, S. Rosenstock, T. Stanley, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments about earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank and acknowledge the U.S. Forest Service including the Chequamegon, Chippewa, and Superior National Forests for funding the breeding bird monitoring program from 1991 to 2008. Additional funding for this project was obtained from the Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. This is contribution number 494 of the Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota. We gratefully recognize the efforts of J. Hanowski, J. Lind, and R. Hawrot for their efforts in gathering the data presented. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2049 EP 2066 DI 10.1890/08-1317.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 520UI UT WOS:000271874300008 PM 20014578 ER PT J AU Lu, HF Kang, WL Campbell, DE Ren, H Tan, YW Feng, RX Luo, JT Chen, FP AF Lu, Hong-Fang Kang, Wen-Ling Campbell, Daniel E. Ren, Hai Tan, Yao-Wen Feng, Rui-Xiang Luo, Jin-Tang Chen, Fei-Peng TI Emergy and economic evaluations of four fruit production systems on reclaimed wetlands surrounding the Pearl River Estuary, China SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Emergy; Economic analysis; Natural capital; Market exchange; Sustainability ID SUSTAINABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; INDEXES; BRAZIL; FARMS AB Emergy and economic methods were used to evaluate and compare a traditional tropical fruit cultivation system, for bananas, and three newly introduced fruit cultivation systems, for papaya, guava and wampee, on reclaimed wetlands of the Pearl River Estuary, China. The goal of this study was to apply ecological engineering principles to fruit production system designs to maximize total emergy benefits and sustainability. The evaluations considered input structure, production efficiency, environmental impacts, economic viability and sustainability. The market effects on emergy exchange were assessed both for purchasing the inputs to production and for selling the fruit. These market effects were also considered in the evaluation of sustainability by using the Emergy Index for Sustainable Development (EISD), which was evaluated with and without taking the change in natural capital (i.e., soil organic matter) into consideration. The results showed that all three of the newly introduced systems are much more sustainable than the traditional banana production system. The guava production system had the highest value of the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI = 0.40). The high price of wampee gave it the highest economic yieid/cost ratio (4.87) and EISD (0.73). Emergy and economic evaluations are complementary methods, with emergy analysis shedding more light on environmental support and impacts of the production systems not considered in the market value, and economic analysis focusing on the effects of markets on fruit production. The Emergy Exchange Ratio (EER) was proposed as a bridge between emergy and economic evaluations for specific systems and/or processes. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Hong-Fang; Ren, Hai] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Gardem, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kang, Wen-Ling; Chen, Fei-Peng] S China Agr Univ, Dept Life Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Campbell, Daniel E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Tan, Yao-Wen; Feng, Rui-Xiang; Luo, Jin-Tang] Guangzhou Fruit Sci Res Inst, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Gardem, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scbg.ac.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [30600072]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong [05006766, 2006B20730001]; Infrastructure Development Program for Scientific Research of Guangzhou; [2006 15] FX We would like to thank Mr. Hongyou Li for help with investigation and data collection on the banana production system, Mr. Bi Zou and Ms. Xuemei Song for help in measuring soil samples, Dr. Jinping Zhang for help in making Fig. 1, Mrs. Elisabeth C. Odum for help in improving English in this manuscript. This study was supported by Projects of the National Science Foundation of China (30600072), the Director's Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (05006766, 2006B20730001), and the Infrastructure Development Program for Scientific Research of Guangzhou (2006No. 15). NR 55 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1743 EP 1757 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.08.001 PG 15 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 531RK UT WOS:000272685300008 ER PT J AU Wang, A Kligerman, AD Holladay, SD Wolf, DC Robertson, JL AF Wang, Amy Kligerman, Andrew D. Holladay, Steven D. Wolf, Douglas C. Robertson, John L. TI Arsenate and Dimethylarsinic Acid in Drinking Water did not Affect DNA Damage Repair in Urinary Bladder Transitional Cells or Micronuclei in Bone Marrow SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; DNA repair; urothelium; micronucleus; comet assay ID HUMAN UROTHELIAL CELLS; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; MALE F344 RATS; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INNER-MONGOLIA; STRAND BREAKS; ANIMAL-MODEL; WEST-BENGAL AB Arsenic is a human skin, lung, and urinary bladder carcinogen, and may act as a cocarcinogen in the skin and urinary bladder. Possible modes of action of arsenic carcinogenesis/cocarcinogenesis include oxidative stress induction and inhibition of DNA damage repair. We investigated the effects of arsenic in drinking water on DNA damage repair in urinary bladder transitional cells and on micronucleus formation in bone marrow. F344 rats were given 100 ppm arsenate [As(V)] or dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] in drinking water for 1 week. The in vivo repair of cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced DNA damage resulting from a single oral gavage of CP, and the in vitro repair of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))- or formaldehyde-induced DNA damage, resulting from adding H(2)O(2) or formaldehyde into cell medium, were measured by the Comet assay. DMA(V) effects were not observed on either CP-induced DNA damage induction or on DNA repair. Neither DMA(V) nor As(V) increased the H(2)O(2)- or formaldehyde-induced DNA damage, and neither inhibited the repair of H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage. Neither DMA(V) nor As(V) increased the micronucleus frequency, nor did they elevate micronucleus frequency resulting from CP treatment above the level observed by the treatment with CP alone. These results suggest that arsenic carcinogenesis/cocarcinogenesis in the urinary bladder may not be via DNA damage repair inhibition. To our knowledge this is the first report of arsenic effects on DNA damage repair in the urinary bladder. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 50:760770, 2009. Published 2009 by Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 [Wang, Amy; Holladay, Steven D.; Robertson, John L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kligerman, Andrew D.; Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Environm Corcinogenesis Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM amywang@vt.edu FU ORISE [NC 27711] FX Amy Wang is currently an ORISE postdoctoral fellowship via an interagency agreement between Department of Energy and U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 50 IS 9 BP 760 EP 770 DI 10.1002/em.20496 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 535HH UT WOS:000272957400003 PM 19472316 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Wrenn, BA AF Mukherjee, Biplab Wrenn, Brian A. TI Influence of Dynamic Mixing Energy on Dispersant Performance: Role of Mixing Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixing energy; mixing time; dispersion effectiveness; volume distribution; average droplet size ID EFFECTIVENESS PROTOCOL; TURBULENT CONDITIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DROP DEFORMATION; STIRRED TANKS; BREAK-UP; OIL; FLOW; COALESCENCE; MODELS AB Chemical dispersants can be used to mitigate the impacts of marine oil spills. Bench-scale testing is widely used to provide spill responders with information that can be used to determine which dispersants would be most effective for specific spills based on the type of oil and environmental conditions. Relative performance of specific oil-dispersant combinations can vary depending on the experimental system that was used, however, and results obtained in different systems are weakly correlated. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the factors that affect dispersant performance in two well-characterized mixing systems (baffled flask and paddle jar) under dynamic mixing conditions. Mixing time (p < 0.01), mixing energy (p < 0.001), and dispersant hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) (p < 0.001) all exerted statistically significant effects on dispersion effectiveness (defined as the mass fraction of oil entrained in the water column). For a fixed mixing time, effectiveness increased with mixing energy in both mixing systems, but the dispersion effectiveness reached its maximum at lower mixing energies in the paddle-jar system. Also, dispersant HLB exerted only minor effects on dispersion effectiveness in the baffled-flask system, but it was the dominant effect in the paddle-jar system. For all treatments, the droplet-volume distributions stabilized after mixing for less than 10 min, and the steady-state distributions consisted of several droplet-size modes that varied in relative importance among treatments. In general, the baffled-flask system produced dispersions that were dominated by relatively small oil droplets, whereas the paddle-jar system generated dispersions that consisted almost entirely of larger oil droplets. These differences indicate that factors other than mixing energy, such as fluid flow characteristics and system geometry, are also important in the process of oil dispersion and must be considered in the design of bench-scale dispersant performance tests. C1 [Mukherjee, Biplab] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Wrenn, Brian A.] So Illinois Univ, Natl Corn Ethanol Res Ctr, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), US EPA, NRC Res Associateship Program, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mukherjee.biplab@epa.gov NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1725 EP 1737 DI 10.1089/ees.2009.0159 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527MA UT WOS:000272370000005 ER PT J AU Li, Y Ehrhard, R Biswas, P Kulkarni, P Carns, K Patterson, C Krishnan, R Sinha, R AF Li, Ying Ehrhard, Ray Biswas, Pratim Kulkarni, Pramod Carns, Keith Patterson, Craig Krishnan, Radha Sinha, Rajib TI Removal of Waterborne Particles by Electrofiltration: Pilot-Scale Testing SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water treatment; drinking water; waterborne particles; pathogens; electrofiltration; trajectory analysis; collection efficiency ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; FILTRATION; OUTBREAK AB Theoretical analysis using a trajectory approach indicated that in the presence of an external electric field, charged waterborne particles are subject to an additional migration velocity that increases their deposition on the surface of collectors (e. g., sand filter). Although researchers conducted bench-scale experiments to verify the effectiveness of electrofiltration, few studies have reported on the applications of electrofiltration in larger scale facilities. In this study, a prototype pilot-scale electrofiltration unit, consisting of an acrylic tank (0.3 x 0.3 x 1.2 m) with vertically placed stainless steel mesh electrodes embedded in a sand filter was tested at a local drinking water plant. Presedimentation basin water was used as the influent with a turbidity ranging from 12 to 37 NTU. At an approach velocity of 0.84 mm/s, an electrode voltage at 8 and 12V increased the particle removal coefficient pC* [defined as -log(C(out)/C(in))] to 1.79 and 1.86, respectively, compared to 1.48 when there was no electric field. Reducing the approach velocity from 0.84 to 0.42 mm/s increased pC* from 1.48 to 1.64, when the electrode velocity was 16 V. Repetitive experiments were conducted and the results were in agreement with those calculated by a theoretical trajectory analysis. The electrofiltration process was demonstrated to be more effective for removal of smaller particles (< 4 mu m), the size range of many waterborne bacteria. A voltage of 8-12V was shown to be the most cost-effective range, considering both the energy cost and filtration performance. The findings from this pilot-scale study are important for full-scale applications of the electrofiltration technology. C1 [Li, Ying; Ehrhard, Ray; Biswas, Pratim] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kulkarni, Pramod] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Carns, Keith] Global Energy Partners LLC, Oakhurst, CA USA. [Patterson, Craig] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Krishnan, Radha; Sinha, Rajib] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Biswas, P (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM pratim.biswas@wustl.edu RI Li, Ying/B-1830-2010 OI Li, Ying/0000-0002-6775-5649 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) under contract with Shaw Environmental, Inc. [EP-C-04-034] FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) through a Work Assignment under contract No. EP-C-04-034 with Shaw Environmental, Inc. The authors want to express their sincere gratitude for the capable assistance of staff at the City of St. Louis Howard Bend water treatment facility. They are also thankful for the support from Roy Haught, Acting Chief, Water Quality Management Branch, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA-ORD. Any opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1795 EP 1803 DI 10.1089/ees.2009.0238 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527MA UT WOS:000272370000012 ER PT J AU Karn, B Kuiken, T Otto, M AF Karn, Barbara Kuiken, Todd Otto, Martha TI Nanotechnology and in Situ Remediation: A Review of the Benefits and Potential Risks SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE environmental implications; environmental technology; hazardous wastes; nanoremediation; nanotechnology; pollutants; remediation; toxicity; waste sites; zero-valent iron ID NANOSCALE IRON PARTICLES; ZERO-VALENT IRON; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; WATER; ENVIRONMENT; SUSPENSIONS; TRANSPORT; FIELD; C-60; ECOTOXICOLOGY AB OBJECTIVE: Although industrial sectors involving semiconductors; memory and storage technologies; display, optical, and photonic technologies; energy; biotechnology; and health care produce the most products that contain nanomaterials, nanotechnology is also used as an environmental technology to protect the environment through pollution prevention, treatment, and clean up. In this review, we focus on environmental cleanup and provide a background and overview of current practice; research findings; societal issues; potential environment, health, and safety implications; and future directions for nanoremediation. We do not present an exhaustive review of chemistry/engineering methods of the technology but rather an introduction and summary of the applications of nanotechnology in remediation. We also discuss nanoscale zero-valent iron in detail. DATA SOURCES: We searched the Web of Science for research studies and accessed recent publicly available reports from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies and organizations that addressed the applications and implications associated with nanoremediation techniques. We also conducted personal interviews with practitioners about specific site remediations. DATA SYNTHESIS: We aggregated information from 45 sites, a representative portion of the total projects under way, to show nanomaterials used, types of pollutants addressed, and organizations responsible for each site. CONCLUSIONS: Nanoremediation has the potential not only to reduce the overall costs of cleaning up large-scale contaminated sites but also to reduce cleanup time, eliminate the need for treatment and disposal of contaminated soil, and reduce some contaminant concentrations to near zero-all in situ. Proper evaluation of nanoremediation, particularly full-scale ecosystem-wide studies, needs to be conducted to prevent any potential adverse environmental impacts. C1 [Karn, Barbara] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kuiken, Todd] Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Project Emerging Nanotechnol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Karn, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCER, 8722F,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM karn.barbara@epa.gov RI bee, betty/G-1104-2011; Kuiken, Todd/A-3784-2016 OI Kuiken, Todd/0000-0001-7851-6232 FU Pew Charitable Trusts FX The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, is supported through a grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 72 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 17 U2 220 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 117 IS 12 BP 1823 EP 1831 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900793 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 528VH UT WOS:000272474600022 ER PT J AU West, JM Julius, SH Kareiva, P Enquist, C Lawler, JJ Petersen, B Johnson, AE Shaw, MR AF West, Jordan M. Julius, Susan H. Kareiva, Peter Enquist, Carolyn Lawler, Joshua J. Petersen, Brian Johnson, Ayana E. Shaw, M. Rebecca TI US Natural Resources and Climate Change: Concepts and Approaches for Management Adaptation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Adaptation; Resource management; Ecosystems; Resilience; Uncertainty; Triage; Thresholds ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; WORLD; CONSERVATION; RESILIENCE; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS; GOVERNANCE; SCENARIOS AB Public lands and waters in the United States traditionally have been managed using frameworks and objectives that were established under an implicit assumption of stable climatic conditions. However, projected climatic changes render this assumption invalid. Here, we summarize general principles for management adaptations that have emerged from a major literature review. These general principles cover many topics including: (1) how to assess climate impacts to ecosystem processes that are key to management goals; (2) using management practices to support ecosystem resilience; (3) converting barriers that may inhibit management responses into opportunities for successful implementation; and (4) promoting flexible decision making that takes into account challenges of scale and thresholds. To date, the literature on management adaptations to climate change has mostly focused on strategies for bolstering the resilience of ecosystems to persist in their current states. Yet in the longer term, it is anticipated that climate change will push certain ecosystems and species beyond their capacity to recover. When managing to support resilience becomes infeasible, adaptation may require more than simply changing management practices-it may require changing management goals and managing transitions to new ecosystem states. After transitions have occurred, management will again support resilience-this time for a new ecosystem state. Thus, successful management of natural resources in the context of climate change will require recognition on the part of managers and decisions makers of the need to cycle between "managing for resilience" and "managing for change.". C1 [West, Jordan M.; Julius, Susan H.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kareiva, Peter] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn] Nat Conservancy New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Petersen, Brian] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, Ayana E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shaw, M. Rebecca] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP West, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM west.jordan@epa.gov FU EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment FX We thank all of our fellow authors of the Climate Change Science Program publication, Preliminary Review of Adaptation Options for Climate-Sensitive Ecosystems and Resources (CCSP 2008), whose ideas and insights contributed greatly to this article. We thank especially the lead authors of the management system chapters: J. Baron, B. Griffith, L. Joyce, B. Keller, M. Palmer, C. Peterson, and M. Scott. We would also like to acknowledge the support of EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment in the Office of Research and Development, and especially our colleagues in EPA's Global Change Assessment Staff for many helpful discussions and comments during the conceptual development of this article. Special thanks go to G. Blate and A. Babson for their contributions. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their many useful comments and suggestions. NR 79 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 10 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1021 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9345-1 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530TN UT WOS:000272615300001 PM 19636606 ER PT J AU Fiksel, J Graedel, T Hecht, AD Rejeski, D Sayler, GS Senge, PM Swackhamer, DL Theis, TL AF Fiksel, Joseph Graedel, Thomas Hecht, Alan D. Rejeski, David Sayler, Gary S. Senge, Peter M. Swackhamer, Deborah L. Theis, Thomas L. TI EPA at 40: Bringing Environmental Protection into the 21st Century SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fiksel, Joseph] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Resilience, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Graedel, Thomas] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Hecht, Alan D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rejeski, David] Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sayler, Gary S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Senge, Peter M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Swackhamer, Deborah L.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Theis, Thomas L.] Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci & Policy, Chicago, IL USA. RP Fiksel, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Resilience, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fiksel.2@osu.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 23 BP 8716 EP 8720 DI 10.1021/es901653f PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522ZM UT WOS:000272038900011 PM 19943637 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, Christian G. TI CHEMICALS FROM THE PRACTICE OF HEALTHCARE: CHALLENGES AND UNKNOWNS POSED BY RESIDUES IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID DRUGS C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2490 EP 2494 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 518LO UT WOS:000271694000004 PM 19681645 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG Ruhoy, IS AF Daughton, Christian G. Ruhoy, Ilene S. TI ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT OF PHARMACEUTICALS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTORS BEYOND DIRECT EXCRETION TO SEWERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Disposal; Excretion; Pharmaceuticals; Poisoning; Sweat ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; PREDICTING DRUG DISPOSITION; ABUSE-TREATMENT PATIENTS; PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; SURFACE WATERS; ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS AB The combined excretion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) via urine and feces is considered the primary route by which APIs from human pharmaceuticals enter the environment. Disposal of unwanted, leftover medications by flushing into sewers has been considered a secondary route-one that does not contribute substantially to overall environmental loadings. The present study presents the first comprehensive examination of secondary routes of API release to the environment and for direct but unintentional human exposure. These include bathing, washing, and laundering, all of which release APIs remaining on the skin from the use of high-content dermal applications or from excretion to the skin via sweating, and disposal of unused and partially used high-content devices. Also discussed are the health hazards associated with: partially used devices, medication disposal practices of consumers, and interpersonal dermal transfer of API residues. Understanding these secondary routes is important from the perspective of pollution prevention, because actions can be designed more easily for reducing the environmental impact of APIs compared with the route of direct excretion (via urine and feces), for reducing the incidence of unintentional and purposeful poisonings of humans and pets, and for improving the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care. Overall, unintentional exposure to APIs for humans via these routes is possibly more important than exposure to trace residues recycled from the environment in drinking water or foods. C1 [Daughton, Christian G.] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Ruhoy, Ilene S.] Touro Univ Nevada, Coll Osteopath Med, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 FU Office of Research and Development FX I.S. Ruhoy thanks David Hassenzahl, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, for continued guidance, and the U.S. EPA for granting an appointment as a U. S. EPA Student Volunteer. We also thank Sheila King (Senior Environmental Employment Program, U.S. EPA, Las Vegas) for her diligent maintenance of the EndNote PPCPs Literature Database. The authors greatly appreciate the efforts of the three anonymous reviewers, who invested considerable time and thought in providing extensive comments that greatly improved the quality of the final paper.; The U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication as an U.S. EPA document. NR 176 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 7 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2495 EP 2521 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 518LO UT WOS:000271694000005 PM 19382823 ER PT J AU Ramirez, AJ Brain, RA Usenko, S Mottaleb, MA O'Donnell, JG Stahl, LL Wathen, JB Snyder, BD Pitt, JL Perez-Hurtado, P Dobbins, LL Brooks, BW Chambliss, CK AF Ramirez, Alejandro J. Brain, Richard A. Usenko, Sascha Mottaleb, Mohammad A. O'Donnell, John G. Stahl, Leanne L. Wathen, John B. Snyder, Blaine D. Pitt, Jennifer L. Perez-Hurtado, Pilar Dobbins, Laura L. Brooks, Bryan W. Chambliss, C. Kevin TI OCCURRENCE OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS IN FISH: RESULTS OF A NATIONAL PILOT STUDY IN THE UNITED STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Personal care products; Accumulation; Fish tissue; Effluent-dominated sites ID SYNTHETIC MUSK FRAGRANCES; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; UV FILTERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUOXETINE AB Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are being increasingly reported in a variety of biological matrices, including fish tissue; however, screening studies have presently not encompassed broad geographical areas. A national pilot study was initiated in the United States to assess the accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish sampled from five effluent-dominated rivers that receive direct discharge from wastewater treatment facilities in Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Orlando, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; and West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA. Fish were also collected from the Gila River, New Mexico, USA, as a reference condition expected to be minimally impacted by anthropogenic influence. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pharmaceuticals revealed the presence of norfluoxetine, sertraline, diphenhydramine, diltiazem, and carbamazepine at nanogram-per-gram concentrations in fillet composites from effluent-dominated sampling locations; the additional presence of fluoxetine and gemfibrozil was confirmed in liver tissue. Sertraline was detected at concentrations as high as 19 and 545 ng/g in fillet and liver tissue, respectively. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of personal care products in fillet composites revealed the presence of galaxolide and tonalide at maximum concentrations of 2,100 and 290 ng/g, respectively, and trace levels of triclosan. In general, more pharmaceuticals were detected at higher concentrations and with greater frequency in liver than in fillet tissues. Higher lipid content in liver tissue could not account for this discrepancy as no significant positive correlations were found between accumulated pharmaceutical concentrations and lipid content for either tissue type from any sampling site. In contrast, accumulation of the personal care products galaxolide and tonalide was significantly related to lipid content. Results suggest that the detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products was dependent on the degree of wastewater treatment employed. C1 [Ramirez, Alejandro J.; Mottaleb, Mohammad A.; Perez-Hurtado, Pilar; Chambliss, C. Kevin] Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brain, Richard A.; Usenko, Sascha; Dobbins, Laura L.; Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Ramirez, Alejandro J.; Brain, Richard A.; Usenko, Sascha; Mottaleb, Mohammad A.; Dobbins, Laura L.; Brooks, Bryan W.; Chambliss, C. Kevin] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [O'Donnell, John G.; Snyder, Blaine D.; Pitt, Jennifer L.] Tetra Tech, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Stahl, Leanne L.; Wathen, John B.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol 4305T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chambliss, CK (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Bear Pl 97348, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM kevin_chambliss@baylor.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909; Chambliss, Kevin/0000-0003-3888-6890 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-04-030] FX The present study was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under EPA contract EP-C-04-030. The manuscript has been subjected to review and approved for publication by U.S. EPA's Office of Science and Technology (OST) within the Office of Water. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U. S. EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors sincerely thank D. Keehner, S. Rudzinski, E. King (U.S. EPA/OST), and J. Hochheimer (Tetra Tech) for their leadership and management support. Gratitude is also expressed to the following professionals who assisted with sample collection activities: C. Barbour, C. Gallardo, and H. Latimer (Tetra Tech); G. Schiffmiller and S. Stringer ( New Mexico Environment Department); E. Murphy and T. Nettesheim (Great Lakes National Program Office); and the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. NR 46 TC 189 Z9 196 U1 20 U2 190 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2587 EP 2597 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 518LO UT WOS:000271694000014 PM 19320536 ER PT J AU Sykes, K Pillemer, K Johnson, M AF Sykes, Kathy Pillemer, Karl Johnson, Mary TI Talk About Gray and Green: The Intersection of Aging and the Environment SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sykes, Kathy] US EPA, Aging Initiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pillemer, Karl] Cornell Univ, Dept Human Dev, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sykes, K (reprint author), US EPA, Aging Initiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD WIN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 639RB UT WOS:000280990900001 ER PT J AU Geller, AM AF Geller, Andrew M. TI The Susceptibility of Older Adults to Environmental Hazards SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; CYTOCHROME-P-450 ENZYMES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; CUMULATIVE LEAD; LIVER; OXIDATION C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geller, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD WIN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 639RB UT WOS:000280990900003 ER PT J AU Binstock, RH Sykes, K Reilly, S AF Binstock, Robert H. Sykes, Kathy Reilly, Sabrina TI Imagining the American Community Environmental Services: A Vision for Environmentalists and Elders SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID CIVIC ENGAGEMENT C1 [Binstock, Robert H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sykes, Kathy] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Reilly, Sabrina] Natl Council Aging, Washington, DC USA. RP Binstock, RH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD WIN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 639RB UT WOS:000280990900013 ER PT J AU Sykes, K AF Sykes, Kathy TI Research in Translation: Putting Findings into Preventive Practice SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Aging Initiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sykes, K (reprint author), US EPA, Aging Initiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD WIN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 639RB UT WOS:000280990900017 ER PT J AU Motsinger-Reif, AA Reif, DM Fanelli, TJ Ritchie, MD AF Motsinger-Reif, Alison A. Reif, David M. Fanelli, Theresa J. Ritchie, Marylyn D. TI A Comparison of Analytical Methods for Genetic Association Studies (vol 32, pg 767, 2008) SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Motsinger-Reif, Alison A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reif, David M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fanelli, Theresa J.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Fanelli, Theresa J.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Motsinger-Reif, AA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 33 IS 8 BP 751 EP 751 DI 10.1002/gepi.20420 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 529TK UT WOS:000272540600010 ER PT J AU Yang, IV Wade, CM Kang, HM Alper, S Rutledge, H Lackford, B Eskin, E Daly, MJ Schwartz, DA AF Yang, Ivana V. Wade, Claire M. Kang, Hyun Min Alper, Scott Rutledge, Holly Lackford, Brad Eskin, Eleazar Daly, Mark J. Schwartz, David A. TI Identification of Novel Genes That Mediate Innate Immunity Using Inbred Mice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-GENOME ASSOCIATION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONGENIC STRAINS; HUMAN-DISEASE; LOCI; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PERSISTENCE AB Innate immunity is the first line of defense against microbial infections. Although polymorphisms in toll-like receptors (TLRs) and downstream signaling molecules (CD14, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and IRAK4) affect the innate immune response, these variants account for only a portion of the ability of the host to respond to bacteria, fungi, and viruses. To identify other genes involved in the innate immune response, we challenged 16 inbred murine strains with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) systemically and measured serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF alpha, and the chemokine KC 6 hr post-treatment. Loci that segregate with strain phenotypes were identified by whole genome association (WGA) mapping of cytokine concentrations. Published gene expression profiles and quantitative trait loci (QTL) were then utilized to prioritize loci and genes that potentially regulate the host response to LPS. Sixteen loci were selected for further investigation by combining WGA analysis with previously published QTL for murine response to LPS or gram negative bacteria. Thirty-eight genes within these loci were then selected for further investigation on the basis of the significance of the identified locus, transcriptional response to LPS, and biological plausibility. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of 4 of 38 candidate genes was shown to block the production of IL-6 in J774A.1 macrophages. In summary, our analysis identified 4 genes that have not previously been implicated in innate immunity, namely, 1110058L19Rik, 4933415F23Rik, Fbxo9, and Ipo7. These genes could represent potential sepsis biomarkers or therapeutic targets that should be further investigated in human populations. C1 [Yang, Ivana V.; Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Yang, Ivana V.; Alper, Scott; Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Ctr Genes Environm & Hlth, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Alper, Scott] Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Wade, Claire M.; Daly, Mark J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Wade, Claire M.; Daly, Mark J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Wade, Claire M.; Daly, Mark J.] Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Kang, Hyun Min] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Rutledge, Holly; Lackford, Brad] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Eskin, Eleazar] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Eskin, Eleazar] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yang, IV (reprint author), Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, 1400 Jackson St,A630, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM yangi@njhealth.org RI Eskin, Eleazar/J-9187-2012; OI Eskin, Eleazar/0000-0003-1149-4758; Wade, Claire/0000-0003-3413-4771 FU Department of Veterans Affairs; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES11375, ES011961]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of the Environmental Health Sciences, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX This study was funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs (merit review), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES11375 and ES011961), and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of the Environmental Health Sciences, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2009 VL 183 IS 4 BP 1535 EP 1544 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.107540 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 528HV UT WOS:000272435000026 PM 19805818 ER PT J AU Hammitt, JK Haninger, K Treich, N AF Hammitt, James K. Haninger, Kevin Treich, Nicolas TI Effects of Health and Longevity on Financial Risk Tolerance SO GENEVA RISK AND INSURANCE REVIEW LA English DT Article DE risk tolerance; health; longevity; life-cycle model; consumption; stated preference ID CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; SELF-RATED HEALTH; UTILITY-FUNCTIONS; PORTFOLIO CHOICE; CONSUMPTION; LIFE; AVERSION; MULTIATTRIBUTE; CONSTRAINTS AB We investigate the effects of health and life expectancy on tolerance of financial risk. Using a standard life-cycle model, we find that the effects of health and life expectancy on preferences over lifetime-income risk are theoretically ambiguous. However, risk tolerance is independent of health and life expectancy when utility takes one of the standard (harmonic absolute risk aversion) functional forms or when optimal consumption is constant over time. Our empirical results, using data from a stated-preference survey (n=2,795), suggest that financial risk tolerance is positively associated with both health and life expectancy; hence utility is not consistent with standard functional forms. The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review (2009) 34, 117-139. doi: 10.1057/grir.2009.6 C1 [Hammitt, James K.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hammitt, James K.; Treich, Nicolas] Toulouse Sch Econ, LERNA, INRA, F-31042 Toulouse, France. [Haninger, Kevin] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hammitt, JK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Ctr Risk Anal, 718 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jkh@harvard.edu; haninger.kevin@epa.gov; ntreich@toulouse.inra.fr NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1554-964X J9 GENEVA RISK INS REV JI Geneva Risk Insur. Rev. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 117 EP 139 DI 10.1057/grir.2009.6 PG 23 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 623YF UT WOS:000279782600003 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI Radionuclides Responsible for the Third Highest Water Quality Violations in Ground Water Supply Systems SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.01227.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 419SW UT WOS:000264241000002 ER PT J AU Dawson, HE McAlary, T AF Dawson, Helen E. McAlary, Todd TI A Compilation of Statistics for VOCs from Post-1990 Indoor Air Concentration Studies in North American Residences Unaffected by Subsurface Vapor Intrusion SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ASSESSMENT SURVEY NHEXAS; EXPOSURE; HOMES; OUTDOOR; SOIL AB This paper provides a summary of a number of indoor air quality studies reporting concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air samples collected from residential properties in North America and provides average values for certain statistics (percentiles, detection frequency, maximum). This compilation includes several VOCs that are commonly assessed in studies of subsurface vapor intrusion to indoor air, but may also be attributable to consumer products, building materials, or even outdoor air (ambient) sources, specifically benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis and trans-1,2-dichloroethene, ethylbenzene, methyl tert-butyl ether, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, toluene, trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, vinyl chloride, and meta, para, and ortho-xylene. In studies spanning 1990 through 2005, eleven of these compounds were detected in more than 50% of samples collected, and for several compounds (benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylbenzene, and tetrachloroethene) the lower and upper quintiles of the indoor air concentrations are within the range of typical risk-based target levels. These summary statistics may help interpret data collected during a vapor intrusion investigation and communicate the findings of indoor air quality studies to building occupants and other stakeholders. Similar studies have been published in the past, but there has been a gradual change in indoor air quality over time and a large amount of new data has been collected, so this paper provides more relevant information for current use than previous compilations. C1 [Dawson, Helen E.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [McAlary, Todd] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. RP Dawson, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8,1595 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM Dawson.Helen@epa.gov; tmcalary@geosyntec.com NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.01215.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 419SW UT WOS:000264241000007 ER PT J AU Schumacher, BA Zimmerman, JH Sibert, CR Varner, KE Riddick, LA AF Schumacher, Brian A. Zimmerman, John H. Sibert, Christopher R. Varner, Katrina E. Riddick, Lee A. TI Macro- and Micro-Purge Soil-Gas Sampling Methods for the Collection of Contaminant Vapors SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Purging influence on soil-gas concentrations for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as affected by sampling tube inner diameter and sampling depth (i.e., system volume) for temporary probes in fine-grained soils, was evaluated at three different field sites. A macro-purge sampling system consisted of a standard, hollow, 3.2-cm outer diameter (OD) drive probe with a retractable sampling point attached to an appropriate length of 0.48-cm inner diameter (ID) Teflon((R)) tubing. The macro-purge sampling system had a purge system volume of 24.5 mL at a 1-m depth. In contrast, the micro-purge sampling systems were slightly different between the field sites and consisted of a 1.27-cm OD drive rod with a 0.10-cm ID stainless steel tube or a 3.2-cm OD drive rod with a 0.0254-cm inner diameter stainless steel tubing resulting in purge system volumes of 1.2 and 7.05 mL at 1-m depths, respectively. At each site and location within the site, with a few exceptions, the same contaminants were identified in the same relative order of abundances indicating the sampling of the same general soil atmosphere. However, marked differences in VOC concentrations were identified between the sampling systems, with micro-purge samples having up to 27 times greater concentrations than their corresponding macro-purge samples. The higher concentrations are the result of a minimal disturbance of the ambient soil atmosphere during purging. The minimal soil-gas atmospheric disturbance of the micro-purge sampling system allowed for the collection of a sample that is more representative of the soil atmosphere surrounding the sampling point. That is, a sample that does not contain an atmosphere that has migrated from distance through the geologic material or from the surface in response to the vacuum induced during purging soil-gas concentrations. It is thus recommended that when soil-gas sampling is conducted using temporary probes in fine-grained soils, the sampling system use the smallest practical ID soil-gas tubing and minimize purge volume to obtain the soil-gas sample with minimal risk of leakage so that proper decisions, based on more representative soil-gas concentrations, about the site can be made. C1 [Schumacher, Brian A.; Zimmerman, John H.; Sibert, Christopher R.; Varner, Katrina E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Riddick, Lee A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schumacher, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM schumacher.-brian@epa.gov RI Zimmerman, John/S-8349-2016 FU Chlorinated Solvent Plume site FX The authors wish to thank Emily Roth and Carolyn D'Almeida of EPA Region 9 as well as David Godsey and George Young of the U.S. Navy for obtaining and granting access to the Mare Island Naval Shipyard site. We also thank Sairam Appaji for obtaining access to and providing field support at the Grants Chlorinated Solvent Plume site. Thanks also to James Elliot, David Springer, and Greg Swanson of TetraTech and Blayne Hartman of H&P Mobile Geochemistry for their assistance in planning, sampling, and analysis at the Vandenberg Air Force Base site as well as our thanks to Michael McElligott of the U.S. Air Force, who provided access to IRP Site 3 and logistical support during the field sampling activities. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01222.x PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 419SW UT WOS:000264241000014 ER PT J AU Young, RA Bast, CB Wood, CS Adeshina, F AF Young, Robert A. Bast, Cheryl B. Wood, Carol S. Adeshina, Femi TI Overview of the Standing Operating Procedure (SOP) for the development of Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PAL; Risk Assessment; SOP; inhalation; drinking water ID INHALED CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; REFERENCE DOSE RFD; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; INHALATION; CHLORINE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RAT AB Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) are concentrations in air and drinking water for priority toxic chemicals. This article summarizes the Standing Operating Procedure (SOP) currently in place for the data-driven development of chemical-specific PALs. To provide consistency and transparency, and to avoid faults of arbitrariness, the SOP was developed for guidance in deriving PAL values. Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures for the general public. The SOP for PAL development focuses on (1) data acquisition and analysis, (2) identification of a chemical-specific critical effect, (3) selection of a quantitative point-of-departure (POD), (4) uncertainty analysis and adjustments, (5) exposure duration adjustment and extrapolation, (6) identification of special concerns and issues, and (7) verification, documentation, and dissemination of PALs. To avoid uncompromising rigidity in deriving PAL values and to allow for incorporation of new or refined methodologies, the overall procedure is fluid and subject to modification. The purpose of this publication is to provide a summary of this SOP. C1 [Young, Robert A.; Bast, Cheryl B.; Wood, Carol S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Adeshina, Femi] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Young, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM youngra@ornl.gov RI Bast, Cheryl/B-9436-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [1824-S870-T1, DW-8992241401, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was prepared under two Interagency Agreements (IAGs): IAG No. 1824-S870-T1 with the U.S. Department of Energy and IAG No. DW-8992241401 with the US. Environmental Protection Agency. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 SU 3 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.3109/08958370903202747 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 544GW UT WOS:000273643600001 PM 19827911 ER PT J AU Adeshina, F Sonich-Mullin, C Ross, RH Wood, CS AF Adeshina, Femi Sonich-Mullin, Cynthia Ross, Robert H. Wood, Carol S. TI Health-based Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for homeland security SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PAL; Emergency Planning; inhalation; drinking water AB The Homeland Security Presidential Directive #8 (HSPD-8) for National Emergency Preparedness was issued to "establish policies to strengthen the preparedness of the United States to prevent and respond to threatened or actual domestic terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies by requiring a national domestic all-hazards preparedness goal...." In response to HSPD-8 and HSPD-22 (classified) on Domestic Chemical Defense, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) is developing health-based Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for priority chemicals (including chemical warfare agents, pesticides, and toxic industrial chemicals) in air and drinking water. PALs are temporary values that will neither be promulgated, nor be formally issued as regulatory guidance. They are intended to be used at the discretion of risk managers in emergency situations. The PAL Program provides advisory exposure levels for chemical agents to assist in emergency planning and response decision-making, and to aid in making informed risk management decisions for evacuation, temporary re-entry into affected areas, and resumed-use of infrastructure, such as water resources. These risk management decisions may be made at the federal, state, and local levels. Three exposure levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations for potential exposure to drinking water and ambient air by the general public. Developed PALs are evaluated both by a US EPA working group, and an external multidisciplinary panel to ensure scientific credibility and wide acceptance. In this Special Issue publication, we present background information on the PAL program, the methodology used in deriving PALs, and the technical support documents for the derivation of PALs for acrylonitrile, hydrogen sulfide, and phosgene. C1 [Adeshina, Femi] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sonich-Mullin, Cynthia] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ross, Robert H.; Wood, Carol S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Adeshina, F (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, DC Mail Code 8801-R,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Adeshina.Femi@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [1824-S870-T1, DW-8992241401, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was prepared under two Interagency Agreements (IAGs): IAG No. 1824-S870-T1 with the U.S. Department of Energy and IAG No. DW-8992241401 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 SU 3 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.3109/08958370903202788 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 544GW UT WOS:000273643600002 PM 19814653 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, S Dorman, D Gardner, D Adeshina, F AF Goldhaber, Susan Dorman, David Gardner, Donald Adeshina, Femi TI Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for acrylonitrile SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PALs; acrylonitrile; emergency response; inhalation; drinking water ID ALIPHATIC NITRILES; GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION; URINARY-EXCRETION; DRINKING-WATER; ACUTE TOXICITY; IRREVERSIBLE ASSOCIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITIES; 2-CYANOETHYLENE OXIDE; TISSUE MACROMOLECULES; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS AB Application of Provisional Advisory Level (PAL) protocols was performed for acrylonitrile, as experimental data permitted. Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures for the general public. For background on the PAL Program and a description of the methodology used in deriving PALs, the reader is referred to accompanying papers in this Supplement. Human data were limited to inhalation exposures. The animal experimental data set for this chemical was robust for inhalation and oral studies, with the exception of appropriate data for inhalation 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year PAL 3 values. PAL estimates were approved by the Expert Consultation Panel for Provisional Advisory Levels in October 2007. Oral 24-hour PALs for acrylonitrile are PAL 1 = 7 mg/L; PAL 2 = 23 mg/L; and PAL 3 = 88 mg/L. Oral 30-day and 90-day PALs are PAL 1 = 0.35 mg/L; PAL 2 = 7 mg/L; and PAL 3 = 17 mg/L. Oral 2-year PALs are PAL 1 = 0.35 mg/L; PAL 2 = 3.5 mg/L; and PAL 3 = 12 mg/L. Acrylonitrile inhalation PAL values for 24-hour exposure are PAL 1 = 0.17 ppm; PAL 2 = 3.5 ppm; and PAL 3 = 5.1 ppm; the 30-day and 90-day inhalation exposure values are PAL 1 = 0.15 ppm and PAL 2 = 0.60 ppm. The 2-year inhalation values are PAL 1 = 0.014 ppm and PAL 2 = 0.12 ppm. PAL 3 values for 30 days, 90 days, and 2 years are not recommended due to insufficient data. C1 [Goldhaber, Susan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dorman, David] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Res & Grad Studies, Raleigh, NC USA. [Gardner, Donald] Inhalat Toxicol Associates, Savannah, GA USA. [Adeshina, Femi] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Goldhaber, S (reprint author), 8013 Wavendon Ct, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [1824-S870-T1, DW-8992241401, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was prepared under two Interagency Agreements (IAGs): IAG No. 1824-S870-T1 with the U.S. Department of Energy and 1AG No. DW-8992241401 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 148 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 SU 3 BP 17 EP 55 DI 10.3109/08958370903202804 PG 39 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 544GW UT WOS:000273643600003 PM 19827913 ER PT J AU Marshall, T Dorman, D Gardner, D Adeshina, F AF Marshall, Thomas Dorman, David Gardner, Donald Adeshina, Femi TI Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PALs; hydrogen sulfide; emergency planning; inhalation; drinking water ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; CARBON-DISULFIDE; EXERCISING MEN; HEALTHY-MEN; TOXICITY; WORKERS; TISSUE; GASES; WOMEN AB Application of Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) protocols was performed for hydrogen sulfide (H,S) as experimental data permitted. Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures for the general public. For background on the PAL program and a description of the methodology used in deriving PALs, the reader is referred to accompanying papers in this Supplement. The database includes human experimental studies, worker exposure evaluations, as well as case studies on acute and repeated exposure. The database of animal studies is substantial, covering multiple species and addressing acute, repeated, and subchronic exposure scenarios. PAL estimates were approved by the Expert Consultation Panel for Provisional Advisory Levels in November 2006. No reliable data were found on oral exposure, making it impractical to estimate PALs for drinking water. Because H 2 S exists as a gas, partitioning to air is likely to occur with an environmental release. H,S inhalation PAL values for 24-hour exposure are PAL 1 = 1.2 ppm; PAL 2 = 7.0 ppm; and PAL 3 = 27 ppm; the 30-day and 90-day inhalation exposure values are PAL 1 = 0.85 ppm and PAL 2 = 3.0 ppm. PAL 3 values for 30-day and 90-day exposures are not recommended due to insufficient data. Long-term data were insufficient to estimate 2-year inhalation PALs. C1 [Marshall, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Dorman, David] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. [Gardner, Donald] Inhalat Toxicol Associates, Savannah, GA USA. [Adeshina, Femi] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Marshall, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM marshalltc@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [1824-S870-T1, DW-8992241401, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was prepared under two Interagency Agreements (IAGs): IAG No. 1824-S870-T1 with the U.S. Department of Energy and IAG No. DW-8992241401 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 SU 3 BP 56 EP 72 DI 10.3109/08958370903202812 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 544GW UT WOS:000273643600004 PM 19827914 ER PT J AU Glass, D McClanahan, M Koller, L Adeshina, F AF Glass, Dana McClanahan, Mark Koller, Loren Adeshina, Femi TI Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for phosgene (CG) SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PALs; phosgene; emergency planning; inhalation; drinking water ID NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE; X TIME-DEPENDENCE; INHALATION TOXICITY; LUNG INJURY; RATS AB The Provisional Advisory Level (PAL) protocol was applied to estimate inhalation exposure limits for phosgene (CG). Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures for the general public. For background on the PAL program and a description of the methodology used in deriving PALs, the reader is referred to accompanying papers in this Supplement. Data on humans are limited to occupational exposures or accounts from the use of phosgene as a chemical warfare agent in World War I. Animal studies with phosgene show a steep dose-response curve for pulmonary edema and mortality, with little species variability in effects. Although immediately upon exposure lacrimation and upper respiratory irritation can occur, the main effect in the target organ, a progressive pulmonary edema, occurs after a latency period of 1-24 hours. PAL estimates were approved by the Expert Consultation Panel for Provisional Advisory Levels in May 2007. Exposure limits for oral exposure to CG are not developed due to insufficient data. PAL estimates for inhalation exposure to CG are presented: The 24-hour PAL values for severity levels 1, 2, and 3 are 0.0017, 0.0033 and 0.022 ppm, respectively. The 30- and 90-day PAL values are 0.0006 and 0.0012 ppm for the PAL I and 2 values, respectively. These inhalation values were also accepted as the 2-year PAL I and 2 values because severity of lesions in the key study did not increase when exposures were extended from 4 weeks to 12 weeks. Data were not available for deriving 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year PAL 3 values. C1 [Glass, Dana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McClanahan, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. [Adeshina, Femi] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Glass, D (reprint author), 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM glassd@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [1824-SB70-T1, DW-8992241401, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was prepared under two Interagency Agreements (IAGs): IAG No. 1824-SB70-T1 with the U.S. Department of Energy and IAG No. DW-8992241401 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessaxily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 SU 3 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.3109/08958370903202820 PG 22 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 544GW UT WOS:000273643600005 PM 19827940 ER PT J AU El-Masri, HA Dowd, S Pegram, RA Harrison, R Yavanhxay, SJ Simmons, JE Evans, M AF El-Masri, Hisham A. Dowd, Sean Pegram, Rex A. Harrison, Randy Yavanhxay, Sisouphanh J. Simmons, Jane Ellen Evans, Marina TI Development of an inhalation physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for 2,2, 4-trimethylpentane (TMP) in male Long-Evans rats using gas uptake experiments SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas uptake inhalation; isooctane; PBPK; sensitivity analysis; TMP ID MOMENTARY BRAIN CONCENTRATION; ACUTE TOLUENE EXPOSURE; VISUAL FUNCTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; DOSIMETRIC ANALYSIS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; HYDROCARBON; TOXICOLOGY; SYSTEM; VALUES AB 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (TMP) is a volatile colorless liquid used primarily to increase the octane rating of combustible fuels. TMP is released in the environment through the manufacture, use, and disposal of products associated with the gasoline and petroleum industry. Short-term inhalation exposure to TMP (< 4 h; > 1000 ppm) caused sensory and motor irritations in rats and mice. Like many volatile hydrocarbons, acute exposure to TMP may also be expected to alter neurological functions. To estimate in vivo metabolic kinetics of TMP and to predict its target tissue dosimetry during inhalation exposures, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for the chemical in Long-Evans male rats using closed-chamber gas-uptake experiments. Gas-uptake experiments were conducted in which rats (80-90 days old) were exposed to targeted initial TMP concentrations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm. The model consisted of compartments for the closed uptake chamber, lung, fat, kidney, liver, brain, and rapidly and slowly perfused tissues. Physiological parameters were obtained from literature. Partition coefficients for the model were experimentally determined for air/blood, fat, liver, kidney, muscle, and brain using vial equilibration methods. Common to other hydrocarbons, metabolism of TMP via oxidative reactions is assumed to mainly occur in the liver. The PBPK model simulations of the closed chamber data were used to estimate in vivo metabolic parameters for TMP in male Long-Evans rats. C1 [El-Masri, Hisham A.; Dowd, Sean; Pegram, Rex A.; Harrison, Randy; Yavanhxay, Sisouphanh J.; Simmons, Jane Ellen; Evans, Marina] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Enivronmental Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP El-Masri, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Enivronmental Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Attn MD-B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM el-masri.hisham@epa.gov OI Dowd, Sean/0000-0002-1444-1603 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 14 BP 1176 EP 1185 DI 10.3109/08958370903005751 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 543ZH UT WOS:000273620100004 PM 19922404 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY AF Menetrez, Marc Yves TI Brother's Keeper SO ISLE-INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 [Menetrez, Marc Yves] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Menetrez, Marc Yves] Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1076-0962 J9 ISLE-INTERDISCIP STU JI ISLE-Interdiscip. Stud. Lit. Env. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1093/isle/isn029 PG 6 WC Literature SC Literature GA 674RX UT WOS:000283767100010 ER PT J AU Alexis, NE Zhou, HB Lay, JC Harris, B Hernandez, ML Lu, TS Bromberg, PA Diaz-Sanchez, D Devlin, RB Kleeberger, SR Peden, DB AF Alexis, Neil E. Zhou, Haibo Lay, John C. Harris, Bradford Hernandez, Michelle L. Lu, Tsui-Shan Bromberg, Philip A. Diaz-Sanchez, David Devlin, Robert B. Kleeberger, Steven R. Peden, David B. TI The glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 null genotype modulates ozone-induced airway inflammation in human subjects SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1; ozone; pollution; inflammation; polymorphonuclear neutrophil; macrophage; dendritic cell ID ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTHY-INDIVIDUALS; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; ALLERGIC RESPONSES; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PASSIVE SMOKING; IN-VIVO; EXPOSURE; GSTM1 AB Background: The glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) null genotype has been reported to be a risk factor for acute respiratory disease associated with increases in ambient air ozone levels. Ozone is known to cause an immediate decrease in lung function and increased airway inflammation. However, it is not known whether GSTM1 modulates these ozone responses in vivo in human subjects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the GSTM1 null genotype modulates ozone responses in human subjects. Methods: Thirty-five healthy volunteers were genotyped for the GSTM1 null mutation and underwent a standard ozone exposure protocol to determine whether lung function and inflammatory responses to ozone were different between the 19 GSTM1 wild type and 16 GSTM1 null volunteers. Results: GSTM1 did not modulate lung function responses to acute ozone. Granulocyte influx 4 hours after challenge was similar between GSTM1 normal and null volunteers. However, GSTM1 null volunteers had significantly increased airway neutrophils 24 hours after challenge, as well as increased expression of HLA-DR on airway macrophages and dendritic cells. Conclusion: The GSTM1 null genotype is associated with increased airways inflammation 24 hours after ozone exposure, which is consistent with the lag time observed between increased ambient air ozone exposure and exacerbations of lung disease. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:1222-8.) C1 [Alexis, Neil E.; Zhou, Haibo; Lay, John C.; Harris, Bradford; Hernandez, Michelle L.; Lu, Tsui-Shan; Bromberg, Philip A.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bromberg, Philip A.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Alexis, Neil E.; Lay, John C.; Harris, Bradford; Hernandez, Michelle L.; Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhou, Haibo; Lu, Tsui-Shan] Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Peden, DB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Sch Med, 104 Mason Farm Rd,CB 7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM peden@med.unc.edu RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [R01ES012706, P30ES010126, P01AT002620]; US Environmental Protection Agency [CR-83346301]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Division of Intramural Research FX Supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01ES012706, P30ES010126, and P01AT002620. US Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Agreement CR-83346301, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Division of Intramural Research. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Cooperative agreement CR-83346301 with the Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 124 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1228 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.036 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 536VH UT WOS:000273071500013 PM 19796798 ER PT J AU Mohammadi, Z Field, M AF Mohammadi, Zargham Field, Malcolm TI ON THE TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF KARST AQUIFERS, ZAGROS REGION, IRAN: A GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Appalachian Karst Symposium CY MAY 07-10, 2008 CL E Tennessee State Univ, Gray Fossil Site, Johnson, TN SP Gen Shale Brick Nat Hist Museum, ETSU, Off Res & Sponsored Program, ESRI, Software Co, Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat Nat Heritage Program, Virginia Cave Board HO E Tennessee State Univ, Gray Fossil Site ID FOLD-THRUST BELT; TIME-SERIES; HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSES; GROUNDWATER; RAINFALL; SPRINGS; SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; SPACE AB A geostatistical approach was used to study temporal Structures in a time series of discharge and electrical conductivity (EC) in 15 karst springs from the Zagros mountain range, Iran. Two types of temporal behaviors, a periodic structure and nugget effect, plus one or two temporal structures, were identified and interpreted. These correspond to characteristics of karst systems, such as the catchment area, percent of conduit flow, and general degree of karst development. Springs were grouped into three categories based on their ranges (e.g., residence time) obtained by variogram analysis. The first group of springs include those that present the same temporal behaviour in variograms of discharge and EC. These springs are characterized by generally constant EC with increasing discharge suggesting the existence of a large underground reservoir. The second group of springs are those with varying temporal periodic behavior in variograms of discharge and EC. Positive correlation between discharge and EC values is the main characteristic of these springs and is interpreted to result from a piston-flow system in poorly developed karst aquifers. The third group of springs includes those that exhibit different temporal behaviors when compared with the periodic and non-periodic variograms. This group exhibits a negative correlation in scatterplots of discharge versus EC values suggesting a well-developed solution-conduit system that facilitates rapid response of the karst system to precipitation events. This study's results document the role of variogram analysis in delineating temporal structures of spring behaviors by means of time series of discharge and EC. Variogram analysis can be considered as a valuable tool for hydrogeological investigations in karstic terranes. C1 [Mohammadi, Zargham] Shiraz Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Shiraz, Iran. [Field, Malcolm] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mohammadi, Z (reprint author), Shiraz Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Shiraz, Iran. EM zmohamad@shirazu.ac.ir; field.malcolm@epa.gov OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 3 BP 210 EP 226 DI 10.4311/jcks2009es0079 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 534JU UT WOS:000272893200007 ER PT J AU Batiuk, RA Breitburg, DL Diaz, RJ Cronin, TM Secor, DH Thursby, G AF Batiuk, Richard A. Breitburg, Denise L. Diaz, Robert J. Cronin, Thomas M. Secor, David H. Thursby, Glen TI Derivation of habitat-specific dissolved oxygen criteria for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Chesapeake Bay; Designated uses; Dissolved oxygen; Water quality criteria ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; ANCHOA-MITCHILLI EGGS; STRIPED BASS; ATLANTIC STURGEON; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; CYNOSCION-REGALIS; HISTORICAL TRENDS; PERIODIC HYPOXIA; FISH LARVAE AB The Chesapeake 2000 Agreement committed its state and federal signatories to "define the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources" in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) and its tidal tributaries. Hypoxia is one of the key water quality issues addressed as a result of the above Agreement. This paper summarizes the protection goals and specific criteria intended to achieve those goals for addressing hypoxia. The criteria take into account the variety of Bay habitats and the tendency towards low dissolved oxygen in some areas of the Bay. Stressful dissolved oxygen conditions were characterized for a diverse array of living resources of the Chesapeake Bay by different aquatic habitats: migratory fish spawning and nursery, shallow-water, open-water, deep-water, and deep-channel. The dissolved oxygen criteria derived for each of these habitats are intended to protect against adverse effects on survival, growth, reproduction and behavior. The criteria accommodate both spatial and temporal aspects of low oxygen events, and have been adopted into the Chesapeake Bay states - Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware - and the District of Columbia's water quality standards regulations. These criteria, now in the form of state regulatory standards, are driving an array of land-based and wastewater pollution reduction actions across the six-watershed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batiuk, Richard A.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Breitburg, Denise L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Diaz, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, USGS Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Thursby, Glen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Batiuk, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM batiuk.richard@epa.gov RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827 NR 131 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 381 SU 1 BP S204 EP S215 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.023 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 525HV UT WOS:000272206800021 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Paton, PWC AF McKinney, Richard A. Paton, Peter W. C. TI Breeding birds associated with seasonal pools in the northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; ephemeral pond; isolated wetland; New England; occupancy modeling; seasonal pool; vernal pool ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; AVIFAUNA; PONDS AB Seasonal pools in the northeastern United States provide habitat for amphibians and invertebrates, but little is known about their importance as habitat for birds. We examined avian community composition at seasonal pools in Rhode Island to test the hypothesis that seasonal pools would support a greater abundance and diversity of birds than nearby upland sites. From mid-May to June 2008, we conducted point counts at 33 paired sets of seasonal pools and upland sites that were 150 m apart. Bird abundance and diversity was significantly higher at seasonal pools than upland sites, whereas community composition as measured by evenness was similar. We also found that the mean abundance of birds was significantly greater at urban pools than rural pools. Our results suggest that birds preferentially use seasonal pools, particularly in more urban settings, adding to the body of evidence that supports the protection and restoration of small isolated wetlands in urban landscapes. C1 [McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Paton, Peter W. C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-09-045] FX We thank R. Cournoyer, B. Sherman, W. Munns, and W. Berry for their assistance with field data collection. M. Charpentier provided land use analysis and mapping of the study sites. We also thank A. Curtis for providing logistical and access information on our study sites, and for invaluable assistance with occupancy modeling. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This is the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution number AED-09-045. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00244.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 525BM UT WOS:000272188100008 ER PT J AU Watson, JP Murray, R Hart, WE AF Watson, Jean-Paul Murray, Regan Hart, William E. TI Formulation and Optimization of Robust Sensor Placement Problems for Drinking Water Contamination Warning Systems SO JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Water distribution systems; Public safety; Optimization; Optimization models; Risk management; Probe instruments; Water pollution ID NETWORKS; RISK AB The sensor placement problem in contamination warning system design for municipal water distribution networks involves maximizing the protection level afforded by limited numbers of sensors, typically quantified as the expected impact of a contamination event; the issue of how to mitigate against high-consequence events is either handled implicitly or ignored entirely. Consequently, expected-case sensor placements run the risk of failing to protect against high-consequence 9/11-style attacks. In contrast, robust sensor placements address this concern by focusing strictly on high-consequence events and placing sensors to minimize the impact of these events. We introduce several robust variations of the sensor placement problem, distinguished by how they quantify the potential damage due to high-consequence events. We explore the nature of robust versus expected-case sensor placements on three real-world large-scale distribution networks. We find that robust sensor placements can yield large reductions in the number and magnitude of high-consequence events, with only modest increases in expected impact. The ability to trade-off between robust and expected-case impacts is a key unexplored dimension in contamination warning system design. C1 [Murray, Regan] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM jwatson@sandia.gov; Murray.Regan@epamail.epa.gov; wehart@sandia.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW8992192801]; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multipurpose laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Interagency Agreement No. DW8992192801 with the Department of Energy. This research has been subjected to the Agency's review and has been approved for publication. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Agency, the United States Government, or Sandia Corporation. The writers acknowledge assistance from Harvey Greenberg and Tod Morrison (for model development), in addition to Lee Ann Riesen and Jonathan Berry (for software and algorithm support). The writers would also like to acknowledge the constructive detailed comments from the referees. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1076-0342 J9 J INFRASTRUCT SYST JI J. Infrastruct. Syst. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:4(330) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 520FX UT WOS:000271827600010 ER PT J AU Senthilselvan, A Chenard, L Kirychuk, S Predicala, B Schwartz, DA Burch, LH Rennie, DC Willson, PJ Dosman, JA AF Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan Chenard, Liliane Kirychuk, Shelley Predicala, Bernardo Schwartz, David A. Burch, Lauranell H. Rennie, Donna C. Willson, Philip J. Dosman, James A. TI Gender-Related Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Responses in Naive Volunteers With Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms Exposed in a Swine Confinement Facility SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LUNG-FUNCTION; DUST; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INHALATION; BUILDINGS; MUTATIONS AB The aim of this work is to better understand the responses of people that are exposed to agricultural organic dust and other factors in modern swine production. We investigated the effects of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genotype and gender on respiratory responses of naive volunteers (18-28 years) to swine barn exposure. Non-smoking healthy subjects (16 men and 13 women) with TLR4 299 (Asp299Gly) and/ or 399 (Thr399Ile) polymorphisms (TLR4 299/399) and age-sex matched subjects with TLR4 wild-type alleles spent 5 h in a nonexposed environment (baseline day) and 5 h in a swine facility (exposure day). The results showed significant decreases between baseline and exposure days in across-shift forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), forced midexpiratory flow rate (FEF(25-75)), and FEV(1)/FVC ratio and in methacholine concentration that reduced FEV1 by 20% (PC(20)) in all groups; however, there were no differences by sex or genotype. Similarly, nasal cytokines, serum cytokines, and blood neutrophil count increased after exposure; in contrast, however, these were influenced by gender. The increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) between baseline and exposure was gender-dependent with male sex associated with a significant increase in the wild-type group and female sex associated with a significant increase in the polymorphic group. These results suggest that for persons exposed to a swine facility, one's immunological response varies with gender as well as TLR4 genotype. C1 [Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Chenard, Liliane; Kirychuk, Shelley; Rennie, Donna C.; Willson, Philip J.; Dosman, James A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Ctr Hlth & Safety Agr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Predicala, Bernardo] Prairie Swine Ctr Inc, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Burch, Lauranell H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Senthilselvan, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 13-106B Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. EM sentil@ualberta.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-57907] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant no: MOP-57907). The authors want to acknowledge the technical support provided by Evelyne Assayag, Randine Sorowski, and Natasha Thiessen. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 12 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.1089/jir.2009.0002 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 533TN UT WOS:000272848300002 PM 19929430 ER PT J AU Nelson, KC Andow, DA Banker, MJ AF Nelson, Kristen C. Andow, David A. Banker, Michael J. TI Problem Formulation and Option Assessment (PFOA) Linking Governance and Environmental Risk Assessment for Technologies: A Methodology for Problem Analysis of Nanotechnologies and Genetically Engineered Organisms SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-THERAPY; OVERSIGHT; BIOTECHNOLOGY; SCIENCE; NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY; NANOMATERIALS; STRATEGIES; DEMOCRACY; CITIZEN; POLICY C1 [Andow, David A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Andow, David A.] Natl Acad Sci, USDA, EPA, FAO,WTO,NAFTA, Washington, DC USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0608791] FX This work was supported by our colleagues who helped design and evaluate the PFOA, the International Project on GMO Environmental Risk Assessment Methodologies, and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Special thanks to Stephanie Souter and Christine Lee for their assistance. Preparation of this article was also supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant no. 0608791. This article presents the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-1105 EI 1748-720X J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 4 SI SI BP 732 EP 748 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00444.x PG 17 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 537NW UT WOS:000273120700015 PM 20122113 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Daniel, FB Morrison, MA Troyer, ME Lazorchak, JM Schubauer-Berigan, JP AF Griffith, Michael B. Daniel, F. Bernard Morrison, Matthew A. Troyer, Michael E. Lazorchak, James M. Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. TI Linking Excess Nutrients, Light, and Fine Bedded Sediments to Impacts on Faunal Assemblages in Headwater Agricultural Streams1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; sediment fines; canopy cover; direct and indirect impacts; fish; macroinvertebrates; periphyton; path analysis ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; PATH-ANALYSIS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PERIPHYTON; ILLINOIS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES AB Biological impairments in streams are typically defined by regulatory agencies in terms of altered invertebrate or fish assemblages. While nutrients, canopy cover, and sediment fines contribute to these impairments, these stressors are often defined, at least in part, by their impacts on periphyton. Path analysis can extend these assessments to impacts on invertebrates and fish by characterizing the direct and indirect relationships among variables along defined model pathways. With data from headwater tributaries in the Little Miami River, Ohio, we tested models of the impacts of nutrients [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and the nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratio], the percentage of (%) open canopy, and the % sand and fines on three periphyton metrics [periphytic ash-free dry mass (AFDM), the percent abundance of cyanobacteria (% cyanobacteria), and the percent abundance of Chlorophyta (% Chlorophyta)] and, in turn, on selected invertebrate or fish metrics. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a statistical model that assesses the direct and indirect impacts of excess nutrients on macroinvertebrate and fish in these streams and demonstrate how this approach might be applicable elsewhere. The results suggest indirect pathways for the influences of nutrients, canopy cover, and fine bedded sediments on invertebrates or fish that are mediated by their influences on periphyton. This is in addition to any direct impacts of these stressors on the invertebrate and fish metrics. In most models, all three periphyton metrics increased with % open canopy. Periphytic AFDM increased with TN, while % cyanobacteria decreased. The % cyanobacteria also decreased with % sand and fines, but % Chlorophyta increased. The metrics, percent abundance of (%) three most dominant (macroinvertebrate) taxa, % Trichoptera, and % herbivorous fish all increased with periphytic AFDM, while % climbers, % swimmers, and %Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque decreased. Lepomis cyanellus is an indicator species, because it is generally common in these streams and relatively tolerant to various common environmental stressors. The % three most dominant macroinvertebrate taxa increased while % Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) and %L. cyanellus decreased with % cyanobacteria. The % Trichoptera and %L. cyanellus increased with % Chlorophyta. Some macroinvertebrate metrics, such as the % burrowers and number of burrower taxa, did not have any statistically significant relationships with the periphyton metrics but did exhibit a direct pathway with % sand and fines. These analyses illustrate how path analysis can be used to estimate the relationships among the variables in a conceptual model, modify the model, assess the relative importance of different paths, and explore responses resulting from stressors with interacting and indirect impacts. C1 [Griffith, Michael B.; Troyer, Michael E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Daniel, F. Bernard; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Morrison, Matthew A.; Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM griffith.michael@epa.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph/B-3260-2009 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development; National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA); National Exposure Research Laboratory; National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio FX Field sampling, laboratory analyses, data collection and analysis, and preparation of this manuscript were funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development as part of a cross laboratories and center collaboration among the divisions of the National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), the National Exposure Research Laboratory, and the National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. Comments by S. Cormier and G. Suter (USEPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH) and two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of the manuscript. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1492 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00379.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 528JD UT WOS:000272439300013 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Pearson, MS Bolgrien, DW Jicha, TM Taylor, DL Hill, BH AF Angradi, Ted R. Pearson, Mark S. Bolgrien, David W. Jicha, Terri M. Taylor, Debra L. Hill, Brian H. TI Multimetric macroinvertebrate indices for mid-continent US great rivers SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE great rivers; Upper Mississippi River; Missouri River; Ohio River; benthic macroinvertebrates; stressor gradient; index of condition; assessment; reference expectation ID LARGE EUROPEAN RIVERS; ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS STREAMS; INVERTEBRATE TRAITS; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; UPPER MISSISSIPPI; OHIO RIVER; BIOASSESSMENT; MISSOURI AB We developed a set of great-river macroinvertebrate indices of condition (GRMINs) for the littoral benthos of mid-continent great rivers in the US (Missouri, Upper Mississippi, and Ohio). We used a multiscale (site, reach, landscape), multimetric abiotic stressor gradient to select macroinvertebrate assemblage metrics sensitive to human disturbance. We used the same stressor gradient to derive reference expectations by empirical modeling. We developed GRMINs for each of 5 reaches: the upper Missouri River, the lower Missouri River, the unimpounded Upper Mississippi River, the impounded Upper Mississippi River, and the Ohio River. We created 2 versions of each index. One version was based on the absolute value (AV) of the correlation between invertebrate metrics and the stressor gradient and potentially included all types of metrics (e.g., diversity, composition, tolerance to pollution, feeding guild). The second version included no tolerance-value-based metrics (NTV). Each index included up to 10 metrics. The indices were reliable for general assessment of great-river aquatic conditions except in the unimpounded Upper Mississippi River. The AV and NTV versions of the GRMIN were highly correlated (r = 0.94). The indices revealed longitudinal variation in condition on great-river reaches and among-river variation in relative condition. No sites near or <100 km downriver of Kansas City, Missouri, on the Missouri River or Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, on the Upper Mississippi River were in least-disturbed condition. GRMIN indices are an indicator of biotic response to general human disturbance. They are appropriate for local and regional-scale ecological assessments and long-term monitoring. C1 [Angradi, Ted R.; Pearson, Mark S.; Bolgrien, David W.; Jicha, Terri M.; Taylor, Debra L.; Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM angradi.theodore@epa.gov; pearson.mark@epa.gov; bolgrien.david@epa.gov; jicha.terri@epa.gov; taylor.debra@epa.gov; hill.brian@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 FU USEPA FX We thank Pam Comeleo, Tatiana Nawrocki, Matthew Starry, Roger Meyer, Mary Moffett, and Jesse Adams for help with data management and analysis. Tony Olsen and his team created the survey design. We are especially indebted to the field crews who collected the data. Suggestions by Bruce Chessman, Brent Johnson, David Peck, and Jan Battle improved our paper. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the USEPA. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 785 EP 804 DI 10.1899/09-003.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000004 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Weller, DE Russell, MJ Hothorn, T AF Maloney, Kelly O. Weller, Donald E. Russell, Marc J. Hothorn, Torsten TI Classifying the biological condition of small streams: an example using benthic macroinvertebrates SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stream condition; landscape-scale; land use; random forests; conditional inference; classification and regression trees (CART); ordinal logistic regression; prediction ID LAND-COVER; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHTED KAPPA; RANDOM FORESTS; CLASSIFICATION; URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS; INDICATORS; LANDSCAPE AB The ability to classify the biological condition of unsurveyed streams accurately would be an asset to the conservation and management of streams. We compared the ability of 5 modeling methods (classification and regression trees, conditional inference trees, random forests [RF], conditional random forests [cRF], and ordinal logistic regression) to predict stream biological condition (very poor, poor, fair, or good) based on benthic macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity data taken from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey. Predictor variables included land use and land cover (e.g., impervious surface, row-crop agriculture, and population density) and landscape measures (annual precipitation and watershed area). We included 1561 sites on small nontidal streams in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We used 1248 sites (80%) as a training data set to build models and 313 sites (20%) as an independent evaluation data set. RF and cRF models most accurately predicted observed integrity scores in the evaluation data set, but we selected the cRF as the best model because of weaknesses in the RF model (e.g., biased variable selection). Percent impervious surface was the most important variable in the cRF model, and the probability that a site was in very poor or poor biological condition increased rapidly as % impervious cover increased up to 20%. When applied to predict stream biological conditions in all 7908 small nontidal stream reaches in the study area, the cRF model predicted that 33.8% were in fair, 29.9% in good, 22.7% in poor, and 13.6% in very poor biological condition. Our analyses can be used to manage and conserve freshwater and estuarine resources of Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Model predictions for unsurveyed streams can help target field studies to identify high-quality streams deserving of conservation and impaired streams in need of restoration. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.; Weller, Donald E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Russell, Marc J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Hothorn, Torsten] Univ Munich, Inst Stat, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM maloneyk@si.edu; wellerd@si.edu; russell.marc@epamail.epa.gov; torsten.hothorn@stat.uni-muenchen.de RI Hothorn, Torsten/A-3639-2010 OI Hothorn, Torsten/0000-0001-8301-0471 FU US Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [R831369] FX Funding for our work was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant #R831369. Kevin Sigwart, Melissa Whitman, and Katie Sullivan helped with database synthesis and metric calculations. We thank Kathy Boomer, Lori Davias, Leska Fore, Pamela Silver, and 2 anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We thank Andrew Liaw from Merck Research Laboratories for help with the RF algorithm, Frank Harrell, Jr. from Vanderbilt University for assistance with the Design package, and David Koons from Utah State University for assistance with the OLR analysis. We also thank the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for providing benthic macroinvertebrate data sets. The research described in this article has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, but it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 32 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 869 EP 884 DI 10.1899/08-142.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000010 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Purcell, AH Walsh, CJ Wenger, SJ AF Roy, Allison H. Purcell, Alison H. Walsh, Christopher J. Wenger, Seth J. TI Urbanization and stream ecology: five years later SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LANDSCAPE C1 [Purcell, Alison H.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Walsh, Christopher J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Resource Management & Geog, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Wenger, Seth J.] Univ Georgia, River Basin Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Roy, Allison H.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Biol, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM roy@kutztown.edu; apurcell@humboldt.edu; roy@kutztown.edu; swenger@uga.edu RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Walsh, Christopher/B-2552-2009 OI Walsh, Christopher/0000-0002-4181-6722 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 55 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 908 EP 910 DI 10.1899/08-185.1 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000013 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Dybas, AL Fritz, KM Lubbers, HR AF Roy, Allison H. Dybas, Angel L. Fritz, Ken M. Lubbers, Hannah R. TI Urbanization affects the extent and hydrologic permanence of headwater streams in a midwestern US metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY MAY, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE headwater streams; flow permanence; hydrology; urban; forest; ephemeral; intermittent; perennial; mapping ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; DRAINAGE DENSITY; UNITED-STATES; WATER YIELD; INTERMITTENT; GROUNDWATER; CHANNEL; RIVER; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS AB Headwater streams dominate natural landscapes and provide essential functions for downstream waters. However, because of minimal legal protection, they often are piped or buried to accommodate urban growth. Urbanization also alters stream base flows. The combined impact of these factors on channel location is unknown. We assessed the effects of urbanization on the location and length of ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams. We randomly selected 150 of 6686 potential channel origins in Hamilton County (Cincinnati), Ohio, USA, for field assessments, and mapped 122 ephemeral, 74 intermittent, and 45 perennial flow origins in these channels. On average, 1:100,000- and 1:24,000-scale US Geological Survey maps underestimated channel length by 85% and 78%, respectively. Mean catchment areas for ephemeral and intermittent flow origins were smaller in forested (0.66 ha and 3.60 ha, respectively) than in urban areas (5.13 ha and 6.79 ha, respectively). These values indicate 93% and 46% county-wide losses of ephemeral and intermittent channel length, respectively, with urbanization. In contrast, the mean catchment area for perennial flow origins was larger in forested (48.12 ha) than in urban (31.22 ha) areas, resulting in a 22% gain in perennial channel length with urban development. Increased perennial channel length was partially explained by reduced forest cover, a result suggesting that reduced evapotranspiration can significantly increase stream base flows. Most variation (59-74%) in catchment area of ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial flow origins was explained by catchment relief, with higher relief corresponding to smaller catchments. Urbanization can decrease (e.g., via reduced infiltration) or increase (e.g., via lawn irrigation and septic tanks) the permanence of flows, thus confounding any overall effect of urban land cover on hydrologic permanence. Site-specific differences in physiography (e.g., bedrock, springs) and landscape management (e.g., stream impoundments) suggest that field surveys are necessary for accurate stream delineation. These results highlight the extensive effects of urbanization on the presence and hydrologic permanence of headwater streams, raise issues with current jurisdictional policy in the US, and emphasize the need to examine the cumulative effects of headwater stream loss on downstream ecosystems. C1 [Roy, Allison H.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dybas, Angel L.] Cornell Cooperat Extens Suffolk Cty, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. [Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lubbers, Hannah R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Biochem, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM roy@kutztown.edu; ald68@cornell.edu; fritz.ken@epa.gov; goobers192002@yahoo.com RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 30 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 911 EP 928 DI 10.1899/08-178.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000014 ER PT J AU Wenger, SJ Roy, AH Jackson, CR Bernhardt, ES Carter, TL Filoso, S Gibson, CA Hession, WC Kaushal, SS Marti, E Meyer, JL Palmer, MA Paul, MJ Purcell, AH Ramirez, A Rosemond, AD Schofield, KA Sudduth, EB Walsh, CJ AF Wenger, Seth J. Roy, Allison H. Jackson, C. Rhett Bernhardt, Emily S. Carter, Timothy L. Filoso, Solange Gibson, Catherine A. Hession, W. Cully Kaushal, Sujay S. Marti, Eugenia Meyer, Judy L. Palmer, Margaret A. Paul, Michael J. Purcell, Alison H. Ramirez, Alonso Rosemond, Amy D. Schofield, Kate A. Sudduth, Elizabeth B. Walsh, Christopher J. TI Twenty-six key research questions in urban stream ecology: an assessment of the state of the science SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY MAY, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE urbanization; impervious surface; stressors; management; ecosystem function; community structure ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; CATCHMENT URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; LEAF-LITTER; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; THRESHOLD RESPONSES; NITROGEN ENRICHMENT AB Urban streams have been the focus of much research in recent years, but many questions about the mechanisms driving the urban stream syndrome remain unanswered. Identification of key research questions is an important step toward effective, efficient management of urban streams to meet societal goals. We developed a list of priority research questions by: 1) soliciting input from interested scientists via a listserv and online survey, 2) holding an open discussion on the questions at the Second Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology, and 3) reviewing the literature in the preparation of this paper. We present the resulting list of 26 questions in the context of a review and summary of the present understanding of urban effects on streams. The key questions address major gaps in our understanding of ecosystem structure and function responses (e.g., what are the Sublethal impacts of urbanization on biota?), characteristics of urban stream stressors (e.g., can we identify clusters of covarying stressors?), and management strategies (e.g., what are appropriate indicators of ecosystem structure and function to use as management targets?). The identified research needs highlight our limited understanding of mechanisms driving the urban stream syndrome and the variability in characteristics of the effects of urbanization across different biogeoclimatic conditions, stages of development, government policies, and cultural norms. We discuss how to proceed with appropriate management activities given our current incomplete understanding of the urban stream syndrome. C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Carter, Timothy L.] Univ Georgia, River Basin Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Roy, Allison H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.; Sudduth, Elizabeth B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Filoso, Solange; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Palmer, Margaret A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Gibson, Catherine A.] Skidmore Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [Hession, W. Cully] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Marti, Eugenia] Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes CSIC, Limnol Grp, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. [Meyer, Judy L.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Lopez Isl, WA 98261 USA. [Paul, Michael J.] Tetra Tech Inc, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Purcell, Alison H.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resources Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ramirez, Alonso] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Rosemond, Amy D.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schofield, Kate A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Walsh, Christopher J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Resource Management & Geog, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, River Basin Ctr, 110 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM swenger@uga.edu; roy.allison@epamail.epa.gov; rjackson@warnell.uga.edu; ebernhar@duke.edu; tlcarter@gmail.com; filoso@cbl.umces.edu; cgibson@skidmore.edu; chession@vt.edu; kaushal@cbl.umces.edu; eugenia@ceab.csic.es; jlmeyer@uga.edu; mpalmer@umd.edu; michael.paul@tetratech.com; alison.purcell@humboldt.edu; alonso_ites@yahoo.com; rosemond@uga.edu; schofield.kate@epamail.epa.gov; esudduth@duke.edu; cwalsh@unimelb.edu.au RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Ramirez, Alonso/E-4462-2012; Marti, Eugenia/J-9146-2012; Walsh, Christopher/B-2552-2009; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; Filoso, Solange/G-4461-2015; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Ramirez, Alonso/0000-0001-9985-5719; Marti, Eugenia/0000-0002-6910-4874; Walsh, Christopher/0000-0002-4181-6722; Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556 NR 135 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 7 U2 160 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1098 DI 10.1899/08-186.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000025 ER PT J AU Walilko, T North, C Young, LA Lux, WE Warden, DL Jaffee, MS Moore, DF AF Walilko, Timothy North, Carol Young, Lee Ann Lux, Warren E. Warden, Deborah L. Jaffee, Michael S. Moore, David F. TI Head Injury as a PTSD Predictor Among Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Posttraumatic stress disorder; Head injury; Injury correlation ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY AB Background: The aim of the Oklahoma City (OKC) bombing retrospective review was to investigate the relationship between physical injury, environmental contributors, and psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an event-based, matched design study focused on injury. Methods: The 182 selected participants were a random subset of the 1,092 direct survivors from the OKC bombing. Only 124 of these 182 cases had a full complement of medical/clinical data in the OKC database. These 124 cases were assessed to explore relationships among PTSD diagnoses, levels of blast exposure, and physical injuries. Associations among variables were statistically tested using contingency analysis and logistic regression. Results: Comparison of the PTSD cases to symptoms/diagnoses reported in the medical records reveals a statistically significant association between PTSD and head/brain injuries associated with head acceleration. PTSD was not highly correlated with other injuries. Although blast pressure and impulse were highly correlated with head injuries, the correlation with PTSD was not statistically significant. Thus, a correlation between blast pressure and PTSD may exist, but higher fidelity pressure calculations are required to elucidate this potential relationship. Conclusions: This study provides clear evidence that head injury is associated with subsequent PTSD, giving caregivers' information on what physical injuries may suggest the development of psychologic disorders to aid them in developing a profile for the identification of future survivors of terrorist attacks and Warfighters with brain injuries and potential PTSD. C1 [Warden, Deborah L.; Jaffee, Michael S.; Moore, David F.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DVBIC, HQ, Washington, DC 20012 USA. [Walilko, Timothy; Young, Lee Ann] Appl Res Associates, San Antonio, TX USA. [North, Carol] VA N Texas Hlth Care Syst, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX USA. [North, Carol] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Div Emergency Med, Dept Psychiat & Surg, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Lux, Warren E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Moore, DF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DVBIC, HQ, Room B207,Bldg 1,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM david.f.moore@amedd.army.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation [0000104862] FX Supported by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation contract No. 0000104862 for the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2009 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1311 EP 1319 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31819adc36 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 531IL UT WOS:000272658100038 PM 20009683 ER PT J AU Koran, KM Venosa, AD Luedeker, CC Dunnigan, K Sorial, GA AF Koran, Karen Miller Venosa, Albert D. Luedeker, Christopher C. Dunnigan, Keith Sorial, George A. TI Development and testing of a new protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of oil spill surface washing agents SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Crude oil; Surface washing agents; Chemical countermeasure; Surfactant; Solvent; NCP ID DISPERSANT EFFECTIVENESS; BIOREMEDIATION PRODUCTS AB As defined by the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), a surface washing agent (SWA) is a product that removes oil from solid surfaces, such as beaches, rocks, and concrete, through a detergency mechanism and that does not involve dispersing or solubilizing the oil into the water column. Commercial products require testing to qualify for listing on the NCP Product Schedule. Such testing is conducted both for toxicity and effectiveness. Protocols currently exist for bioremediation agents and dispersants, but not SWAs. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing a laboratory testing protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of SWAs in removing crude oil from a solid substrate. This paper summarizes some of the defining research supporting this new protocol. Multiple variables were tested to determine their effect on SWA performance. The protocol was most sensitive to SWA-to-oil ratio and rotational speed of mixing. Less sensitive variables were contact time, mixing time, and SWA concentration when total applied mass of active product was constant. EPA recommendations for the testing protocol will be made following round robin testing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Koran, Karen Miller; Luedeker, Christopher C.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Dunnigan, Keith] StatKing Consulting Inc, Fairfield, OH 45014 USA. [Sorial, George A.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM koran.karen@epa.gov; Venosa.Albert@epa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1903 EP 1908 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.07.009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 537HP UT WOS:000273104200028 PM 19692099 ER PT J AU Darling, JA Folino-Rorem, NC AF Darling, John A. Folino-Rorem, Nadine C. TI Genetic analysis across different spatial scales reveals multiple dispersal mechanisms for the invasive hydrozoan Cordylophora in the Great Lakes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asexual; Cordylophora; dispersal; fragmentation; invasive species; microsatellite ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; POPULATION-GENETICS; CAULERPA-TAXIFOLIA; SPECIES INVASIONS; RANGE EXPANSION; NORTH-AMERICA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; ARUNDO-DONAX; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB Discerning patterns of post-establishment spread by invasive species is critically important for the design of effective management strategies and the development of appropriate theoretical models predicting spatial expansion of introduced populations. The globally invasive colonial hydrozoan Cordylophora produces propagules both sexually and vegetatively and is associated with multiple potential dispersal mechanisms, making it a promising system to investigate complex patterns of population structure generated throughout the course of rapid range expansion. Here, we explore genetic patterns associated with the spread of this taxon within the North American Great Lakes basin. We collected intensively from eight harbours in the Chicago area in order to conduct detailed investigation of local population expansion. In addition, we collected from Lakes Michigan, Erie, and Ontario, as well as Lake Cayuga in the Finger Lakes of upstate New York in order to assess genetic structure on a regional scale. Based on data from eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci we examined the spatial extent of clonal genotypes, assessed levels of neutral genetic diversity, and explored patterns of migration and dispersal at multiple spatial scales through assessment of population level genetic differentiation (pairwise F(ST) and factorial correspondence analysis), Bayesian inference of population structure, and assignment tests on individual genotypes. Results of these analyses indicate that Cordylophora populations in this region spread predominantly through sexually produced propagules, and that while limited natural larval dispersal can drive expansion locally, regional expansion likely relies on anthropogenic dispersal vectors. C1 [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA. [Folino-Rorem, Nadine C.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. RP Darling, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA. EM darling.john@epa.gov FU G. W. Aldeen Memorial Fund; Wheaton Alumni Association from Wheaton College, IL, USA FX The authors wish to thank Meghan Brown, Jennifer Busch, Mathew Duggan, Chad Klopfenstein, Parry MacDonald, Emily Mindrebo, Kristen Page, Ed Masteller and Doug Rorem for logistical assistance with sample collection. Kenneth Oswald and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NCF-R was supported in part by the G. W. Aldeen Memorial Fund and the Wheaton Alumni Association from Wheaton College, IL, USA. NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 23 BP 4827 EP 4840 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04405.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 521EZ UT WOS:000271904400008 PM 19889038 ER PT J AU Makiela-Dzbenska, K Jaszczur, M Banach-Orlowska, M Jonczyk, P Schaaper, RM Fijalkowska, IJ AF Makiela-Dzbenska, Karolina Jaszczur, Malgorzata Banach-Orlowska, Magdalena Jonczyk, Piotr Schaaper, Roel M. Fijalkowska, Iwona J. TI Role of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in chromosomal DNA replication fidelity SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOS MUTATOR ACTIVITY; BETA-SLIDING-CLAMP; III HOLOENZYME; POL-II; TRANSLESION SYNTHESIS; INDUCED MUTAGENESIS; ADAPTIVE MUTATION; LAGGING-STRAND; GENETIC REQUIREMENTS; MUTANTS AB P>We have investigated the possible role of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase (Pol) I in chromosomal replication fidelity. This was done by substituting the chromosomal polA gene by the polAexo variant containing an inactivated 3'-> 5' exonuclease, which serves as a proofreader for this enzyme's misinsertion errors. Using this strain, activities of Pol I during DNA replication might be detectable as increases in the bacterial mutation rate. Using a series of defined lacZ reversion alleles in two orientations on the chromosome as markers for mutagenesis, 1.5- to 4-fold increases in mutant frequencies were observed. In general, these increases were largest for lac orientations favouring events during lagging strand DNA replication. Further analysis of these effects in strains affected in other E. coli DNA replication functions indicated that this polAexo mutator effect is best explained by an effect that is additive compared with other error-producing events at the replication fork. No evidence was found that Pol I participates in the polymerase switching between Pol II, III and IV at the fork. Instead, our data suggest that the additional errors produced by polAexo are created during the maturation of Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand. C1 [Makiela-Dzbenska, Karolina; Jaszczur, Malgorzata; Banach-Orlowska, Magdalena; Jonczyk, Piotr; Fijalkowska, Iwona J.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, Warsaw, Poland. [Schaaper, Roel M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Fijalkowska, IJ (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland. EM iwonaf@ibb.waw.pl RI Makiela-Dzbenska, Karolina/E-6751-2016; Fijalkowska, Iwona/I-7796-2016 FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [2 P04A 061 30, N301 030034]; NIH [Z01 ES065086]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank Drs Aneta Kaniak, Adrianna Skoneczna and Jaroslaw Ciesla for support with the PCR experiments, and Drs Thomas Kunkel and Mark Itsko of the NIEHS for their careful reading of the manuscript for this paper. This work was supported by Grant 2 P04A 061 30 (to K.M.-D., M.J., I.J.F. and P.J.) and Grant N301 030034 (to I.J.F. and K.M.-D.) from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and by funds allocated to project number Z01 ES065086 of the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 77 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1114 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06921.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 524GG UT WOS:000272131200007 PM 19843230 ER PT J AU Simon-Sanchez, J Schulte, C Bras, JM Sharma, M Gibbs, JR Berg, D Paisan-Ruiz, C Lichtner, P Scholz, SW Hernandez, DG Kruger, R Federoff, M Klein, C Goate, A Perlmutter, J Bonin, M Nalls, MA Illig, T Gieger, C Houlden, H Steffens, M Okun, MS Racette, BA Cookson, MR Foote, KD Fernandez, HH Traynor, BJ Schreiber, S Arepalli, S Zonozi, R Gwinn, K van der Brug, M Lopez, G Chanock, SJ Schatzkin, A Park, Y Hollenbeck, A Gao, JJ Huang, XM Wood, NW Lorenz, D Deuschl, G Chen, HL Riess, O Hardy, JA Singleton, AB Gasser, T AF Simon-Sanchez, Javier Schulte, Claudia Bras, Jose M. Sharma, Manu Gibbs, J. Raphael Berg, Daniela Paisan-Ruiz, Coro Lichtner, Peter Scholz, Sonja W. Hernandez, Dena G. Krueger, Rejko Federoff, Monica Klein, Christine Goate, Alison Perlmutter, Joel Bonin, Michael Nalls, Michael A. Illig, Thomas Gieger, Christian Houlden, Henry Steffens, Michael Okun, Michael S. Racette, Brad A. Cookson, Mark R. Foote, Kelly D. Fernandez, Hubert H. Traynor, Bryan J. Schreiber, Stefan Arepalli, Sampath Zonozi, Ryan Gwinn, Katrina van der Brug, Marcel Lopez, Grisel Chanock, Stephen J. Schatzkin, Arthur Park, Yikyung Hollenbeck, Albert Gao, Jianjun Huang, Xuemei Wood, Nick W. Lorenz, Delia Deuschl, Guenther Chen, Honglei Riess, Olaf Hardy, John A. Singleton, Andrew B. Gasser, Thomas TI Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk underlying Parkinson's disease SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; TAU GENE; HAPLOTYPE; MUTATIONS; SYSTEM; SNCA AB We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 1,713 individuals of European ancestry with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 3,978 controls. After replication in 3,361 cases and 4,573 controls, we observed two strong association signals, one in the gene encoding a-synuclein (SNCA; rs2736990, OR = 1.23, P = 2.24 x 10(-16)) and another at the MAPT locus (rs393152, OR = 0.77, P = 1.95 x 10(-16)). We exchanged data with colleagues performing a GWAS in Japanese PD cases. Association to PD at SNCA was replicated in the Japanese GWAS1, confirming this as a major risk locus across populations. We replicated the effect of a new locus detected in the Japanese cohort (PARK16, rs823128, OR = 0.66, P = 7.29 x 10(-8)) and provide supporting evidence that common variation around LRRK2 modulates risk for PD (rs1491923, OR = 1.14, P = 1.55 x 10(-5)). These data demonstrate an unequivocal role for common genetic variants in the etiology of typical PD and suggest population-specific genetic heterogeneity in this disease. C1 [Schulte, Claudia; Sharma, Manu; Berg, Daniela; Gasser, Thomas] Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany. [Simon-Sanchez, Javier; Bras, Jose M.; Gibbs, J. Raphael; Scholz, Sonja W.; Hernandez, Dena G.; Federoff, Monica; Nalls, Michael A.; Cookson, Mark R.; Traynor, Bryan J.; Arepalli, Sampath; Zonozi, Ryan; van der Brug, Marcel; Singleton, Andrew B.] NIA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simon-Sanchez, Javier] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Sect Med Genom, Dept Clin Genet, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Schulte, Claudia; Sharma, Manu; Berg, Daniela; Gasser, Thomas] German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany. [Bras, Jose M.] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol, Coimbra, Portugal. [Gibbs, J. Raphael; Paisan-Ruiz, Coro; Scholz, Sonja W.; Hernandez, Dena G.; Houlden, Henry; Wood, Nick W.; Hardy, John A.] UCL, Dept Mol Neurosci, Inst Neurol, London, England. [Gibbs, J. Raphael; Paisan-Ruiz, Coro; Scholz, Sonja W.; Hernandez, Dena G.; Houlden, Henry; Wood, Nick W.; Hardy, John A.] UCL, Reta Lila Weston Labs, Inst Neurol, London, England. [Lichtner, Peter] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Human Genet, Neuherberg, Germany. [Klein, Christine] Univ Lubeck, Dept Neurol, Sect Clin & Mol Neurogenet, Lubeck, Germany. [Goate, Alison; Perlmutter, Joel; Racette, Brad A.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Goate, Alison; Perlmutter, Joel; Racette, Brad A.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Bonin, Michael; Riess, Olaf] Univ Tubingen, Inst Human Genet, Dept Med Genet, Tubingen, Germany. [Illig, Thomas; Gieger, Christian] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [Steffens, Michael] Univ Bonn, Inst Med Biometry Informat & Epidemiol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Okun, Michael S.; Foote, Kelly D.; Fernandez, Hubert H.] Univ Florida, Movement Disorders Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Schreiber, Stefan] Univ Kiel, Inst Klin Mol Biol, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Gwinn, Katrina] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [van der Brug, Marcel] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neurosci, Scripps, FL USA. [Lopez, Grisel] NINDS, Parkinsons Dis Clin, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chanock, Stephen J.; Schatzkin, Arthur; Park, Yikyung] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hollenbeck, Albert] AARP, Washington, DC USA. [Gao, Jianjun; Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Kinesiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Huang, Xuemei] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Lorenz, Delia; Deuschl, Guenther] Univ Kiel, Neurol Klin, Univ Klinikum Schleswig Holstein, D-2300 Kiel, Germany. RP Gasser, T (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, Tubingen, Germany. EM singleta@mail.nih.gov; thomas.gasser@uni-tuebingen.de RI Paisan-Ruiz, Coro/C-2912-2009; Schreiber, Stefan/B-6748-2008; Gibbs, J. Raphael/A-3984-2010; Singleton, Andrew/C-3010-2009; Hardy, John/C-2451-2009; Traynor, Bryan/G-5690-2010; Bras, Jose/A-1428-2011; Houlden, Henry/C-1532-2008; Deuschl, Gunther/A-7986-2010; Wood, Nicholas/C-2505-2009; OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779; Gwinn, Katrina/0000-0002-8277-651X; Scholz, Sonja/0000-0002-6623-0429; Steffens, Michael/0000-0002-6445-8593; Park, Yikyung/0000-0002-6281-489X; Schreiber, Stefan/0000-0003-2254-7771; Okun, Michael/0000-0002-6247-9358; Schulte, Claudia/0000-0003-4006-1265; Gieger, Christian/0000-0001-6986-9554; Houlden, Henry/0000-0002-2866-7777; Wood, Nicholas/0000-0002-9500-3348; Bras, Jose/0000-0001-8186-0333 FU Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [Z01 AG000949-02, Z01-ES101986]; Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit (GSF); German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology; State of Bavaria; German National Genome Network [01GS08134]; German Ministry for Education and Research; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) NGFN [01GR0468]; National Institutes of Health NINDS [P30NS05710]; Clinical Sciences Translational Award [RR024992]; Medical Research Council, UK FX The study was additionally funded by the German National Genome Network (NGFNplus #01GS08134; German Ministry for Education and Research) and in addition by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) NGFN (01GR0468). This work also was supported by the National Institutes of Health NINDS P30NS05710 (Neuroscience Blueprint Grant) and Clinical Sciences Translational Award RR024992 to Washington University in St. Louis and the Greater St. Louis Chapter of the American Parkinson Disease Association. Authors received support from the Medical Research Council, UK. NR 22 TC 820 Z9 829 U1 5 U2 111 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1308 EP U68 DI 10.1038/ng.487 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 524LN UT WOS:000272144900012 PM 19915575 ER PT J AU Jennings, K Schulberg, F AF Jennings, Kim Schulberg, Francine TI Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators SO PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; performance indicators; outcome indicators; output indicators; chemical accidents; measurement system AB This article summarizes a process for developing safety performance indicators. This is a topic of great importance for the measurement of the effectiveness of our PSM systems. The PSM is the OSHA regulation that covers companies in teh united states that was issued in teh year 1992. Since that time companies in the process industries have made great strides in implementing PSM systems. An important question is "How much progress have we made in actually reducing the number and severity of process events?" other countries were also concerned about the effectiveness of their programs to address chemical accidents. In response to these concerns, the OECD published the documents described in this artice. One of these deocuments sets out a safety performance indicator process that allows a company to: assess whether it is implementing appropriate chemical safety programs and plicies, evaluate whether these programs and policies are achieving their desired objectives, and help determine the extent to which such programs and plicies are making a difference. This will allow a company to identify whether there is appropriate emphasis on different aspects of safety management and provide insights needed for setting priorities for future investment of resources. (C) 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 28: 362-366, 2009 C1 [Jennings, Kim] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jennings, K (reprint author), US EPA, Mailcode 5104A,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM jennings.kim@epa.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1066-8527 J9 PROCESS SAF PROG JI Process Saf. Prog. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1002/prs.10343 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 522UG UT WOS:000272023800012 ER PT J AU Chernoff, N Gage, MI Stoker, TE Cooper, RL Gilbert, ME Rogers, EH AF Chernoff, N. Gage, M. I. Stoker, T. E. Cooper, R. L. Gilbert, M. E. Rogers, E. H. TI Reproductive effects of maternal and pre-weaning undernutrition in rat offspring: Age at puberty, onset of female reproductive senescence and intergenerational pup growth and viability SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reproductive effects; Undernutrition; Rat; Intergenerational; Reproductive senescence; Male puberty; Female puberty ID FEED RESTRICTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; SPINA-BIFIDA; WISTAR RATS; PREGNANCY; ANENCEPHALUS; NUTRITION; LEVEL AB Maternal and/or postnatal undernutrition are widespread in human populations and are components of many experimental developmental and reproductive toxicology bio-assays. This study investigated in utero and/or pre-weaning undernutrition effects on reproductive maturation and senescence in the Sprague-Dawley rat as well as potential intergenerational effects. Pregnant rats were given food ad libitum or at 50% of normal dietary intake throughout pregnancy. Their offspring (control or IUGR) were cross-fostered to control dams with litter sizes of 8 or 16 pups (control and undernourished). Offspring body weights were reduced and onset of male puberty slightly delayed in animals from large postnatal litters. Similar body weight effects were observed in females but there was no difference in the age of vaginal opening. Female reproductive senescence as measured by onset of estrus acyclicity occurred at a younger age in IUGR-8-pup and Control-16-pup groups compared to Control-8-pup or IUGR-16-pup groups. Females were bred to control males and no evidence of adverse reproductive effects was found in any F2 groups. The offspring of the F1 generation did not show an intergenerational effect as documented in humans. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chernoff, N.; Gage, M. I.; Stoker, T. E.; Cooper, R. L.; Gilbert, M. E.; Rogers, E. H.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chernoff.neil@epa.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.06.006 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 519MO UT WOS:000271770900006 PM 19539024 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RR Kopits, E Simpson, D AF Jenkins, Robin R. Kopits, Elizabeth Simpson, David TI Policy Monitor-The Evolution of Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States SO REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATION C1 [Jenkins, Robin R.; Kopits, Elizabeth; Simpson, David] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jenkins, RR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1750-6816 J9 REV ENV ECON POLICY JI Rev. Env. Econ. Policy PD WIN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 104 EP 120 DI 10.1093/reep/ren018 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537NC UT WOS:000273118600007 ER PT J AU Macpherson, AJ Lentini, MW Carter, DR Baitz, WN AF Macpherson, Alexander J. Lentini, Marco W. Carter, Douglas R. Baitz, Wandreia N. TI Sawmill efficiency in the Brazilian Amazon: a DEA analysis SO SCIENTIA FORESTALIS LA Portuguese DT Article DE Data Envelopment Analysis; Sawmills; Amazon Area; Logging frontiers ID PRODUCTIVITY AB The technical efficiency of sawmills is an important issue for sustainable development (social, environmental and economic dimensions), since efficiency levels may influence the area logged to meet timber demand. The objective of this work is to characterize the technical efficiency of sawmills located in different logging frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Drawing upon data collected in 291 sawmills in the Amazon, this work investigated variations in the technical efficiency of sawmills, comparing efficiency levels on four different logging frontiers (old, intermediate, new, and estuarine). Statistical tests were used to compare the average efficiency levels of these frontiers, and linear regression analysis was used to assess factors correlated with efficiency levels. Results indicate that efficiency levels vary enormously among companies, including evidence that larger companies are generally more efficient. Moreover, it was found that companies located in older and newer logging frontiers are statistically more efficient than sawmills located in the estuary and on intermediate frontiers. Regression analysis revealed that the location of the mills on the older and newer frontiers, in comparison to the estuarine and intermediate frontiers, and the volume of timber processed by the mill, are positively correlated to technical efficiency. Prices for wood products are negatively correlated with efficiency levels, suggesting that supplying export markets, which offer better prices, has a negative influence on efficiency. This fact might be valid only in the specific context of sawmills in the Amazon Area, which historically ignored the need to make technological investments focused on better utilizing timber from natural forests. Results suggest that the technical gains achieved on older logging frontiers might have been transmitted to more recent frontiers when companies migrated to new areas, mainly seeking for new stocks of raw material, and especially for high value timber. C1 [Macpherson, Alexander J.; Baitz, Wandreia N.] IMAZON Inst Homem & Meio Ambiente Amazonia, BR-66060160 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Macpherson, Alexander J.] Univ Florida, Grad Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Macpherson, Alexander J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lentini, Marco W.] IFT, BR-66025660 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Carter, Douglas R.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Macpherson, AJ (reprint author), IMAZON Inst Homem & Meio Ambiente Amazonia, BR-66060160 Belem, Para, Brazil. EM macpherson.alex@epa.gov; lentini@ift.org.br; drcart@ufl.edu; wandreianms@hotmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IPEF-INST PESQUISAS ESTUDOS FLORESTAIS PI PIRACICABA PA PADUA DIAS AVE 11, PO BOX 530, PIRACICABA, SP 13400-970, BRAZIL SN 1413-9324 J9 SCI FOR JI Sci. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 84 BP 415 EP 425 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 553DL UT WOS:000274345600009 ER PT J AU Allshouse, WB Pleil, JD Rappaport, SM Serre, ML AF Allshouse, William B. Pleil, Joachim D. Rappaport, Stephen M. Serre, Marc L. TI Mass fraction spatiotemporal geostatistics and its application to map atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after 9/11 SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian maximum entropy; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Particulate matter; World Trade Center; Space/time modeling ID NEW-YORK-CITY; TRADE-CENTER DISASTER; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; LOWER MANHATTAN; BIRTH OUTCOMES; DNA-DAMAGE; EXPOSURES; COLLAPSE; FINE AB This work proposes a space/time estimation method for atmospheric PM(2.5) components by modelling the mass fraction at a selection of space/time locations where the component is measured and applying the model to the extensive PM(2.5) monitoring network. The method we developed utilizes the nonlinear Bayesian maximum entropy framework to perform the geostatistical estimation. We implemented this approach using data from nine carcinogenic, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured from archived PM(2.5) samples collected at four locations around the World Trade Center (WTC) from September 22, 2001 to March 27, 2002. The mass fraction model developed at these four sites was used to estimate PAH concentrations at additional PM(2.5) monitors. Even with limited PAH data, a spatial validation showed the application of the mass fraction model reduced the mean squared error (MSE) by 7-22%, while in the temporal validation there was an exponential improvement in MSE positively associated with the number of days of PAH data removed. Our results include space/time maps of atmospheric PAH concentrations in the New York area after 9/11. C1 [Allshouse, William B.; Pleil, Joachim D.; Rappaport, Stephen M.; Serre, Marc L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pleil, Joachim D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rappaport, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Serre, ML (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Room 163B,Rosenau Hall,CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM marc_serre@unc.edu OI serre, marc/0000-0003-3145-4024 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [5 P42 ES05948, P30ES10126]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant nos. 5 P42 ES05948 and P30ES10126). The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded portions of the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1223 DI 10.1007/s00477-009-0326-y PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 519GD UT WOS:000271752100013 ER PT J AU Bailey, K Xia, YJ Ward, WO Knapp, G Mo, JY Mumford, JL Owen, RD Thai, SF AF Bailey, Kathryn Xia, Yajuan Ward, William O. Knapp, Geremy Mo, Jinyao Mumford, Judy L. Owen, Russell D. Thai, Sheau-Fung TI Global Gene Expression Profiling of Hyperkeratotic Skin Lesions from Inner Mongolians Chronically Exposed to Arsenic SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; arsenic; gene expression; hyperkeratosis ID CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; INDUCED CELL-TRANSFORMATION; EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; DNA-REPAIR; INDOOR COMBUSTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SODIUM ARSENITE; DRINKING-WATER; STABILIZES P53 AB The skin is an organ that is highly sensitive to chronic arsenic (As) exposure. Skin lesions such as hyperkeratoses (HKs) are common early manifestations of arsenicosis in humans. HKs can be precursor lesions of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), but the driving forces behind their formation and how they may ultimately progress to NMSCs are unknown. The goal of this study was to examine the global gene expression profiles of As-related HKs in an effort to better understand gene expression changes that are potentially associated with early stages of As carcinogenesis. HK biopsies were removed from individuals living in an arsenicosis-endemic region in Inner Mongolia who had been exposed to high As levels in their drinking water for >20 years. Gene expression Profiling was performed on RNA isolated from 7 individuals in this group and from 4 lesion-free skin samples from healthy individuals. Consistent with the pathological characteristics of the HK lesions, major functional categories and known canonical pathways represented by altered transcripts include those involved in development, differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and stress response. The results of this study may help define a signature profile of gene expression changes associated with long-term As exposure in the skin. C1 [Bailey, Kathryn; Ward, William O.; Knapp, Geremy; Mumford, Judy L.; Owen, Russell D.; Thai, Sheau-Fung] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Xia, Yajuan] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Mo, Jinyao] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Thai, SF (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thai.sheau-fung@epa.gov NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 7 BP 849 EP 859 DI 10.1177/0192623309351725 PG 11 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 529YQ UT WOS:000272555800003 PM 19841129 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Bencic, DC Cavallin, JE Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Martinovic, D Mueller, ND Wehmas, LC Villeneuve, DL AF Ankley, Gerald T. Bencic, David C. Cavallin, Jenna E. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Martinovic, Dalma Mueller, Nathaniel D. Wehmas, Leah C. Villeneuve, Daniel L. TI Dynamic Nature of Alterations in the Endocrine System of Fathead Minnows Exposed to the Fungicide Prochloraz SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fish; prochloraz; endocrine function; compensation; recovery ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; VITELLOGENIN; INHIBITION; KETOCONAZOLE; STEROIDOGENESIS; REPRODUCTION; VINCLOZOLIN AB The vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is controlled through various feedback mechanisms that maintain a dynamic homeostasis in the face of changing environmental conditions, including exposure to chemicals. We assessed the effects of prochloraz on HPG axis function in adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at multiple sampling times during 8-day exposure and 8-day depuration/recovery phases. Consistent with one mechanism of action of prochloraz, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 aromatase activity, the fungicide depressed ex vivo ovarian production and plasma concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in female fish. At a prochloraz water concentration of 30 mu g/l, inhibitory effects on E2 production were transitory and did not persist during the 8-day exposure phase. At 300 mu g/l prochloraz, inhibition of E2 production was evident throughout the 8-day exposure but steroid titers recovered within 1 day of cessation of exposure. Compensation or recovery of steroid production in prochloraz-exposed females was accompanied by upregulation of several ovarian genes associated with steroidogenesis, including cyp19a1a, cyp17 (hydroxylase/lyase), cyp11a (cholesterol side-chain cleavage), and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. In male fathead minnows, the 8-day prochloraz exposure decreased testosterone (T) production, possibly through inhibition of CYP17. However, as for E2 in females, ex vivo testicular production and plasma concentrations of T recovered within 1 day of stopping exposure. Steroidogenic genes upregulated in testis included cyp17 and cyp11a. These studies demonstrate the adaptability of the HPG axis to chemical stress and highlight the need to consider the dynamic nature of the system when developing approaches to assess potential risks of endocrine-active chemicals. C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Martinovic, Dalma; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Wehmas, Leah C.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Bencic, David C.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 112 IS 2 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp227 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 520FH UT WOS:000271825400008 PM 19767443 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Haykal-Coates, N Winsett, DW Costa, DL Farraj, AK AF Hazari, Mehdi S. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Winsett, Darrell W. Costa, Daniel L. Farraj, Aimen K. TI A Single Exposure to Particulate or Gaseous Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Aconitine-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmia in Hypertensive Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aconitine; air pollution; cardiac arrhythmia; inhalation ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; OIL FLY-ASH; DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO; VENTRICULAR-ARRHYTHMIA; BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COMBUSTION PARTICLES AB Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between arrhythmias and air pollution. Aconitine-induced cardiac arrhythmia is widely used experimentally to examine factors that alter the risk of arrhythmogenesis. In this study, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats acutely exposed to synthetic residual oil fly ash (s-ROFA) particles (450 mu g/m(3)) were "challenged" with aconitine to examine whether a single exposure could predispose to arrhythmogenesis. Separately, SH rats were exposed to varied particulate matter (PM) concentrations (0.45, 1.0, or 3.5 mg/m(3) s-ROFA), or the irritant gas acrolein (3 ppm), to better assess the generalization of this challenge response. Rather than directly cause arrhythmias, we hypothesized that inhaled air pollutants sensitize the heart to subsequent dysrhythmic stimuli. Twenty-four hour postexposure, urethane-anesthetized rats were monitored for heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram, and blood pressure (BP). SH rats had higher baseline HR and BP and significantly longer PR intervals, QRS duration, QTc, and JTc than WKY rats. PM exposure caused a significant increase in the PR interval, QRS duration, and QTc in WKY rats but not in SH rats. Heart rate variability was significantly decreased in WKY rats after PM exposure but increased in SH rats. Cumulative dose of aconitine that triggered arrhythmias in air-exposed SH rats was lower than WKY rats and even lower for each strain postexposure. SH rats exposed to varied concentrations of PM or acrolein developed arrhythmia at significantly lower doses of aconitine than controls; however, there was no PM concentration-dependent response. In conclusion, a single exposure to air pollution may increase the sensitivity of cardiac electrical conduction to disruption. Moreover, there seem to be host factors (e.g., cardiovascular disease) that increase vulnerability to triggered arrhythmias regardless of the pollutant or its concentration. C1 [Hazari, Mehdi S.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Winsett, Darrell W.; Farraj, Aimen K.] US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hazari, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, 109 Alexander Dr,B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hazari.mehdi@epa.gov NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 112 IS 2 BP 532 EP 542 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp214 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 520FH UT WOS:000271825400025 PM 19748997 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Impellitteri, CA Govindaswamy, S Hall, JS AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Impellitteri, Christopher A. Govindaswamy, Shekar Hall, John S. TI Persistence and decontamination of surrogate radioisotopes in a model drinking water distribution system SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Decontamination; Infrastructure; Drinking water; Persistence; Cobalt; Cesium; Radioisotope; Biofilm ID IRON-CORROSION SCALES; CESIUM ADSORPTION; BIOFILMS; MINERALS; SORPTION; URANIUM; RELEASE; GROWTH AB Contamination of a model drinking water system with surrogate radioisotopes was examined with respect to persistence on and decontamination of infrastructure surfaces. Cesium and cobalt chloride salts were used as surrogates for cesium-137 and cobalt-60. Studies were conducted in biofilm annular reactors containing heavily corroded iron surfaces formed under shear and constantly submerged in drinking water. Cesium was not detected on the corroded iron surface after equilibration with 10 and 100 mg L(-1) solutions of cesium chloride, but cobalt was detected on corroded iron coupons at both initial concentrations. The amount of adhered cobalt decreased over the next six weeks, but was still present when monitoring stopped. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) showed that adhered cobalt was in the III oxidation state. The adsorbed cobalt was strongly resistant to decontamination by various physicochemical methods. Simulated flushing, use of free chlorine and dilute ammonia were found to be ineffective whereas use of aggressive methods like 14.5 M ammonia and 0.36 M sulfuric acid removed 37 and 92% of the sorbed cobalt, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Jeffrey G.; Hall, John S.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Water Qual Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Govindaswamy, Shekar] Lakeshore Engn Serv Inc, Detroit, MI USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, MS NG-16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU Department of Energy; MRCAT; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC0206CH11357] FX MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. The authors thank Tomohiro Shibata and Kirk G. Scheckel (USEPA) for their help and expertise during studies at MRCAT. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 20 BP 5004 EP 5014 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 558EW UT WOS:000274724700002 PM 19726069 ER PT J AU Sowers, AD Gaworecki, KM Mills, MA Roberts, AP Klaine, SJ AF Sowers, Anthony D. Gaworecki, Kristen M. Mills, Marc A. Roberts, Aaron P. Klaine, Stephen J. TI Developmental effects of a municipal wastewater effluent on two generations of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wastewater effluent; Endocrine disruption; Fathead minnow ID EPIGENETIC TRANSGENERATIONAL ACTIONS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR VINCLOZOLIN; ADULT-ONSET DISEASE; TREATMENT PLANTS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; LIFE-CYCLE; EXPOSURE; FISH AB Municipal wastewater effluents have been shown to contain a variety of anthropogenic compounds, many of which are known to display estrogenic properties. While multiple laboratory studies have shown the effects of such compounds on an individual basis at elevated concentrations, little research has attempted to characterize the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant mixtures of estrogenic compounds. The current study examined the effects of long-term exposure to graded concentrations (0, 50, 100%) of wastewater effluent on the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. The F1 generation was cultured in control water to test for transgenerational effects from parental exposure to wastewater effluent. Total estrogenic activity in the wastewater was determined to be approximately 1.7 ng/L 17 beta-estradiol equivalents. Survival, growth, and reproduction in the parent generation were not affected by exposure to the wastewater treatments. An increase in the gonadosomatic index and a reduction in the expression of secondary sex characteristics in male fathead minnows exposed to 100% wastewater in the parent generation were observed. Conversely, the expression of secondary sex characteristics was greater in males from the F1 generation of wastewater-exposed parents. Additionally, a positive relationship between parental exposure to wastewater and the onset of reproductive activity in the F1 generation was observed. Results of this study suggest that exposure to wastewater effluent did not pose a significant threat to the successful growth, development, and reproduction of the fathead minnow. Early onset of reproductive activity observed in the F1 generation of wastewater-exposed parents in subsequent generations should be studied further. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sowers, Anthony D.; Gaworecki, Kristen M.; Klaine, Stephen J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Roberts, Aaron P.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Sowers, AD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Toxicol, 509 Westinghouse Rd, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. EM sowers@clemson.edu RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV 27 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.08.012 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 532XX UT WOS:000272784900001 PM 19850365 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Hoffman, AD Fitzsimmons, PN AF Nichols, John W. Hoffman, Alex D. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. TI Optimization of an isolated perfused rainbow trout liver model: Clearance studies with 7-ethoxycoumarin SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Isolated perfused fish liver; Trout; 7-Ethoxycoumarin; Hepatic clearance; Metabolism ID XENOBIOTIC INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; FRESHLY ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; IN-VITRO; BIOACCUMULATION ASSESSMENT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; NITRIC-OXIDE; SKATE LIVER; RAT LIVERS; METABOLISM AB To date, research with isolated perfused fish livers has been limited by the relatively short time period during which stable performance can be achieved. In the present study, modifications to existing methods were employed with the goal of extending the usable life of an isolated perfused trout liver preparation. Liver performance was evaluated by measuring O(2) consumption (VO(2)), vascular resistance, K(+) leakage, glucose flux, lactate flux, and clearance of a model metabolic substrate, 7-ethoxycoumarin (CL(H,7-EC)). Livers perfused with solutions containing 15, 38, or 150 mu M bovine serum albumin (BSA) exhibited relatively stable physiological performance for up to 10 h. CL(H,7-EC) decreased rapidly between 1 and 2 h in all livers tested, possibly due in part to accumulation of 7-EC within the tissue. CL(H,7-EC) declined slowly thereafter, decreasing by 30-40% between 2 and 10 h. A linear equation was subsequently developed to correct measured levels of clearance for this decrease in metabolic activity over time. To illustrate the value of this preparation, experiments were conducted to examine the effects of protein binding on 7-EC clearance. Clearance rates corrected for declining activity (CL(H,7-EC,CORR)) changed in nearly direct proportion to changes in the free concentration of 7-EC efferent to the liver, as predicted by theoretical models of liver function. Additional studies were performed to characterize the concentration-dependence of 7-EC clearance. The rate of substrate disappearance from the perfusate increased in proportion to the total concentration of 7-EC afferent to the liver resulting in constant levels of CL(H,7-EC,CORR), CL(H,7-EC,CORR) values for four livers averaged 12.1 +/- 2.5 mL/h/g-liver (mean +/- SD, n = 57 individual determinations) and were in good agreement with an estimate of hepatic clearance obtained by extrapolating published in vitro data from isolated trout hepatocytes. The extended viability of isolated trout livers achieved in this study creates new opportunities for research on hepatic function in fish. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nichols, John W.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV 27 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.09.003 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 532XX UT WOS:000272784900002 PM 19837470 ER PT J AU Serres, MH Kerr, ARW McCormack, TJ Riley, M AF Serres, Margrethe H. Kerr, Alastair R. W. McCormack, Thomas J. Riley, Monica TI Evolution by leaps: gene duplication in bacteria SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CROTONASE SUPERFAMILY; MICROBIAL GENOMES; PROTEIN FAMILIES; ACTIVE-SITE; PSI-BLAST; SEQUENCE AB Background: Sequence related families of genes and proteins are common in bacterial genomes. In Escherichia coli they constitute over half of the genome. The presence of families and superfamilies of proteins suggest a history of gene duplication and divergence during evolution. Genome encoded protein families, their size and functional composition, reflect metabolic potentials of the organisms they are found in. Comparing protein families of different organisms give insight into functional differences and similarities. Results: Equivalent enzyme families with metabolic functions were selected from the genomes of four experimentally characterized bacteria belonging to separate genera. Both similarities and differences were detected in the protein family memberships, with more similarities being detected among the more closely related organisms. Protein family memberships reflected known metabolic characteristics of the organisms. Differences in divergence of functionally characterized enzyme family members accounted for characteristics of taxa known to differ in those biochemical properties and capabilities. While some members of the gene families will have been acquired by lateral exchange and other former family members will have been lost over time, duplication and divergence of genes and functions appear to have been a significant contributor to the functional diversity of today's microbes. Conclusions: Protein families seem likely to have arisen during evolution by gene duplication and divergence where the gene copies that have been retained are the variants that have led to distinct bacterial physiologies and taxa. Thus divergence of the duplicate enzymes has been a major process in the generation of different kinds of bacteria. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Drs. Iyer Aravind, Ardcady Mushegian, and Pierre Pontarotti. C1 [Serres, Margrethe H.; Riley, Monica] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kerr, Alastair R. W.] Univ Edinburgh, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. [McCormack, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Serres, MH (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mserres@mbl.edu; Alastair.Kerr@ed.ac.edu; yandoblu@msn.com; mriley@mbl.edu RI Kerr, Alastair/B-3272-2010; OI Kerr, Alastair/0000-0001-9207-6050 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64511] FX Thanks to Sulip Goswami, now at Toxikon Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts, for his careful work carrying out the comparisons of structures at conserved sites in proteins of the three families. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER64511. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD NOV 23 PY 2009 VL 4 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-4-46 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 526YB UT WOS:000272331100001 PM 19930658 ER PT J AU Bauer, AK Fostel, J Degraff, LM Rondini, EA Walker, C Grissom, SF Foley, J Kleeberger, SR AF Bauer, Alison K. Fostel, Jennifer Degraff, Laura M. Rondini, Elizabeth A. Walker, Christopher Grissom, Sherry F. Foley, Julie Kleeberger, Steven R. TI Transcriptomic analysis of pathways regulated by toll-like receptor 4 in a murine model of chronic pulmonary inflammation and carcinogenesis SO MOLECULAR CANCER LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; CELL LUNG-CANCER; GENE-EXPRESSION; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; TRANSGENIC MICE; TUMOR PROMOTION; EGFR MUTATIONS; MOUSE; RISK AB Background: Therapeutic strategies exist for human pulmonary neoplasia, however due to the heterogeneity of the disease, most are not very effective. The innate immunity gene, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), protects against chronic pulmonary inflammation and tumorigenesis in mice, but the mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to identify TLR4-mediated gene expression pathways that may be used as prognostic indicators of susceptibility to lung tumorigenesis in mice and provide insight into the mechanism. Methods: Whole lung mRNA was isolated from C.C3H-Tlr4(Lps-d) (BALB(Lps-d); Tlr4 mutant) and BALB/c (Tlr4 normal) mice following butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-treatment (four weekly ip. injections; 150-200 mg/kg/each; "promotion"). mRNA from micro-dissected tumors (adenomas) and adjacent uninvolved tissue from both strains were also compared 27 wks after a single carcinogen injection (3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), 10 mu g/g; "control") or followed by BHT (6 weekly ip. injections; 125-200 mg/kg/each; "progression"). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for inflammatory cell content and total protein determination, a marker of lung hyperpermeability; inflammation was also assessed using immunohistochemical staining for macrophages (F4/80) and lymphocytes (CD3) in mice bearing tumors (progression). Results: During promotion, the majority of genes identified in the BALB(Lps-d) compared to BALB/c mice (P < 0.05) were involved in epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling (e. g. epiregulin (Ereg)), secreted phosphoprotein 1(Spp1)), which can lead to cell growth and eventual tumor development. Inflammation was significantly higher in BALB(Lps-d) compared to BALB/c mice during progression, similar to the observed response during tumor promotion in these strains. Increases in genes involved in signaling through the EGFR pathway (e. g. Ereg, Spp1) were also observed during progression in addition to continued inflammation, chemotactic, and immune response gene expression in the BALB(Lps-d) versus BALB/c mice (P < 0.05), which appears to provide more favorable conditions for cell growth and tumor development. In support of these findings, the BALB/c mice also had significantly reduced expression of many immune response and inflammatory genes in both the tumors and uninvolved tissue. Conclusion: This transcriptomic study determined the protective effect of TLR4 in lung carcinogenesis inhibition of multiple pathways including EGFR (e. g. Ereg), inflammatory response genes (e.g. Cxcl5), chemotaxis (e.g. Ccr1) and other cell proliferation genes (e. g. Arg1, Pthlh). Future studies will determine the utility of these pathways as indicators of immune system deficiencies and tumorigenesis. C1 [Bauer, Alison K.; Rondini, Elizabeth A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fostel, Jennifer; Degraff, Laura M.; Walker, Christopher; Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Grissom, Sherry F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Foley, Julie] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Cellular & Mol Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bauer, AK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM akbauer@msu.edu; fostel@niehs.nih.gov; miller12@niehs.nih.gov; rondinie@msu.edu; christopher.walker2@duke.edu; sherryfgrissom@gmail.com; foley1@niehs.nih.gov; kleeber1@niehs.nih.gov FU Division of Intramural Research of the NIEHS [HHSN273200700046U]; National Institute of Environmental Health Science; Michigan State University FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Alex Merrick and Pierre Bushel for critically reviewing the manuscript. J Fostel was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the NIEHS contract HHSN273200700046U. S. R. K., L. M. D., C. W., J. F. and S. F. G. were supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science. A. K. B. and E. A. R. were supported by Michigan State University internal funds. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-4598 J9 MOL CANCER JI Mol. Cancer PD NOV 19 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 107 DI 10.1186/1476-4598-8-107 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 526IY UT WOS:000272282800001 PM 19925653 ER PT J AU D'Armiento, JM Scharf, SM Roth, MD Connett, JE Ghio, A Sternberg, D Goldin, JG Louis, TA Mao, JT O'Connor, GT Ramsdell, JW Ries, AL Schluger, NW Sciurba, FC Skeans, MA Voelker, H Walter, RE Wendt, CH Weinmann, GG Wise, RA Foronjy, RF AF D'Armiento, Jeanine M. Scharf, Steven M. Roth, Michael D. Connett, John E. Ghio, Andrew Sternberg, David Goldin, Jonathan G. Louis, Thomas A. Mao, Jenny T. O'Connor, George T. Ramsdell, Joe W. Ries, Andrew L. Schluger, Neil W. Sciurba, Frank C. Skeans, Melissa A. Voelker, Helen Walter, Robert E. Wendt, Christine H. Weinmann, Gail G. Wise, Robert A. Foronjy, Robert F. TI Eosinophil and T cell markers predict functional decline in COPD patients SO RESPIRATORY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; RESPIRATORY VIRUSES; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; EFFECTOR ACTIVITY; EXACERBATIONS; LYMPHOCYTES; EMPHYSEMA AB Background: The major marker utilized to monitor COPD patients is forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). However, asingle measurement of FEV1 cannot reliably predict subsequent decline. Recent studies indicate that T lymphocytes and eosinophils are important determinants of disease stability in COPD. We therefore measured cytokine levels in the lung lavage fluid and plasma of COPD patients in order to determine if the levels of T cell or eosinophil related cytokines were predictive of the future course of the disease. Methods: Baseline lung lavage and plasma samples were collected from COPD subjects with moderately severe airway obstruction and emphysematous changes on chest CT. The study participants were former smokers who had not had a disease exacerbation within the past six months or used steroids within the past two months. Those subjects who demonstrated stable disease over the following six months (Delta FEV1 % predicted = 4.7 +/- 7.2; N = 34) were retrospectively compared with study participants who experienced a rapid decline in lung function (Delta FEV1 % predicted = -16.0 +/- 6.0; N = 16) during the same time period and with normal controls (N = 11). Plasma and lung lavage cytokines were measured from clinical samples using the Luminex multiplex kit which enabled the simultaneous measurement of several T cell and eosinophil related cytokines. Results and Discussion: Stable COPD participants had significantly higher plasma IL-2 levels compared to participants with rapidly progressive COPD (p = 0.04). In contrast, plasma eotaxin-1 levels were significantly lower in stable COPD subjects compared to normal controls (p < 0.03). In addition, lung lavage eotaxin-1 levels were significantly higher in rapidly progressive COPD participants compared to both normal controls (p < 0.02) and stable COPD participants (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that IL-2 and eotaxin-1 levels may be important markers of disease stability in advanced emphysema patients. Prospective studies will need to confirm whether measuring IL-2 or eotaxin-1 can identify patients at risk for rapid disease progression. C1 [D'Armiento, Jeanine M.; Sternberg, David; Schluger, Neil W.; Foronjy, Robert F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY 10027 USA. [D'Armiento, Jeanine M.; Sternberg, David; Schluger, Neil W.; Foronjy, Robert F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Surg, New York, NY USA. [Scharf, Steven M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Roth, Michael D.; Goldin, Jonathan G.; Mao, Jenny T.; Skeans, Melissa A.; Voelker, Helen; Wendt, Christine H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Roth, Michael D.; Goldin, Jonathan G.; Mao, Jenny T.; Skeans, Melissa A.; Voelker, Helen; Wendt, Christine H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Connett, John E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, CCBR, Twin Cities, CA USA. [Connett, John E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biostat, CCBR, Twin Cities, CA USA. [Ghio, Andrew; Wise, Robert A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Louis, Thomas A.; Walter, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [O'Connor, George T.] Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ramsdell, Joe W.; Ries, Andrew L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Sciurba, Frank C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Weinmann, Gail G.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Foronjy, RF (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jmd12@columbia.edu; sscharf@medicine.umaryland.edu; MRoth@mednet.ucla.edu; john-c@ccbr.umn.edu; Ghio.Andy@epamail.epa.gov; das9018@nyp.org; JGoldin@mednet.ucla.edu; tlouis@jhsph.edu; JMao@mednet.ucla.edu; goconnor@bu.edu; jramsdell@ucsd.edu; aries@ucsd.edu; ns311@columbia.edu; sciurbafc@msx.upmc.edu; melissas@ccbr.umn.edu; voelk002@umn.edu; walterb@bu.edu; wendt005@tc.umn.edu; gweinmann@nih.gov; rwise@welch.jhu.edu; rff5@columbia.edu RI Wendt, Chris/C-6823-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL098528, N01-HR-96144, N01-HR-96140, N01-HR-96141-001, R01HL086936-03, L30 HL074905, N01-HR-96143, N01-HR-96145, N01-HR-96142] NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-9921 J9 RESP RES JI Respir. Res. PD NOV 19 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1465-9921-10-113 PG 13 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 526MH UT WOS:000272293200001 PM 19925666 ER PT J AU Zagoruiko, AN Vanag, SV Balzhinimaev, BS Paukshtis, EA Simonova, LG Zykov, AM Anichkov, SN Hutson, ND AF Zagoruiko, A. N. Vanag, S. V. Balzhinimaev, B. S. Paukshtis, E. A. Simonova, L. G. Zykov, A. M. Anichkov, S. N. Hutson, N. D. TI Catalytic flue gas conditioning in electrostatic precipitators of coal-fired power plants SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Chemical Reactors CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008-2009 CL Valletta, MALTA SP Boreskov Inst Catalys SB RAS, European Federat Chem Engn, Russian Sci & Cultural Ctr, Russian Ctr Int Sci & Cultural Cooperat, RF Govt, Russian Federat, Minist Educ & Sci, Russian Federat, Minist Ind & Trade, RAS Sci Council Theoret Fundamentals Chem Technol, RAS Sci Council Catalys & Zebra Grp Ltd DE Flue gas conditioning; Sulfur dioxide oxidation; Catalyst; Vanadia; Fiber-glass; Platinum ID OXIDATION AB The paper is dedicated to development of the catalytic process for controlled SO(3) production for conditioning of flue gases from coal-fired power plants. On the basis of comparative technological analysis performed for different variants of the process arrangement, it was shown that optimal technological decision is catalytic sulfur dioxide oxidation in synthetic SO(2)-containing stream in a separate reactor with two adiabatic beds of catalyst with following introduction of SO(3)-containing flow into the main coal boiler gas duct. Undoubted benefits of this process are: complete independence of the process from the flue gases properties; possibility to control SO(3) concentration in the flue gases in the wide range; possibility to process gases with high SO(2) concentration. providing low gas flow rate and low catalyst loading; absence of limitations for the pressure drop of the catalyst bed. Among catalysts on the basis of fiber-glass support the best catalytic performance was observed for platinum-containing catalyst on support modified with zirconium dioxide. It was demonstrated that optimal catalyst solution is combination of conventional granular vanadia and platinum woven fiber-glass catalysts, providing high activity both at high and low temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zagoruiko, A. N.; Vanag, S. V.; Balzhinimaev, B. S.; Paukshtis, E. A.; Simonova, L. G.] Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Zykov, A. M.; Anichkov, S. N.] All Russia Thermal Engn Inst, Moscow 115280, Russia. [Hutson, N. D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Zagoruiko, AN (reprint author), Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Pr Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM zagor@catalysis.ru; zykov-naot@yandex.ru; hutson.nick@epamail.epa.gov RI Zagoruiko, Andrey/E-9284-2012; Simonova, Ludmila/F-3800-2012 OI Zagoruiko, Andrey/0000-0001-6217-0302; NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2009.03.050 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 553EL UT WOS:000274348700046 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, R Huang, J Dattilo, LK Kaartinen, V Mishina, Y Deng, CX Umans, L Zwijsen, A Roberts, AB Beebe, DC AF Rajagopal, Ramya Huang, Jie Dattilo, Lisa K. Kaartinen, Vesa Mishina, Yuji Deng, Chu-Xia Umans, Lieve Zwijsen, An Roberts, Anita B. Beebe, David C. TI The type I BMP receptors, Bmpr1a and Acvr1, activate multiple signaling pathways to regulate lens formation SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lens formation; Bone morphogenetic proteins; Smads ID EARLY MOUSE EMBRYO; CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT; PRESUMPTIVE LENS; CHICK-EMBRYO; DEFECTS; PROLIFERATION; INDUCTION; CELLS; MICE; EYE AB BMPs play multiple roles in development and BMP signaling is essential for lens formation. However, the mechanisms by which BMP receptors function in vertebrate development are incompletely understood. To determine the downstream effectors of BMP signaling and their functions in the ectoderm that will form the lens, we deleted the genes encoding the type 1 BMP receptors. Bmpr1a and Acvr1, and the canonical transducers of BMP signaling, Smad4, Smad1 and Smad5. Bmpr1a and Acvr1 regulated cell survival and proliferation, respectively. Absence of both receptors interfered with the expression of proteins involved in normal lens development and prevented lens formation, demonstrating that BMPs induce lens formation by acting directly on the prospective lens ectoderm. Remarkably, the canonical Smad signaling pathway was not needed for most of these processes. Lens formation, placode cell proliferation, the expression of FoxE3, a lens-specific transcription factor, and the lens protein, alpha A-crystallin were regulated by BMP receptors in a Smad-independent manner. Placode cell survival was promoted by R-Smad signaling, but in a manner that did not involve Smad4. Of the responses tested, only maintaining a high level of Sox2 protein, a transcription factor expressed early in placode formation, required the canonical Smad pathway. A key function of Smad-independent BMP receptor signaling may be reorganization of actin cytoskeleton to drive lens invagination. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaartinen, Vesa] Univ So Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Keck Sch Med, Dev Biol Program,Dept Pathol & Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Mishina, Yuji] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Deng, Chu-Xia] NIDDK, Genet Dev & Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Umans, Lieve; Zwijsen, An] VIB, Dept Mol & Dev Genet, Lab Mol Biol Celgen, Louvain, Belgium. [Umans, Lieve; Zwijsen, An] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Lab Mol Biol Celgen, Louvain, Belgium. [Roberts, Anita B.] NCI, Lab Cell Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rajagopal, Ramya; Huang, Jie; Dattilo, Lisa K.; Beebe, David C.] Washington Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Rajagopal, Ramya; Huang, Jie; Dattilo, Lisa K.; Beebe, David C.] Washington Univ, Dept Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Beebe, DC (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 660 S Euclid Ave,Campus Box 8096,Rm 101 McMillan, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM beebe@wustl.edu RI Huang, Jie/D-7728-2014; deng, chuxia/N-6713-2016; OI Kaartinen, Vesa/0000-0002-9432-510X FU Research to Prevent Blindness; NIH [EY02687, EY04853, 5R01HL074862, 5R01DE013085] FX We thank Drs. Ruth Ashery-Padan and Judy West-Mays for providing the Le-Cre mice and are grateful for the expert technical assistance of Chenghua Wu and Mary Feldmeier with genotyping and Belinda McMahan and Jean Jones with histology and immunohistochemistry. We are indebted to Drs. Jeffrey Miner and Peter Carlsson for the laminin and FoxE3 antibodies, respectively. This work was supported by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness and NIH Core Grant EY02687 to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, NIH grant EY04853 to DCB and 5R01HL074862 and 5R01DE013085 to VK. Drs. Lieve Umans and An Zwijsen are indebted to Dr. Danny Huylebroeck for his support of their work. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 335 IS 2 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.027 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 517GJ UT WOS:000271601000002 PM 19733164 ER PT J AU Guerard, JJ Chin, YP Mash, H Hadad, CM AF Guerard, Jennifer J. Chin, Yu-Ping Mash, Heath Hadad, Christopher M. TI Photochemical Fate of Sulfadimethoxine in Aquaculture Waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TRIPLET AROMATIC KETONES; PHENYLUREA HERBICIDES; NATURAL-WATERS; FULVIC-ACIDS; OXIDATION; PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOTOLYSIS; PHENOLS AB Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) is an antibiotic often used in combination with ormetoprim to prevent the spread of disease in freshwater aquaculture. It is known to undergo photochemical degradation in natural sunlit surface waters, but the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in this process is poorly understood. Our results show that water from a eutrophic catfish pond at the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center facility in Stoneville, MS facilitates the rapid phototransformation of SDM. In contrast, water from a nearby stream (Deer Creek) whose DOM is derived from allochthonous precursors does not enhance SDM photodegradation. We attribute these disparate results to DOM composition, whereby dissolved organic matter originating from highly eutrophic water bodies is a better SDM photosensitizer. Experiments conducted concurrently using respective autochthonous (Pony Lake, Antarctica) and allochthonous (Suwannee River) derived fulvic acids corroborate these findings. Scavenging experiments and experiments conducted anoxically show that the main indirect photodegradation pathway occurs by triplet excited-state DOM oxidation. Finally, transformation products assayed by mass spectrometry reveal the same major SDM photoproducts in the presence and absence of dissolved organic matter. C1 [Guerard, Jennifer J.; Chin, Yu-Ping] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Guerard, Jennifer J.; Chin, Yu-Ping] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mash, Heath] US EPA, NRMRL WSWRD TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hadad, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chin, YP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, 125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM yo@geology.ohio-state.edu OI Hadad, Christopher/0000-0003-1211-4315 FU EPA STAR [FP-91678401-0]; NSF [CBET 0504434] FX We acknowledge Dr. Patricia Gaunt and the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center for access to ponds and logistical assistance, and Marcy Card, Sheela Agrawal, and Collin Ward for helping us with sampling and the photolysis experiments. This research was funded by EPA STAR FP-91678401-0 awarded to J.J.G., and NSF Grant no. CBET 0504434. NR 29 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 22 BP 8587 EP 8592 DI 10.1021/es9020537 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516ZV UT WOS:000271583400022 PM 20028056 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, Satinder K. Verma, Mausam Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Concurrent degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) during production of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Biodegradation; Biopesticides; Dimethyl phthalate; Enzyme ID WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; BENZOIC-ACID; RAW-MATERIAL; BIODEGRADATION; PROTEASES; ESTERS AB Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) predominantly used as a microbial insecticide was tested for concomitant degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). Different concentrations of DMP, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/l were initially spiked in tryptic soya broth medium. A control of tryptic soya broth without DMP was also included. The experiments were carried out for 48 h at 30 degrees C and 250 rpm and growth, enzyme and biocontrol assay was evaluated. DMP concentration until 500 mg/l did not affect Btk cell growth, however, for DMP concentration of 1000-2000 mg/l, there was a 10 and 100 times decrease in cell and spore concentration, respectively. The enzyme concentration reduced by a factor of 1.5, 2, and 2.3 times for protease, esterase and annylase, respectively, at 1000 and 2000 mg/l suggesting toxicity of DMP at higher concentrations. Interestingly, the entomotoxicity (insect toxicity, taken as measure of biocontrol) was higher at 1000 and 5000mg/l with 12 and 13 billion spruce budworm units/l, as tested against spruce budworm larvae. After 48 h of incubation, DMP concentration decreased to 1-3 mg/l at initial concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/l, and the removal was relatively lower with 89 and 87% at 1000 and 2000 mg/l of DMP, respectively. These results suggest that Btk produces panoply of enzyme systems which can assist in degradation of DMR. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brar, Satinder K.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Verma, Mausam] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol Engn, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca FU INRS-ETE; NSERC [355254] FX We would like to express our thanks to INRS-ETE (start-up grant), NSERC (discovery grant 355254) and Canada Research Chair for giving us the opportunity to carry out the research work. The views expressed in the article are of authors and must not be construed as opinions of US EPA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 171 IS 1-3 BP 1016 EP 1023 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.108 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511KZ UT WOS:000271165100138 PM 19615820 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Okino, MS Evans, MV AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Okino, Miles S. Evans, Marina V. TI Characterizing uncertainty and population variability in the toxicokinetics of trichloroethylene and metabolites in mice, rats, and humans using an updated database, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, and Bayesian approach SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bayesian; Glutathione conjugation; Metabolism; Oxidation; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; Population toxicokinetics; Risk assessment; Trichloroethylene; Uncertainty; Variability ID PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; DOSE-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; TIME BREATH ANALYSIS; CHLORAL HYDRATE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; B6C3F1 MICE; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CANCER-RISK AB We have developed a comprehensive, Bayesian, PBPK model-based analysis of the population toxicokinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites in mice, rats, and humans, considering a wider range of physiological, chemical, in vitro, and in vivo data than any previously published analysis of TCE. The toxicokinetics of the "population average." its population variability, and their uncertainties are characterized in an approach that strives to be maximally transparent and objective. Estimates of experimental variability and uncertainty were also included in this analysis. The experimental database was expanded to include virtually all available in vivo toxicokinetic data, which permitted, in rats and humans, the specification of separate datasets for model calibration and evaluation. The total combination of these approaches and PBPK analysis provides substantial support for the model predictions. In addition, we feel confident that the approach employed also yields an accurate characterization of the uncertainty in metabolic pathways for which available data were sparse or relatively indirect, such as GSH conjugation and respiratory tract metabolism. Key conclusions from the model predictions include the following: (1) as expected, TCE is substantially metabolized, primarily by oxidation at doses below saturation; (2) GSH conjugation and subsequent bioactivation in humans appear to be 10- to 100-fold greater than previously estimated; and (3) mice had the greatest rate of respiratory tract oxidative metabolism as compared to rats and humans. In a situation such as TCE in which there is large database of studies coupled with complex toxicokinetics, the Bayesian approach provides a systematic method of simultaneously estimating model parameters and characterizing their uncertainty and variability. However, care needs to be taken in its implementation to ensure biological consistency, transparency, and objectivity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chiu, Weihsueh A.; Evans, Marina V.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Okino, Miles S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, 8623P,2 Potomac Yard,North Bldg,2733 S Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov; evans.marina@epa.gov NR 131 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 241 IS 1 BP 36 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.032 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 514QH UT WOS:000271409400004 PM 19660485 ER PT J AU Wallenborn, JG Schladweiler, MJ Richards, JH Kodavanti, UP AF Wallenborn, J. Grace Schladweiler, Mette J. Richards, Judy H. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Differential pulmonary and cardiac effects of pulmonary exposure to a panel of particulate matter-associated metals SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air Pollution; Metals; Cardiovascular; Particulate matter ID OIL FLY-ASH; TRANSITION-METALS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AIR-POLLUTION; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; CARDIOPULMONARY RESPONSES; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; SYSTEMIC TRANSLOCATION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Biological mechanisms underlying the association between particulate matter (PM) exposure and increased cardiovascular health effects are under investigation. Water-soluble metals reaching systemic circulation following pulmonary exposure are likely exerting a direct effect. However, it is unclear whether specific PM-associated metals may be driving this. We hypothesized that exposure to equimolar amounts of five individual PM-associated metals would cause differential pulmonary and cardiac effects. We exposed male WKY rats (14 weeks old) via a single intratracheal instillation (IT) to saline or 1 mu mol/kg body weight of zinc, nickel, vanadium, copper, or iron in sulfate form. Responses were analyzed 4, 24, 48, or 96 h after exposure. Pulmonary effects were assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of total cells, macrophages, neutrophils, protein, albumin, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and n-acetyl glucosaminidase. Copper induced earlier pulmonary injury/inflammation, while zinc and nickel produced later effects. Vanadium or iron exposure induced minimal pulmonary injury/inflammation. Zinc, nickel, or copper increased serum cholesterol, red blood cells, and white blood cells at different time points. IT of nickel and copper increased expression of metallothionein-1 (MT-1) in the lung. Zinc, nickel, vanadium, and iron increased hepatic MT-1 expression. No significant changes in zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1) expression were noted in the lung or liver; however, zinc increased cardiac ZnT-1 at 24 h, indicating a possible zinc-specific cardiac effect. Nickel exposure induced an increase in cardiac ferritin 96 h after IT. This data set demonstrating metal-specific cardiotoxicity is important in linking metal-enriched anthropogenic PM sources with adverse health effects. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schladweiler, Mette J.; Richards, Judy H.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Wallenborn, J. Grace] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wallenborn, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wallenbo@musc.edu; schladweiler.mette@epa.gov; richards.judy@epa.gov; kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov FU US EPA [CC 829471]; University of North Carolina [CC 829471] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Mary Jane Selgrade, Gary Hatch, and Steve Gavett of the US EPA for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by a cooperative training agreement between US EPA and University of North Carolina, CC 829471. NR 66 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 241 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.003 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 514QH UT WOS:000271409400006 PM 19679144 ER PT J AU Davis, CA Pyrak-Nolte, LJ Atekwana, EA Werkema, DD Haugen, ME AF Davis, Caroline A. Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J. Atekwana, Estella A. Werkema, D. Dale, Jr. Haugen, Marisa E. TI Microbial-induced heterogeneity in the acoustic properties of porous media SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; BIOFILMS; IMPACT; SCALE; SHEAR AB It is not known how biofilms affect seismic wave propagation in porous media. Such knowledge is critical for assessing the utility of seismic techniques for imaging biofilm development and their effects in field settings. Acoustic wave data were acquired over a two-dimensional region of a microbial-stimulated sand column and an unstimulated sand column. The acoustic signals from the unstimulated column were relatively uniform over the 2D scan region. The data from the microbial-stimulated column exhibited a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the acoustic wave amplitude, with some regions exhibiting significant increases in attenuation while others exhibited decreases. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed differences in the structure of the biofilm between regions of increased and decreased acoustic wave amplitude. We conclude from these observations that variations in microbial growth and biofilm structure cause heterogeneity in the elastic properties of porous media with implications for the validation of bioclogging models. Citation: Davis, C. A., L. J. Pyrak-Nolte, E. A. Atekwana, D. D. Werkema Jr., and M. E. Haugen (2009), Microbial-induced heterogeneity in the acoustic properties of porous media, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21405, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039569. C1 [Atekwana, Estella A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Davis, Caroline A.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J.; Haugen, Marisa E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Werkema, D. Dale, Jr.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Atekwana, EA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM estella.atekwana@okstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0729642]; EAR [0722410, 0525316]; REU Award [0552918]; EPA Student Services [EP07D000660]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DEFG02-97ER14785 08] FX This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-0729642, EAR 0722410 (MRI), EAR 0525316, and REU Award 0552918 and EPA Student Services Contract EP07D000660, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DEFG02-97ER14785 08). S. Pamp and T. Tolker-Nielsen provided the Pseudomonas PAO1 Tn7Gm-gfp strain to S. Rossbach, and we thank S. Rossbach for helpful discussions on culturing the bacteria. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L21405 DI 10.1029/2009GL039569 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 520MK UT WOS:000271848500001 ER PT J AU Conmy, RN Coble, PG Cannizzaro, JP Heil, CA AF Conmy, Robyn N. Coble, Paula G. Cannizzaro, Jennifer P. Heil, Cynthia A. TI Influence of extreme storm events on West Florida Shelf CDOM distributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; RIVER PLUME; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CHARLOTTE HARBOR; ATLANTIC BIGHT; NATURAL-WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; SEA AB Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) distribution and signatures provide vital information about the amount and composition of organic material in aquatic environments. This information is critical for deciphering the sources and biogeochemical pathways of organic carbon, and thus vital to the understanding of carbon cycling and budgets. Waters of the West Florida Shelf are heavily influenced by many river systems on Florida's Gulf Coast that, to the first order, control CDOM distributions on the shelf. Three storm events during 2004 and 2005 (Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Wilma, and a Winter Storm) profoundly altered the typical distribution of CDOM fluorescence and absorption properties on the Southern West Florida Shelf. Seasonal surveys revealed that changes in the underwater light field as a result of major hurricanes and resuspension events are linked closely with a number of factors prior to a storm's passing such as the presence of persistent blooms, rainfall and discharge. Additionally, storm track and wind direction were found to play a significant role in CDOM signatures. C1 [Conmy, Robyn N.; Coble, Paula G.; Cannizzaro, Jennifer P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Heil, Cynthia A.] Florida FWCC, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Conmy, RN (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM conmy.robyn@epa.gov FU ONR; NASA; FWCC/FMRI; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank ONR, NASA, and FWCC/FMRI for financial support of this research. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is a contribution from the EPA Gulf Ecology Division. Additional thanks to NOAA/AOML and FMRI for ship time aboard the R/V F. G. Walton Smith and R/V Suncoaster, respectively, and to Roxanne Hastings and Greta Klungness for DOM sample collection and analyses, Kendall Carder for input on satellite imagery, FL FWCC/FWRI for HAB cell counts, and Jeff Jackson for providing the WFS bathymetry map. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G00F04 DI 10.1029/2009JG000981 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 520QR UT WOS:000271861800002 ER PT J AU Yoo, H Washington, JW Jenkins, TM Libelo, EL AF Yoo, Hoon Washington, John W. Jenkins, Thomas M. Libelo, E. Lawrence TI Analysis of perfluorinated chemicals in sludge: Method development and initial results SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE PFOA; PFOS; PFCA; Sludge; LC/MS/MS ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; WATER; SURFACTANTS; MATRICES AB A fast, rigorous method was developed to maximize the extraction efficacy for ten perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate from waste-water-treatment sludge and to quantitate using liquid chromatography, tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). First, organic solvents were tested for extraction efficiency, including acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), isopropanol (IPA), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 50/50 ACN/MeOH (v/v). Among the extractants tested, 50/50 ACN/MeOH yielded the best results for our combined criteria of extraction efficacy and solvent-handling convenience. Second, chemical pretreatment prior to solvent extraction was tested with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and potassium persulfate (K(2)S(2)O(8)). Pretreatment with NaOH and HCl effectively recovered additional PFCs from the sludge, but KOH and K(2)S(2)O(8) digestion were less effective than no pretreatment. Third, cleanup methods were investigated with solid-phase extraction using HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced) and WAX (weak-anion exchange) stationary phases, and with ion-pairing. The HLB stationary phase yielded a slight edge over the other two cleanup strategies in terms of recoverable PFCs and chromatographic separation. Finally, the appropriateness of isotopically labeled PFCs for quantitating unlabeled PFCs using isotopic dilution in complex sludge extracts was evaluated by comparison to results obtained with the standard-addition method. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) domestic sludge (CRM 2781) was analyzed using our finalized method and compared with previously reported results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, Hoon; Washington, John W.; Jenkins, Thomas M.] USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Yoo, Hoon] CNR, Washington, DC USA. [Libelo, E. Lawrence] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Washington.John@epa.gov NR 31 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 6 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 45 BP 7831 EP 7839 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.051 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 514PT UT WOS:000271408000030 PM 19815224 ER PT J AU Bird, GS Hwang, SY Smyth, JT Fukushima, M Boyles, RR Putney, JW AF Bird, Gary S. Hwang, Sung-Yong Smyth, Jeremy T. Fukushima, Miwako Boyles, Rebecca R. Putney, James W., Jr. TI STIM1 Is a Calcium Sensor Specialized for Digital Signaling SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC KIDNEY-CELLS; LOCAL CA2+ INFLUX; MAST-CELLS; CRAC CHANNEL; ENTRY; ACTIVATION; OSCILLATIONS; RELEASE; ORAI1 AB When cells are activated by calcium-mobilizing agonists at low, physiological concentrations, the resulting calcium signals generally take the form of repetitive regenerative discharges of stored calcium, termed calcium oscillations [1]. These intracellular calcium oscillations have long fascinated biologists as a mode of digitized intracellular signaling. Recent work has highlighted the role of calcium influx as an essential component of calcium oscillations [2]. This influx occurs through a process known as store-operated calcium entry, which is initiated by calcium sensor proteins, STIM1 and STIM2, in the endoplasmic reticulum [3]. STIM2 is activated by changes in endoplasmic reticulum calcium near the resting level, whereas a threshold of calcium depletion is required for STIM1 activation [4]. Here we show that, surprisingly, it is STIM1 and not STIM2 that is exclusively involved in calcium entry during calcium oscillations. The implication is that each oscillation produces a transient drop in endoplasmic reticulum calcium and that this drop is sufficient to transiently activate STIM1. This transient activation of STIM1 can be observed in some cells by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. This arrangement nicely provides a clearly defined and unambiguous signaling system, translating a digital calcium release signal into calcium influx that can signal to downstream effectors. C1 [Bird, Gary S.; Hwang, Sung-Yong; Smyth, Jeremy T.; Fukushima, Miwako; Boyles, Rebecca R.; Putney, James W., Jr.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Putney, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM putney@niehs.nih.gov OI Boyles, Rebecca/0000-0003-0073-6854 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health FX We thank Drs. Jerrel Yakel, Steve Shears, and Wayne DeHaven, who read the manuscript and provided helpful comments. This work was supported by funds from the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Institutes of Health. NR 23 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 20 BP 1724 EP 1729 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.022 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 515UM UT WOS:000271498400028 PM 19765994 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN Montas, HJ AF Carleton, James N. Montas, Hubert J. TI Stochastic modeling of reactive transport in wetlands SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Dispersion; Model; Reactive transport; Stochastic; Wetland ID SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; RESIDENCE TIME; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; VEGETATION; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; DISPERSION; PATTERNS AB This study describes the development of a general model for reaction in and performance of spatially heterogeneous bioreactors such as treatment wetlands. The modeled domain possesses local-scale velocities, reaction rates and transverse dispersion coefficients that are functions of an underlying heterogeneity variate representing one or more controlling biophysical attributes, for example, reactive surface area (submerged plant) density. Reaction rate coefficients are treated as related to local velocities in an inverse square fashion via their mutual dependence upon the variate. The study focuses on the solution for the steady-state case with constant inlet concentration. Results compare well with exact solutions developed for laterally-bounded systems in which the heterogeneity is represented explicitly. Employing the bicontinuum analogue of a second-order model, an expression for an effective longitudinal dispersion coefficient as a function of travel distance is developed using the method of moments. The result provides insights into the behavior of concentration as transverse mixing drives the system asymptotically toward Fickian longitudinal dispersion. The model may represent an improvement over other approaches for characterizing treatment wetland performance because it accounts for evolving shear flow dispersion, and because parameters are few in number, physically based, and invariant with mean velocity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carleton, James N.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Montas, Hubert J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Mail Code 4305T,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carleton.jim@epa.gov; montas@umd.edu NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1615 EP 1631 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.08.011 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 518FW UT WOS:000271677100006 ER PT J AU Matott, LS Bandilla, K Rabideau, AJ AF Matott, L. Shawn Bandilla, Karl Rabideau, Alan J. TI Incorporating nonlinear isotherms into robust multilayer sorptive barrier design SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear sorption; Simulation-optimization; Multiple model analysis; Subsurface reactive transport ID AQUIFER REMEDIATION; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES; COMPETITIVE SORPTION; REACTIVE-TRANSPORT; ACTIVATED CARBON; LANDFILL LINERS; NATURAL SORBENT; MODEL; SOIL AB Sorptive barrier technologies have emerged as useful tools for addressing a wide range of remediation problems. When simulating barrier performance, numerous isotherm expressions are available for relating aqueous and sorbed concentrations. However, isotherm selection is non-trivial because alternative expressions may yield comparable fits to experimental data. Additionally, concentration data collected for parameter fitting is often outside the range of concentrations relevant to simulating barrier performance. This incompatibility necessitates extrapolation of isotherm behavior during simulation-optimization. Consequently, equally plausible isotherms may predict significantly different barrier performance. Numerical experiments involving organic contaminants were performed to examine the influence of isotherm selection and extrapolation on optimal barrier design. Ten isotherms were calibrated to existing experimental data and evaluated using information-theoretic selection criteria. When incorporated into simulation-optimization, extrapolation effects were clearly evident and optimal designs varied according to the chosen isotherm. To ensure robust barrier design in the presence of such variability, a simple methodology is proposed that utilizes a piecewise-minimum isotherm concept. By favoring plausible isotherms that predict the least amount of sorption, the methodology encourages conservative barrier design while respecting available data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matott, L. Shawn] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bandilla, Karl] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Rabideau, Alan J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Matott, LS (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM lsmatott@uwaterloo.ca; bandilla.karl@epa.gov; rabideau@buffalo.edu FU National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) [DGE-1234567]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [BES-0202077] FX Karl Bandilla was supported by the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) program in Geographic Information Science, award # DGE-1234567, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF), award # BES-0202077. This work was performed in part at the University at Buffalo Center for Computational Research. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1641 EP 1651 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.08.010 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 518FW UT WOS:000271677100008 ER PT J AU Nomura-Kitabayashi, A Phoon, CKL Kishigami, S Rosenthal, J Yamauchi, Y Abe, K Yamamura, K Samtani, R Lo, CW Mishina, Y AF Nomura-Kitabayashi, Aya Phoon, Colin K. L. Kishigami, Satoshi Rosenthal, Julie Yamauchi, Yasutaka Abe, Kuniya Yamamura, Ken-ichi Samtani, Rajeev Lo, Cecilia W. Mishina, Yuji TI Outflow tract cushions perform a critical valve-like function in the early embryonic heart requiring BMPRIA-mediated signaling in cardiac neural crest SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone morphogenetic proteins; endocardial cushions; heart defects congenital; heart development; ultrasound biomicroscopy ID MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-RECEPTOR; ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY-DOPPLER; ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION; MOUSE EMBRYOGENESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CONDUCTION SYSTEM; GENE-EXPRESSION; NF-ATC; SEPTATION; MICE AB Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Phoon CK, Kishigami S, Rosenthal J, Yamauchi Y, Abe K, Yamamura K, Samtani R, Lo CW, Mishina Y. Outflow tract cushions perform a critical valve-like function in the early embryonic heart requiring BMPRIA-mediated signaling in cardiac neural crest. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H1617-H1628, 2009. First published August 28, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00304.2009.-Neural crest-specific ablation of BMP type IA receptor (BMPRIA) causes embryonic lethality by embryonic day (E) 12.5, and this was previously postulated to arise from a myocardial defect related to signaling by a small population of cardiac neural crest cells (cNCC) in the epicardium. However, as BMP signaling via cNCC is also required for proper development of the outflow tract cushions, precursors to the semilunar valves, a plausible alternate or additional hypothesis is that heart failure may result from an outflow tract cushion defect. To investigate whether the outflow tract cushions may serve as dynamic valves in regulating hemodynamic function in the early embryo, in this study we used noninvasive ultrasound biomicroscopy-Doppler imaging to quantitatively assess hemodynamic function in mouse embryos with P0-Cre transgene mediated neural crest ablation of Bmpr1a (P0 mutants). Similar to previous studies, the neural crest-deleted Bmpr1a P0 mutants died at similar to E12.5, exhibiting persistent truncus arteriosus, thinned myocardium, and congestive heart failure. Surprisingly, our ultrasound analyses showed normal contractile indices, heart rate, and atrioventricular conduction in the P0 mutants. However, reversed diastolic arterial blood flow was detected as early as E11.5, with cardiovascular insufficiency and death rapidly ensuing by E12.5. Quantitative computed tomography showed thinning of the outflow cushions, and this was associated with a marked reduction in cell proliferation. These results suggest BMP signaling to cNCC is required for growth of the outflow tract cushions. This study provides definitive evidence that the outflow cushions perform a valve-like function critical for survival of the early mouse embryo. C1 [Phoon, Colin K. L.] NYU, Pediat Cardiol Program, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Nomura-Kitabayashi, Aya; Kishigami, Satoshi] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Rosenthal, Julie; Samtani, Rajeev; Lo, Cecilia W.] NHLBI, Dev Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yamauchi, Yasutaka; Abe, Kuniya; Yamamura, Ken-ichi] Kumamoto Univ, Dept Dev Genet, Inst Mol Embryol & Genet, Kumamoto, Japan. [Mishina, Yuji] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol & Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Phoon, CKL (reprint author), NYU, Pediat Cardiol Program, Sch Med, 160 E 32nd St,2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM colin.phoon@med.nyu.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [K08-HL-04414]; American Heart Association (Heritage Affiliate) [655907T, Z01-HL-005701]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES071003-10]; Japanese Science Promotion Society; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (Monkasho, Japan) FX This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants K08-HL-04414 and American Heart Association (Heritage Affiliate) Grant-in-Aid No. 655907T (to C. K. L. Phoon) and Grant Z01-HL-005701 (to C. W. Lo), the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES071003-10, and a conditional gift from RIKEN-Brain Science Institute to Y. Mishina. S. Kishigami was supported in part by the Japanese Science Promotion Society. K. Yamamura was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (Monkasho, Japan). NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 297 IS 5 BP H1617 EP H1628 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00304.2009 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 511DF UT WOS:000271143400011 PM 19717734 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Hilton, JF Wright, CC Arnold, BF Saha, S Wade, TJ Scott, J Eisenberg, JNS AF Colford, John M., Jr. Hilton, Joan F. Wright, Catherine C. Arnold, Benjamin F. Saha, Sona Wade, Timothy J. Scott, James Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. TI The Sonoma Water Evaluation Trial: A Randomized Drinking Water Intervention Trial to Reduce Gastrointestinal Illness in Older Adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATIONS; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; RISK; CONSUMPTION; MILWAUKEE AB Objectives. We estimated the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) per year associated with active versus sham household water filtration devices among older adults in a community receiving tap water meeting current US standards. Methods. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover trial in 714 households (988 individuals), which used active and sham water filtration devices for 6 months each. We estimated the annual incidence rate ratio of HCGI episodes and the longitudinal prevalence ratio of HCGI days at population and individual levels with a generalized estimating equation (GEE) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), respectively, adjusted for covariates associated with outcome. Results. The incidence rate ratios (active versus sham) were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.00) and 0.85 (95% 0 = 036, 0.94) HCGI episodes per year estimated by GEE and GLMM models, respectively. The corresponding longitudinal prevalence ratios were 0.88 (95% 0 = 034, 1.05) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.78, 0.90) HCGI days per person per year. Conclusions. We observed reductions in population- and individual-level measures of HCGI associated with use of the active filtration device. These findings suggest the need for further research on the impact of drinking water on the health of sensitive subpopulations. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1988-1995. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.153619) C1 [Colford, John M., Jr.; Wright, Catherine C.; Arnold, Benjamin F.; Saha, Sona; Scott, James; Eisenberg, Joseph N. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hilton, Joan F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 50 Univ Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcolford@berkeley.edu FU National Institute on Aging (NIA) [R01 AG16634] FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on Aging (NIA; grant R01 AG16634). NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2009 VL 99 IS 11 BP 1988 EP 1995 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.153619 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 511ZD UT WOS:000271209900018 PM 19762663 ER PT J AU Reddy, NM Suryanaraya, V Yates, MS Kleeberger, SR Hassoun, PM Yamamoto, M Liby, KT Sporn, MB Kensler, TW Reddy, SP AF Reddy, Narsa M. Suryanaraya, Vegiraju Yates, Melinda S. Kleeberger, Steven R. Hassoun, Paul M. Yamamoto, Masayuki Liby, Karen T. Sporn, Michael B. Kensler, Thomas W. Reddy, Sekhar P. TI The Triterpenoid CDDO-Imidazolide Confers Potent Protection against Hyperoxic Acute Lung Injury in Mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Nrf2; Keap1; antioxidants; stress response ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; PERMEABLE RADICAL SCAVENGER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ORGAN INJURY; NRF2; INFLAMMATION; MECHANISMS; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; OXIDANTS AB Rationale: Oxygen supplementation (e.g., hyperoxia) is used to support critically ill patients with noninfectious and infectious acute lung injury (ALI); however, hyperoxia exposure can potentially further contribute to and/or perpetuate preexisting ALI. Thus, developing novel therapeutic agents to minimize the side effects of hyperoxia is essential to improve the health of patients with severe ALI and respiratory dysfunction. We have previously shown that mice with a genetic disruption of the Nrf2 transcription factor, which squelches cellular stress by up-regulating the induction of several antioxidant enzymes and proteins, have greater susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated that Nrf2-deficiency impairs the resolution of lung injury and inflammation after nonlethal hyperoxia exposure. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that amplification of endogenous Nrf2 activity would prevent or dampen ALI induced by hyperoxia. Methods: Here, we tested our hypothesis using a synthetic triterpenoid compound CDDO-imidazole (CDDO-Im) (1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl] imidazole) in Nrf2-sufficient and Nrf2-deficient mice subjected to hyperoxia-induced ALI. Measurements and Main Results: We demonstrate that oral administration of CDDO-Im at a dose of 30 mu mol/kg body weight during the hyperoxic exposure is sufficient to markedly attenuate hyperoxia-induced ALI in Nrf2-sufficient but not Nrf2-deficient mice. This protection by the CDDO-Im against hyperoxic insult was accompanied by increased levels of Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective gene expression and reduced levels of DNA damage in the lung. Conclusions: These results suggest that up-regulation of Nrf2 signaling by CDDO-Im or its analogs may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to minimize the adverse effects of hyperoxia. C1 [Reddy, Narsa M.; Suryanaraya, Vegiraju; Yates, Melinda S.; Kensler, Thomas W.; Reddy, Sekhar P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hassoun, Paul M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Yamamoto, Masayuki] Tohoku Univ, Dept Med Biochem, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Liby, Karen T.; Sporn, Michael B.] Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. RP Reddy, SP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Room E7610,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sreddy@jhsph.edu RI Yamamoto, Masayuki/A-4873-2010; Kensler, Thomas/D-8686-2014 OI Kensler, Thomas/0000-0002-6676-261X FU National Institute of Health [HL66109, Est 1863, HL049441, SCCOR P50 HL073994, CA94076, P30 ES03819]; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Supported by National Institute of Health grants HL66109 and Est 1863 (S.P.R.), HL049441 (P.M.H), SCCOR P50 HL073994 (S.P.R. and P.M.H.), CA94076 (T.W.K.), P30 ES03819, and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (S. R. K.). NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 180 IS 9 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1164/rccm.200905-0670OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 512AX UT WOS:000271215500011 PM 19679692 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Li, ZW Carter, JD Soukup, JM Schwartz, DA Yang, IV AF Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Li, Zhuowei Carter, Jacqueline D. Soukup, Joleen M. Schwartz, David A. Yang, Ivana V. TI Fine Ambient Particles Induce Oxidative Stress and Metal Binding Genes in Human Alveolar Macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; air pollution; microarray; metallothionein ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; OXYGEN-FREE-RADICALS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VITRO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACUTE EXPOSURE; HUMAN LUNG AB Exposure to pollutant particles increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. The alveolar macrophages (AMs) are one cell type in the lung directly exposed to particles. Upon contact with particles, AMs are activated and produce reactive oxygen species, but the scope of this oxidative stress response remains poorly defined. In this study, we determined the gene expression profile in human AMs exposed to particles, and sought to characterize the global response of pro- and antioxidant genes. We exposed AMs obtained by bronchoscopy from normal individuals to Chapel Hill particulate matter of 2.5-mu m diameter or smaller (PM(2.5); 1 mu g/ml) or vehicle for 4 hours (n = 6 independent samples). mRNAs were extracted, amplified, and hybridized to Agilent human 1A microarray. Significant genes were identified by significance analysis of microarrays (false discovery rate, 10%; P <= 0.05) and mapped with Gene Ontology in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. We found 34 and 41 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively, 22 genes (similar to 30%) were involved in metal binding, and 11 were linked to oxidative stress, including up-regulation of five metallothionein (MT)-1 isoforms. Exogenous MT1 attenuated PM(2.5)-induced H(2)O(2) release. PM(2.5) pre-mixed with MT1 stimulated less H(2)O(2) release. Knockdown of MT1F gene increased PM(2.5)-induced H(2)O(2) release. PM(2.5) at 1 mu g/ml did not increase H(2)O(2) release. Mount St. Helens PM(2.5) and acid-extracted Chapel Hill PM(2.5), both poor in metals, did not induce MT1 F or H(2)O(2) release. Our results show that PM(2.5) induced a gene expression profile prevalent with genes related to metal binding and oxidative stress in human AMs, independent of oxidative stress. Metals associated with PM may play an important role in particle-induced gene changes. C1 [Huang, Yuh-Chin T.; Li, Zhuowei] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Carter, Jacqueline D.; Soukup, Joleen M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schwartz, David A.; Yang, Ivana V.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 2424 Erwin Rd,Suite G04,Rm G052, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM huang002@mc.duke.edu FU National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 41 IS 5 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0064OC PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 511BD UT WOS:000271137700006 PM 19251948 ER PT J AU Brescia, CC Griffin, SM Ware, MW Varughese, EA Egorov, AI Villegas, EN AF Brescia, Cristin C. Griffin, Shannon M. Ware, Michael W. Varughese, Eunice A. Egorov, Andrey I. Villegas, Eric N. TI Cryptosporidium Propidium Monoazide-PCR, a Molecular Biology-Based Technique for Genotyping of Viable Cryptosporidium Oocysts SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; CELL CULTURE-PCR; PARVUM OOCYSTS; ETHIDIUM MONOAZIDE; QUANTITATIVE-PCR; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; VITRO CULTIVATION; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; MESSENGER-RNA AB Cryptosporidium is an important waterborne protozoan parasite that can cause severe diarrhea and death in the immunocompromised. The current methods used to monitor for Cryptosporidium oocysts in water are the microscopy-based USEPA methods 1622 and 1623. These methods assess total levels of oocysts in source waters, but do not determine oocyst viability or genotype. Recently, propidium monoazide (PMA) has been used in conjunction with molecular diagnostic tools to identify species and assess the viability of bacteria. The goal of this study was the development of a Cryptosporidium PMA-PCR (CryptoPMA-PCR) assay that includes PMA treatment prior to PCR analysis in order to prevent the amplification of DNA from dead oocysts. The results demonstrated that PMA penetrates only dead oocysts and blocks amplification of their DNA. The CryptoPMA-PCR assay can also specifically detect live oocysts within a mixed population of live and dead oocysts. More importantly, live oocysts, not dead oocysts, were detected in raw waste or surface water samples spiked with Cryptosporidium oocysts. This proof-of-concept study is the first to demonstrate the use of PMA for pre-PCR treatment of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The CryptoPMA-PCR assay is an attractive approach to specifically detect and genotype viable Cryptosporidium oocysts in the water, which is critical for human health risk assessment. C1 [Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Griffin, Shannon M.; Egorov, Andrey I.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mailstop 320,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX This research was supported, in part, by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, for C. C. B., through an interagency agreement between the U. S. DOE and the U. S. EPA. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 54 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 21 BP 6856 EP 6863 DI 10.1128/AEM.00540-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 511KA UT WOS:000271161700028 PM 19749067 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Nde, C Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Jang, Hyeung-Jin Nde, Chantal Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Global transcriptome analysis of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG response to sodium hypochlorite SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicogenomics; Microarray; Mycobacterium bovis BCG; Sodium hypochlorite; Bleach ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; PE-PGRS PROTEINS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCOLIC ACIDS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; TOXICOGENOMIC RESPONSE; PERACETIC-ACID; TUBERCULOSIS AB Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis and infrequently by other subspecies of the M. tuberculosis complex, such as M. bovis. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is routinely used in hospitals and health care facilities for surface sterilization; however, the modes of action of bleach on M. bovis BCG and how this organism develops resistance to sodium hypochlorite have not been elucidated. In this study, we performed a global toxicogenomic analysis of the M. bovis response to 2.5 mM sodium hypochlorite after 10 and 20 min. M. bovis BCG growth was monitored by measuring the quantity of ATP in picomoles produced over a short exposure time (10-60 min) to sodium hypochlorite. This study revealed significant regulation of oxidative stress response genes of M. bovis BCG, such as oxidoreductase, peroxidase, heat shock proteins and lipid transport, and metabolism genes. We interpreted this response as a potentially more lethal interplay between fatty acid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and oxidative stress. Our results also suggest that sodium hypochlorite repressed transcription of genes involved in cell wall synthesis of M. bovis. This study shows that the treatment of M. bovis BCG with bleach inhibits the biosynthesis of outer cell wall mycolic acids and also induces oxidative damage. C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Nde, Chantal; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jang, Hyeung-Jin] Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Oriental Med, Dept Biochem, Seoul 130701, South Korea. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [T-83284001-2] FX This research is supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Grant number T-83284001-2. Although the research described in this paper has been funded wholly by the US Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and, therefore, may not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of recommendation of use. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2208-0 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 509NQ UT WOS:000271025100013 PM 19756581 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Esch, RK Schwartz, TD Dean, TR Hays, MD Cho, SH Betancourt, DA Moore, SA AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. K. Esch, R. K. Schwartz, T. D. Dean, T. R. Hays, M. D. Cho, S. H. Betancourt, D. A. Moore, S. A. TI An evaluation of indoor and outdoor biological particulate matter SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter; PM; Bioaerosols; Endotoxin; Protein; (1,3)-beta-D-glucan ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-POLLUTION; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; POLLEN SEASON; MEXICO-CITY; ENDOTOXIN; ASTHMA; BETULA; INFLAMMATION; PARTICLES AB The incidences of allergies, allergic diseases and asthma are increasing world wide. Global climate change is likely to impact plants and animals, as well as microorganisms. The World Health Organization, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change cite increased allergic reactions due to climate change as a growing concern. Monitoring of indoor and ambient particulate matter (PM) and the characterization of the content for biological aerosol concentrations has not been extensively performed. Samples from urban and rural North Carolina (NC), and Denver (CO), were collected and analyzed as the goal of this research. A study of PM(10) (<10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) and PM(2.5) (<2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) fractions of ambient bioaerosols was undertaken for a six month period to evaluate the potential for long-term concentrations. These airborne bioaerosols can induce irritational, allergic, infectious, and chemical responses in exposed individuals. Three separate sites were monitored, samples were collected and analyzed for mass and biological content (endotoxins, (1,3)-beta-D-glucan and protein). Concentrations of these bioaerosols were reported as a function of PM size fraction, mass and volume of air sampled. The results indicated that higher concentrations of biologicals were present in PM(10) than were present in PM(2.5), except when near-roadway conditions existed. This study provides the characterization of ambient bioaerosol concentrations in a variety of areas and conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Menetrez, M. Y.; Dean, T. R.; Hays, M. D.; Cho, S. H.; Betancourt, D. A.; Moore, S. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foarde, K. K.; Esch, R. K.; Schwartz, T. D.] Res Triangle Inst, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov; kkf@rti.org RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 34 BP 5476 EP 5483 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515AU UT WOS:000271439400005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Sheesley, RJ Schauer, JJ Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO AF Zhang, YuanXun Sheesley, Rebecca J. Schauer, James J. Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. TI Source apportionment of primary and secondary organic aerosols using positive matrix factorization (PMF) of molecular markers SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Source apportionment; Molecular marker; Primary organic aerosol; Secondary organic aerosol ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES; MODELS; CARBON; HYDROCARBONS; EMISSIONS; TRACERS AB Monthly average ambient concentrations of more than eighty particle-phase organic compounds, as well as total organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), were measured from March 2004 through February 2005 in five cities in the Midwestern United States. A multi-variant source apportionment receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF), was applied to explore the average source contributions to the five sampling sites using molecular markers for primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA, SOA). Using the molecular makers in the model, POA and SOA were estimated for each month at each site. Three POA factors were derived, which were dominated by primary molecular markers such as EC, hopanes, steranes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and which represented the following POA sources: urban primary sources, mobile sources, and other combustion sources. The three POA sources accounted for 57% of total average ambient OC. Three factors, characterized by the presence of reaction products of isoprene, alpha-pinene and beta-caryophyllene, and displaying distinct seasonal trends, were consistent with the characteristics of SOA. The SOA factors made up 43% of the total average measured OC. The PMF-derived results are in good agreement with estimated SOA concentrations obtained from SOA to tracer yield estimates obtained from smog chamber experiments. A linear regression comparing the smog chamber yield estimates and the PMF SOA contributions had a regression slope of 1.01 +/- 0.07 and an intercept of 0.19 +/- 0.10 mu g OC m(-3) (adjusted R(2) of 0.763, n = 58). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, YuanXun; Sheesley, Rebecca J.; Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, 660 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjschauer@wisc.edu RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 FU Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, LADCO; United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-065] FX The EC/OC and POA tracer measurements made in this study were made possible by funding from the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, LADCO. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency Review and approved for publication. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 34 BP 5567 EP 5574 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.047 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515AU UT WOS:000271439400015 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Hammond, DM Seila, RL Burke, JM Norris, GA AF Olson, David A. Hammond, Davyda M. Seila, Robert L. Burke, Janet M. Norris, Gary A. TI Spatial gradients and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds near roadways SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Source apportionment; Motor vehicles; Traffic ID CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; DEL-NORTE OZONE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOURCE PROFILES; MAJOR HIGHWAY; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; TRACERS; TUNNEL AB Concentrations of 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCS) (C(2)-C(12)) are reported near a highway in Raleigh, NC. Thirty-minute samples were collected at eight locations, ranging from approximately 10-100 m perpendicular from the roadway. The highest concentrations of VOCs were generally measured closest to the roadway, and concentrations decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the roadway. The highest mean concentration for individual VOCs were for ethylene (3.10 ppbv) (mean concentration at x = 13 m), propane (2.27 ppbv), ethane (1.91 ppbv), isopentane (1.54 ppbv), toluene (0.95 ppbv), and n-butane (0.89 ppbv). Concentrations at the nearest roadway location (x = 13 m) were generally between 2.0 and 1.5 times those from the farthest roadway location (x = 92 m). The data were apportioned into four source categories using the EPA Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB8.2): motor vehicle exhaust, compressed natural gas, propane gas, and evaporative gasoline. The majority of the VoCs resulted from motor vehicle exhaust (67 +/- 12%) (% of total VOC at x = 13 m +/- S.D.). Compressed natural gas. propane gas, and evaporative gasoline accounted for approximately 15%, 7% and 1% of the total VOC emissions, respectively, at x = 13 m. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, David A.; Hammond, Davyda M.; Seila, Robert L.; Burke, Janet M.; Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov FU EPA Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant FX The authors would like to thank all people from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency working in EPA's near road research program. We appreciate the direction and support of Dan Costa, U.S. EPA's National Program Director for Air, for leading the near road research program and for funding assistance from EPA Advanced Monitoring Initiative Grant. The authors thank Richard Baldauf, Eben Thoma, and Jason Weinstein of EPA's Office of Research and Development and Tom Long and Richard Snow of ARCADIS Inc. for their assistance in organizing, implementing and interpreting the field study measurements taken in the broader near road study in Raleigh, NC. We also want to thank the North Carolina Lions Club for the Blind for access to portions of the field site used in this study. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 35 BP 5647 EP 5653 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.065 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518DG UT WOS:000271669900009 ER PT J AU Meng, QY Spector, D Colome, S Turpin, B AF Meng, Qing Yu Spector, Dalia Colome, Steven Turpin, Barbara TI Determinants of indoor and personal exposure to PM2.5 of indoor and outdoor origin during the RIOPA study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fine particle exposure; PM2.5; Air exchange rate; Particle infiltration; PM and health ID AIR CHANGE RATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; AMBIENT PM2.5; HOMES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; EXPOLIS AB Effects of physical/environmental factors on fine particle (PM2.5) exposure, outdoor-to-indoor transport and air exchange rate (AER) were examined. The fraction of ambient PM2.5 found indoors (F-INF) and the fraction to which people are exposed (alpha) modify personal exposure to ambient PM2.5. Because F-INF, alpha, and AER are infrequently measured, some have used air conditioning (AC) as a modifier of ambient PM2.5 exposure. We found no single variable that was a good predictor of AER. About 50% and 40% of the variation in F-INF and alpha, respectively, was explained by AER and other activity variables. AER alone explained 36% and 24% of the variations in F-INF and alpha, respectively. Each other predictor, including Central AC Operation, accounted for less than 4% of the variation. This highlights the importance of AER measurements to predict F-INF and alpha. Evidence presented suggests that outdoor temperature and home ventilation features affect particle losses as well as AER, and the effects differ. Total personal exposures to PM2.5 mass/species were reconstructed using personal activity and micro-environmental methods, and compared to direct personal measurement. Outdoor concentration was the dominant predictor of (partial R-2 = 30-70%) and the largest contributor to (20-90%) indoor and personal exposures for PM2.5 mass and most species. Several activities had a dramatic impact on personal PM2.5 mass/species exposures for the few study participants exposed to or engaged in them, including smoking and woodworking. Incorporating personal activities (in addition to outdoor PM2.5) improved the predictive power of the personal activity model for PM2.5 Mass/species; more detailed information about personal activities and indoor sources is needed for further improvement (especially for Ca, K, OC). Adequate accounting for particle penetration and persistence indoors and for exposure to non-ambient sources could potentially increase the power of epidemiological analyses linking health effects to particulate exposures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Turpin, Barbara] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Turpin, Barbara] Rutgers State Univ, EOHSI, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Meng, Qing Yu] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spector, Dalia] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. [Colome, Steven] Integrated Environm Sci, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Turpin, B (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 FU EPA/NCEA-DOE/ORISE; Health Effects Institute [98-23-2]; Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Center; NIEHS Center of Excellence [ES05022]; NJ Agricultural Experiment Station; United States Environmental Protection Agency [R828112] FX This research was supported by an EPA/NCEA-DOE/ORISE research fellowship (Q. Meng), the Health Effects Institute (#98-23-2), the Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Center, the NIEHS Center of Excellence (ES05022), and the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted, in part, under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (R828112) and automotive manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI nor the views and policies of EPA or of motor vehicle and engine manufacturers.; The authors acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Dennis Kotchmar and RIOPA Investigators (Clifford Weisel, Maria Morandi, Jim Zhang, Thomas Stock, Arthur Winer), RIOPA study participants, and field and analytical personnel. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 36 BP 5750 EP 5758 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.066 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 523YJ UT WOS:000272110700005 PM 20339526 ER PT J AU Wang, PK Setvak, M Lyons, W Schmid, W Lin, HM AF Wang, Pao K. Setvak, Martin Lyons, Walter Schmid, Willi Lin, Hsin-Mu TI Further evidences of deep convective vertical transport of water vapor through the tropopause SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stratospheric water vapor; Deep convective storms; Convective transport; Storm top plumes; Jumping cirrus ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; STORMS; THUNDERSTORM; TOP; SIMULATIONS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; GENERATION; SYSTEMS AB A few years ago, we identified a deep convective transport mechanism, of water vapor through the tropopause, namely, storm top gravity wave breaking, such that tropospheric water substance can be injected into the lower stratosphere via this pathway. The main evidence presented previously was taken from the lower resolution AVHRR images of the storm anvil top cirrus plumes obtained by polar orbiting satellites. Recent observations have provided further supporting evidence for this important cross-tropopause transport mechanism. There are now many higher resolution satellite images, mainly from MODIS instrument, that show more definitely the existence of these plumes, many of which would probably be unseen by lower resolution images. Furthermore, a thunderstorm movie taken in Denver (USA) area during STEPS2000 field campaign and another thunderstorm movie taken by a building top webcam in Zurich also demonstrate that the jumping cirrus phenomenon, first identified by T. Fujita in 1980s, may be quite common in active thunderstorm cells, quite contrary to previous belief that it is rare. We have used a cloud model to demonstrate that the jumping cirrus is exactly the gravity wave breaking phenomenon that transports water vapor through the tropopause. These additional evidences provide increasing support that deep convection contributes substantially to the troposphere-to-stratosphere transport of water substance. This corroborates well with recent studies of the stratospheric HDO/H2O ratio which is much highly than it would be if the transport is via slow ascent. The only explanation that can be used to interpret this observation at present is that water substance is transported through the tropopause via rapid vertical motion, i.e., deep convection. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Pao K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Setvak, Martin] CHMI, Satellite Dept, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Lyons, Walter] FMA Res, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Schmid, Willi] Meteoradar Gmbh, CH-8143 Stallikon, Switzerland. [Lin, Hsin-Mu] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wang, PK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pao@windy.aos.wisc.edu FU US NSF [ATM-0729898, ATM-0221215]; Agency of the Czech Republic [205/07/0905] FX This study was conducted under the partial support of US NSF grants ATM-0729898 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and ATM-0221215 to FMA Research, and also partially within the frame of the project No. 205/07/0905 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic. We thank Dominik Brunner for pointing out the webcam movies in ETH, Switzerland. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments led to improvements of this paper.; Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.06.018 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 513PW UT WOS:000271336300004 ER PT J AU Schmajuk, NA Bushnell, PJ AF Schmajuk, Nestor A. Bushnell, Philip J. TI A computational model reveals classical conditioning mechanisms underlying visual signal detection in rats SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Signal detection; Classical conditioning; Model; Operant conditioning; Sign-tracking; Occasion setting ID NEURAL-NETWORK APPROACH; LATENT INHIBITION; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; BEHAVIORAL VIGILANCE; HIPPOCAMPAL-LESIONS; BASAL FOREBRAIN; EVENT RATE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CHLORPYRIFOS; ASSOCIATIONS AB We applied a neural network model of classical conditioning proposed by Schmajuk et al. (1996) to visual signal detection and discrimination tasks designed to assess sustained attention in rats (Bushnell, 1999). We used a sign-tracking description of signal detection behavior by assuming that rats approach the location of the lever that they expect will be rewarded. We also assumed that although the visual signals contribute to set the occasion for the approach response to be generated, they do not become strongly associated with reward. The model accurately described Bushnell's (1999) results showing an increased proportion of hits with increasing signal intensity, decreased proportion of hits with increasing trial rate, and lower accuracy in a discrimination task compared to a detection task. In addition, observation of the behavior of rats performing the task confirmed assumptions and predictions of the model: (a) rats learn to approach the location of the lever they expect to be rewarded; (b) during the pre-signal interval, rats approach the location of the blank lever because it matches the intensity of the light they experience during that interval; and (c) the rats' behavior is directed to the location of the levers and not towards the light, which acts only as an "occasion setter" for the lever to be selected and pressed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmajuk, Nestor A.] Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bushnell, Philip J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schmajuk, NA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM nestor@duke.edu NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD NOV PY 2009 VL 82 IS 3 BP 340 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.08.005 PG 12 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 522TP UT WOS:000272022100016 PM 19699786 ER PT J AU Vu, KD Yan, S Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Vu, Khanh Dang Yan, S. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Induced production of chitinase to enhance entomotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis employing starch industry wastewater as a substrate SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki; Delta-endotoxin concentration; Chitinase activity; Synergistic action; Starch industry wastewater ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; SPRUCE BUDWORM; SUBSP KURSTAKI; ENCODING GENES; EXPRESSION; CLONING; SPORULATION; SELECTION; SLUDGE; LARVAE AB Induced production of chitinase during bioconversion of starch industry wastewater (SIW) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (Btk) based biopesticides was studied in shake flask as well as in computer-controlled fermentors. SIW was fortified with different concentrations (0%: 0.05%: 0.1%: 0.2%: 0.3% w/v) of colloidal chitin and its consequences were ascertained in terms of Btk growth (total cell count and viable spore count), chitinase, protease and amylase activities and entomotoxicity. At optimum concentration of 0.2% w/v colloidal chitin, the entomotoxicity of fermented broth and suspended pellet was enhanced from 12.4 x 10(9) (without chitin) to 14.4 x 10(9) SBU/L and from 18.2 x 10(9) (without chitin) to 25.1 x 10(9) SBU/L, respectively. Further, experiments were conducted for Btk growth in a computer-controlled 15 L bioreactor using SIW as a raw material with (0.2% w/v chitin, to induce chitinase) and without fortification of colloidal chitin. It was found that the total cell count, spore count, delta-endotoxin concentration (alkaline solubilised insecticidal crystal proteins), amylase and protease activities were reduced whereas the entomotoxicity and chitinase activity was increased with chitin fortification. The chitinase activity attained a maximum value at 24 h (15 mU/ml) and entomotoxicity of suspended pellet reached highest (26.7 x 10(9) SBU/L) at 36 h of fermentation with chitin supplementation of SIW. In control (without chitin), the highest value of entomotoxicity of suspended pellet (20.5 x 10(9) SBU/L) reached at 48 h of fermentation. A quantitative synergistic action of delta-endotoxin concentration, spore concentration and chitinase activity on the entomotoxicity against spruce budworm larvae was observed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vu, Khanh Dang; Yan, S.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [4984] FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant 4984, Canada Research Chair) for financial support. The views and opinions expressed in this article are strictly those of authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 21 BP 5260 EP 5269 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.084 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 480NP UT WOS:000268742800050 PM 19564105 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Muhammad, N Packard, B Meiners, G Kefauver, P Hall, J AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Muhammad, Nur Packard, Benjamin Meiners, Greg Kefauver, Paul Hall, John TI Bacillus spore uptake onto heavily corroded iron pipe in a drinking water distribution system simulator SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; spores; biofilm; adhesion; iron; corrosion; drinking water; free chlorine ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; PILOT-SCALE; BIOFILMS; PERSISTENCE; FATE; INACTIVATION; SURVIVAL AB Un simulateur de systeme de distribution d'eau potable dechloree comportant un tuyau en fer non double et age de 15 ans a ete contamine par des spores de Bacillus globigii. La densite des spores dans la phase liquide volumique a diminue de 1,5 a 2,0 log(10) cinq minutes apres l'injection et a baisse de 1,8 a 3,4 log(10) apres 4 jours. Les spores ont ete detectees a l'interieur du tuyau de fer a 2 et 22 CFU/cm(2) une fois qu'il a ete decontamine et demonte. Les resultats soutiennent les etudes anterieures a l'echelle du laboratoire qui montrent que les spores peuvent persister sur des surfaces corrodees dans un environnement d'eau potable. C1 [Szabo, Jeffrey G.; Packard, Benjamin; Hall, John] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Muhammad, Nur; Meiners, Greg; Kefauver, Paul] Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0315-1468 J9 CAN J CIVIL ENG JI Can. J. Civ. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1867 EP 1871 DI 10.1139/L09-097 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 541LY UT WOS:000273418400019 ER PT J AU Kang, XZ Chao, DM Gu, QB Ding, GH Wang, YW Balboni, G Lazarus, LH Xia, Y AF Kang, Xuezhi Chao, Dongman Gu, Quanbao Ding, Guanghong Wang, Yingwei Balboni, Gianfranco Lazarus, Lawrence H. Xia, Ying TI delta-Opioid receptors protect from anoxic disruption of Na+ homeostasis via Na+ channel regulation SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Beijing Joint Conference of Physiological Science CY 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE delta-Opioid receptor; Na+ channels; Na+ influx; Hypoxia; Cortex ID RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; APOPTOTIC NEURONAL DEATH; NULL MUTANT MOUSE; FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA; IN-VITRO; GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; K+ HOMEOSTASIS; BRAIN; MODEL AB Hypoxic/ischemic disruption of ionic homeostasis is a critical trigger of neuronal injury/death in the brain. There is, however, no promising strategy against such pathophysiologic change to protect the brain from hypoxic/ischemic injury. Here, we present a novel finding that activation of delta-opioid receptors (DOR) reduced anoxic Na+ influx in the mouse cortex, which was completely blocked by DOR antagonism with naltrindole. Furthermore, we co-expressed DOR and Na+ channels in Xenopus oocytes and showed that DOR expression and activation indeed play an inhibitory role in Na+ channel regulation by decreasing the amplitude of sodium currents and increasing activation threshold of Na+ channels. Our results suggest that DOR protects from anoxic disruption of Na+ homeostasis via Na+ channel regulation. These data may potentially have significant impacts on understanding the intrinsic mechanism of neuronal responses to stress and provide clues for better solutions of hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy, and for the exploration of acupuncture mechanism since acupuncture activates opioid system. C1 [Chao, Dongman; Xia, Ying] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kang, Xuezhi; Gu, Quanbao; Ding, Guanghong] Shanghai Res Ctr Acupuncture & Meridians, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yingwei] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Coll Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. [Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Xia, Y (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, 333 Cedar St,LMP 3107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM ying.xia@yale.edu RI Kang, Xuezhi/L-6719-2016 OI Kang, Xuezhi/0000-0002-0582-2244 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090053-21, Z01 ES100472-06]; NCCIH NIH HHS [AT004422]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD34852, R01 HD034852] NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 66 IS 21 BP 3505 EP 3516 DI 10.1007/s00018-009-0136-x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 504QQ UT WOS:000270632600008 PM 19756387 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Extending the diffuse layer model of surface acidity behaviour: III. Estimating bound site activity coefficients SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE diffuse layer model; surface acidity behaviour; bound site activity coefficients ID COUNTERION CONDENSATION; SOLUTION INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; IONIC-STRENGTH; COMPLEXATION; ADSORPTION; BINDING; CHARGE; POLYELECTROLYTES; CONSTANTS AB Although detailed thermodynamic analyses of the 2-pK diffuse layer surface complexation model generally specify bound site activity coefficients for the purpose of accounting for those non-ideal excess free energies contributing to bound site electrochemical potentials, in application these terms are ignored based on one or more of the following assumptions: (1) bound site activity coefficients cancel out in the mass action quotients; (2) bound sites display ideal behaviour; and/or (3) these energies are already included in the exponential Boltzmann terms. In this work it is demonstrated that the bound site charging energy terms discussed in the two previous papers in this series have both conceptual and computational analogies to the charging energy contribution to the activity coefficients obtained from the Debye-Huckel Limiting Law. On high charge density colloidal particles at constant counterion condensation (tau), these charging energies can be related to the surface potential (Psi) by: Delta G(charging) = (1-tau)F Psi (where F is the Faraday constant). If one assumes a maximum practical accuracy of +/-10% in experimental estimates of Psi, then it is suggested that charging energies are likely to be experimentally indiscernible under conditions where tau >= 0.9. These findings support the historical practice of ignoring bound site activity coefficients with the 2-pK diffuse layer surface complexation model in the following situations: for spherical particles with a radius >= 0.1 mu m at ionic strengths >= 0.001M (1 : 1), and for spherical particles with a radius >0.01 mu m at an ionic strength >0.1M (1 : 1). In contrast, charging energies (and non-ideal behaviour) are predicted to be significant at all charge densities and ionic strengths for spherical particles with a radius of 0.001 mu m. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.3184/095422909X12554536818912 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 548EC UT WOS:000273941400005 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Schrock, ME AF Chuang, Jane C. Van Emon, Jeanette M. Schrock, Mary E. TI High-throughput screening of dioxins in sediment and soil using selective pressurized liquid extraction with immunochemical detection SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Selective pressurized liquid extraction; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCDD; PCDF; Sediment; Soil ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; SAMPLES; PCBS; IMMUNOASSAY; FISH; CELL AB A high-throughput screening method using selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring dioxins in sediment and soil is described. SPLE conditions were developed by extracting sediment or soil together with alumina, 10% AgNO(3) in silica, and sulfuric acid impregnated silica (acid silica) using dichloromethane (DCM) as the solvent at 100 degrees C and 2000 psi. Post-extraction cleanups were not required for ELISA. Two reference sediments (National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 1944 and Wellington Laboratories WMS01) were analyzed by the SPLE-ELISA method. The ELISA utilized a polyclonal antibody and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as the calibrant. Recoveries of ELISA-derived TCDD equivalents (EQ) relative to the expected gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (CC/HRMS) derived dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) values were 116 +/- 11% for SRM 1944 and 102 +/- 13% for WMS01. ELISA TCDD EQs were consistent with the dioxin TEQs as measured by GC/HRMS for 25 soil/sediment samples from seven different contaminated sites. The ELISA had an approximate method detection limit of 10 pg g(-1) with a precision of 2.6-29% based on the relative percentage difference (%RPD) for duplicate samples. Estimated sample throughput for the SPLE-ELISA was three times or more than that of the GC/HRMS method employing PLE with a multi-column cleanup. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chuang, Jane C.; Schrock, Mary E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM chuangj@battelle.org; vanemon.jeanette@epa.-gov; schrockm@battelle.org FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-04-068, EP-C05-057]; Battelle's Internal Research and Development Program FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under EPA contract EP-D-04-068 and EP-C05-057. Some of the work was funded through Battelle's Internal Research and Development Program. We thank all the Battelle staff who carried out sample preparation and analysis activities. This article has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2009 VL 77 IS 9 BP 1217 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523XX UT WOS:000272109500009 PM 19818991 ER PT J AU Cooper, G Gilbert, K Greidinger, E James, J Pfau, J Reinlib, L Richardson, B Rose, N AF Cooper, Glinda Gilbert, Kathleen Greidinger, Eric James, Judith Pfau, Jean Reinlib, Leslie Richardson, Bruce Rose, Noel TI Recent advances and opportunities in research on lupus: environmental influences and mechanisms of disease SO CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA LA English DT Review DE Apoptosis; Epstein-Barr virus; Silica; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Trichloroethylene ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; ZEALAND MIXED MICE; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; KINASE-C-DELTA; SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RESISTANT B10.A MICE; APOPTOTIC CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; MURINE MODEL AB We summarize research on mechanisms through which environmental agents may affect the pathogenesis of lupus, discuss three exposures that have been the focus of research in this area, and propose recommendations for new research initiatives. We examined studies pertaining to key mechanistic events and specific exposures. Apoptosis leading to increased production or decreased clearance of immunogenic intracellular self-antigens and defective apoptosis of autoreactive immune cells both have been implicated in the loss of self-tolerance. The adjuvant or bystander effect is also needed to produce a sustained autoimmune response. Activation of toll-like receptors is one mechanism through which these effects may occur. Abnormal DNA methylation may contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus. Each of the specific exposures has been shown, in humans or in mice, to act upon one or more of these pathogenic steps. Specific recommendations for the continued advancement of our understanding of environmental influences on lupus and other autoimmune diseases include the development and use of mouse models with varying degrees of penetrance and manifestations of disease, identification of molecular or physiologic targets of specific exposures, development and use of improved exposure assessment methodologies, and multisite collaborations designed to examine understudied environmental exposures in humans. C1 [Cooper, Glinda] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilbert, Kathleen] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Greidinger, Eric] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [James, Judith] Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Arthrit & Immunol Program, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Pfau, Jean] Univ Montana, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reinlib, Leslie] NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Richardson, Bruce] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rose, Noel] Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cooper, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov NR 107 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ABRASCO PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA RUA HESPERIA, 16-PARTE MANGUINHOS, RIO DE JANEIRO, 21050-040, BRAZIL SN 1413-8123 J9 CIENC SAUDE COLETIVA JI Cienc. Saude Coletiva PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1865 EP 1876 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 511KH UT WOS:000271162500028 PM 19851599 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Len, C Fihri, A AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Len, Christophe Fihri, Aziz TI Silica-supported palladium: Sustainable catalysts for cross-coupling reactions SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Heterogeneous catalysis; Silica-supported palladium catalysts; Solid support; Recycling; Cross-coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Heck, Stille, Cyanations, Carbonylations, Aminations, Buchwald-Hartwig reaction) ID REUSABLE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIAL; OXIME-CARBAPALLADACYCLE COMPLEX; HECK REACTION; MESOPOROUS SILICA; SUZUKI REACTION; TRANSITION-METAL; ARYL HALIDES; RECYCLABLE CATALYSTS; HIGHLY EFFICIENT AB Heterogeneous palladium (Pd) catalyst systems are among the most widely used for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds. The majority of the novel heterogeneous catalysts are based on silica supports, primarily because silica displays some advantageous properties, such as excellent stability (chemical and thermal), good accessibility and porosity, and the fact that organic groups can be robustly anchored to the surface to provide catalytic centers. This review aims to give insight into the state of art in the field of the synthesis and the application of silica-supported Pd catalysts in carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen Coupling reactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek] US EPA, NRMRL, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Len, Christophe; Fihri, Aziz] UTC, ESCOM, Transformat Integrees Matiere Renouvelable, F-60200 Compiegne, France. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vivekpol@yahoo.com; a.fihri@escom.fr RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 140 TC 261 Z9 263 U1 30 U2 157 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 253 IS 21-22 BP 2599 EP 2626 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.001 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 514CT UT WOS:000271372100006 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Hoag, G Collins, J Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Hoag, George Collins, John Varma, Rajender S. TI Green Synthesis of Au Nanostructures at Room Temperature Using Biodegradable Plant Surfactants SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID HIGH-YIELD SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BULK SYNTHESIS; NANORODS; SHAPE; AG; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB One-step green synthesis of gold (Au) nanostructures is described using naturally occurring biodegradable plant surfactants such as VeruSOL-3 (mixture of D-limonene and plant-based surfactants), VeruSOL-10, VeruSOL-11, and VeruSOL-12 (individual plant-based surfactants derived from coconut and castor oils) without any special reducing agent/capping agents. This greener method uses water as a benign solvent and surfactant/plant extract as a reducing agent. Depending upon the Au concentration used for the preparation, Au crystallizes in different shapes and sizes to form spherical, prisms, and hexagonal structures. Sizes vary from the nanometer to micrometer scale level depending on the plant extract used for preparation. Synthesized Au nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV spectroscopy. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hoag, George; Collins, John] VeruTEK Technol Inc, Bloomfield, CT 06002 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 33 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 11 BP 4979 EP 4983 DI 10.1021/cg9007685 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 512TG UT WOS:000271272900059 ER PT J AU Tepolt, CK Darling, JA Bagley, MJ Geller, JB Blum, MJ Grosholz, ED AF Tepolt, C. K. Darling, J. A. Bagley, M. J. Geller, J. B. Blum, M. J. Grosholz, E. D. TI European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) in the northeastern Pacific: genetic evidence for high population connectivity and current-mediated expansion from a single introduced source population SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; invasion dynamics; larval dispersal; marine invasions; range expansion ID LARVAL-DISPERSAL MODEL; CREPIDULA-FORNICATA; MICROSATELLITE DATA; CRYPTIC INVASIONS; EL-NINO; CALIFORNIA; SUCCESS; RANGE; EVOLUTION; PREDATOR AB Aim The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) expanded dramatically after its introduction to the west coast of North America, spreading over 1000 km in < 10 years. We use samples of Carcinus maenas collected over time and space to investigate the genetic patterns underlying the species' initial establishment and spread, and discuss our findings in the context of the species' life history characteristics and demography. Location The central west coast of North America, encompassing California, Oregon, and Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Methods We collected 1040 total samples from 21 sites representing the major episodes of population establishment and expansion along the west coast of North America. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and structure at different time points in the species' spread, to investigate connectivity between embayments and to estimate both short-term effective population sizes and the number of original founders. Assignment testing was performed to determine the likely source of the introduction. Results Carcinus maenas in western North America likely derived from a single introduction of a small number of founders to San Francisco Bay, CA from the east coast of North America. Throughout its western North American range, the species experiences periodic migration between embayments, resulting in a minor loss of genetic diversity in more recently established populations versus the populations in the area of initial establishment. Main conclusions Low genetic diversity has not precluded the ability of C. maenas to successfully establish and spread on the west coast of North America. An efficient oceanographic transport mechanism combined with highly conducive life history traits are likely the major drivers of C. maenas spread. Evidence for a single introduction underscores the potential utility of early detection and eradication of high-risk invasive species. C1 [Tepolt, C. K.; Darling, J. A.; Bagley, M. J.; Blum, M. J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Geller, J. B.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Blum, M. J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Grosholz, E. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tepolt, CK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM ctepolt@stanford.edu NR 63 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1009 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00605.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505XN UT WOS:000270735000008 ER PT J AU Knudsen, GA Cheng, Y Kuester, RK Hooth, MJ Sipes, IG AF Knudsen, G. A. Cheng, Y. Kuester, R. K. Hooth, M. J. Sipes, I. G. TI Effects of Dose and Route on the Disposition and Kinetics of 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Chloride in Male F-344 Rats SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTERS; TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; MALE FISCHER-344 RATS; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL; TOXICOKINETICS; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION; OCT2 AB Studies were conducted to characterize the effects of dose and route of administration on the disposition of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (BmPy-Cl) in male Fischer-344 rats. After a single oral administration of [(14)C]BmPy-Cl (50 mg/kg), BmPy-Cl in the blood decreased rapidly after C(max) of 89.1 min with a distribution half-life (t(1/2 alpha)) of 21 min, an elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) of 5.6 h, and a total body clearance of 7.6 ml/min. After oral administration (50, 5, and 0.5 mg/kg), 50 to 70% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the feces, with the remainder recovered in the urine. Serial daily oral administrations of [(14)C]BmPy-Cl (50 mg/kg/day for 5 days) did not result in a notable alteration in disposition or elimination. After each administration, 88 to 94% of the dose was eliminated in a 24-h period, with 63 to 76% of dose recovered in the feces. Intravenous administration of [(14)C]BmPy-Cl (5 mg/kg) resulted in biphasic elimination. Oral systemic bioavailability was 43.4%, approximately equal to the dose recovered in urine after oral administration (29-38%). Total dermal absorption of [(14)C]BmPy-Cl (5 mg/kg) was moderate when it was applied in dimethylformamide-water (34 +/- 13%), variable in water (22 +/- 8%), or minimal in ethanol-water (13 +/- 1%) vehicles. Urine was the predominant route of elimination regardless of vehicle. Only parent [(14)C]BmPy-Cl was detected in the urine after all doses and routes of administration. BmPy-Cl was found to be a substrate for (K(t) = 37 mu M) and inhibitor of (IC(50/tetraethylammonium) = 0.5 mu M) human organic cation transporter 2. In summary, BmPy-Cl is moderately absorbed, extracted by the kidney, and eliminated in the urine as parent compound, independent of dose, number, or route of administration. C1 [Knudsen, G. A.; Cheng, Y.; Kuester, R. K.; Sipes, I. G.] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Hooth, M. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sipes, IG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, POB 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM sipes@email.arizona.edu RI Knudsen, Gabriel/G-3706-2013 OI Knudsen, Gabriel/0000-0002-7208-6451 FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [N01-ES45529, N01-ES06694]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Intramural Research Program, Research Project Number 1 [Z01ES045004-11 BB]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK58251] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Grants N01-ES45529, ES06694]; the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Intramural Research Program, Research Project Number 1 [Grant Z01ES045004-11 BB]; and the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Grant DK58251]. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2171 EP 2177 DI 10.1124/dmd.109.029082 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 507TA UT WOS:000270876600008 PM 19704025 ER PT J AU Lane, CR Reiss, KC DeCelles, S Brown, MT AF Lane, Charles R. Reiss, Kelly C. DeCelles, Susanna Brown, Mark T. TI Benthic diatom composition in isolated forested wetlands subject to drying: Implications for monitoring and assessment SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Isolated wetland; Diatom; IBI; Condition; Florida; Hydrology; Bioindicator ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; SOUTHEASTERN; ASSEMBLAGES; INDICATORS; RIVERS; INDEX; USA AB The development of bioindicators for wetlands, especially ephemerally hydrated depressional and isolated wetlands, can be problematic because of seasonal changes in hydrology and target indicator organism biology. To determine if benthic diatoms could be used as a multi-season biological indicator of wetland condition in isolated forested wetlands of Florida, USA, I I wetlands were sampled twice during a 5-month period, once when dry, then again when hydrated. Sites sampled when dry had significantly higher diatom taxa richness at genus and species levels. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and multiple response permutation process analyses resulted in no obvious or significant wet/dry grouping of species or genus level abundance data. Five of seven diatom metrics of the Florida Wetland Condition Index (FWCI) for depressional forested wetlands were significantly linearly correlated (p < 0.05), while only one of seven metrics (a dissolved oxygen indicator) had a significantly different mean in paired t-test analyses. The final FWCI was significantly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.85, p < 0.001) between wet and dry sites, and no difference was found in mean FWCI score between wet and dry sites (t = -1.98, p = 0.076), suggesting that with additional research, benthic diatoms may be used to monitor and assess wetland condition regardless of season or site hydrologic conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lane, Charles R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Reiss, Kelly C.; Brown, Mark T.] Univ Florida, HT Odum Ctr Wetlands, Gainesville, FL USA. [DeCelles, Susanna] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS-642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lane.charles@cpa.gov OI Reiss, Kelly/0000-0002-4039-4724 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We appreciate comments on an earlier draft by Erin Quinlan. Ellen D'Amico created the map. Susan Carsterm, Jim Surdick, and Mike Murray-Hudson assisted in sample collection. Diatom identification was completed by R. Jan Stevenson, Michigan State University, and Mike Hein, Water and Air Research. Kalina Manoylov of Georgia College and State University assisted greatly in the cross-walking of data sets. Portions of this research were funded in part by a Section 319 Nonpoint Source Management grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a contract with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Although this work was reviewed by the EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The manuscript was significantly improved by the comments received from anonymous reviewers, and their efforts are greatly appreciated. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.12.010 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 459RA UT WOS:000267120400008 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Roy, AH Leigh, DS AF Walters, D. M. Roy, A. H. Leigh, D. S. TI Environmental indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage integrity in urbanizing watersheds SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Biotic indices; Stressor gradient; Urban syndrome; Biotic integrity ID STREAM INSECT COMMUNITIES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BLUE-RIDGE MOUNTAINS; PIEDMONT RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; APPALACHIAN STREAMS; WISCONSIN STREAMS; HABITAT QUALITY; URBANIZATION AB Urbanization compromises the biotic integrity and health of streams, and indicators of integrity loss are needed to improve assessment programs and identify mechanisms of urban effects. We investigated linkages between landscapes and assemblages in 31 wadeable Piedmont streams in the Etowah River basin in northern Georgia (USA). Our objectives were to identify the indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish integrity from a large set of best land cover (n = 45), geomorphology (n = 115), and water quality (it = 12) variables, and to evaluate the potential for variables measured with minimal cost and effort to effectively predict biotic integrity. Macroinvertebrate descriptors were better predicted by land cover whereas fish descriptors were better predicted by geomorphology. Water quality variables demonstrated moderate levels of predictive power for biotic descriptors. Macroinvertebrate descriptors were best predicted by urban cover (-), conductivity (-), fines in riffles and local relief (+). Fish descriptors were best predicted by embeddedness (-), turbidity (-), slope and forest cover (+). We used multiple linear regression modeling to predict descriptors using three independent variable sets that varied in difficulty of data collection. "Full" models included a full range of geomorphic, water quality and landscape variables regardless of the intensity of data collection efforts. "Reduced" models included GIS-derived variables describing catchment morphometry and land use as well as variables easily collected in the field with minimal cost and effort. "Simple" models only included GIS-derived variables. Full models explained 63-81% of the variation among descriptors, indicating strong relationships between landscape properties and biotic assemblages across our sites. Reduced and simple models were weaker, explaining 48-79% and 42-79%, respectively, of the variance among descriptors. Considering the difference in predictive power among these model sets, we recommend a tiered approach to variable selection and model development depending upon management goals. GIS variables are simple and inexpensive to collect, and a GIS-based modeling approach would be appropriate for goals such as site screening (e.g., identification of reference streams). As management goals become more complex (e.g., long-term monitoring programs), additional, easily collected field variables (e.g., embeddedness) should be included. Finally, labor-intensive variables (e.g., nutrients and fines in sediments) could be added to meet complex management goals such as restoration of impaired streams or mechanistic studies of land use effects on stream ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Walters, D. M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Roy, A. H.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Leigh, D. S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 FU USEPA [EPA R826597-01-0]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0218001]; University of Georgia Research Foundation; Georgia Museum of Natural History FX Funding was provided by a grant from the USEPA (EPA R826597-01-0) and the National Science Foundation (NSF Award DEB-0218001) with additional support from the University of Georgia Research Foundation and the Georgia Museum of Natural History. We thank the Etowah Research Team and the Freeman Laboratory Team for assistance with field sampling and sample analysis. We also thank M. Moeykens for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was reviewed by USEPA and approved for publication, but may not reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement. NR 72 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.02.011 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 459RA UT WOS:000267120400020 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Sorial, G Sahle-Demessie, E AF Srinivasan, Rangesh Sorial, George Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew TI Removal of Perchlorate and Chlorate in Aquatic Systems Using Integrated Technologies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; chlorate; zero-valent iron; electrochemical reduction ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ARSENITE REMOVAL; PSEUDOMONAS SP; MIXED CULTURE; CLO4 IONS; NITRATE; ELECTRODES AB Because of its extremely low concentrations and strong resistance to most treatment technologies, perchlorate has become one of the biggest challenges currently being faced by the drinking water industry. Few studies have looked at electrochemical reduction of aqueous perchlorate, and there is also limited data in the literature on removal of chlorate in water. This is the first attempt to develop an integrated method for removal of perchlorate and chlorate in water by combining zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) and electrochemical reduction. However, use of Fe(0) in electrochemical process did not produce expected results, as high pH and the presence of hydrogen gas rendered the Fe(0) ineffective for any perchlorate reduction. Electrochemical experiments for perchlorate reduction with electrodes such as nickel and carbon in the presence of cobalt-based catalysts did result in reaction rate constants that were three to five times higher those achieved with Fe(0). However, these rates are still too slow for any practical consideration. Surface characteristics of iron were studied to determine reasons for this reduced capacity. Batch experiments and electrochemical experiments were conducted to better understand reduction of chlorate and effects of various process parameters on chlorate reduction kinetics. As expected, reduction rates for chlorate achieved with Fe(0) were significantly higher when compared with perchlorate. Also, reaction kinetics associated with electrochemical reduction of chlorate were comparable to that observed with Fe(0), especially at low pH. Electrolyte ionic strength and pH were found to be the most important factors influencing chlorate reduction. Results of this study could be used to optimize complete removal of perchlorate and chlorate in water by electrochemical reduction. C1 [Srinivasan, Rangesh; Sorial, George] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sorial, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall,2624 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM george.sorial@uc.edu FU U. S. EPA [EP-C-05-056] FX This research study was supported by the U. S. EPA under Contract No. EP-C-05-056. Although this work was reviewed by the U. S. EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1661 EP 1671 DI 10.1089/ees.2009.0153 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514KD UT WOS:000271392200011 ER PT J AU Guyton, KZ Chiu, WA Bateson, TF Jinot, J Scott, CS Brown, RC Caldwell, JC AF Guyton, Kathryn Z. Chiu, Weihsueh A. Bateson, Thomas F. Jinot, Jennifer Scott, Cheryl Siegel Brown, Rebecca C. Caldwell, Jane C. TI A Reexamination of the PPAR-alpha Activation Mode of Action as a Basis for Assessing Human Cancer Risks of Environmental Contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE carcinogenesis; mode of action; peroxisome proliferators; risk assessment ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; MORTALITY FOLLOW-UP; CULTURED RAT HEPATOCYTES; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOWER SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; HEPATIC PEROXISOME; DNA-SYNTHESIS AB BACKGROUND: Diverse environmental contaminants, including the plasticizerdi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are hepatocarcinogenic peroxisome proliferators in rodents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) activation and its sequelae have been proposed to constitute a mode of action (MOA) for hepatocarcinogenesis by such agents as a sole causative factor. Further, based on a hypothesized lower sensitivity of humans to this MOA, prior reviews have concluded that rodent hepatocarcinogenesis by PPAR-alpha agonists is irrelevant to human carcinogenic risk. DATA SYNTHESIS: Herein, we review recent studies that experimentally challenge the PPAR-alpha activation MOA hypothesis, providing evidence that DEHP is hepatocarcinogenic in PPAR-alpha-null mice and that the MOA but not hepatocarcinogenesis is evoked by PPAR-alpha activation in a transgenic mouse model. We further examine whether relative potency for PPAR-alpha, activation or other steps in the MOA correlates with tumorigenic potency. In addition, for most PPAR-alpha agonists of environmental concern, available data are insufficient to characterize relative human sensitivity to this rodent MOA or to induction of hepatocarcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our review and analyses raise questions about the hypothesized PPAR-alpha activation MOA as a sole explanation for rodent hepatocarcinogenesis by PPAR-alpha agonists and therefore its utility as a primary basis for assessing human carcinogenic risk from the diverse compounds that activate PPAR-alpha. These findings have broad implications for how MOA hypotheses are developed, tested, and applied in human health risk assessment. We discuss alternatives to the current approaches to these key aspects of mechanistic data evaluation. C1 [Guyton, Kathryn Z.; Chiu, Weihsueh A.; Bateson, Thomas F.; Jinot, Jennifer; Scott, Cheryl Siegel; Brown, Rebecca C.; Caldwell, Jane C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Guyton, KZ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM guyton.kate@epa.gov NR 111 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 117 IS 11 BP 1664 EP 1672 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900758 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514MQ UT WOS:000271399300020 PM 20049115 ER PT J AU English, PB Sinclair, AH Ross, Z Anderson, H Boothe, V Davis, C Ebi, K Kagey, B Malecki, K Shultz, R Simms, E AF English, Paul B. Sinclair, Amber H. Ross, Zev Anderson, Henry Boothe, Vicki Davis, Christine Ebi, Kristie Kagey, Betsy Malecki, Kristen Shultz, Rebecca Simms, Erin TI Environmental Health Indicators of Climate Change for the United States: Findings from the State Environmental Health Indicator Collaborative SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE adaptation; air quality; climate change; environmental health; heat; indicators; vulnerability ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; HEAT-WAVE; NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; POLLEN PRODUCTION; WESTERN US AB OBJECTIVE: To develop public health adaptation strategies and to project the impacts of climate change on human health, indicators of vulnerability and preparedness along with accurate surveillance data on climate-sensitive health outcomes are needed. We researched and developed environmental health indicators for inputs into human health vulnerability assessments for climate change and to propose public health preventative actions. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify outcomes and actions that were related to climate change. Data sources included governmental and nongovernmental agencies and the published literature. DATA EXTRACTION: Sources were identified and assessed for completeness, usability, and accuracy. Priority was then given to identifying longitudinal data sets that were applicable at the state and community level. DATA SYNTHESIS: We present a list of surveillance indicators for practitioners and policy makers that include climate-sensitive health outcomes and environmental and vulnerability indicators, as well as mitigation, adaptation, and policy indicators of climate change. CONCLUSIONS: A review of environmental health indicators for climate change shows that data exist for many of these measures, but more evaluation of their sensitivity and usefulness is needed. Further attention is necessary to increase data quality and availability and to develop new surveillance databases, especially for climate-sensitive morbidity. C1 [English, Paul B.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Sinclair, Amber H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Publ Adm & Policy, Augusta, GA USA. [Ross, Zev] Zev Ross Spatial Anal, Ithaca, NY USA. [Anderson, Henry; Malecki, Kristen] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Boothe, Vicki] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davis, Christine] US EPA, Climate Int & Multimedia Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ebi, Kristie] LLC, ESS, Alexandria, VA USA. [Kagey, Betsy] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shultz, Rebecca] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Simms, Erin] Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA USA. RP English, PB (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,3rd Fl, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM penglish@dhs.ca.gov FU Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists in Atlanta, Georgia; National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We and the State Environmental Health Indicator Collaborative gratefully acknowledge the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists in Atlanta, Georgia, and the National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for supporting this work. J. Braggio and A. Houghton made helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 117 IS 11 BP 1673 EP 1681 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900708 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514MQ UT WOS:000271399300021 PM 20049116 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Tong, HY McGee, JK Baldauf, RW Krantz, QT Gilmour, MI AF Cho, Seung-Hyun Tong, Haiyan McGee, John K. Baldauf, Richard W. Krantz, Q. Todd Gilmour, M. Ian TI Comparative Toxicity of Size-Fractionated Airborne Particulate Matter Collected at Different Distances from an Urban Highway SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cardiopulmonary; chemical composition; inflammation; ischemia-reperfusion injury; mice; motor vehicle emissions; near road; particulate matter; size fraction ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VIVO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; SUBCHRONIC INHALATION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CARDIAC CHANGES; MOUSE LUNG; EXPOSURE; MICE AB BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between proximity to highway traffic and increased cardiopulmonary illnesses. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of size-fractionated particulate matter (PM), obtained at different distances from a highway, on acute cardiopulmonary toxicity in mice. METHODS: We collected PM for 2 weeks in July-August 2006 using a three-stage (ultrafine, < 0.1 mu m; fine, 0.1-2.5 mu m; coarse, 2.5-10 mu m) high-volume impactor at distances of 20 m [near road (NR)] and 275 m [far road (FR)] from an interstate highway in Raleigh, North Carolina. Samples were extracted in methanol, dried, diluted in saline, and then analyzed for chemical constituents. Female CD-1 mice received either 25 or 100 mu g of each size fraction via oropharyngeal aspiration. At 4 and 18 hr postexposure, mice were assessed for pulmonary responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, biomarkers of lung injury and inflammation; ex vivo cardiac pathophysiology was assessed at 18 hr only. RESULTS: Overall chemical composition between NR and FR PM was similar, although NR samples comprised larger amounts of PM, endotoxin, and certain metals than did the FR samples. Each PM size fraction showed differences in ratios of major chemical classes. Both NR and FR coarse PM produced significant pulmonary inflammation irrespective of distance, whereas both NR and FR ultrafine PM induced cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: On a comparative mass basis, the coarse and ultrafine PM affected the lung and heart, respectively. We observed no significant differences in the overall toxicity end points and chemical makeup between the NR and FR PM. The results suggest that PM of different size-specific chemistry might be associated with different toxicologic mechanisms in cardiac and pulmonary tissues. C1 [Cho, Seung-Hyun; Tong, Haiyan; McGee, John K.; Krantz, Q. Todd; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cho, Seung-Hyun] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop B143-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX S.-H.C. received fellowship support from the Research Participation Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 58 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 117 IS 11 BP 1682 EP 1689 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900730 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514MQ UT WOS:000271399300022 PM 20049117 ER PT J AU Jardim, MJ Fry, RC Jaspers, I Dailey, L Diaz-Sanchez, D AF Jardim, Melanie J. Fry, Rebecca C. Jaspers, Ilona Dailey, Lisa Diaz-Sanchez, David TI Disruption of MicroRNA Expression in Human Airway Cells by Diesel Exhaust Particles Is Linked to Tumorigenesis-Associated Pathways SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air-liquid interface; DEP; diesel; gene regulation; human bronchial epithelial cells; microRNA; tumorigenesis ID RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG-CANCER; IN-VIVO; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIFFERENTIATION; SIGNATURE; POLLUTION; HEALTH; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION AB BACKGROUND: Particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse airway health effects; however, the underlying mechanism in disease initiation is still largely unknown. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs; small noncoding RNAs) have been suggested to be important in maintaining the lung in a disease-free state through regulation of gene expression. Although many studies have shown aberrant miRNA expression patterns in diseased versus healthy tissue, little is known regarding whether environmental agents can induce such changes. OBJECTIVES: We used diesel exhaust particles (DEP), the largest source of emitted airborne PM, to investigate pollutant-induced changes in miRNA expression in airway epithelial cells. We hypothesized that DEP exposure can lead to disruption of normal miRNA expression patterns, representing a plausible novel mechanism through which DEP can mediate disease initiation. METHODS: Human bronchial epithelial cells were grown at air-liquid interface until they reached mucociliary differentiation. After treating the cells with 10 mu g/cm(2) DEP for 24 hr, we analyzed total RNA for miRNA expression using microarray profile analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: DEP exposure changed the miRNA expression profile in human airway epithelial cells. Specifically, 197 of 313 detectable miRNAs (62.9%) were either up-regulated or down-regulated by 1.5-fold. Molecular network analysis of putative targets of the 12 most altered miRNAs indicated that DEP exposure is associated with inflammatory responses pathways and a strong tumorigenic disease signature. CONCLUSIONS: Alteration of miRNA expression profiles by environmental pollutants such as DEP can modify cellular processes by regulation of gene expression, which may lead to disease pathogenesis. C1 [Jardim, Melanie J.; Dailey, Lisa; Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fry, Rebecca C.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Jardim, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM jardim.melanie@epa.gov NR 62 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 32 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 117 IS 11 BP 1745 EP 1751 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900756 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514MQ UT WOS:000271399300032 PM 20049127 ER PT J AU Tsuchiya, A Hinners, TA Krogstad, F White, JW Burbacher, TM Faustman, EM Marien, K AF Tsuchiya, Ami Hinners, Thomas A. Krogstad, Finn White, Jim W. Burbacher, Thomas M. Faustman, Elaine M. Marien, Koenraad TI Longitudinal Mercury Monitoring within the Japanese and Korean Communities (United States): Implications for Exposure Determination and Public Health Protection SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE consumption; exposure; fish; fish advisories; hair; mercury; longitudinal; reference dose; temporal ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; MATERNAL SEAFOOD DIET; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; MINAMATA DISEASE; HAIR; ASSOCIATION; IMPACT AB BACKGROUND: Estimates of exposure to toxicants are predominantly obtained from single time-point data. Fish consumption guidance based on these data may be incomplete, as recommendations are unlikely to consider impact from factors such as intraindividual variability, seasonal differences in consumption behavior, and species consumed. OBJECTIVES/METHODS: We studied populations of Korean (n = 108) and Japanese (n = 106) women living in the Puget Sound area in Washington State to estimate mercury exposure based on fish intake and hair Hg levels at two and three time points, respectively. Our goals were to examine changes in hair Hg levels, fish intake behavior, and Hg body burden over time; and to determine if data from multiple time points could improve guidance. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: More than 50 fish species were consumed, with eight species representing approximately three-fourths of fish consumed by the Japanese and 10 species representing approximately four-fifths of fish intake by the Koreans. Fish species responsible for most Hg intake did not change over time; < 10 species accounted for most of the Hg body burden in each population. Longitudinal variability of hair Hg levels changed slowly across the study period. Japanese with hair Hg levels > 1.2 ppm (mean, 2.2 ppm) consumed approximately 150% more fish than those with levels <= 1.2 ppm (mean, 0.7 ppm). However, because many participants consumed substantial amounts of fish while having hair-Hg levels 5 1.2 ppm, the nutritional benefits offered from fish consumption should be obtainable without exceeding the RfD. We observed a 100% difference in fish intake between open-ended and 2-week recall fish consumption surveys. Open-ended survey data better represent Hg intake as determined from hair Hg levels. Single time-point fish intake data appear to be adequate for deriving guidance, but caution is warranted, as study is required to determine the significance of the different outcomes observed using the two survey time frames. C1 [Tsuchiya, Ami; Krogstad, Finn; Burbacher, Thomas M.; Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tsuchiya, Ami; Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Inst Risk Anal & Risk Commun, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hinners, Thomas A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [White, Jim W.; Marien, Koenraad] Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. RP Marien, K (reprint author), Off Environm Hlth Assessments, Dept Hlth, POB 47846, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM koenraad@doh.wa.gov OI Faustman, Elaine/0000-0002-3085-6403 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Ocean Sciences [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P50 ES012762]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0434087]; Washington State Department of Health FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Region 10 [Clean Water Act, 104 (b)(3): 66-463]; Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Ocean Sciences [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P50 ES012762, and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE-0434087]; and the Washington State Department of Health. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 117 IS 11 BP 1760 EP 1766 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900801 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514MQ UT WOS:000271399300034 PM 20049129 ER PT J AU Chung, KC Stock, TH Smith, LA Afshar, M Liao, XJL Stallings, C AF Chung, Kuenja C. Stock, Thomas H. Smith, Luther A. Afshar, Masoud Liao, Xiaojuan L. Stallings, Casson TI Post-Hurricane Katrina passive sampling of ambient volatile organic compounds in the greater New Orleans area SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Katrina; Passive samplers; Ambient air quality; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Method evaluation; Temporal and spatial analyses ID DAMAGED HOMES; AIR SAMPLERS; MONITORS; TEXAS AB On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, a major metroplex with petroleum industries. In response to the potential impact of the storm on air quality and to assess the exposures to toxic air pollutants of public health concern, the United States Environmental Protection Agency conducted passive monitoring of air toxics for three months, starting in late October 2005 through early February 2006, at up to 18 sites in the New Orleans area affected by Hurricane Katrina. The overall results of the passive ambient monitoring are summarized with the concentrations for the twenty-nine observed volatile organic chemicals, which include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, and the measured concentrations are compared with available health-based screening levels. The results of passive monitoring are also compared with those of the collocated canister sampling at one of the sites. The overall results showed that the outdoor levels of atmospheric volatile organic chemcals in the post-Katrina New Orleans area were very low and far below the available screening levels. The results also confirm the effectiveness of passive monitoring in a large geographical area where conventional methods are not feasible, electrical power is not available, and the need for sampling is urgent, as in the aftermath of natural disasters and other catastrophes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chung, Kuenja C.] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Stock, Thomas H.; Afshar, Masoud] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. [Smith, Luther A.; Liao, Xiaojuan L.; Stallings, Casson] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chung, KC (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 6,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. EM Chung.Kuenja@epa.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 109 IS 8 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513BL UT WOS:000271296900001 PM 19733844 ER PT J AU Delinsky, AD Strynar, MJ Nakayama, SF Varns, JL Ye, XB McCann, PJ Lindstrom, AB AF Delinsky, Amy D. Strynar, Mark J. Nakayama, Shoji F. Varns, Jerry L. Ye, XiBiao McCann, Patricia J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. TI Determination of ten perfluorinated compounds in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) fillets SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LC/MS/MS; PFOS; PFOA; Fish; SPE; Perfluorinated compounds ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONIC-ACID; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; WATER; FISH; CHAIN; USA; SURFACTANTS AB A rigorous solid phase extraction/liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in fish fillets is described and applied to fillets of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) collected from selected areas of Minnesota and North Carolina. The 4 PFC analytes routinely detected in bluegill fillets were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (C10), perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11), and perflurododecanoic acid (C12). Measures of method accuracy and precision for these compounds showed that calculated concentrations of PFCs in spiked samples differed by less than 20% from their theoretical values and that the %RSD for repeated measurements was less than 20%. Minnesota samples were collected from areas of the Mississippi River near historical PFC sources, from the St. Croix River as a background site, and from Lake Calhoun, which has no documented PFC sources. PFOS was the most prevalent PFC found in the Minnesota samples, with median concentrations of 47.0-102 ng/g at locations along the Mississippi River, 2.08 ng/g in the St. Croix River, and 275 ng/g in Lake Calhoun. North Carolina samples were collected from two rivers with no known historical PFC sources. PFOS was the predominant analyte in fish taken from the Haw and Deep Rivers, with median concentrations of 30.3 and 62.2 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of C10, C11, and C12 in NC samples were among the highest reported in the literature, with respective median values of 9.08, 23.9, and 6.60 ng/g in fish from the Haw River and 2.90, 9.15, and 3.46 ng/g in fish from the Deep River. These results suggest that PFC contamination in freshwater fish may not be limited to areas with known historical PFC inputs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Delinsky, Amy D.; Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nakayama, Shoji F.] US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Varns, Jerry L.] NCBA Inc, SEE Program, Durham, NC USA. [Ye, XiBiao] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McCann, Patricia J.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); US Department of Energy; US Environmental Protection Agency; Oasis WAX SPE cartridges [392-06] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency. We also acknowledge Waters Corporation for the donation of Oasis WAX SPE cartridges (Cooperative Research and Development Agreement # 392-06). The authors thank Scott Van Horn and Corey Oakley from the North Carolina Fish and Wildlife Commission and individuals at the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance in obtaining samples. We also thank Larry Helfant, Sissy Petropoulou, and Jessica Reiner for their assistance and technical expertise. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 109 IS 8 BP 975 EP 984 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513BL UT WOS:000271296900005 PM 19775685 ER PT J AU Newbold, SC Daigneault, A AF Newbold, Stephen C. Daigneault, Adam TI Climate Response Uncertainty and the Benefits of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Uncertainty; Catastrophe ID SENSITIVITY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; FUTURE; SYSTEM; POLICY; RISK AB Some recent research suggests that uncertainty about the response of the climate system to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations can have a disproportionately large influence on benefits estimates for climate change policies, potentially even dominating the effect of the discount rate. In this paper we conduct a series of numerical simulation experiments to investigate the quantitative significance of climate response uncertainty for economic assessments of climate change. First we characterize climate uncertainty by constructing two probability density functions-a Bayesian model-averaged and a Bayesian updated version-based on a combination of uncertainty ranges for climate sensitivity reported in the scientific literature. Next we estimate the willingness to pay of a representative agent for a range of emissions reduction policies using two simplified economic models. Our results illustrate the potential for large risk premiums in benefits estimates as suggested by the recent theoretical work on climate response uncertainty, and they show that the size and even the sign of the risk premium may depend crucially on how the posterior distribution describing the overall climate sensitivity uncertainty is constructed and on the specific shape of the damage function. C1 [Newbold, Stephen C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Daigneault, Adam] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Daigneault, Adam] Climate Change Div, US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, EPA W Bldg,Suite 4316T,1301 Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov; daigneault.adam@epa.gov NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 EI 1573-1502 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 351 EP 377 DI 10.1007/s10640-009-9290-8 PG 27 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515CY UT WOS:000271445400004 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Lal, R Follett, RF Kimble, JM Hatfield, JL Miranowski, JM Cambardella, CA Manale, A Anex, RP Rice, CW AF Karlen, Douglas L. Lal, Rattan Follett, Ronald F. Kimble, John M. Hatfield, Jerry L. Miranowski, John M. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Manale, Andrew Anex, Robert P. Rice, Charles W. TI Crop Residues: The Rest of the Story SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORN STOVER; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; CARBON DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL-EROSION; ETHANOL; SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION; FEEDSTOCKS C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Kimble, John M.] Innovat Soil Solut, Addison, NY USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, NSTL, Ames, IA USA. [Miranowski, John M.; Anex, Robert P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Manale, Andrew] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rice, Charles W.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Doug.Karlen@ars.usda.gov RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 8011 EP 8015 DI 10.1021/es9011004 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510QT UT WOS:000271106300009 PM 19924915 ER PT J AU Jayaraman, S Nacci, DE Champlin, DM Pruell, RJ Rocha, KJ Custer, CM Custer, TW Cantwellt, M AF Jayaraman, Saro Nacci, Diane E. Champlin, Denise M. Pruell, Richard J. Rocha, Kenneth J. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Cantwellt, Mark TI PCBs and DDE in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Eggs and Nestlings from an Estuarine PCB Superfund Site, New Bedford Harbor, MA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; RIVER; MASSACHUSETTS; SEDIMENTS; BAY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ACCUMULATION; WISCONSIN; EXPOSURE AB While breeding tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) have been used as biomonitors for freshwater sites, we report the first use of this species to assess contaminant bioaccumulation from estuarine breeding grounds into these aerial insectivores. Eggs and nestlings were collected from nest boxes in a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated estuary, the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site (NBH, Massachusetts, USA),and a reference salt marsh, Fox Hill (FH, Jamestown, Rhode Island, USA). Sediments, eggs, and nestlings were compared on a ng g(-1) wet weight basis for total PCBs and DDE (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene), metabolite of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane), NBH samples contained high concentrations of PCBs compared to FH for sediment (36,500 and 0.2), eggs (11,200 and 323), and nestlings (16,800 and 26). PCB homologue patterns linked tree swallow contamination to NBH sediment NBH samples were also contaminated with DDE compared to FH for sediment (207 and 0.9) and nestlings (235 and 30) but not for eggs (526 and 488), suggesting both NBH and nonbreeding ground sources for DDE. The relationships between sediment and tree swallow egg and nestling PCBs were similar to those reported for freshwater sites. Like some highly contaminated freshwater sites, NBH PCB bioaccumulation had little apparent effect on reproductive success. C1 [Jayaraman, Saro; Nacci, Diane E.; Champlin, Denise M.; Pruell, Richard J.; Rocha, Kenneth J.; Cantwellt, Mark] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Jayaraman, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. EM jayaraman.saro@epa.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Dr. B. Gray, Dr. J. Franz, and Dr. J. Brenardy for their technical reviews of the manuscript and Mr. J. LiVolsi, Dr. J. Heltshe, Ms. R. Johnson, Ms. P. DeCastro, and Mr. D. McGovern for help with quality assurance, statistical review, and graphics. The contribution number for this manuscript is AED-08-042. Although the research presented in this paper has been wholly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to agency level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 8387 EP 8392 DI 10.1021/es900255v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510QT UT WOS:000271106300068 PM 19924974 ER PT J AU Nde, CW Jang, HJ Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Nde, Chantal W. Jang, Hyeung-Jin Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Global Transcriptomic Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Chlorhexidine Diacetate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE PROTEIN OPRH; MEXC-MEXD-OPRJ; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; TWITCHING MOTILITY; RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; DISINFECTANTS; INVOLVEMENT; ANTISEPTICS AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa is implicated in nosocomial infections and chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Chlorhexidine diacetate(CHX) is a biguanide disinfectant used for bacterial control in the hospital and agricultural and domestic environments. Abetter understanding of the mechanism of action of CHX and the resulting response elicited by P. aeruginosa to CHX will facilitate its effective utilization for P. aeruginosa control in these environments. This study presents, for the first time, the transcriptomic response of A aeruginosa to 0.008 mM CHX after 10 and 60 min. Our results reveal that after both treatment times, membrane transport oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport genes were downregulated. After 10 min, DNA repair was downregulated and the oprH gene that blocks the self-promoted uptake of antimicrobials was upregulated. After 60 min, outer membrane protein, flagellum, pilus, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport genes were downregulated, The mexC and mexD genes of the MexCD-OprJ multidrug efflux pump were significantly upregulated after both treatment times. The results of this study improve our understanding of the mode of action of CHX on P. aeruginosa and provide insights into the mechanism of action of other biguanide disinfectants which can be used for the development of more efficient disinfectants. C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Nde, Chantal W.; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jang, Hyeung-Jin] Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Oriental Med, Seoul, South Korea. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM nde.chantal@epa.gov; hjjang@khu.ac.kr; toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov; bentley@eng.umd.edu RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [T-83284001-3] FX This research is supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Grant Number T-83284001-3. Although the research described in this paper has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and, therefore, may not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA; nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of recommendation of use. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 8406 EP 8415 DI 10.1021/es9015475 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510QT UT WOS:000271106300071 PM 19924977 ER PT J AU Yu, WG Liu, W Jin, YH Liu, XH Wang, FQ Liu, L Nakayama, SF AF Yu, Wen-Guang Liu, Wei Jin, Yi-He Liu, Xiao-Hui Wang, Fa-Qi Liu, Li Nakayama, Shoji F. TI Prenatal and Postnatal Impact of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Rat Development: A Cross-Foster Study on Chemical Burden and Thyroid Hormone System SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORD BLOOD-SAMPLES; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING PROTEIN; PREGNANCY; SERUM AB Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an environmentally persistent organic pollutant has been reported to be transferred to the developing organisms via both placenta and breast milk. A cross-foster model was used to determine whether prenatal or postnatal exposure to PFOS alone can disturb the TH homeostasis in rat pups, and if so, which kind of exposure is a major cause of TH level alteration. Pregnant rats were fed standard laboratory rodent diet containing 0 (control) or 3.2 mg PFOS/kg throughout gestation and lactation period. On the day of birth, litters born to treated and control dams were cross-fostered, resulting in the following groups: unexposed control (CC), pups exposed only prenatally (TC), only postnatally (CT) or both prenatally and postnatally (7). Serum and liver PFOS concentrations, serum total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine M), reverse T3 (M) levels, and hepatic expression of genes involved in TH transport, metabolism, and receptors were evaluated in pups at the age of postnatal days (PNDs) 0, 7, 14, 21, or 35. PFOS body burden level in pups in group CT increased, while those in group TC dropped as they aged. Neither total T3 nor rT3 in pups was affected by PFOS exposure. Gestational exposure to PFOS alone (TC) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased T4 level in pups on PNDs 21 and 35, 20.3 and 19.4% lower than the control on the same PND, respectively. Postnatal exposure to PFOS alone (CT) also induced T4 depression on PNDs 21 and 35, 28.6 and 35.9% lower than controls, respectively. No significant difference in T4 level (p > 0.05) was observed between TC and CT on these two time points. None of the selected TH related transcripts was affected by PFOS in pups on PND 0. Only transcript level of transthyretin, TH binding protein, in group TT significantly increased to 150% of the control on PND 21. The results showed that prenatal PFOS exposure and postnatal PFOS exposure induced hypothyroxinemia in rat pups to a similar extent which suggested that in utero PFOS exposure and postnatal PFOS accumulation, especially though maternal milk, are matters of great concern. C1 [Yu, Wen-Guang; Liu, Wei; Jin, Yi-He; Liu, Xiao-Hui; Wang, Fa-Qi] Dalian Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ind Ecol & Environm Engn, Sch Environm & Biol Sci & Technol, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Wang, Fa-Qi; Liu, Li] China Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hygien Toxicol, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Nakayama, Shoji F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Jin, YH (reprint author), Dalian Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ind Ecol & Environm Engn, Sch Environm & Biol Sci & Technol, Linggong Rd 2, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. EM jinyihe@dlut.edu.cn RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008; Liu, Wei/P-5804-2014 OI Liu, Wei/0000-0001-8920-1172 FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [20837004, 20877016]; Liaoning Provincial Education Department [2008S058] FX This work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20837004 and 20877016) and Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (No. 2008S058). NR 40 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 8416 EP 8422 DI 10.1021/es901602d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510QT UT WOS:000271106300072 PM 19924978 ER PT J AU Cripe, GM Hemmer, BL Goodman, LR Fournie, JW Raimondo, S Vennari, JC Danner, RL Smith, K Manfredonia, BR Kulaw, DH Hemmer, MJ AF Cripe, Geraldine M. Hemmer, Becky L. Goodman, Larry R. Fournie, John W. Raimondo, Sandy Vennari, Joann C. Danner, Rodney L. Smith, Kent Manfredonia, Blaze R. Kulaw, Dannielle H. Hemmer, Michael J. TI MULTIGENERATIONAL EXPOSURE OF THE ESTUARINE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW (CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS) TO 17 beta-ESTRADIOL. I. ORGANISM-LEVEL EFFECTS OVER THREE GENERATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-Estradiol; Sheepshead minnow; Reproduction; Development; Multiple generation ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; LIFE-CYCLE TOXICITY; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; ESTRADIOL AB A 280-d study examined the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on reproduction and development of the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed from the parental (F0) through three subsequent (F1, F2, and F3) generations and evaluated the need for multigenerational assessments of the risks of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This first three-generation study exposed adult F0 and F1 fish to measured concentrations of 0.01, 0.04, 0.08, 0.2, and 0.3 mu g E2/L; the F2 and F3 generations were exposed to 0.2 mu g E2/ L or less. The cumulative 21-d production of normal embryos was significantly reduced in the F0 generation at 0.3 mu g E2/L and in the F1 and F2 generations at 0.08 mu g E2/L or more. The daily reproductive rate was significantly reduced in all three generations at 0.08 mu g E2/L or more during spawning days 8 to 14 and 15 to 21. The proportion of infertile eggs from F1 fish was significantly increased above that of the solvent controls at 0.04 and 0.2 mu g E2/L and from F2 fish at 0.04 mu g E2/L or more. Changes in liver, kidney, and gonadal tissues were seen in the F0 and F1 generations exposed to 0.2 mu g E2/L or more. The female gonadosomatic index was significantly decreased at 0.3 mu g E2/L in the F0 and F1 generations. Estradiol affected the hepatosomatic index only in female F1 fish, but not in a dose-dependent manner. All F1 fish in 0.3 mu g E2/L appeared to be phenotypically female. Our results indicate that life-cycle exposure to E2 significantly decreased embryo production by F1 and F2 fish at concentrations lower than those affecting the F0 generation, and they emphasize the importance of evaluating the impact of an estrogenic chemical on reproduction through a minimum of two (F0 and F1) generations. C1 [Cripe, Geraldine M.; Hemmer, Becky L.; Goodman, Larry R.; Fournie, John W.; Raimondo, Sandy; Hemmer, Michael J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Vennari, Joann C.; Danner, Rodney L.; Smith, Kent; Manfredonia, Blaze R.] Senior Serv Amer, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kulaw, Dannielle H.] Student Serv Contractor, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2397 EP 2408 DI 10.1897/08-542.S1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 507IV UT WOS:000270846900019 PM 19839653 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Hemmer, BL Goodman, LR Cripe, GM AF Raimondo, Sandy Hemmer, Becky L. Goodman, Larry R. Cripe, Geraldine M. TI MULTIGENERATIONAL EXPOSURE OF THE ESTUARINE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW (CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS) TO 17 beta-ESTRADIOL. II. POPULATION-LEVEL EFFECTS THROUGH TWO LIFE CYCLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Population modeling; Endocrine-disrupting compounds; Multigeneration effects; Risk assessment ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; REPRODUCTION; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; LACEPEDE; WILDLIFE; IMPACTS AB The evaluation of multigeneration, population-level impacts is particularly important in the risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting compounds, because adverse effects may not be evident during the first generation of exposure. Population models were developed for the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed to 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) for two complete generations (F1 and F2) to determine population-level effects of multigenerational exposure to a model estrogen. Stage-structured matrix models were used to determine interactions between treatment and the number of generations exposed. Reproduction was significantly reduced in both the 0.08 and 0.2 mu g E(2)/L treatments in both generations, and embryo and larval stages experienced reduced survival at 0.2 mu g/L in the second generation only. However, increased female to male sex ratio in these treatments compensated for the loss in reproductive output, and significant population-level effects only occurred in the 0.2 mu g E(2)/L treatment of the F2 population. The F2 population in the 0.2 mu g E(2)/L treatment also had an altered, stable stage distribution relative to the control population of both generations and the F1 population in the 0.2 mu g E(2)/L treatment, resulting in additional population-level effects. These results demonstrate that continued exposure to E(2) had compounding effects on sheepshead minnow populations and that long-term exposures may be necessary to understand the risk that exposures to environmental estrogens pose to native populations. Although population-level effects did not occur in the F1 generation, a risk decision based on F1 organism-level effects would be protective of the population exposed for two generations. C1 [Raimondo, Sandy; Hemmer, Becky L.; Goodman, Larry R.; Cripe, Geraldine M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2409 EP 2415 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 507IV UT WOS:000270846900020 PM 19586131 ER PT J AU Bateson, T Kopylev, L Sullivan, P Cooper, G Vinukoor, L De Voney, D AF Bateson, Thomas Kopylev, Leonid Sullivan, Patricia Cooper, Glinda Vinukoor, Lisa De Voney, Danielle TI Evaluation of Alternative Exposure Metrics for Assessing Mortality Risk from Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma among an Occupational Cohort Exposed to Amphibole Asbestos from Vermiculite Mining Operations in Libby, Montana SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Kopylev, Leonid; Cooper, Glinda; De Voney, Danielle] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sullivan, Patricia] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. [Vinukoor, Lisa] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S78 EP S79 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100205 ER PT J AU Dilworth, C O'Fallon, L Gray, K AF Dilworth, Caroline O'Fallon, Liam Gray, Kimberly TI Community Engagement Benefits Environmental Health Research SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Dilworth, Caroline; O'Fallon, Liam; Gray, Kimberly] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S45 EP S46 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100103 ER PT J AU Fann, N Wesson, K AF Fann, Neal Wesson, Karen TI Estimating Local Health Impacts Using Fine-Scale Air Quality Estimates and Baseline Incidence Rates SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Fann, Neal; Wesson, Karen] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100075 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Hales, S Portier, CJ Woodward, A Campbell-Lendrum, D Pruss-Ustun, A AF Gohlke, Julia M. Hales, Simon Portier, Christopher J. Woodward, Alistair Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid Pruess-Ustun, Annette TI Building a Framework to Identify Global Health Impacts of Power Generation Systems SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Gohlke, Julia M.; Portier, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hales, Simon; Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid; Pruess-Ustun, Annette] WHO, Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Woodward, Alistair] Univ Auckland, Sch Populat Hlth, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S263 EP S263 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874101463 ER PT J AU Hansen, C Luben, T Sacks, J Olshan, A Jeffay, S Strader, L Perreault, SD AF Hansen, Craig Luben, Tom Sacks, Jason Olshan, Andrew Jeffay, Susan Strader, Lillian Perreault, Sally Darney TI The Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Sperm Quality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Hansen, Craig; Luben, Tom] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessments, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Olshan, Andrew] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jeffay, Susan; Strader, Lillian; Perreault, Sally Darney] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Hansen, Craig /C-7543-2014 OI Hansen, Craig /0000-0002-5227-0155 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100325 ER PT J AU Hilborn, E Ghio, A AF Hilborn, Elizabeth Ghio, Andrew TI Environmental Mycobacteriosis and Drinking Water: An Emerging Problem for Developed Countries SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Hilborn, Elizabeth; Ghio, Andrew] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S145 EP S145 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874101079 ER PT J AU Horton, BJ Luben, T Savitz, DA Herring, A AF Horton, Bethany J. Luben, Tom Savitz, David A. Herring, Amy TI The Effect of Water Disinfection By-Products on Fetal Growth in Two Southeastern US Communities SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Horton, Bethany J.; Herring, Amy] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Luben, Tom] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessments, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Savitz, David A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Preventat Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100047 ER PT J AU Kupper, U Breitner, S Schnelle-Kreis, J Cyrys, J Lanki, T Ruckerl, R Schneider, A Bruske-Hohlfeld, I Devlin, R Wichmann, E Zimmermann, R Peters, A AF Kupper, Ute Breitner, Susanne Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen Cyrys, Josef Lanki, Timo Ruckerl, Regina Schneider, Alexandra Bruske-Hohlfeld, Irene Devlin, Robert Wichmann, Erich Zimmermann, Ralf Peters, Annette TI Pm-2.5-Bound Organic Compounds and Cardiovascular Symptoms in Myocardial Infarction Survivors SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Kupper, Ute; Breitner, Susanne; Cyrys, Josef; Ruckerl, Regina; Schneider, Alexandra; Bruske-Hohlfeld, Irene; Wichmann, Erich; Peters, Annette] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [Kupper, Ute; Wichmann, Erich] Univ Munich, Inst Med Data Management Biometr & Epidemiol, Munich, Germany. [Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen; Zimmermann, Ralf] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Ecol Chem, Neuherberg, Germany. [Cyrys, Josef] Univ Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. [Lanki, Timo] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL, Environm Epidemiol Unit, Kuopio, Finland. [Devlin, Robert] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zimmermann, Ralf] Univ Rostock, Chair Analyt Chem, Ctr Analyt Mass Spectrometry, Rostock, Germany. [Peters, Annette] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Focus Network Nanoparticles & Hlth NanoHlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RI Bruske, Irene/N-3125-2013; Cyrys, Josef/B-5359-2014; Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014; Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen/M-9845-2014 OI Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen/0000-0003-4846-2303 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100058 ER PT J AU Lobdell, D Ozkaynak, H Isakov, V Touma, J Burke, J Smuts, M AF Lobdell, Danelle Ozkaynak, Haluk Isakov, Vlad Touma, Joe Burke, Janet Smuts, Marybeth TI A Feasibility Study on Assessing Public Health Impacts of Cumulative Air Pollution Reduction Activities in a Small Geographic Area SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Lobdell, Danelle; Ozkaynak, Haluk; Isakov, Vlad; Touma, Joe; Burke, Janet] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smuts, Marybeth] US EPA, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S115 EP S116 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100324 ER PT J AU Murphy, P Lobdell, D AF Murphy, Patricia Lobdell, Danelle TI US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 2008 Report on the Environment (ROE): Identified Gaps and Future Challenges for Human Exposure and Health Indicators SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Murphy, Patricia] US EPA, Edison, NJ USA. [Lobdell, Danelle] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100244 ER PT J AU Neas, L AF Neas, Lucas TI Asthma Phenotypes Modify the Impact of Environmental Factors on Children's Lung Function SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Neas, Lucas] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S70 EP S70 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100179 ER PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Sarnat, S Sarnat, J Sheppard, L Turpin, B AF Ozkaynak, Haluk Sarnat, Stefanie Sarnat, Jeremy Sheppard, Lianne Turpin, Barbara TI Overview of USEPA/NERL Cooperative Agreement Research Program on Air Pollution Exposure and Health SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sarnat, Stefanie; Sarnat, Jeremy] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sheppard, Lianne] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Turpin, Barbara] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S130 EP S130 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874101031 ER PT J AU Pronk, A Nuckols, JR De Roos, AJ Airola, M Colt, JS Cerhan, JR Severson, R Blair, A Cleverly, D Ward, MH AF Pronk, Anjoeka Nuckols, John R. De Roos, Anneclaire J. Airola, Matthew Colt, Joanne S. Cerhan, James R. Severson, Richard Blair, Aaron Cleverly, David Ward, Mary H. TI Environmental Exposure to Dioxins from Living Near Industrial Combustion Sources and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Pronk, Anjoeka; Nuckols, John R.; Airola, Matthew; Colt, Joanne S.; Blair, Aaron; Ward, Mary H.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nuckols, John R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Airola, Matthew] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Cerhan, James R.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Cerhan, James R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Severson, Richard] Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med, Detroit, MI USA. [Severson, Richard] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. [Cleverly, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S62 EP S63 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100155 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Barraza-Villarreal, A Escamilla-Nunez, C Hernandez-Cadena, L Li, HL Diaz-Sanchez, D Moreno-Macia, H London, S AF Romieu, Isabelle Barraza-Villarreal, Albino Escamilla-Nunez, Consuelo Hernandez-Cadena, Leticia Li Huiling Diaz-Sanchez, David Moreno-Macia, Hortensia London, Stephanie TI pH in Exhaled Breath and Ozone Exposure: Interaction with GSTM1 and GSTP1 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Romieu, Isabelle; Barraza-Villarreal, Albino; Escamilla-Nunez, Consuelo; Hernandez-Cadena, Leticia; Moreno-Macia, Hortensia] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Li Huiling; London, Stephanie] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S63 EP S63 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100156 ER PT J AU Schneider, A Neas, L Herbst, M Case, M Cascio, W Hinderliter, A Peters, A Devlin, R AF Schneider, Alexandra Neas, Lucas Herbst, Margaret Case, Martin Cascio, Wayne Hinderliter, Alan Peters, Annette Devlin, Robert TI Associations of Endothelial Function and Air Temperature in Diabetic Individuals SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Schneider, Alexandra; Peters, Annette] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, Lucas; Case, Martin; Devlin, Robert] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herbst, Margaret; Hinderliter, Alan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cascio, Wayne] E Carolina Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. RI Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874100059 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, D AF Schreinemachers, Dina TI Use of Nontraditional Epidemiologic Methods to Link Environmental Exposure and Disease: An Example SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Schreinemachers, Dina] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S129 EP S130 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874101029 ER PT J AU Williams, R Vette, A Croghan, C Jones, P Stevens, C Rodes, C Thornburg, J Lawless, P Daughtrey, H AF Williams, Ron Vette, Alan Croghan, Carry Jones, Paul Stevens, Carvin Rodes, Charles Thornburg, Jonathan Lawless, Phil Daughtrey, Hunter TI The Value of Human Exposure Monitoring in the DEARS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Williams, Ron; Vette, Alan; Croghan, Carry; Jones, Paul; Stevens, Carvin] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rodes, Charles; Thornburg, Jonathan; Lawless, Phil] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Daughtrey, Hunter] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S231 EP S231 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874101357 ER PT J AU Yeatts, K Hanna, A Zhu, ZY Xiu, AJ Arora, G Meng, QY Pinto, J Robison, P AF Yeatts, Karin Hanna, Adel Zhu, Zhengyuan Xiu, Aijun Arora, Gurmeet Meng, Qingyu Pinto, Joe Robison, Peter TI Ozone, PM10, and Synoptic Circulation Patterns Associated with Asthma/Myocardial Infarction Hospital Admissions SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND C1 [Yeatts, Karin; Hanna, Adel; Zhu, Zhengyuan; Xiu, Aijun; Arora, Gurmeet; Robison, Peter] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Meng, Qingyu; Pinto, Joe] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SU S BP S226 EP S226 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507SE UT WOS:000270874101341 ER PT J AU Fessler, MB Massing, MW Spruell, B Jaramillo, R Draper, DW Madenspacher, JH Arbes, SJ Calatroni, A Zeldin, DC AF Fessler, Michael B. Massing, Mark W. Spruell, Brian Jaramillo, Renee Draper, David W. Madenspacher, Jennifer H. Arbes, Samuel J. Calatroni, Agustin Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Novel relationship of serum cholesterol with asthma and wheeze in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lung; asthma; wheeze; cholesterol; atopy; Hispanic ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RISK-FACTORS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS MESA; PUERTO-RICAN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS AB Background: Cholesterol exerts complex effects on inflammation. There has been little investigation of whether serum cholesterol is associated with asthma, an inflammatory airways disease with great public health impact. Objective: To determine relationships between levels of 3 serum cholesterol measures (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and non-HDL-C) and asthma/wheeze in a sample representative of the US population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 7005 participants age; >= 6 years from the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: Serum TC and non-HDL-C were lower in patients with current asthma than in subjects without current asthma in the overall population (TC, 188.5 vs 192.2 mg/dL; non-HDL-C, 133.9 vs 137.7 mg/dL; P < .05 for both), whereas HDL-C was not different. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regression per 1-SD increase of TC and non-HDL-C for current asthma were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86-0.98) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98), respectively. On racial/ethnic stratification, these relationships reflect marked reductions unique to Mexican Americans (MAs; TC, 171.4 vs 189.3 mg/dL; P < .001; OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.80; non-HDL-C, 119.8 vs 137.9 mg/dL; P < .001; OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79). Among MAs, the adjusted OR for wheeze requiring medical attention was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43-0.75) for TC and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.33-0.85) for non-HDL-C. Relationships between cholesterol and asthma/wheeze were independent of body mass index and serum C-reactive protein, and similar between atopic and nonatopic participants. Conclusion: Serum TC and non-HDL-C are inversely related to asthma in the US population, chiefly reflecting a relationship among MAs. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:967-74.) C1 [Fessler, Michael B.; Draper, David W.; Madenspacher, Jennifer H.; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Massing, Mark W.; Spruell, Brian; Jaramillo, Renee] SRA Int, Durham, NC USA. [Arbes, Samuel J.; Calatroni, Agustin] Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Maildrop D2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fesslerm@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 124 IS 5 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.005 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 523XI UT WOS:000272108000014 PM 19800678 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Bushon, RN Brady, AMG Bertke, EE Kephart, CM Likirdopulos, CA Mailot, BE Schaefer, FW Lindquist, HD AF Francy, D. S. Bushon, R. N. Brady, A. M. G. Bertke, E. E. Kephart, C. M. Likirdopulos, C. A. Mailot, B. E. Schaefer, F. W., III Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Comparison of traditional and molecular analytical methods for detecting biological agents in raw and drinking water following ultrafiltration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological agents; drinking water; qPCR; rapid detection; ultrafiltration ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; SAMPLES; RECOVERY; QUANTIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM; PARVUM AB Aims: To compare the performance of traditional methods to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detecting five biological agents in large-volume drinking-water samples concentrated by ultrafiltration (UF). Methods and Results: Drinking-water samples (100 l) were seeded with Bacillus anthracis, Cryptospordium parvum, Francisella tularensis, Salmonella Typhi, and Vibrio cholerae and concentrated by UF. Recoveries by traditional methods were variable between samples and between some replicates; recoveries were not determined by qPCR. Francisella tularensis and V. cholerae were detected in all 14 samples after UF, B. anthracis was detected in 13, and C. parvum was detected in 9 out of 14 samples. Numbers found by qPCR after UF were significantly or nearly related to those found by traditional methods for all organisms except for C. parvum. A qPCR assay for S. Typhi was not available. Conclusions: qPCR can be used to rapidly detect biological agents after UF as well as traditional methods, but additional work is needed to improve qPCR assays for several biological agents, determine recoveries by qPCR, and expand the study to other areas. Significance and Impact of the Study: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the use of traditional and qPCR methods to detect biological agents in large-volume drinking-water samples. C1 [Francy, D. S.; Bushon, R. N.; Brady, A. M. G.; Bertke, E. E.; Kephart, C. M.; Likirdopulos, C. A.; Mailot, B. E.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Schaefer, F. W., III; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1479 EP 1491 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04329.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 504ZV UT WOS:000270658100008 PM 19426268 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Bynum, MLK Somers, EC AF Cooper, Glinda S. Bynum, Milele L. K. Somers, Emily C. TI Recent insights in the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases: Improved prevalence estimates and understanding of clustering of diseases SO JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Review DE Autoiummune disease; Comorbidity; Disease burden; Epidemiology; Prevalence ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TYPE-1 DIABETES-MELLITUS; WHO-ILAR COPCORD; PRIMARY SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MANAGED CARE ORGANIZATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN AB Previous studies have estimated a prevalence of a broad grouping of autoimmune diseases of 3.2%, based on literature review of studies published between 1965 and 1995, and 5.3%, based on national hospitalization registry data in Denmark. We examine more recent studies pertaining to the prevalence of 29 autoimmune diseases, and use these data to correct for the underascertainment of some diseases in the hospitalization registry data. This analysis results in an estimated prevalence of 7.6-9.4%, depending on the size of the correction factor used. The rates for most diseases for which data are available from many geographic regions span overlapping ranges. We also review studies of the co-occurrence of diseases within individuals and within families, focusing on specific pairs of diseases to better distinguish patterns that may result in insights pertaining to shared etiological pathways. Overall, data support a tendency for autoimmune diseases to co-occur at greater than expected rates within proband patients and their families, but this does not appear to be a uniform phenomenon across all diseases. Multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis is one disease pair that appears to have a decreased chance of coexistence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cooper, Glinda S.] George Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bynum, Milele L. K.] Social & Sci Syst, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Somers, Emily C.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Div Rheumatol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601 P, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov OI Somers, Emily/0000-0001-5234-3978 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES049023] NR 175 TC 168 Z9 175 U1 4 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0896-8411 J9 J AUTOIMMUN JI J. Autoimmun. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.09.008 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 534KZ UT WOS:000272896800006 PM 19819109 ER PT J AU Hubbard, HF Sobus, JR Pleil, JD Madden, MC Tabucchi, S AF Hubbard, H. F. Sobus, J. R. Pleil, J. D. Madden, M. C. Tabucchi, S. TI Application of novel method to measure endogenous VOCs in exhaled breath condensate before and after exposure to diesel exhaust SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Exhaled breath condensate; Diesel exhaust ID AIR-POLLUTION; YORK CITY; MORTALITY AB Polar volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) such as aldehydes and alcohols are byproducts of normal human metabolism and thus are found in blood and exhaled breath. Perturbation of the normal patterns of such metabolites may reflect exposures to environmental stressors, disease state, and human activity. Presented herein is a specific methodology for assaying PVOC biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples with application to a series of samples from a controlled chamber exposure to dilute diesel exhaust (DE) OF to Purified air. The collection/analysis method is based on condensation of normal (at rest) exhaled breaths for 10 min (resulting in 1-2 ml of liquid) with subsequent analyte adsorption onto Tenax (R) cartridges followed by thermal desorption and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analytical data have linearity of response (R(2) > 0.98) across a range of 0-160 ng/ml with a detection limit ranging from 0.2 to 7 ng/ml depending on the Compound. Statistical analyses of the results of the controlled exposure study indicate that metabolism, as reflected in simple breath-borne oxygenated species, is not affected by exposure to ambient airborne levels of DE. Linear mixed-effects models showed that PVOC biomarker levels are affected by gender and vary significantly among nominally healthy subjects. Differences among PVOCs analyzed in clinic air, purified chamber air. and chamber air containing dilute DE confirm that most of the compounds are likely of endogenous origin as the exogenous exposure levels did not perturb the EBC measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hubbard, H. F.; Pleil, J. D.] US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, HEASD NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sobus, J. R.] US EPA, Exposure Measurements & Anal Branch, HEASD NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Madden, M. C.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, HSD NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tabucchi, S.] Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Hubbard, HF (reprint author), US EPA, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, HEASD NERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development [EP-D-05-101] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here. Chamber operation was conducted under Contract EP-D-05-101 to TRC Environmental Corporation. This work has been subjected to Environmental Protection Agency review and approved for publication. We appreciate the expert advice, assistance, and review from Jon Berntsen of TRC, the staff of the NHEERL Human Studies Facility, and Peter Egeghy, Paul Jones, and Myriam Medina-Vera of U.S. EPA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 877 IS 29 BP 3652 EP 3658 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.008 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 511MA UT WOS:000271168100025 PM 19797001 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TP Rossi, J AF O'Connor, Thomas P. Rossi, James TI Monitoring of a Best Management Practice Wetland before and after Maintenance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Urban Watershed Management Branch monitored a best management practice (BMP) wetland in the Richmond Creek (RC) watershed. This BMP, designated Richmond Creek #5 (RC-5), is owned and operated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection's as part of the Bluebelt program. During monitoring performed in 2003 and 2004, RC-5 was monitored for several water quality parameters including suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and phosphorous. Calculated SS loads demonstrated a 61% removal which is in line with the anticipated removals of 55%-57%, however, COD was not being removed from RC-5. Due to visible accumulation of sediment in the forebay and leaves throughout the BMP, maintenance activity was performed in the spring of 2005, to remove the sediment and organic matter (leaves) by vactor truck and physical labor. About four truck loads of sediment and leaf litter, estimated at 35 m(3) (46 cubic yards), was removed from the site. Monitoring during the fall of 2005 measured the effects of this maintenance activity. The effluent concentrations of COD were significantly less and less variable after maintenance, and calculated influent and effluent COD loading indicated removals. The reduction in COD effluent coincided with drops in effluent phosphorous levels. Effluent SS concentrations were not significantly altered, implying RC-5 still had capacity to remove sediments before maintenance occurred. Indications are that the maintenance activity significantly reduced the COD effluent and may help communities manage phosphorous loadings. C1 [O'Connor, Thomas P.] US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Rossi, James] Staten Isl Bluebelt Unit, New York City Dept Environm Protect, Staten Isl, NY 10307 USA. RP O'Connor, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,MS 104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM oconnor.thomas@epa.gov; jrossi@dep.nyc.gov OI O'Connor, Thomas/0000-0002-5643-644X FU New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) FX Many Urban Watershed Management Branch members assisted in the monitoring and analysis for this project. The majority of the monitoring, sampling, and laboratory analysis was performed by personnel from U. S. Infrastructure, Inc. This project could not have been performed without the permission and support of the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) and their contractor, Hazen and Sawyer, P. C., responsible for the design of the best management practice. Special recognition is given to the following individuals for their cooperation: Dana Gumb, Director, Staten Island Bluebelt, New York City Department of Environmental Protection and Sandeep Mehrotra, Senior Associate, Hazen and Sawyer, P. C. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the writer and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the USEPA. Additional information about the Staten Island Bluebelt can be obtained on the DEP's website: http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/dep_projects/bluebelt.shtml. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2009 VL 135 IS 11 BP 1145 EP 1154 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2009)135:11(1145) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508FC UT WOS:000270913300008 ER PT J AU Muhammad, N Sinha, R Krishnan, ER Patterson, CL AF Muhammad, Nur Sinha, Rajib Krishnan, E. Radha Patterson, Craig L. TI Ceramic Filter for Small System Drinking Water Treatment: Evaluation of Membrane Pore Size and Importance of Integrity Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM REMOVAL; CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT; FILTRATION; SURROGATES; MICROFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; MEDIA AB Ceramic filtration has recently been identified as a promising technology for drinking water treatment in households and small communities. This paper summarizes the results of a pilot-scale study conducted at the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Test & Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati on two ceramic filtration cartridges with pore sizes of 0.05 and 0.01 mu m to evaluate their ability to remove turbidity and microbiological contaminants such as bacteria [Bacillus subtilis (approximate to 1.0 mu m) and Escherichia coli (approximate to 1.4 mu m)], Cryptosporidium oocysts (4-6 mu m), polystyrene latex (PSL) beads (2.85 mu m) (a surrogate for Cryptosporidium), and MS2 bacteriophage (approximate to 0.02 mu m) (a surrogate for enteric viruses). The results demonstrated that the relatively tighter 0.01-mu m cartridge performed better than the 0.05-mu m cartridge in removing all the biological contaminants and surrogates. For turbidity removal, the 0.01-mu m cartridge performed slightly better than the 0.05-mu m cartridge; however, the permeate rate in the 0.01-mu m cartridge reduced rapidly at higher feed water turbidity levels indicating that a tighter membrane should only be used with adequate pretreatment or at a low feed water turbidity to prolong membrane life. Microbiological monitoring was identified as a more sensitive indirect integrity monitoring method than turbidity and particle count monitoring to ensure effective treatment of water by ceramic filtration. Both PSL beads and B. subtilis showed potential as effective surrogates for Cryptosporidium, with B. subtilis showing higher degree of conservatism. Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by EPA. This document has been reviewed in accordance with EPA's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. C1 [Muhammad, Nur] US EPA, Shaw E&I Inc, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. [Sinha, Rajib; Krishnan, E. Radha] Shaw E&I Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Patterson, Craig L.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Muhammad, N (reprint author), US EPA, Shaw E&I Inc, Test & Evaluat Facil, 1600 Gest St, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2009 VL 135 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1191 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000084 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508FC UT WOS:000270913300012 ER PT J AU Jang, YC Jain, P Tolaymat, T Dubey, B Townsend, T AF Jang, Yong-Chul Jain, Pradeep Tolaymat, Thabet Dubey, Brajesh Townsend, Timothy TI Characterization of pollutants in Florida street sweepings for management and reuse SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Beneficial use; Heavy metals; Land application; Leaching risk; Organic pollutants; Street sweeping ID HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; ROAD-DEPOSITED SEDIMENT; PARTICLE-SIZE; GRAIN-SIZE; POLLUTION; SOILS; DUST; ACCUMULATION; WEAR; WOOD AB Disposal and beneficial-use options for street sweeping residuals collected as part of routine roadway maintenance activities in Florida, USA, were assessed by characterizing approximately 200 samples collected from 20 municipalities. Total concentrations (mg/kg or mu g/kg) and leachable concentrations (mg/L or mu g/L) of 11 metals and a number of organic pollutant groups (volatile organics, semi-volatile organics, pesticides, herbicides, carbamates) in the samples were measured. The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) was performed to evaluate the leachability of the pollutants. From the total metal analysis, several metals (e.g., arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) were commonly found above their detection limits. Zinc was found to have the highest mean concentration of all metals measured (46.7 mg/kg), followed by copper (10.7 mg/kg) and barium (10.5 mg/kg). The metal with the smallest mean concentration was arsenic (0.48 mg/kg). A small fraction of the total arsenic, barium, lead, and zinc leached in some samples using the SPLP; leached concentrations were relatively low. A few organic compounds (e.g., 4,4'-DDT, endrin, and endosulfan II) were detected in a limited number of samples. When the total and leaching results were compared to risk-based Florida soil cleanup target levels and groundwater cleanup target levels, the street sweepings were not found to pose a significant human-health risk via direct exposure or groundwater contamination. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jang, Yong-Chul; Jain, Pradeep; Tolaymat, Thabet; Dubey, Brajesh; Townsend, Timothy] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jain, Pradeep] Innovat Waste Consulting Serv LLC, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Dubey, Brajesh] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Jang, Yong-Chul] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Townsend, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ttown@ufl.edu RI Dubey, Brajesh/B-9677-2008; Townsend, Timothy/D-1981-2009 OI Dubey, Brajesh/0000-0002-6991-7314; Townsend, Timothy/0000-0002-1222-0954 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Hinkley Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management; Florida Stormwater Association FX This research was sponsored by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Hinkley Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, the Florida Stormwater Association, and a group of municipalities and other organizations. These included St. Lucie County Public Works, Brevard County Surface Water Management, Reedy Creek Improvement District, Seminole County Stormwater Division, City of Ft. Myers, City of Orlando, Sarasota County Public Works, City of Lake Worth - Public Works, City of Winter Park, and the Palm Beach County Solid Waste Authority. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers (especially reviewer #5) for his/her detailed comments which helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535FG UT WOS:000272952000003 PM 19800729 ER PT J AU Williams, R Rea, A Vette, A Croghan, C Whitaker, D Stevens, C McDow, S Fortmann, R Sheldon, L Wilson, H Thornburg, J Phillips, M Lawless, P Rodes, C Daughtrey, H AF Williams, Ron Rea, Anne Vette, Alan Croghan, Carry Whitaker, Donald Stevens, Carvin McDow, Steve Fortmann, Roy Sheldon, Linda Wilson, Holly Thornburg, Jonathan Phillips, Michael Lawless, Phil Rodes, Charles Daughtrey, Hunter TI The design and field implementation of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; DEARS; air toxics; personal monitoring; human exposures ID MATTER EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; OUTDOOR CONCENTRATIONS; POPULATION EXPOSURES; RESIDENTIAL OUTDOOR AB The US Environmental Protection Agency recently conducted the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). The study began in 2004 and involved community, residential, and personal-based measurements of air pollutants targeting 120 participants and their residences. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate and describe the relationship between air toxics, particulate matter (PM), PM constituents, and PM from specific sources measured at a central site monitor with those from the residential and personal locations. The impact of regional, local (point and mobile), and personal sources on pollutant concentrations and the role of physical and human factors that might influence these concentrations were investigated. A combination of active and passive sampling methodologies were employed in the collection of PM mass, criteria gases, semivolatile organics, and volatile organic compound air pollutants among others. Monitoring was conducted in six selected neighborhoods along with one community site using a repeated measure design. Households from each of the selected communities were monitored for 5 consecutive days in the winter and again in the summer. Household, participant and a variety of other surveys were utilized to better understand human and household factors that might affect the impact of ambient-based pollution sources upon personal and residential locations. A randomized recruitment strategy was successful in enrolling nearly 140 participants over the course of the study. Over 36,000 daily-based environmental data points or records were ultimately collected. This paper fully describes the design of the DEARS and the approach used to implement this field monitoring study and reports select preliminary findings. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 643-659; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.61; published online 22 October 2008 C1 [Williams, Ron; Vette, Alan; Croghan, Carry; Whitaker, Donald; Stevens, Carvin; McDow, Steve; Fortmann, Roy; Sheldon, Linda] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rea, Anne; Wilson, Holly] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thornburg, Jonathan; Phillips, Michael; Lawless, Phil; Rodes, Charles] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Daughtrey, Hunter] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E-204-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 FU The US Environmental Protection Agency [68-D-00-012, EP-D-04-068, 68-D-00-206, EP-05-D-065] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here under contract 68-D-00-012 ( RTI International), EP-D-04-068 ( Battelle Columbus Laboratory), 68-D-00-206 and EP-05-D-065 ( Alion Science and Technology). It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Janet Burke, Shaibal Mukerjee, Gary Norris, David Olson, William McClenny, Lucas Neas, Gina Andrews, Jack Suggs, BJ George, Margaret Sieffert, and George Bollweg ( US EPA) for their assistance in the development of the study objectives and its primary statistical plan. Dennis Williams, Karen Oliver, Lydia Brouwer, Herb Jacumin, of Alion Science and Technology were responsible for preparation of sampling media. Randy Newsome, Andrew Dart, Jeff Portzer, Phil Lawless, and Jeremy Seagraves of RTI International were responsible for overseeing a majority of the field data collections. The US EPA acknowledges the kind assistance of Ann Chevalier, Dan Ling, Craig Fitzer, Catherine Simon, and MaryAnn Heindorf of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Jill Kearney and Rose Dugandzic ( Health Canada) are thanked for their helpful review comments of the original study design. We also thank Kathy Edgren ( CAAA) and Farid Shamo ( ACCESS) who provided assistance in the recruiting of study participants. We are most thankful to the many DEARS participants who agreed to assist us with the collection of this important dataset. NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 643 EP 659 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.61 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 508SA UT WOS:000270953500003 ER PT J AU Outola, I Inn, K Ford, R Markham, S Outola, P AF Outola, Iisa Inn, Kenneth Ford, Robert Markham, Steve Outola, Petri TI Optimizing standard sequential extraction protocol with lake and ocean sediments SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Speciation; Sequential extraction; Reference material ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES; SOILS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PU-240; WATER AB The environmental mobility/availability behavior of radionuclides in soils and sediments depends on their speciation. Experiments have been carried out to develop a simple but robust radionuclide sequential extraction method for identification of radionuclide partitioning in sediments and soils. The sequential extraction protocol was optimized for temperature, concentration of reagents and reaction time. Optimum extraction conditions were chosen based on the release of (239,240)Pu, (238)U and stable elements. Results from the experiments with lake sediment (SRM 4354) are compared to the previous trials where the sequential extraction protocol was optimized with the ocean sediment (SRM 4357). Based on these two trials the NIST standard sequential extraction protocol is established for defined extraction settings for temperature, reagent concentration and time. C1 [Outola, Iisa; Inn, Kenneth; Outola, Petri] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Outola, Iisa] Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki 00881, Finland. [Ford, Robert] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Markham, Steve] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Outola, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iisa.outola@stuk.fi RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 FU The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; [68-C-03-097] FX Sandra Saye provided analytical support for determination of stable elements ( Contract # 68-C-03-097). The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded a portion of the research described herein. It has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 282 IS 2 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0183-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 518ED UT WOS:000271672300001 ER PT J AU Campbell, R Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS AF Campbell, Robert, Jr. Cooper, Glinda S. Gilkeson, Gary S. TI The Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Employment SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JOB LOSS; LOST WAGES; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; CAROLINA LUPUS STUDY; ARTHRITIS; PLEURITIS ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS PATIENTS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WORK DISABILITY; REVISED CRITERIA; RISK-FACTORS; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATION; COSTS; RACE AB Objective. Our primary objective was to examine work status (e.g., job loss, changes in amount worked) and predictors of job loss in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Recently diagnosed SLE patients were enrolled in the Carolina Lupus Study between 1997 and 1999: ail age-, sex-, and state-matched control group selected through driver's license registries for the 60-county study area was also enrolled. In 2001, a followup study of both groups was conducted (median 4 yrs since diagnosis). Work history data were obtained in ail in-person interview at enrollment and a telephone interview at followup. Results. Fifty-one patients (26%) and 26 controls (9%) (p < 0.0001) who were working the year before diagnosis (or for controls, it corresponding reference year) were no longer working at followup; 92% of patients compared with 40% of controls who were no longer working indicated that they had stopped working because of their health (p < 0.0001). College graduates were less likely to quit their jobs due to health compared to non-college graduates (adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.09, 0.84). SLE patients with arthritis were 3 times more likely to have left their jobs due to health reasons compared to those who didn't have arthritis (adjusted OR = 3.3. 95% CI 1.2, 8.8); ail association was also seen with pleuritis (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 4.6). Conclusion. The burden expressed as work cessation due to health, especially among lesser educated patients and those with arthritis or pleuritis, is significant even early in the disease process. (First Release Oct 1 2009; J Rheumatol 2009;36:2470-5, doi: 10.3899/jrheum.080586) C1 [Campbell, Robert, Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NIEHS, NIH, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilkeson, Gary S.] Ralph H Johnson Vet Adm Med Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Campbell, R (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol & Immunol, 96 Jonathan Lucas St,Suite 912, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM campber@musc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAMS NIH HHS [2R01-AR045476, 1T32-AR050958, P60-AR049459] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2470 EP 2475 DI 10.3899/jrheum.080586 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 517DP UT WOS:000271593700016 PM 19273454 ER PT J AU Olaguer, EP Rappengluck, B Lefer, B Stutz, J Dibb, J Griffin, R Brune, WH Shauck, M Buhr, M Jeffries, H Vizuete, W Pinto, JP AF Olaguer, Eduardo P. Rappenglueck, Bernhard Lefer, Barry Stutz, Jochen Dibb, Jack Griffin, Robert Brune, William H. Shauck, Maxwell Buhr, Martin Jeffries, Harvey Vizuete, William Pinto, Joseph P. TI Deciphering the Role of Radical Precursors during the Second Texas Air Quality Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-ACID HONO; LIGHT-DUTY; HETEROGENEOUS PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; VEHICLE EXHAUST; PASSENGER CARS; EMISSIONS; FORMALDEHYDE; SIMULATION; IMPACT AB The Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) funded significant components of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II), including the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP) and instrumented flights by a Piper Aztec aircraft. These experiments called attention to the role of short-lived radical sources such as formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrous acid (HONO) in increasing ozone productivity. TRAMP instruments recorded daytime HCHO pulses as large as 32 parts per billion (ppb) originating from upwind industrial activities in the Houston Ship Channel, where in situ surface monitors detected HCHO peaks as large as 52 ppb. Moreover, Ship Channel petrochemical flares were observed to produce plumes of apparent primary HCHO. In one such combustion plume that was depleted of ozone by large emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), the Piper Aztec measured a ratio of HCHO to carbon monoxide, (CO) 3 times that of mobile sources. HCHO from uncounted primary sources or ozonolysis of underestimated olefin emissions could significantly increase ozone productivity in Houston beyond previous expectations. Simulations with the CAMx model show that additional emissions of HCHO from industrial flares or mobile sources can increase peak ozone in Houston by up to 30 ppb. Other findings from TexAQS II include significant concentrations of HONO throughout the day, well in excess of current air quality model predictions, with large nocturnal vertical gradients indicating a surface or near-surface source of HONO, and large concentrations of nighttime radicals (similar to 30 parts per trillion [ppt] HO2). HONO may be formed heterogeneously on urban canopy or particulate matter surfaces and may be enhanced by organic aerosol of industrial or motor vehicular origin, such as through conversion of nitric acid (HNO3). Additional HONO sources may increase daytime ozone by more than 10 ppb. Improving the representation of primary and secondary HCHO and HONO in air quality models could enhance the simulated effectiveness of control strategies. C1 [Olaguer, Eduardo P.] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Olaguer, Eduardo P.] Texas Environm Res Consortium, Houston, TX USA. [Rappenglueck, Bernhard; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Atmospher Chem, Houston, TX USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Dibb, Jack] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Tropospher Chem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Griffin, Robert] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shauck, Maxwell] Baylor Univ, Inst Air Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Buhr, Martin] Air Qual Design Inc, Golden, CO USA. [Jeffries, Harvey; Vizuete, William] Univ N Carolina, Dept Atmospher & Aquat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pinto, Joseph P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olaguer, EP (reprint author), Houston Adv Res Ctr, 4800 Res Forest Dr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. EM eolaguer@harc.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; OI Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; vizuete, william/0000-0002-1399-2948 FU Texas Legislature through TCEQ FX Funds for the TexAQS II research projects. managed by TERC were provided by the Texas Legislature through TCEQ. The views expressed in this article are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of EPA. This article has been reviewed and approved for presentation and publication by EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment. N.B. Reports of TERC projects are available at: http://www.tercairquality.org. NR 78 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1258 EP 1277 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.11.1258 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514ZX UT WOS:000271436800001 PM 19947108 ER PT J AU Zota, AR Willis, R Jim, R Norris, GA Shine, JP Duvall, RM Schaider, LA Spengler, JD AF Zota, Ami R. Willis, Robert Jim, Rebecca Norris, Gary A. Shine, James P. Duvall, Rachelle M. Schaider, Laurel A. Spengler, John D. TI Impact of Mine Waste on Airborne Respirable Particulates in Northeastern Oklahoma, United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; OLFACTORY UPTAKE; MATTER; POLLUTION; PARTICLES; HEALTH; ZINC; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB Atmospheric dispersion of particles from mine waste is potentially an important route of human exposure to metals in communities close to active and abandoned mining areas. This study assessed sources of mass and metal concentrations in two size fractions of respirable particles using positive matrix factorization (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] PMF 3.0). Weekly integrated samples of particulate matter (PM) 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter or less (PM(10)) and fine PM (PM(2.5), or PM <2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) were collected at three monitoring sites, varying distances (0.5-20 km) from mine waste piles, for 58 consecutive weeks in a former lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) mining region. Mean mass concentrations varied significantly across sites for coarse PM (PM(10)-PM(2.5)) but not PM(2.5) particles. Concentrations of Pb and Zn significantly decreased with increasing distance from the mine waste piles in PM(10)-PM(2.5) (P < 0.0001) and PM(2.5) (P < 0.0005) fractions. Source apportionment analyses deduced five sources contributing to PM(2.5) (mobile source combustion, secondary sulfates, mine waste, crustal/soil, and a source rich in calcium [Ca]) and three sources for the coarse fraction (mine waste, crustal/soil, and a Ca-rich source). In the PM(2.5) fraction, mine waste contributed 1-6% of the overall mass, 40% of Pb, and 63% of Zn. Mine waste impacts were more apparent in the PM(10)-PM(2.5) fraction and contributed 4-39% of total mass, 88% of Pb, and 97% of Zn. Percent contribution of mine waste varied significantly across sites (P < 0.0001) for both size fractions, with highest contributions in the site closest to the mine waste piles. Seasonality, wind direction, and concentrations of the Ca-rich source were also associated with levels of ambient aerosols from the mine waste source. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the PMF-identified mine waste source is mainly composed of Zn-Pb agglomerates on crustal particles in the PM(10)-PM(2.5) fraction. In conclusion, the differential impacts of mine waste on respirable particles by size fraction and location should be considered in future exposure evaluations. C1 [Zota, Ami R.; Shine, James P.; Schaider, Laurel A.; Spengler, John D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Willis, Robert; Norris, Gary A.; Duvall, Rachelle M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Characterizat & Apportionment Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jim, Rebecca] Local Environm Act Demanded Agcy, Vinita, OK USA. RP Zota, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, 1330 Broadway St,Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM zotaar@obgyn.ucsf.edu FU U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [2 P30-ES00002, 1P01ES012874]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P42-ES05947]; EPA STAR [RD-83172501] FX The authors acknowledge the active involvement and continued cooperation of our community partners-the L.E.A.D. agency and Integris Baptist Medical Center of Miami, OK. The authors thank the residents of Ottawa County, who were instrumental in the collection of this valuable information, for welcoming us onto their land and allowing us to assemble and maintain our air sampling stations for over a year. The authors thank Rebecca Lincoln for her assistance with sampling and manuscript feedback, Meredith Franklin for her programming assistance, and Beatriz Vinas for her laboratory assistance. This study was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P42-ES05947, Superfund Basic Research Program, NIEHS Center grant 2 P30-ES00002, NIEHS Children's Center grant 1P01ES012874, and EPA STAR research assistance agreement no. RD-83172501. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH, or EPA. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in the research described here, which has been subjected to EPA review and approved for publication. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1347 EP 1357 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.11.1347 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514ZX UT WOS:000271436800009 PM 19947116 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Cox, D Dewalt, G AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Cox, David Dewalt, Gary TI Correlation between ERMI Values and Other Moisture and Mold Assessments of Homes in the American Healthy Homes Survey SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mold; Moisture; MSQPCR; ERMI; Inner city; Questionnaire ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; RELATIVE MOLDINESS INDEX; ASTHMA MORBIDITY; INNER-CITY; CHILDREN; INDOOR; CHILDHOOD; EXPOSURES; DAMPNESS; FUNGI AB The main objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) values in the Department of Housing and Urban Development American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) homes and an alternative analysis frequently used in mold investigations, i.e., the inspector's "walk-through" assessment of visual or olfactory evidence of mold combined with occupant's answers to a questionnaire about mold odors and moisture. Homes in the highest ERMI quartile were in agreement with visual inspection and/or occupant assessment 48% of the time but failed to detect the mold in 52% of the fourth quartile homes. In about 7% of lowest ERMI quartile homes, the inspection and occupant assessments overestimated the mold problem. The ERMI analysis of dust from homes may be useful in finding hidden mold problems. An additional objective was to compare the ERMI values in inner city east-Baltimore homes, where childhood asthma is common, to the AHHS randomly selected homes. C1 [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McKinstry, Craig] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cox, David; Dewalt, Gary] QuanTech, Arlington, VA USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU U. S. EPA Asthma Initiative FX This research was partially supported by funding from the U. S. EPA Asthma Initiative. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 850 EP 860 DI 10.1007/s11524-009-9384-1 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 531DU UT WOS:000272643700004 PM 19536652 ER PT J AU Friedman, SD Genthner, FJ Gentry, J Sobsey, MD Vinje, J AF Friedman, Stephanie D. Genthner, Fred J. Gentry, Jennifer Sobsey, Mark D. Vinje, Jan TI Gene Mapping and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Genome from 30 Single-Stranded RNA Male-Specific Coliphages (Family Leviviridae) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; TRANSLATION TERMINATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; WATER SAMPLES; STOP CODON; HOST-RANGE; PHAGE; BACTERIOPHAGE AB Male-specific single-stranded RNA (FRNA) coliphages belong to the family Leviviridae. They are classified into two genera (Levivirus and Allolevivirus), which can be subdivided into four genogroups (genogroups I and II in Levivirus and genogroups III and IV in Allolevivirus). Relatively few strains have been completely characterized, and hence, a detailed knowledge of this virus family is lacking. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genomes of 19 FRNA strains (10 Levivirus strains and 9 Allolevivirus strains) and compared them to the 11 complete genome sequences available in GenBank. Nucleotide similarities among strains of Levivirus genogroups I and II were 75% to 99% and 83 to 94%, respectively, whereas similarities among strains of Allolevivirus genogroups III and IV ranged from 70 to 96% and 75 to 95%, respectively. Although genogroup I strain fr and genogroup III strains MX1 and M11 share only 70 to 78% sequence identity with strains in their respective genogroups, phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome and the individual genes suggest that strain fr should be grouped in Levivirus genogroup I and that the MX1 and M11 strains belong in Allolevivirus genogroup III. Strains within each genus share >50% sequence identity, whereas between the two genera, strains have <40% nucleotide sequence identity. Overall, amino acid composition, nucleotide similarities, and replicase catalytic domain location contributed to phylogenetic assignments. A conserved eight-nucleotide signature at the 3' end of the genome distinguishes leviviruses (5' ACCACCCA 3') from alloleviviruses (5' TCCTCCCA 3'). C1 [Friedman, Stephanie D.; Genthner, Fred J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Friedman, Stephanie D.; Gentry, Jennifer; Sobsey, Mark D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Calicivirus Lab, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Friedman, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM friedman.stephanie@epa.gov OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) New England Regional Applied Research Effort; U.S. EPA New England Regional Laboratory FX This research was funded, in part, through the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) New England Regional Applied Research Effort. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Jack Paar III, U.S. EPA New England Regional Laboratory, for initiating and sponsoring this program. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 83 IS 21 BP 11233 EP 11243 DI 10.1128/JVI.01308-09 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 504FW UT WOS:000270602300036 PM 19710143 ER PT J AU D'Andrea, AF DeWitt, TH AF D'Andrea, Anthony F. DeWitt, Theodore H. TI Geochemical ecosystem engineering by the mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis (Crustacea: Thalassinidae) in Yaquina Bay, Oregon: Density-dependent effects on organic matter remineralization and nutrient cycling SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PESTARELLA-TYRRHENA DECAPODA; BENTHIC METABOLISM; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CALLIANASSA-SUBTERRANEA; POREWATER ADVECTION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BURROW MORPHOLOGY; MACRO-INFAUNA; GHOST SHRIMPS; TROPHIC MODES AB We investigated the effect of the thalassinid mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis on organic matter and nutrient cycling on Idaho Flat, an intertidal flat in the Yaquina River estuary, Oregon. Field studies were conducted to measure carbon and nitrogen remineralization rates and benthic fluxes relative to shrimp population density. Organic carbon remineralization rates estimated from incubations increased with burrow density. Similarly, benthic oxygen uptake increased linearly with burrow density. Shrimp bioirrigation enhanced carbon remineralization up to 2.9 times; its effects on nitrogen cycling were even more dramatic, enhancing ammonification rates up to 7 times, nitrification rates between 3 and 9 times, and estimated denitrification up to 4 times relative to portions of the tide flat lacking shrimp. Bioirrigation by shrimp also reduced pore-water inventories of dissolved inorganic nitrogen ( DIN), resulting in DIN fluxes that increased exponentially with burrow density up to 15-fold relative to No-shrimp plots. For both C and N fluxes, the strongest density-dependent relationships occurred with burrow hole density rather than shrimp population density or biomass. Combined with population mapping of mud shrimp populations on Idaho Flat, we estimate that total areal C and DIN effluxes on the tide flat were enhanced 1.9 and 3.7 times, respectively, relative to areal fluxes expected if no shrimp were present. Mud shrimp thus perform as geochemical ecosystem engineers that strongly affect the flux and fate of C and N in Pacific estuaries. C1 [D'Andrea, Anthony F.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [DeWitt, Theodore H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR USA. RP D'Andrea, AF (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, St Thomas, VI USA. EM adandre@uvi.edu FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank P. Eldridge, J. Kaldy, and M. Anderson for assistance in the field, the staff of Dynamac Corporation for field and laboratory assistance, and the University of California at Santa Barbara Marine Science Institute Analytical Laboratory for nutrient analyses. We also thank G. Waldbusser and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The research was wholly funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review. NR 92 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1911 EP 1932 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.1911 PG 22 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 501OC UT WOS:000270390200009 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Cheong, CG Hall, TMT Wang, ZF AF Wang, Yang Cheong, Cheom-Gil Hall, Traci M. Tanaka Wang, Zefeng TI Engineering splicing factors with designed specificities SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; BCL-X; HNRNP A1; IN-VIVO; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-DEATH; PROTEINS; SELECTION AB Alternative splicing is generally regulated by trans-acting factors that specifically bind pre-mRN A to activate or inhibit the splicing reaction. This regulation is critical for normal gene expression, and dysregulation of splicing is closely associated with human diseases. Here we engineered artificial splicing factors by combining sequence-specific RN A-binding domains of human Pumilio1 with functional domains that regulate splicing. We applied these factors to modulate different types of alternative splicing in selected targets, to examine the activity of effector domains from natural splicing factors and to modulate splicing of an endogenous human gene, Bcl-X, an anticancer target. The designer factor targeted to Bcl-X increased the amount of pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS splice isoform, thus promoting apoptosis and increasing chemosensitivity of cancer cells to common antitumor drugs. Our approach permitted the creation of artificial factors to target virtually any pre-mRN A, providing a strategy to study splicing regulation and to manipulate disease-associated splicing events. C1 [Wang, Yang; Wang, Zefeng] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Cheong, Cheom-Gil; Hall, Traci M. Tanaka] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, ZF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM zefeng@med.unc.edu RI Wang, Yang /A-1849-2010; OI Wang, Zefeng/0000-0002-6605-3637 FU Beckman Foundation; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank C. Burge and our colleagues for critical reading of our manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Beckman Foundation (Z.W.) and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T. M. T. H). NR 31 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD NOV PY 2009 VL 6 IS 11 BP 825 EP U63 DI 10.1038/NMETH.1379 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 512KI UT WOS:000271247200016 PM 19801992 ER PT J AU Binns, HJ Forman, JA Karr, CJ Paulson, JA Osterhoudt, KC Roberts, JR Sandel, MT Seltzer, JM Wright, RO Best, D Blackburn, E Anderson, M Savage, S Rogan, WJ Spire, P Williams, JF Behnke, M Kokotailo, PK Levy, SJ Sims, TH Wunsch, MJ Simkin, D Smith, KS Blythe, MJ Barratt, MS Braverman, PK Murray, PJ Rosen, DS Seigel, WM Wibbelsman, CJ Breech, LL Pinzon, JL Shain, B Smith, KS Moore, KR Bell, JT Etzel, RA Hoffman, BD Ponder, SW Redding, MM Waldron, D Dubray, KL Lund, KJ Saylor, K Storck, MG Holve, SA Thierry, JK Kim, S Kim, S AF Binns, Helen J. Forman, Joel A. Karr, Catherine J. Paulson, Jerome A. Osterhoudt, Kevin C. Roberts, James R. Sandel, Megan T. Seltzer, James M. Wright, Robert O. Best, Dana Blackburn, Elizabeth Anderson, Mark Savage, Sharon Rogan, Walter J. Spire, Paul Williams, Janet F. Behnke, Marylou Kokotailo, Patricia K. Levy, Sharon J. Sims, Tammy H. Wunsch, Martha J. Simkin, Deborah Smith, Karen S. Blythe, Margaret J. Barratt, Michelle S. Braverman, Paula K. Murray, Pamela J. Rosen, David S. Seigel, Warren M. Wibbelsman, Charles J. Breech, Lesley L. Pinzon, Jorge L. Shain, Benjamin Smith, Karen S. Moore, Kelly R. Bell, Joseph T. Etzel, Ruth A. Hoffman, Benjamin D. Ponder, Stephen W. Redding, Mark M. Waldron, Debra Dubray, Kansas L. Lund, Kirsten J. Saylor, Kent Storck, Michael G. Holve, Stephen A. Thierry, Judith K. Kim, Sunnah Kim, Sunnah CA Comm Environm Hlth Comm Subst Abuse Comm Adolescence Comm Native Amer Child Hlth TI Policy Statement-Tobacco Use: A Pediatric Disease SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE tobacco; smoke; cigarette; environmental tobacco; nicotine; secondhand; smoke free; cigar; smokeless ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; SMOKING-CESSATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; MENTAL-HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; INITIATION; CHILDREN AB Tobacco use and secondhand tobacco-smoke (SHS) exposure are major national and international health concerns. Pediatricians and other clinicians who care for children are uniquely positioned to assist patients and families with tobacco-use prevention and treatment. Understanding the nature and extent of tobacco use and SHS exposure is an essential first step toward the goal of eliminating tobacco use and its consequences in the pediatric population. The next steps include counseling patients and family members to avoid SHS exposures or cease tobacco use; advocacy for policies that protect children from SHS exposure; and elimination of tobacco use in the media, public places, and homes. Three overarching principles of this policy can be identified: (1) there is no safe way to use tobacco; (2) there is no safe level or duration of exposure to SHS; and (3) the financial and political power of individuals, organizations, and government should be used to support tobacco control. Pediatricians are advised not to smoke or use tobacco; to make their homes, cars, and workplaces tobacco free; to consider tobacco control when making personal and professional decisions; to support and advocate for comprehensive tobacco control; and to advise parents and patients not to start using tobacco or to quit if they are already using tobacco. Prohibiting both tobacco advertising and the use of tobacco products in the media is recommended. Recommendations for eliminating SHS exposure and reducing tobacco use include attaining universal (1) smoke-free home, car, school, work, and play environments, both inside and outside, (2) treatment of tobacco use and dependence through employer, insurance, state, and federal supports, (3) implementation and enforcement of evidence-based tobacco-control measures in local, state, national, and international jurisdictions, and (4) financial and systems support for training in and research of effective ways to prevent and treat tobacco use and SHS exposure. Pediatricians, their staff and colleagues, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have key responsibilities in tobacco control to promote the health of children, adolescents, and young adults. Pediatrics 2009; 124: 1474-1487 C1 [Blackburn, Elizabeth] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Anderson, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Savage, Sharon] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rogan, Walter J.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Savage, Sharon/0000-0001-6006-0740 NR 100 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2009 VL 124 IS 5 BP 1474 EP 1487 DI 10.1542/peds.2009-2114 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 510MH UT WOS:000271092100028 ER PT J AU Lee, C Teng, Q Huang, WL Zhong, RQ Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Teng, Quincy Huang, Wenlin Zhong, Ruiqin Ye, Zheng-Hua TI The Poplar GT8E and GT8F Glycosyltransferases are Functional Orthologs of Arabidopsis PARVUS Involved in Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycosyltransferase Poplar Secondary wall biosynthesis Wood formation Xylan ID REDUCING END-GROUPS; CELL-WALL FORMATION; XYLAN; ARABIDOPSIS-IRREGULAR-XYLEM8; ARABIDOPSIS-FRAGILE-FIBER8; IRREGULAR-XYLEM9; DEFICIENT; REVEALS; ENZYMES; MUTANT AB The poplar GT8E and GT8F glycosyltransferases have previously been shown to be associated with wood formation, but their roles in the biosynthesis of wood components are not known. Here, we show that PoGT8E and PoGT8F are expressed in vessels and fibers during wood formation and their encoded proteins are predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum. We demonstrate that expression of PoGT8E and PoGT8F in the Arabidopsis parvus mutant rescues the defects in the content and structure of glucuronoxylan conferred by the parvus mutation. These findings suggest that PoGT8E and PoGT8F are involved in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis during wood formation in poplar. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Teng, Quincy; Huang, Wenlin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1982 EP 1987 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcp131 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 520DN UT WOS:000271820300012 PM 19789274 ER PT J AU Knight, AW Little, S Houck, K Dix, D Judson, R Richard, A McCarroll, N Akerman, G Yang, CH Birrell, L Walmsley, RM AF Knight, Andrew W. Little, Stephen Houck, Keith Dix, David Judson, Richard Richard, Ann McCarroll, Nancy Akerman, Gregory Yang, Chihae Birrell, Louise Walmsley, Richard M. TI Evaluation of high-throughput genotoxicity assays used in profiling the US EPA ToxCast (TM) chemicals SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Genotoxicity; In vitro; High-throughput screening; ToxCast; Pesticides; Hazard assessment; GreenScreen HC; CellCiphr; CellSensor; p53; GADD45 alpha ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; TEST SYSTEM; GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; DRUG DISCOVERY; SOS/UMU-TEST; CELL-LINE; TOXICITY; TESTS; MUTAGENS AB Three high-throughput screening (HTS) genotoxicity assays-GreenScreen HC GADD45a-GFP (Gentronix Ltd.), CellCiphr p53 (Cellumen Inc.) and CellSensor p53RE-bla (Invitrogen Corp.)-were used to analyze the collection of 320 predominantly pesticide active compounds being tested in Phase I of US. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast (TM) research project. Between 9% and 12% of compounds were positive for genotoxicity in the assays. However, results of the varied tests only partially overlapped, suggesting a strategy of combining data from a battery of assays. The HTS results were compared to mutagenicity (Ames) and animal tumorigenicity data. Overall, the HTS assays demonstrated low sensitivity for rodent tumorigens, likely due to: screening at a low concentration, coverage of selected genotoxic mechanisms, lack of metabolic activation and difficulty detecting non-genotoxic carcinogens. Conversely, HTS results demonstrated high specificity, >88%. Overall concordance of the HTS assays with tumorigenicity data was low, around 50% for all tumorigens, but increased to 74-78% (vs. 60% for Ames) for those compounds producing tumors in rodents at multiple sites and, thus, more likely genotoxic carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of HTS assays to identify potential genotoxicity hazard in the larger context of the ToxCast project, to aid prioritization of environmentally relevant chemicals for further testing and assessment of carcinogenicity risk to humans. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved C1 [Knight, Andrew W.; Birrell, Louise; Walmsley, Richard M.] Gentronix Ltd, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England. [Little, Stephen; Houck, Keith; Dix, David; Judson, Richard; Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol D343 03, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McCarroll, Nancy; Akerman, Gregory] US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Yang, Chihae] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Food Addit Safety HFS 275, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Knight, AW (reprint author), Gentronix Ltd, CFF Bldg,46 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England. EM andrew.knight@gentronix.co.uk OI Birrell, Louise/0000-0003-0688-2342 NR 60 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.07.004 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 507OF UT WOS:000270863300009 PM 19591892 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Stockton, PS Sieber, S Foley, J Portier, CJ AF Gohlke, Julia M. Stockton, Pat S. Sieber, Stella Foley, Julie Portier, Christopher J. TI AhR-mediated gene expression in the developing mouse telencephalon SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurodevelopment; Gene expression; Bioinformatics; TCDD; Dioxin; Neurotoxicity ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; ABNORMAL LIVER DEVELOPMENT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; RAT CEREBELLUM; RETINOIC ACID AB We hypothesize that TCDD-induced developmental neurotoxicity is modulated through an AhR-dependent interaction with key regulatory neuronal differentiation pathways during telencephalon development. To test this hypothesis we examined global gene expression in both dorsal and ventral telencephalon tissues in E13.5 AhR-/- and wildtype mice exposed to TCDD or vehicle. Consistent with previous biochemical, pathological and behavioral studies, our results suggest TCDD initiated changes in gene expression in the developing telencephalon are primarily AhR-dependent, as no statistically significant gene expression changes are evident after TCDD exposure in AhR-/- mice. Based on a gene regulatory network for neuronal specification in the developing telencephalon, the present analysis suggests differentiation of GABAergic neurons in the ventral telencephalon is compromised in TCDD exposed and AhR-/- mice. In addition, our analysis suggests Sox11 may be directly regulated by AhR based on gene expression and comparative genomics analyses. In conclusion, this analysis supports the hypothesis that AhR has a specific role in the normal development of the telencephalon and provides a mechanistic framework for neurodevelopmental toxicity of chemicals that perturb AhR signaling. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gohlke, Julia M.; Portier, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Syst Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stockton, Pat S.; Foley, Julie] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Environm Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Portier, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Syst Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM portier@niehs.nih.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.05.067 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 514YS UT WOS:000271433400004 PM 19465110 ER PT J AU Latendresse, JR Bucci, TJ Olson, G Mellick, P Weis, CC Thorn, B Newbold, RR Delclos, KB AF Latendresse, John R. Bucci, Thomas J. Olson, Greg Mellick, Paul Weis, Constance C. Thorn, Brett Newbold, Retha R. Delclos, K. Barry TI Genistein and ethinyl estradiol dietary exposure in multigenerational and chronic studies induce similar proliferative lesions in mammary gland of male Sprague-Dawley rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Genistein; Ethinyl estradiol; Rat; Multigenerational; Reproductive toxicity; Mammary gland toxicity; Soy-free diet; Endocrine disrupter ID GUIDELINE NO. 407; CD BR RATS; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; CELL HYPERPLASIA; SOY ISOFLAVONES; DRAFT PROTOCOL; ORAL TOXICITY; MICE; ESTROGENS; ETHINYLESTRADIOL AB Genistein and ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were examined in multigenerational reproductive and 2-yr chronic toxicity studies with different exposure durations across generations F-0 through F-4. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to genistein (0, 5, 100, or 500ppm) or EE2 (0, 2, 10, or 50ppb). Effects in the male mammary gland are described here. In the multigeneration studies, mammary hyperplasia was induced by both compounds; the chronic studies had a lower incidence, without proportionate neoplasia. Sexual dimorphism (predominant tubuloalveolar growth in females and lobuloalveolar in males) was retained without feminization in high dose genistein or EE2. In the continuously exposed generations, mammary hyperplasia was sustained but not amplified, appeared morphologically similar across all generations, and was not carried over into unexposed offspring of previously exposed generations. The hyperplasia in male rats was similar whether induced by genistein or EE2. Results substantiate and extend previous reports that mammary gland hyperplasia in the male rat is one of the most sensitive markers of estrogenic endocrine disruption. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Latendresse, John R.; Bucci, Thomas J.; Olson, Greg; Mellick, Paul] Toxicol Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Weis, Constance C.; Thorn, Brett; Delclos, K. Barry] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Latendresse, JR (reprint author), Toxicol Pathol Associates, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM john.latendresse@fda.hhs.gov RI Olson, Gregory/B-7529-2009 FU Interagency Agreement IAG [224-07-007]; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by Interagency Agreement IAG 224-07-007 between the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences. The extensive and expert technical assistance of the NCTR support staff in providing diet preparation, chemical analysis, animal care, computer support, and pathology services for these studies is gratefully acknowledged. The views presented in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. NR 59 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.04.006 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 514YS UT WOS:000271433400007 PM 19383540 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Solomon, HM Clark, R Shiota, K Barbellion, S Buschmann, J Ema, M Fujiwara, M Grote, K Hazelden, KP Hew, KW Horimoto, M Ooshima, Y Parkinson, M Wise, LD AF Makris, Susan L. Solomon, Howard M. Clark, Ruth Shiota, Kohei Barbellion, Stephane Buschmann, Jochen Ema, Makoto Fujiwara, Michio Grote, Konstanze Hazelden, Keith P. Hew, Kok Wah Horimoto, Masao Ooshima, Yojiro Parkinson, Meg Wise, L. David TI Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (version 2) SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental toxicology glossary; Developmental toxicology nomenclature; Developmental toxicology terminology; External abnormalities; Skeletal abnormalities; Visceral abnormalities ID RIBS AB This update (version 2) of the Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (version 1) by Wise et al. [Wise LD, Beck SL, Beltrame D, Beyer BK, Chahoud 1, Clark RL, Clark R, Druga AM, Fueston MH, Guittin P, Henwood SM, Kimmel CA, Lindstrom P, Palmer AK, Petrere JA, Solomon HM, Yasuda M, York RG. Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (version 1). Teratology 1997:55:249-92] incorporates improvements and enhancements to both content and organization of the terminology, to enable greater flexibility in its application, while maintaining a consistent approach to the description of findings. The revisions are the result of an international collaboration among interested organizations, advised by individual experts and the outcomes of several workshops. The terminology remains organized into tables under the broad categories of external, visceral, and skeletal observations, following the manner in which data are typically collected and recorded in developmental toxicity studies. This arrangement of the tables, as well as other information provided in appendices, is intended to facilitate the process of specimen evaluation at the laboratory bench level. Only the commonly used laboratory mammals (i.e., rats, mice, rabbits) are addressed in the current terminology tables. The inclusion of other species that are used in developmental toxicity testing, such as primates, is considered outside the scope of the present update. Similarly, categorization of findings as. for example, "malformation" or "variation" remains unaddressed, in accordance with the overall principle that the focus of this document is descriptive terminology and not diagnosis/interpretation. The skeletal terms have been augmented to accommodate cartilage findings. (C) 2009 European Teratology Society, The Teratology Society, and The Japanese Teratology Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Solomon, Howard M.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Shiota, Kohei] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Barbellion, Stephane] Sanofi Aventis R&D, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Buschmann, Jochen] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. [Ema, Makoto] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Fujiwara, Michio] Astellas Pharma Inc, Osaka, Japan. [Grote, Konstanze] Charite, Berlin, Germany. [Hazelden, Keith P.] MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, England. [Hew, Kok Wah] Takeda Global Res & Dev Inc, Lake Forest, IL USA. [Horimoto, Masao] Chiba Inst Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Ooshima, Yojiro] Sin Nippon Biomed Labs Ltd, Kagoshima, Japan. [Wise, L. David] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. RP Makris, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM makris.susan@epa.gov NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 371 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.06.010 PG 64 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 514YS UT WOS:000271433400011 PM 19729062 ER PT J AU Baker, JF Ghio, AJ AF Baker, Joshua F. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Iron homoeostasis in rheumatic disease SO RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Iron; Inflammation; Rheumatoid arthritis; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Gout ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RECOMBINANT-HUMAN-ERYTHROPOIETIN; BLOOD-CELL TRANSFUSION; INTRAVENOUS IRON; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; SERUM FERRITIN; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; T-CELLS; ARTHRITIS; ANEMIA AB Iron is critical in nearly all cell functions and the ability of a cell, tissue and organism to procure this metal is obligatory for survival. Iron is necessary for normal immune function, and relative iron deficiency is associated with mild immunosuppression. Concentrations of this metal in excess of those required for function can present both an oxidative stress and elevate risks for infection. As a result, the human has evolved to have a complex mechanism of regulating iron and limiting its availability. This homoeostasis can be disrupted. Autoimmune diseases and gout often present with abnormal iron homoeostasis, thus supporting a participation of the metal in these injuries. We review the role of iron in normal immune function and discuss both clinical evidence of altered iron homoeostasis in autoimmune diseases and gout as well as possible implications of both depletion and supplementation of this metal in this patient population. We conclude that altered iron homoeostasis may represent a purposeful response to inflammation that could have theoretical anti-inflammatory benefits. We encourage physicians to avoid routine iron supplementation in those without depleted iron stores. C1 [Baker, Joshua F.] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Baker, JF (reprint author), Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, 5 Maloney Bldg,Suite 504,3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bakerjo@uphs.upenn.edu NR 66 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-0324 J9 RHEUMATOLOGY JI RHEUMATOLOGY PD NOV PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1339 EP 1344 DI 10.1093/rheumatology/kep221 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 516XW UT WOS:000271577700003 PM 19628641 ER PT J AU Fristachi, A Xu, Y Rice, G Impellitteri, CA Carlson-Lynch, H Little, JC AF Fristachi, Anthony Xu, Ying Rice, Glenn Impellitteri, Christopher A. Carlson-Lynch, Heather Little, John C. TI Using Probabilistic Modeling to Evaluate Human Exposure to Organotin in Drinking Water Transported by Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Drinking water; exposure assessment; leaching; organotin; probabilistic; PVC pipe ID SPECIATION AB The leaching of organotin (OT) heat stabilizers from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes used in residential drinking water systems may affect the quality of drinking water. These OTs, principally mono- and di-substituted species of butyltins andmethyltins, are a potential health concern because they belong to a broad class of compounds that may be immune, nervous, and reproductive system toxicants. In this article, we develop probability distributions of U. S. population exposures to mixtures of OTs encountered in drinking water transported by PVC pipes. We employed a family of mathematical models to estimate OT leaching rates from PVC pipe as a function of both surface area and time. We then integrated the distribution of estimated leaching rates into an exposure model that estimated the probability distribution of OT concentrations in tap waters and the resulting potential human OT exposures via tap water consumption. Our study results suggest that human OT exposures through tap water consumption are likely to be considerably lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) "safe" long-term concentration in drinking water (150 mu g/L) for dibutyltin (DBT)-the most toxic of the OT considered in this article. The 90th percentile average daily dose (ADD) estimate of 0.034 +/- 2.92 x 10(-4) mu g/kg day is approximately 120 times lower than the WHO-based ADD for DBT (4.2 mu g/kg day). C1 [Fristachi, Anthony] Battelle Stat & Informat Anal, Columbus, OH USA. [Xu, Ying] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civi Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rice, Glenn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Carlson-Lynch, Heather] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. [Little, John C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Fristachi, A (reprint author), POB 8086, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM antaknee@gmail.com RI Little, John/B-4154-2009; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S Department of Energy, U.S EPA; U.S. EPA [EP07C000-105, EP07C000-106] FX The authors would like to express their appreciation to Jason Lambert, John Lipscomb Glenn Suter, and Linda Teuschler of U.S EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment in Cincinnati for many insightful discussions during the preparation of this article. We thank Rich Johnson of Rohm and Hass and Otis Evans of U.S EPA/NHRML for their comments during the development of the leaching rate model. We also thank Cris Broyles of Intellitech Systems for technical editing of the article. Two anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that greatly improved this article. Mr. Fristachi was partially supported through an appointment to the Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an Interagency Agreement between the U.S Department of Energy and the U.S EPA. Drs. Little and Xu were supported by U.S. EPA contracts EP07C000-105 and 106. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1615 EP 1628 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01307.x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 510CJ UT WOS:000271065300013 PM 19886947 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Stromberger, ME Paschke, MW Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Stromberger, M. E. Paschke, M. W. Brobst, R. B. TI Water Treatment Residuals and Biosolids Long-Term Co-Applications Effects to Semi-Arid Grassland Soils and Vegetation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; 2 RANGE GRASSES; PHOSPHORUS IMMOBILIZATION; AMENDED SOILS; GROWTH; SLUDGE; PLANT; SPECTROSCOPY; SORBENT AB Water treatment residuals (WTRs) and biosolids are byproducts from municipal water treatment processes. Both byproducts have been studied separately for land application benefits. There are possible environmental benefits of WTRs and biosolids co-application but these studies are limited. Our objectives were to determine relative long-term (13-15 yr) effects of a single and short-term (2-4 yr) effects of repeated WTR-biosolids co-applications on soil chemistry microbiology, and plant community structure in a Colorado semiarid grassland. Only relative changes associated between co-applications were studied, as we assumed WTR application would only occur if used as a management practice. Three WTR rates (5, 10, and 21 Mg ha(-1)) were surface co-applied (no incorporation) with a single biosolids rate (10 Mg ha-1) once in 1991 (long-term plots) and again in 2002 (short-term plots). Soil 0- to 8-, 8- to 15-, and 15- to 30-cm depth pH, electrical conductivity (EC), NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, total C, and total N were not affected by WTR application in 2004, 2005, or 2006. Ammonium-bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)- extractable soil Al was unaffected by WTR application, but extractable P and Mo decreased with increasing WTR rate because of WTR adsorption. Plant tissue P and Mo content decreased with specific plant species and years due to adsorption to WTR; no deficiency symptoms were observed. Plant community composition and cover were largely unaffected by WTR application. Soil microbial community structure was unaffected by WTR co-application rate (total ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester [EL-FAME] concentrations ranged from 33.4 to 54.8 nmol g(-1) soil), although time since biosolids-WTR application affected a subset of microbial Community fatty acids including markers for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, WTR-biosolids co-applications did not adversely affect semiarid grassland ecosystem dynamics. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Barbarick, K. A.; Stromberger, M. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paschke, M. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Stromberger, Mary/C-3070-2013; Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Stromberger, Mary/0000-0002-5862-2932; Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 FU USEPA [CP978001-01]; City of Fort Collins, CO FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledges USEPA Region 8 (Grant #CP978001-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We also thank Ms. Brittany Willett for the EL-FAME extractions. We additionally thank the City of Fort Collins, CO, for their continued support of this project. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1880 EP 1889 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0352 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700015 ER PT J AU Simmons, SO AF Simmons, Steven O. TI Hypoxia Response: A Model Toxicity Pathway for High-Throughput Screening SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Simmons, SO (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM simmons.steve@epa.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp193 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 514IO UT WOS:000271387900001 PM 19729555 ER PT J AU Laws, SC Hotchkiss, M Ferrell, J Jayaraman, S Mills, L Modic, W Tinfo, N Fraites, M Stoker, T Cooper, R AF Laws, Susan C. Hotchkiss, Michelle Ferrell, Janet Jayaraman, Saro Mills, Lesley Modic, Walker Tinfo, Nicole Fraites, Melanie Stoker, Tammy Cooper, Ralph TI Chlorotriazine Herbicides and Metabolites Activate an ACTH-dependent Release of Corticosterone in Male Wistar Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; simazine; propazine; adrenal; steroidogenesis; ACTH; corticosterone ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ATRAZINE; PLASMA; PROGESTERONE; DISPOSITION AB Previously, we reported that atrazine (ATR) alters steroidogenesis in male Wistar rats resulting in elevated serum corticosterone (CORT), progesterone, and estrogens. The increase in CORT indicated that this chlorotriazine herbicide may alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This study characterizes the temporal changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), CORT, and P4 in male Wistar rats following a single dose of ATR (0, 5, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), simazine (SIM; 188 mg/kg), propazine (PRO; 213 mg/kg), or primary metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA; 4, 10, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg), deethylatrazine (DEA; 173 mg/kg), and diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT; 3.37, 33.7, 67.5, and 135 mg/kg). The maximum dose for each chemical was the molar equivalent of ATR (200 mg/kg). Significant increases in plasma ACTH were observed within 15 min, following exposure to ATR, SIM, PRO, DIA, or DEA. Dose-dependent elevations in CORT and progesterone were also observed at 15 and 30 min post-dosing with these compounds indicating an activation of adrenal steroidogenesis. Measurement of the plasma concentrations of the parent compounds and metabolites confirmed that ATR, SIM, and PRO are rapidly metabolized to DACT. Although DACT had only minimal effects on ACTH and steroid release, dosing with this metabolite resulted in plasma DACT concentrations that were 60-fold greater than that observed following an equimolar dose of ATR and eightfold greater than equimolar doses of DIA or DEA, indicating that DACT is not likely the primary inducer of ACTH release. Thus, the rapid release of ACTH and subsequent activation of adrenal steroidogenesis following a single exposure to ATR, SIM, PRO, DIA, or DEA may reflect chlorotriazine-induced changes at the level of the brain and/or pituitary. C1 [Laws, Susan C.; Hotchkiss, Michelle; Ferrell, Janet; Fraites, Melanie; Stoker, Tammy; Cooper, Ralph] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jayaraman, Saro; Mills, Lesley] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Modic, Walker; Tinfo, Nicole] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Laws, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 72, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM laws.susan@epa.gov NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp190 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 514IO UT WOS:000271387900008 PM 19690231 ER PT J AU Fraites, MJP Cooper, RL Buckalew, A Jayaraman, S Mills, L Laws, SC AF Fraites, Melanie J. P. Cooper, Ralph L. Buckalew, Angela Jayaraman, Saro Mills, Lesley Laws, Susan C. TI Characterization of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to Atrazine and Metabolites in the Female Rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; desisopropylatrazine; diamino-s-chlorotriazine; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; ACTH; corticosterone; progesterone ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; AROMATASE CYP19 ACTIVITY; S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION AB Atrazine (ATR) has recently been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in rodents. The current study investigated the effect of ATR and two of its chlorinated metabolites, desisopropylatrazine (DIA) and diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT), on the HPA axis in the Long-Evans female rat. A single oral gavage administration of 75 mg/kg ATR or 60.2 mg/kg DIA (a dose equimolar to the applied ATR dose) during the morning of proestrus resulted in significant, acute increases in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, and progesterone. Oral doses of ATR or DIA were given daily over the course of the 4-day ovarian cycle starting on the day of vaginal estrus, resulted in a similar, dose-responsive activation of the HPA axis. The increase in ACTH, corticosterone, and progesterone by these compounds was of a similar magnitude to that produced by 5-min restraint stress. Single or multiple oral exposures to DACT, on the other hand, did not significantly alter pituitary-adrenal hormone release. These results were observed despite plasma levels of DACT being higher than any other metabolite at the time of hormone measurement. Overall, circulating metabolite concentrations following equimolar dosing were much higher than those observed after ATR administration. Additional studies indicated that the activation of the HPA axis by oral exposure to ATR and DIA was not due simply to the stimulation of gastrointestinal afferents. Similar responses were observed in rats which received an oral dose of ATR following bilateral subdiaphramatic vagotomy and following intravenous administration of DIA in jugular vein catheterized animals. We conclude that ATR and the metabolite DIA significantly activate the HPA axis following oral exposure in the female rat. Activation of this endocrine axis by these chlorotriazines could contribute to the induced changes of female reproductive function reported previously. C1 [Fraites, Melanie J. P.; Cooper, Ralph L.; Buckalew, Angela; Laws, Susan C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jayaraman, Saro; Mills, Lesley] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Fraites, MJP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 72, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fraites.melanie@epa.gov NR 75 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp194 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 514IO UT WOS:000271387900009 PM 19710361 ER PT J AU Xia, MH Huang, RL Sun, Y Semenza, GL Aldred, SF Witt, KL Inglese, J Tice, RR Austin, CP AF Xia, Menghang Huang, Ruili Sun, Yi Semenza, Gregg L. Aldred, Shelley Force Witt, Kristine L. Inglese, James Tice, Raymond R. Austin, Christopher P. TI Identification of Chemical Compounds that Induce HIF-1 alpha Activity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cobalt sulfate heptahydrate; 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin; 7; 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracence; HIF-1 alpha; inducers; iodochlorohydroxyquinoline; NTP 1408 compound library; o-phenanthroline; qHTS ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR-I; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; ASPARAGINE HYDROXYLATION; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; FACTOR 1-ALPHA; LOW-OXYGEN; HIF-ALPHA; HYPOXIA AB Cellular metabolism depends on the availability of oxygen and the major regulator of oxygen homeostasis is hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a highly conserved transcription factor that plays an essential role in cellular and systemic homeostatic responses to hypoxia. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of hypoxia-inducible HIF-1 alpha and constitutively expressed HIF-1 beta. Under hypoxic conditions, the two subunits dimerize, allowing translocation of the HIF-1 complex to the nucleus where it binds to hypoxia-response elements (HREs) and activates expression of target genes implicated in angiogenesis, cell growth, and survival. The HIF-1 pathway is essential to normal growth and development, and is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer, inflammation, and ischemia. Thus, there is considerable interest in identifying compounds that modulate the HIF-1 signaling pathway. To assess the ability of environmental chemicals to stimulate the HIF-1 signaling pathway, we screened a National Toxicology Program collection of 1408 compounds using a cell-based beta-lactamase HRE reporter gene assay in a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) format. Twelve active compounds were identified. These compounds were tested in a confirmatory assay for induction of vascular endothelial growth factor, a known hypoxia target gene, and confirmed compounds were further tested for their ability to mimic the effect of a reduced-oxygen environment on hypoxia-regulated promoter activity. Based on this testing strategy, three compounds (o-phenanthroline, iodochlorohydroxyquinoline, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate) were confirmed as hypoxia mimetics, whereas two compounds (7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracence) were found to interact with HIF-1 in a manner different from hypoxia. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of qHTS in combination with secondary assays for identification of HIF-1 alpha inducers and for distinguishing among inducers based on their pattern of activated hypoxic target genes. Identification of environmental compounds having HIF-1 alpha activation activity in cell-based assays may be useful for prioritizing chemicals for further testing as hypoxia-response inducers in vivo. C1 [Xia, Menghang; Huang, Ruili; Inglese, James; Austin, Christopher P.] NIH, Chem Genom Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sun, Yi] Univ Michigan, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Semenza, Gregg L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Vasc Biol Program,Inst Cell Engn,Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Semenza, Gregg L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Vasc Biol Program,Inst Cell Engn,Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Semenza, Gregg L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Vasc Biol Program,Inst Cell Engn,Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Semenza, Gregg L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Vasc Biol Program,Inst Cell Engn,Dept Radiat Onco, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Aldred, Shelley Force] SwitchGear Genom, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Witt, Kristine L.; Tice, Raymond R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Xia, MH (reprint author), NIH, Chem Genom Ctr, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mxia@mail.nih.gov FU National Toxicology Program [Y2-ES-7020-01]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Molecular Libraries Program [U54MH084681] FX Intramural Research Programs (NIH Interagency agreement # Y2-ES-7020-01) of the National Toxicology Program; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health (NIH); and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Molecular Libraries Program (U54MH084681). NR 43 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 112 IS 1 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp123 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 514IO UT WOS:000271387900015 PM 19502547 ER PT J AU Ssegane, H Tollner, EW McCutcheon, SC AF Ssegane, H. Tollner, E. W. McCutcheon, S. C. TI RIPARIAN SEDIMENT DELIVERY RATIO: STIFF DIAGRAMS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Artificial neural network; Deposition; Erosion; Filter strips; Grass filters; Logistic function; Riparian buffers; Sediment delivery ratio; Sediment yield; Stiff diagram ID BACKPROPAGATION LEARNING ALGORITHM; VEGETATED FILTER STRIPS; SOIL-EROSION MODEL; SIMULATED RAINFALL; GRASSED WATERWAYS; OVERLAND-FLOW; RUNOFF; BUFFERS; PREDICTION; TRANSPORT AB Various methods are used to estimate sediment transport through riparian buffers and grass filters, with the sediment delivery ratio having been the most widely applied. The U.S. Forest Service developed a sediment delivery ratio using the stiff diagram and a logistic curve to integrate some of the factors influencing sediment delivery heuristically. This study independently tested the Forest Service sediment delivery ratio contrasted with artificial neural networks to represent the multiple nonlinearities between important factors and sediment delivery. The Forest Service sediment delivery ratio was not adequate when compared to published sediment yields front 30 small experimental buffers front three countries, including four forested buffers. However, artificial neural networks gave estimates of the delivery ratio that were highly correlated to the observations. The 30 buffer observations produced such good estimates of the sediment delivery ratio with both seven and five buffer parameters that this study suggests that as few as 30 sediment yield observations can be the basis for applying neural networks to interpolate the complex, multiple nonlinearities of hydrology and sediment transport on riparian buffers. C1 [Ssegane, H.; Tollner, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McCutcheon, S. C.] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McCutcheon, S. C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Btollner@engr.uga.edu RI Ssegane, Herbert/K-8098-2014 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1885 EP 1893 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 546SQ UT WOS:000273832300006 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Tingey, DT Waschmann, RS Phillips, DL Olszyk, DM Johnson, MG Hogsett, WE AF Lee, E. Henry Tingey, David T. Waschmann, Ronald S. Phillips, Donald L. Olszyk, David M. Johnson, Mark G. Hogsett, William E. TI Seasonal and long-term effects of CO2 and O-3 on water loss in ponderosa pine and their interaction with climate and soil moisture SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy conductance; carbon dioxide; evapotranspiration; ozone ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; AIR-POLLUTANTS; OZONE; RESPONSES; PLANT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is driven by evaporative demand, available solar energy and soil moisture (SM) as well as by plant physiological activity which may be substantially affected by elevated CO2 and O-3. A multi-year study was conducted in outdoor sunlit-controlled environment mesocosm containing ponderosa pine seedlings growing in a reconstructed soil-litter system. The study used a 2 x 2 factorial design with two concentrations of CO2 (ambient and elevated), two levels of O-3 (low and high) and three replicates of each treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of chronic exposure to elevated CO2 and O-3, alone and in combination, on daily ET. This study evaluated three hypotheses: (i) because elevated CO2 stimulates stomatal closure, O-3 effects on ET will be less under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2; (ii) elevated CO2 will ameliorate the long-term effects of O-3 on ET; and (iii) because conductance (g) decreases with decreasing SM, the impacts of elevated CO2 and O-3, alone and in combination, on water loss via g will be greater in early summer when SM is not limiting than to other times of the year. A mixed-model covariance analysis was used to adjust the daily ET for seasonality and the effects of SM and photosynthetically active radiation when testing for the effects of CO2 and O-3 on ET via the vapor pressure deficit gradient. The empirical results indicated that the interactive stresses of elevated CO2 and O-3 resulted in a lesser reduction in ET via reduced canopy conductance than the sum of the individual effects of each gas. CO2-induced reductions in ET were more pronounced when trees were physiologically most active. O-3-induced reductions in ET under ambient CO2 were likely transpirational changes via reduced conductance because needle area and root biomass were not affected by exposures to elevated O-3 in this study. C1 [Lee, E. Henry; Tingey, David T.; Waschmann, Ronald S.; Phillips, Donald L.; Olszyk, David M.; Johnson, Mark G.; Hogsett, William E.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lee.ehenry@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The research described in this article has been supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This research has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Howard Neufeld and Mike Unsworth for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1381 EP 1393 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp071 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510SA UT WOS:000271110400007 PM 19748912 ER PT J AU Auer, C Frederick, R AF Auer, Carol Frederick, Robert TI Crop improvement using small RNAs: applications and predictive ecological risk assessments SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; INTERFERENCE; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS AB Crops can be modified by engineering novel RNA interference (RNAi) pathways that create small RNA molecules to alter gene expression in crops or plant pests. RNAi can generate new crop quality traits or provide protection against insects, nematodes and pathogens without introducing new proteins into food and feed products. As a result, stakeholders and regulators need to construct credible ecological risk assessments (ERAs) that characterize potential exposure pathways and hazards for RNAi crops, including off-target effects, non-target effects and impacts from genetic mutations and polymorphisms. New methods are needed to identify RNAi crops and measure the environmental persistence of small RNAs. With some modifications, it seems likely that current ERA frameworks can be applied to most crops engineered through RNAi. C1 [Auer, Carol] Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Frederick, Robert] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Auer, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM carol.auer@uconn.edu NR 71 TC 48 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 27 IS 11 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.08.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 519HO UT WOS:000271756000007 PM 19796832 ER PT J AU Hard, GC Flake, GP Sills, RC AF Hard, G. C. Flake, G. P. Sills, R. C. TI Re-evaluation of Kidney Histopathology from 13-Week Toxicity and Two-Year Carcinogenicity Studies of Melamine in the F344 Rat: Morphologic Evidence of Retrograde Nephropathy SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascending nephropathy; melamine; pyelonephritis; rat kidney; reflux nephropathy; retrograde nephropathy ID EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS; VESICOURETERAL REFLUX; URINARY-INFECTION; URETERAL REFLUX; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CYANURIC ACID; RENAL-FAILURE; PATHOGENESIS; CATS; DOGS AB The histopathologic changes induced in F344 rat kidney by oral administration of melamine for 13-week and 2-year periods in studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program, NIH,(25) from 1976 to 1983 have been re-evaluated and described in detail. A constellation of tubule changes extending from papilla to cortex consistently included tubule dilatation and tubule basophilia as salient features at the subchronic time point. By 2 years, these lesions had usually resolved into fibrotic scars, in which tubule loss and collagen deposition were prominent, running from superficial cortex into the medulla. These fibrotic lesions required discrimination from chronic scars resulting from infarcts and foci of chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN). A case is presented here for interpreting the constellation of histologic changes induced in rats by melamine as representing an ascending form of nephropathy. The term retrograde nephropathy is considered to be the appropriate nomenclature for both the acute and chronic lesions. The cause for the reflux, emanating from the lower urinary tract, appeared not to be infection as an inflammatory response was not prominent. It can be speculated that melamine precipitation in the lower urinary tract created pressure effects through transient obstruction leading to the renal changes. These changes were different from those involved in a major US outbreak of renal disease and death in cats and dogs associated with triazine-contaminated pet food, in which crystalluria from insoluble melamine/cyanuric acid complexes occurred in the kidney. However, the rat findings may be relevant to melamine-associated kidney disease recently reported in infants in China. C1 [Flake, G. P.; Sills, R. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hard, GC (reprint author), 203 Paku Dr, Tairua 3508, New Zealand. EM gordonhard@msn.com FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH [NO1-ES-95435] FX The preparation of this manuscript was supported by Federal funds from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, under contract NO1-ES-95435 to Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL) Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One author (GCH) is very grateful to Drs. Jerry Hardisty and Mel Hamlin of EPL, and to Dr. Ron Herbert, NIEHS, for the opportunity to work on this project. The authors acknowledge Maureen Puccini and Emily Singletary of EPL for their expert assistance with photography, and Nancy Harris (EPL) for special histologic staining of kidney tissue. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1248 EP 1257 DI 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0317-F-FL PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 519XA UT WOS:000271801600026 PM 19605901 ER PT J AU Chern, EC Brenner, KP Wymer, L Haugland, RA AF Chern, Eunice C. Brenner, Kristen P. Wymer, Larry Haugland, Richard A. TI Comparison of Fecal Indicator Bacteria Densities in Marine Recreational Waters by QPCR SO WATER QUALITY EXPOSURE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Cell equivalents; Fecal indicator bacteria; qPCR; Sequence copies; Marine water AB The US EPA is currently investigating the use of quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis techniques to estimate densities of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in recreational waters. Present water quality guidelines, based on culturable FIB, prevent same day water quality determination, whereas results from qPCR-based approaches are available within several hours. Epidemiological studies at Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTW)-impacted freshwater beaches have also indicated correlations between qPCR determined Enterococcus densities and swimming-related illness rates. Similar qPCR assays are now available for several other accepted or emerging FIB groups. This study provides an initial assessment of qPCR estimated Enterococcus, Bacteroidales, E. coli and Clostridium spp. densities in marine water and sand samples collected over one summer from two POTW-impacted recreational beaches. Relative target sequence densities of these organisms in the samples did not correspond with their relative estimated cell densities. These observations were attributable to differences in target sequences recovered from the calibrator cells of the different types of organisms. Comparative cycle threshold (CT) qPCR analyses of whole cell calibrator samples provide a simple and standardizable approach for estimating both total cell and target sequence densities of different types of FIB in water. Cell density estimates obtained by this approach are subject to uncertainty due to potential variability in absolute numbers of target sequences in the target organisms under different physiological or environmental conditions, but still may allow for informative comparisons with the target sequence estimates. C1 [Chern, Eunice C.; Brenner, Kristen P.; Wymer, Larry; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1658 EI 1876-1666 J9 WATER QUAL EXPOS HEA JI Water Qual. Expos. Health PD NOV PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s12403-009-0019-2 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V35HD UT WOS:000209140100007 ER PT J AU Varma, M Field, R Stinson, M Rukovets, B Wymer, L Hauglanda, R AF Varma, M. Field, R. Stinson, M. Rukovets, B. Wymer, L. Hauglanda, R. TI Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of total and propidium monoazide-resistant fecal indicator bacteria in wastewater SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quantitative PCR; Propidium monoazide; Enterococcus; Bacteroidales; Wastewater treatment efficacy ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ETHIDIUM MONOAZIDE; DEAD CELLS; QUANTIFICATION; VIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; DISINFECTION; ADENOVIRUSES; COMBINATION; PATHOGENS AB A real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method and a modification of this method incorporating pretreatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA) were evaluated for respective analyses of total and presumptively viable Enterococcus and Bacteroidales fecal indicator bacteria. These methods were used in the analyses of wastewater samples to investigate their feasibility as alternatives to current fecal indicator bacteria culture methods for predicting the efficiency of viral pathogen removal by standard treatment processes. PMA treatment was effective in preventing qPCR detection of target sequences from non-viable cells. Concentrates of small volume, secondary-treated wastewater samples, collected from a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) under normal operating conditions, had little influence on this effectiveness. Higher levels of total suspended solids, such as those associated with normal primary treatment and all treatment stages during storm flow events, appeared to interfere with PMA effectiveness under the sample preparation conditions employed. During normal operating conditions at three different POTWs, greater reductions were observed in PMA-qPCR detectable target sequences of both Enterococcus and Bacteroidales than in total qPCR detectable sequences. These reductions were not as great as those observed for cultivable fecal indicator bacteria in response to wastewater disinfection. Reductions of PMA-qPCR as well as total qPCR detectable target sequences from enterococci and, to a lesser extent, Bacteroidales correlated well with reductions in infectious viruses during both normal and storm flow operating conditions and therefore may have predictive value in determining the efficiency at which these pathogens are removed. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Varma, M.; Wymer, L.; Hauglanda, R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Field, R.; Stinson, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ USA. [Rukovets, B.] Interstate Environm Commiss, New York, NY USA. RP Hauglanda, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer review and has been approved as an EPA publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA for use. NR 31 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 4790 EP 4801 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 523FH UT WOS:000272057000003 PM 19540546 ER PT J AU Telech, JW Brenner, KP Haugland, R Sams, E Dufour, AP Wymer, L Wade, TJ AF Telech, Justin W. Brenner, Kristen P. Haugland, Rich Sams, Elizabeth Dufour, Alfred P. Wymer, Larry Wade, Timothy J. TI Modeling Enterococcus densities measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and membrane filtration using environmental conditions at four Great Lakes beaches SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE QPCR; Membrane filtration; Enterococcus; Great Lakes; Liner regression ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; PCR; PERSISTENCE; ILLNESS AB Data collected by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during the summer months of 2003 and 2004 at four US Great Lakes beaches were analyzed using linear regression analysis to identify relationships between meteorological, physical water characteristics, and beach characteristics data and the fecal indicator bacteria, Enterococcus. Water samples were analyzed for Enterococcus densities by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and membrane filtration (MF). This paper investigates the ability of regression models to accurately predict Enterococcus densities above or below a threshold value, using environmental data on a beach-by-beach basis for both methods. The ability to create statistical models for real-time water quality analysis would allow beach managers to make more accurate decisions regarding beach safety. Results from linear regression models indicate that environmental factors explain more of the variability in Enterococcus densities measured by MF than Enterococcus densities measured by qPCR. Results also show that models for both methods did not perform well at predicting occurrences in which water quality levels exceeded a threshold. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Telech, Justin W.; Sams, Elizabeth; Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brenner, Kristen P.; Haugland, Rich; Dufour, Alfred P.; Wymer, Larry] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Telech, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD 58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM telech.justin@epamail.epa.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 4947 EP 4955 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 523FH UT WOS:000272057000019 PM 19651425 ER PT J AU Sayenko, EM Bogatov, VV Zaykin, DV AF Sayenko, E. M. Bogatov, V. V. Zaykin, D. V. TI ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE FAR EASTERN KUNASHIRIA AND ARSENIEVINAIA GENERA (BIVALVIA, UNIONIDAE) SO ZOOLOGICHESKY ZHURNAL LA Russian DT Article ID UNIONIFORMES; ANODONTINAE; PRIMORYE AB Based on the analysis of anodontin shells, soft parts and glochidia morphology, the synonymy is proved: Kunashiria Starobogatov in Zatrawkin 1983 = Arsenievinaia Zatrawkin et Bogatov 1987; Kunashiria haconensis (Ihering 1893) = Arsenievinaia sihotealinica (Zatrawkin et Starobogatov 1984). Five species were transferred from the genus Arsenievinaia to the genus Kunashiria: K. taranetzi (Shadin 1938), K. zimini (Zatrawkin et Bogatov 1987), K. coptzevi (Zatrawkin et Bogatov 1987), K. zarjaensis (Bogatov et Zatrawkin 1988), K. compressa (Bogatov et Starobogatov 1996). The data on the Kunashiria distribution were generalized. C1 [Sayenko, E. M.; Bogatov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Soil Sci, Far E Branch, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. [Zaykin, D. V.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sayenko, EM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Soil Sci, Far E Branch, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. EM sayenko@ibss.dvo.ru; bogatov@ibss.dvo.ru; zaykind@niehs.nih.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0044-5134 J9 ZOOL ZH JI Zool. Zhurnal PD NOV PY 2009 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1298 EP 1310 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 538OY UT WOS:000273195000003 ER PT J AU Liu, SB Schauer, CK Pedersen, LG AF Liu, Shubin Schauer, Cynthia K. Pedersen, Lee G. TI Molecular acidity: A quantitative conceptual density functional theory description SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HUNDS MULTIPLICITY RULE; PKA VALUES; ELECTROPHILICITY INDEX; THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES; IONIZABLE RESIDUES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PK(A) PREDICTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ENERGIES AB Accurate predictions of molecular acidity using ab initio and density functional approaches are still a daunting task. Using electronic and reactivity properties, one can quantitatively estimate pKa values of acids. In a recent paper [S. B. Liu and L. G. Pedersen, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 3648 (2009)], we employed the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) on the nucleus and the sum of valence natural atomic orbital (NAO) energies for the purpose. In this work, we reformulate these relationships on the basis of conceptual density functional theory and compare the results with those from the thermodynamic cycle method. We show that MEP and NAO properties of the dissociating proton of an acid should satisfy the same relationships with experimental pKa data. We employ 27 main groups and first to third row transition metal-water complexes as illustrative examples to numerically verify the validity of these strong linear correlations. Results also show that the accuracy of our approach and that of the conventional method through the thermodynamic cycle are statistically similar. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3251124] C1 [Liu, Shubin] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Res Comp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Schauer, Cynthia K.; Pedersen, Lee G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pedersen, Lee G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Liu, SB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Res Comp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM shubin@email.unc.edu RI Liu, Shubin/B-1502-2009; Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013 OI Liu, Shubin/0000-0001-9331-0427; Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861 FU National Institutes of Health [HL-06350]; NSF [DMR-0804549]; NIEHS FX Helpful discussions with Robert G. Parr of University of North Carolina and Andy Maynard are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. HL-06350), the NSF (FRG Grant No. DMR-0804549), and the Intramural Research Program of NIH, NIEHS. We acknowledge the use of the computational resources provided by the Research Computing Center at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Biomedical Unit of the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 16 AR 164107 DI 10.1063/1.3251124 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 513XV UT WOS:000271358400015 PM 19894927 ER PT J AU Hosack, GR Eldridge, PM AF Hosack, Geoffrey R. Eldridge, Peter M. TI Do microbial processes regulate the stability of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem? SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemical flux; Bayesian inverse analysis; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Food web; Resilience; Reactivity; Resistance; Sensitivity analysis ID PLANKTONIC FOOD-WEB; INVERSE MODEL ANALYSIS; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; NETWORK ANALYSIS; LAGOON TAKAPOTO; FLOW NETWORKS; STEADY-STATE; CARBON; SYSTEMS; SEA AB Complex marine ecosystems contain multiple feedback cycles that can cause unexpected responses to perturbations. To better predict these responses, complicated models are increasingly being developed to enable the study of feedback cycles. However, the sparseness of ecological data often limits the direct empirical parameterization of all model parameters. Here we use a Bayesian inverse analysis approach to synthesize empirical data and ecological theory derived from published studies of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem (Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia). We then use the estimates of flux magnitudes to parameterize probabilistic compartment models with two forms of heterotrophic consumption: (1) "bottom-up" donor-controlled heterotrophic consumption and (2) "top-down" mass-action heterotrophic consumption. We explore how the flux magnitudes affect the ecosystem's stability properties of resilience, reactivity, and resistance under both assumptions for heterotrophic consumption. The models suggest that the microbial uptake of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) regulates the long term rate of return to steady state following a temporary or pulse perturbation (resilience), and the cycling of carbon between abiotic pools and heterotrophic compartments regulates the short-term response (reactivity). In the bottom-up process model, the sensitivity of steady state masses following a sustained or press perturbation (resistance) is highest for the DOC pool following a sustained change to the microbial uptake rate of DOC. Further, a change in the microbial uptake of DOC propagates through the ecosystem and affects the steady state values of zooplankton. The analysis suggests that the food web is highly dependent on the recycling between the abiotic and biotic carbon pools, particularly as mediated by the microbial consumption of DOC, and this recycling determines how the ecosystem responds to perturbations. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hosack, Geoffrey R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hosack, GR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 200S Res Ctr,1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM hosack.8@osu.edu RI Hosack, Geoffrey/E-8566-2010 NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 20 BP 2665 EP 2682 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.006 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504UZ UT WOS:000270644600008 ER PT J AU Shelburne, CP Nakano, H St John, AL Chan, C McLachlan, JB Gunn, MD Staats, HF Abraham, SN AF Shelburne, Christopher P. Nakano, Hideki St John, Ashley L. Chan, Cheryl McLachlan, James B. Gunn, Michael D. Staats, Herman F. Abraham, Soman N. TI Mast Cells Augment Adaptive Immunity by Orchestrating Dendritic Cell Trafficking through Infected Tissues SO CELL HOST & MICROBE LA English DT Article ID LYMPH-NODES; BACTERIAL CLEARANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LANGERHANS CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; RESPONSES; MIGRATION; MICE; HYPERTROPHY AB Mast cells (MCs) are best known for eliciting harmful reactions, mostly after primary immunity has been established. Here, we report that, during footpad infection with E. coli in MC-deficient mice, as compared to their MC-sufficient counterparts, the serum antibody response is significantly diminished and less protective following passive immunization in a urinary tract infection (UTI) model in wild-type mice. MCs were found to recruit large numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) into the infected tissue site, which eventually migrated into draining lymph nodes (DLNs) during a prolonged time course. This pattern of trafficking was facilitated by MC-generated TNF, which increased the expression of E-selectin on local blood vessels. Antibody blockade of E-selectin inhibited DC recruitment into the site of infection and DLNs and consequently impaired the primary humoral immune response. Thus, during infection, resident MCs contribute to the primary protective adaptive response through recruitment of DCs from the circulation into infected sites. C1 [Shelburne, Christopher P.; Chan, Cheryl; McLachlan, James B.; Staats, Herman F.; Abraham, Soman N.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [St John, Ashley L.; Gunn, Michael D.; Staats, Herman F.; Abraham, Soman N.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gunn, Michael D.; Staats, Herman F.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Abraham, Soman N.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Abraham, Soman N.] Duke Natl Univ Singapore, Grad Sch Med, Program Emerging Infect Dis, Singapore 169547, Singapore. [Nakano, Hideki] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biol Res Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shelburne, CP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM cps4@duke.edu OI Gunn, Michael/0000-0003-4602-0667; Staats, Herman/0000-0003-1039-1087 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1-DK077159, R37-DK050814, R21-DK077307, R01-AI 50021]; Sandier Foundation for Asthma Research; NCRR/NIH [UL1RR024128] FX This work was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health RO1-DK077159, R37-DK050814, R21-DK077307, and R01-AI 50021; the Sandier Foundation for Asthma Research; and the Duke University CTSA grant UL1RR024128 from NCRR/NIH. C.P.S. conducted most of the experiments and wrote most of the paper. M.D.G., H.F.S., H.N., J.B.M., and S.N.A. provided suggestions and discussion. A.L.S.J. and C.C. assisted with studies associated with DC trafficking to the lymph nodes. H.F.S., A.L.S.J., and S.N.A. helped with portions of the writing and editing of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1931-3128 J9 CELL HOST MICROBE JI Cell Host Microbe PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.chom.2009.09.004 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 512EQ UT WOS:000271227700009 PM 19837373 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Impact of organic solvents and common anions on 2-chlorobiphenyl dechlorination kinetics with Pd/Mg SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE Magnesium; Corrosion; Aggressive anions; Co-solvent; Dechlorination ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MAGNESIUM CORROSION; BIMETALLIC SYSTEMS; PURE MAGNESIUM; WATER; REDUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; NITRATE; MATTER AB The current study evaluates Pd/Mg performance for 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CB) dechlorination in the presence of naturally abundant anions such as sulfate, chloride, nitrate, hydroxide and carbonates and organic solvents that are used for ex-situ PCB extraction or may accompany PCB contamination. While studies abound on the effect of these species on corrosion rates of pure Mg, literature on the behavior of Mg galvanically coupled with Pd remains limited making their investigation necessary. We also provide insights on the effect of initial PCB concentration and system pH on 2-CB dechlorination rates. Among anions studied, especially interesting results were noted for nitrate, bicarbonate and the sodium salt of humic acid. NO(3)(-) underwent reduction to NH(4)(+) thereby competing for electrons and consequently lowering 2-CB dechlorination rate. HCO(3)(-) significantly enhanced 2-CB dechlorination rates by serving as a proton donor. Humic acid also showed faster dechlorination rates, probably by acting as an electron 'shuttle' to the PCB. Only OH(-) produced significant impairment Pd/Mg reactivity systems. While ethanol and acetone both led to reduced dechlorination rates through reduced hydrogen production and increased affinity of 2-CB for the liquid phase, acetone lowered rates further by undergoing reduction to 2-propanol. 2-CB dechlorination at high solvent concentrations and in the presence of common anions highlights robustness of Pd/Mg systems and suggests they will fare comparably to their bench-scale performance in presence of interferences expected in natural systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the research results presented herein do not, necessarily, reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. SA is grateful to Eric Graybill and Amro El-Badawy of Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. (PTS) for method development to detect 2-propoanol and for assistance with the HACH kit, respectively, and Maria Antoniou of UC and Hyeok Choi of EPA for reviewing the manuscript. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD OCT 19 PY 2009 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.07.029 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 514CU UT WOS:000271372200003 ER PT J AU Wilson, RH Whitehead, GS Nakano, H Free, ME Kolls, JK Cook, DN AF Wilson, Rhonda H. Whitehead, Gregory S. Nakano, Hideki Free, Meghan E. Kolls, Jay K. Cook, Donald N. TI Allergic Sensitization through the Airway Primes Th17-dependent Neutrophilia and Airway Hyperresponsiveness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE asthma; lung; immunity ID T-CELLS; EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATION; LUNG INFLAMMATION; TH2 RESPONSES; SEVERE ASTHMA; ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN-17; DISSOCIATION; CHEMOKINE; MICE AB Rationale: In humans, immune responses to inhaled aeroallergens develop in the lung and draining lymph nodes. Many animal models of asthma bypass this route and instead use intraperitoneal injections of allergen using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. Objectives: We investigated whether allergic sensitization through the airway elicits immune responses qualitatively different than those arising in the peritoneum. Methods: Mice were sensitized to allergen through the airway using low-dose LIPS as an adjuvant, or through the peritoneum using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. After a single allergen challenge, ELISA and flow cytometry were used to measure cytokines and leukocyte subsets. Invasive measurements of airway resistance were used to measure allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Measurements and Main Results: Sensitization through the peritoneum primed strong Th2 responses and eosinophilia, but not AHR, after a single allergen challenge. By contrast, allergic sensitization through the airway primed only modest Th2 responses, but strong Th17 responses. Th17 cells homed to the lung and released IL-17 into the airway on subsequent encounter with inhaled allergen. As a result, these mice developed IL-17-dependent airway neutrophilia and AHR. This AHR was neutrophil-dependent because it was abrogated in CXCR2-deficient mice and also in wild-type mice receiving a neutrophil-depleting antibody. Individually, neither IL-17 nor ongoing Th2 responses were sufficient to confer AHR, but together they acted synergistically to promote neutrophil recruitment, eosinophil recruitment and AHR. Conclusions: Allergic sensitization through the airway primes modest Th2 responses but strong Th17 responses that promote airway neutrophilia and acute AHR. These findings support a causal role for neutrophils in severe asthma. C1 [Cook, Donald N.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kolls, Jay K.] Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat & Immunol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Cook, DN (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Lab Resp Biol, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Rm E244, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM usa.cookd@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 35 TC 181 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 180 IS 8 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1164/rccm.200904-0573OC PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 506AB UT WOS:000270743100006 PM 19661246 ER PT J AU Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M AF Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Edney, Edward O. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Jaoui, Mohammed TI Influence of Aerosol Acidity on the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Biogenic Precursor Hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; PARTICLE ACIDITY; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; CARBON; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; ISOPRENE; PRODUCTS; YIELDS AB Secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in steady-state aerosol were measured in a series of alpha-pinene/NO(x) and one series of beta-car-yophyllene/NO(x) irradiation experiments. The acidity of the inorganic seed aerosol was varied while the hydrocarbon and NO(x) concentrations were held constant in each series of experiments, Measurements were made for acidity levels and SOC concentrations much closer to ambient levels than had been previously achieved for alpha-pinene, while there are no previous measurements for SOC increases due to acidity for beta-caryophyllene. The observed enhancement in SOC concentration linearly increases with the measured hydrogen ion concentration in air for each system. For the conditions of these studies, SOC increased by 0.04% per nmol H(+) m(-3) for (x-pinene under two condition's where the organic carbon concentration differed by a factor of 5. For alpha-pinene, this level of response to acidic aerosol was a factor of 8 lower than was reported by Surratt at al. for similar series of experiments for SOC from the photooxidation of isoprene/NO(x) mixtures. By contrast, SOC from beta-caryophyllene showed an increase of 0.22% per nmol H(+) m(-3), roughly two-thirds of the response in the isoprene System. Mass fractions for SOC particle-phase tracers for alpha-pinene decreased slightly with increasing aerosol acidity, although remaining within previously stated uncertainties. Below 200 nmol H(+) m(-1), the mass fraction of beta-caryophyllenic acid,the only identified tracer for beta-caryophyllene SOC, was constant although beta-caryophyllenic acid showed a substantial decrease for acidities greater than 400 nmol H(+) m(-3). C1 [Offenberg, John H.; Lewandowski, Michael; Edney, Edward O.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Offenberg, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-00-206] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described. here under Contract 68-D-00-206 to Alion Science and Technology. It has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 20 BP 7742 EP 7747 DI 10.1021/es901538e PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504DR UT WOS:000270594900028 PM 19921888 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D Cohen, J Castorina, R Axelrad, DA Woodruff, TJ AF Payne-Sturges, Devon Cohen, Jonathan Castorina, Rosemary Axelrad, Daniel A. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI Evaluating Cumulative Organophosphorus Pesticide Body Burden of Children: A National Case Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CREATININE CONCENTRATIONS; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; URINARY PESTICIDE; BRAIN-REGIONS; US POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; CHLORPYRIFOS; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL AB Biomonitoring is a valuable tool for identifying exposures to chemicals that pose potential harm to human health. However, to date there has been little published on ways to evaluate the relative public health significance of biomonitoring data for different chemicals and even less on cumulative assessment of multiple chemicals. The objectives of our study are to develop a methodology for a health risk interpretation of biomonitoring data and to apply it using NHANES 1999-2002 body burden data for organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. OP pesticides present a particularly challenging case given the nonspecificity of many metabolites monitored through NHANES. We back-calculate OP pesticide exposures from urinary metabolite data and compare cumulative dose estimates with available toxicity information for a common mechanism of action (brain cholinesterase inhibition) using data from U.S. EPA. Our results suggest that approximately 40% of children in the United States may have had insufficient margins of exposure (MOEs) for neurological impacts from cumulative exposures to OP pesticides (MOE less than 1000). Limitations include uncertainty related to assumptions about likely precursor pesticide compounds of the urinary metabolites, sources of exposure, and intraindividual and temporal variability. C1 [Payne-Sturges, Devon] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cohen, Jonathan] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA USA. [Castorina, Rosemary] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Axelrad, Daniel A.] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Payne-Sturges, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8723F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM payne-sturges.devon@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA [RD 83171001]; NIEHS [1101 ES009605] FX We thank EPA's Office of Children's Health Projection for its support to conduct the NHANES biomonitoring data analysis. We appreciate the assistance of EPA's Cynthia Doucure, Arthur Grube, and David Widawsky in providing pesticide use ditto. We appreciate continents from Anna Lowit, David Miller, find David Hrdy from EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs. R. Castorina was supported in part by U.S. EPA grant RD 83171001 and NIEHS grant 1101 ES009605. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not represent official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy, NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 20 BP 7924 EP 7930 DI 10.1021/es900713s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504DR UT WOS:000270594900055 PM 19921915 ER PT J AU Junninen, H Monster, J Rey, M Cancelinha, J Douglas, K Duane, M Forcina, V Muller, A Lagler, F Marelli, L Borowiak, A Niedzialek, J Paradiz, B Mira-Salama, D Jimenez, J Hansen, U Astorga, C Stanczyk, K Viana, M Querol, X Duvall, RM Norris, GA Tsakovski, S Wahlin, P Horak, J Larsen, BR AF Junninen, Heikki Monster, Jacob Rey, Maria Cancelinha, Jose Douglas, Kevin Duane, Matthew Forcina, Victtorio Mueller, Anne Lagler, Fritz Marelli, Luisa Borowiak, Annette Niedzialek, Joanna Paradiz, Bostian Mira-Salama, Daniel Jimenez, Jose Hansen, Ute Astorga, Covadonga Stanczyk, Krzysztof Viana, Mar Querol, Xavier Duvall, Rachelle M. Norris, Gary A. Tsakovski, Stefan Wahlin, Peter Horak, Jiri Larsen, Bo R. TI Quantifying the Impact of Residential Heating on the Urban Air Quality in a Typical European Coal Combustion Region SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; SUBMICRON ORGANIC AEROSOLS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; MASS-SPECTRA; POLAND; ATMOSPHERE; AZAARENES; ELEMENTS AB The present investigation, carried out as a case study in a typical major city situated in a European coal combustion region (Krakow, Poland), aims At quantifying the impact on the urban air quality of residential heating by coal combustion in comparison with other potential pollution sources such as power plants, industry, and traffic. Emissions were measured for 20 particulate matter (PM) was analyzed for 52 individual compounds together with outdoor and indoor PM(10) collected during typical winter pollution episodes. The data were analyzed using chemical mass balance modeling (CMB) and constrained positive matrix factorization (CMF) yielding source apportionments for PM(10), B(a)P, and other regulated air pollutants namely Cd, Ni, As, and Pb. The results are potentially very useful for planning abatement strategies in all areas of the world, where coal combustion in small appliances is significant. During the studied pollution episodes in Krakow, European air quality limits were exceeded with up to a factor 8 for PM(10) and up to a factor 200 for B(a)P. The levels of these air pollutants were accompanied by high concentrations of azaerenes, known markers for inefficient coal combustion. The major culprit for the extreme pollution levels was domonstrated to W residential, heating by pool combustion in small stoves and boilers (>50% for PM(10) and >90% B(a(P), whereao road transport (<10% for PM(10) and <3% for B(a(P), and industry (4-15% for PM(10) and <6% for 15(afl played a lesser role. The indoor PM(10) and B(a)P concentrations were at high levels similar to those of outdoor concentrations and waro found to have the same sources as oqtdoprs. The inorganic secondary aerosol component of PM(10) amounted to around 30%, which for a large part may be attributed to the industrial emission of the precursors SO(2) and NO(x). C1 [Junninen, Heikki; Monster, Jacob; Rey, Maria; Cancelinha, Jose; Douglas, Kevin; Duane, Matthew; Forcina, Victtorio; Mueller, Anne; Lagler, Fritz; Marelli, Luisa; Borowiak, Annette; Niedzialek, Joanna; Paradiz, Bostian; Hansen, Ute; Astorga, Covadonga; Horak, Jiri; Larsen, Bo R.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IES, IHCP, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Junninen, Heikki] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Niedzialek, Joanna] Malopolski Voivodship Inspectorate Environ Protec, PL-31011 Krakow, Poland. [Stanczyk, Krzysztof] Cent Min Inst, PL-40166 Katowice, Poland. [Viana, Mar; Querol, Xavier] CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Duvall, Rachelle M.; Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tsakovski, Stefan] Univ Sofia, Fac Chem, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Wahlin, Peter] Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Horak, Jiri] Tech Univ Ostrava, Energy Res Ctr, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. RP Larsen, BR (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IES, IHCP, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM bo.larsen@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Junninen, Heikki/C-2157-2014; Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Viana, Mar/L-5600-2014 OI Junninen, Heikki/0000-0001-7178-9430; Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Viana, Mar/0000-0002-4073-3802 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 20 BP 7964 EP 7970 DI 10.1021/es8032082 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504DR UT WOS:000270594900061 PM 19921921 ER PT J AU Lye, DJ AF Lye, Dennis J. TI Rooftop runoff as a source of contamination: A review SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Rainwater; Roof runoff; Water quality ID WATER-QUALITY; HARVESTED RAINWATER; DRINKING-WATER; MICROBIAL COMPOSITION; COLLECTED RAINWATER; TANK RAINWATER; INFILTRATION; CONSUMPTION; POLLUTANTS; AUSTRALIA AB Scientific reports concerning chemical and microbiological contaminant levels of rainwater runoff from rooftop collection in both urban and rural areas are reviewed. This alternative source of water has been documented to often contain substantial amounts of contaminants. Studies describing levels of heavy metal contamination specific to runoff from rooftop catchment areas containing exposed metal surfaces are discussed. Depending upon the intended use, scientific evidence is also accumulating that various treatments and disinfections will be required prior to release of roof-runoff water either into surface waters or for more direct consumer usage. For microbial contamination, current proposed standards and guidelines regarding this type of water source are shown to vary widely worldwide. Scientific literature reveals a lack of clarity regarding water quality guidelines and health related standards for certain types of rooftop runoff. Studies suggests that rainwater collection systems which are properly designed, maintained, and treated may provide a valuable supplement to existing water supplies by reducing demand on community water supplies/infrastructure costs, enhancing effective management of storm water runoff, and increasing restoration of underground reservoirs through controlled infiltration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lye, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, MCEARD, MS 314,26W,Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lye.dennis@epa.gov NR 44 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 21 BP 5429 EP 5434 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.011 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 513QK UT WOS:000271338000001 PM 19647287 ER PT J AU Adjalle, KD Tyagi, RD Brar, SK Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Adjalle, K. D. Tyagi, R. D. Brar, S. K. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Recovery of entomotoxicity components from Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and sludge: Ultrafiltration scale-up approach SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Wastewater/wastewater sludge; Ultrafiltration; Fouling; Scale-up ID FLOW MEMBRANE FILTRATION; MICROFILTRATION AB This study reports results on the possibility of scale-up of ultrafiltration system for recovery of entomotoxicity components from Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater/wastewater sludge broths. The wastewater/wastewater sludge comprised starch industry wastewater and hydrolyzed sludge. The study demonstrated that the optimal operational parameters, namely transmembrane pressure and feed flux for starch industry wastewater were 90 kPa and 550 L h(-1) m(-2), respectively. Likewise, the respective values for hydrolyzed sludge were 110 kPa and 720 L h(-1) m(-2). The loss in biological activity reported in terms of viable spores and soluble proteins was higher for hydrolyzed sludge due to higher viscosity and lower particle size. In the context of scale-up, dynamic resistance can serve as a key parameter which was reported to be higher for hydrolyzed sludge when compared to starch industry wastewater. Thus, starch industry wastewater will impose relatively less power input requirements and can be easily scaled-up. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adjalle, K. D.; Tyagi, R. D.; Brar, S. K.; Valero, J. R.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, 355254]; FQRNT(ENC) FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grants A4984 and 355254, Canada Research Chair), FQRNT(ENC) for financial support. We are grateful to SOPFIM for granting prestigious Smirnoff scholarship to Kokou D. Adjalle for his Ph.D. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 EI 1873-3794 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.08.003 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 513QJ UT WOS:000271337900008 ER PT J AU Slonecker, ET Johnson, B McMahon, J AF Slonecker, E. Terrence Johnson, Brad McMahon, Joe TI Automated imagery orthorectification pilot SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE orthorectification; automated orthorectification; georegistration; digital metadata; historical imagery; archival imagery; Digital Ortho Quads (DOQ); Digital Ortho Quarter Quads (DOQQ) ID AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS; REGISTRATION; RECTIFICATION; SITES AB Automated orthorectification of raw image products is now possible based on the comprehensive metadata collected by Global Positioning Systems and Inertial Measurement Unit technology aboard aircraft and satellite digital imaging systems, and based on emerging pattern-matching and automated image-to-image and control point selection capabilities in many advanced image processing systems. Automated orthorectification of standard aerial photography is also possible if a camera calibration report and sufficient metadata is available. Orthorectification of historical imagery, for which only limited metadata was available, was also attempted and found to require some user input, creating a semi-automated process that still has significant potential to reduce processing time and expense for the conversion of archival historical imagery into geospatially enabled, digital formats, facilitating preservation and utilization of a vast archive of historical imagery. Over 90 percent of the frames of historical aerial photos used in this experiment were successfully orthorectified to the accuracy of the USGS 100K base map series utilized for the geospatial reference of the archive. The accuracy standard for the 100K series maps is approximately 167 feet (51 meters). The main problems associated with orthorectification failure were cloud cover, shadow and historical landscape change which confused automated image-to-image matching processes. Further research is recommended to optimize automated orthorectification methods and enable broad operational use, especially as related to historical imagery archives. C1 [Slonecker, E. Terrence] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Slonecker, E. Terrence] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Johnson, Brad; McMahon, Joe] SRA Int Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RP Slonecker, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tslonecker@usgs.gov; brad.johnson@lmnsolutions.com; Joe_McMahon@sra.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Intelligence Community; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under EPA Grant AMI 31, by the U.S. Intelligence Community, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Mention of trade names or products does NOT constitute endorsement by any agency of the U. S. Government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 7 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033552 DI 10.1117/1.3255042 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520YO UT WOS:000271885900001 ER PT J AU Mills, KT Blair, A Freeman, LEB Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA AF Mills, Katherine T. Blair, Aaron Freeman, Laura E. Beane Sandler, Dale P. Hoppin, Jane A. TI Pesticides and Myocardial Infarction Incidence and Mortality Among Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; cardiovascular diseases; myocardial infarction; occupational exposure; pesticides ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CARDIAC MANIFESTATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE; FARMERS; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; PARTICIPANTS; INFORMATION AB Acute organophosphate and carbamate pesticide poisonings result in adverse cardiac outcomes. The cardiac effects of chronic low-level pesticide exposure have not been studied. The authors analyzed self-reported lifetime use of pesticides reported at enrollment (1993-1997) and myocardial infarction mortality through 2006 and self-reported nonfatal myocardial infarction through 2003 among male pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Using proportional hazard models, the authors estimated the association between lifetime use of 49 pesticides and fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction. There were 476 deaths from myocardial infarction among 54,069 men enrolled in the study and 839 nonfatal myocardial infarctions among the 32,024 participants who completed the follow-up interview. Fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarctions were associated with commonly reported risk factors, including age and smoking. There was little evidence of an association between having used pesticides, individually or by class, and myocardial infarction mortality (e.g., insecticide hazard ratio (HR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67, 1.24; herbicide HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.10) or nonfatal myocardial infarction incidence (e.g., insecticide HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.09; herbicide HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.36). There was no evidence of a dose response with any pesticide measure. In a population with low risk for myocardial infarction, the authors observed little evidence of increased risk of myocardial infarction mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction associated with the occupational use of pesticides. C1 [Sandler, Dale P.; Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mills, Katherine T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Blair, Aaron; Freeman, Laura E. Beane] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hoppin, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES049030]; National Cancer Institute [Z01-CP010119] FX Author affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Katherine T. Mills); Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland (Aaron Blair, Laura E. Beane Freeman); and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dale P. Sandler, Jane A. Hoppin).; This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES049030) and National Cancer Institute (Z01-CP010119).; The authors greatly appreciate the hard work of Stuart Long for data analysis, as well as the Agricultural Health Study Iowa and North Carolina field stations and coordinating center.; Conflict of interest: none declared. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 7 BP 892 EP 900 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp214 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499JY UT WOS:000270217600012 PM 19700503 ER PT J AU Yoo, H Yamashita, N Taniyasu, S Lee, KT Jones, PD Newsted, JL Khim, JS Giesy, JP AF Yoo, Hoon Yamashita, Nobuyoshi Taniyasu, Sachi Lee, Kyu Tae Jones, Paul D. Newsted, John L. Khim, Jong Seong Giesy, John P. TI Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Marine Organisms from Lake Shihwa, Korea SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOLS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; WATER; BIRDS; SURFACTANTS; JAPAN; CHAIN; BIOTA AB To our knowledge, this is the first report of concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) in marine organisms from the industrialized region of Korea. Concentrations of eight PFAs were determined in three species of fish (mullet, shad, and rockfish) and three species of marine invertebrates (blue crab, oyster, and mussel) from Lake Shihwa, Korea. This is an area in which relatively great concentrations of PFAs in water and in adjacent industrial effluents have been reported. PFOS was the dominant PFA in marine organisms and most PFOS concentrations were greater than the sum of all other PFAs. The mean concentrations of PFOS were 8.1 x 10 and 3.6 x 10 ng/g, wet weight in liver and blood of fish, respectively. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also found in fish, but their concentrations were 10-fold less than those for PFOS. Of the PFCAs measured in fish, concentrations of the longer-chain perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) were the greatest. Concentrations of PFOS in soft tissues of blue crabs decreased as a function of distance from the shore where inputs from the industrialized areas are discharged into Lake Shihwa. PFOS was the only PFA detectable in mussels and oysters with a mean of 0.5 +/- A 0.2 and 1.1 +/- A 0.3 ng/g, wet weight, respectively. Concentrations of PFUnA were positively correlated with perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in both the liver and blood of fish, which suggests a common source of these two PFCAs in this area. Hazard quotients developed for fish species were all less than 1.0 for fish collected in Lake Shihwa. C1 [Yoo, Hoon] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Yoo, Hoon; Newsted, John L.; Giesy, John P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yoo, Hoon; Newsted, John L.; Giesy, John P.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yoo, Hoon; Yamashita, Nobuyoshi; Taniyasu, Sachi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Potential Pollutants Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. [Lee, Kyu Tae] NeoEnbiz Co, Inst Environm Protect & Safety, Puchon, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Jones, Paul D.; Khim, Jong Seong; Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biomed & Vet Biosci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Jones, Paul D.; Khim, Jong Seong; Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Newsted, John L.] ENTRIX Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Khim, Jong Seong] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Giesy, John P.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Yoo, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Yoo.Hoon@epamail.epa.gov RI Khim, Jong Seong/B-5008-2012; Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015; OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380; Khim, Jong Seong/0000-0001-7977-0929 FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [6807]; Western Economic Diversification Canada [6807, 6971]; Canadian Foundation for Infrastructure; John P. and Susan E. Giesy Foundation FX Professor Giesy was supported by the Canada Research Chair program and an at- large Chair Professorship at the Department of Biology and Chemistry and Research Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, City University of Hong Kong. The research was supported by a Discovery Grant from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Project # 6807) and a grant from the Western Economic Diversification Canada (Project # 6971 and 6807). The authors wish to acknowledge the support of an instrumentation grant from the Canadian Foundation for Infrastructure. This research was supported in part by a grant from the John P. and Susan E. Giesy Foundation to Michigan State University. The authors wish to thank Dr. Tae-Seob Choi (NeoEnbiz Co., Korea) for his technical assistance during sample collection and analysis. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9282-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 495WF UT WOS:000269925200014 PM 19152061 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Kariher, PH Dong, YJ AF Kinsey, John S. Kariher, Peter H. Dong, Yuanji TI Evaluation of methods for the physical characterization of the fine particle emissions from two residential wood combustion appliances SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wood burning appliances; Room heaters; Fireplaces; Particle emissions; Dilution systems ID ORGANIC AEROSOL; WOODHEATER EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SMOKE; FIREPLACE; DISTRIBUTIONS; WOODSMOKE; EXPOSURE; DILUTION; BOILERS AB The fine particle emissions from a U. S. certified non-catalytic wood stove and a zero-clearance fireplace burning Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) cordwood each at two different moisture levels were determined. Emission testing was performed using both time-integrated and continuous instrumentation for total particle mass, particle number, particle size distribution, and fixed combustion gases using an atmospheric wind tunnel, full-flow laboratory dilution tunnel, and dilution stack sampler with a comparison made between the three dilution systems and two sampling filter types. The total mass emission factors (EFs) for all dilution systems and filter media are extremely variable ranging from <1 to similar to 55 g kg(-1) of dry wood depending on the combination of appliance type, wood species and moisture content, filter medium, and dilution system. For Teflon filter sampling of stove emissions in the wind tunnel, the total mass EFs varied from similar to 2 to 8 g kg(-1) of dry fuel depending on wood type whereas the equivalent fireplace emissions burning wet oak averaged 11 g kg(-1). A substantial number of ultrafine particles in the accumulation size range were also observed during all tests as determined by an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. The PM-2.5 (particles <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) fractions determined from the ELPI electrometer data ranged from 93 to 98% (mass) depending on appliance type as reported previously by Hays et al. (Aerosol Science, 34, 1061, 2003). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kinsey, John S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kariher, Peter H.; Dong, Yuanji] ARCADIS US, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov; kariher.peter@epa.gov; ydong@arcadis-us.com RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 43 IS 32 BP 4959 EP 4967 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504UU UT WOS:000270644000012 ER PT J AU Heist, DK Perry, SG Brixey, LA AF Heist, D. K. Perry, S. G. Brixey, L. A. TI A wind tunnel study of the effect of roadway configurations on the dispersion of traffic-related pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Line source; Dispersion modeling; Wind tunnel; Roadway configurations ID AIR-QUALITY; MODEL AB In this paper we examine the effect of different roadway configurations, including noise barriers and roadway elevation or depression relative to the surrounding terrain, on the dispersion of traffic-related pollutants for winds perpendicular to the roadway. A wind tunnel experiment modeling 12 different configurations was performed to study the flow fields and the concentration distributions resulting from emissions from a simulated six-lane highway. All of the configurations examined here reduced the downwind ground-level concentrations relative to that for a flat, unobstructed roadway: however, the degree to which the concentrations were reduced varied widely depending on the particular situation. Ground-level concentration data from the cases considered in this research indicate that a constant entrainment velocity can be used over the region beginning downwind of any initial disturbance to the flow resulting from the roadway configuration (e.g., a recirculation region behind a noise barrier) and extending at least to the end of our measurements. For example, for the case of a single noise barrier on the downwind side of the road, this region extends from approximately four barrier heights downwind of the roadway to 40 barrier heights. It was also found that the virtual origin concept is useful in describing the initial mixing created by the particular roadway configuration. To effectively model the influence of the roadway configuration on the dispersion, a combination of a virtual origin and an entrainment velocity may be effective. The magnitude of the virtual origin shift appears to depend on the particular roadway configuration, while the entrainment velocity appears to be a function of the friction velocity and the roadway geometry. These results suggest that road configuration must be taken into account in modeling near-road air quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heist, D. K.; Perry, S. G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brixey, L. A.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Heist, DK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, MD-81,109 TW Alexander Dr,Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM heist.david@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-065] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 43 IS 32 BP 5101 EP 5111 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.034 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504UU UT WOS:000270644000028 ER PT J AU Folino-Rorem, NC Darling, JA D'Ausilio, CA AF Folino-Rorem, Nadine C. Darling, John A. D'Ausilio, Cori A. TI Genetic analysis reveals multiple cryptic invasive species of the hydrozoan genus Cordylophora SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Cordylophora; Cryptic species; Hydroid; Invasive species; Ponto-Caspian; Taxonomy ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER INVASIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MARINE COMMUNITIES; SALTWATER ANIMALS; RISK ANALYSIS; CNIDARIA; POPULATION; MICROSATELLITES; INVERTEBRATES AB Understanding the patterns and dynamics of biological invasions is a crucial prerequisite to predicting and mitigating their potential ecological and economic impacts. Unfortunately, in many cases such understanding is limited not only by ignorance of invasion history, but also by uncertainty surrounding the ecology, physiology, and even systematics of the invasive taxa themselves. The invasive, colonial euryhaline hydroid Cordylophora has invaded multiple regions outside of its native Ponto-Caspian range. However, extensive morphological and ecological plasticity has prevented consensus on both species-level classification within the genus and the environmental conditions conducive to establishment. The goal of this research was to explore the invasive history and species composition of the genus Cordylophora through molecular analyses. We addressed both issues using DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial loci [the small subunit 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)] and one nuclear locus (28S large nuclear rRNA), generated from 27 invasive Cordylophora populations collected throughout the global range of the taxon. Phylogenetic analysis and comparisons of genetic distances between populations suggest the presence of multiple cryptic species within the genus. This conclusion is further supported by the observation of significantly different habitat preferences between invasive lineages. Geographic distribution of lineages is consistent with the introduction of multiple lineages to some non-native regions, indicating that repeated introductions may contribute to the current global distribution of Cordylophora. Applying molecular and morphological analyses to additional populations of Cordylophora is likely to assist in clarifying the taxonomy of this genus and in providing a better understanding of the invasive history of this hydroid. C1 [Folino-Rorem, Nadine C.; D'Ausilio, Cori A.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Folino-Rorem, NC (reprint author), Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, 501 Coll Ave, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM nadine.c.folino-rorem@wheaton.edu FU G. W. Aldeen Memorial Fund; Wheaton College, IL FX We are grateful for support from the G. W. Aldeen Memorial Fund and Wheaton Alumni Association from Wheaton College, IL. We also thank Drs. Busch, Page, Kennett and Scott ( Wheaton College) for their assistance. Thanks go to Sarah Baxter, Clifford Cunningham, Doug Rorem, Dale Calder, Terry Marsh, Dan Minchin ( assistance in Ireland), John Chapman ( samples from Oregon), Ilona B. Musko ( samples from Hungry), Beccy Mant ( samples from UK), Andy Chang ( samples from Antioch and Pitsburg CA), Matt Duggan, Larry Harris, Ward Kriegbaum, Parry Macdonald, Emily Mindrebo, Esther Papp and Hallie Tidwell for their assistance with fieldwork. Samples from Chile and France were collected by Horia Galea and deposited in collections of the Museum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Geneve; Drs. Galea and Peter Schuchert kindly supplied genomic DNA from these samples. Though this work was reviewed by US EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 62 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1869 EP 1882 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9365-4 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490TV UT WOS:000269529100011 ER PT J AU Adewale, HB Jefferson, WN Newbold, RR Patisaul, HB AF Adewale, Heather B. Jefferson, Wendy N. Newbold, Retha R. Patisaul, Heather B. TI Neonatal Bisphenol-A Exposure Alters Rat Reproductive Development and Ovarian Morphology Without Impairing Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE AVPV; corpora lutea; development; disruption; endocrine disruptors; ER alpha; ESR1; estradiol; estradiol receptor; estrogen; estrogen receptor; GnRH; gonad; hypothalamus; lordosis; neuroendocrinology; ovary; PPT; puberty ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; FEMALE RATS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ERR-GAMMA; ESTRADIOL BENZOATE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE AB Developmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds is hypothesized to adversely affect female reproductive physiology by interfering with the organization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Here, we compared the effects of neonatal exposure to two environmentally relevant doses of the plastics component bisphenol-A (BPA; 50 mu g/kg and 50 mg/kg) with the ESR1 (formerly known as ERalpha)-selective agonist 4,4',4 ''-(4-propyl-[H-1] pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT; 1 mg/kg) on the development of the female rat hypothalamus and ovary. An oil vehicle and estradiol benzoate (EB; 25 mu g) were used as negative and positive controls. Exposure to EB, PPT, or the low dose of BPA advanced pubertal onset. A total of 67% of females exposed to the high BPA dose were acyclic by 15 wk after vaginal opening compared with 14% of those exposed to the low BPA dose, all of the EB- and PPT-treated females, and none of the control animals. Ovaries from the EB-treated females were undersized and showed no evidence of folliculogenesis, whereas ovaries from the PPT-treated females were characterized by large antral-like follicles, which did not appear to support ovulation. Severity of deficits within the BPA-treated groups increased with dose and included large antral-like follicles and lower numbers of corpora lutea. Sexual receptivity, examined after ovariectomy and hormone replacement, was normal in all groups except those neonatally exposed to EB. FOS induction in hypothalamic gonadotropic (GnRH) neurons after hormone priming was impaired in the EB- and PPT-treated groups but neither of the BPA-treated groups. Our data suggest that BPA disrupts ovarian development but not the ability of GnRH neurons to respond to steroid-positive feedback. C1 [Adewale, Heather B.; Patisaul, Heather B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jefferson, Wendy N.; Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Dev Endocrinol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Patisaul, HB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Heather_Patisaul@ncsu.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES016001] FX Supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R01 ES016001 to H. B. P. NR 98 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 81 IS 4 BP 690 EP 699 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078261 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 498XE UT WOS:000270178400010 PM 19535786 ER PT J AU Deng, ZP Dailey, LA Soukup, J Stonehuerner, J Richards, JD Callaghan, KD Yang, FM Ghio, AJ AF Deng, Zhongping Dailey, Lisa A. Soukup, Joleen Stonehuerner, Jacqueline Richards, Judy D. Callaghan, Kimberly D. Yang, Funmei Ghio, Andrew J. TI Zinc transport by respiratory epithelial cells and interaction with iron homeostasis SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE Zinc compounds; Iron; Oxidative stress; Divalent metal transporter 1; Ferritin; Membrane transporters; Metals; Lung ID INTESTINAL CACO-2 CELLS; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; CONFERS RESISTANCE; DIETARY ZINC; EXPRESSION; LUNG; PARTICLES; ZNT-1; DMT1; ENVIRONMENT AB Despite recurrent exposure to zinc through inhalation of ambient air pollution particles, relatively little information is known about the homeostasis of this metal in respiratory epithelial cells. We describe zinc uptake and release by respiratory epithelial cells and test the postulate that Zn(2+) transport interacts with iron homeostasis in these same cells. Zn(2+) uptake after 4 and 8 h of exposure to zinc sulfate was concentration- and time-dependent. A majority of Zn(2+) release occurred in the 4 h immediately following cell exposure to ZnSO(4). Regarding metal importers, mRNA for Zip1 and Zip2 showed no change after respiratory epithelial cell exposure to zinc while mRNA for divalent metal transporter (DMT)1 increased. Western blot assay for DMT1 protein supported an elevated expression of this transport protein following zinc exposure. RT-PCR confirmed mRNA for the metal exporters ZnT1 and ZnT4 with the former increasing after ZnSO(4). Cell concentrations of ferritin increased with zinc exposure while oxidative stress, measured as lipid peroxides, was decreased supporting an anti-oxidant function for Zn(2+). Increased DMT1 expression, following pre-incubations of respiratory epithelial cells with TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and endotoxin, was associated with significantly decreased intracellular zinc transport. Finally, incubations of respiratory epithelial cells with both zinc sulfate and ferric ammonium citrate resulted in elevated intracellular concentrations of both metals. We conclude that exposure to zinc increases iron uptake by respiratory epithelial cells. Elevations in cell iron can possibly affect an increased expression of DMT1 and ferritin which function to diminish oxidative stress. Comparable to other metal exposures, changes in iron homeostasis may contribute to the biological effects of zinc in specific cells and tissues. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Deng, Zhongping] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Deng, Zhongping] Shanghai Inst Pharmaceut Ind, Natl Shanghai Ctr Drug Safety Evaluat & Res, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Dailey, Lisa A.; Soukup, Joleen; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline; Richards, Judy D.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Callaghan, Kimberly D.; Yang, Funmei] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd,Campus Box 7315,Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD OCT PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 803 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s10534-009-9227-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 486HG UT WOS:000269186300010 PM 19306086 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, Satinder K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Entomotoxicity, protease and chitinase activity of Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater sludge with a high solids content SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Suspended solids; Particle size; Viscosity; Wastewater sludge ID RAW-MATERIAL; BIOPESTICIDES; INCLUSIONS; KURSTAKI; OXYGEN; BATCH; HD-1 AB This study investigated the production of biopesticides, protease and chitinase activity by Bacillus thuringiensis grown in raw wastewater sludge at high solids concentration (30 g/L). The rheology of wastewater sludge was modified with addition of Tween-80 (0.2% v/v). This addition resulted in 1.6 and 1.3-fold increase in cell and spore count, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) augmented from 0.17 to 0.22 h(-1) and entomotoxicity (Tx) increased by 29.7%. Meanwhile, volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a) showed marked variations during fermentation, and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) increased 2-fold. The proteolytic activity increased while chitinase decreased for Tween amended wastewater Sludge. but the entomotoxicity increased, The specific entomotoxicity followed power law when plotted against spore concentration and the relation between Tx and protease activity was linear. The viscosity varied and volume percent of particles increased in Tween-80 amended wastewater sludge and particle size (D(50)) decreased at the end of fermentation. Thus, there was an increase in entomotoxicity at higher suspended solids (30 g/L) as Tween addition improved rheology (viscosity, particle size, surface tension): enhanced maximum growth rate and OUR. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brar, Satinder K.; Verma, M.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Valero, J. R.] Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Serv Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS ETE, 490 Couronne,CP 7500, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, STR 202,047]; Canada Research Chair; University of Missouri, Columbia; US EPA FX The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, STR 202,047); Canada Research Chair; University of Missouri, Columbia and US EPA. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of authors and should not be construed as opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors also thank Dr. Simon Barnabe for reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions in the preparation of manuscript. The authors are also thankful to NSERC, CFS and SOPFIM for providing Ph.D scholarship to Satinder K. Brar. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 19 BP 4317 EP 4325 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.093 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 464PH UT WOS:000267517200003 PM 19447031 ER PT J AU Painter, ML Chambers, CL Siders, M Doucett, RR Whitaker, JO Phillips, DL AF Painter, M. L. Chambers, C. L. Siders, M. Doucett, R. R. Whitaker, J. O., Jr. Phillips, D. L. TI Diet of spotted bats (Euderma maculatum) in Arizona as indicated by fecal analysis and stable isotopes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; CARBON ISOTOPES; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MIXING MODELS; ARCTIID MOTHS; FOOD-HABITS; NITROGEN; DELTA-C-13; ECOLOGY AB We assessed diet of spotted bats (Euderma maculatum (J.A. Allen, 1891)) by visual analysis of bat feces and stable carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotope analysis of bat feces, wing, hair, and insect prey. We collected 33 fecal samples from spotted bats and trapped 3755 insects where bats foraged. Lepidopterans averaged 99.6% of feces by volume; other insects were not a major component of diet. The delta(13)C and delta(15)N values of bat feces were similar to those of moths from families Noctuidae (N), Lasiocampidae (L), and Geometridae (G), but differed from Arctiidae (A) and Sphingidae (S). We used a mixing model to reconstruct diet; three families (N, L, G) represented the majority (88%-100%) of the diet with A + S representing 0%-12%. Although we compared delta(13)C and delta(15)N values of wing, hair, and feces of spotted bats, feces best represented recent diet; wing and hair were more enriched than feces by 3 parts per thousand and 6 parts per thousand, respectively. This pattern was consistent with that reported for other bat species. We suggest that spotted bats persist across a wide latitudinal gradient partly because they can forage on a variety of noctuid, geometrid, and lasiocampid moths. Using visual fecal inspection with stable isotope analysis provided information on families of moths consumed by an uncommon bat species. C1 [Painter, M. L.; Chambers, C. L.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Doucett, R. R.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Colorado Plateau Stable Isotope Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Whitaker, J. O., Jr.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Phillips, D. L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Chambers, CL (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Carol.Chambers@nau.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 34 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 865 EP 875 DI 10.1139/Z09-075 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 517NT UT WOS:000271622500003 ER PT J AU D'Aloisio, AA Baird, DD Poole, C North, KE AF D'Aloisio, Aimee A. Baird, Donna D. Poole, Charles North, Kari E. TI IGF1 and IGFBP3 Polymorphisms and Plasma Levels in Women Response SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Letter C1 [D'Aloisio, Aimee A.; Baird, Donna D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Poole, Charles; North, Kari E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP D'Aloisio, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2795 EP 2795 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0796 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505NZ UT WOS:000270702100034 ER PT J AU Yan, B Wang, HL Xie, DH Wakamatsu, N Anscher, MS Dewhirst, MW Mitchel, REJ Chen, BJ Li, CY AF Yan, Bin Wang, Huili Xie, Donghua Wakamatsu, Nobuko Anscher, Mitchell S. Dewhirst, Mark W. Mitchel, Ron E. J. Chen, Benny J. Li, Chuan-Yuan TI Increased skin carcinogenesis in caspase-activated DNase knockout mice SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTATION FACTOR; NEUROBLASTOMA TUMORS; APOPTOSIS; DEGRADATION; INHIBITOR; MUTATIONS; STABILITY; CARCINOMA AB Caspase-activated DNase (CAD), also called DNA fragmentation factor (DFF), is the enzyme responsible for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, a hallmark of programmed cell death. CAD/DFF has been shown to suppress radiation-induced carcinogenesis by preventing genomic instability in cells. In this study, we have investigated the role of CAD in chemical carcinogenesis using CAD-null mice and two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis. After topical treatment of mouse skin with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoting agent, there was a 4-fold increase in the number of papillomas per mouse and 50.8% increase in the incidence of papilloma formation in the CAD knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. The papillomas in CAD-null mice grew faster and reached larger sizes. These data indicate that loss of CAD function enhances tumorigenesis induced by a chemical carcinogen in the DMBA/TPA two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis in mice. C1 [Yan, Bin; Dewhirst, Mark W.; Li, Chuan-Yuan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Wang, Huili; Xie, Donghua; Chen, Benny J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Yan, Bin; Anscher, Mitchell S.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Wakamatsu, Nobuko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mitchel, Ron E. J.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Radiat Biol & Hlth Phys Branch, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Li, Chuan-Yuan] Univ Colorado, Dept Radiat Oncol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM chuan.li@uchsc.edu RI Li, Chuan-Yuan/H-4148-2013; OI Anscher, Mitchell/0000-0003-4480-111X FU US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program [DAMD17-02-1-0052]; US Department of Energy Low Dose Research Program [DE-FG02-03ER63635]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAG2-1629] FX US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program (DAMD17-02-1-0052); US Department of Energy Low Dose Research Program (DE-FG02-03ER63635); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAG2-1629). NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 2009 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1776 EP 1780 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgp146 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 505II UT WOS:000270685800017 PM 19541853 ER PT J AU Franco, R Cidlowski, JA AF Franco, R. Cidlowski, J. A. TI Apoptosis and glutathione: beyond an antioxidant SO CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Review DE GSH; redox regulation; oxidative stress; thiols; glutathionylation; glutathione transport ID INDUCED CELL-DEATH; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE; STRESS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; BETA-MEDIATED NEUROTOXICITY; SUBUNIT GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN S-NITROSYLATION; CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE AB Apoptosis is a conserved homeostatic process critical for organ and tissue morphogenesis, development, and senescence. This form of programmed cell death also participates in the etiology of several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders. Although the signaling pathways leading to the progression of apoptosis have been extensively characterized, recent studies highlight the regulatory role of changes in the intracellular milieu (permissive apoptotic environment) in the efficient activation of the cell death machinery. In particular, glutathione (GSH) depletion is a common feature of apoptotic cell death triggered by a wide variety of stimuli including activation of death receptors, stress, environmental agents, and cytotoxic drugs. Although initial studies suggested that GSH depletion was only a byproduct of oxidative stress generated during cell death, recent discoveries suggest that GSH depletion and post-translational modifications of proteins through glutathionylation are critical regulators of apoptosis. Here, we reformulate these emerging paradigms into our current understanding of cell death mechanisms. C1 [Franco, R.; Cidlowski, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cidlows1@mail.nih.gov RI Franco, Rodrigo/D-9470-2013 OI Franco, Rodrigo/0000-0003-3241-8615 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Oakley FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Oakley, and Dr. John B Pritchard critical comments of this manuscript. Owing to space considerations we apologize for not citing many important contributions to this field. The supplemental data contain a list of these important works. Color figures are included in the HTML version of this manuscript NR 150 TC 254 Z9 261 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1350-9047 J9 CELL DEATH DIFFER JI Cell Death Differ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1314 DI 10.1038/cdd.2009.107 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 494BU UT WOS:000269785100001 PM 19662025 ER PT J AU Drobna, Z Naranmandura, H Kubachka, KM Edwards, BC Herbin-Davis, K Styblo, M Chris Le, X Creed, JT Maeda, N Hughes, MF Thomas, DJ AF Drobna, Zuzana Naranmandura, Hua Kubachka, Kevin M. Edwards, Brenda C. Herbin-Davis, Karen Styblo, Miroslav Chris Le, X. Creed, John T. Maeda, Noboyu Hughes, Michael F. Thomas, David J. TI Disruption of the Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase Gene in the Mouse Alters the Phenotype for Methylation of Arsenic and Affects Distribution and Retention of Orally Administered Arsenate SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE KNOCKOUT MICE; WILD-TYPE MICE; DRINKING-WATER; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; METABOLISM; DISPOSITION; EXCRETION; RATS; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB The arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) gene encodes a 43 kDa protein that catalyzes methylation of inorganic arsenic. Altered expression of AS3MT in cultured human cells controls arsenic methylation phenotypes, suggesting a critical role in arsenic metabolism. Because methylated arsenicals mediate some toxic or carcinogenic effects linked to inorganic arsenic exposure, studies of the fate and effects of arsenicals in mice which cannot methylate arsenic could be instructive. This study compared retention and distribution of arsenic in As3mt knockout mice and in wild-type C57BL/6 mice in which expression of the As3mt gene is normal. Male and female mice of either genotype received an oral dose of 0.5 mg of arsenic as arsenate per kg containing [(73)As]-arsenate. Mice were radioassayed for up to 96 h after dosing; tissues were collected at 2 and 24 h after dosing. At 2 and 24 h after dosing, livers of As3mt knockouts contained a greater proportion of inorganic and monomethylated arsenic than did livers of C57BL/6 mice. A similar predominance of inorganic and monomethylated arsenic was found in the urine of As3mt knockouts. At 24 h after dosing, As3mt knockouts retained significantly higher percentages of arsenic dose in liver, kidneys, urinary bladder, lungs, heart, and carcass than did C57BL/6 mice. Whole body clearance of [(73)As] in As3mt knockouts was substantially slower than in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 h after dosing, As3mt knockouts retained about 50% and C57BL/6 mice about 6% of the dose. After 96 h, As3mt knockouts retained about 20% and C57BL/6 mice retained less than 2% of the dose. These data confirm a central role for As3mt in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic and indicate that phenotypes for arsenic retention and distribution are markedly affected by the null genotype for arsenic methylation, indicating a close linkage between the metabolism and retention of arsenicals. C1 [Edwards, Brenda C.; Herbin-Davis, Karen; Hughes, Michael F.; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Drobna, Zuzana; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Naranmandura, Hua; Chris Le, X.] Univ Alberta, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Fac Med & Dent, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Kubachka, Kevin M.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Branch, Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Maeda, Noboyu] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov RI Naranmandura, Hua/C-6499-2015; Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 FU NIH [1 R01 010845-01A2]; US EPA Cooperative Agreement [CR829522] FX We gratefully acknowledge the advice and assistance of our colleagues at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This research was supported in part by NIH grant 1 R01 010845-01A2 to M.S. and the US EPA Cooperative Agreement CR829522 (to M.S.). This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 42 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1713 EP 1720 DI 10.1021/tx900179r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 506XE UT WOS:000270810200008 PM 19691357 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Patterson, D Huwe, J Kahn, H AF Lorber, Matthew Patterson, Donald Huwe, Janice Kahn, Henry TI Evaluation of background exposures of Americans to dioxin-like compounds in the 1990s and the 2000s SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Dioxins; PCBs; Background exposure; NHANES ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; UNITED-STATES POPULATION; SERUM CONCENTRATION DATA; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; US POPULATION; SAMPLES; PCB; CONGENERS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's 2004 Dioxin Reassessment included a characterization of background exposures to dioxin-like compounds, including an estimate of an average background intake dose and an average background body burden. These quantities were derived from data generated in the mid-1990s. Studies conducted in the 2000s were gathered in an attempt to update the estimates generated by the Reassessment. While these studies suggest declines in the average background dose and body burden, a precise quantification of this decline, much less a conclusion that a decline has indeed occurred, cannot be made because of the inconsistency of study design and data sources, and the treatment of non-detects in the generation of congener average concentrations. The average background intake of the Reassessment was 61.0 pg TEQ/day, and using more current data, the average background intake was 40.6 pg TEQ/day. The average body burden from the surveys in the mid-1990s was 22.9 pg TEQ/g lipid weight (pg/g lwt). More recent blood concentration data, from NHANES 2001/2, suggest an adult average at 21.7 pg/g TEQ lwt. These TEQ values include the 17 dioxin and furan congeners and 3 coplanar PCBs, and were generated substituting ND = 1/2 DL or ND = DL/sq rt (2). Results are provided for ND = 0 and analyses conducted to evaluate the impacts of this substitution. A more detailed examination of beef and pork data from similarly designed national statistical surveys show that declines in pork are statistically significant while the beef concentrations appeared to have remained constant between the time periods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorber, Matthew; Kahn, Henry] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Patterson, Donald] EnviroSolut Consulting Inc, Jasper, GA 30143 USA. [Huwe, Janice] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2009 VL 77 IS 5 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515DB UT WOS:000271445700006 PM 19733382 ER PT J AU Eick, MJ Luxton, TP Welsh, HA AF Eick, Matthew J. Luxton, Todd P. Welsh, Holly A. TI EFFECT OF SILICA POLYMERIZATION ON THE OXALATE-PROMOTED DISSOLUTION OF GOETHITE SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Dissolution; Goethite; Oxalate; Polymerization; Silicic Acid ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ARSENIC ADSORPTION; DESFERRIOXAMINE-B; OXIDE MINERALS; MUGINEIC ACID; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SIO4 LIGANDS; IRON-OXIDES; FERRIHYDRITE; SURFACE AB Numerous studies have investigated the ligand-promoted dissolution of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. In natural environments, inorganic ligands can compete with organic ligands for surface sites oil (oxyhydr)oxides which may influence dissolution rates. Published research of this interaction and its effect oil the dissolution of (oxyhydr)oxides is rare. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which silica, as a naturally occurring competitive ligand added in the form of silicic acid, impacts the oxalate-promoted dissolution of the common soil Fe (oxyhydr)oxide goethite. Sorbed silica reduced the oxalate-promoted dissolution rate of goethite at all surface coverages investigated. As initial silica solution concentrations increased from 0.50 mM to 5.0 mM, relatively little change in the dissolution rate was observed. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that, as silica-surface coverages increased, the Silica underwent polymerization on the goethite surface. Initially, silicate was associated with surface functional groups, but as polymerization occurred some of the silica appeared to desorb from the goethite surface without being released into the bulk solution, suggesting that silica polymers formed discrete islands or surface clusters that grew away from the goethite surface rather than expanding epitaxially across the surface. Minimal changes were observed in the quantity of reactive goethite surface, which is responsible for the observed dissolution rates, as silica-surface coverages increased. C1 [Eick, Matthew J.; Welsh, Holly A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Luxton, Todd P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Eick, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM eick@vt.edu NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 28 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570506 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 543OD UT WOS:000273587000006 ER PT J AU Fischer, BM Domowicz, DAL Zheng, SO Carter, JL McElvaney, NG Taggart, C Lehmann, JR Voynow, JA Ghio, AJ AF Fischer, Bernard M. Domowicz, Denise A. Lopez Zheng, Shuo Carter, Jamie L. McElvaney, N. Gerry Taggart, Clifford Lehmann, James R. Voynow, Judith A. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Neutrophil Elastase Increases Airway Epithelial Nonheme Iron Levels SO CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; inflammation; iron ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; FERRITIN; LUNGS; CELLS; TRANSFERRIN; INFECTION AB Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is characterized by increased neutrophil elastase (NE) activity and oxidative stress in the lung. We hypothesized that NE exposure generates reactive oxygen species by increasing lung nonheme iron. To test this hypothesis, we measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) iron and ferritin levels, using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectroscopy and an ELISA, respectively, in A1AT-deficient patients and healthy subjects. To confirm the role of NE in regulating lung iron homeostasis, we administered intratracheally NE or control buffer to rats and measured BAL and lung iron and ferritin. Our results demonstrated that A1AT-deficient patients and rats postelastase exposure have elevated levels of iron and ferritin in the BAL. To investigate the mechanism of NE-induced increased iron levels, we exposed normal human airway epithelial cells to either NE or control vehicle in the presence or absence of ferritin, and quantified intracellular iron uptake using calcein fluorescence and ICP mass spectroscopy. We also tested whether NE degraded ferritin in vitro using ELISA and western analysis. We demonstrated in vitro that NE increased intracellular nonheme iron levels and degraded ferritin. Our results suggest that NE digests ferritin increasing the extracellular iron pool available for cellular uptake. C1 [Fischer, Bernard M.; Domowicz, Denise A. Lopez; Zheng, Shuo; Carter, Jamie L.; Voynow, Judith A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [McElvaney, N. Gerry] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Med, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Lehmann, James R.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Taggart, Clifford] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Infect & Immun, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Voynow, JA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM voyno001@mc.duke.edu RI McElvaney, Noel/A-6809-2010; Taggart, Clifford/G-4492-2014 FU National Institute of Health [HL082504, HL081763] FX This study was financially supported by National Institute of Health grants HL082504 (JAV) and HL081763 (BMF). NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-8054 J9 CTS-CLIN TRANSL SCI JI CTS-Clin. Transl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 2 IS 5 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00151.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 533SD UT WOS:000272844100008 PM 20411049 ER PT J AU Richardson, VM DeVito, MJ AF Richardson, Vicki M. DeVito, Michael J. TI Effects of phenobarbital on thyroid hormone catabolism in rat hepatocytes SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th North American Regional ISSX Meeting CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Richardson, Vicki M.; DeVito, Michael J.] US EPA, ORD Nheerl Istd PB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 41 SU 3 MA 305 BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 629AB UT WOS:000280165300292 ER PT J AU Newbold, SC Siikamaki, J AF Newbold, Stephen C. Siikamaeki, Juha TI Prioritizing conservation activities using reserve site selection methods and population viability analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; cost-effectiveness; endangered species; Oncorhynchus spp.; population viability analysis; reserve site selection; salmon ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; PACIFIC SALMON; MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; COHO SALMON; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE; DESIGN; ALGORITHMS; RECOVERY AB In recent years a large literature on reserve site selection (RSS) has developed at the interface between ecology, operations research, and environmental economics. Reserve site selection models use numerical optimization techniques to select sites for a network of nature reserves for protecting biodiversity. In this paper, we develop a population viability analysis (PVA) model for salmon and incorporate it into an RSS framework for prioritizing conservation activities in upstream watersheds. We use spawner return data for three closely related salmon stocks in the upper Columbia River basin and estimates of the economic costs of watershed protection from NOAA to illustrate the framework. We compare the relative cost-effectiveness of five alternative watershed prioritization methods, based on various combinations of biological and economic information. Prioritization based on biological benefit-economic cost comparisons and accounting for spatial interdependencies among watersheds substantially outperforms other more heuristic methods. When using this best-performing prioritization method, spending 10% of the cost of protecting all upstream watersheds yields 79% of the biological benefits (increase in stock persistence) from protecting all watersheds, compared to between 20% and 64% for the alternative methods. We also find that prioritization based on either costs or benefits alone can lead to severe reductions in cost-effectiveness. C1 [Newbold, Stephen C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Siikamaeki, Juha] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov FU University of Washington, Resources for the Future; U. S. EPA FX We thank Matt Clark, Andrew Plantinga, Mark Plummer, Ashley Steel, seminar participants at the University of Washington, Resources for the Future, the summer workshop of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, the annual meetings of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economics, and two reviewers for many helpful comments. Any remaining errors are our own. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U. S. EPA. No Agency endorsement should be inferred. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1774 EP 1790 DI 10.1890/08-0599.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496BH UT WOS:000269942500008 PM 19831069 ER PT J AU Liu, LL Greaver, TL AF Liu, Lingli Greaver, Tara L. TI A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: the CO2 sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4 emission SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Agricultural system; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; emission; uptake factor; forest; global GHG budget; methane; N deposition; N saturation; nitrous oxide; wetland ID AVAILABLE MEASUREMENT DATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST SOILS; METHANE OXIDATION; OXIDE EMISSIONS; ELEVATED CO2; N-DEPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment of ecosystems, mainly from fuel combustion and fertilizer application, alters biogeochemical cycling of ecosystems in a way that leads to altered flux of biogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Our meta-analysis of 313 observations across 109 studies evaluated the effect of N addition on the flux of three major GHGs: CO2, CH4 and N2O. The objective was to quantitatively synthesize data from agricultural and non-agricultural terrestrial ecosystems across the globe and examine whether factors, such as ecosystem type, N addition level and chemical form of N addition influence the direction and magnitude of GHG fluxes. Results indicate that N addition increased ecosystem carbon content of forests by 6%, marginally increased soil organic carbon of agricultural systems by 2%, but had no significant effect on net ecosystem CO2 exchange for non-forest natural ecosystems. Across all ecosystems, N addition increased CH4 emission by 97%, reduced CH4 uptake by 38% and increased N2O emission by 216%. The net effect of N on the global GHG budget is calculated and this topic is reviewed. Most often N addition is considered to increase forest C sequestration without consideration of N stimulation of GHG production in other ecosystems. However, our study indicated that although N addition increased the global terrestrial C sink, the CO2 reduction could be largely offset (53-76%) by N stimulation of global CH4 and N2O emission from multiple ecosystems. C1 [Liu, Lingli; Greaver, Tara L.] US EPA, Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Liu, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lingliliu@hotmail.com; greaver.tara@epa.gov RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151 FU Research Participation Fellowship Program; National Center for Environmental Assessment; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; U.S. Department of Energy and EPA FX The authors thank Dr Jana Compton, Dr Jeffrey Herrick and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This study was supported by the Research Participation Fellowship Program at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. This study was reviewed by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view and policies of the Agency nor mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 72 TC 175 Z9 193 U1 34 U2 288 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1117 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 493NB UT WOS:000269742600010 PM 19694782 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, A AF Fairbrother, Anne TI Federal environmental legislation in the US for protection of wildlife and regulation of environmental contaminants SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildlife; Legislation; Contaminants; Environmental laws; International conventions AB The U.S. has a long history of legislation to protect wildlife, beginning with the Lacey Act of 1900. There are now over 170 Federal laws that regulate environmental activities which may affect wildlife. Two important laws are the Pittman-Robertson Act enacted in 1937 that authorizes a tax for wildlife management and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act passed in 1958 whose primary purpose is conservation of fish and wildlife, both of which continue to provide significant funding for wildlife management. Modern environmental regulations began by passage of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969, followed by the Clean Water Act, Superfund, and other laws to regulate pesticides and toxics and clean up contaminated sites. International conventions regulate sale, use and disposal of toxics and ocean dumping. These laws and conventions should protect wildlife from unintended consequences of global industrialization. C1 [Fairbrother, Anne] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Fairbrother, A (reprint author), Exponent, 15375 SE 30th Pl,Suite 250, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA. EM afairbrother@exponent.com FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development FX This work was funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Office of Research and Development. Although the work was reviewed by U. S. EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 784 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0355-9 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 488AC UT WOS:000269319900002 PM 19562483 ER PT J AU Matson, CW Gillespie, AM McCarthy, C McDonald, TJ Bickham, JW Sullivan, R Donnelly, KC AF Matson, Cole W. Gillespie, Annika M. McCarthy, Chris McDonald, Thomas J. Bickham, John W. Sullivan, Robert Donnelly, K. C. TI Wildlife toxicology: biomarkers of genotoxic exposures at a hazardous waste site SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mosquitofish; Gambusia affinis; Cricket frogs; Acris crepitans; Flow cytometry; Chromosomal damage; Genotoxicity; Biomarker; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; DNA damage ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; TESTICULAR TISSUES; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRAND BREAKS; DNA ANALYSIS; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT AB A large number of hazardous waste sites in the United States have undergone the initial stages of remediation or containment. At many of the remaining sites, the potential for exposure to ecological receptors is a primary concern. This manuscript reports on studies to investigate the impact on ecological receptors exposed to complex mixtures at a former creosote facility. Currently there are isolated areas on-site that were not addressed in the initial removal action that appear to be releasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the surrounding environment. The U.S. EPA collected environmental samples and performed ex situ sediment bioassays to measure chronic toxicity; whereas, this study describes an in situ study to measure biomarkers of effect in two ecological receptors. Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) were collected from a small intermittent creek adjacent to the site, and reference stations. A weight-of-evidence ecological risk assessment was completed for the amphibian and fish communities. The ecological risk assessment was developed using analysis of media chemistry, body burden of specific PAHs, bioassay results, community surveys, and cellular genome size variation as a biomarker of genotoxicity. Flow cytometric estimates of chromosomal damage were significantly elevated for both mosquitofish and cricket frogs inhabiting the contaminated site, relative to at least one reference site. Surface water screening values for fish and amphibians exceeded screening values for PAHs by more than one order of magnitude in the on-site creek, and sediment PAH concentrations were extremely high (up to 1,549 mu g/dry g). Tissue concentrations of PAHs were below screening values. Media chemistry, bioassay and genotoxicity data all support the same conclusion that on-site PAHs continue to impact aquatic receptors. The genotoxicity findings are consistent with and contribute to results of the weight-of-evidence ecological risk assessment. The results support continuing efforts to incorporate biomarkers as valuable lines of evidence within ecological risk assessment. C1 [Matson, Cole W.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Matson, Cole W.; Bickham, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gillespie, Annika M.; Donnelly, K. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McCarthy, Chris] CH2M Hill Inc, Houston, TX 77040 USA. [McDonald, Thomas J.; Donnelly, K. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sullivan, Robert] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP Matson, CW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM matson@duke.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU Texas A&M NIEHS Superfund Basic Research [P42ES04917]; Duke NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Center [P42ES010356] FX The authors acknowledge the technical support and guidance of staff from the USEPA and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. This work was funded by Texas A&M NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program (P42ES04917). Partial salary support was provided to C. W. M. by the Duke NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Center (P42ES010356). An earlier version of this manuscript was included as a chapter in the dissertation of A. M. G. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 886 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0350-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 488AC UT WOS:000269319900013 PM 19533345 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Vivian, DN Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy Vivian, Deborah N. Barron, Mace G. TI Standardizing acute toxicity data for use in ecotoxicology models: influence of test type, life stage, and concentration reporting SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecotoxicological models; Data standardization; Acute toxicity; Life stage; Acute test type; Measured concentrations ID SPECIES-SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERSPECIES CORRELATION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; AQUATIC TOXICITY; INVERTEBRATES; CYPERMETHRIN; ORGANISMS; FISH AB Ecotoxicological models generally have large data requirements and are frequently based on existing information from diverse sources. Standardizing data for toxicological models may be necessary to reduce extraneous variation and to ensure models reflect intrinsic relationships. However, the extent to which data standardization is necessary remains unclear, particularly when data transformations are used in model development. An extensive acute toxicity database was compiled for aquatic species to comprehensively assess the variation associated with acute toxicity test type (e.g., flow-through, static), reporting concentrations as nominal or measured, and organism life stage. Three approaches were used to assess the influence of these factors on log-transformed acute toxicity: toxicity ratios, log-linear models of factor groups, and comparison of interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models developed using either standardized test types or reported concentration type. In general, median ratios were generally less than 2.0, the slopes of log-linear models were approximately one for well-represented comparisons, and ICE models developed using data from standardized test types or reported concentrations did not differ substantially. These results indicate that standardizing test data by acute test type, reported concentration type, or life stage may not be critical for developing ecotoxicological models using large datasets of log-transformed values. C1 [Raimondo, Sandy; Vivian, Deborah N.; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX Sorci Soriano, Marion Marchetto, and Sarah Kell provided invaluable assistance with database quality assurance. Sonya Doten assisted with collection of technical materials. Chuck Stephan reviewed an earlier version of this manuscript. The information in this document has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1350 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 918 EP 928 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0353-y PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 488AC UT WOS:000269319900016 PM 19533342 ER PT J AU Wolansky, MJ Gennings, C DeVito, MJ Crofton, KM AF Wolansky, Marcelo J. Gennings, Chris DeVito, Michael J. Crofton, Kevin M. TI Evidence for Dose-Additive Effects of Pyrethroids on Motor Activity in Rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE additivity; cumulative; mixtures; neurotoxicity; pyrethroids ID STRUCTURE-TOXICITY RELATIONSHIPS; SUBURBAN CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INTERACTION THRESHOLD; SODIUM-CHANNELS; CARE-CENTERS; ION CHANNELS; INSECTICIDES AB BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids are neurotoxic insecticides used in a variety of indoor and outdoor applications. Previous research characterized the acute dose-effect functions for 11 pyrethroids administered orally in corn oil (1 mL/kg) based on assessment of motor activity. OBJECTIVES: We used a mixture of these 11 pyrethroids and the same testing paradigm used in single-compound assays to test the hypothesis that cumulative neurotoxic effects of pyrethroid mixtures can be predicted using the default dose-addition theory. METHODS: Mixing ratios of the 11 pyrethroids in the tested mixture were based on the ED30 (effective dose that produces a 30% decrease in response) of the individual chemical (i.e., the mixture comprised equipotent amounts of each pyrethroid). The highest concentration of each individual chemical in the mixture was less than the threshold for inducing behavioral effects. Adult male rats received acute oral exposure to corn oil (control) or dilutions of the stock mixture solution. The mixture of 11 pyrethroids was administered either simultaneously (2 hr before testing) or after a sequence based on times of peak effect for the individual chemicals (4, 2, and I hr before testing). A threshold additivity model was fit to the single-chemical data to predict the theoretical dose-effect relationship for the mixture under the assumption of dose additivity. RESULTS: When subthreshold doses of individual chemicals were combined in the mixtures, we found significant dose-related decreases in motor activity. Further, we found no departure from the predicted dose-additive curve regardless of the mixture dosing protocol used. CONCLUSION: In this article we present the first in vivo evidence on pyrethroid cumulative effects supporting the default assumption of dose addition. C1 [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolansky, Marcelo J.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Quim Biol, Area Toxicol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Gennings, Chris] Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA USA. [DeVito, Michael J.] US EPA, Div Expt Toxicol, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, MD-B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 80 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 117 IS 10 BP 1563 EP 1570 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900667 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 503JI UT WOS:000270529800032 PM 20019907 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Chen, AM Radcliffe, J Dietrich, KN Jones, RL Caldwell, K Rogan, WJ AF Cao, Yang Chen, Aimin Radcliffe, Jerilynn Dietrich, Kim N. Jones, Robert L. Caldwell, Kathleen Rogan, Walter J. TI Postnatal Cadmium Exposure, Neurodevelopment, and Blood Pressure in Children at 2, 5, and 7 Years of Age SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE behavior; blood pressure; cadmium; children; clinical trial; intelligence; neurodevelopment ID CHELATION-THERAPY; URINARY CADMIUM; LEAD; HAIR; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; MAIN; POLLUTANTS; BEHAVIOR; ALCOHOL AB BACKGROUND: Adverse health effects of cadmium in adults are well documented, but little is known about the neuropsychological effects of cadmium in children, and no studies of cadmium and blood pressure in children have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: We examined the potential effects of low-level cadmium exposure on intelligence quotient, neuropsychological functions, behavior, and blood pressure among children, using blood cadmium as a measure of exposure. METHODS: We used the data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lead-exposed children and analyzed blood cadmium concentrations using the whole blood samples collected when children were 2 years of age. We compared neuropsychological and behavioral scores at 2, 5, and 7 years of age by cadmium level and analyzed the relationship between blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. RESULTS: The average cadmium concentration of these children was 0.21 mu g/L, lower than for adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but comparable to concentrations in children < 3 years of age in NHANES. Except for the California Verbal Learning Test for Children, there were no differences in test scores among children in different cadmium categories. For children with detectable pretreatment blood cadmium, after adjusting for a variety of covariates, general linear model analyses showed that at none of the three age points was the coefficient of cadmium on Mental Development Index or IQ statistically significant. Spline regression analysis suggested that behavioral problem scores at 5 and 7 years of age tended to increase with increasing blood cadmium, but the trend was not significant. We found no significant associations between blood cadmium levels and blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We found no significant associations between background blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and neurodevelopmental end points and blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. The neuropsychological or hypertensive effects from longer background exposures to cadmium need further study. C1 [Cao, Yang] Second Mil Med Univ, Fac Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Stat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Cao, Yang; Rogan, Walter J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chen, Aimin] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Omaha, NE USA. [Radcliffe, Jerilynn] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Radcliffe, Jerilynn] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dietrich, Kim N.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Jones, Robert L.; Caldwell, Kathleen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cao, Y (reprint author), Second Mil Med Univ, Fac Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Stat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM caoy2@niehs.nih.gov RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 FU National Institute of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 66 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 117 IS 10 BP 1580 EP 1586 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900765 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 503JI UT WOS:000270529800034 PM 20019909 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Dix, David J. TI US EPA's Toxicity Reference Database: Martin and Dix Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID CHEMICALS C1 [Martin, Matthew T.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Martin, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Martin.Matt@epamail.epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013 OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 117 IS 10 BP A432 EP A433 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900951R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 503JI UT WOS:000270529800003 ER PT J AU Wade, TG Wickham, JD Zacarelli, N Riitters, KH AF Wade, Timothy G. Wickham, James D. Zacarelli, Nicola Riitters, Kurt H. TI A multi-scale method of mapping urban influence SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Urban pattern; Cluster analysis; GIS; Scale; Ecosystem services ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATABASE; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB Urban development can impact environmental quality and ecosystem services well beyond urban extent. Many methods to map urban areas have been developed and used in the past, but most have simply tried to map existing extent of urban development, and all have been single-scale techniques. The method presented here uses a clustering approach to look beyond the extant urban area at multiple scales. The result is a single, synoptic multi-scale map of urban influence that should be useful in urban, regional and environmental planning efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wade, Timothy G.; Wickham, James D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zacarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, TG (reprint author), US EPA, MD243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.timothy@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. We thank Deb Chaloud (US EPA) and Dr. Ari jolma for their comments and suggestions. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1256 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.03.006 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LP UT WOS:000267586600012 ER PT J AU Lynch, SM Mahajan, R Freeman, LEB Hoppin, JA Alavanja, MCR AF Lynch, Shannon M. Mahajan, Rajeev Freeman, Laura E. Beane Hoppin, Jane A. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to butylate in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Butylate; Pesticide; Cancer; Agricultural Health Study ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; PROSTATE-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; COHORT; METAANALYSIS; SOLVENTS; BENZENE AB Although limited, epidemiologic studies suggest possible associations between butylate use and cancer risk, specifically prostate cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We examined butylate use and cancer risk more broadly in the AHS, a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Pesticide use information was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Two exposure metrics were used: lifetime exposure days (LD) and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days (IWLD). We used two referent groups: unexposed to butylate and the lowest butylate usage category. This analysis included 19,655 applicators with complete butylate use information; 5297 applicators were exposed to butylate, making this the largest study of butylate to date. The mean follow-up time since enrollment was 9 years. Prostate cancer risk was significantly elevated among applicators in the highest LD category in both referent groups (low-exposed referent: RR(LD) = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.27-3.44). We observed a significantly elevated joint effect of prostate cancer family history and high butylate usage across both exposure metrics and both referent groups (low-exposed referent: RR(LD) = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.07-3.74), and a non-significant, elevated interaction between butylate use and prostate cancer family history, similar to a previous AHS finding. Statistically significant increased risks and exposure-response trends were seen for all lymphohematopoietic cancers (AL) and NHL for both exposure metrics and referent groups (low-exposed referent: AL:RR(LD) = 2.27, 95% Cl = 1.18-4.37; NHL: RR(LD) = 3.44, 95% Cl = 1.29-9.21). Our analysis did not find meaningful associations for other cancers analyzed. Further study is warranted for AL, NHL and prostate cancers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mahajan, Rajeev; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Alavanja, Michael C. R.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Lynch, Shannon M.] NCI, Epidemiol & Genet Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM Alavanjm@mail.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015 OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 109 IS 7 BP 860 EP 868 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.06.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499UV UT WOS:000270252600009 PM 19615679 ER PT J AU Titus, JG Hudgens, DE Trescott, DL Craghan, M Nuckols, WH Hershner, CH Kassakian, JM Linn, CJ Merritt, PG Mccue, TM O'Connell, JF Tanski, J Wang, J AF Titus, J. G. Hudgens, D. E. Trescott, D. L. Craghan, M. Nuckols, W. H. Hershner, C. H. Kassakian, J. M. Linn, C. J. Merritt, P. G. McCue, T. M. O'Connell, J. F. Tanski, J. Wang, J. TI State and local governments plan for development of most land vulnerable to rising sea level along the US Atlantic coast SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; adaptation; land use planning; sea level rise; wetland migration; shore protection ID 21ST-CENTURY; WETLANDS; RISE AB Rising sea level threatens existing coastal wetlands. Overall ecosystems could often survive by migrating inland, if adjacent lands remained vacant. On the basis of 131 state and local land use plans, we estimate that almost 60% of the land below 1 m along the US Atlantic coast is expected to be developed and thus unavailable for the inland migration of wetlands. Less than 10% of the land below 1 m has been set aside for conservation. Environmental regulators routinely grant permits for shore protection structures (which block wetland migration) on the basis of a federal finding that these structures have no cumulative environmental impact. Our results suggest that shore protection does have a cumulative impact. If sea level rise is taken into account, wetland policies that previously seemed to comply with federal law probably violate the Clean Water Act. C1 [Titus, J. G.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hudgens, D. E.; Kassakian, J. M.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Trescott, D. L.] SW Florida Reg Planning Council, Ft Myers, FL 33901 USA. [Craghan, M.] Middle Atlantic Ctr Geog & Environm Studies, Manasquan, NJ 08736 USA. [Nuckols, W. H.] WH Nuckols Consulting, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Hershner, C. H.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Linn, C. J.] Delaware Valley Reg Planning Commiss, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA. [Merritt, P. G.] Treasure Coast Reg Planning Council, Stuart, FL 34994 USA. [McCue, T. M.] E Cent Florida Reg Planning Council, Maitland, FL 32751 USA. [O'Connell, J. F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Sea Grant Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Tanski, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, New York Sea Grant Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wang, J.] Pyramid Syst Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Titus, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We thank Richard Alley, Virginia Burkett, Vivien Gornitz, Dork Sahagian, and two anonymous reviewers for critical discussions and review of the manuscript; Many Cela, Neal Etre, John Herter, Andrew Hickok, Russ Jones, Gaurav Singha, Richard Streeter, and Kevin Wright for GIS support; and Jeff Alexander, Teresa Concannon, Walter Clark, Peter Johnston, Cheryl Matheny, and Maurice Postal for data collection and expert elicitation. Participants at stakeholder meetings and the federal advisory committee organized to review the US Climate Change Science Program's report on coastal elevations and sensitivity to sea level rise helped us to understand the need to explain our approach based on the input land use data rather than the output likelihood of shore protection. We also thank 160 state and local planners listed in table S1 (available at stacks.iop.org/ERL/4/044008/mmedia) for explaining key policies and providing data for their respective jurisdictions. During the years 2000-2007, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided $2 million in contracts, grants, and salaries to support the research reported in this letter. Accordingly, the US government has a royalty-free license to reproduce this letter. For specific author contributions, see the supplementary material (available at stacks. iop. org/ERL/4/044008/mmedia). NR 29 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR 044008 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 534ME UT WOS:000272900500010 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR Agarwal, S AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. Agarwal, Shirish TI Catalytic Role of Palladium and Relative Reactivity of Substituted Chlorines during Adsorption and Treatment of PCBs on Reactive Activated Carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; ZEROVALENT IRON; BIMETALLIC PARTICLES; SUBCRITICAL WATER; HYDRODECHLORINATION; CONGENERS; PATHWAYS AB The adsorption-mediated dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a unique feature of reactive activated carbon (RAC). Here, we address the RAC system, containing a tunable amount of Fe as a primary electron donor coupled with Pd as an electrochemical catalyst to potentially respond to the characteristic of contaminated sites, effectively traps and treats various PCB congeners. A dramatic increase in RAC reactivity with Pd doping at as low as 0.01% suggests its critical role for accelerating hydrodechlorination of PCBs. Characteristic adsorption and dechlorination behavior and ensuing decomposition pathways of 13 selected PCB congeners are discussed with their surface interactions with RAC. Important findings include W inherent dechlorination susceptibility of chlorines in pare > meta > ortho position, regardless of independent or competitive conditions as well as substrate effects, (ii) favorable reduction of more toxic coplanar PCB congeners, (iii) preferential electrophilic attack to chlorines in a less substituted phenyl ring and an isolated chlorine, regardless of the steric or inductive effect as a dominant limiting factor for the dechlorination of ortho or meta PCBs, respectively, (iv) prominent dechlorination inhibition for higher ortho congeners but negligible inhibition for higher meta congeners, and (v) eventual complete dechlorination of higher PCB congeners to biphenyl. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. EPA. Therefore, the research results do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency or its policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We recognize the support of Mr. Eric Graybill of the EPA for GC/MS analysis. Donation of the GAC by Norit Americas Inc. is appreciated. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 7510 EP 7515 DI 10.1021/es901298b PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498JT UT WOS:000270136500057 PM 19848169 ER PT J AU Stanley, K Simonich, SM Bradford, D Davidson, C Tallent-Halsell, N AF Stanley, Kerri Simonich, Staci Massey Bradford, David Davidson, Carlos Tallent-Halsell, Nita TI COMPARISON OF PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION AND MATRIX SOLID-PHASE DISPERSION FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND ACCUMULATION IN TADPOLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tadpoles; Semivolatile organic compounds; Pesticides; Pressurized liquid extraction; Matrix solid-phase dispersion ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; RANA-TEMPORARIA; NATIONAL-PARK; GREEN FROGS; UV-B AB Analytical methods capable of trace measurement of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) are necessary to assess the exposure of tadpoles to contaminants as a result of long-range and regional atmospheric transport and deposition. The present study compares the results of two analytical methods, one using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and the other using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), for the trace measurement of more than 70 SOCs in tadpole tissue, including current-use pesticides. The MSPD method resulted in improved SOC recoveries and precision compared to the PLE method. The MSPD method also required less time, consumed less solvent, and resulted in the measurement of a greater number of SOCs than the PLE method. C1 [Stanley, Kerri; Simonich, Staci Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simonich, Staci Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bradford, David; Tallent-Halsell, Nita] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Davidson, Carlos] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Simonich, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 1007 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM staci.simonich@oregonstate.edu FU U. S. EPA [DW14989008]; California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB); U. S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES00210] FX The research described in the present study was funded in part by the U. S. EPA through Interagency Agreement DW14989008 with the National Park Service. This article has been approved by the U. S. EPA for publication. Funding has also been provided in part through an agreement with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) pursuant to the Costa-Machado Water Act of 2000 (Proposition 13) and any amendments thereto for the implementation of California's Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the California SWRCB, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This publication was made possible in part by the U. S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant P30ES00210). The authors would like to thank Luke Ackerman and Glenn Wilson for helpful discussions and assistance. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2038 EP 2043 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800004 PM 19432502 ER PT J AU D'eon, JC Crozier, PW Furdui, VI Reiner, EJ Libelo, EL Mabury, SA AF D'eon, Jessica C. Crozier, Patrick W. Furdui, Vasile I. Reiner, Eric J. Libelo, E. Laurence Mabury, Scott A. TI PERFLUORINATED PHOSPHONIC ACIDS IN CANADIAN SURFACE WATERS AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT: DISCOVERY OF A NEW CLASS OF PERFLUORINATED ACIDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated acids; Perfluorinated phosphonic acids; Surface water; Wastewater; Solid-phase extraction ID FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOLS; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHAIN; BIOTA; RIVER; RAT AB The environmental prevalence of a new class of perfluorinated acids, the perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs), was determined in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. For quality control and comparison, the C8- to C11-perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were included in the analysis. Water samples were extracted using weak anion-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Perfluorinated phosphonic acids were observed in 80% of surface water samples and in six of the seven WWTP effluent samples. The C8-PFPA was observed at concentrations ranging from 88 +/- 33 to 3,400 +/- 900 pg/L in surface waters and from 760 +/- 270 to 2,500 +/- 320 pg/L in WWTP effluent. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of PFPAs in the environment. Given their structural similarities with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids, PFPAs are expected to be persistent. The observation of PFPAs in the majority of samples analyzed here suggests they are prevalent environmental contaminants and should be considered in future environmental monitoring campaigns to better understand the total burden of fluorinated materials in the environment. C1 [D'eon, Jessica C.; Furdui, Vasile I.; Mabury, Scott A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Crozier, Patrick W.; Reiner, Eric J.] Ontario Minist Environm, Lab Serv Branch, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. [Libelo, E. Laurence] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mabury, SA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM smabury@chem.utoronto.ca OI Reiner, Eric /0000-0002-5349-2139 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of the Environment Best in Science award; Canada Graduate Scholarship FX The authors would like to thank Gilles Arsenault (Wellington Laboratories) for providing the C6-, C8-, and C10-PFPA standards and the labeled internal standards, 3M for the donation of an API 4000 mass spectrometer, and Brian Scott (Environment Canada), John Struger (Environment Canada), and Paul Helm (Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, ON, Canada) for water samples. Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Best in Science award, and a Canada Graduate Scholarship to J. C. D'eon. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2101 EP 2107 DI 10.1897/09-048.S1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800011 PM 19463027 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Hartig, PC Cardon, MC Wilson, VS AF Rider, Cynthia V. Hartig, Phillip C. Cardon, Mary C. Wilson, Vickie S. TI COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL BINDING TO RECOMBINANT FATHEAD MINNOW AND HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ALPHA IN WHOLE CELL AND CELL-FREE BINDING ASSAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE In vitro; Saturation binding; Competitive binding; Xenoestrogens ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIGAND-BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; XENOESTROGENS; AFFINITIES; RESIDUES AB Mammalian receptors and assay systems are generally used for in vitro screening of endocrine-disrupting chemicals with the assumption that minor differences in amino acid sequences among species do not translate into significant differences in receptor function. Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the performance of two different in vitro assay systems (a whole cell and a cell-free competitive binding assay) in assessing whether binding of chemicals differs significantly between full-length recombinant estrogen receptors from fathead minnows (fhER alpha) and those from humans (hER alpha). It was confirmed that 17 beta-estradiol displays a reduction in binding to fhER alpha at an elevated temperature (37 degrees C), as has been reported with other piscine estrogen receptors. Several of the chemicals (17 beta-estradiol, ethinylestradiol, alpha-zearalanol, fulvestrant, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, and cadmium chloride) displayed higher affinity for fhER alpha than for hER alpha in the whole cell assay, while only dibutyl phthalate had a higher affinity for fhER alpha than for hER alpha in the cell-free assay. Both assays were effective in identifying strong binders, weak binders, and nonbinders to the two receptors. However, the cell-free assay provided a less complicated and more efficient binding platform and is, therefore, recommended over the whole cell binding assay. In conclusion, no strong evidence showed species-specific binding among the chemicals tested. C1 [Rider, Cynthia V.; Hartig, Phillip C.; Cardon, Mary C.; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov FU North Carolina State University/Environmental Protection Agency [CT833235-01-0] FX Funding was provided by the North Carolina State University/Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Program CT833235-01-0. We would like to thank D. Martinovic. All constructs discussed herein are available upon request. The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2175 EP 2181 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800020 PM 19453209 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Ryu, H Kabiri-Badr, L Rock, CM Abbaszadegan, M AF McLain, Jean E. T. Ryu, Hodon Kabiri-Badr, Leila Rock, Channah M. Abbaszadegan, Morteza TI Lack of specificity for PCR assays targeting human Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene: cross-amplification with fish feces SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; Bacteroides; water quality ID REAL-TIME PCR; HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; FRESH-WATER; MARKERS; QUANTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIA; TRACT; FLORA AB Methods focused on members of the genus Bacteroides have been increasingly utilized in microbial source-tracking studies for identifying and quantifying sources of nonpoint fecal contamination. We present results using standard and real-time PCR to show cross-amplification of Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene molecular assays targeting human fecal pollution with fecal DNA from freshwater fish species. All except one of the presumptively human-specific assays amplified fecal DNA from at least one fish species, and one real-time PCR assay amplified DNA from all fish species tested. Sequencing of PCR amplicons generated from fish fecal DNA using primers from the real-time assay revealed no mismatches to the human-specific probe sequences, but the nucleotide sequences of clones from fish fecal samples differed markedly from those of human feces, suggesting that the fish-related bacteria may be different strains. Our results strongly demonstrate the potential for cross-amplification of human-specific PCR assays with fish feces, and may call into question the results of studies in which these Bacteroides-specific molecular markers are used to quantify human fecal contamination in waters where fish contribute to fecal inputs. C1 [McLain, Jean E. T.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ryu, Hodon] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kabiri-Badr, Leila; Abbaszadegan, Morteza] Arizona State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Water Qual Ctr, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. [Rock, Channah M.] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP McLain, JET (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jean.mclain@ars.usda.gov RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 299 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01745.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 490XB UT WOS:000269540300005 PM 19686344 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Spaulding, SA Stohlgren, TJ Hermann, KA Schmidt, TS Bahls, LL AF Kumar, Sunil Spaulding, Sarah A. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Hermann, Karl A. Schmidt, Travis S. Bahls, Loren L. TI Potential habitat distribution for the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the continental US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; INFERENCE MODELS; CLIMATE; LAKES; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; INVASION; PATTERNS; RIVERS AB The diatom Didymosphenia geminata is a single-celled alga found in lakes, streams, and rivers. Nuisance blooms of D geminata affect the diversity, abundance, and productivity of other aquatic organisms. Because D geminata can be transported by humans on waders and other gear, accurate spatial prediction of habitat suitability is urgently needed for early detection and rapid response, as well as for evaluation of monitoring and control programs. We compared four modeling methods to predict D geminata's habitat distribution; two methods use presence-absence data (logistic regression and classification and regression tree [CART]), and two involve presence data (maximum entropy model [Maxent] and genetic algorithm for rule-set production [GARP]). Using these methods, we evaluated spatially explicit, bioclimatic and environmental variables as predictors of diatom distribution. The Maxent model provided the most accurate predictions, followed by logistic regression, CART, and GARP. The most suitable habitats were predicted to occur in the western US, in relatively cool sites, and at high elevations with a high base-flow index. The results provide insights into the factors that affect the distribution of D geminata and a spatial basis for the prediction of nuisance blooms. C1 [Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Hermann, Karl A.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bahls, Loren L.] Hannaea, Helena, MT USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sunil@nrel.colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 FU EPA Region 8; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; USGS Fort Collins Science Center; NASA [NRA-03-OES-03] FX We thank M Bothwell, C Kilroy, C Vieglais, and M Potapova for helpful discussions. This work is based on the development of the EMAP program in Corvallis, OR, and the work of A Herlihy, P Kaufmann, P Larson, S Paulson, D Peck, and J Stoddard. N Gillett and K Manoylov provided additional information. We thank EPA Region 8, the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, and USGS Fort Collins Science Center for funding and logistical support. TJS and SK acknowledge funding for data analysis from NASA grant NRA-03-OES-03. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 IS 8 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1890/080054 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508RD UT WOS:000270949800016 ER PT J AU Tsvilovskyy, VV Zholos, AV Aberle, T Philipp, SE Dietrich, A Zhu, MX Birnbaumer, L Freichel, M Flockerzi, V AF Tsvilovskyy, Volodymyr V. Zholos, Alexander V. Aberle, Thomas Philipp, Stephan E. Dietrich, Alexander Zhu, Michael X. Birnbaumer, Lutz Freichel, Marc Flockerzi, Veit TI Deletion of TRPC4 and TRPC6 in Mice Impairs Smooth Muscle Contraction and Intestinal Motility In Vivo SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSELECTIVE CATION CHANNELS; OPERATED CA2+ ENTRY; GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; G-PROTEIN; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; CELLS; ACTIVATION; CARBACHOL AB BACKGROUND & AIMS: Downstream effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation in intestinal smooth muscle include contraction and intestinal transit. We thought to determine whether classic transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels integrate the intracellular signaling cascades evoked by the stimulated receptors and thereby contribute to the control of the membrane potential, Ca-influx, and cell responses. METHODS: We created trpc4-, trpc6-, and trpc4/trpc6-gene- deficient mice and analyzed them for intestinal smooth muscle function in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: In intestinal smooth Muscle cells TRPC4 forms a 55 pS cation channel and underlies more than 80% of the muscarinic receptor-induced cation current (mI(CAT)). The residual mI(CAT) depends on the expression of TRPC6, indicating that TRPC6 and TP-PC4 determine mI(CAT) channel activity independent of other channel subunits. In TRPC4-deficient ileal myocytes the carbachol-induced membrane depolarizations are diminished greatly and the atropine-sensitive contraction elicited. by acetylcholine release from excitatory motor neurons is reduced greatly. Additional deletion of TRPC6 aggravates these effects. Intestinal transit is slowed down in mice lacking TRPC4 and TRPC6. CONCLUSIONS: In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels are gated by muscarinic receptors and are responsible for MICAT. They couple muscarinic receptors to depolarization of intestinal smooth muscle cells and voltage-activated Ca2+-influx and contraction, and thereby accelerate small intestinal motility in vivo. C1 [Tsvilovskyy, Volodymyr V.; Aberle, Thomas; Philipp, Stephan E.; Freichel, Marc; Flockerzi, Veit] Univ Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany. [Zholos, Alexander V.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Vis & Vasc Sci, Sch Med Dent & Biomed Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Dietrich, Alexander] Univ Marburg, Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, Fak Med, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. [Zhu, Michael X.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, Michael X.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mol Neurobiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Signal Transduct Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Freichel, M (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Kirrberger Str,Gebaude 46, D-66421 Homburg, Germany. EM marc.freichel@uks.eu RI Zholos, Alexander/A-7017-2011; Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013; OI Zholos, Alexander/0000-0002-4320-149X; Dietrich, Alexander/0000-0002-1168-8707 FU Intramural Research Programs of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01-ES-101684]; National Institutes of Health [DK081654]; Homburger Forschungsforderung sprogramm; Deutsche Forschungsgemelnschaft; Forschungskommisslon der UdS; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-101684) to (L.B.), by National Institutes of Health grant DK081654 (MXZ. and A.V.Z.), by Homburger Forschungsforderung sprogramm (HOMFOR) (M.F., V.V.T., S.E.P., and V.F.), by Deutsche Forschungsgemenschaft and Forschungskommisslon der UdS (M.F. and V.F.), and by Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (V.F.). NR 50 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 EI 1528-0012 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1424 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.046 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 499VT UT WOS:000270255200033 PM 19549525 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Hong, JH Li, Q Shin, DM Abramowitz, J Birnbaumer, L Muallem, S AF Kim, Min Seuk Hong, Jeong Hee Li, Qin Shin, Dong Min Abramowitz, Joel Birnbaumer, Lutz Muallem, Shmuel TI Deletion of TRPC3 in Mice Reduces Store-Operated Ca2+ Influx and the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; CHANNEL FUNCTION; CATION CHANNELS; EXOCRINE CELLS; ACINAR-CELLS; STIM1; CALCIUM; ORAI1; RELEASE; CRAC AB BACKGROUND & AIMS: Receptor-stimulated Ca2+ influx is a critical component of the Ca2+ signal and mediates all cellular functions regulated by Ca2+. However, excessive Ca2+ influx is highly toxic, resulting in cell death, which is the nodal point in all forms of pancreatitis. Ca2+ influx is mediated by store-operated channels (SOCs). The identity and function of the native SOCs in most cells is unknown. METHODS: Here, we determined the role of deletion of Trpc3 in mice on Ca2+ signaling, exocytosis, intracellular trypsin activation, and pancreatitis. RESULTS: Deletion of TRPC3 reduced the receptor-stimulated and SOC-mediated Ca2+ influx by about 50%, indicating that TRPC3 functions as an SOC in vivo. The reduced Ca2+ influx in TRPC3(-/-) acini resulted in reduced frequency of the physiologic Ca2+ oscillations and of the pathologic sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels caused by supramaximal stimulation and by the toxins bile acids and palmitoleic acid ethyl ester. Consequently, deletion of TRPC3 shifted the dose response for receptor-stimulated exocytosis and prevented the pathologic inhibition of digestive enzyme secretion at supramaximal agonist concentrations. Accordingly, deletion of TRPC3 markedly reduced intracellular trypsin activation and excessive actin depolymerization in vitro and the severity of pancreatitis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish the native TRPC3 as an SOC in vivo and a role for TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and suggest that TRPC3 should be considered a target for prevention of pancreatic damage in acute pancreatitis. C1 [Kim, Min Seuk; Hong, Jeong Hee; Li, Qin; Muallem, Shmuel] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Physiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Shin, Dong Min] Yonsei Univ, Coll Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Brain Korea Project 21, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Abramowitz, Joel; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Muallem, S (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Physiol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM birnbau1@niehs.nih.gov; shmuel.muallem@utsouthwestern.edu RI Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015 FU National Institutes of Health [DE12309, DK38938, ZOI-ES-101684]; Ruth S. Harrell Professorship in Medical Research FX Supported by National Institutes of Health grants DE12309 and DK38938, the Ruth S. Harrell Professorship in Medical Research (to S.M.), and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (ZOI-ES-101684 to L.B.). NR 39 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1509 EP 1517 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.07.042 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 499VT UT WOS:000270255200042 PM 19622358 ER PT J AU Sykes, KE AF Sykes, K. E. TI BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNNITES FOR ACTIVE AGING AWARD PROGRAM: LEADING BY EXAMPLE SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sykes, K. E.] US EPA, OCHPEE, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 SU 2 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 519UI UT WOS:000271793900633 ER PT J AU Kramer, RA Dickinson, KL Anderson, RM Fowler, VG Miranda, ML Mutero, CM Saterson, KA Wiener, JB AF Kramer, Randall A. Dickinson, Katherine L. Anderson, Richard M. Fowler, Vance G. Miranda, Marie Lynn Mutero, Clifford M. Saterson, Kathryn A. Wiener, Jonathan B. TI Using decision analysis to improve malaria control policy making SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Decision analysis; Health policy; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental impacts; Benefit-cost analysis ID LAND-USE CHANGE; WESTERN KENYA; TRANSMISSION; HIGHLANDS; BURDEN; AREA; HIV AB Malaria and other vector-borne diseases represent a significant and growing burden in many tropical countries. Successfully addressing these threats will require policies that expand access to and use of existing control methods, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and artemesinin combination therapies (ACTs) for malaria, while weighing the costs and benefits of alternative approaches over time. This paper argues that decision analysis provides a valuable framework for formulating such policies and combating the emergence and re-emergence of malaria and other diseases. We outline five challenges that policy makers and practitioners face in the struggle against malaria, and demonstrate how decision analysis can help to address and overcome these challenges. A prototype decision analysis framework for malaria control in Tanzania is presented, highlighting the key components that a decision support tool should include. Developing and applying such a framework can promote stronger and more effective linkages between research and policy, ultimately helping to reduce the burden of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kramer, Randall A.; Wiener, Jonathan B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Sch Law, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dickinson, Katherine L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Fowler, Vance G.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Mutero, Clifford M.] Africa Policy Inst, Pretoria, South Africa. [Saterson, Kathryn A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wiener, Jonathan B.] Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kramer, RA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Sch Law, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kramer@duke.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 P30 ES-011961-01A1]; Duke Provost Common Fund FX This research was supported by funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 1 P30 ES-011961-01A1, and from the Duke Provost Common Fund. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 EI 1872-6054 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD OCT PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.02.011 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 498AU UT WOS:000270108300004 PM 19356821 ER PT J AU Jeannot, E Boorman, GA Shymonyak, S Kosyk, O Rusyn, I AF Jeannot, Emmanuelle Boorman, Gary A. Shymonyak, Svitlana Kosyk, Oksana Rusyn, Ivan TI INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIN B1-INDUCED HEPATIC TUMORS IS INCREASED IN HEPATITIS VIRUS C TRANSGENIC MICE AS COMPARED TO WILD TYPE C57BL/6J STRAIN SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 [Jeannot, Emmanuelle; Shymonyak, Svitlana; Kosyk, Oksana; Rusyn, Ivan] UNC, ESE, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Boorman, Gary A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 MA 1812 BP 1141A EP 1141A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 502JV UT WOS:000270456001806 ER PT J AU Borchardt, MA Spencer, SK Bertz, PD Ware, MW Dubey, JP Lindquist, HDA AF Borchardt, M. A. Spencer, S. K. Bertz, P. D. Ware, M. W. Dubey, J. P. Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Concentrating Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis from surface water and drinking water by continuous separation channel centrifugation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE concentration; continuous centrifugation; coccidian parasites; C; cayetanensis; drinking water; T; gondii; waterborne pathogens ID UNITED-STATES; OOCYSTS; OUTBREAK; PCR; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; MICROSPORIDIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PURIFICATION; SPOROCYSTS; GIARDIA AB Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous separation channel centrifugation for concentrating Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis from drinking water and environmental waters. Methods and Results: Ready-to-seed vials with known quantities of T. gondii and C. cayetanensis oocysts were prepared by flow cytometry. Oocysts were seeded at densities ranging from 1 to 1000 oocysts l= 84% in 10 l volumes of drinking water. In source waters, recoveries ranged from 64% to 100%, with the lowest recoveries in the most turbid waters. Method precision was between 10% and 20% coefficient of variation. Conclusion: Toxoplasma gondii and C. cayetanensis are effectively concentrated from various water matrices by continuous separation channel centrifugation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Waterborne transmission of T. gondii and C. cayetanensis presents another challenge in producing clean drinking water and protecting public health. Detection of these parasites relies on effectively concentrating oocysts from ambient water, otherwise false negatives may result. Validation data specific to T. gondii and C. cayetanensis concentration methods are limited. Continuous separation channel centrifugation recovers oocysts with high efficiency and precision, the method attributes required to accurately assess the risk of waterborne transmission. C1 [Borchardt, M. A.; Spencer, S. K.; Bertz, P. D.] Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Ware, M. W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM borchardt.mark@mcrf.mfldclin.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation [CR827937-01-0] FX Baxter Healthcare Corporation kindly provided the Amicus centrifuge. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under CR827937-01-0 to Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors thank Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation for its support through the assistance of Linda Weis and Alice Stargardt in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1097 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04316.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 493IP UT WOS:000269730300004 PM 19486387 ER PT J AU Nayak, BS Levine, AD Cardoso, A Harwood, VJ AF Nayak, B. S. Levine, A. D. Cardoso, A. Harwood, V. J. TI Microbial population dynamics in laboratory-scale solid waste bioreactors in the presence or absence of biosolids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolids; community structure; DGGE; methanogens; municipal solid waste; simulated bioreactors ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL DETECTION; LANDFILL LEACHATE; CLOSTRIDIUM POPULATIONS; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; METHANOGEN DIVERSITY; ARCHAEAL COMMUNITY; MCRA GENES; BACTERIA; PCR AB Aims: Decomposition of solid waste is microbially mediated, yet little is known about the associated structure and temporal changes in prokaryotic communities. Bioreactors were used to simulate landfill conditions and archaeal and bacterial community development in leachate was examined over 8 months. Methods and Results: Municipal solid waste (MSW) was deposited in laboratory bioreactors with or without biosolids and combustion residues (ash). The near-neutral pH fell about half a log by day 25, but recovered to similar to 7 center dot 0 by day 50. Cell concentrations in bioreactors containing only MSW were significantly higher than those from co-disposal bioreactors. Archaeal and bacterial community structure was analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis targeting 16S rRNA genes, showing temporal population shifts for both domains. mcrA sequences retrieved from a co-disposal bioreactor were predominantly affiliated with the orders Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales. Conclusion: Regardless of waste composition, microbial communities in bioreactor leachates exhibited high diversity and distinct temporal trends. The solid waste filled bioreactors allowed simulation of solid waste decomposition in landfills while also reducing the variables. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study advances the basic understanding of changes in microbial community structure during solid waste decomposition, which may ultimately improve the efficiency of solid waste management. C1 [Nayak, B. S.; Harwood, V. J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Levine, A. D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cardoso, A.] Arcadis, Tampa, FL USA. RP Harwood, VJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, SCA 110,4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM vharwood@cas.usf.edu FU Hinkley Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Gainesville, FL, USA FX This study was funded by the Hinkley Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Gainesville, FL, USA. We thank Lisa Rhea and Robert Ulrich for help in constructing, maintaining and sampling the bioreactors, and Ee Goh for DNA sequencing. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1330 EP 1339 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04319.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 493IP UT WOS:000269730300029 PM 19486211 ER PT J AU Houck, KA Dix, DJ Judson, RS Kavlock, RJ Yang, J Berg, EL AF Houck, Keith A. Dix, David J. Judson, Richard S. Kavlock, Robert J. Yang, Jian Berg, Ellen L. TI Profiling Bioactivity of the ToxCast Chemical Library Using BioMAP Primary Human Cell Systems SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING LA English DT Article DE toxicology; primary human cells; bioactivity profiling; chemical genetics ID NETWORKS; ATRAZINE; MODELS; PROLIFERATION; GENOMEWIDE; MODULATION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; FUNGICIDES; INHIBITORS AB The complexity of human biology has made prediction of health effects as a consequence of exposure to environmental chemicals especially challenging. Complex cell systems, such as the Biologically Multiplexed Activity Profiling (BioMAP) primary, human, cell-based disease models, leverage cellular regulatory networks to detect and distinguish chemicals with a broad range of target mechanisms and biological processes relevant to human toxicity. Here the authors use the BioMAP human cell systems to characterize effects relevant to human tissue and inflammatory disease biology following exposure to the 320 environmental chemicals in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) ToxCast phase I library. The ToxCast chemicals were assayed at 4 concentrations in 8 BioMAP cell systems, with a total of 87 assay endpoints resulting in more than 100,000 data points. Within the context of the BioMAP database, ToxCast compounds could be classified based on their ability to cause overt cytotoxicity in primary human cell types or according to toxicity mechanism class derived from comparisons to activity profiles of BioMAP reference compounds. ToxCast chemicals with similarity to inducers of mitochondrial dysfunction, CAMP elevators, inhibitors of tubulin function, inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, or NF kappa B pathway inhibitors were identified based on this BioMAP analysis. This data set is being combined with additional ToxCast data sets for development of predictive toxicity models at the EPA. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:1054-1066) C1 [Houck, Keith A.; Dix, David J.; Judson, Richard S.; Kavlock, Robert J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yang, Jian; Berg, Ellen L.] BioSeek Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Houck, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM houck.keith@epa.gov RI Berg, Ellen/D-9076-2014; OI Berg, Ellen/0000-0001-5149-6665; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication. Reference to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0571 J9 J BIOMOL SCREEN JI J. Biomol. Screen PD OCT PY 2009 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1054 EP 1066 DI 10.1177/1087057109345525 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 514LL UT WOS:000271396100003 PM 19773588 ER PT J AU Sanders, WE Wade, TJ Mo, J Wu, K Xia, Y Kwok, R Yang, Z Foster, J Mumford, JL AF Sanders, W. E., Jr. Wade, T. J. Mo, J. Wu, K. Xia, Y. Kwok, R. Yang, Z. Foster, J. Mumford, J. L. TI CARDIAC EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE: RISKS AND MECHANISM OF ACQUIRED LONG QT SYNDROME IN A LARGE POPULATION BASED STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias CY OCT 04-07, 2009 CL Venice, ITALY C1 [Sanders, W. E., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sanders, W. E., Jr.; Mo, J.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wade, T. J.; Mumford, J. L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wu, K.; Xia, Y.] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Kwok, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Yang, Z.] Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Foster, J.] Wake Heart Associates, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1045-3873 J9 J CARDIOVASC ELECTR JI J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 20 BP S67 EP S68 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 498XO UT WOS:000270179400187 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Scheckel, KG Barbarick, KA AF Ippolito, James A. Scheckel, Kirk G. Barbarick, Ken A. TI Selenium adsorption to aluminum-based water treatment residuals SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Inner-sphere complexation; Outer-sphere complexation; Selenate; Selenite; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SELENATE ADSORPTION; BEARING MINERALS; SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHORUS; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION; PHOSPHATE; SORPTION AB Aluminum-based water treatment residuals (WTR) can adsorb water- and soil-borne P, As(V), As(III), and perchlorate, and may be able to adsorb excess environmental selenium. WTR, clay minerals, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide were shaken for 24 h in selenate or selenite solutions at pH values of 5-9. and then analyzed for selenium content. Selenate and selenite adsorption edges were unaffected across the pH range studied. Selenate adsorbed on to WTR, reference mineral phases, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide occurred as outer sphere complexes (relatively loosely bound), while selenite adsorption was identified as inner-sphere complexation (relatively tightly bound). Selenite sorption to WTR in an anoxic environment reduced Se(IV) to Se(0), and oxidation of Se(0) or Se(IV) appeared irreversible once sorbed to WTR. AI-based WTR could play a favorable role in sequestering excess Se in affected water sources. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ippolito, James A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Barbarick, Ken A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source FX The authors acknowledge the continued research support from Fort Collins, Colorado. The PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. A portion of this research was conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US NR 50 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 338 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.06.023 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 489DX UT WOS:000269401200007 PM 19589535 ER PT J AU Tsai, TT Kao, CM Surampalli, RY Liang, SH AF Tsai, T. T. Kao, C. M. Surampalli, Rao Y. Liang, S. H. TI Treatment of Fuel-Oil Contaminated Soils by Biodegradable Surfactant Washing Followed by Fenton-Like Oxidation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; CHEMICAL OXIDATION; BIOREMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; REMEDIATION; SYSTEM; IRON; MINERALIZATION AB Among petroleum-hydrocarbon pollutants, fuel-oil is more difficult to treat compared to gasoline and diesel fuel. The objectives of this bench-scale study were to: (1) develop a two-stage remedial system consisting of surfactant washing followed by Fenton-like oxidation process to remediate fuel-oil contaminated soils; (2) evaluate the effects of residual surfactant and soil organic matter (SOM) on the efficiency of Fenton-like oxidation; (3) evaluate the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH(2)PO(4)) addition on the stability of H(2)O(2) and oxidation efficiency; and (4) evaluate the possible oxidation products after the oxidation process. In the surfactant washing stage, biodegradable surfactant, Simple Green (SG) (50 g L(-1)), was applied to flush fuel-oil contaminated soils with initial total petroleum-hydrocarbons (TPHs) concentration of 50,000 mg kg(-1). Results show that approximately 90% of TPH could be removed after washing with 45 pore volumes (PVs) of SG followed by 25 PVs of deionized water, while the soil TPH concentration dropped from 50,000 to 4,950 mg kg(-1). In the Fenton-like oxidation stage with initial soil TPH concentration was approximately 4,950 mg kg(-1), TPH removal efficiency can be significantly increased with increased H(2)O(2) concentrations. Results also reveal that residual SG and SOM would compete with TPH for oxidants and cause the decrease in oxidation efficiency. An "oxidation-sorption-desorption-oxidation" scheme for soil TPH was observed in this experiment due to the initial sorption of TPH on SOM. Results show that an addition of 2.2 mM of KH(2)PO(4) could increase the stability and half-life of H(2)O(2), but caused the decrease in TPH removal efficiency. The oxidation potential of Fenton-like process was not capable of completely oxidizing fuel-oil to nontoxic end products. The observed by-products after oxidation process contained carboxyl groups with molecular weights similar to their parent compounds. Results from this study indicate that the two-stage remedial system is a promising technology for fuel-oil contaminated soil treatment. C1 [Kao, C. M.; Liang, S. H.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Kao, CM (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM jkao@mail.nsysu.edu.tw FU Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in Taiwan [EPA-94-U1U1-04-010] FX This project was funded in part by Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in Taiwan (Grant No. EPA-94-U1U1-04-010). Additional thanks to the personnel of Guan Cheng Environment NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 32 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1024 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000052 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 494UL UT WOS:000269843900014 ER PT J AU Nesci, K AF Nesci, Kimberly TI Increased Scrutiny of Flea and Tick Products for Pets SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Insecticide Branch, Registrat Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nesci, K (reprint author), US EPA, Insecticide Branch, Registrat Div, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Penn Ave,NW Mail Code 7505P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nesci.kimberly@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 502QS UT WOS:000270475700006 PM 19882990 ER PT J AU Reddy, NM Suryanarayana, V Kalvakolanu, DV Yamamoto, M Kensler, TW Hassoun, PM Kleeberger, SR Reddy, SP AF Reddy, Narsal M. Suryanarayana, Vegiraju Kalvakolanu, Dhananjaya V. Yamamoto, Masayuki Kensler, Thomas W. Hassoun, Paul M. Kleeberger, Steven R. Reddy, Sekhar P. TI Innate Immunity against Bacterial Infection following Hyperoxia Exposure Is Impaired in NRF2-Deficient Mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE LUNG INJURY; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; PULMONARY OXYGEN-TOXICITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR MARCO; 2-RELATED FACTOR-2 GENE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Oxygen supplementation is used as therapy to support critically ill patients with severe respiratory impairment. Although hyperoxia has been shown to enhance the lung susceptibility to subsequent bacterial infection, the mechanisms underlying enhanced susceptibility remain enigmatic. We have reported that disruption of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription regulator of various stress response pathways, enhances susceptibility to hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice, and have also demonstrated an association between a polymorphism in the NRF2 promoter and increased susceptibility to acute lung injury. In this study, we show that Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) but not wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice exposed to sublethal hyperoxia succumbed to death during recovery after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Nrf2-deficiency caused persistent bacterial pulmonary burden and enhanced levels of inflammatory cell infiltration as well as edema. Alveolar macrophages isolated from Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to hyperoxia displayed persistent oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression concomitant with diminished levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as Gclc, required for glutathione biosynthesis. In vitro exposure of Nrf2(-/-) macrophages to hyperoxia strongly diminished their antibacterial activity and enhanced inflammatory cytokine expression compared with Nrf2(+/+) cells. However, glutathione supplementation during hyperoxic insult restored the ability of Nrf2(-/-) cells to mount antibacterial response and suppressed cytokine expression. Thus, loss of Nrf2 impairs lung innate immunity and promotes susceptibility to bacterial infection after hyperoxia exposure, ultimately leading to death of the host. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 4601-4608. C1 [Reddy, Narsal M.; Suryanarayana, Vegiraju; Kensler, Thomas W.; Reddy, Sekhar P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kalvakolanu, Dhananjaya V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yamamoto, Masayuki] Tohoku Univ, Dept Med Biochem, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Hassoun, Paul M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Reddy, NM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Room E7610,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nmachire@jhsph.edu; sreddy@jhsph.edu RI Yamamoto, Masayuki/A-4873-2010; Kensler, Thomas/D-8686-2014 OI Kensler, Thomas/0000-0002-6676-261X FU NIH [HL66109, ES 11863, HL049441]; SCCOR [P50 HL073994, ES007141, CA105005, CA94076]; NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was funded by NIH Grants HL66109 and ES 11863 (to S.P.R.), HL049441 (to P.H.), SCCOR P50 HL073994 (to S.P.R. and P.H.), ES007141 (to S.V.), CA105005 (to D.V.K.), and CA94076 (to T.W.K.) and, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to S.RX.). NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 183 IS 7 BP 4601 EP 4608 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0901754 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 503GU UT WOS:000270522500055 PM 19734219 ER PT J AU Allen, FW Halloran, PA Leith, AH Lindsay, MC AF Allen, Frederick W. Halloran, Priscilla A. Leith, Angela H. Lindsay, M. Clare TI Using Material Flow Analysis for Sustainable Materials Management SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allen, Frederick W.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Innovat, Off Policy Econ & Innovat 1807T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Allen, FW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Innovat, Off Policy Econ & Innovat 1807T, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM allen.derry@epa.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 13 IS 5 BP 662 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00168.x PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522CA UT WOS:000271974100005 ER PT J AU Bauer, D AF Bauer, Diana TI Environmental Policy SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bauer, Diana] US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Bauer, Diana] US EPA, Extramural Res Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bauer, D (reprint author), US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, PI-41 1000 Independence Ave SW,Room 7H-064, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM diana.bauer@hq.doe.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 13 IS 5 BP 666 EP 669 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00164.x PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522CA UT WOS:000271974100006 ER PT J AU Boehme, SE Panero, MA Munoz, GR Powers, CW Valle, SN AF Boehme, Susan E. Panero, Marta A. Munoz, Gabriela R. Powers, Charles W. Valle, Sandra N. TI Collaborative Problem Solving Using an Industrial Ecology Approach SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cooperative approaches; economy-wide material flow; analysis (EW-MFA); emission reduction; industrial ecology; mass balance; pollution prevention (P2) AB P>Over the course of ten years, a consortium of stakeholders (the Harbor Consortium) used a collaborative approach to identify viable pollution prevention (P2) strategies for specific contaminants, namely mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as suspended solids entering the New York/New Jersey Harbor. The project, titled "The New York/New Jersey Harbor Watershed Pollution Prevention and Industrial Ecology Project," in a very conscious and overt way engaged stakeholders in the process of developing P2 recommendations for the Harbor. The industrial ecology (IE) tools applied by the Harbor Consortium include substance flow analysis (SFA), material flow analysis (MFA), and, to a limited extent, life cycle analysis (LCA) and fate and transport analysis (F&T), to quantify and characterize how the contaminants flow through the regional economy and the Harbor Watershed once released to the environment. The application of these scientific tools to five contaminants at such a large geographical scale, within the context of a broad and inclusive stakeholder process, and with the goal of identifying and implementing pollution prevention strategies, led to a wide range of surprising outcomes and lessons learned. Undertaking this IE research with the key institutions and stakeholders at the table resulted in the identification and the implementation of many P2 opportunities. C1 [Boehme, Susan E.] Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, Chicago, IL USA. [Panero, Marta A.] NYU, Wagner Rudin Ctr Transportat Policy & Management, New York, NY USA. [Munoz, Gabriela R.] New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commi, New York, NY USA. [Powers, Charles W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Powers, Charles W.] Consortium Risk Evaluat & Stakeholder Participat, Nashville, TN USA. [Boehme, Susan E.; Panero, Marta A.; Munoz, Gabriela R.; Valle, Sandra N.] Ten Year Harbor Project, New York Acad, New York, NY USA. RP Boehme, SE (reprint author), US EPA, GLNPO, 77 W Jackson Blvd G 17J, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM sboehme@illinois.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Abby R. Mauze Trust FX The authors wish to acknowledge the long-term financial support of several of the Harbor Project funding organizations, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Abby R. Mauze Trust, and the Port Authority of NY/NJ, as well as grants from J.P. Morgan, NYC Environmental Fund, NYS Energy Research and Development Authority, Harbor Estuary Program, Rockefeller Philanthropy Associates, AT&T Foundation, and the Commonwealth Fund. The authors also would like to acknowledge the support of the Harbor Consortium. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 13 IS 5 BP 811 EP 829 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00166.x PG 19 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522CA UT WOS:000271974100016 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Prouty, LA Fang, SC Rodrigues, EG Magari, SR Modest, GA Christiani, DC AF Kim, Jee Young Prouty, Lacey A. Fang, Shona C. Rodrigues, Ema G. Magari, Shannon R. Modest, Geoffrey A. Christiani, David C. TI Association Between Fine Particulate Matter and Oxidative DNA Damage May Be Modified in Individuals With Hypertension SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; URINARY 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; PERSONAL PARTICULATE; BIOMARKER EVIDENCE; NITRIC-OXIDE; LUNG-CANCER; EXPOSURE; STRESS; PM2.5; PARTICLES AB Objective: To investigate the association between particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. Methods: Twelve hypertensives and nine non-hypertensives were monitored during a 36-hour period using a repeated-measures panel study design. Personal exposure to PM(2.5) was assessed using a real-time continuous monitor. Spot urine samples collected at 12-hour intervals were analyzed for 8-OHdG. Results: Exposure to PM(2.5) was associated with a decrease in 8-OHdG in hypertensives compared with an increase in non-hypertensives, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, and time of day. Conclusions: The results suggest modification of the association between PM(2.5) exposure and urinary 8-OHdG by hypertension status. Antioxidant activity Present in antihypertensive medications may play a role or PM(2.5) exposure may reduce the capacity to repair DNA damage in hypertensives. These results should be confirmed with further investigation. (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:1158-1166) C1 [Kim, Jee Young; Prouty, Lacey A.; Fang, Shona C.; Rodrigues, Ema G.; Magari, Shannon R.; Christiani, David C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm & Occupat Med & Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kim, Jee Young] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Modest, Geoffrey A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Modest, Geoffrey A.] Uphams Corner Hlth Ctr, Dorchester, MA USA. [Christiani, David C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Pulm & Crit Care Unit, Massachusetts Gen Hosp,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm & Occupat Med & Epidemiol Program, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dchris@hsph.harvard.edu FU U.S. EPA STAR [RD-83083801]; NIH [ES00002]; NIEHS [T32 ES007069]; NIOSH [T42 OH008416] FX J.Y.K., S.R.M. and L.A.P. were supported by T32 ES007069 from NIEHS, and S.C.F. was supported by T42 OH008416 from NIOSH. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1158 EP 1166 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181b967aa PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 506AZ UT WOS:000270746100007 PM 19786898 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Wheeler, LS Smith, AM McManus, T AF Jones, Sherry Everett Wheeler, Lani S. Smith, Alisa M. McManus, Tim TI Adherence to National Asthma Education and Prevention Program's "How Asthma-Friendly Is Your School?" Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL NURSING LA English DT Article DE asthma; schools; environment ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA; HEALTH POLICIES; CHILDREN; TOBACCO; ADOLESCENTS; STUDENTS AB School health policies and programs provide the framework for a safe and supportive environment for students with asthma. School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006 data were examined to assess whether schools nationwide have policies and programs consistent with the "How Asthma-Friendly Is Your School?" checklist from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Adherence to some of the recommendations on the checklist was high. For example, 80% or more of schools allowed students to carry and self-administer asthma medications, and obtained and kept asthma action plans. For other recommendations, however, far fewer schools had the recommended polices or programs; most notably, less than one third of schools had a full-time Registered Nurse. Improvements in many school policies and programs are needed so that students have a safe and supportive school environment to help them control their asthma while away from home. C1 [Jones, Sherry Everett; McManus, Tim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Alisa M.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Indoor Environm Div, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1059-8405 J9 J SCH NURS JI J. Sch. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 382 EP 394 DI 10.1177/1059840509343292 PG 13 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 498LA UT WOS:000270140400008 PM 19770490 ER PT J AU Hidy, GM Brook, JR Chow, JC Green, M Husar, RB Lee, C Scheffe, RD Swanson, A Watson, JG AF Hidy, George M. Brook, Jeffrey R. Chow, Judith C. Green, Mark Husar, Rudy B. Lee, Colin Scheffe, Richard D. Swanson, Aaron Watson, John G. TI Remote Sensing of Particulate Pollution from Space: Have We Reached the Promised Land? SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; MATTER SUPERSITES PROGRAM; AIR-QUALITY MEASUREMENTS; RECENT FIELD PROGRAMS; FRESNO SUPERSITE; AEROSOL RESEARCH; FINE; CALIFORNIA; MASS; TRANSPORT C1 [Hidy, George M.] Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. [Brook, Jeffrey R.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Green, Mark] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Husar, Rudy B.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Xian, Peoples R China. [Lee, Colin] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Swanson, Aaron] Northrup Grumman Aerosp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Scheffe, Richard D.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, EPAs Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hidy, GM (reprint author), 6 Evergreen Dr, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. EM dhidy113@comcast.net RI Husar, Rudolf/A-9000-2009; Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 29 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1130 EP 1139 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.10.1130 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 508FY UT WOS:000270916200001 PM 19842321 ER PT J AU Princiotta, F AF Princiotta, Frank TI Global Climate Change and the Mitigation Challenge SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION AB Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO(2)), have led to increasing atmospheric concentrations, very likely the primary cause of the 0.8 degrees C warming the Earth has experienced since the Industrial Revolution. With industrial activity and population expected to increase for the rest of the century, large increases in greenhouse gas emissions are projected, with substantial global additional warming predicted. This paper examines forces driving CO(2) emissions, a concise sector-by-sector summary of mitigation options, and research and development (R&D) priorities. To constrain warming to below approximately 2.5 degrees C in 2100, the recent annual 3% CO(2) emission growth rate needs to transform rapidly to an annual decrease rate of from 1 to 3% for decades. Furthermore, the current generation of energy generation and end-use technologies are capable of achieving less than half of the emission reduction needed for such a major mitigation program. New technologies will have to be developed and deployed at a rapid rate, especially for the key power generation and transportation sectors. Current energy technology research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) programs fall far short of what is required. C1 US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Princiotta, F (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Princiotta.frank@epa.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1194 EP 1211 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.10.1194 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 508FY UT WOS:000270916200007 PM 19842327 ER PT J AU Weaver, CP AF Weaver, Christopher P. TI Comments on "The Effects of Mesoscale Surface Heterogeneity on the Fair-Weather Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PART II; LANDSCAPE; FLUXES; IMPACT; VARIABILITY; MOISTURE; SUMMER; CLOUD; HEAT C1 US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Weaver, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Global Change Res Program, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8601-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM weaver.chris@epa.gov RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 10 BP 3226 EP 3228 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3125.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 505ZO UT WOS:000270741700017 ER PT J AU Fore, LS Karr, JR Fisher, WS Bradley, P Davis, WS AF Fore, Leska S. Karr, James R. Fisher, William S. Bradley, Patricia Davis, Wayne S. TI Heeding a call to action for US coral reefs: The untapped potential of the Clean Water Act SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; CLIMATE C1 [Fore, Leska S.] Stat Design, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fisher, William S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Bradley, Patricia] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Key West, FL 33040 USA. [Davis, Wayne S.] US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Fore, LS (reprint author), Stat Design, 136 NW 40th St, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM Leska.Fore@gmail.com NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1421 EP 1423 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.06.003 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 514CH UT WOS:000271370800001 PM 19615697 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS Bishop, M AF Caruso, Brian S. Bishop, Michael TI Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Metal Loads from Natural Flows in the Upper Tenmile Creek Watershed, Montana SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Metals; Mine waste; Restoration; Montana; Seasonality; Water quality; Watershed modeling ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; HIGH ORE CREEK; MOUNTAIN STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; DIEL CYCLES; TRANSPORT; COLORADO; BIOFILM; ATTENUATION; POLLUTION AB Seasonal and spatial variation of metal loads can be significant in mining-impacted mountain watersheds in the western US due to a number of complex physical and biogeochemical factors. Anthropogenic influences, such as seasonal water diversion for municipal supplies, can increase this variability further. This study evaluates the seasonal and spatial variation of metal loads from estimated natural flows in a typical Rocky Mountain watershed impacted by historic hardrock mining and municipal water diversions: the Upper Tenmile Creek Watershed near Helena, Montana. Restoration of natural flows is being considered as part of broader watershed restoration measures, and an understanding of the variation in loads resulting from these flows is needed for restoration planning and design. Estimates of tributary and metal point and nonpoint source natural flows to the creek were used with representative total metals (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) concentration data for model input and to evaluate the variation of input loads. These loads were evaluated at key locations in the watershed for two seasons: spring snow-melt high flow in June and summer low flow in August. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program was used to model the resulting variation of total and dissolved metal loads with distance along the mainstem for the two seasons. Results show that total metal loads to the creek vary among input locations by up to >9,700-fold in June and up to >740-fold in August for copper. Several tributaries have the greatest loads during both seasons, although adits often exhibit the highest concentrations. For all locations, average input loads are up to 46 times higher in June for copper. Total and dissolved metal loads generally increase with distance along the mainstem and vary by up to >320-fold in August and up to >118-fold in June for zinc. Along the mainstem, average total loads are up to 68 times higher in June for lead. Many watershed and biogeochemical processes contribute to this variation, including variability in estimated natural flows, partitioning of metals between the dissolved and particulate phases, and attenuation in the hyporheic zone. Dissolved phases constitute a large proportion of the total metals and follow patterns very similar to those for total loads along the mainstem, especially for cadmium and zinc. Seasonal load differences are greatest for copper and lead because of greater sorption to solids and particulate loads during high flow associated with increased erosion and transport of solids. C1 [Caruso, Brian S.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Bishop, Michael] US EPA, Helena, MT 59626 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8,1595 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM caruso.brian@epa.gov NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 166 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10230-009-0073-9 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V15FV UT WOS:000207788800002 ER PT J AU Liang, ZD Stockton, D Savaraj, N Kuo, MT AF Liang, Zheng D. Stockton, David Savaraj, Niramol Kuo, Macus Tien TI Mechanistic Comparison of Human High-Affinity Copper Transporter 1-Mediated Transport between Copper Ion and Cisplatin SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HUMAN CTR1; YEAST; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; TRAFFICKING; GLUTATHIONE; RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; PROTEINS AB The human high-affinity copper transporter (hCtr1) plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular copper homeostasis. hCtr1 is involved in the transport of platinum-based antitumor agents such as cisplatin (CDDP); however, the mechanisms that regulate hCtr1-mediated transport of these agents have not been well elucidated. We compared the mechanisms of hCtr1-mediated transport of copper and CDDP. We found that replacements of several methionine residues that are essential for hCtr1-mediated copper transport conferred a dominant-negative effect on the endogenous hCtr1's function, resulting in reduced rates of Cu(I) and CDDP transport and increased resistance to the toxicities of copper and CDDP treatments. Kinetic constant analyses revealed that although these mutations reduced maximal transport rates (V(max)) for Cu(I) and CDDP, reduction of K m only for Cu(I) but not for CDDP was observed. Mutation in Gly167, which is located in the third transmembrane domain and is involved in helix packing of hCtr1, also conferred dominant-negative property of Cu(I) transport but not of CDDP transport. Deleting the N-terminal 45 amino acids that contain two methionine-rich motifs resulted in cytoplasmic localization of the hCtr1 and abolished the dominant-negative function of these mutants. Nonetheless, these mutations did not affect the capacities of hCtr1 oligomerization induced by copper or CDDP, suggesting a distinct structural requirement between metal transport and oligomerization. Finally, we also observed that expressing the dominant-negative hCtr1 mutants up-regulates endogenous hCtr1 mRNA expression, consistent with our previous report that intracellular copper homeostasis and homeostatic levels of hCtr1 mRNA are mutually regulated. C1 [Liang, Zheng D.; Kuo, Macus Tien] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Stockton, David] US EPA, Houston, TX USA. [Savaraj, Niramol] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Sect, Miami, FL 33125 USA. RP Kuo, MT (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Unit 951,Room 2SCR4-3025,7435 Fannin Blvd, Houston, TX 77054 USA. EM tkuo@mdanderson.org FU National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute [R01-CA79085, R01-CA89541, R01-CA16672]; Veterans Administration Merit Research Fund FX This study was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute [Grants R01-CA79085, R01-CA89541, R01CA16672] and the Veterans Administration Merit Research Fund. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 76 IS 4 BP 843 EP 853 DI 10.1124/mol.109.056416 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 497AZ UT WOS:000270027000016 PM 19570948 ER PT J AU Menendez, D Inga, A Resnick, MA AF Menendez, Daniel Inga, Alberto Resnick, Michael A. TI The expanding universe of p53 targets SO NATURE REVIEWS CANCER LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR P53; WILD-TYPE P53; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; NF-KAPPA-B; FACTOR-BINDING-SITES; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; MASTER REGULATORY NETWORK; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; PROTEIN-KINASE-C AB The p53 tumour suppressor is modified through mutation or changes in expression in most cancers, leading to the altered regulation of hundreds of genes that are directly influenced by this sequence-specific transcription factor. Central to the p53 master regulatory network are the target response element (RE) sequences. The extent of p53 transactivation and transcriptional repression is influenced by many factors, including p53 levels, cofactors and the specific RE sequences, all of which contribute to the role that p53 has in the aetiology of cancer. This Review describes the identification and functionality of REs and highlights the inclusion of non-canonical REs that expand the universe of genes and regulation mechanisms in the p53 tumour suppressor network. C1 [Menendez, Daniel; Resnick, Michael A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Inga, Alberto] IST, Natl Inst Canc Res, Unit Mol Mutagenesis & DNA Repair, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. RP Resnick, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnick@niehs.nih.gov RI Xie, Huangming/B-2260-2012 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 Z01 ES065079]; Italian Association for Cancer Research FX This work was supported by intramural research funds from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences project 1 Z01 ES065079 (to D.M. and M.A.R.) and partially supported by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (to A.I.). NR 203 TC 285 Z9 292 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-175X J9 NAT REV CANCER JI Nat. Rev. Cancer PD OCT PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 724 EP 737 DI 10.1038/nrc2730 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 497YZ UT WOS:000270102800010 PM 19776742 ER PT J AU Grimaldo, LF Sommer, T Van Ark, N Jones, G Holland, E Moyle, PB Herbold, B Smith, P AF Grimaldo, Lenny F. Sommer, Ted Van Ark, Nick Jones, Gardner Holland, Erika Moyle, Peter B. Herbold, Bruce Smith, Pete TI Factors Affecting Fish Entrainment into Massive Water Diversions in a Tidal Freshwater Estuary: Can Fish Losses be Managed? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; JOAQUIN DELTA; STRIPED BASS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; POWER-STATION; LIFE-HISTORY; HUDSON RIVER; SACRAMENTO; CALIFORNIA; SMELT AB We examined factors affecting fish entrainment at California's State Water Project and Central Valley Project, two of the largest water diversions in the world. Combined, these diversions from the upper San Francisco Estuary support a large component of the municipal and agricultural infrastructure for California. However, precipitous declines in the abundance of several estuarine fish species, notably the threatened delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, have generated major concern about entrainment as a possible cause of the declines. We examined a 13-year data set of export pumping operations and environmental characteristics to determine factors affecting entrainment (as indexed by salvage at fish screens) and the potential for manipulation of these factors to improve conditions for fish. Entrainment of three migratory pelagic species-delta smelt, longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichihys, and striped bass Morone saxatilis-was primarily determined by the seasonal occurrence of particular life stages close to the export facilities. We also found that the direction and magnitude of flows through the estuary and to the export facilities were reasonable predictors of pelagic fish entrainment. Entrainment of resident demersal species (prickly sculpin Conus asper and white catfish Ameiurus catus) and littoral species (Mississippi silverside Menidia audens and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) was not explained by diversion flows, although large numbers of individuals from these species were collected. Our study suggests that entrainment of pelagic species can be effectively reduced by manipulating system hydrodynamics. C1 [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Sommer, Ted; Van Ark, Nick; Jones, Gardner; Holland, Erika] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Aquat Ecol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Herbold, Bruce] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Smith, Pete] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Grimaldo, LF (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM lgrimaldo@usbr.gov RI Bond, Ronald/C-9201-2009 FU CDWR South Delta Program; Interagency Ecological Program; Sail Francisco Estuary Program FX We want to thank the CDWR South Delta Program, Interagency Ecological Program, and Sail Francisco Estuary Program for funding and support. We also thank Russ Ganz, Kelly Souza, Cathy Ruhl. Jay Simi and Robert Duvall for assistance with data collection and handling. Matt Nobriga, Larry Brown, Bill Bennett. Fred Feyrer, and the Delta Smelt Working Group provided helpful discussions and feedback about the data analyses and interpretation. The manuscript was improved by suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. NR 77 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1270 DI 10.1577/M08-062.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500007 ER PT J AU Hasan, R Baird, DD Herring, AH Olshan, AF Funk, MLJ Hartmann, KE AF Hasan, Reem Baird, Donna D. Herring, Amy H. Olshan, Andrew F. Funk, Michele L. Jonsson Hartmann, Katherine E. TI Association Between First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding and Miscarriage SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THREATENED-ABORTION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; PREDICTION; ULTRASOUND; OUTCOMES; BIRTH AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the strength of association between first-trimester bleeding and miscarriage, setting aside bleeding at time of loss. METHODS: Women enrolled in a community-based pregnancy cohort study before or during early pregnancy. Detailed first-trimester bleeding data were collected by telephone interview. Bleeding episodes proximal to miscarriage (within 4 days) were excluded. We used discrete-time hazard models to evaluate the association between bleeding and miscarriage. Models were adjusted for maternal age, prior miscarriage, and smoking. Exploratory regression tree analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of other bleeding characteristics (duration, associated pain, color, timing). RESULTS: Of the 4,510 participants, 1,204 (27%) reported some first-trimester vaginal bleeding or spotting, and 517 miscarriages were observed. Eight percent of those with bleeding reported heavy bleeding episodes. When we evaluated any bleeding, including episodes of only spotting, the unadjusted relative odds ratio (OR) of miscarriage for women with bleeding (n=1,204) was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-1.3). However, women who reported heavy bleeding (n=97) had nearly three times the risk of miscarriage compared with women without bleeding during the first trimester (OR 3.0, 95% Cl 1.9-4.6). Adjustment for covariates had little effect on estimates. Further analyses suggested that women with heavy bleeding accompanied by pain were the group accounting for most of the elevated risk. CONCLUSION: Heavy bleeding in the first trimester, particularly when accompanied by pain, is associated with higher risk of miscarriage. Spotting and light episodes are not, especially if lasting only 1-2 days. (Obstet Gynecol 2009;114:860-7) C1 [Hasan, Reem] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN USA. RP Hasan, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM reem_hasan@med.unc.edu RI Jonsson Funk, Michele/F-6885-2011; Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Jonsson Funk, Michele/0000-0002-3756-7540; Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [5R01HD043883, 5R01HD049675]; American Water Works Association Research Foundation [2579]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES10126] FX The field research was supported in part by grants from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (5R01HD043883 and 5R01HD049675) and the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (2579). Additional funds were provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Intramural Research Program and P30ES10126). NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 860 EP 867 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 503WY UT WOS:000270573800022 PM 19888046 ER PT J AU Lu, FH AF Lu, Feng H. TI Online high-precision delta H-2 and delta O-18 analysis in water by pyrolysis SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A method for online simultaneous delta H-2 and delta O-18 analysis in water by high-temperature conversion is presented. Water is injected by using a syringe into a high-temperature carbon reactor and converted into H-2 and CO, which are separated by gas chromatography (GC) and carried by helium to the isotope ratio mass spectrometer for hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate several issues such as sample size, temperature and memory effects. The delta H-2 and delta O-18 values in multiple water standards changed consistently as the reactor temperature increased from 1150 to 1480 degrees C. The delta O-18 in water can be measured at a lower temperature (e.g. 1150 degrees C) although the precision was relatively poor at temperatures <1300 degrees C. Memory effects exist for delta H-2 and delta O-18 between two waters, and can be reduced (to <1%) with proper measures. The injection of different amounts of water may affect the isotope ratio results. For example, in contrast to small injections (100 nL or less) from small syringes (e.g. 1.2 mu L), large injections (1 mu L or more) from larger syringes (e.g. 10 mu L) with dilution produced asymmetric peaks and shifts of isotope ratios, e.g. 4 parts per thousand for delta H-2 and 0.4 parts per thousand for delta O-18, probably resulting from isotope fractionation during dilution via the ConFlo interface. This method can be used to analyze nanoliter samples of water (e.g. 30 nL) with good precision of 0.5 parts per thousand for delta H-2 and 0.1 parts per thousand for delta O-18. This is important for geosciences; for instance, fluid inclusions in ancient minerals may be analyzed for delta H-2 and delta O-18 to help understand the formation environments. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Stable Isotope Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lu, FH (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Stable Isotope Lab, 919 Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM lu.feng@epa.gov FU USEPA [68-C-03-097] FX I would like to thank two reviewers for their critical comments. Technical discussions with Tim Howe and Anthony Michaud helped the experiments. I am grateful to Willi Brand for discussion during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was financially supported by USEPA Contract No. 68-C-03-097. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 23 IS 19 BP 3144 EP 3150 DI 10.1002/rcm.4232 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 503BY UT WOS:000270507900016 PM 19714707 ER PT J AU Prause, AS Stoffel, MH Portier, CJ Mevissen, M AF Prause, Andrea S. Stoffel, Michael H. Portier, Christopher J. Mevissen, Meike TI Expression and function of 5-HT7 receptors in smooth muscle preparations from equine duodenum, ileum, and pelvic flexure SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 5-HT7 receptor; Interstitial cells of Cajal; c-Kit; Equine; Intestine; Motility ID GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; INTERSTITIAL-CELLS; SMALL-INTESTINE; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE(4) RECEPTOR; MEDIATING CONTRACTION; LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE; HORSES; SEROTONIN AB In horses, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders occur frequently and cause a considerable demand for efficient medication. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HT) have been reported to be involved in GI tract motility and thus, are potential targets for treating functional bowel disorders. Our studies extend current knowledge on the 5-HT7 receptor in equine duodenum, ileum and pelvic flexure by studying its expression throughout the intestine and its role in modulating contractility in vitro by immunofluorescence and organ bath experiments, respectively. 5-HT7 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in both smooth muscle layers, particularly in the circular one, and within the myenteric plexus. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), identified by c-Kit labeling, show a staining pattern similar to that of 5-HT7 immunoreactivity. The selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970 increased the amplitude of contractions in spontaneous contracting specimens of the ileum and in electrical field-stimulated specimens of the pelvic flexure concentration-dependently. Our in vitro experiments suggest an involvement of the 5-HT7 receptor subtype in contractility of equine intestine. While the 5-HT7 receptor has been established to be constitutively active and inhibits smooth muscle contractility, our experiments demonstrate an increase in contractility by the 5-HT7 receptor ligand SB-269970, suggesting it exerting inverse agonist properties. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prause, Andrea S.; Mevissen, Meike] Univ Bern, Div Vet Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Stoffel, Michael H.] Univ Bern, Div Vet Anat, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Portier, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mevissen, M (reprint author), Univ Bern, Div Vet Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM meike.mevissen@vpi.unibe.ch RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Stoffel, Michael/I-6939-2015 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Stoffel, Michael/0000-0002-4699-5125 FU Vetsuisse and the Berne University Research Foundation; Intramural Research Program of the NIH; NIEHS FX This study was funded by Vetsuisse and the Berne University Research Foundation. This research was supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, and NIEHS. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.03.009 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 482PH UT WOS:000268900700029 PM 19364615 ER PT J AU Goetz, AK Rockett, JC Ren, HZ Thillainadarajah, I Dix, DJ AF Goetz, Amber K. Rockett, John C. Ren, Hongzu Thillainadarajah, Inthirany Dix, David J. TI Inhibition of Rat and Human Steroidogenesis by Triazole Antifungals SO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CYP17; myclobutanil; propiconazole; testosterone; triadimefon ID BEHAVIORAL SENSITIZATION; FUNGICIDE TRIADIMEFON; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; AZOLE FUNGICIDES; IN-VIVO; MECHANISMS; AROMATASE; TESTOSTERONE; EXPRESSION; CHEMICALS AB Environmental chemicals that alter steroid production could interfere with male reproductive development and function. Three agricultural antifungal triazoles that are known to modulate expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes and enzymatic activities were tested for effects on steroidogenesis using rat in vivo (triadimefon), rat in vitro (myclobutanil and triadimefon), and human in vitro (myclobutanil, propiconazole, and triadimefon) model systems. Hormone production was measured in testis organ cultures from,untreated adult and neonatal rats, following in vitro exposure to 1, 10, or 1.00 mu M of myclobutanil or triadimefon. Myclobutanil and triadimefon reduced media levels of testosterone by 40-68% in the adult and neonatal testis culture, and altered steroid production in a manner that indicated CYP17-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) inhibition at the highest concentration tested. Rat to human comparison was explored using the H295R (human adrenal adenocarcinoma) cell line. Following 48 h exposure to myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon at 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 mu M, there was an overall decrease in estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone by all three triazoles. These data indicate that myclobutanil, propiconazole, and triadimefon are weak inhibitors of testosterone production in vitro. However, in vivo exposure of rats to triazoles resulted in increased serum and intra-testicular testosterone levels. This discordance could be due to higher concentrations of triazoles tested in vitro, and differences within an in vitro model system lacking hepatic metabolism and neuroendocrine control. C1 [Dix, David J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol D343 03, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goetz, Amber K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol D343 03, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA; N.C. State University Cooperative Training [CT826512010] FX AKG was supported by U.S. EPA and N.C. State University Cooperative Training Agreement No. CT826512010. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1939-6368 J9 SYST BIOL REPROD MEC JI Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 55 IS 5-6 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.3109/19396360903234045 PG 13 WC Andrology; Reproductive Biology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Reproductive Biology GA 535NE UT WOS:000272975100006 PM 19938956 ER PT J AU Boobis, AR Cohen, SM Doerrer, NG Galloway, SM Haley, PJ Hard, GC Hess, FG Macdonald, JS Thibault, S Wolf, DC Wright, J AF Boobis, Alan R. Cohen, Samuel M. Doerrer, Nancy G. Galloway, Sheila M. Haley, Patrick J. Hard, Gordon C. Hess, Frederick G. Macdonald, James S. Thibault, Stephane Wolf, Douglas C. Wright, Jayne TI A Data-Based Assessment of Alternative Strategies for Identification of Potential Human Cancer Hazards SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; carcinogenicity testing; DNA reactivity; liver carcinogenesis; kidney carcinogenesis; lung carcinogenesis; immunosuppression; nongenotoxic carcinogens; mode of action ID NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CARCINOGENIC RISK; FUMONISIN B-1; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RODENT BIOASSAY; HUMAN RELEVANCE; WORKING GROUP; LIVER-TUMORS; RAT AB The two-year cancer bioassay in rodents remains the primary testing strategy for in-life screening of compounds that might pose a potential cancer hazard. Yet experimental evidence shows that cancer is often secondary to a biological precursor effect, the mode of action is sometimes not relevant to humans, and key events leading to cancer in rodents from nongenotoxic agents usually occur well before tumorigenesis and at the same or lower doses than those producing tumors. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) hypothesized that the signals of importance for human cancer hazard identification can be detected in shorter-term studies. Using the National Toxicology Program (NTP) database, a retrospective analysis was conducted on sixteen chemicals with liver, lung, or kidney tumors in two-year rodent cancer bioassays, and for which short-term data were also available. For nongenotoxic compounds, results showed that cellular changes indicative of a tumorigenic endpoint can be identified for many, but not all, of the chemicals producing tumors in two-year studies after thirteen weeks utilizing conventional endpoints. Additional endpoints are needed to identify some signals not detected with routine evaluation. This effort defined critical questions that should be explored to improve the predictivity of human carcinogenic risk. C1 [Doerrer, Nancy G.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Boobis, Alan R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Cohen, Samuel M.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. [Galloway, Sheila M.] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. [Haley, Patrick J.] Incyte Corp, Wilmington, DE USA. [Hess, Frederick G.] BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Macdonald, James S.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. [Thibault, Stephane] Wyeth Ayerst Res, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X; Wright, Jayne/0000-0003-2246-8555 NR 92 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 714 EP 732 DI 10.1177/0192623309343779 PG 19 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 503AS UT WOS:000270503800003 PM 19700658 ER PT J AU Simmons, SO Fan, CY Ramabhadran, R AF Simmons, Steven O. Fan, Chun-Yang Ramabhadran, Ram TI Cellular Stress Response Pathway System as a Sentinel Ensemble in Toxicological Screening SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE alternatives to animal testing; cell culture; mechanisms; transgenic models; signal transduction; stress response reporter gene assays; cellular stress ID NF-KAPPA-B; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; HEAT-SHOCK-FACTOR; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HEME OXYGENASE-1 GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MTF-1; TRANSGENIC ZEBRAFISH LINE; INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1 HIF-1; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB High costs, long test times, and societal concerns related to animal use have required the development of in vitro assays for the rapid and cost-effective toxicological evaluation and characterization of compounds in both the pharmaceutical and environmental arenas. Although the pharmaceutical industry has developed very effective, high-throughput in vitro assays for determining the therapeutic potential of compounds, the application of this approach to toxicological screening has been limited. A primary reason for this is that while drug candidate screens are directed to a specific target/mechanism, xenobiotics can cause toxicity through any of a myriad of undefined interactions with cellular components and processes. Given that it is not practical to design assays that can interrogate each potential toxicological target, an integrative approach is required if there is to be a rapid and low-cost toxicological evaluation of chemicals. Cellular stress response pathways offer a viable solution to the creation of a set of integrative assays as there is a limited and hence manageable set (a small ensemble of 10 or less) of major cellular stress response pathways through which cells mount a homoeostatic response to toxicants and which also participate in cell fate/death decisions. Further, over the past decades, these pathways have been well characterized at a molecular level thereby enabling the development of high-throughput cell-based assays using the components of the pathways. Utilization of the set of cellular stress response pathway-based assays as indicators of toxic interactions of chemicals with basic cellular machinery will potentially permit the clustering of chemicals based on biological response profiles of common mode of action (MOA) and also the inference of the specific MOA of a toxicant. This article reviews the biochemical characteristics of the stress response pathways, their common architecture that enables rapid activation during stress, their participation in cell fate decisions, the essential nature of these pathways to the organism, and the biochemical basis of their cross-talk that permits an assay ensemble screening approach. Subsequent sections describe how the stress pathway ensemble assay approach could he applied to screening potentially toxic compounds and discuss how this approach may be used to derive toxicant MOA from the biological activity profiles that the ensemble strategy provides. The article concludes with a review of the application of the stress assay concept to noninvasive in vivo assessments of chemical toxicants. C1 [Simmons, Steven O.; Fan, Chun-Yang; Ramabhadran, Ram] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Fan, Chun-Yang] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ramabhadran, R (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ramabhadran.ram@epa.gov OI Simmons, Steven/0000-0001-9079-1069 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 215 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 7 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 2 BP 202 EP 225 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp140 PG 24 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503BU UT WOS:000270507500002 PM 19567883 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC AF Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen TI Biologically Relevant Exposure Science for 21st Century Toxicity Testing SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE exposure; biomarkers; exposure ontology; knowledge bases; network models ID HUMAN-DISEASE; HEALTH; TOXICOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; BIOLOGY; GENOME; GENES AB High visibility efforts in toxicity testing and computational toxicology including the recent National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC) report, Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and Strategy (NRC, 2007a), raise important research questions and opportunities for the field of exposure science. The authors of the National Academies report (NRC, 2007a) emphasize that population-based data and human exposure information are required at each step of their vision for toxicity testing and that these data will continue to play a critical role in both guiding development and use of the toxicity information. In fact, state-of-the-art exposure science is essential for translation of toxicity data to assess potential for risk to individuals and populations and to inform public health decisions. As we move forward to implement the NRC vision, a transformational change in exposure science is required. Application of a fresh perspective and novel techniques to capture critical determinants at biologically motivated resolution for translation from controlled in vitro systems to the open multifactorial system of real-world human-environment interaction will be critical. Development of an exposure ontology and knowledgebase will facilitate extension of network analysis to the individual and population for translating toxicity information and assessing health risk. Such a sea change in exposure science is required to incorporate consideration of lifestage, genetic susceptibility, and interaction of nonchemical stressors for holistic assessment of risk factors associated with complex environmental disease. A new generation of scientific tools has emerged to rapidly measure signals from cells, tissues, and organisms following exposure to chemicals. Investment in 21st century exposure science is now required to fully realize the potential of the NRC vision for toxicity testing. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 2 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp159 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503BU UT WOS:000270507500003 PM 19602574 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Gilmour, MI Schladweiler, MC McClure, M Hays, M Kodavanti, UP AF Saxena, Rajiv K. Gilmour, M. Ian Schladweiler, Mette C. McClure, Michael Hays, Michael Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Differential Pulmonary Retention of Diesel Exhaust Particles in Wistar Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust particles; lung clearance; Wistar Kyoto rats; spontaneously hypertensive rats; hypertension; lymph nodes; lymphatic drainage ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERN; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; LUNG; CLEARANCE; MATTER; INHALATION; DISEASE; AEROSOL; DEPOSITION AB Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats have been used for understanding the mechanisms of variations in susceptibility to airborne pollutants. We examined the lung burden of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) following inhalation of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) in both strains. The kinetics of clearance was also examined after single intratracheal (IT) instillation of DER Lungs were analyzed for DEP elemental carbon (EC) after exposure to DEE (0, 500, or 2000 mu g/m(3) 4 h/day, 5 days/week x 4 weeks). SH rats bad 16% less DEP-EC at 500 and 32% less at 2000 mu g/m(3) in the lungs, despite having 50% higher than the average minute volume. No strain-related differences were noted in number of alveolar macrophages or their average DEP load as evident from examining cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The kinetics of DEP clearance from lungs of male WKY and SH rats was studied following a single instillation at 0.0 or 8.33 mg/kg of DEP standard reference material (SRM 2975) from the National Institute of Standards Technology. SH rats cleared 60% DEP over 112 days while minimal clearance occurred from the lungs of WKY. The pattern of DEP-induced inflammatory response assessed by BALF analysis was similar in both strains, although the overall protein leak was slightly greater in SH rats. A time-dependent accumulation of DEP occurred in tracheal lymph nodes of both strains (SH > WKY). Thus, SH rats may clear DEP more efficiently from their lungs than normotensive WKY rats, with a small contribution of more effective lymphatic drainage. C1 [Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Saxena, Rajiv K.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [McClure, Michael; Hays, Michael] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Cardiopulm & Immunotoxicol Branch, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 FU National Research Council FX National Research Council senior fellowship award supported R.K.S. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 2 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp164 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503BU UT WOS:000270507500020 PM 19635756 ER PT J AU He, YT Hering, JG AF He, Y. Thomas Hering, Janet G. TI Enhancement of Arsenic(III) Sequestration by Manganese Oxides in the Presence of Iron(II) SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Groundwater contamination; Natural attenuation; Speciation; Sorption; Oxidation ID NATURAL ATTENUATION; SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; DRINKING-WATER; OXIDATION; REMOVAL; AS(III); MN; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; FE AB Mobilization of arsenic (As) in the subsurface environment can result in elevated concentrations of As in groundwater and potential human exposure and adverse health effects. Natural attenuation (i.e., sequestration) of As may, under appropriate geochemical conditions, serve to limit human exposure to As. The effectiveness of As sequestration by sorption, co-precipitation, and/or precipitation can be strongly influenced by redox conditions, which can control the solubility of sorbent phases and the stability of As-containing solids. The redox transformation of As between the +III and +V oxidation states can also affect the extent of As sorption. The effect of amendment with synthetic manganese (Mn) oxide birnessite (nominally MnO2) on As sequestration in a sediment suspension was examined in the absence and presence of iron (Fe) added as Fe(II). In the absence of Fe(II), the extent of As(III) oxidation to As (V) increased with increasing birnessite amendment, but As sequestration was not increased. In the presence of Fe(II), however, As sequestration did increase with increasing birnessite amendment. Concurrently, Fe(II) was also sequestered, and the Fe(III) content of the solid phase was observed to increase, suggesting that the oxidative precipitation of an Fe (III) oxyhydroxide phase plays an important role in As sequestration. These results suggest that amendment with Mn(III, IV) oxides could be an effective way to augment natural attenuation of As in cases where As-contaminated groundwater also contains elevated concentrations of Fe(II). C1 [He, Y. Thomas; Hering, Janet G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP He, YT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Groundwater & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM he.yongtian@epa.gov FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1374] FX This work was supported by funding from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP ER-1374). The authors would like to acknowledge Integrated Science and Technology, Inc. for assistance with sediment sampling. We also want to thank Drs. Kate Campbell and Nathan Dalleska for their help with LC-ICP-MS for arsenic analysis and speciation. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 203 IS 1-4 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0018-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 495UG UT WOS:000269919900031 ER PT J AU Wong, R Elrod, J Gabel, S Steenbergen, C Molkentin, J Murphy, E AF Wong, Renee Elrod, John Gabel, Scott Steenbergen, Charles Molkentin, Jeff Murphy, Elizabeth TI Oxidative Metabolism Is Elevated in Cyclophilin D-Knockout Mice SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Conference 2009 CY JUL 20-23, 2009 CL Lake Las Vegas, Henderson, NV SP Amer Heart Assoc HO Lake Las Vegas C1 [Wong, Renee; Murphy, Elizabeth] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Elrod, John; Molkentin, Jeff] Univ Cincinnati, Childrens Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Gabel, Scott] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Rsch Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Steenbergen, Charles] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 MA P60 BP E22 EP E22 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 498OJ UT WOS:000270150800073 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'neill, RV Smith, ER AF Tran, Liem T. O'neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. TI Determine the most influencing stressors and the most susceptible resources for environmental integrated assessment SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Stressors; Resources; Limiting priorities; Integrated environmental assessment AB The paper presents a method to determine the most influencing stressors and the most susceptible resources for complex assessment problems involving multiple stressors impacting multiple resources over a region. The method is based on the concept of limiting priorities in a square matrix which capture the transmission of influence along all paths between stressors and resources in the matrix. The proposed method allows the relationship between stressors and resources to be looked at in both univariate and multivariate fashion, taking into account the interactions among the variables. Hypothetical and case study examples are given for illustration purpose. It shows that the proposed method is suitable for the determination of the most important stressors and the most susceptible resources, a common (but often uneasy) task in integrated environmental assessment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tran, Liem T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'neill, Robert V.] TN & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smith, Elizabeth R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 18 BP 2335 EP 2340 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.013 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486TS UT WOS:000269222400018 ER PT J AU Bushel, PR AF Bushel, Pierre R. TI Delineation of Perturbed Biological Systems that Govern Hepatotoxic Potential SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN SOC TOXICOGENOMICS & TOXICOPROTEOMICS PI SEOUL PA KOREA INST SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PO BOX 131 CHEONGRYANG, SEOUL, 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-642X J9 MOL CELL TOXICOL JI Mol. Cell. Toxicol. PD SEP 20 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 497BG UT WOS:000270028200002 ER PT J AU Bushel, PR AF Bushel, Pierre R. TI Cross Tissue Inference: Genomic Indicators of Hepatotoxicity Conferred through Perturbed Systems in the Blood SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN SOC TOXICOGENOMICS & TOXICOPROTEOMICS PI SEOUL PA KOREA INST SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PO BOX 131 CHEONGRYANG, SEOUL, 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-642X J9 MOL CELL TOXICOL JI Mol. Cell. Toxicol. PD SEP 20 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 497BG UT WOS:000270028200009 ER PT J AU Jung, J Nde, C Toghrol, F Bentley, WE Jang, HJ AF Jung, Juyoung Nde, Chantal Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. Jang, Hyeung-Jin TI Toxicogenomic response of Mycobacterium bovis to hydrogen peroxide SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jung, Juyoung; Jang, Hyeung-Jin] Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Oriental Med, Dept Biochem, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Nde, Chantal; Bentley, William E.; Jang, Hyeung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft Meade, FL USA. RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN SOC TOXICOGENOMICS & TOXICOPROTEOMICS PI SEOUL PA KOREA INST SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PO BOX 131 CHEONGRYANG, SEOUL, 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-642X J9 MOL CELL TOXICOL JI Mol. Cell. Toxicol. PD SEP 20 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 497BG UT WOS:000270028200076 ER PT J AU Chang, NB Daranpob, A Yang, YJ Jin, KR AF Chang, Ni-Bin Daranpob, Ammarin Yang, Y. Jeffrey Jin, Kang-Ren TI Comparative Data Mining Analysis for Information Retrieval of MODIS Images: Monitoring Lake Turbidity Changes at Lake Okeechobee, Florida SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE turbidity; water quality; remote sensing; MODIS; data mining; lake management ID WATER-QUALITY CLASSIFICATION; NEURAL-NETWORK; TAMPA BAY; SEDIMENTS; COASTAL; CHLOROPHYLL; ESTUARY; MODEL AB In the remote sensing field, a frequently recurring question is: Which computational intelligence or data mining algorithms are most suitable for the retrieval of essential information given that most natural systems exhibit very high non-linearity. Among potential candidates might be empirical regression, neural network model, support vector machine, genetic algorithm/genetic programming, analytical equation, etc. This paper compares three types of data mining techniques, including multiple non-linear regression, artificial neural networks, and genetic programming, for estimating multi-temporal turbidity changes following hurricane events at Lake Okeechobee, Florida. This retrospective analysis aims to identify how the major hurricanes impacted the water quality management in 2003-2004. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra 8-day composite imageries were used to retrieve the spatial patterns of turbidity distributions for comparison against the visual patterns discernible in the in-situ observations. By evaluating four statistical parameters, the genetic programming model was finally selected as the most suitable data mining tool for classification in which the MODIS band 1 image and wind speed were recognized as the major determinants by the model. The multi-temporal turbidity maps generated before and after the major hurricane events in 2003-2004 showed that turbidity levels were substantially higher after hurricane episodes. The spatial patterns of turbidity confirm that sediment-laden water travels to the shore where it reduces the intensity of the light necessary to submerged plants for photosynthesis. This reduction results in substantial loss of biomass during the post-hurricane period. C1 [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Daranpob, Ammarin; Yang, Y. Jeffrey] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jin, Kang-Ren] Hydrol & Environm Syst Modeling Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM nchang@mail.ucf.edu; ammarin_r@hotmail.com; Yang.Jeff@epamail.epa.gov; kjin@sfwmd.gov FU US EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory; South Florida Water Management District; The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX Financial and administrative support from the US EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory and South Florida Water Management District is gratefully acknowledged. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD SEP 17 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033549 DI 10.1117/1.3244644 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520YL UT WOS:000271885600001 ER PT J AU Bushel, PR Heard, NA Gutman, R Liu, LW Peddada, SD Pyne, S AF Bushel, Pierre R. Heard, Nicholas A. Gutman, Roee Liu, Liwen Peddada, Shyamal D. Pyne, Saumyadipta TI Dissecting the fission yeast regulatory network reveals phase-specific control elements of its cell cycle SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS; DIVISION CYCLE; GENOMIC SCALE; TIME-SERIES; PROTEIN AB Background: Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are among the original model organisms in the study of the cell-division cycle. Unlike budding yeast, no large-scale regulatory network has been constructed for fission yeast. It has only been partially characterized. As a result, important regulatory cascades in budding yeast have no known or complete counterpart in fission yeast. Results: By integrating genome-wide data from multiple time course cell cycle microarray experiments we reconstructed a gene regulatory network. Based on the network, we discovered in addition to previously known regulatory hubs in M phase, a new putative regulatory hub in the form of the HMG box transcription factor SPBC19G7.04. Further, we inferred periodic activities of several less known transcription factors over the course of the cell cycle, identified over 500 putative regulatory targets and detected many new phase-specific and conserved cis-regulatory motifs. In particular, we show that SPBC19G7.04 has highly significant periodic activity that peaks in early M phase, which is coordinated with the late G2 activity of the forkhead transcription factor fkh2. Finally, using an enhanced Bayesian algorithm to co-cluster the expression data, we obtained 31 clusters of co-regulated genes 1) which constitute regulatory modules from different phases of the cell cycle, 2) whose phase order is coherent across the 10 time course experiments, and 3) which lead to identification of phase-specific control elements at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in S. pombe. In particular, the ribosome biogenesis clusters expressed in G2 phase reveal new, highly conserved RNA motifs. Conclusion: Using a systems-level analysis of the phase-specific nature of the S. pombe cell cycle gene regulation, we have provided new testable evidence for post-transcriptional regulation in the G2 phase of the fission yeast cell cycle. Based on this comprehensive gene regulatory network, we demonstrated how one can generate and investigate plausible hypotheses on fission yeast cell cycle regulation which can potentially be explored experimentally. C1 [Bushel, Pierre R.; Liu, Liwen; Peddada, Shyamal D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Heard, Nicholas A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London, England. [Gutman, Roee] Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pyne, Saumyadipta] Harvard Univ, Cambridge Ctr 7, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Pyne, Saumyadipta] MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Bushel, Pierre R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Stat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bushel, Pierre R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pyne, Saumyadipta] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bushel, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bushel@niehs.nih.gov; n.heard@imperial.ac.uk; rgutman@fas.harvard.edu; liuliw@niehs.nih.gov; peddada@niehs.nih.gov; Saumyadipta_Pyne@DFCI.HARVARD.EDU RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012; Gutman, Roee/J-2355-2014 OI Gutman, Roee/0000-0001-7095-3016 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES101744-04] FX Research of PRB, LL and SDP was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES101744-04]. We thank Jonathan H. Freedman and Reuben Thomas for their review of the manuscript. SP thanks Aviv Regev and Ana Paula Leite for programs on module network analysis. We also dearly thank James C. Liao for his personal communication regarding NCA. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD SEP 16 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 93 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-3-93 PG 21 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 506EE UT WOS:000270755700001 PM 19758441 ER PT J AU Lamendella, R Domingo, JWS Yannarell, AC Ghosh, S Di Giovanni, G Mackie, RI Oerther, DB AF Lamendella, Regina Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Yannarell, Anthony C. Ghosh, Shreya Di Giovanni, George Mackie, Roderick I. Oerther, Daniel B. TI Evaluation of Swine-Specific PCR Assays Used for Fecal Source Tracking and Analysis of Molecular Diversity of Swine-Specific "Bacteroidales" Populations SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE GENES; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; PRODUCTION FACILITIES; HOST DIFFERENCES; BACTERIA; POLLUTION; FECES; PREVALENCE; RICHNESS AB In this study, we evaluated the specificity, distribution, and sensitivity of Prevotella strain-based (PF163 and PigBac1) and methanogen-based (P23-2) PCR assays proposed to detect swine fecal pollution in environmental waters. The assays were tested against 222 fecal DNA extracts derived from target and nontarget animal hosts and against 34 groundwater and 15 surface water samples from five different sites. We also investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 1,340 "Bacteroidales" 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from swine feces, swine waste lagoons, swine manure pits, and waters adjacent to swine operations. Most swine fecal samples were positive for the host-specific Prevotella-based PCR assays (80 to 87%), while fewer were positive with the methanogen-targeted PCR assay (53%). Similarly, the Prevotella markers were detected more frequently than the methanogen-targeted assay markers in waters historically impacted with swine fecal contamination. However, the PF163 PCR assay cross-reacted with 23% of nontarget fecal DNA extracts, although Bayesian statistics suggested that it yielded the highest probability of detecting pig fecal contamination in a given water sample. Phylogenetic analyses revealed previously unknown swine-associated clades comprised of clones from geographically diverse swine sources and from water samples adjacent to swine operations that are not targeted by the Prevotella assays. While deeper sequencing coverage might be necessary to better understand the molecular diversity of fecal Bacteroidales species, results of sequence analyses supported the presence of swine fecal pollution in the studied watersheds. Overall, due to nontarget cross amplification and poor geographic stability of currently available host-specific PCR assays, development of additional assays is necessary to accurately detect sources of swine fecal pollution. C1 [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lamendella, Regina; Ghosh, Shreya; Oerther, Daniel B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Yannarell, Anthony C.; Mackie, Roderick I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yannarell, Anthony C.; Mackie, Roderick I.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Di Giovanni, George] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, El Paso, TX 79927 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014 OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205 FU National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U. S. EPA, Office of Research and Development FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 18 BP 5787 EP 5796 DI 10.1128/AEM.00448-09 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 491VF UT WOS:000269608000006 PM 19633126 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Domingo, JWS Hill, S Edge, TA AF Lu, Jingrang Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Hill, Stephen Edge, Thomas A. TI Microbial Diversity and Host-Specific Sequences of Canada Goose Feces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; FECAL POLLUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CECAL MICROBIOTA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CHICKEN; GENE AB Methods to assess the impact of goose fecal contamination are needed as the result of the increasing number of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) near North American inland waters. However, there is little information on goose fecal microbial communities, and such data are important for the development of host-specific source-tracking methods. To address this issue, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries for Canada goose fecal samples from Ontario, Canada, and Ohio were analyzed. Analyses of fecal clones from Ontario (447) and Ohio (302) showed that goose fecal communities are dominated by the classes "Clostridia" (represented by 33.7% of clones) and "Bacilli" (38.1% of clones) and the phylum "Bacteroidetes" (10.1% of clones). Sequences not previously found in other avian fecal communities were used to develop host-specific assays. Fecal DNA extracts from sewage plants (10 samples) and different species of birds (11 samples) and mammals (18 samples) were used to test for host specificity. Of all the assays tested, one assay showed specificity for Canada goose fecal DNA. The PCR assay was positive for Canada goose fecal DNA extracts collected from three locations in North America (Ohio, Oregon, and Ontario, Canada). Additionally, of 48 DNA extracts from Lake Ontario waters presumed to be impacted by waterfowl feces, 19 tested positive by the assay, although 10 were positive only after a nested PCR approach was used. Due to the level of host specificity and the presence of signals in environmental waters, the assay is proposed as a part of the toolbox to detect Canada goose contamination in waterfowl-contaminated waters. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hill, Stephen; Edge, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov FU National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Environment Canada FX This research was funded in part by a New Start Award from the National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to J.W.S.D. and a grant from Environment Canada's STAGE genomics program to T. A. E.; The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. This work has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 18 BP 5919 EP 5926 DI 10.1128/AEM.00462-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 491VF UT WOS:000269608000020 PM 19633110 ER PT J AU Bednar, AJ Kirgan, RA Karn, RA Donovan, B Mohn, MF Sirkis, DM AF Bednar, A. J. Kirgan, R. A. Karn, R. A. Donovan, B. Mohn, M. F. Sirkis, D. M. TI Mobility and sorption of bis-2-chloroethyl ether in an aquifer material SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE BCEE; Bis-2-chloroethyl ether; Sorption; Aquifer material; Column leach ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL; DNAPL; SOLUBILIZATION; REMEDIATION AB Active treatment of BCEE (bis-2-chloroethyl ether) is being currently performed in the on-site Cohansey Aquifer at the Lipari Superfund Site. Remediation of BCEE in the underlying Kirkwood aquifer is being considered, necessitating investigations of BCEE geochemistry in aquifer material from the site. It is currently unknown to what extent BCEE is present in the dissolved. sorbed, or free-product phase in the Kirkwood Sand aquifer material. A series of partition coefficient sorption, column leach, and column loading tests were conducted to determine BCEE sorption to, and mobility in, the Kirkwood Sand aquifer material. The leach studies indicated that up to 50% of BCEE spiked (as free-phase product) onto two aquifer material column designs could be leached in approximately 18 h, due to the high aqueous solubility of BCEE. Dissolved BCEE concentrations then began to plateau as sorption reactions hindered further leaching, resulting in up to 80% removal after 48 h. Column loading and batch sorption experiments suggest that BCEE mobility is limited by sorption rather than solubility factors. Tracer tests in both column loading and batch sorption tests indicate sorption hinders leaching of BCEE from the Kirkwood Sand material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bednar, A. J.; Kirgan, R. A.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Donovan, B.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Mohn, M. F.; Sirkis, D. M.] US Army Engineer Philadelphia Dist, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Bednar, AJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Anthony.J.Bednar@usace.army.mil FU Chief of Engineers FX The use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. The authors thank Deborah Felt and Christian McGrath of the USACE for their editorial comments. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 168 IS 2-3 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.138 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473IX UT WOS:000268200700069 PM 19345490 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Loney, D Cormier, S Satterstrom, FK Bridges, T AF Linkov, Igor Loney, Drew Cormier, Susan Satterstrom, F. Kyle Bridges, Todd TI Weight-of-evidence evaluation in environmental assessment: Review of qualitative and quantitative approaches SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Weight of evidence; Environmental risk assessment; Ecological risk assessment; Human health risk assessment; multi-criteria decision analysis ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; MULTICRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; CONTAMINATED SITES; SEDIMENT QUALITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; SELECTION; EXPOSURE; CRITERIA; SYSTEM; SOIL AB Assessments of human health and ecological risk draw upon multiple types and sources of information, requiring the integration of multiple lines of evidence before conclusions may be reached. Risk assessors often make use of weight-of-evidence (WOE) approaches to perform the integration, whether integrating evidence concerning potential carcinogenicity, toxicity, and exposure from chemicals at a contaminated site, or evaluating processes concerned with habitat loss or modification when managing a natural resource. Historically. assessors have relied upon qualitative WOE approaches, such as professional judgment, or limited quantitative methods, such as direct scoring, to develop conclusions from multiple lines of evidence. Current practice often lacks transparency resulting in risk estimates lacking quantified uncertainty. This paper reviews recent applications of weight of evidence used in human health and ecological risk assessment. Applications are sorted based on whether the approach relies on qualitative and quantitative methods in order to reveal trends in the use of the term weight of evidence, especially as a means to facilitate structured and transparent development of risk conclusions from multiple lines of evidence. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Linkov, Igor; Loney, Drew; Bridges, Todd] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Loney, Drew] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cormier, Susan] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Satterstrom, F. Kyle] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers; Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER) FX We would like to thank Drs. Jongbum Kim, Joshua Gold, Burton Suedel, and Tom Seager for their comments and useful discussions. Funding was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers' Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER) Program. Permission was granted by the USACE Chief of Engineers to publish this material. NR 58 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 19 BP 5199 EP 5205 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 491JY UT WOS:000269576100001 PM 19619890 ER PT J AU Tong, HY Mcgee, JK Saxena, RK Kodavanti, UP Devlin, RB Gilmour, MI AF Tong, Haiyan McGee, John K. Saxena, Rajiv K. Kodavanti, Urmila P. Devlin, Robert B. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Influence of acid functionalization on the cardiopulmonary toxicity of carbon nanotubes and carbon black particles in mice SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid functionalization; SWCNT; Carbon black; Cardiopulmonary toxicity; Mice ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; IN-VITRO; INFLAMMATION; EXPOSURE; LUNG; TRANSLOCATION; CYTOTOXICITY; INSTILLATION; CIRCULATION; INJURY AB Engineered carbon nanotubes are being developed for a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Because of their unique properties, nanotubes can impose potentially toxic effects, particularly if they have been modified to express functionally reactive chemical groups on their surface. The present study was designed to evaluate whether acid functionalization (AF) enhanced the cardiopulmonary toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as control carbon black particles. Mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 10 or 40 mu g of saline-suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), acid-functionalized SWCNTs (AF-SWCNTs), ultrafine carbon black (UFCB), AF-UFCB, or 2 mu g LPS. 24 hours later, pulmonary inflammatory responses and cardiac effects were assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage and isolated cardiac perfusion respectively, and compared to saline or LPS-instilled animals. Additional mice were assessed for histological changes in lung and heart. Instillation of 40 mu g of AF-SWCNTs, UFCB and AF-UFCB increased percentage of pulmonary neutrophils. No significant effects were observed at the lower particle concentration. Sporadic clumps of particles from each treatment group were observed in the small airways and interstitial areas of the lungs according to particle dose. Patches of cellular infiltration and edema in both the small airways and in the interstitium were also observed in the high dose group. Isolated perfused hearts from mice exposed to 40 mu g of AF-SWCNTs had significantly lower cardiac functional recovery, greater infarct size, and higher coronary flow rate than other particle-ex posed animals and controls, and also exhibited signs of focal cardiac myofiber degeneration. No particles were detected in heart tissue under light microscopy. This study indicates that while acid functionalization increases the pulmonary toxicity of both UFCB and SWCNTs, this treatment caused cardiac effects only with the AF-carbon nanotubes. Further experiments are needed to understand the physico-chemical processes involved in this phenomenon. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tong, Haiyan; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McGee, John K.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Saxena, Rajiv K.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Tong, HY (reprint author), 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tong.haiyan@epa.gov FU US EPA Intramural Federal Research FX The research described was supported by the US EPA Intramural Federal Research. NR 30 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 239 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.019 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 492RN UT WOS:000269677000002 PM 19481103 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PN Hoffman, AD Lien, GJ Hammermeister, DE Nichols, JW AF Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Hoffman, Alex D. Lien, Gregory J. Hammermeister, Dean E. Nichols, John W. TI Kinetics and effects of dichloroacetic acid in rainbow trout SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disinfection byproducts; Halogenated acetic acids; Dichloroacetic acid; Trout; Kinetics ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE ZETA; IONIZABLE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DRINKING-WATER; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; URINARY METABOLITES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; B6C3F1 MICE AB Halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) produced by chlorine disinfection of municipal drinking water represent a potentially important class of environmental contaminants. Little is known, however, about their potential to adversely impact fish and other aquatic life. In this study we examined the kinetics and effects of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in rainbow trout. Branchial uptake was measured in fish confined to respirometer-metabolism chambers. Branchial uptake efficiency was <5%, suggesting passive diffusion through aqueous channels in the gill epithelium. DCA concentrations in tissues following prolonged (72, 168, or 336 h) waterborne exposures were expressed as tissue: plasma concentration ratios. Concentration ratios for the kidney and muscle at 168 and 336 h were consistent with the suggestion that DCA distributes primarily to tissue water. Reduced concentration ratios for the liver, particularly at 72 h, indicated that DCA was highly metabolized by this tissue. Routes and rates of elimination were characterized by injecting chambered animals with a high (5.0 mg/kg) or low (50 mu g/kg) bolus dose. DCA was rapidly cleared by naive animals resulting in elimination half-lives (t(1/2)) of less than 4 h. Waterborne pre-treatment of fish with DCA increased the persistence of a subsequently injected dose. In high dose animals, pre-treatment caused a 4-fold decrease in whole-body clearance (CLB) and corresponding increases in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (extrapolated to infinity; AUC(0 ->infinity)) and t(1/2). Qualitatively similar results were obtained in low dose fish, although the magnitude of the pretreatment effect (similar to 2.5-fold) was reduced. Renal and branchial clearance contributed little (combined, <3% of CLB) to the elimination of DCA. Biliary elimination of DCA was also negligible. The steady-state volume of distribution (V-SS) did not vary among treatment groups and was consistent with results of the tissue distribution study. DCA had no apparent effects on respiratory physiology or acid-base balance; however, the concentration of blood lactate declined progressively during continuous waterborne exposures. A transient effect on blood lactate was also observed in bolus injection experiments. The results of this study suggest that clearance of DCA is due almost entirely to metabolism. The pathway responsible for this activity exhibits characteristics in common with those of mammalian glutathione S-transferase zeta (GST zeta), including non-linear kinetics and apparent suicide inactivation by DCA. Observed effects on blood lactate are probably due to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in aerobic tissues and may require the participation of a monocarboxylase transport protein to move DCA across cell membranes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Lien, Gregory J.; Hammermeister, Dean E.; Nichols, John W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Fitzsimmons, PN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM fitzsimmons.patrick@epa.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD SEP 14 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.07.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 505MJ UT WOS:000270697400003 PM 19656582 ER PT J AU Ge, Y Bruno, M Preston, J Ross, J AF Ge, Yue Bruno, Maribel Preston, Julian Ross, Jeffrey TI Application of OMICS data to human health risk assessment of environmental chemicals SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY SEP 13-16, 2009 CL Dreden, GERMANY SP European Soc Toxicol C1 [Ge, Yue; Bruno, Maribel; Preston, Julian; Ross, Jeffrey] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2009 VL 189 BP S40 EP S40 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.127 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 493ZM UT WOS:000269778800114 ER PT J AU Gilmour, MI AF Gilmour, M. Ian TI The influence of air pollutants on allergic sensitization in the lung SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY SEP 13-16, 2009 CL Dreden, GERMANY SP European Soc Toxicol C1 [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2009 VL 189 BP S34 EP S34 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.071 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 493ZM UT WOS:000269778800100 ER PT J AU Heinemeyer, G Ozkaynak, H AF Heinemeyer, G. Ozkaynak, Haluk TI Understanding and Applying Human Exposure Models: WHO guidance, with demonstration/case study of an exposure model SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY SEP 13-16, 2009 CL Dreden, GERMANY SP European Soc Toxicol C1 [Heinemeyer, G.] Bundesinst Risikobewertung BfR, Berlin, Germany. [Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2009 VL 189 BP S12 EP S12 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.154 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 493ZM UT WOS:000269778800034 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Nicolaou, PA Shoemaker, JA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Nicolaou, Persoulla A. Shoemaker, Jody A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Impact of the morphological properties of thin TiO2 photocatalytic films on the detoxification of water contaminated with the cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE Cyanotoxins; Microcystin-LR; Photocatalytic; TiO2 photocatalysis; Thin films; Water treatment; Water detoxification; PP1 enzyme ID PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; DEGRADATION; OXYGEN; LIGHT; DECOMPOSITION; DESTRUCTION; NODULARINS AB This study investigated the use of thin transparent TiO2 photocatalytic films, prepared with novel sol-gel methods containing surfactants as templating materials, for the degradation of the cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR). MC-LR is an emerging contaminant from the Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLs 1-3) of the USEPA. The effects of UV-A radiation, solution pH, initial toxin concentration, coated surface area of the TiO2 films and their structural properties (porosity, crystallinity and thickness) on the degradation rate of MC-LR were investigated. Photolysis did not occur with UV-A radiation. Acidic pH was more efficient for the degradation of MC-LR due to toxin interaction with the catalyst surface and increased adsorption into the porous films. The degradation profiles of the toxin at different initial concentrations were fitted with pseudo-first order kinetics. Films prepared with three coatings (0.3 mu m thickness) had the best performance at acidic and neutral pH, while the exclusion of surfactant from the preparation method resulted in non-porous films with decreased performance. The parameter that mostly affected the degradation rate was the solution pH. The toxicity of the treated samples, evaluated by an in-house protein phosphatase 1 assay, indicated that treatment with the TiO2 photocatalytic films indeed resulted in complete removal of MC-LR's toxicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nicolaou, Persoulla A.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol & Cell Biophys, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall,POB 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0448117]; U.S.EPA [RD-83322301]; Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati; University Research Council of LIC FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation through a CAREER Award (BES-0448117) to D.D.D., the U.S.EPA (RD-83322301) and the Center of Sustainable Urban Engineering (SUE) at the University of Cincinnati. M.G.A. is grateful to Sigma Xi, The Scientific Society for a Grant-in-Aid of Research Fellowship, the Rindsberg Memorial Fund of UC and the University Research Council of LIC for a Summer Research Fellowship. M.G.A. is also thankful to Shirish Agarwal (UC) and Hyeok Choi (USEPA) for insightful input. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD SEP 7 PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.05.020 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 488UA UT WOS:000269374400020 ER PT J AU Resnik, DB AF Resnik, David B. TI Perspective: Disclosing Hidden Sources of Funding SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER AB In this article, the author discusses ethical and policy issues related to the disclosure of hidden sources of funding in research. The author argues that authors have an ethical obligation to disclose hidden sources of funding and that journals should adopt policies to enforce this obligation. Journal policies should require disclosure of hidden sources of funding that authors know about and that have a direct relation to their research. To stimulate this discussion, the author describes a recent case: investigators who conducted a lung cancer screening study had received funding from a private foundation that was supported by a tobacco company, but they did not disclose this relationship to the journal. Investigators and journal editors must be prepared to deal with these issues in a manner that promotes honesty, transparency, fairness, and accountability in research. The development of well-defined, reasonable policies pertaining to hidden sources of funding can be a step in this direction. C1 [Resnik, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Resnik, DB (reprint author), 111 Alexander Dr,Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnikd@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the intramural program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1226 EP 1228 DI 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b18835 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 505RJ UT WOS:000270712100017 PM 19707061 ER PT J AU Fann, N Fulcher, CM Hubbell, BJ AF Fann, Neal Fulcher, Charles M. Hubbell, Bryan J. TI The influence of location, source, and emission type in estimates of the human health benefits of reducing a ton of air pollution SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Benefit per ton; PM2.5; Health benefits; BenMAP; CMAQ; RSM; $/ton; Precursor; SOx, NOx, NH3, VOC, carbonaceous particles; Industrial point sources; Electrical generating units; Area sources; Mobile sources; Air pollution; Population exposure; Spatial heterogeneity; Source; Emission type AB The benefit per ton ($/ton) of reducing PM2.5 varies by the location of the emission reduction, the type of source emitting the precursor, and the specific precursor controlled. This paper examines how each of these factors influences the magnitude of the $/ton estimate. We employ a reduced-form air quality model to predict changes in ambient PM2.5 resulting from an array of emission control scenarios affecting 12 different combinations of sources emitting carbonaceous particles, NOx, SOx, NH3, and volatile organic compounds. We perform this modeling for each of nine urban areas and one nationwide area. Upon modeling the air quality change, we then divide the total monetized health benefits by the PM2.5 precursor emission reductions to generate $/ton metrics. The resulting $/ton estimates exhibit the greatest variability across certain precursors and sources such as area source SOx, point source SOx, and mobile source NH3. Certain $/ton estimates, including mobile source NOx, exhibit significant variability across urban areas. Reductions in carbonaceous particles generate the largest $/ton across all locations. C1 [Fann, Neal; Fulcher, Charles M.; Hubbell, Bryan J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fann, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Fann.neal@epa.gov OI Fann, Neal/0000-0002-6724-8575; Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 15 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s11869-009-0044-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25HS UT WOS:000208469700005 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Kelty, CA Sivaganesan, M Varma, M Haugland, RA AF Shanks, Orin C. Kelty, Catherine A. Sivaganesan, Mano Varma, Manju Haugland, Richard A. TI Quantitative PCR for Genetic Markers of Human Fecal Pollution SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; FRESH-WATER; BACTEROIDES; BACTERIA; SAMPLES; ASSAYS; QUANTIFICATION; UNIVERSAL; SEQUENCES; FLORA AB Assessment of health risk and fecal bacterial loads associated with human fecal pollution requires reliable host-specific analytical methods and a rapid quantification approach. We report the development of quantitative PCR assays for quantification of two recently described human-specific genetic markers targeting Bacteroidales-like cell surface-associated genes. Each assay exhibited a range of quantification from 10 to 1 x 106 copies of target DNA. For each assay, internal amplification controls were developed to detect the presence or absence of amplification inhibitors. The assays predominantly detected human fecal specimens and exhibited specificity levels greater than 97% when tested against 265 fecal DNA extracts from 22 different animal species. The abundance of each human-specific genetic marker in primary effluent wastewater samples collected from 20 geographically distinct locations was measured and compared to quantities estimated by real-time PCR assays specific for rRNA gene sequences from total Bacteroidales and enterococcal fecal microorganisms. Assay performances combined with the prevalence of DNA targets in sewage samples provide experimental evidence supporting the potential application of these quantitative methods for monitoring fecal pollution in ambient environmental waters. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; Kelty, Catherine A.; Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Varma, Manju; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed or partially funded and collaborated in the research described herein. NR 30 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 17 BP 5507 EP 5513 DI 10.1128/AEM.00305-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 488JA UT WOS:000269344200011 PM 19592537 ER PT J AU Wahman, DG Wulfeck-Kleier, KA Pressman, JG AF Wahman, David G. Wulfeck-Kleier, Karen A. Pressman, Jonathan G. TI Monochloramine Disinfection Kinetics of Nitrosomonas europaea by Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR and Live/Dead BacLight Methods SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; CHLORAMINATED DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; SEQUENTIAL INACTIVATION; MICROBIAL INACTIVATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; OZONE; BACTERIA; MODEL; WATER AB Monochloramine disinfection kinetics were determined for the pure-culture ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 19718) by two culture-independent methods, namely, Live/Dead BacLight (LD) and propidium monoazide quantitative PCR (PMA-qPCR). Both methods were first verified with mixtures of heat-killed (nonviable) and non-heat-killed (viable) cells before a series of batch disinfection experiments with stationary-phase cultures (batch grown for 7 days) at pH 8.0, 25 degrees C, and 5, 10, and 20 mg Cl(2)/liter monochloramine. Two data sets were generated based on the viability method used, either (i) LD or (ii) PMA-qPCR. These two data sets were used to estimate kinetic parameters for the delayed Chick-Watson disinfection model through a Bayesian analysis implemented in WinBUGS. This analysis provided parameter estimates of 490 mg Cl(2)-min/liter for the lag coefficient (b) and 1.6 x 10(-3) to 4.0 x 10(-3) liter/mg Cl(2)-min for the Chick-Watson disinfection rate constant (k). While estimates of b were similar for both data sets, the LD data set resulted in a greater k estimate than that obtained with the PMA-qPCR data set, implying that the PMA-qPCR viability measure was more conservative than LD. For N. europaea, the lag phase was not previously reported for culture-independent methods and may have implications for nitrification in drinking water distribution systems. This is the first published application of a PMA-qPCR method for disinfection kinetic model parameter estimation as well as its application to N. europaea or monochloramine. Ultimately, this PMA-qPCR method will allow evaluation of monochloramine disinfection kinetics for mixed-culture bacteria in drinking water distribution systems. C1 [Wahman, David G.; Wulfeck-Kleier, Karen A.; Pressman, Jonathan G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pressman, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pressman.jonathan@epa.gov NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 17 BP 5555 EP 5562 DI 10.1128/AEM.00407-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 488JA UT WOS:000269344200017 PM 19561179 ER PT J AU Qian, ZM Lin, HM Chinchilli, VM Lehman, EB Duan, YK Craig, TJ Wilson, WE Liao, DP Lazarus, SC Bascom, R AF Qian, Zhengmin Lin, Hung-Mo Chinchilli, Vernon M. Lehman, Erik B. Duan, Yinkang Craig, Timothy J. Wilson, William E. Liao, Duanping Lazarus, Stephen C. Bascom, Rebecca TI Interaction of Ambient Air Pollution With Asthma Medication on Exhaled Nitric Oxide Among Asthmatics SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; exhaled nitric oxide; salmeterol; triamcinolone ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; INFLAMMATION; PARTICLES; ADULTS; ASSOCIATION; SEVERITY AB The interaction between ambient air pollution and asthma medication remains unclear. The authors compared airway inflammation response to air pollution among asthmatics. Increases of 10 ppb of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and of 10 mu g/m(3) of particulate matter < 10 micron in diameter (PM(10)) daily concentrations were associated with an increase in exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) of 0.13 ppb (95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.19) and of 0.07 ppb (95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.12) respectively. in models adjusted for important covariates. The results show that the medication could not counteract airway inflammation effects of air pollution. Specifically, the patients on triamcinolone decreased the sensitivity to PM(10) but increased the sensitivity to NO(2). The patients on salmeterol were more vulnerable to both NO(2) and PM(10). This study indicates that the current pollution levels may still enhance airway inflammation among patients with persistent asthma even when they are on asthma medications. C1 [Qian, Zhengmin] Geisinger Ctr Hlth Res, Danville, PA 17822 USA. [Qian, Zhengmin; Lin, Hung-Mo; Chinchilli, Vernon M.; Lehman, Erik B.; Duan, Yinkang; Liao, Duanping] Penn State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lin, Hung-Mo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Craig, Timothy J.; Bascom, Rebecca] Penn State Univ, Dept Med, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilson, William E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lazarus, Stephen C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Qian, ZM (reprint author), Geisinger Ctr Hlth Res, MC 44-00,100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. EM zqian1@geisingen.edu FU NHLBI [U 10 HL-51810, U 10 HL-51834, U 10 HL-51831, U 10 HL-51823, U 10 HL-51845, U 10 HL-51843, U10 HL-56443, M01 RR-03186]; ACRN Steering Committee; Protocol Review Committee FX This study was supported by grants U 10 HL-51810, U 10 HL-51834, U 10 HL-51831, U 10 HL-51823, U 10 HL-51845, U10 HL-51843, U10 HL-56443, and M01 RR-03186 from the NHLBI. The authors acknowledge the assistance and support from ACRN Steering Committee, Clinical coordinators and technical personnel, Data Coordinating Center personnel, and Protocol Review Committee. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 1933-8244 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD FAL PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 519MU UT WOS:000271771600006 PM 19864219 ER PT J AU Thornburg, J Rodes, CE Lawless, PA Williams, R AF Thornburg, Jonathan Rodes, Charles E. Lawless, Phillip A. Williams, Ron TI Spatial and temporal variability of outdoor coarse particulate matter mass concentrations measured with a new coarse particle sampler during the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse particulate matter; Spatial; Temporal; Sampler ID AIR-POLLUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; RESIDENTIAL OUTDOOR; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT; BALTIMORE; PM2.5; PHILADELPHIA; PERFORMANCE; MONITOR AB The Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) provided data to compare outdoor residential coarse particulate matter (PM(10-2.5)) concentrations in six different areas of Detroit with data from a central monitoring site. Daily and seasonal influences on the spatial distribution Of PM10-2.5 during Summer 2006 and Winter 2007 were investigated using data collected with the newly developed coarse particle exposure monitor (CPEM). These data allowed the representativeness of the community monitoring site to be assessed for the greater Detroit metro area. Multiple CPEMs collocated with a dichotomous sampler determined the precision and accuracy of the CPEM PM(10-2.5) and PM(2.5) data CPEM PM(2.5) concentrations agreed well with the dichotomous sampler data. The slope was 0.97 and the R was 0.91. CPEM concentrations had an average 23% negative bias and R(2) of 0.81. The directional nature of the CPEM sampling efficiency due to bluff body effects probably caused the negative CPEM concentration bias. PM(10-2.5) was observed to vary spatially and temporally across Detroit, reflecting the seasonal impact of local sources. Summer PM(10-2.5) was 5 mu g m(-3) higher in the two industrial areas near downtown than the average concentrations in other areas of Detroit. An area impacted by vehicular traffic had concentrations 8 mu g m(-3) higher than the average concentrations in other parts of Detroit in the winter due to the suspected suspension of road salt. PM(10-2.5) Pearson Correlation Coefficients between monitoring locations varied from 0.03 to 0.76. All summer PM(10-2.5) correlations were greater than 0.28 and statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Winter PM(10-2.5) correlations greater than 0.33 were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The PM(10-2.5) correlations found to be insignificant were associated with the area impacted by mobile sources during the winter. The suspected suspension of road salt from the Southfield Freeway, combined with a very stable atmosphere. caused concentrations to be greater in this area compared to other areas of Detroit. These findings indicated that PM(10-2.5), although correlated in some instances, varies sufficiently across a complex urban airshed that that a central monitoring site may not adequately represent the population's exposure to PM(10-2.5). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thornburg, Jonathan; Rodes, Charles E.; Lawless, Phillip A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Williams, Ron] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Thornburg, J (reprint author), RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jwt@rti.org FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Research and Development; CPEM [EP-05-D-065] FX The CPEM was developed by RTI International using internal research and development funds. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here using the CPEM under contract EP-05-D-065. It has not been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Randy Newsome, Jeremy Seagraves, Andrew Dart, Jeff Portzer and all the DEARS technicians of RTI International were responsible for overseeing the field data collections. The authors acknowledge the kind assistance of Ann Chevalier, Dan Ling, Craig Fitzner, Catherine Simon, and Mary Ann Heindorf of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. We are most thankful for the many DEARS participants who agreed to assist us with the collection of this important dataset. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 28 BP 4251 EP 4258 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 485BM UT WOS:000269095400001 ER PT J AU Tallent-Halsell, NG Watt, MS AF Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. Watt, Michael S. TI The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush) SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Buddleja davidii; Buddlejaceae; Butterfly Bush; Invasive Species ID NEW-ZEALAND; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLOWERING PLANTS; GROWTH; NITROGEN; CLASSIFICATION; SUCCESSION; BRITAIN; SOIL; ATTRIBUTES AB Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym. Buddleia davidii; common name butterfly bush) is a perennial, semi-deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub that is resident in gardens and disturbed areas. Since its introduction to the United Kingdom from China in the late 1800s, B. davidii has become an important component in horticulture and human culture. Despite its popularity as a landscape plant, B. davidii is considered problematic because of its ability to naturalize outside of gardens and rapidly invade and dominate disturbed natural areas across a wide range of physical conditions. The primary goal of this paper is to synthesize what is known about B. davidii in order to understand the impacts caused by the continued presence of B. davidii in gardens and natural landscapes. We also address management of B. davidii and discuss the repercussions of management strategies and policies currently implemented to protect or remove B. davidii from natural ecosystems. C1 [Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Watt, Michael S.] Scion, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Tallent-Halsell, NG (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM tallent-halsell.nita@epa.gov RI Watt, Michael/C-3813-2009 NR 138 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP 292 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s12229-009-9033-0 PG 34 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 486PR UT WOS:000269210000003 ER PT J AU Hess-Wilson, JK AF Hess-Wilson, Janet K. TI Bisphenol A may reduce the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Androgen receptor; Bisphenol A; Endocrine disrupting compound; Prostate cancer ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST-CANCER; INCREASES SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; AROMATASE INHIBITORS; XENOESTROGEN ACTION; HUMAN EXPOSURE; FOOD SIMULANT; FREQUENT LOSS; HUMAN HEALTH AB Individuals diagnosed with specific diseases may represent subpopulations with heightened sensitivity to environmental compounds. This may be due to their disease-mediated molecular milieu and/or the interference of environmental compounds with pharmaceutical drug targets. Prostate cancer represents a significant clinical challenge in the United States. If the disease becomes advanced, standard therapies are ineffective, leading to high rate of patient morbidity and mortality. Understanding the complex reasons for therapeutic resistance is critical for improving the life expectancy for patients with this cancer. Recently, it has been identified that common somatically derived genetic mutations that arise following the selective pressure of standard prostate cancer treatments may facilitate sensitivity to environmental contaminants. These somatic mutations within the androgen receptor allow the estrogen mimic, bisphenol A (BPA), to bind and activate the receptor, resulting in increased proliferation and tumor growth in the presence of the traditional therapy regimen for prostate cancer. In an in vivo xenograft model of prostate cancer, low level exposure of BPA was sufficient to reduce the efficacy of treatment. Herein, the possible effect of BPA on prostate cancer treatment and disease management for humans is explored as an example of environmental endocrine disruptor exposure reducing the efficacy of disease management. These data lend support to the hypothesis that environmental exposure to select compounds may interfere with specific therapeutic regimens. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment MS A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hess-Wilson, JK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment MS A110, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hess-wilson.janet@epa.gov NR 59 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1037 DI 10.1007/s10552-009-9337-8 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 480ZF UT WOS:000268775300001 PM 19370395 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, JR Little, SB Laws, SC Goldsmith, MR AF Rabinowitz, James R. Little, Stephen B. Laws, Susan C. Goldsmith, Michael-Rock TI Molecular Modeling for Screening Environmental Chemicals for Estrogenicity: Use of the Toxicant-Target Approach SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-LIGAND DOCKING; SCORING FUNCTIONS; BINDING-SITE; RECEPTORS ALPHA; DRUG DESIGN; IN-SILICO; PHARMACOPHORE; PREDICTION; TOXICITY; BETA AB There is a paucity of relevant experimental information available for the evaluation of the potential health and environmental effects of many man made chemicals. Knowledge of the potential pathways for activity provides a rational basis for the extrapolations inherent in the preliminary evaluation of risk and the establishment of priorities for obtaining missing data for environmental chemicals. The differential step in many mechanisms of toxicity may be generalized as the interaction between a small molecule (a potential toxicant) and one or more macromolecular targets. An approach based on (computation Of the interaction between a potential molecular toxicant and a library of macromolecular targets of toxicity has been proposed for preliminary chemical screening. In the current study. the interaction between a series of environmentally relevant chemicals and models of the rat estrogen receptors (ER) was computed and the results compared to ail experimental data set of their relative binding affinities. The experimental data set consists of 281 chemicals, selected from the U.S. EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory, that were initially screened using the rat uterine cytosolic ER-competitive binding assay. Secondary analysis, using Lineweaver-Burk plots and slope replots, was applied to confirm that only 15 of these test chemicals were true competitive inhibitors of ER binding, with experimental inhibition constants (K(i)) less than 100 mu M. Two different rapid computational docking methods have been applied. Each provides a score that is a surrogate for the strength of the interaction between each ligand-receptor pair. Using the score that indicates the strongest interaction for each pair, without consideration of the geometry of binding between the toxicant and the target, all of the active molecules were discovered in the first 16% of the chemicals. When a filter is applied oil the basis of the geometry of a simplified pharmacophore for binding to the ER, the results are improved, and all of the active molecules were discovered in the first 8% of the chemicals. In order to obtain no false negatives in the model that includes the pharmacophore filter, only 8 molecules are false positives. These results indicate that molecular docking algorithms that were designed to find the chemicals that act most strongly at a receptor (and therefore are potential pharmaceuticals) can efficiently separate weakly active chemicals from a library of primarily inactive chemicals. The advantage of using a pharmacophore filter suggests that the development of filters of this type for other receptors will prove valuable. C1 [Rabinowitz, James R.; Little, Stephen B.; Laws, Susan C.; Goldsmith, Michael-Rock] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rabinowitz, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rabinowitz.james@epa.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1594 EP 1602 DI 10.1021/tx900135x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 495LJ UT WOS:000269892600015 PM 19715353 ER PT J AU Martinez, HG Prajapati, SI Estrada, CA Jimenez, F Quinones, MP Wu, I Bahadur, A Sanderson, A Johnson, CR Shim, M Keller, C Ahuja, SS AF Martinez, Hernan G. Prajapati, Suresh I. Estrada, Carlos A. Jimenez, Fabio Quinones, Marlon P. Wu, Isabel Bahadur, Ali Sanderson, Allen Johnson, Christopher R. Shim, Minsub Keller, Charles Ahuja, Seema S. TI Microscopic Computed Tomography-Based Virtual Histology for Visualization and Morphometry of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Apolipoprotein E Mutant Mice SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID LESIONS C1 [Keller, Charles] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Keller, Charles] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Keller, Charles] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Prajapati, Suresh I.; Wu, Isabel; Bahadur, Ali; Keller, Charles] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Greehey Childrens Canc Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sanderson, Allen; Johnson, Christopher R.] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Shim, Minsub] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ahuja, Seema S.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Keller, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MC7870, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM ahuja@uthscsa.edu OI Keller, Charles/0000-0003-2505-7487 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR012553, 5P41RR012553]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR 052755, R01 AR052755, R01 AR052755-01A2] NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 120 IS 9 BP 821 EP U216 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.829531 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 489SZ UT WOS:000269444300015 PM 19720948 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Carbon dioxide recycling SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@epa.go NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD SEP PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s10098-009-0251-2 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490UB UT WOS:000269530000003 ER PT J AU Comstock, CES Augello, MA Benito, RP Karch, J Tran, TH Utama, FE Tindall, EA Wang, Y Burd, CJ Groh, EM Hoang, HN Giles, GG Severi, G Hayes, VM Henderson, BE Le Marchand, L Kolonel, LN Haiman, CA Baffa, R Gomella, LG Knudsen, ES Rui, H Henshall, SM Sutherland, RL Knudsen, KE AF Comstock, Clay E. S. Augello, Michael A. Benito, Ruth Pe Karch, Jason Tran, Thai H. Utama, Fransiscus E. Tindall, Elizabeth A. Wang, Ying Burd, Craig J. Groh, Eric M. Hoang, Hoa N. Giles, Graham G. Severi, Gianluca Hayes, Vanessa M. Henderson, Brian E. Le Marchand, Loic Kolonel, Laurence N. Haiman, Christopher A. Baffa, Raffaele Gomella, Leonard G. Knudsen, Erik S. Rui, Hallgeir Henshall, Susan M. Sutherland, Robert L. Knudsen, Karen E. TI Cyclin D1 Splice Variants: Polymorphism, Risk, and Isoform-Specific Regulation in Prostate Cancer SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; BREAST-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; GENE POLYMORPHISM; A870G POLYMORPHISM; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DEPENDENT KINASES; AA GENOTYPE AB Purpose: Alternative CCND1 splicing results in cyclin D1b, which has specialized, pro-tumorigenic functions in prostate not shared by the cyclin D1a (full length) isoform. Here, the frequency, tumor relevance, and mechanisms controlling cyclin D1b were challenged. Experimental Design: First, relative expression of both cyclin D1 isoforms was determined in prostate adenocarcinomas. Second, relevance of the androgen axis was determined. Third, minigenes were created to interrogate the role of the G/A870 polymorphism (within the splice site), and findings were validated in primary tissue. Fourth, the effect of G/A870 on cancer risk was assessed in two large case-control studies. Results: Cyclin D1b is induced in tumors, and a significant subset expressed this isoform in the absence of detectable cyclin D1a. Accordingly, the isoforms showed non-correlated expression patterns, and hormone status did not alter splicing. Whereas G/A870 was not independently predictive of cancer risk, A870 predisposed for transcript-b production in cells and in normal prostate. The influence of A870 on overall transcript-b levels was relieved in tumors, indicating that aberrations in tumorigenesis likely alter the influence of the polymorphism. Conclusions: These studies reveal that cyclin D1b is specifically elevated in prostate tumorigenesis. Cyclin D1b expression patterns are distinct from that observed with cyclin D1a. The A870 allele predisposes for transcript-b production in a context-specific manner. Although A870 does not independently predict cancer risk, tumor cells can bypass the influence of the polymorphism. These findings have major implications for the analyses of D-cyclin function in the prostate and provide the foundation for future studies directed at identifying potential modifiers of the G/A870 polymorphism. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5338-49) C1 [Knudsen, Karen E.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Dept Canc Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Baffa, Raffaele; Gomella, Leonard G.; Knudsen, Karen E.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Benito, Ruth Pe; Tindall, Elizabeth A.; Hayes, Vanessa M.; Henshall, Susan M.; Sutherland, Robert L.] St Vincents Hosp, Garvan Inst Med Res, Canc Res Program, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Henderson, Brian E.; Haiman, Christopher A.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Tindall, Elizabeth A.; Hayes, Vanessa M.] Univ New S Wales, Childrens Canc Inst Australia Med Res, Randwick, NSW, Australia. [Le Marchand, Loic; Kolonel, Laurence N.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Hoang, Hoa N.; Giles, Graham G.; Severi, Gianluca] Canc Council Victoria, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Karch, Jason; Wang, Ying; Groh, Eric M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Burd, Craig J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Knudsen, KE (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Dept Canc Biol, 233 S 10th St,BLSB 1008A, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM Karen.Knudsen@kimmelcancercenter.org OI Comstock, Clay/0000-0001-5867-1489; Burd, Craig/0000-0002-6899-6751; Giles, Graham/0000-0003-4946-9099 FU American Chemical Society [IRG114958]; NIH [CA099996]; National Health and Medical Research Council [276408]; Cancer Institute New South Wales; Australian Cancer Research Foundation; FIT Hall Trust; National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia [209057, 251533, 450104]; VicHealth; The Cancer Council Victoria; The Whitten Foundation; Tattersall's; National Cancer Institute [CA63464, CA54281]; Department of Health and Human Services [N01-PC-35139, N01-PC-35137] FX American Chemical Society grant IRG114958 (C.E.S. Comstock), NIH grant CA099996 (K.E. Knudsen), National Health and Medical Research Council grant 276408 (R.L. Sutherland), Cancer Institute New South Wales, Australian Cancer Research Foundation, and FIT Hall Trust. The Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (209057, 251533, and 450104); VicHealth; The Cancer Council Victoria; The Whitten Foundation; and Tattersall's. The Multiethnic Cohort Study was supported by the National Cancer Institute grants CA63464 and CA54281 and Department of Health and Human Services contracts N01-PC-35139 and N01-PC-35137). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 72 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 15 IS 17 BP 5338 EP 5349 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2865 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 491GF UT WOS:000269565800008 PM 19706803 ER PT J AU Jarabek, AM Pottenger, LH Andrews, LS Casciano, D Embry, MR Kim, JH Preston, RJ Reddy, MV Schoeny, R Shuker, D Skare, J Swenberg, J Williams, GM Zeiger, E AF Jarabek, Annie M. Pottenger, Lynn H. Andrews, Larry S. Casciano, Daniel Embry, Michelle R. Kim, James H. Preston, R. Julian Reddy, M. Vijayaraj Schoeny, Rita Shuker, David Skare, Julie Swenberg, James Williams, Gary M. Zeiger, Errol TI Creating context for the use of DNA adduct data in cancer risk assessment: I. Data organization SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Biomarkers; cancer; DNA adducts; mode of action; risk assessment ID DOSE-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; RAT-LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; SURROGATE END-POINTS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; SEQUENCE CONTEXT; HUMAN RELEVANCE; REACTIVE CARCINOGENS; LUNG TUMORIGENESIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB The assessment of human cancer risk from chemical exposure requires the integration of diverse types of data. Such data involve effects at the cell and tissue levels. This report focuses on the specific utility of one type of data, namely DNA adducts. Emphasis is placed on the appreciation that such DNA adduct data cannot be used in isolation in the risk assessment process but must be used in an integrated fashion with other information. As emerging technologies provide even more sensitive quantitative measurements of DNA adducts, integration that establishes links between DNA adducts and accepted outcome measures becomes critical for risk assessment. The present report proposes an organizational approach for the assessment of DNA adduct data (e.g., type of adduct, frequency, persistence, type of repair process) in concert with other relevant data, such as dosimetry, toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and tumor incidence, to inform characterization of the mode of action. DNA adducts are considered biomarkers of exposure, whereas gene mutations and chromosomal alterations are often biomarkers of early biological effects and also can be bioindicators of the carcinogenic process. C1 [Embry, Michelle R.; Kim, James H.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.; Preston, R. Julian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pottenger, Lynn H.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Andrews, Larry S.] Rohm & Haas Co, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. [Casciano, Daniel] Dan Casciano & Associates, Little Rock, AR USA. [Reddy, M. Vijayaraj] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Shuker, David] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Skare, Julie] Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Swenberg, James] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Williams, Gary M.] New York Med Coll, Dept Pathol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Zeiger, Errol] Errol Zeiger Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jkim@hesiglobal.org NR 132 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 659 EP 678 DI 10.1080/10408440903164155 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 506XG UT WOS:000270810500002 PM 19743944 ER PT J AU Blake, JA Maciolek, NJ Ota, AY Williams, IP AF Blake, James A. Maciolek, Nancy J. Ota, Allan Y. Williams, Isabelle P. TI Long-term benthic infaunal monitoring at a deep-ocean dredged material disposal site off Northern California SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Benthic Ecology and Biodiversity - A Compilation of Recent Advances held in Honor of J Frederick Grassle CY NOV 20-21, 2008 CL Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ HO Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci DE Benthic infauna; Biodiversity; Species richness; Community structure; Disposal site; Monitoring; Eastern Pacific; Deep sea ID SEA SEDIMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FOOD PATCHES; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; RECOLONIZATION; SLOPE; BASIN; DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION AB One hundred and thirty-five benthic infaunal samples were collected from the San Francisco Deep-Ocean Disposal Site (SF-DODS) over a 10-year period from January 1996 to September 2004. Each sample was 0.1 m(2), cut to a depth of 10 cm, and sieved through a 300-mu m mesh. A total of 810 species of benthic invertebrates were identified; the majority of taxa (65.4%) new to science. The fauna represents a rich lower slope infaunal assemblage that rivals similarly studied locations in the western North Atlantic. No regional impact or degradation of benthic infauna due to dredged material disposal was detected. All reference stations and stations on the site boundary maintained high species richness and diversity during the monitoring period. Exceptions included an occasional sample with anomalously high numbers of one or two species that reduced the diversity and/or equitability. Within SF-DODS species richness and diversity were often reduced. Stations within the disposal site were recolonized by the same taxa that normally occurred in adjacent reference areas. Initial colonizers of fresh dredged material included spionid and paraonid polychaetes that were typical dominants at the site. At least one polychaete species, Ophelina sp. 1, sometimes colonized dredged materials containing coarse sand. One sample at Station 13, located in the middle of SF-DODS (September 2002), contained 57 species of benthic invertebrates, suggesting that colonization of fresh dredged material is rapid. It seems unlikely that larval dispersal and settlement account for this rapid recolonization; therefore it is postulated that adult organisms from adjacent areas move to the disturbed sites via boundary layer currents. The steep continental slope adjacent to SF-DODS is subject to turbidity flows and the resident fauna are likely pre-adapted to rapidly colonize disturbed sediments. Larval dispersal, especially by spionid polychaetes such as Prionospio delta, may also be important in colonizing newly deposited sediments. Subtle year-to-year shifts in faunal assemblages were evident at stations on the boundary of SF-DODS. At these stations species richness and diversity remained high, but numerically dominant taxa differed, possibly due to changes in sediment grain size associated with the dredged material. However, some year-to-year changes appeared to be regional in nature. Large epifaunal organisms such as the elasapoid holothurian Scotoplanes globosa appeared to be locally important in modifying surficial sediments: it moves through the sediment like a bulldozer, disturbing the surface and disrupting resident infauna as it ingests sediment. Other deposit-feeding holothurians such as Ypsilothuria bitentaculata were found throughout the study area including sediments with fresh dredged material. A long, narrow-bodied tube-like agglutinated foraminiferan of the genus Bathysiphon is commonly found in sediments containing dredged material. This foraminiferan is poorly understood, but may be opportunistic on soft dredged material. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blake, James A.; Maciolek, Nancy J.; Williams, Isabelle P.] AECOM Environm, Marine & Coastal Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ota, Allan Y.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Blake, JA (reprint author), AECOM Environm, Marine & Coastal Ctr, 89 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM James.Blake@aecom.com NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 56 IS 19-20 BP 1775 EP 1803 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.021 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 504RT UT WOS:000270635700023 ER PT J AU Reimers, CE Taghon, GL Fuller, CM Boehme, SE AF Reimers, C. E. Taghon, G. L. Fuller, C. M. Boehme, S. E. TI Seasonal patterns in permeable sediment and water-column biogeochemical properties on the inner shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Benthic Ecology and Biodiversity - A Compilation of Recent Advances held in Honor of J Frederick Grassle CY NOV 20-21, 2008 CL Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ HO Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci DE Benthic-pelagic coupling; Permeable sediment; Ripples; Resuspension; LEO-15; Middle Atlantic Bight ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-FLOOR; TIME-SERIES; MATTER; SANDS; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; DIFFUSION AB This study examines the responsiveness of permeable shelf sediments to seasonal factors affecting cycles of organic matter deposition and erosion. At a site on the inner continental shelf within the Middle Atlantic Bight (39 degrees 27'N, 74 degrees 14'W; water depth 13 m), sediment inventories of chlorophyll, phaeopigments, and fine particles enriched in organic matter are reported from SCUBA diver-collected cores retrieved during six cruises conducted over 2 years. These measurements provide little evidence for substantial seasonal variation in rates of organic matter accumulation, in spite of the potential for the sinking of large phytoplankton blooms associated with summer upwelling/downwelling events, or for wave orbital motion to cause both phytodetritus and benthic algae to be trapped in sand ripples. Sediment permeability, porosity, grain size, and extracellular proteolytic activity in both coarse and fine fractions showed little seasonality. Instead, a negative correlation between chlorophyll in surface sediments and bottom-water pools (r(2) = 0.56) was observed. Furthermore, overlays of other water-column properties with results of a principal component analysis of sediment variables suggest benthic-pelagic biogeochemical cycling is forced primarily by sediment resuspension events. Wave and current observations made during this study and during previous long-term experiments in the study area show that sediment resuspension stems from bottom stresses produced by both persistent irregular wind-waves and by very intense storm waves that occur in all seasons. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reimers, C. E.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Taghon, G. L.; Fuller, C. M.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Boehme, S. E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Reimers, CE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu; taghon@marine.rutgers.edu; fuller@marine.rutgers.edu; boehme.susan@epamail.epa.gov OI Taghon, Gary/0000-0003-4374-1928 NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 56 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 1865 EP 1881 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.027 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 504RT UT WOS:000270635700032 ER PT J AU Weimer, JM Yokota, Y Stanco, A Stumpo, DJ Blackshear, PJ Anton, ES AF Weimer, Jill M. Yokota, Yukako Stanco, Amelia Stumpo, Deborah J. Blackshear, Perry J. Anton, E. S. TI MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement, proliferation and organization in the developing cerebral cortex SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Radial glia; Progenitors; Cerebral cortical development; MARCKS; Mouse; Laminar organization ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GLIAL-CELLS; NEURONAL MIGRATION; ADHERENS JUNCTIONS; ASYMMETRIC INHERITANCE; NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; NEURAL PROGENITORS; CORTICAL-NEURONS AB The radial glial cells serve as neural progenitors and as a migratory guide for newborn neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. These functions require appropriate organization and proliferation of the polarized radial glial scaffold. Here, we demonstrate in mice that the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate protein (MARCKS), a prominent cellular substrate for PKC, modulates radial glial placement and expansion. Loss of MARCKS results in ectopic collection of mitotically active radial progenitors away from the ventricular zone (VZ) in the upper cerebral wall. Apical restriction of key polarity complexes [CDC42, beta-catenin (CTNNB1), N-cadherin (CDH2), myosin IIB (MYOIIB), aPKC zeta, LGL, PAR3, pericentrin, PROM1] is lost. Furthermore, the radial glial scaffold in Marcks null cortex is compromised, with discontinuous, non-radial processes apparent throughout the cerebral wall and deformed, bulbous, unbranched end-feet at the basal ends. Further, the density of radial processes within the cerebral cortex is reduced. These deficits in radial glial development culminate in aberrant positioning of neurons and disrupted cortical lamination. Genetic rescue experiments demonstrate, surprisingly, that phosphorylation of MARCKS by PKC is not essential for the role of MARCKS in radial glial cell development. By contrast, the myristoylation domain of MARCKS needed for membrane association is essential for MARCKS function in radial glia. The membrane-associated targeting of MARCKS and the resultant polarized distribution of signaling complexes essential for apicobasal polarity may constitute a critical event in the appropriate placement, proliferation and organization of polarized radial glial scaffold in the developing cerebral cortex. C1 [Weimer, Jill M.; Yokota, Yukako; Stanco, Amelia; Anton, E. S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, UNC Neurosci Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Weimer, Jill M.; Yokota, Yukako; Stanco, Amelia; Anton, E. S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Mol Physiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Stumpo, Deborah J.; Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Anton, ES (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, UNC Neurosci Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM anton@med.unc.edu FU NIH [MH060929]; NIH-NRSA [NS056686]; NIEHS FX This work was supported by an NIH grant (MH060929) to E. S. A., an NIH-NRSA fellowship (NS056686) to J. M. W., and, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS (PB). We thank Larysa Pevny for helpful comments and Ana Vargo and Eleanor Saunders for technical assistance. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 86 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 136 IS 17 BP 2965 EP 2975 DI 10.1242/dev.036616 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 480ZG UT WOS:000268775400011 PM 19666823 ER PT J AU Mazur, CS Kenneke, JF Goldsmith, MR Brown, C AF Mazur, Christopher S. Kenneke, John F. Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Brown, Cather TI Contrasting Influence of NADPH and a NADPH-Regenerating System on the Metabolism of Carbonyl-Containing Compounds in Hepatic Microsomes SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; TRIADIMEFON; WARFARIN; ENZYMES AB Carbonyl containing xenobiotics may be susceptible to NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 (P450) and carbonyl-reduction reactions. In vitro hepatic microsome assays are routinely supplied NADPH either by direct addition of NADPH or via an NADPH-regenerating system (NRS). In contrast to oxidative P450 transformations, which occur on the periphery of a microsome vesicle, intraluminal carbonyl reduction depends on transport of cofactors across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane into the lumen. Glucose 6-phosphate, a natural cofactor and component of the NRS matrix, is readily transported across the ER membrane and facilitates intraluminal NADPH production, whereas direct addition of NADPH has limited access to the lumen. In this study, we compared the effects of direct addition of NADPH and use of an NRS on the P450-mediated transformation of propiconazole and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) carbonyl reduction of cortisone and the xenobiotic triadimefon in hepatic microsomes. Our results demonstrate that the use of NADPH rather than NRS can underestimate the kinetic rates of intraluminal carbonyl reduction, whereas P450-mediated transformations were unaffected. Therefore, in vitro depletion rates measured for a carbonyl-containing xenobiotic susceptible to both intraluminal carbonyl reduction and P450 processes may not be properly assessed with direct addition of NADPH. In addition, we used in silico predictions as follows: 1) to show that 11 beta-HSD1 carbonyl reduction was energetically more favorable than oxidative P450 transformation; and 2) to calculate chemical binding score and the distance between the carbonyl group and the hydride to be transferred by NADPH to identify other 11 beta-HSD1 substrates for which reaction kinetics may be underestimated by direct addition of NADPH. C1 [Mazur, Christopher S.; Kenneke, John F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Goldsmith, Michael-Rock] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, Cather] US EPA, Senior Serv Amer, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mazur, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mazur.chris@epa.gov NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1801 EP 1805 DI 10.1124/dmd.109.027615 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 485BT UT WOS:000269096200003 PM 19541826 ER PT J AU Reid, CE Gamble, JL AF Reid, Colleen E. Gamble, Janet L. TI Aeroallergens, Allergic Disease, and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptation SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE allergens; greenhouse effect; asthma; rhinitis; allergic; seasonal; dermatitis; atopic; prevention and control ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEYS; OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COMMON RAGWEED; L. POLLEN; METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AB Recent research has shown that there are many effects of climate change on aeroallergens and thus allergic diseases in humans. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration acts as a fertilizer for plant growth. The fertilizing effects of carbon dioxide, as well as increased temperatures from climate change, increase pollen production and the allergen content of pollen grains. In addition, higher temperatures are changing the timing and duration of the pollen season. As regional climates change, plants can move into new areas and changes in atmospheric circulation can blow pollen- and spore-containing dust to new areas, thus introducing people to allergens to which they have not been exposed previously. Climate change also influences the concentrations of airborne pollutants, which alone, and in conjunction with aeroallergens, can exacerbate asthma or other respiratory illnesses. The few epidemiological analyses of meteorological factors, aeroallergens, and allergic diseases demonstrate the pathways through which climate can exert its influence on aeroallergens and allergic diseases. In addition to the need for more research, there is the imperative to take preventive and adaptive actions to address the onset and exacerbation of allergic diseases associated with climate variability and change. C1 [Gamble, Janet L.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Reid, Colleen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gamble, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gamble.janet@epa.gov OI Reid, Colleen/0000-0001-8572-1162 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the Association of Schools of Public Health [X3-83085001, X3-83388101] FX This article was developed partially under Cooperative Agreement No. X3-83085001 and X3-83388101 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the Association of Schools of Public Health. However, the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 78 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 458 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0261-x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605LC UT WOS:000278348100017 PM 19908096 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Bingner, RL Locke, MA AF Yuan, Yongping Bingner, Ronald L. Locke, Martin A. TI A Review of effectiveness of vegetative buffers on sediment trapping in agricultural areas SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE grass buffer strips; grass hedges; riparian buffers; runoff; sediment trapping efficiency; nonpoint source pollution ID MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFER; STIFF-GRASS HEDGES; FILTER STRIPS; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; CONCENTRATED FLOW; FOREST BUFFERS; SOIL LOSS; RUNOFF; NUTRIENT AB In recent years. there has been growing recognition of the importance of riparian buffers between agricultural fields and waterbodies. Riparian buffers play an important role in mitigating the impacts of land use activities on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. However, evaluating the effectiveness of riparian buffer systems on a watershed scale is complex, and watershed models have limited capabilities for simulating riparian buffer processes. Thus, the overall objective of this paper is to develop an understanding of riparian buffer processes towards water quality modelling/monitoring and nonpoint source pollution assessment. The paper provides a thorough review of relevant literature on the performance of vegetative buffers on sediment reduction. It was found that although sediment trapping capacities are site- and vegetation-specific, and many factors influence the sediment trapping efficiency, the width of a buffer is important in filtering agricultural runoff and wider buffers tended to trap more sediment. Sediment trapping efficiency is also affected by slope, but the overall relationship is not consistent among studies. Overall, sediment trapping efficiency did not vary by vegetation type and grass buffers and forest buffers have roughly the same sediment trapping efficiency. This analysis can be used as the basis for planning future studies on watershed scale simulation of riparian buffer systems, design of effective riparian buffers for nonpoint source pollution control or water quality restoration and design of riparian buffer monitoring programs in watersheds. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Bingner, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc & Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 57 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 10 U2 86 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 321 EP 336 DI 10.1002/eco.82 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500012 ER PT J AU Hopton, ME Cameron, GN Cramer, MJ Polak, M Uetz, GW AF Hopton, Matthew E. Cameron, Guy N. Cramer, Michael J. Polak, Michal Uetz, George W. TI Live animal radiography to measure developmental instability in populations of small mammals after a natural disaster SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Fluctuating asymmetry; Peromyscus; Stress; Live animal X-ray technique; Tornado ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; SYMPATRIC PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; HURRICANE HUGO; PUERTO-RICO; P-MANICULATUS; HABITAT LOSS; BODY-SIZE AB Stress placed on individuals in a population from natural and anthropogenic disturbances can elevate developmental instability. We studied the result of a natural disaster when one-third of a forested nature preserve was destroyed by an F3 tornado. Populations of two abundant species of small mammals, Peromyscus maniculatus and P. leucopus, were monitored in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. We used an X-ray technique to measure developmental instability as indicated by fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in cranial and skeletal features of live animals. FA in femur length was higher in disturbed habitat for P. leucopus but was higher in undisturbed habitat for P. maniculatus. This difference in developmental instability mirrors differences in habitat preference between these species: P. leucopus prefers forest habitat and P. maniculatus prefers open, herbaceous habitat. These results were not explained by either food availability or body condition, both of which were higher in the disturbed habitat suggesting higher quality for this habitat. Thus, the FA response may be related to other indicators of habitat quality, e.g., vertical stratification, coarse-woody debris, or population density, which may differ between undisturbed and disturbed habitats. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hopton, Matthew E.; Cameron, Guy N.; Cramer, Michael J.; Polak, Michal; Uetz, George W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Hopton, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environments Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hopton.matthew@epa.gov RI Cramer, Michael/J-8265-2012; OI Cramer, Michael/0000-0002-4513-9650; Hopton, Matt/0000-0001-7962-6820 FU NSF [DEB-0086352] FX We thank NSF (DEB-0086352) for funding this research, R. German for providing X-ray equipment, supplies, and digitizing equipment, M. Farmer and S. Niehaus for technical advice, and C. Christopher and two anonymous reviewers for critical comments on the manuscript. Guidelines for capture, handling, and care of mammals (Gannon et al., 2007) approved by the American Society of Marnmalogists were followed. The research was conducted under animal care and use protocol 00-06-01-01 approved by the University of Cincinnati Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 883 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.010 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426YI UT WOS:000264744100007 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Fritz, KM AF Johnson, Brent R. Fritz, Ken M. TI RE: Comments from Anderson et al. on our manuscript, "Larval salamanders and channel geomorphology are indicators of hydrologic permanence in forested headwater streams", Ecological Indicators 9:150-159 SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Letter C1 [Johnson, Brent R.; Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.12.004 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426YI UT WOS:000264744100022 ER PT J AU Stolaroff, JK Weber, CL Matthews, HS AF Stolaroff, Joshuah K. Weber, Christopher L. Matthews, H. Scott TI Design issues in a mandatory greenhouse gas emissions registry for the United States SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Greenhouse gas registry; Reporting threshold; Climate policy AB On March 10, 2009, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a new rule, Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. When final, the rule would compel most large Sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to report their emissions to EPA as well as fossil fuel suppliers and vehicle engine manufacturers to report their fuel sales and engine emissions rates, respectively. We suggest a number of improvements to the rule that would enhance compatibility with expected future climate legislation and enable a broader range of policies and analysis: (I) lower the threshold for reporting to a level more consistent with expected future legislation, (2) require reporting of electricity use along with direct emissions, (3) require reporting of emissions per unit output for a small number of selected sectors, (4) include a system of identifying corporate ownership of reporting facilities, and (5) identify a path toward coverage for sectors that were left out of the proposal due to underdeveloped reporting protocols. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stolaroff, Joshuah K.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Weber, Christopher L.; Matthews, H. Scott] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Stolaroff, JK (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mailcode 5101T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM josh@rationalcontemporary.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [X3 83232801] FX This publication was developed in part under Cooperative Agreement No. X3 83232801 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Agency. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 9 BP 3463 EP 3466 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.04.028 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487OK UT WOS:000269283900018 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Lee, K King, T Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Lee, Kenneth King, Thomas Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI Evaluating Chemical Dispersant Efficacy in an Experimental Wave Tank: 2-Significant Factors Determining In Situ Oil Droplet Size Distribution SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oil spill; chemical dispersant; droplet size distribution; breaking waves; wave energy ID BREAKING WAVES; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; TURBULENCE; SEA AB Chemical dispersion is one of the most cost-effective options to remediate oil spill at open sea. Identifying significant factors that determine in situ droplet size distributions facilitates mechanistic understanding of dispersant effectiveness. In this work, in situ dispersed oil droplet size distributions were characterized during testing of chemical dispersant effectiveness of two dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000) on two oils [Medium South American ( MESA) and Alaska North Slope (ANS)] under three wave conditions (regular nonbreaking, spilling breaking, and plunging breaking waves) in an experimental wave tank. Results showed that physical dispersion generated monomodal lognormal oil droplet size distributions of larger median diameters, whereas chemical dispersion produced bi- or trimodal lognormal oil droplet size distributions of smaller median diameters over a wider range. Factorial analysis of variance ( ANOVA) followed by Tukey's paired comparison statistical data analysis indicated that the volume mean diameters of dispersed oil droplets were reduced by 36 mu m (from 122 to 86 mu m) by plunging breaking conditions. Volume mean diameters were decreased by 92 mu m (from 153 to 61 mu m) and 37 mu m (from 153 to 116 mu m), respectively, by Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000. These results are useful in optimizing operational guidelines for dispersant use, and providing input for modeling transport, fate, and biological effects of dispersed oil. C1 [Li, Zhengkai; Lee, Kenneth; King, Thomas] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM liz@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD); U. S. EPA [68-C-00-159]; NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center [NA04NOS4190063, 06-085] FX This research was funded by the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), U. S. EPA (contract No. 68-C-00-159), and NOAA/UNH Coastal Response Research Center (NOAA Grant Number: NA04NOS4190063 UNH Agreement No. 06-085). The authors thank Susan Cobanli, Rod Doane, Paul Kepkay, Xiaowei Ma, Brian Robinson, Peter Thamer, and William Yeung for their contributions and logistical support. The findings and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1407 EP 1418 DI 10.1089/ees.2008.0408 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 488OJ UT WOS:000269358900005 ER PT J AU Fang, F Quinlan, P Ye, W Barber, MK Umbach, DM Sandler, DP Kamel, F AF Fang, Fang Quinlan, Patricia Ye, Weimin Barber, Marie K. Umbach, David M. Sandler, Dale P. Kamel, Freya TI Workplace Exposures and the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; chemicals; relative risk; risk factors; workplace exposures ID MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; LEAD-EXPOSURE; N-HEXANE; ASSOCIATION; ALS; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND: Occupation has been suggested to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) etiology, but detailed information on the importance of specific workplace exposures is lacking. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the relationship between workplace exposures and the risk of ALS and to evaluate potential interactions between these exposures and smoking. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in New England between 1993 and 1996, comprising 109 cases and 253 controls who completed a structured interview covering occupations and workplace exposures. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ALS. Analyses were conducted among the entire study population and after stratification by smoking. RESULTS: We observed a higher risk of ALS for construction workers excluding supervisors (OR 2.9; 95% Cl, 1.2-7.2) and precision metal workers (OR = 3.5; 95% Cl, 1.2-10.5). Self-reported exposures to paint strippers; cutting, cooling, or lubricating oils; antifreeze or coolants; mineral or white spirits; and dry cleaning agents each appeared to be associated with a 60-90% higher risk. Specific chemicals related to a > 50% increase in risk of ALS included aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, glycols, glycol ethers, and hexane. Relative risks associated with these workplace exposures and chemicals were greater among nonsmokers and persisted in mutually adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that certain occupations and workplace exposures may be associated with increased risk of ALS. These results need to be confirmed in independent populations. C1 [Fang, Fang; Sandler, Dale P.; Kamel, Freya] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Fang, Fang; Ye, Weimin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Quinlan, Patricia] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Barber, Marie K.] WESTAT Corp, Durham, NC USA. [Umbach, David M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kamel, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kamel@niehs.nih.gov RI Ye, Weimin/A-5939-2008; OI Fang, Fang/0000-0002-3310-6456; Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES049005, Z01 ES49005-15] NR 39 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 117 IS 9 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900580 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 490EE UT WOS:000269479900026 PM 19750102 ER PT J AU La Merrill, M Kuruvilla, BS Pomp, D Birnbaum, LS Threadgill, DW AF La Merrill, Michele Kuruvilla, Bittu S. Pomp, Daniel Birnbaum, Linda S. Threadgill, David W. TI Dietary Fat Alters Body Composition, Mammary Development, and Cytochrome P450 Induction after Maternal TCDD Exposure in DBA/2J Mice with Low-Responsive Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aryl hydrocarbon receptor; fetal loss; gene-environment interactions; mouse; obesity; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) ID BONE-MARROW CYTOTOXICITY; OPERATION RANCH HAND; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; BREAST-CANCER; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GLAND MORPHOGENESIS; MEDIATED INDUCTION; SEXUAL-MATURATION; FOLLOW-UP; EXPRESSION AB BACKGROUND: Increased fat intake is associated with obesity and may make obese individuals uniquely susceptible to the effects of lipophilic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the consequences of high-fat diet (HFD) and AHR ligands on body composition, mammary development, and hepatic P450 expression. METHODS: Pregnant C57BL/6J (136) and DBA/2J (D2) dams, respectively expressing high- or low-responsive AHR, were dosed at mid-gestation with TCDD. At parturition, mice were placed on an HFD or a low-fat diet (LFD). Body fat of progeny was measured before dosing with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Fasting blood glucose was measured, and liver and mammary glands were analyzed. RESULTS: Maternal TCDD exposure resulted in reduced litter size in D2 mice and, on HFD, reduced postpartum survival in B6 mice. In D2 mice, HFD increased body mass and fat in offspring, induced precocious mammary gland development, and increased AHR expression compared with mice given an LFD. Maternal TCDD exposure increased hepatic Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression in offspring on both diets, but DMBA depressed Cyp1b1 expression only in mice fed an HFD. In D2 progeny, TCDD exposure decreased mammary terminal end bud size, and DMBA exposure decreased the number of terminal end buds. Only in D2 progeny fed HFD did perinatal TCDD increase blood glucose and the size of mammary fat pads, while decreasing both branch elongation and the number of terminal end buds. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that despite having a low-responsive AHR, D2 progeny fed a diet similar to that consumed by most people are susceptible to TCDD and DMBA exposure effects blood glucose levels, mammary differentiation, and hepatic Cyp1 expression. C1 [Threadgill, David W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Kuruvilla, Bittu S.; Pomp, Daniel; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Curriculum Toxicol,Lineberger Canc Ctr, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil,Clin Nutr Res Uni, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Kuruvilla, Bittu S.; Pomp, Daniel; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Genome Sci Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Threadgill, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, CB 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Threadgill@ncsu.edu RI Threadgill, David/N-4425-2013 OI Threadgill, David/0000-0003-3538-1635 FU National Institutes of Health [U01CA105417, U01CA134240, P30CA016086, T32ES007126, P30ES010126, R01DK56350, P30DK056350]; U.S. Department of Defense [BC050873] FX This work was supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (U01CA105417, U01CA134240, P30CA016086, T32ES007126, P30ES010126, R01DK56350, and P30DK056350) and the U.S. Department of Defense (BC050873). This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. EPA policy and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the content necessarily reflects the view and policies of the agency, nor does mention of the trade names or commercial products constitutes endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 117 IS 9 BP 1414 EP 1419 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800530 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 490EE UT WOS:000269479900031 PM 19750107 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN Park, RA Clough, JS AF Carleton, James N. Park, Richard A. Clough, Jonathan S. TI Ecosystem Modeling Applied to Nutrient Criteria Development in Rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AQUATOX; Cyanobacteria; Ecosystem model; Nutrient criteria; Periphyton; Phytoplankton; Water quality standards ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; STREAMS; LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; CYANOBACTERIA; PHOSPHORUS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; ASSEMBLAGES; BIOMASS AB Threshold concentrations for biological impairment by nutrients are difficult to quantify in lotic systems, yet States and Tribes in the United States are charged with developing water quality criteria to protect these ecosystems from excessive enrichment. The analysis described in this article explores the use of the ecosystem model AQUATOX to investigate impairment thresholds keyed to biological indexes that can be simulated. The indexes selected for this exercise include percentage cyanobacterial biomass of sestonic algae, and benthic chlorophyll a. The calibrated model was used to analyze responses of these indexes to concurrent reductions in phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended sediment in an enriched upper Midwestern river. Results suggest that the indexes would respond strongly to changes in phosphorus and suspended sediment, and less strongly to changes in nitrogen concentration. Using simulated concurrent reductions in all three water quality constituents, a total phosphorus concentration of 0.1 mg/l was identified as a threshold concentration, and therefore a hypothetical water quality criterion, for prevention of both excessive periphyton growth and sestonic cyanobacterial blooms. This kind of analysis is suggested as a way to evaluate multiple contrasting impacts of hypothetical nutrient and sediment reductions and to define nutrient criteria or target concentrations that balance multiple management objectives concurrently. C1 [Carleton, James N.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Park, Richard A.] Eco Modeling, Diamondhead, MS 39525 USA. [Clough, Jonathan S.] Warren Pinnacle Consulting Inc, Warren, VT 05674 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carleton.jim@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [68-C-01-037] FX This work was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract 68-C-01-037. We are grateful to the following people for their comments and feedback: Jim Pendergast, Sharon Frey, and (especially) Marjorie Coombs Wellman. We are grateful to Tony Donigian and Jason Love for supplying HSPF-generated influent loadings. Finally, we are indebted to Steve Heiskary for sharing MPCA's monitoring data with us, and for the heroic level of logistical assistance he provided during the site visit. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9344-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 482PN UT WOS:000268901300008 PM 19636607 ER PT J AU McGee, BL Pinkney, AE Velinsky, DJ Ashley, JTF Fisher, DJ Ferrington, LC Norberg-King, TJ AF McGee, Beth L. Pinkney, Alfred E. Velinsky, David J. Ashley, Jeffrey T. F. Fisher, Daniel J. Ferrington, Leonard C. Norberg-King, Teresa J. TI Using the Sediment Quality Triad to characterize baseline conditions in the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Anacostia River; Sediment Quality Triad; Benthic community; Toxicity identification evaluation ID AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; TUMOR PREVALENCE; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION; GUIDELINES; AREA; BIOMARKERS; MARYLAND; EXPOSURE; INDEX AB The Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) consists of complementary measures of sediment chemistry, benthic community structure, and sediment toxicity. We applied the SQT at 20 stations in the tidal portion of the Anacostia River from Bladensburg, MD to Washington, DC to establish a baseline of conditions to evaluate the effects of management actions. Sediment toxicity was assessed using 10-day survival and growth tests with the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca and the midge, Chironomus dilutus. Triplicate grabs were taken at each station for benthic community analysis and the Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) was used to interpret the data. Only one station, #92, exhibited toxicity related to sediment contamination. Sediments from this station significantly inhibited growth of both test species, had the highest concentrations of contaminants, and had a degraded benthic community, indicated by a B-IBI of less than 3. Additional sediment from this station was tested and sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures tentatively characterized organic compounds as the cause of toxicity. Overall, forty percent of the stations were classified as degraded by the B-IBI. However, qualitative and quantitative comparisons with sediment quality benchmarks indicated no clear relationship between benthic community health and contaminant concentrations. This study provides a baseline for assessing the effectiveness of management actions in the Anacostia River. C1 [McGee, Beth L.; Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Velinsky, David J.; Ashley, Jeffrey T. F.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Fisher, Daniel J.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. [Ferrington, Leonard C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Norberg-King, Teresa J.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM Fred_Pinkney@fws.gov FU Anacostia Watershed Toxics Alliance FX We thank our US Fish and Wildlife Service colleagues, Peter McGowan, Dan Murphy and Julie Thompson for assistance with the field work, and Leslie Gerlich for preparing the figures. The comments of the reviewers are greatly appreciated. Funding was provided by the Anacostia Watershed Toxics Alliance. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0462-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480ZQ UT WOS:000268776400004 PM 18677546 ER PT J AU Nash, MS Heggem, DT Ebert, D Wade, TG Hall, RK AF Nash, Maliha S. Heggem, Daniel T. Ebert, Donald Wade, Timothy G. Hall, Robert K. TI Multi-scale landscape factors influencing stream water quality in the state of Oregon SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Nutrients; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Enterococci; Grazing potential index; GPI; Logistic regression; Oregon ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; CATTLE DISTRIBUTION; NUTRIENTS; PATTERNS; PHOSPHORUS; GRASSLANDS; RANGELANDS; GRADIENTS AB Enterococci bacteria are used to indicate the presence of human and/or animal fecal materials in surface water. In addition to human influences on the quality of surface water, a cattle grazing is a widespread and persistent ecological stressor in the Western United States. Cattle may affect surface water quality directly by depositing nutrients and bacteria, and indirectly by damaging stream banks or removing vegetation cover, which may lead to increased sediment loads. This study used the State of Oregon surface water data to determine the likelihood of animal pathogen presence using enterococci and analyzed the spatial distribution and relationship of biotic (enterococci) and abiotic (nitrogen and phosphorous) surface water constituents to landscape metrics and others (e.g. human use, percent riparian cover, natural covers, grazing, etc.). We used a grazing potential index (GPI) based on proximity to water, land ownership and forage availability. Mean and variability of GPI, forage availability, stream density and length, and landscape metrics were related to enterococci and many forms of nitrogen and phosphorous in standard and logistic regression models. The GPI did not have a significant role in the models, but forage related variables had significant contribution. Urban land use within stream reach was the main driving factor when exceeding the threshold (a parts per thousand yen35 cfu/100 ml), agriculture was the driving force in elevating enterococci in sites where enterococci concentration was < 35 cfu/100 ml. Landscape metrics related to amount of agriculture, wetlands and urban all contributed to increasing nutrients in surface water but at different scales. The probability of having sites with concentrations of enterococci above the threshold was much lower in areas of natural land cover and much higher in areas with higher urban land use within 60 m of stream. A 1% increase in natural land cover was associated with a 12% decrease in the predicted odds of having a site exceeding the threshold. Opposite to natural land cover, a one unit change in each of manmade barren and urban land use led to an increase of the likelihood of exceeding the threshold by 73%, and 11%, respectively. Change in urban land use had a higher influence on the likelihood of a site exceeding the threshold than that of natural land cover. C1 [Nash, Maliha S.; Heggem, Daniel T.; Ebert, Donald] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hall, Robert K.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Nash, MS (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM nash.maliha@epa.gov; Heggem.Daniel@epa.gov; Ebert.donald@epa.gov; Wade.Timothy@epa.gov; Hall.robertk@epa.gov OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0489-x PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480ZQ UT WOS:000268776400027 PM 18758981 ER PT J AU Bouchard, D Ma, X Issacson, C AF Bouchard, Dermont Ma, Xin Issacson, Carl TI Colloidal Properties of Aqueous Fullerenes: Isoelectric Points and Aggregation Kinetics of C-60 and C-60 Derivatives SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; POROUS-MEDIA; ANIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES; CARBON NANOTUBES; SOLAR-CELLS; WATER; STABILIZATION; DISPERSIONS; COAGULATION; ACID AB Aqueous colloidal suspensions of C-60 (aqu/C-60) and the C-60 derivatives PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester) and the corresponding butyl and octyl esters, PCBB and PCBO (aqu/PCB-R, where R is an alkyl group), were produced by stirring in double deionized water for 5 months. Kinetically stable fullerene aggregates were formed using this procedure that ranged in intensity-averaged hydrodynamic diameter (D-h) from 193 +/- 2 nm (95% C.L.) for aqu/C-60 to 259 +/- 6 nm for aqu/PCBO. Measured zeta potentials (zeta) were < -50 mV, and the isoelectric points (pf) were <1.0 for all of the aqu/fullerenes. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TRDLS) was used to measure aqu/fullerene D-h change with time and as a function of background solution ionic strength. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values for the aqu/PCB-R fullerenes were significantly higher than that of aqu/C-60, indicating that the phenyl alkyl ester moieties of the aqu/PCB-R fullerenes were impeding the aggregation process. C1 [Bouchard, Dermont; Ma, Xin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Issacson, Carl] Natl Res Council Res Associate, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bouchard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bouchard.dermont@epa.gov NR 39 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6597 EP 6603 DI 10.1021/es901354r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000030 PM 19764223 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Ellington, JJ Jenkins, TM Evans, JJ Yoo, H Hafner, SC AF Washington, John W. Ellington, J. Jackson Jenkins, Thomas M. Evans, John J. Yoo, Hoon Hafner, Sarah C. TI Degradability of an Acrylate-Linked, Fluorotelomer Polymer in Soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; ALCOHOL BIODEGRADATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOOD-WEB; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPOSURE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; OPTIMIZATION; PENNSYLVANIA AB Fluorotelomer polymers are used in a broad array of products in modern societies worldwide and, if they degrade at significant rates, potentially are a significant source of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related compounds to the environment. To evaluate this possibility, we incubated an acrylate-linked fluorotelomer polymer in soil microcosms and monitored the microcosms for possible fluorotelomer (FT) and perfluorinated-compound (PFC) degradation products using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. This polymer scavenged FTs and PFCs aggressively necessitating development of a multistep extraction using two solvents. Aged microcosms accumulated more FTs and PFCs than were present in the fresh polymer indicating polymer degradation with a half-life of about 870-1400 years for our coarse-grained test polymer. Modeling indicates that more-finely grained polymers in soils might have half-lives of about 10-17 years assuming degradation is surface-mediated. In our polymer-soil microcosms, PFOA evidently was lost with a half-life as short as 130 days, possibly by polymer-catalyzed degradation. These results suggest that fluorotelomer-polymer degradation is a significant source of PFOA and other fluorinated compounds to the environment. C1 [Washington, John W.; Ellington, J. Jackson; Jenkins, Thomas M.; Evans, John J.; Yoo, Hoon; Hafner, Sarah C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM washington.john@epa.gov NR 32 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6617 EP 6623 DI 10.1021/es9002668 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000033 PM 19764226 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Schock, MR Scheckel, K AF Lytle, Darren A. Schock, Michael R. Scheckel, Kirk TI The Inhibition of Pb(IV) Oxide Formation in Chlorinated Water by Orthophosphate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAD ACID CELL; DRINKING-WATER; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CALCITE; CARBONATE; PHOSPHATE; PRECIPITATION; MONOCHLORAMINE; SOLUBILITY AB Historically, understanding lead Solubility and its control in drinking water has been based on Pb(II) chemistry. Unfortunately, there is very little information available regarding the nature of Pb(IV) oxides in finished drinking water and water distribution systems, and the conditions under which they persist. The objective of this research was to explore the impact of orthophosphate on the realistic pathways that lead to the formation of Pb(IV) oxides in chlorinated water. The results of XRD and XANES analysis showed that, in the absence of orthophosphate (DIC = 10 mg C/L, 24 degrees C, pH 7.75-8.1, 3 mg Cl(2)/L goal), Pb(IV) oxides formed with time following a transformation from the Pb(II) mineral hydrocerussite. Under the same experimental conditions, orthophosphate dosing inhibited the formation of Pb(IV) oxides. The Pb(II) mineral hydroxypyromorphite, Pb(5)(PO(4))(3)OH, was the only mineral phase identified during the entire study of over 600 days, although the presence of some chloropyromorphite, Pb(5)(PO(4))(3)Cl, could not be ruled out. The conclusions were further supported by SEM, TEM, and XANES analysis of lead colloids, and lead precipitation experiments conducted in the absence of free chlorine. The findings provide an important explanation for the absence of Pb(IV) oxides in some water systems that have used, or currently use, orthophosphate for corrosion control when otherwise, based on disinfection practices and water quality, its presence would be anticipated, as well as why the conversion from free chlorine to chloramines was not observed to increase lead release. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.; Schock, Michael R.; Scheckel, Kirk] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Brittany Almassalkhi, Bill Kaylor, and Keith Kelty for water quality and solids analysis, and Christy Muhlen from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for her assistance in operating the experimental system. We also thank Mallik Nadagouda, Jermaine Conover, and Robert Hyland with Pegasus Technical Services for editorial comments, and Kyle Hawkins with Miami University (Ohio) for technical review of the manuscript. PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6624 EP 6631 DI 10.1021/es900399m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000034 PM 19764227 ER PT J AU Ho, KT Gielazyn, ML Pelletier, MC Burgess, RM Cantwell, MC Perron, MM Serbst, JR Johnson, RL AF Ho, Kay T. Gielazyn, Michel L. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Burgess, Robert M. Cantwell, Mark C. Perron, Monique M. Serbst, Jonathan R. Johnson, Roxanne L. TI Do Toxicity Identification and Evaluation Laboratory-Based Methods Reflect Causes of Field Impairment? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CLAM MYA-ARENARIA; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; CONTAMINATED SITE; POPULATION-LEVEL AB Sediment toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods are relatively simple laboratory methods designed to identify specific toxicants or classes of toxicants in sediments; however, the question of whether the same toxicant identified in the laboratory is causing effects in the field remains unanswered. The objective of our study was to determine if laboratory TIE methods accurately reflect field effects. A TIE performed on sediments collected from the Elizabeth River (ER) in Virginia identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the major toxicants, Several lines of evidence indicated PAHs were the major toxic agents in the field, including elevated PAH concentrations in ER sediments, comet assay results from in situ caged Merceneria merceneria, and chemical analyses of exposed M. merceneria, which indicated high PAH concentrations in the bivalve tissue, Our final evidence was the response from test organisms exposed to ER sediment extracts and then ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation caused a toxic diagnostic response unique to PAHs. The aggregation of these various lines of evidence supports the conclusion that PAHs were the likely cause of effects in laboratory- and field-exposed organisms, and that laboratory-based TIE findings reflect causes of field impairment. C1 [Ho, Kay T.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Burgess, Robert M.; Cantwell, Mark C.; Serbst, Jonathan R.; Johnson, Roxanne L.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Gielazyn, Michel L.] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Waste Management Div, US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Perron, Monique M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ho.kay@epa.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6857 EP 6863 DI 10.1021/es900215x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000067 PM 19764260 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, DP Sakagami, M Warren, S Kummrow, F Umbuzeiro, GD AF de Oliveira, Danielle Palma Sakagami, Maureen Warren, Sarah Kummrow, Fabio Umbuzeiro, Gisela de Aragao TI EVALUATION OF DICLORAN'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF CRISTAIS RIVER, BRAZIL, WATER SAMPLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline (Dicloran); Cristais River; Azodyes; Salmonella/microsome assay; Aromatic amine ID DRINKING-WATER; AZO-DYES; SALMONELLA; SENSITIVITY; ASSAY AB 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline (dicloran) is a mutagenic aromatic amine used as an agricultural fungicide and in the synthesis of disperse dyes. It is a known mutagen (Salmonella/microsome assay) in strains TA98 and TA100. Dicloran was initially detected, but not quantified, in the Cristais River, Brazil. The objective of the present study was to estimate the contribution of dicloran to mutagenic activity in samples from this river. Dicloran was found in the raw water at 0.14 mu g/L but not in the treated water. Comparison of mutagenic potencies in Salmonella strain YG1041 for dicloran and the river water sample indicated that dicloran contributed less than 0.1% of total mutagenic activity. C1 [Warren, Sarah] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [de Oliveira, Danielle Palma] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anal Clin Toxicol & Bromatol, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, BR-14040903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sakagami, Maureen] Co Saneamento Basico Sao Paulo SABESP, BR-02037900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kummrow, Fabio] Univ Fed Alfenas, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, BR-37130000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil. [Umbuzeiro, Gisela de Aragao] Co Tecnol Saneamento Ambiental CETESB, Div Toxicol Genotoxicidade & Microbiol Ambiental, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Warren, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM warren.sarah@epa.gov RI Oliveira, Danielle/C-4754-2012; Umbuzeiro, Gisela/H-4603-2011; Libardoni, Bruno/P-3873-2014 OI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/0000-0002-8623-5200; FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo FX The authors thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo for funding the postdoctorate program of G. Umbuzeiro. They also thank Carlos Alberto Coimbrao, Francisco Jose Viana de Castro, and Lourival Affonso Kluppel Wanke (CETESB), and Peggy Matthews and Larry D. Claxton (U. S. EPA) for technical assistance and Gail Nelson, Rex Pegram, and George Woodall for their valuable reviews of this manuscript. The present study does not necessarily reflect the views of CETESB or the U. S. EPA, and no official endorsement should be inferred. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. EPA, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U. S. EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1881 EP 1884 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 482HT UT WOS:000268876200012 PM 19408971 ER PT J AU Olszyk, D Pfleeger, T Lee, EH Plocher, M AF Olszyk, David Pfleeger, Thomas Lee, E. Henry Plocher, Milton TI PEA (PISUM SATIVUM) SEED PRODUCTION AS AN ASSAY FOR REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DUE TO HERBICIDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Herbicide drift; Reproduction; Phytotoxicity assay ID ANNUAL BROADLEAF CROPS; SPRAY DRIFT; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; NONTARGET PLANTS; SIMULATED DRIFT; LOW RATES; CHLORSULFURON; GROWTH; YIELD; MODEL AB Even though herbicide drift can affect plant reproduction, current plant testing protocols emphasize effects on vegetative growth. In this study, we determined whether a short-growing season plant can indicate potential effects of herbicides on seed production. Pea (Pisum sativum cv. Dakota) plants were grown in mineral soil in pots under greenhouse conditions. Plants were treated with a variety of herbicides (dicamba, clopyralid, glufosinate, glyphosate, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, primisulfuron, or sulfometuron) at below standard field application rates applied at a vegetative stage of growth (similar to 14 d after emergence) or at flowering (similar to 20 d after emergence). Pea seed production was greatly reduced by sulfometuron at the minimum concentration used (0.001 X field application rate), with an effective concentration producing a 25% reduction in seed dry weight of 0.00007 X field application rate. Primisulfuron and glyphosate had a 25% reduction in seed dry weight for seed dry weight of 0.0035 and 0.0096 X field application rate, respectively. Clopyralid and dicamba reduced pea seed dry weight at a 25% reduction in seed dry weight of approximately 0.07 X field application rate. Glufosinate only reduced pea seed weight in one experiment, with a 25% reduction in seed dry weight of 0.07 and 0.008 X field application rate at vegetative growth and flowering stages, respectively. Pea seed dry weight was not affected by 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Plant developmental stage had no consistent effect on herbicide responses. Reduced seed production occurred with some herbicides (especially acetolactate synthase inhibitors), which caused little or no reduction in plant height or shoot biomass and little visible injury. Thus, pea may be a model species to indicate seed reproductive responses to herbicides, with seed production obtained by extending plant growth for usually only 7 d longer than the period usually used in the vegetative vigor test. C1 [Olszyk, David; Pfleeger, Thomas; Lee, E. Henry] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Plocher, Milton] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Olszyk, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM olszyk.david@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [68-D-01-005] FX The authors thank Henry Miller and Elizabeth Davis from the Senior Environmental Employee Program of the National Asian Pacific Center for their valuable assistance in carrying out these experiments. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract 68-D-01-005 to Dynamac Corporation. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1920 EP 1929 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 482HT UT WOS:000268876200018 PM 19413364 ER PT J AU Joy, MS Dornbrook-Lavender, K Blaisdell, J Hilliard, T Boyette, T Hu, YC Hogan, SL Candiani, C Falk, RJ Goldstein, JA AF Joy, Melanie S. Dornbrook-Lavender, Kimberly Blaisdell, Joyce Hilliard, Tandrea Boyette, Tammy Hu, Yichun Hogan, Susan L. Candiani, Corina Falk, Ronald J. Goldstein, Joyce A. TI CYP2C9 genotype and pharmacodynamic responses to losartan in patients with primary and secondary kidney diseases SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blood pressure; Chronic kidney disease; Cytochrome P450 2C9; Losartan; Proteinuria ID TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; RENAL-DISEASE; NEPHROPATHY; PHARMACOKINETICS; POLYMORPHISMS; OXIDATION; PROTEINURIA; POPULATION; VARIANTS; WARFARIN AB Losartan is used for anti-proteinuric as well as blood pressure effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 to active E-3174. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP2C9 that reduce catalytic activity could reduce clinical benefits. The study aims were to determine whether CYP2C9 variant alleles (*2 and *3) altered urinary protein excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and blood pressure in Caucasian patients prescribed losartan. Differences between baseline and 6-month follow-up outcomes were compared by CYP2C9 genotypes in 59 patients using unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Primary renal disease patients had a trend toward less favorable antiproteinuric response (-31.7 +/- 156 vs. -125 +/- 323%; p = 0.123) when carrying variant alleles. Patients with secondary renal diseases had less favorable diastolic blood pressure (9.8 +/- 16.0 vs. -3.2 +/- 10.6 mmHg; p = 0.043) and systolic blood pressure (16.2 +/- 27.1 vs. -5.5 +/- 17.5 mmHg; p = 0.044) with CYP2C9 variants. These preliminary results suggest a possible influence of CYP2C9 genotype on proteinuria and blood pressure in Caucasian CKD patients treated with losartan. C1 [Joy, Melanie S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacotherapy & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Joy, Melanie S.; Hilliard, Tandrea; Boyette, Tammy; Hu, Yichun; Hogan, Susan L.; Candiani, Corina; Falk, Ronald J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, UNC Kidney Ctr, Div Nephrol & Hypertens, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dornbrook-Lavender, Kimberly] Shire Pharmaceut, Durham, NC USA. [Blaisdell, Joyce; Goldstein, Joyce A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Human Metab Grp, Durham, NC USA. RP Joy, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacotherapy & Expt Therapeut, CB 7155,7005 Burnett Womack Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Melanie_Joy@med.unc.edu RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 FU American College of Clinical Pharmacy - Merck Cardiovascular Fellowship; NIH [5K23DK64888]; NIEHS FX This study was funded in part by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - Merck Cardiovascular Fellowship (KDL), NIH 5K23DK64888 (MSJ), and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS (J.B. and J.A.G.). NR 25 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0031-6970 J9 EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 65 IS 9 BP 947 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s00228-009-0707-7 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 486ID UT WOS:000269188700012 PM 19669737 ER PT J AU Shan, GB Surampalli, RY Tyagi, RD Zhang, TC AF Shan, Guobin Surampalli, Rao Y. Tyagi, Rajeshwar D. Zhang, Tian C. TI Nanomaterials for environmental burden reduction, waste treatment, and nonpoint source pollution control: a review SO FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN CHINA LA English DT Review DE nanomaterials; industrial; agricultural; nonpoint source pollution; environmental burden reduction ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOSCALE ZEROVALENT IRON; NITRATE AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; TOXIC METAL EMISSIONS; TEXTILE AZO-DYE; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; ORGANIC VAPORS; NANOFILTRATION-COMPLEXATION AB Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. First, environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering, emissions control, desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources, and improvement of agriculture and food systems. Second, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products, groundwater remediation, adsorption, delaying photocatalysis, and nanomembranes. Third, NPS pollution control involves controlling water pollution. Nanomaterials alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio. They are used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-sized effects. Thus, nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they reduce the amount of material needed. C1 [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. [Shan, Guobin; Tyagi, Rajeshwar D.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Zhang, Tian C.] Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Surampalli, RY (reprint author), US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. EM Surampalli.Rao@epa.gov NR 179 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 13 U2 110 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-7415 J9 FRONT ENVIRON SCI EN JI Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s11783-009-0029-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500VM UT WOS:000270333700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Zhou, WB Field, R Tafuri, A Yu, SL Jin, KL AF Zhang, Ru Zhou, Wenbin Field, Richard Tafuri, Anthony Yu, Shaw L. Jin, Keli TI Field test of best management practice pollutant removal efficiencies in Shenzhen, China SO FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN CHINA LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control; best management practices (BMPs); Xikeng Reservoir; Shenzhen; China; BMP treatment train AB This paper presents a study on the use of best management practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint pollution in the Xikeng Reservoir watershed located in Shenzhen, China. A BMP treatment train design, including a pond, a wetland, and a buffer strip placed in series was implemented at the reservoir location. A separate grass swale was also constructed at the site. Low impact development (LID) BMPs, namely a planter box and bioboxes, were used at the parking lot of the reservoir's Administration Building. Samples were collected during storm events and were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)), ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal efficiencies of both BMP systems were evaluated using the Efficiency Ratio (ER) method based on the event mean concentration (EMC) data. In summary, the pond/wetland treatment train removed 70%-90% of TSS, 20%-50% of BOD(5), and 30%-70% of TP and NH(3)-N. The swale removed 50%-90% of TSS, 30%-55% of BOD(5), -10%-35% of NH(3)-N, and 25%-70% of TP. For the planter box and biobox, the ranges of removal rates were 70%-90%, 20%-50%, and 30%-70% for TSS, BOD(5), and ammonia and phosphorus, respectively. C1 [Zhang, Ru; Zhou, Wenbin] Nanchang Univ, Key Lab Poyang Lake Ecol & Bioresource Utilizat, Nanchang 330047, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ru; Zhou, Wenbin] Nanchang Univ, Sch Environm & Chem Engn, Nanchang 330031, Peoples R China. [Field, Richard; Tafuri, Anthony] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Yu, Shaw L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Jin, Keli] Shenzhen Guanlanhe Water Div Management Dept, Shenzhen 518110, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Nanchang Univ, Key Lab Poyang Lake Ecol & Bioresource Utilizat, Nanchang 330047, Peoples R China. EM susanzhangru@hotmail.com FU US Environmental Protection Agency; National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Urban Watershed Management Branch [H00562] FX Major funding for the present study was provided by the Shenzhen Water Resources Bureau, with additional funding from the US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, and Urban Watershed Management Branch (H00562). Field monitoring and laboratory analyses were conducted by the Field Work Team headed by Mr. Yanyun Zhai. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-7415 J9 FRONT ENVIRON SCI EN JI Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 354 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s11783-009-0033-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500VM UT WOS:000270333700015 ER PT J AU Harrill, AH Watkins, PB Su, S Ross, PK Harbourt, DE Stylianou, IM Boorman, GA Russo, MW Sackler, RS Harris, SC Smith, PC Tennant, R Bogue, M Paigen, K Harris, C Contractor, T Wiltshire, T Rusyn, I Threadgill, DW AF Harrill, Alison H. Watkins, Paul B. Su, Stephen Ross, Pamela K. Harbourt, David E. Stylianou, Ioannis M. Boorman, Gary A. Russo, Mark W. Sackler, Richard S. Harris, Stephen C. Smith, Philip C. Tennant, Raymond Bogue, Molly Paigen, Kenneth Harris, Christopher Contractor, Tanupriya Wiltshire, Timothy Rusyn, Ivan Threadgill, David W. TI Mouse population-guided resequencing reveals that variants in CD44 contribute to acetaminophen-induced liver injury in humans SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; PHENOME PROJECT; PROTECTIVE ROLE; DRUG-REACTIONS; HEPATOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; GENETICS; PATHOGENESIS; ELEVATIONS; NECROSIS AB Interindividual variability in response to chemicals and drugs is a common regulatory concern. It is assumed that xenobiotic-induced adverse reactions have a strong genetic basis, but many mechanism-based investigations have not been successful in identifying susceptible individuals. While recent advances in pharmacogenetics of adverse drug reactions show promise, the small size of the populations susceptible to important adverse events limits the utility of whole-genome association studies conducted entirely in humans. We present a strategy to identify genetic polymorphisms that may underlie susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. First, in a cohort of healthy adults who received the maximum recommended dose of acetaminophen (4 g/d x 7d), we confirm that about one third of subjects develop elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase, indicative of liver injury. To identify the genetic basis for this susceptibility, a panel of 36 inbred mouse strains was used to model genetic diversity. Mice were treated with 300 mg/kg or a range of additional acetaminophen doses, and the extent of liver injury was quantified. We then employed whole-genome association analysis and targeted sequencing to determine that polymorphisms in Ly86, Cd44, Cd59a, and Capn8 correlate strongly with liver injury and demonstrated that dose-curves vary with background. Finally, we demonstrated that variation in the orthologous human gene, CD44, is associated with susceptibility to acetaminophen in two independent cohorts. Our results indicate a role for CD44 in modulation of susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. These studies demonstrate that a diverse mouse population can be used to understand and predict adverse toxicity in heterogeneous human populations through guided resequencing. C1 [Harrill, Alison H.; Ross, Pamela K.; Rusyn, Ivan; Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Watkins, Paul B.; Russo, Mark W.] Univ N Carolina, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Threadgill, David W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Harbourt, David E.; Wiltshire, Timothy] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Su, Stephen] Novartis Res Fdn, Dept Mouse Genet, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Stylianou, Ioannis M.; Bogue, Molly; Paigen, Kenneth] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Boorman, Gary A.; Tennant, Raymond] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sackler, Richard S.; Harris, Christopher; Contractor, Tanupriya] Verto Inst, Res Labs, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Harris, Christopher] Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Harris, Stephen C.] Purdue Pharma LP, Stamford, CT 06901 USA. [Harrill, Alison H.; Watkins, Paul B.] Hamner UNC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Threadgill, David W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Threadgill, DW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM threadgill@ncsu.edu RI Stylianou, Ioannis/C-6061-2012; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016; Threadgill, David/N-4425-2013 OI Threadgill, David/0000-0003-3538-1635 FU National Institutes of Health [T32-ES07126, U19-ES11391, P30-ES10126, R37-GM38149, RR00046, N01ES35513, N01-ES25497, N01-ES65406]; EPA [STARRD832720] FX We thank Blair Bradford, Oksana Kosyk, Lorraine Balletta, Cindy Lodestro, Daekee Lee, Keili Meyer, and David Malarkey for technical assistance. This work was supported, in part, by grants and contracts from the National Institutes of Health (T32-ES07126, U19-ES11391, P30-ES10126, R37-GM38149, RR00046, N01ES35513, N01-ES25497, and N01-ES65406) and the EPA(STARRD832720). NR 39 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1507 EP 1515 DI 10.1101/gr.090241.108 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490ET UT WOS:000269482200001 PM 19416960 ER PT J AU Perdivara, I Deterding, LJ Cozma, C Tomer, KB Przybylski, M AF Perdivara, Irina Deterding, Leesa J. Cozma, Claudia Tomer, Kenneth B. Przybylski, Michael TI Glycosylation profiles of epitope-specific anti-beta-amyloid antibodies revealed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A beta autoantibody; glycopeptides; glycosylation structures; immunoglobulin subclass; mass spectrometry ID DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; HUMAN FC FRAGMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; HUMAN-IGG; EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS; PRECURSOR PROTEIN; INTERACTION SITES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION AB Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of age-related neurodementia. The accumulation of beta-amyloid polypeptide (A beta) in brain is generally believed to be a key event in AD. The recent discovery of physiological beta-amyloid autoantibodies represents a promising perspective for treatment and early diagnosis of AD. The mechanisms by which natural beta-amyloid autoantibodies prevent neurodegeneration are currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the N-linked glycosylation of a plaque-specific, monoclonal antibody (clone 6E10) relevant for immunotherapy of AD, in comparison with the glycosylation pattern of an A beta autoantibody isolated from an IgG source. Liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the glycopeptides generated by enzymatic degradation of the antibodies reduced and alkylated heavy chains. The oligosaccharide pattern of the 6E10 antibody shows primarily core-fucosylated biantennary complex structures and, to a low extent, tri- and tetragalactosyl glycoforms, with or without terminal sialic acids. The glycans associated with the serum anti-A beta autoantibodies are of the complex, biantennary-type, fucosylated at the first N-acetyl glucosamine residue of the trimannosyl chitobiose core and contain zero to two galactose residues, and zero to one terminal sialic acid, with or without bisecting N-acetyl glucosamine. Glycosylation analysis of the A beta-autoantibody performed at the peptide level revealed all four human IgG subclasses, with IgG(1) and IgG(2) as the dominant subclasses. C1 [Perdivara, Irina; Cozma, Claudia; Przybylski, Michael] Univ Konstanz, Lab Analyt Chem & Biopolymer Struct Anal, Dept Chem, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Perdivara, Irina; Deterding, Leesa J.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Struct Biol Lab, Mass Spectrometry Grp,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Przybylski, M (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Lab Analyt Chem & Biopolymer Struct Anal, Dept Chem, D-78457 Constance, Germany. EM Michael.przybylski@uni-konstanz.de RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn; University of Konstanz, Germany FX The Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn; and the University of Konstanz, Germany. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 9 BP 958 EP 970 DI 10.1093/glycob/cwp038 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 481JU UT WOS:000268807000003 PM 19318519 ER PT J AU Moisander, PH Ochiai, M Lincoff, A AF Moisander, Pia H. Ochiai, Mari Lincoff, Andrew TI Nutrient limitation of Microcystis aeruginosa in northern California Klamath River reservoirs SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Cyanotoxin; d15N; Microcystin; Microcystis; Nitrogen; Nutrient limitation ID HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIUM MICROCYSTIS; NITROGEN-FIXING CYANOBACTERIA; APHANIZOMENON-FLOS-AQUAE; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; LAKE; GROWTH; ESTUARY; SHALLOW; BLOOM; LIGHT AB Nutrient limitations were investigated in Copco and Iron Gate Reservoirs, on the Klamath River in California, where blooms of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were first reported in 2005. Nutrient enrichment experiments conducted in situ in June and August, 2007 and 2008, determined responses in phytoplankton biomass, Microcystis abundance and microcystin concentration to additions of phosphorus and different forms of nitrogen (NH(4)(+), NO(3), and urea). Microcystis abundance was determined using quantitative PCR targeting the phycocyanin intergenic spacer cpcBA. Total phytoplankton biomass increased with additions of N both before and during Microcystis blooms, with no primary effects from P, suggesting overall N limitation for phytoplankton growth during the summer season. NH(4)(_)(+) generally produced the greatest response in phytoplankton growth, while Microcystis abundance increased in response to all forms of N. Microcystis doubling time in the in situ experiments was 1.24-1.39 days when N was not limiting growth. The results from this study suggest availability of N during the summer is a key growth-limiting factor for the initiation and maintenance of toxic Microcystis blooms in Copco and Iron Gate Reservoirs in the Klamath River. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moisander, Pia H.; Ochiai, Mari] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lincoff, Andrew] US EPA, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Moisander, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pmoisander@pmc.ucsc.edu FU Klamath Watershed Institute FX R. Franks (UCSC) is acknowledged for assistance with fluorometry and dissolved nutrient analyses, T. Peterson and D. Andreason (UCSC) for assistance with elemental analyses, M.M. Puckett and S.J. Steinberg (Humbold State University, Institute for Spatial Analysis) for the map of the study area, J. Kann (Aquatic Ecosystem Sciences, Ashland, Oregon) and A. Paytan (UCSC) for discussions, and J. Zehr (UCSC) for use of instrumentation and other facilities. Pacificorp and L. Prendergast are acknowledged for assistance in the field. Comments from two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from the Klamath Watershed Institute to P.M.[SS] NR 51 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD SEP PY 2009 VL 8 IS 6 BP 889 EP 897 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2009.04.005 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 502XS UT WOS:000270494600009 ER PT J AU Luben, TJ Messer, LC Mendola, P Carozza, SE Horel, SA Langlois, PH AF Luben, T. J. Messer, L. C. Mendola, P. Carozza, S. E. Horel, S. A. Langlois, P. H. TI Urban-rural residence and the occurrence of neural tube defects in Texas, 1999-2003 SO HEALTH & PLACE LA English DT Article DE Neural tube defects; Rural; Texas; Urban ID SPINA-BIFIDA; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; PARENTAL OCCUPATION; AGRICULTURAL WORK; WASHINGTON-STATE; FOLIC-ACID; MALFORMATIONS; RISK; EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Neural tube birth defects (NTDs) affect more than 4000 pregnancies in the US annually. The etiology of NTDs is believed to be multifactorial, but much remains unknown. We examined the pattern and magnitude of urban-rural variation in anencephaly, spina bifida Without anencephaly, and encephalocele in Texas in relation with urban-rural residence for the period 1999-2003. There was no evidence that urban-rural residence was associated with changes in the rate of anencephaly or spina bifida without anencephaly in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. In contrast, rates of encephalocele were statistically significantly higher in areas classified as suburban or more rural compared to urban areas Using four different Urban-rural residence indicators. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luben, T. J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Messer, L. C.] Univ Durham, Durham, NC USA. [Mendola, P.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Carozza, S. E.; Horel, S. A.] Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Langlois, P. H.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. RP Luben, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Luben.tom@epa.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1353-8292 J9 HEALTH PLACE JI Health Place PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 863 EP 869 DI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.02.006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 460JI UT WOS:000267183600023 ER PT J AU Cushing, JB Kopytko, N Stevenson-Molnar, N Zeman, L Stafford, S Bolte, J Bond, B Lach, D McKane, R AF Cushing, Judith B. Kopytko, Natalie Stevenson-Molnar, Nik Zeman, Lee Stafford, Susan Bolte, John Bond, Barbara Lach, Denise McKane, Robert TI Enabling the Dialogue-Scientist SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID KNOWLEDGE C1 [Cushing, Judith B.; Kopytko, Natalie; Stevenson-Molnar, Nik; Zeman, Lee] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Stafford, Susan] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bolte, John] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bond, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lach, Denise] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McKane, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cushing, JB (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. EM judyc@evergreen.edu; kopnat10@evergreen.edu; stevensn@evergreen.edu; zemanl@evergreen.edu; stafford@umn.edu; john.bolte@oregonstate.edu; barbara.bond@oregonstate.edu; denise.lach@oregonstate.edu; mckane.bob@epa.gov RI Lach, Denise/E-1937-2013 OI Lach, Denise/0000-0002-8406-5033 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 503OL UT WOS:000270546700014 ER PT J AU Huang, WC Lin, YS Wang, CY Tsai, CC Tseng, HC Chen, CL Lu, PJ Chen, PS Qian, L Hong, JS Lin, CF AF Huang, Wei-Ching Lin, Yee-Shin Wang, Chi-Yun Tsai, Cheng-Chieh Tseng, Hsiang-Chi Chen, Chia-Ling Lu, Pei-Jung Chen, Po-See Qian, Li Hong, Jau-Shyong Lin, Chiou-Feng TI Glycogen synthase kinase-3 negatively regulates anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 for lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS/NO biosynthesis and RANTES production in microglial cells SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycogen synthase kinase-3; interleukin-10; lipopolysaccharide; microglia; nitric oxide ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR; SEVERE SEPSIS; EXPERIMENTAL ENDOTOXEMIA; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MOUSE MACROPHAGES; SEPTIC SHOCK; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO AB P>The inflammatory effects of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) have been identified; however, the potential mechanism is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of GSK-3-mediated interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitor significantly blocked LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in BV2 murine microglial cells and primary rat microglia-enriched cultures. Using an antibody array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that GSK-3-inhibitor treatment blocked LPS-induced upregulation of regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and increased IL-10 expression. The time kinetics and dose-response relations were confirmed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed changes on the messenger RNA level as well. Inhibiting GSK-3 using short-interference RNA, and transfecting cells with dominant-negative GSK-3 beta, blocked LPS-elicited NO and RANTES expression but increased IL-10 expression. In contrast, GSK-3 beta overexpression upregulated NO and RANTES but downregulated IL-10 in LPS-stimulated cells. Treating cells with anti-IL-10 neutralizing antibodies to prevent GSK-3 from downregulating NO and RANTES showed that the anti-inflammatory effects are, at least in part, IL-10-dependent. The involvement of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B that positively regulated IL-10 was demonstrated. Furthermore, inhibiting GSK-3 increased the nuclear translocation of transcription factors, that all important for IL-10 expression, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beat (C/EBP beta), C/EBP delta, cAMP response binding element protein and NF-kappa B. Taken together, these findings reveal that LPS induces iNOS/NO biosynthesis and RANTES production through a mechanism involving GSK-3-mediated IL-10 downregulation. C1 [Huang, Wei-Ching; Wang, Chi-Yun; Tsai, Cheng-Chieh; Tseng, Hsiang-Chi; Lu, Pei-Jung; Lin, Chiou-Feng] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Clin Med, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Huang, Wei-Ching; Lin, Yee-Shin; Wang, Chi-Yun; Tsai, Cheng-Chieh; Chen, Chia-Ling; Chen, Po-See; Lin, Chiou-Feng] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Basic Med Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Huang, Wei-Ching; Lin, Yee-Shin; Chen, Chia-Ling; Lin, Chiou-Feng] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Lin, Yee-Shin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Gene Regulat & Signal Transdut Res, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Chen, Po-See] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Qian, Li] Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Qian, Li; Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lin, CF (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Clin Med, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM cflin@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC 96-2320-B-006-013, 96-2320-B-006-018-MY3]; Taiwan Government; National Cheng Kung University C020, Taiwan FX The authors acknowledge the editorial assistance of Bill Franke. This study was supported by grants NSC 96-2320-B-006-013 and 96-2320-B-006-018-MY3 from the National Science Council, Taiwan, and by funds from a Taiwan Government programme promoting academic excellence and the development of world-class research centres, and the Landmark Project of National Cheng Kung University C020, Taiwan. NR 63 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1 BP e275 EP e286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02959.x PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 480AM UT WOS:000268703800012 PM 19175796 ER PT J AU Yap, J Toh, ZA Goh, V Ng, LC Vesper, S AF Yap, Jennifer Toh, Zhen Ann Goh, Vivien Ng, Lee Chen Vesper, Stephen TI Assessment of mold concentrations in Singapore shopping centers using mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) analysis SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mold; Shopping centers; Singapore; MSQPCR ID RELATIVE MOLDINESS INDEX; HOMES; ASSOCIATIONS; DAMPNESS; CHILDREN; TROPICS AB Molds can pose a human health threat and may amplify in buildings in humid climates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mold growth in Singapore shopping centers based on the collection of 40 dust samples from 15 shopping centers, including one with a history of water damage. The dust was analyzed by a DNA-based technology called mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR). In a water-damaged shopping center, most of the 26 water-damage indicator species were detected at some concentration and many were much more abundant than the average in the shopping centers. MSQPCR is a useful method for quantifying indoor molds in tropical climates. C1 [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Yap, Jennifer; Toh, Zhen Ann; Goh, Vivien; Ng, Lee Chen] NEA, Environm Hlth Inst, Singapore, Singapore. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR); Environmental Innovation Funds (EIF) FX This research was supported by the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), Environmental Innovation Funds (EIF). NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0046-8991 J9 INDIAN J MICROBIOL JI Indian J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 290 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s12088-009-0027-8 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 495WZ UT WOS:000269927400016 PM 23100784 ER PT J AU Flippin, JL Hedge, JM DeVito, MJ LeBlanc, GA Crofton, KM AF Flippin, J. L. Hedge, J. M. DeVito, M. J. LeBlanc, G. A. Crofton, K. M. TI Predictive Modeling of a Mixture of Thyroid Hormone Disrupting Chemicals That Affect Production and Clearance of Thyroxine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid hormone disruption; mixture modeling; pronamide; mancozeb; thiram; polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; MALE-RATS; IN-VITRO; GLAND; PEROXIDASE; ETHYLENETHIOUREA; PERCHLORATE AB Thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting compounds interfere with both thyroidal and extrathyroidal mechanisms to decrease circulating thyroxine (T(4)). This research tested the hypothesis that serum T(4) concentrations of rodents exposed to a mixture of both TH synthesis inhibitors (pesticides) and stimulators of T(4) clearance in the liver (polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PHAHs) could be best predicted by an integrated addition model. Female Long-Evans rats, 23 days of age, were dosed with dilutions of a mixture of 18 PHAHs (2 dioxins, 4 dibenzofurans, and 12 PCBs, including dioxin-like and non-dioxin like PCBs) and a mixture of 3 pesticides (thiram, pronamide, and mancozeb) for four consecutive days. Serum was collected 24 hours after the last exposure and T(4) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Animals exposed to the highest dose of the mixture experienced a 45% decrease in serum T(4). Three additivity model predictions ( dose addition, effect addition, and integrated addition) were generated based on single chemical data, and the results were compared. Effect addition overestimated the effect produced by the combination of all 21 chemicals. The results of the dose- and integrated-addition models were similar, and both provided better predictions than the effect-addition model. These results support the use of dose- and integrated additivity models in predicting the effects of complex mixtures. C1 [Hedge, J. M.; DeVito, M. J.; Crofton, K. M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Flippin, J. L.; LeBlanc, G. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 70 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 368 EP 381 DI 10.1177/1091581809341883 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 504RU UT WOS:000270635800004 PM 19815844 ER PT J AU Hedge, JM DeVito, MJ Crofton, KM AF Hedge, J. M. DeVito, M. J. Crofton, K. M. TI In Vivo Acute Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Effects on Free and Total Thyroxine in Rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptors; free thyroxine; polychlorinated biphenyls; thyroid hormones; total thyroxine ID THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; BINDING GLOBULIN; TRANSPORT PROTEIN; AROCLOR 1254; ADULT-RATS; X RECEPTOR; TRANSTHYRETIN; INDUCTION AB Hypothyroxinemia in rats has been well documented as a result of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs). Hypothetical mechanisms include induction of hepatic catabolic enzymes and cellular hormone transporters, and/or interference with plasma transport proteins. We hypothesized that if thyroxine displacement from transport proteins by PCBs occurs in vivo, it would result in increased free thyroxine (FT4). This study investigates the effects of a single oral dose of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153 at 60 mg/kg) or 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl ( PCB 169 at 1 mg/kg) on rats at 28 or 76 days of age. Total thyroxine (TT4) and FT4 were measured at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, or 48 hours post-dosing. Microsomal ethoxy- and pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD and PROD) activity and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT) activity were determined. No significant increase in TT4 or FT4 concentrations was seen at any time point. PCB 153 significantly decreased TT4 and FT4 in young and adult rats, with young rats showing a time-by-treatment interaction from 2 to 48 hours post-dosing in serum FT4. With PCB 169 exposure, young rats showed a decrease in FT4 only, whereas adult rats showed decreases in TT4 only. Hepatic EROD and PROD activities were both dramatically increased following PCB 169 and 153, respectively. Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase activity was increased only after PCB 169 exposure. These data demonstrate that neither PCB 153 nor PCB169 increased FT4, which supports the conclusion that these PCBs do not displace thyroxine from serum TTR, or if it does occur, there is no subsequent increase in serum FT4 in vivo. C1 [Hedge, J. M.; DeVito, M. J.; Crofton, K. M.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hedge, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hedge.joan@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1177/1091581809344631 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 504RU UT WOS:000270635800005 PM 19815845 ER PT J AU Gergen, PJ Arbes, SJ Calatroni, A Mitchell, HE Zeldin, DC AF Gergen, Peter J. Arbes, Samuel J., Jr. Calatroni, Agustin Mitchell, Herman E. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Total IgE levels and asthma prevalence in the US population: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asthma; prevalence; IgE; total; specific; atopy; nonatopic ID SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; SKIN-TEST REACTIVITY; BIRTH COHORT; ALLERGEN SENSITIZATION; NONALLERGIC ASTHMA; RISK-FACTORS; AGE; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; SMOKING AB Background: The inability to measure IgE-based sensitivity to all allergens has limited our understanding of what portion of asthma is related to IgE. Total IgE measurement can potentially overcome this limitation. Objective: We sought to determine the association between total IgE levels and asthma. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 examined a representative sample of the US population 6 years of age and older. Results: The median total IgE level was 40.8 kU/L (interquartile range, 15.5-114 kU/L). Total IgE levels varied with age, sex, race/ethnicity, serum cotinine level, body size, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of current asthma was 8.8%. The prevalence of atopy was 42.5%, as defined by 15 specific IgEs. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for asthma with a 10-fold increase in total IgE level was 2.18 (95% CI, 1.66-2.87). Total IgE level predicted asthma only among atopic subjects (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.62-3.60) and not among nonatopic subjects (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.72-1.71; interaction P = .005). Among atopic subjects, the association between total IgE level and asthma became stronger as the number of positive specific IgE test results increased. Asthma was present at even the lowest levels of total IgE, regardless of atopic status. Approximately 92% of atopic subjects were identified by 6 specific IgEs, but to increase the identification to more than 99% required 11 specific IgEs. Conclusion: Total IgE levels are associated with asthma only among persons who have positive results for at least 1 allergen-specific IgE. Asthma independent of IgE is not uncommon in the US population. The complete identification of atopic subjects in a population requires a large panel of allergen-specific IgEs. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:447-53.) C1 [Gergen, Peter J.] NIAID, Asthma Allergy & Inflammat Branch, Div Allergy Immunol & Transplantat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Arbes, Samuel J., Jr.; Calatroni, Agustin; Mitchell, Herman E.] Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gergen, PJ (reprint author), NIAID, Asthma Allergy & Inflammat Branch, Div Allergy Immunol & Transplantat, NIH, 6610 Rockledge Dr,Room 3067, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pgergen@niaid.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES025041-10]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [N01-AI-25482] FX Supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES025041-10), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under contract number N01-AI-25482. NR 34 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.011 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 552TG UT WOS:000274315900008 PM 19647861 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Pines, RM Hamilton, MA AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Pines, Rebecca M. Hamilton, Martin A. TI Improving the AOAC Use-Dilution Method by Establishing a Minimum Log Density Value for Test Microbes on Inoculated Carriers SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PENICYLINDERS; DISINFECTANTS AB The AOAC Use-Dilution methods, 955.14 (Salmonella enterica), 955.15 (Staphylococcus aureus), and 964.02 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), are used to measure the efficacy of disinfectants on hard inanimate surfaces. The methods do not provide procedures to assess log density of the test microbe on inoculated penicylinders (carrier counts). Without a method to measure and monitor carrier counts, the associated efficacy data may not be reliable and repeatable. This report provides a standardized procedure to address this method deficiency. Based on carrier count data collected by four laboratories over an 8 year period, a minimum log density value is proposed to qualify the test results. Carrier count data were collected concurrently with 242 Use-Dilution tests. The tests were conducted on products bearing claims against R aeruginosa and S. aureus with and without an organic soil load (OSL) added to the inoculum (as specified on the product label claim). Six carriers were assayed per test for a total of 1452 carriers. All 242 mean log densities were at least 6.0 (geometric mean of 1.0 x 10(6) CFU/carrier). The mean log densities did not exceed 7.5 (geometric mean of 3.2 x 10(7) CFU/carrier). For all microbes and OSL treatments, the mean log density (+/-SEM) was 6.7 (+/-0.07) per carrier (a geometric mean of 5.39 x 106 CFU/carrier). The mean log density for six carriers per test showed good repeatability (0.29) and reproducibility (0.32). A minimum mean log density of 6.0 is proposed as a validity requirement for S. aureus and P aeruginosa. The minimum level provides for the potential inherent variability that may be experienced by a wide range of laboratories and the slight effect due to the addition of an OSL. A follow-up report is planned to present data to support the carrier count procedure and carrier counts for S. enterica. C1 [Tomasino, Stephen F.; Pines, Rebecca M.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Hamilton, Martin A.] Big Sky Stat Analysts, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM tomasino.stephen@epa.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1540 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 510SH UT WOS:000271111200030 PM 19916390 ER PT J AU Hayes, SL Waltmann, M Donohue, M Lye, DJ Vesper, SJ AF Hayes, S. L. Waltmann, M. Donohue, M. Lye, D. J. Vesper, S. J. TI Predicting virulence of Aeromonas isolates based on changes in transcription of c-jun and c-fos in human tissue culture cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas; c-jun; c-fos; gene expression; virulence ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL; INFECTION; WATER; APOPTOSIS; DIARRHEA AB Aims: To screen for the virulence potential of Aeromonas isolates based on the change in regulation of c-jun and c-fos in the human intestinal tissue culture cell line Caco-2. Methods and Results: Aeromonas cells were added to Caco-2 cells at a ratio of approx. 1 : 1. After 1-, 2- and 3-h incubation at 37 degrees C, mRNA was extracted from the cells and gene expression of two host genes, c-jun and c-fos, quantified. Aeromonas isolates which were pathogenic in the neonatal mouse model demonstrated up-regulation of c-jun and c-fos compared to avirulent isolates. Conclusions: Human cell culture results showed that c-jun and c-fos were predictive of Aeromonas virulence. Significance and Impact of the Study: An Aeromonas relative virulence scale is proposed for use in the testing of Aeromonas drinking water isolates. C1 [Donohue, M.; Lye, D. J.; Vesper, S. J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hayes, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Waltmann, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biopathol, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 964 EP 969 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04276.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 481ZY UT WOS:000268854000027 PM 19320953 ER PT J AU Tsai, TT Kao, CM Surampalli, RY Chien, HY AF Tsai, T. T. Kao, C. M. Surampalli, Rao Y. Chien, H. Y. TI Enhanced Bioremediation of Fuel-Oil Contaminated Soils: Laboratory Feasibility Study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WATER SYSTEMS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIESEL-OIL; CRUDE-OIL; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION AB In this study, microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of (1) nutrients, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and cane molasses addition; (2) soil washing by biodegradable surfactant [Simple Green (SG)]; and (3) soil pretreatment by Fenton-like oxidation on the bioremediation of fuel-oil contaminated soils. The dominant native microorganisms in the fuel-oil contaminated soils after each treatment process were determined via polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and nucleotide sequence analysis. Results show that approximately 32 and 56% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (initial concentration of 5,000 mg kg(-1)) were observed in microcosms with the addition of nutrient and cane molasses (1,000 mg L(-1)), respectively, compared to only 9% of TPH removal in live control microcosms under intrinsic conditions (without amendment) after 120 days of incubation. Addition of cane molasses would cause the increase in microbial population and thus enhance the TPH degradation rate. Results also show that approximately 61% of TPH removal was observed in microcosms with the addition of H(2)O(2)(100 mg L(-1)) and nutrient after 120 days of incubation. This indicates that the addition of low concentration of H(2)O(2)(100 mg L(-1)) would cause the desorption of TPH from soil particles and increase the dissolved oxygen and subsequent bioremediation efficiency in microcosms. Approximately 95 and 69% of TPH removal were observed in microcosms with SG (100 mg L(-1)) and higher dose of H(2)O(2)(900 mg L(-1)) addition, respectively. Moreover, significant increases in microbial populations were observed and two TPH biodegraders (Pseudomonas sp. and Shewanella sp.) might exist in microcosms with SG or H(2)O(2) addition. This indicates that the commonly used soil remedial techniques, biodegradable surfactant flushing, and Fenton-like oxidation would improve the TPH removal efficiency and would not cause adverse effects on the following bioremediation process. C1 [Kao, C. M.; Chien, H. Y.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Kao, CM (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. EM jkao@mail.nsysu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan FX This project was funded in part by National Science Council of Taiwan. Additional thanks to the personnel of Guan Cheng Environment Technology Protection Co., Ltd., Taiwan for the assistance and support throughout this project. The views or opinions expressed in this article are those of the writers and should not be construed as opinions of the U. S. EPA. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 22 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2009 VL 135 IS 9 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000049 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484QG UT WOS:000269061300014 ER PT J AU Bakke, B De Roos, AJ Barr, DB Stewart, PA Blair, A Freeman, LB Lynch, CF Allen, RH Alavanja, MCR Vermeulen, R AF Bakke, Berit De Roos, Anneclaire J. Barr, Dana B. Stewart, Patricia A. Blair, Aaron Freeman, Laura Beane Lynch, Charles F. Allen, Ruth H. Alavanja, Michael C. R. Vermeulen, Roel TI Exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; pesticide exposure; urine; farmers; prospective studies ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; METABOLITES AB The aim was to develop quantitative estimates of farmers' pesticide exposure to atrazine and to provide an overview of background levels of selected nonpersistent pesticides among corn farmers in a longitudinal molecular epidemiologic study. The study population consisted of 30 Agricultural Health Study farmers from Iowa and 10 non-farming controls. Farmers completed daily and weekly diaries from March to November in 2002 and 2003 on pesticide use and other exposure determinants. Urine samples were collected at 10 time points relative to atrazine application and other farming activities. Pesticide exposure was assessed using urinary metabolites and diaries. The analytical limit of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.1 and 0.2 mu g/l for all pesticide analytes except for isazaphos (1.5 mu g/l) and diazinon (0.7 mu g/l). Farmers had higher geometric mean urinary atrazine mercapturate (AZM) values than controls during planting (1.1 vs < LOD mu g/g creatinine; P < 0.05). AZM levels among farmers were significantly related to the amount of atrazine applied (P = 0.015). Interestingly, farmers had a larger proportion of samples above the LOD than controls even after exclusion of observations with an atrazine application within 7 days before urine collection (38% vs 6%, P < 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed for 2,4-D and acetochlor (92% vs 47%, P < 0.0001 and 45% vs 4%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Urinary AZM levels in farmers were largely driven by recent application of atrazine. Therefore, the amount of atrazine applied is likely to provide valid surrogates of atrazine exposure in epidemiologic studies. Elevated background levels of non-persistent pesticides, especially 2,4-D, indicate importance in epidemiologic studies of capturing pesticide exposures that might not be directly related to the actual application. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 544-554; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.53; published online 3 December 2008 C1 [Bakke, Berit; Stewart, Patricia A.; Blair, Aaron; Freeman, Laura Beane; Alavanja, Michael C. R.; Vermeulen, Roel] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Bakke, Berit] Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Allen, Ruth H.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Vermeulen, Roel] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Vermeulen, Roel] Utrecht Med Ctr, Julius Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,Bldg EPS 8000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Vermeulen, Roel/F-8037-2011; Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015 OI Vermeulen, Roel/0000-0003-4082-8163; Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124 FU National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; Environmental Protection Agency, USA FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute and funding from the Environmental Protection Agency, USA. We thank Cynthia J Hines (National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety), Jane Hoppin (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), and Kent Thomas (US Environmental Protection Agency), for useful comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 544 EP 554 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.53 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 484VI UT WOS:000269076100003 PM 19052531 ER PT J AU Frazier, EL McCurdy, T Williams, R Linn, WS George, BJ AF Frazier, Emma L. McCurdy, Thomas Williams, Ron Linn, William S. George, Barbara Jane TI Intra- and inter-individual variability in location data for two US health-compromised elderly cohorts SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elderly; gender; locations; time use ID MATTER EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; OUTDOOR; INDOOR; MODELS AB This study provides descriptive statistical data on daily time spent in three locations of exposure assessment interest for two panel studies of health-compromised elderly individuals > 65-year-old having multiple days of human activity data. The panel studies include individuals living in Los Angeles (CA) and Baltimore (MD) in various housing types. Three general locations are evaluated: outdoors, in vehicles, and total indoors. Of particular interest is providing information regarding the within-and between-individual variability in the time use data for the three locations. The data are analyzed using non-parametric statistics and alternative statistical models. Within and between variability are evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); daily "lag-one'' autocorrelation coefficients are also provided for the two samples. There were significant gender differences for selected seasonal and/or day-of-the-week metrics for: (1) outdoor time in Los Angeles, but not in Baltimore, and (2) in-vehicle time in both areas. Elderly women spent more time in these locations than similarly aged men. The ICC statistic indicates that most of the variability in the time spent in the three locations is due to intraindividual variability rather than to inter-individual variability. The results indicate that US Environmental Protection Agency should consider gender, day-of-the-week, and time-of-day data in its exposure modeling of daily activities undertaken by the health-compromised elderly population. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 580-592; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.47; published online 27 August 2008 C1 [McCurdy, Thomas; Williams, Ron; George, Barbara Jane] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27712 USA. [Frazier, Emma L.] Morehouse Coll, Div Sci & Math, Atlanta, GA USA. [Linn, William S.] Univ So Calif, Rancho Los Amigos Med Ctr, Environm Hlth Serv, Downey, CA 90242 USA. RP McCurdy, T (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD 205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27712 USA. EM mccurdy.thomas@epa.gov FU US. Environmental Protection Agency's Washington D.C.; Office of Research and Development (ORD); Electrical Power Research Institute [WO-3215] FX This research was supported by a grant to Dr. Frazier through the NAFEO (National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education) Program funded by the US. Environmental Protection Agency's Washington D.C. Office of Research and Development (ORD). Troy Rutkofske of ORD's Integrated Services Staff and Rachel Cooke of NAFEO expedited the grant, and we thank them for their assistance. We also greatly appreciate the assistance of Dr. Graham Glen and Dr. Luther Smith of Alion Scientific in Durham NC for the Baltimore data from CHAD. The research reported by Linn et al. (1999) was supported by the Electrical Power Research Institute (grant no. WO-3215). This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names, commercial products, and organizations does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank the Journal's two peer-reviewers for their thorough reading of the paper; we made many changes in the paper based on their comments and suggestions. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 580 EP 592 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.47 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 484VI UT WOS:000269076100006 PM 18728694 ER PT J AU Forssen, UM Wright, JM Herring, AH Savitz, DA Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Murphy, PA AF Forssen, Ulla M. Wright, J. Michael Herring, Amy H. Savitz, David A. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Murphy, Patricia A. TI Variability and predictors of changes in water use during pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drinking water; exposure assessment; pregnant women; water consumption; disinfection by-products ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; TAP WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; CONTAMINANTS; CONSUMPTION; OUTCOMES; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION AB Disinfection by-products in tap water have been found in some studies to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but little is known about how water use and consumption might change during early pregnancy. Estimating water-related activities only at one time during pregnancy could easily lead to exposure misclassification. To evaluate changes in water use among pregnant women, we used data from a large epidemiologic study in which 1990 women were interviewed around 9 and 20 weeks' gestation. The water variables that were examined included ingestion of cold and hot tap water as well as of bottled water, showering and bathing. Changes were detected between early and mid-pregnancy for ingested cold tap water and showering. Thirty-three percent of the subjects changed cold-water ingestion by >= 1.0 liters/day and 44% changed their time showering by >= 35 min per week during this period. Increases in cold tap water intake were associated with age > 35 years, income < $40,000, and non-Hispanic white ethnicity. We also found that the proportion of the total variation due to within-subject variability was 62% for hot tap water ingestion but only 35% for showering and similar to 50% for cold tap water, bottled water and bathing. Limited resources in epidemiologic studies often require a decision between collecting data for a large number of people or collecting multiple measurements for a smaller number of people. The results in this study will be useful to researchers who need to determine where to invest their effort when assessing water-related exposures and should help in evaluation of previously performed studies. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 593-602; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.59; published online 1 October 2008 C1 [Forssen, Ulla M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Forssen, Ulla M.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Dept Epidemiol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Wright, J. Michael; Murphy, Patricia A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Savitz, David A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Forssen, UM (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline, Worldwide Epidemiol, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. EM ulla.m.forssen@gsk.com RI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017 OI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981 FU Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research [2004-1546]; Cooperative Agreement [CR82455-01-0]; University of North Carolina; US Environmental Protection Agency; AWWARF [2579/2666/2741] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (Grant no. 2004-1546), a Cooperative Agreement (no. CR82455-01-0) between the University of North Carolina and US Environmental Protection Agency, and AWWARF contract No. 2579/2666/2741. We thank Yanfang Jiang, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina for skillful programming. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 593 EP 602 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.59 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 484VI UT WOS:000269076100007 PM 18830235 ER PT J AU Jeremiason, JD Kanne, LA Lacoe, TA Hulting, M Simcik, MF AF Jeremiason, Jeffrey D. Kanne, Linda A. Lacoe, Tara A. Hulting, Melissa Simcik, Matt F. TI A comparison of mercury cycling in Lakes Michigan and Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Methylmercury; Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Air-water exchange ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; MASS-BALANCE; SEDIMENTS; WATER; DEPOSITION AB Mercury cycling in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan was evaluated based on measurements of mercury levels, modeling of evasional fluxes, and development of first-order mass balance models. Total mercury, methylmercury, and dissolved gaseous mercury were measured on sampling cruises in Lake Michigan (2005) and Lake Superior (2006). Average total mercury concentrations in unfiltered surface water were higher in Lake Michigan (420 +/- 40 pg/L) compared to Lake Superior (210 +/- 20 pg/L). Methylmercury levels were below the detection limit in Lake Michigan. Larger sample volumes were collected to lower detection limits in Lake Superior in 2006 and methylmercury levels averaged 7 +/- 6 pg/L. Dissolved gaseous mercury concentrations were also higher in Lake Michigan (27 +/- 7 pg/L) compared to Lake Superior (14 +/- 8 pg/L). Evasional fluxes were estimated using a two-film model for air-water exchange. The annual evasional flux in Lake Michigan was determined to be similar to 380 kg/yr from Lake Michigan and similar to 160 kg/yr from Lake Superior. Total mercury burdens in each lake were estimated to be similar to 2500 kg in Superior and similar to 2100 kg in Lake Michigan demonstrating that evasional fluxes play an important role in the mass balance of each lake, particularly Lake Michigan. A simple first-order mass balance model demonstrates the importance of air-water exchange and sedimentation as primary removal processes for Hg in each lake. Uncertainties in the mass balance model are highlighted due to lack of key data, particularly in Lake Superior. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved. C1 [Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.; Kanne, Linda A.; Lacoe, Tara A.] Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. [Hulting, Melissa] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Simcik, Matt F.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jeremiason, JD (reprint author), Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. EM jjeremia@gustavus.edu; lkanne@gustavus.edu; tlacoe@gustavus.edu; hulting.melissa@epa.gov; simci001@umn.edu RI Simcik, Matt/K-9390-2015 FU Great Lakes National Program Office of the US EPA [GL965123-01] FX This research was supported by grant GL965123-01 from the Great Lakes National Program Office of the US EPA. We thank Ed Nater (University of Minnesota) and the Ohio EPA for lending us Tekran 2537s to use onboard and the captain and crew of the R/V Lake Guardian. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.06.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700002 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM Kelly, JR Miller, SE AF Yurista, Peder M. Kelly, John R. Miller, Samuel E. TI Lake Superior zooplankton biomass: Alternate estimates from a probability-based net survey and spatially extensive LOPC surveys SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Assessment; Lake Superior; Laser-OPC; Field calibration ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; RESOURCES; SAMPLES; OPC AB We conducted a probability-based net tow sampling of Lake Superior in 2006 and compared the zooplankton biomass estimate with an estimate from laser optical plankton counter (LOPC) surveys. The net survey consisted of 52 sites stratified across three depth zones (0-30, 30-150, > 150 m). The LOPC tow surveys were extensive and spatially covered much of Lake Superior (> 1300 km of towing). The LOPC was field calibrated to Lake Superior zooplankton samples collected across the years of 2004 to 2006. The volume-weighted lake-wide zooplankton biomass determined by traditional net tows to 100-m sample depth was 20.1 (+/- 7.8 SD n = 52) mg dry-weight m(-3). The estimates varied by depth zones within the lake, where nearshore (0-30 m) estimates were highest and highly variable. Net sites for the LOPC field calibration were removed to allow for LOPC validation with independent nets: the resulting net-based estimate 20.0 (+/- 9.3 SD n = 38) mg dry-weight m(-3) and LOPC lake-wide estimate 19.1 (+/- 3.3 SD) mg dry-weight m(-3) agreed well. Consistency across survey methods for lake-wide estimates suggested that LOPC survey data provides a comparable assessment tool to traditional nets for collecting zooplankton biomass data. We briefly compare our results with some observed historical patterns. Onshore-offshore trends in zooplankton biomass concentrations were similar to the last major lake-wide survey in 1973. The LOPC provided high resolution data on zooplankton biomass distribution. Using simultaneously collected in situ sensor data, the LOPC zooplankton biomass distributions over horizontal and vertical space can be modeled as a function of temperature and fluorescence. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yurista, Peder M.; Kelly, John R.; Miller, Samuel E.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Yurista, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov; kelly.johnr@epa.gov; miller.samuel@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental protection agency FX We thank Ora Johannsson of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Vi Richardson of Environment Canada for locating and providing the 1973 archived data of Watson and Wilson on Lake Superior. We thank the US Geological Survey for ship time on the R/V Kiyi and the US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office for ship time on the RIV Lake Guardian. This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental protection agency. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.03.004 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700003 ER PT J AU Raymond, B Rossmann, R AF Raymond, Brian Rossmann, Ronald TI Total and methyl mercury accumulation in 1994-1995 Lake Michigan lake trout and forage fish SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Great Lakes; Fish; Bioaccumulation; Temporal trends; Food web ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; FRESH-WATER; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; ONTARIO LAKES; BIOACCUMULATION; MARINE; TISSUE; METHYLMERCURY; PROGRAM AB As part of the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project, total and methyl mercury were determined for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and five forage fish species collected from Lake Michigan near Saugatuck, Michigan, and Port Washington, Sheboygan Reef, and Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, between 1994 and 1995. With a mean concentration of 179 ng/g wet wt., whole lake trout total mercury (Hg(T)) concentrations ranged between 27.6 and 348 ng/g wet wt. For combined sites, 1-4 yrs, 5-6 yrs, 7-11 yrs, and 12-15 yrs lake trout mean Hg(T) concentrations were 73.7, 130, 212, and 280 ng/g, respectively. Forage fish species alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), bloater (Coregonus hoyi), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) had mean Hg(T) concentrations of 63.8, 55.3, 36.7, 51.4, and 35.2 ng/g wet wt., respectively. With the exception of alewife, bloater, and slimy sculpin, all fish species contained approximately 100% methyl mercury (MeHg). Field bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were consistent with a Lake Michigan food chain that is more efficient at transferring MeHg to higher trophic levels than some inland lakes. This and other studies of lake trout from Lake Michigan document decreasing Hg(T) concentrations in lake trout from 1971 to 1985 and constant or increasing concentrations between 1985 and 2000. These observations were supported by a similar trend in Lake Michigan Hg sediment fluxes. To our knowledge, this is the most intense two year study of mercury in fish for any Great Lake or other large fresh water system and is one of the most complete studies of mercury cycling in the Lake Michigan food chain. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Raymond, Brian] Z Tech Corp, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Rossmann, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM raymond.brian@epa.gov; rossmann.ronald@epa.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 438 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.05.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700014 ER PT J AU Sokoletsky, LG Nikolaeva, OV Budak, VP Bass, LP Lunetta, RS Kuznetsov, VS Kokhanovsky, AA AF Sokoletsky, Leonid G. Nikolaeva, Olga V. Budak, Vladimir P. Bass, Leonid P. Lunetta, Ross S. Kuznetsov, Victor S. Kokhanovsky, Alexander A. TI A comparison of numerical and analytical radiative-transfer solutions for plane albedo of natural waters SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Radiative transfer; Plane albedo; Natural waters; Numerical solutions; Analytical solutions; Strongly anisotropic phase function ID APPARENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ABSORBING TURBID MEDIA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LIGHT FIELDS; OCEAN; ALGORITHMS; SKY AB Several numerical and analytical solutions of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) were compared for plane albedo in a problem of solar light reflection by sea water. The study incorporated the simplest case-a semi-infinite one-dimensional plane-parallel absorbing and scattering homogeneous layer illuminated by a monodirectional light beam. Inelastic processes (such as Raman scattering and fluorescence), polarization and air-water surface refraction-reflection effects, were not considered. Algorithms were based on the invariant imbedding method and two different variants of the discrete ordinate method (DOM). Calculations were performed using parameters across all possible ranges (single-scattering albedo omega(0) and refracted solar zenith angle theta(1)), but with a special emphasis on natural waters. All computations were made for two scattering phase functions, which included an almost isotropic Rayleigh phase function and strongly anisotropic double-peaked Fournier-Forand-Mobley phase function. Models were validated using quasi-single-scattering (QSSA) and exponential approximations, which represent the extreme cases of omega(0)-> 0 and omega(0)-> 1, respectively. All methods yielded relative differences within 1.8% for modeled natural waters. An analysis of plane albedo behavior resulted in the development of a new extended QSSA approximation, which when applied in conjunction with the extended Hapke approximation developed earlier, resulted in a maximum relative error of 2.7%. The study results demonstrated that for practical applications, the estimation of inherent optical properties from observed reflectance can best be achieved using an extended Hapke approximation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sokoletsky, Leonid G.] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nikolaeva, Olga V.; Bass, Leonid P.] Russian Acad Sci, MV Keldysh Appl Math Inst, Moscow 125047, Russia. [Budak, Vladimir P.] Tech Univ, Moscow Power Engn Inst, Moscow 111250, Russia. [Kuznetsov, Victor S.] Kurchatov Inst, Russian Sci Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. [Kokhanovsky, Alexander A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Sokoletsky, LG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sokoletsky.leonid@epa.gov RI Budak, Vladimir/G-4515-2014; Kokhanovsky, Alexander/C-6234-2016 OI Budak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4750-0160; Kokhanovsky, Alexander/0000-0001-7370-1164 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [CR-833232]; USEPA Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Advanced Monitoring Initiative (AMI) [14] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Vladimir Haltrin, John Streicher and Peter Principle for their manuscript review comments and suggestions. Also, thanks are extended to M.I. Mishchenko for providing the IIM code used in support of this research. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) funded and partially conducted the research described in this paper. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The USEPA provided funding to the National Research Council in support of this effort under Cooperative Agreement #CR-833232. Partial research funding was provided by the USEPA Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Advanced Monitoring Initiative (AMI) Grant #14. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 110 IS 13 BP 1132 EP 1146 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.03.006 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 467ER UT WOS:000267721200008 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS AF Cooper, Glinda S. TI Unraveling the Etiology of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Peering into the Preclinical Phase of Disease SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; AUTOANTIBODY POSITIVITY; RISK; PROGRESSION; POPULATION; EXPOSURES; SWEDEN C1 [Cooper, Glinda S.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] George Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW,8601-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM coope.glinda@epa.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1853 EP 1855 DI 10.3899/jrheum.090682 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 492RT UT WOS:000269677600001 PM 19738204 ER PT J AU Manale, A AF Manale, Andrew TI A conservationist's response to the subversive conservationist SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Manale, A (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 64 IS 5 BP 137A EP 138A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.5.137A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 509RT UT WOS:000271036700001 ER PT J AU Gaskill, B Gordon, CJ Pajor, EA Garner, JP AF Gaskill, B. Gordon, C. J. Pajor, E. A. Garner, J. P. TI Impact of Nesting Material on Mouse Thermoregulation and Variability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gaskill, B.; Pajor, E. A.; Garner, J. P.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gordon, C. J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 502SI UT WOS:000270480000066 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Janke, R AF Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert TI Development of a Probabilistic Timing Model for the Ingestion of Tap Water SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; EXPOSURE MODELS; HUMANS; DRINKING; IMPACTS; THIRST AB A contamination event in a water distribution system can result in adverse health impacts to individuals consuming contaminated water from the system. Assessing impacts to such consumers requires accounting for the timing of exposures of individuals to tap-water contaminants that have time-varying concentrations. Here we present a probabilistic model for the timing of ingestion of tap water that we developed for use in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment and Sensor Placement Tool, which is designed to perform consequence assessments for contamination events in water distribution systems. We also present a statistical analysis of the timing of ingestion activity using data collected by the American Time Use Survey. The results of the analysis provide the basis for our model, which accounts for individual variability in ingestion timing and provides a series of potential ingestion times for tap water. It can be combined with a model for ingestion volume to perform exposure assessments and applied in cases for which the use of characteristics typical of the United States is appropriate. C1 [Davis, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, EVS 900,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov; janke.robert@epamail.epa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under an interagency agreement. The views expressed in this paper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was sponsored by the USEPA under an interagency agreement through U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Karen Hamrick, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, provided helpful advice on the use and interpretation of the ATUS data. We acknowledge helpful comments from anonymous reviewers. All data analysis and preparation of graphics for this paper were done with R (R Development Core Team 2007). NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:5(397) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 484QM UT WOS:000269061900011 ER PT J AU Grear, JS Meyer, MW Cooley, JH Kuhn, A Piper, WH Mitro, MG Vogel, HS Taylor, KM Kenow, KP Craig, SM Nacci, DE AF Grear, Jason S. Meyer, Michael W. Cooley, John H., Jr. Kuhn, Anne Piper, Walter H. Mitro, Matthew G. Vogel, Harry S. Taylor, Kate M. Kenow, Kevin P. Craig, Stacy M. Nacci, Diane E. TI Population Growth and Demography of Common Loons in the Northern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE common loon; count-based population model; demography; density dependence; Gavia immer; matrix population model; population growth rate ID LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS; GAVIA-IMMER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NEW-ENGLAND; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; AQUATIC BIRDS; MERCURY; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL AB We used recent developments in theoretical population ecology to construct basic models of common loon (Gavia immer) demography and population dynamics. We parameterized these models using existing survival estimates and data from long-term monitoring of loon productivity and abundance. Our models include deterministic, 2-stage, density-independent matrix models, yielding population growth-rate estimates (lambda) of 0.99 and 1.01 for intensively studied populations in our Wisconsin, USA, and New Hampshire, USA, study areas, respectively. Perturbation analysis of these models indicated that estimated growth rate is extremely sensitive to adult survival, as expected for this long-lived species. Also, we examined 20 years of count data for the 2 areas and evaluated support for a set of count-based models of population growth. We detected no temporal trend in Wisconsin, which would be consistent with fluctuation around an average equilibrium state but could also result from data limitations. For New Hampshire, the model set included varying formulations of density dependence and partitioning of stochasticity that were enabled by the annual sampling resolution. The best model for New Hampshire included density regulation of population growth and, along with the demographic analyses for both areas, provided insight into the possible importance of breeding habitat availability and the abundance of nonbreeding adults. Based on these results, we recommend that conservation organizations include nonbreeder abundance in common loon monitoring efforts and that additional emphasis be placed on identifying and managing human influences on adult loon survival. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1108-1115; 2009) C1 [Grear, Jason S.; Kuhn, Anne; Nacci, Diane E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Cooley, John H., Jr.; Vogel, Harry S.; Taylor, Kate M.] Loon Preservat Comm, Moultonboro, NH 03254 USA. [Piper, Walter H.] Chapman Univ, Dept Biol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Mitro, Matthew G.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Kenow, Kevin P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Craig, Stacy M.] Northland Coll, Sigurd Olson Environm Inst, LoonWatch Program, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Grear, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM grear.jason@epa.gov OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692; Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) [(U. S. EPA STAR R82-9085] FX We thank the volunteers and biologists who participated in field studies by the New Hampshire Loon Preservation Committee, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Chapman University, and Wisconsin LoonWatch. Also, we thank J. Awkerman, T. Boucher, M. Chintala, J. Copeland, D. Evers, T. Gleason, W. Munns, and E. Weissberger for comments and discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was partially supported by a United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Science to Achieve Results cooperative agreement (U. S. EPA STAR R82-9085). This is U. S. EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution 07-108. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U. S. EPA, it has not been subjected to agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.2193/2008-093 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100010 ER PT J AU Kalaiselvan, P Vijayakumar, S Hemalatha, K Murkunde, YV Herbert, RA Wells, MY AF Kalaiselvan, Ponnusamy Vijayakumar, Subramaniyan Hemalatha, Kuppusamy Murkunde, Yogeshkumar V. Herbert, Ronald A. Wells, Monique Y. TI Mass in the lateral cervical-thoracic region in a male Wistar rat SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 [Wells, Monique Y.] Toxicol Pathol Serv Inc, Paris, France. [Herbert, Ronald A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wells, MY (reprint author), Toxicol Pathol Serv Inc, Paris, France. EM mywells@toxpath.com FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 38 IS 9 BP 288 EP 289 DI 10.1038/laban0909-288 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 517KG UT WOS:000271611700010 PM 19701177 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AJ Steevens, JA Lotufo, GR Farrar, JD Reiss, MR Kropp, RK Doi, J Bridges, TS AF Kennedy, Alan J. Steevens, Jeffery A. Lotufo, Guilherme R. Farrar, John D. Reiss, Mark R. Kropp, Roy K. Doi, Jon Bridges, Todd S. TI A comparison of acute and chronic toxicity methods for marine sediments SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment toxicity; Bioassay; Chronic; Sublethal; Amphipod; Polychaete ID AMPHIPOD LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS; ESTUARINE AMPHIPOD; FRESH-WATER; NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA; RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; QUALITY GUIDELINES; AMPELISCA-ABDITA; HYALELLA-AZTECA; TESTS; BIOASSAY AB Sediment toxicity tests are valuable tools for assessing the potential effects of contaminated sediments in dredged material evaluations because they inherently address complexity (e.g.. unknown contaminants, mixtures, bioavailability). Although there is a need to understand the chronic and sublethal impacts of contaminants, it is common to conduct only short-term lethality tests in evaluations of marine sediments. Chronic toxicity methods for marine sediments have been developed but the efficacy of these methods is less documented. In this evaluation of marine sediments collected from the New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ) Harbor, three 10-d acute toxicity test methods (Ampelisca abdita, Leptocheirus plumulosus, Americamysis bahia) and three chronic and sublethal test methods (28-d L plumulosus, 20- and 28-d Neanthes arenaceodentata) were applied by three testing laboratories. Although the N. arenaceodentata and A. bahia tests did not indicate significant toxicity for the sediments tested in this study, these methods have been reported useful in evaluating other sediments. The 10-d A. abdita, 10-d L. plumulosus and 28-d L plumulosus tests were comparable between laboratories, indicating 29-43%, 29%, and 43-71% of the tested sediments as potentially toxic. The 28-d L. plumulosus method was the only chronic toxicity test that responded to the test sediments in this study. The 28-d L plumulosus endpoint magnitudes were related to sediment chemistry and the sublethal endpoints were reduced as much or more than acute lethality endpoints. However, intra-treatment sublethal endpoint variability was greater, compromising detection of statistical significance. In this study, the chronic L plumulosus test method was less consistent among laboratories relative to acute test methods, identifying potential for toxicity in a similar number (or slightly more) NY/NJ Harbor sediments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kennedy, Alan J.; Steevens, Jeffery A.; Lotufo, Guilherme R.; Farrar, John D.; Bridges, Todd S.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, CEERD EP R, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Reiss, Mark R.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Kropp, Roy K.] Marine Sci Lab, Battelle Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Doi, Jon] Aqua Survey Inc, Flemington, NJ 08822 USA. RP Kennedy, AJ (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, CEERD EP R, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Alan.J.Kennedy@usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers New York District; US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank US Army Corps of Engineers New York District and the US Environmental Protection Agency for sponsoring this research. We thank Monte Greges, Oksana Yaremko (US ACE), Walter Berry (US EPA), and Ken Finkelstein (NOAA) and three anonymous reviewers for enhancing technical clarity. Mark Graves (US ACE) provided GIS mapping assistance. Analytical chemistry was completed by the analytical chemistry branch (Doug Taggert, Richard Karn, Anthony Bednar). We acknowledge support for the sediment collection effort by Mr. Tom Wyche (CENAN). Deb Clestreicher and Jen Chappell provided technical editing. Permission has been granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this material. The work presented in this paper has been internally reviewed by US EPA, its publication however does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 68 IS 3 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.04.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 478UV UT WOS:000268614800003 PM 19481793 ER PT J AU Bilski, PJ Risek, B Chignell, CF Schrader, WT AF Bilski, Piotr J. Risek, Boris Chignell, Colin F. Schrader, William T. TI Photocytotoxicity of the Fluorescent Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Ligand TDPQ SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; ROSE-BENGAL; CARBOSTYRIL DERIVATIVES; CATIONIC SURFACTANT; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PROTEIN DAMAGE; AGONIST; CELLS; PROSTATE AB 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridono[5,6-g]quinoline (TDPQ), a selective nonsteroidal androgen receptor (AR) ligand, is a fluorescent compound. We characterized its spectral properties in comparison with the structural precursor carbostyril 151 (C151) and with its racemic structural isomer 4-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridino[5,6-g]quinoline (ETPQ). The absorption maximum in CH(3)CN of either TDPQ or ETPQ is 400 nm whereas that of C151 is 350 nm. The fluorescence lifetimes (tau) and quantum yields (phi(f)) in CH(3)CN are typical of fluorescent dyes: TDPQ (4.2 ns, 0.8) and ETPQ (4.6 ns, 0.76). C151 showed lower tau and phi(f) of 0.2 ns and 0.02, respectively. TDPQ can function as a fluorescent label at (sub)micromolar concentrations. We detected TDPQ fluorescence in human breast tumor cells using confocal microscopy. While the fluorescence maxima of the compounds were solvent insensitive, the phi(f) for ETPQ decreased in aqueous solutions regardless of the presence of albumin or DNA. The phi(f) of TDPQ was less affected. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) photosensitization (phi(so)) by TDPQ and ETPQ was about 7% in CH(3)CN, sufficient to induce photocytotoxicity. TDPQ was photocytotoxic in AR-positive MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells but not in AR-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination of AR selectivity with photocytotoxicity makes TDPQ a promising candidate for selective targeting of AR-positive cells during photodynamic therapy. C1 [Bilski, Piotr J.; Chignell, Colin F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Risek, Boris; Schrader, William T.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bilski, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM bilski@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH; NIEHS FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS. The authors thank Mr. B. Karriker for assistance during fluorescence measurements and Mr. J.M. Reece for confocal microscopy. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1232 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00575.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 489YT UT WOS:000269463700023 PM 19496989 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, J Ma, WJ Yan, Y Van Hulle, K Malkova, A Resnick, MA AF Westmoreland, Jim Ma, Wenjian Yan, Yan Van Hulle, Kelly Malkova, Anna Resnick, Michael A. TI RAD50 Is Required for Efficient Initiation of Resection and Recombinational Repair at Random, gamma-Induced Double-Strand Break Ends SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE MRE11; DNA-DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; OVERLAPPING FUNCTIONS; BUDDING YEAST; SGS1; EXO1; NUCLEASES AB Resection of DNA double-strand break (DSB) ends is generally considered a critical determinant in pathways of DSB repair and genome stability. Unlike for enzymatically induced site-specific DSBs, little is known about processing of random "dirty-ended'' DSBs created by DNA damaging agents such as ionizing radiation. Here we present a novel system for monitoring early events in the repair of random DSBs, based on our finding that single-strand tails generated by resection at the ends of large molecules in budding yeast decreases mobility during pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We utilized this "PFGE-shift'' to follow the fate of both ends of linear molecules generated by a single random DSB in circular chromosomes. Within 10 min after gamma-irradiation of G2/M arrested WT cells, there is a near-synchronous PFGE-shift of the linearized circular molecules, corresponding to resection of a few hundred bases. Resection at the radiation-induced DSBs continues so that by the time of significant repair of DSBs at 1 hr there is about 1-2 kb resection per DSB end. The PFGE-shift is comparable in WT and recombination-defective rad52 and rad51 strains but somewhat delayed in exo1 mutants. However, in rad50 and mre11 null mutants the initiation and generation of resected ends at radiation-induced DSB ends is greatly reduced in G2/M. Thus, the Rad50/Mre11/Xrs2 complex is responsible for rapid processing of most damaged ends into substrates that subsequently undergo recombinational repair. A similar requirement was found for RAD50 in asynchronously growing cells. Among the few molecules exhibiting shift in the rad50 mutant, the residual resection is consistent with resection at only one of the DSB ends. Surprisingly, within 1 hr after irradiation, double-length linear molecules are detected in the WT and rad50, but not in rad52, strains that are likely due to crossovers that are largely resection- and RAD50-independent. C1 [Westmoreland, Jim; Ma, Wenjian; Yan, Yan; Resnick, Michael A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Van Hulle, Kelly; Malkova, Anna] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46205 USA. RP Westmoreland, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM resnick@niehs.nih.gov RI Ma, Wenjian/C-1071-2012 FU NIEHS (NIH, DHHS) [1 Z01 ES065073]; [1R01GM084242-01] FX This work was supported by grant 1R01GM084242-01 (AM) and the Intramural Research Program of the NIEHS (NIH, DHHS) under project 1 Z01 ES065073 (MAR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 5 IS 9 AR e1000656 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000656 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 506ZG UT WOS:000270817800018 PM 19763170 ER PT J AU Fiorino, DJ AF Fiorino, Daniel J TI Environmental Reform in the Information Age: The Contours of Environmental Governance SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Fiorino, Daniel J] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fiorino, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM forino.dan@epamail.epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0033-3352 EI 1540-6210 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 69 IS 5 BP 980 EP 982 PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 487IL UT WOS:000269265200019 ER PT J AU Rogers, JM AF Rogers, John M. TI Tobacco and pregnancy SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Conference of the European-Teratology-Society CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Arles, FRANCE SP European Teratol Soc DE Pregnancy; Tobacco; SIDS; Smoking; Fetus ID MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; PRENATAL SMOKING; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PRETERM DELIVERY AB This paper will review the epidemiology of the impact of cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco exposure on human development. Sources of exposure described include cigarettes and other forms of smoked tobacco, secondhand (environmental) tobacco smoke, several forms of smokeless tobacco, and nicotine from nicotine replacement therapy. Exposure is immense and worldwide, most of it due to smoking, but in some parts of the world and in some populations, smoking is exceeded by smokeless tobacco use. Nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure are of large concern, but cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemical constituents and additives including known carcinogens, toxic heavy metals, and many chemicals untested for developmental toxicity. The impact of tobacco on human development will be reviewed. Fertility, conception, survival of the conceptus, most phases and aspects of development studied to date, as well as postnatal survival and health are adversely impacted by maternal tobacco use or exposure. Effects in surviving offspring are probably life-long, and are still being elucidated. It is hoped that this review will serve to keep a focus on the critical and continuing problem of tobacco use impacting human development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Dev Biol Branch MD67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rogers, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Dev Biol Branch MD67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rogers.john@epa.gov NR 127 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.012 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 481YL UT WOS:000268849700004 PM 19450949 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL AF Cooper, Ralph L. TI Current developments in reproductive toxicity testing of pesticides SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Conference of the European-Teratology-Society CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Arles, FRANCE SP European Teratol Soc DE Multigenerational testing; Reproductive toxicology; Immunotoxicology; Neurotoxicology; Risk assessment ID CHEMICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT; TIERED APPROACH; ADULT EXPOSURE; IMMUNOTOXICITY; RISK AB A protocol to evaluate the potential developmental and reproductive effects of test chemicals has been developed by the Life Stages Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI)/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee. Since the original publication, several international groups have provided public comment on conducting the test. The extended one-generation reproductive toxicity test is now under consideration as a potential test guideline. The protocol uses a flexible approach that is markedly different from the current multigenerational guidelines. It encourages the use of toxicokinetics when setting the doses, evaluates more than one rat per sex per litter in the F1 offspring and does not necessarily require mating of the F1 to produce an F2 (F1 mating may be triggered by the presence of effects in the PO and developing F1 rats). A number of additional reproductive endpoints, and the neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity cohorts are included. The ACSA protocol was developed with the goal of assuring that the methods are scientifically appropriate and the toxicological endpoints and exposure durations are relevant for risk assessment. Compared to existing testing strategies, the proposed approach uses substantially fewer animals, provides additional information on the neonate, juvenile and pubertal animal, and includes an estimation of human exposure potential for making decisions about the extent of testing required. In this paper, the evolution of the protocol since the 2006 publication is discussed. These changes reflect the collective input of a U.S. expert panel of government and industrial scientist convened in 2007 and discussions of an OECD expert group held in Paris, France (October, 2008). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooper.ralph@epa.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.04.014 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 481YL UT WOS:000268849700008 PM 19409482 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB Martin, MT Kavlock, RJ Judson, RS Dix, DJ Singh, AV AF Knudsen, Thomas B. Martin, Matthew T. Kavlock, Robert J. Judson, Richard S. Dix, David J. Singh, Amar V. TI Profiling the activity of environmental chemicals in prenatal developmental toxicity studies using the US EPA's ToxRefDB SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Conference of the European-Teratology-Society CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Arles, FRANCE SP European Teratol Soc DE Database; Environmental chemicals; Pesticides; Developmental toxicity ID TOXICOLOGY; RABBIT; CLASSIFICATION; TERMINOLOGY; DATABASE; ANIMALS; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB As the primary source for regulatory developmental toxicity information, prenatal studies characterize maternal effects and fetal endpoints including malformations, resorptions, and fetal weight reduction. Results from 383 rat and 368 rabbit prenatal studies on 387 chemicals, mostly pesticides, were entered into the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) using harmonized terminology. An initial assessment of these data was performed with the goal of profiling environmental chemicals based on maternal and fetal endpoints for anchoring in vitro data provided in the EPA's ToxCast(TM) research program. Using 30 years worth of standard prenatal studies, maternal and fetal effects were culled from the database and analyzed by target-description fields and lowest effect levels (LELs). Focusing on inter-species comparison, the complexity of fetal target organ response to maternal dosing with environmental chemicals during the period of major organogenesis revealed hierarchical relationships. Of 283 chemicals tested in both species, 53 chemicals (18.7%) had LELs on development (dLEL) that were either specific, with no maternal toxicity (mLEL), or sensitive (dLEL < mLEL) to exposure in one species or another. The primary expressions of developmental toxicity in pregnant rats were fetal weight reduction, skeletal variations and abnormalities, and fetal urogenital defects. General pregnancy/fetal losses were over-represented in the rabbit as were structural malformations to the visceral body wall and CNS. Based upon administered doses, there was a clear hierarchy to the sensitivity and specificity of dLELs in comparing species, with rat development being more sensitive with regards to the number of endpoints affected and the number of active chemicals. Many of these relationships are consistent with previous database studies of developmental toxicology, indicating that they are driven by the biology of the test species. This novel data model provides an important public resource for cross-scale modeling and predictive understanding of developmental processes and toxicities. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Knudsen, Thomas B.; Martin, Matthew T.; Kavlock, Robert J.; Judson, Richard S.; Dix, David J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, Amar V.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Knudsen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM knudsen.thomas@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013; Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908; Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233; Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 NR 34 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.016 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 481YL UT WOS:000268849700012 PM 19446433 ER PT J AU Leidy, RA Gonsolin, E Leidy, GA AF Leidy, Robert A. Gonsolin, Earl Leidy, Garrett A. TI LATE-SUMMER AGGREGATION OF THE FOOTHILL YELLOW-LEGGED FROG (RANA BOYLII) IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We report on a late-summer, above-ground aggregation of foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) in the Diablo Range, Santa Clam County, California. Our observation provides the first published account, of aggregation in this species. C1 [Leidy, Robert A.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Gonsolin, Earl] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Leidy, Garrett A.] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Letters & Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Leidy, RA (reprint author), US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM leidy.robert@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 367 EP 368 DI 10.1894/WL-21.1 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496WI UT WOS:000270010200022 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Lau, C Corton, JC AF Rosen, Mitchell B. Lau, Christopher Corton, J. Christopher TI Does Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Acids Present a Risk to Human Health? SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE PPAR alpha; tumor; rodent; PFOA; PFOS; peroxisome proliferator; liver; risk assessment ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PPAR-ALPHA; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; MECHANISM; MOUSE; CAR AB The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency or does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. C1 [Rosen, Mitchell B.; Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Toxic Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rosen, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosen.mitch@epa.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp142 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 483WM UT WOS:000269002200001 PM 19561327 ER PT J AU Cohen, SM Storer, RD Criswell, KA Doerrer, NG Dellarco, VL Pegg, DG Wojcinski, ZW Malarkey, DE Jacobs, AC Klaunig, JE Swenberg, JA Cook, JC AF Cohen, Samuel M. Storer, Richard D. Criswell, Kay A. Doerrer, Nancy G. Dellarco, Vicki L. Pegg, David G. Wojcinski, Zbigniew W. Malarkey, David E. Jacobs, Abigail C. Klaunig, James E. Swenberg, James A. Cook, Jon C. TI Hemangiosarcoma in Rodents: Mode-of-Action Evaluation and Human Relevance SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Hemangiosarcoma in Rodents - Mode-of-Action Evaluation and Human Relevance CY DEC 04-05, 2008 CL Arlington, VA SP ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst DE hemangiosarcoma; angiogenesis; endothelial cells; endothelial precursor cells; mode of action; human relevance; PPAR agonists ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS; ERUPTIVE CHERRY ANGIOMAS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE MASS; GROWTH-FACTOR; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CANINE HEMANGIOSARCOMA; CHUVASH POLYCYTHEMIA; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN; VASCULAR TUMORS AB Although rarely occurring in humans, hemangiosarcomas (HS) have become important in evaluating the potential human risk of several chemicals, including industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical agents. Spontaneous HS arise frequently in mice, less commonly in rats, and frequently in numerous breeds of dogs. This review explores knowledge gaps and uncertainties related to the mode of action (MOA) for the induction of HS in rodents, and evaluates the potential relevance for human risk. For genotoxic chemicals (vinyl chloride and thorotrast), significant information is available concerning the MOA. In contrast, numerous chemicals produce HS in rodents by nongenotoxic, proliferative mechanisms. An overall framework is presented, including direct and indirect actions on endothelial cells, paracrine effects in local tissues, activation of bone marrow endothelial precursor cells, and tissue hypoxia. Numerous obstacles are identified in investigations into the MOA for mouse HS and the relevance of the mouse tumors to humans, including lack of identifiable precursor lesions, usually late occurrence of the tumors, and complexities of endothelial biology. This review proposes a working MOA for HS induced by nongenotoxic compounds that can guide future research in this area. Importantly, a common MOA appears to exist for the nongenotoxic induction of HS, where there appears to be a convergence of multiple initiating events (e.g., hemolysis, decreased respiration, adipocyte growth) leading to either dysregulated angiogenesis and/or erythropoiesis that results from hypoxia and macrophage activation. These later events lead to the release of angiogenic growth factors and cytokines that stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, which, if sustained, provide the milieu that can lead to HS formation. C1 [Doerrer, Nancy G.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Cohen, Samuel M.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Storer, Richard D.] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19486 USA. [Criswell, Kay A.; Cook, Jon C.] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Dellarco, Vicki L.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Malarkey, David E.] Michigan Technol & Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Wojcinski, Zbigniew W.] Fulcrum Pharma Dev Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Malarkey, David E.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jacobs, Abigail C.] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Klaunig, James E.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Swenberg, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW,2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org NR 99 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp131 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 483WM UT WOS:000269002200002 PM 19525443 ER PT J AU Noriega, NC Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Noriega, Nigel C. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Furr, Jonathan Lambright, Christy R. Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Pubertal Administration of DEHP Delays Puberty, Suppresses Testosterone Production, and Inhibits Reproductive Tract Development in Male Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans Rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Phthalates; male puberty; androgens; testis pathology ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; EXPOSURE; MALFORMATIONS; EXPRESSION; DIBUTYL; TESTIS; BBP AB Although is clear that exposure to high dosage levels of some phthalates delays the onset of puberty in the male rat, it has been hypothesized that low levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) accelerate puberty by enhancing testicular androgen synthesis. The current study was designed to determine if the dose response to DEHP was nonmonotonic, as hypothesized. Pubertal administration of DEHP delayed the onset of puberty and reduced androgen-dependent tissue weights in both Long-Evans (LE) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats 300 and 900 mg DEHP/kg/day. These effects were generally of greater magnitude in LE than SD rats. By contrast, alterations in testis histopathology (300 and 900 mg/kg/day) were more severe in SD than in LE rats. Taken together, these results suggest that DEHP may be acting on the pubertal male rat testis via two modes of action; one via the Leydig cells and the other via the Sertoli cells. Treatment with DEHP generally reduced serum testosterone and increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, demonstrating that the reduction in testosterone was due to the effect of DEHP on the testis and not via an inhibition of LH from hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Testosterone production ex vivo (with and without human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation) was consistently reduced in males at the time of puberty and shortly thereafter. DEHP treatment did not accelerate the age at puberty or enhance testosterone levels at 10 or 100 mg/kg/day in either LE or SD rats, as some have hypothesized. Taken together, these results do not provide any evidence of a nonmonotonic dose response to DEHP during puberty. C1 [Howdeshell, Kembra L.; Furr, Jonathan; Lambright, Christy R.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Noriega, Nigel C.] Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Neurosci, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Reprod Toxicol Branch,TAD, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gray.Earl@EPA.gov OI Noriega, Nigel/0000-0002-1365-8683; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU EPA, United States FX EPA, United States. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp129 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 483WM UT WOS:000269002200017 PM 19528224 ER PT J AU Blystone, CR Lambright, CS Cardon, MC Furr, J Rider, CV Hartig, PC Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Blystone, Chad R. Lambright, Christy S. Cardon, Mary C. Furr, Johnathan Rider, Cynthia V. Hartig, Phillip C. Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, Leon E., Jr. TI Cumulative and Antagonistic Effects of a Mixture of the Antiandrogens Vinclozolin and Iprodione in the Pubertal Male Rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE iprodione; vinclozolin; mixture; puberty; testosterone; androgen receptor; endocrine disruption ID TESTICULAR TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; IN-VIVO; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; HERSHBERGER ASSAY; PROCYMIDONE; FUNGICIDE AB Vinclozolin and iprodione are dicarboximide fungicides that display antiandrogenic effects in the male rat, which suggests that a mixture would lead to cumulative effects on androgen-sensitive end points. Iprodione is a steroid synthesis inhibitor, but androgen receptor antagonist activity, which is displayed by vinclozolin, has not been fully evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that iprodione binds to the human androgen receptor (IC50 5 86.0 mu M), reduces androgen-dependent gene expression, and reduces androgen-sensitive tissue weights in castrated male rats (Hershberger assay). Since vinclozolin and iprodione affect common targets in the pubertal male rat, we tested the hypothesis that a mixture would have cumulative antiandrogenic effects. An iprodione dose, that does not significantly affect androgen-dependent morphological end points, was combined with vinclozolin doses (2 3 5 factorial design). Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage with vinclozolin at 0, 10, 30, 60, and 100 mg/kg/day with and without 50 mg iprodione/kg/day from postnatal day (PND) 23 to 55-57 (n=8 per group). The age at puberty (preputial separation [PPS]), organ weights, serum hormones, and ex vivo testis steroid hormone production were measured. Vinclozolin delayed PPS, reduced androgen-sensitive organ weights, and increased serum testosterone. The addition of iprodione enhanced the vinclozolin inhibition of PPS (PND 47.5 vs. 49.1; two-way ANOVA: iprodione main effect p=0.0002). The dose response for several reproductive and nonreproductive organ weights was affected in a cumulative manner. In contrast, iprodione antagonized the vinclozolin-induced increase in serum testosterone. These results demonstrate that these fungicides interact on common targets in a tissue-specific manner when coadministered to the pubertal male rat. C1 [Blystone, Chad R.; Lambright, Christy S.; Cardon, Mary C.; Furr, Johnathan; Rider, Cynthia V.; Hartig, Phillip C.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Gray, Leon E., Jr.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Off Res & Dev,TAD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Blystone, Chad R.; Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Off Res & Dev,TAD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU North Carolina State University/Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research [CT833235-01-0] FX C. R. B. and C. V. R. were funded by the North Carolina State University/Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Program in Environmental Sciences Research, Training Agreement (CT833235-01-0) with North Carolina State University. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp137 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 483WM UT WOS:000269002200018 PM 19564212 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Del Razo, LM Chen, CJ Vahter, M AF Kitchin, Kirk T. Del Razo, Luz Maria Chen, Chien-jen Vahter, Marie TI Preface: Spain Arsenic Meeting SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kitchin, Kirk T.; Del Razo, Luz Maria; Chen, Chien-jen; Vahter, Marie] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, MD B143-6,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 239 IS 2 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.023 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 491NM UT WOS:000269585800001 PM 19712781 ER PT J AU Kubachka, KM Kohan, MC Herbin-Davis, K Creed, JT Thomas, DJ AF Kubachka, Kevin M. Kohan, Michael C. Herbin-Davis, Karen Creed, John T. Thomas, David J. TI Exploring the in vitro formation of trimethylarsine sulfide from dimethylthioarsinic acid in anaerobic microflora of mouse cecum using HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dimethylthioarsinic acid; Trimethylarsine sulfide; 34-S labeled arsenicals; Speciation; Mouse cecum intestinal microflora ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; ARSENIC METABOLISM; TOXICITY; RATS; METHYLATION; URINE; CELLS; THIOARSENICALS; ARSENOSUGAR; TRIVALENT AB Although metabolism of arsenicals to form methylated oxoarsenical species has been extensively studied. less is known about the formation of thiolated arsenical species that have recently been detected as urinary metabolites. Indeed, their presence suggests that the metabolism of ingested arsenic is more complex than previously thought. Recent reports have shown that thiolated arsenicals can be produced by the anaerobic microflora of the mouse cecum, suggesting that metabolism prior to systemic absorption may be a significant determinant of the pattern and extent of exposure to various arsenic-containing species. Here, we examined the metabolism of (34)S labeled dimethylthioarsinic acid ((34)S-DMTA(V)) by the anaerobic microflora of the mouse cecum using HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to monitor for the presence of various oxo- and thioarsenicals. The use of isotopically enriched (34)S-DMTA(V) made it possible to differentiate among potential metabolic pathways for production of the trimethylarsine sulfide (TMAS(V)). Upon in vitro incubation in an assay containing anaerobic microflora of mouse cecum, (34)S-DMTA(V) underwent several transformations. Labile (34)S was exchanged with more abundant (34)S to produce (34)S-DMTA(V), a thiol group was added to yield DMDTA(V), and a methyl group was added to yield (34)S-TMAS(V). Because incubation of (34)S-DMTA(V) resulted in the formation of (34)S-TMAS(V), the pathway for its formation must preserve the arsenic-sulfur bond. The alternative metabolic pathway postulated for formation of TMAS(V) from dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) would proceed via a dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) intermediate and would necessitate the loss of (34)S label. Structural confirmation of the metabolic product was achieved using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The data presented support the direct methylation of DMTA(V) to TMAS(V). Additionally, the detection of isotopically pure (34)S-TMAS(V) raises questions about the sulfur exchange properties of TMAS(V) in the cecum material. Therefore, (34)S-TMAS(V) was incubated and the exchange was monitored with respect to time. The data suggest that the As-S bond associated with TMAS(V) is less labile than the As-S bond associated with DMTA(V). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kubachka, Kevin M.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kohan, Michael C.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Herbin-Davis, Karen; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Michael Fricke and Dr. William Cullen for their invaluable discussions. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 239 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.008 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 491NM UT WOS:000269585800003 PM 19133283 ER PT J AU Ebersole, JL Colvin, ME Wigington, PJ Leibowitz, SG Baker, JP Church, MR Compton, JE Cairns, MA AF Ebersole, Joseph L. Colvin, Michael E. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Leibowitz, Scott G. Baker, Joan P. Church, M. Robbins Compton, Jana E. Cairns, Michael A. TI Hierarchical Modeling of Late-Summer Weight and Summer Abundance of Juvenile Coho Salmon across a Stream Network SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; RED ALDER; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; POPULATION-DENSITY; HEADWATER STREAMS; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; FOOD ABUNDANCE AB Spatial variation in stream habitat quality can lead to network-level patterns in the survival and growth of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch that provide important insights into the factors influencing the freshwater population dynamics of this species. Our objectives were to quantify the relationships among summer habitat conditions, coho salmon density, and coho salmon parr abundance and weight across an extensive stream network over 3 years. We used hierarchical linear models to assess the factors influencing coho salmon weight and abundance at the levels of individual fish (fork length and parasite burden), habitat unit (surface area, cover, and density), reach (temperature and density) and stream (total nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus. and discharge). Habitat-unit-level surface area and stream-level minimum discharge were important predictors of both the abundance and weight of coho salmon parr. An area X discharge interaction term was also important in models of weight and reflected network-level patterns of the highest abundances and highest part condition in the middle portions of the basin. In these locations, streamflow, habitat area. and temperature were moderate compared with the warmer, higher-discharge downstream reaches and cooler, lower-discharge (or even intermittent) upstream reaches. We conclude that in the study basin coho salmon parr weight was limited by habitat unit density and minimum summer discharge in the headwaters and abundance was limited primarily by space (pool area) in the headwaters and warm summer temperatures in the lower portions of the basin. C1 [Ebersole, Joseph L.; Colvin, Michael E.; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.; Leibowitz, Scott G.; Baker, Joan P.; Church, M. Robbins; Compton, Jana E.; Cairns, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ebersole, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM ebersole.joe@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [PR-RT-04-01207/XMT015] FX We thank Robert Ozretich, Ashley Steel, and two anonymous reviewers for very helpful review comments. This work could not have been accomplished without the excellent fieldwork performed by John Bartosz, Sharon Crowley, Sheila Davis, Loretta Ellenburg, Steve Hendricks, Hank Lavigne, Tyler Mintkeski, Stefanie Orlaineta, Clayton Oyler, Nancy Raskauskas, Chad Meengs, Jason Meyers, Ross St. Clair, Candace Wallace, and Michael Zenthoefer. Patti Haggerty provided geographical information systems (GIS) coverage. The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in part under Contract No. PR-RT-04-01207/XMT015 to Michael Colvin. This document has been Subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. The content of this paper represents the personal views of the authors, and does not necessarily reflect official policy of the EPA or any other agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 1138 EP 1156 DI 10.1577/T07-245.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600017 ER PT J AU Frohn, RC Reif, M Lane, C Autrey, B AF Frohn, Robert C. Reif, Molly Lane, Charles Autrey, Brad TI SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING OF ISOLATED WETLANDS USING OBJECT-ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSAT-7 DATA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE detection; imagery; mapping; segmentation ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; PERSPECTIVE; VEGETATION; ACCURACY AB There has been an increasing interest in characterizing and mapping isolated depressional wetlands due to a 2001 U. S. Supreme Court decision that effectively removed their protected status. Our objective was to determine the utility of satellite remote sensing to accurately detect isolated wetlands. Image segmentation and object-oriented analysis were applied to Landsat-7 imagery from January and October 2000 to map isolated wetlands in the St. Johns River Water Management District of Alachua County, Florida. Accuracy for individual isolated wetlands was determined based on the intersection of reference and remotely sensed polygons. The January data yielded producer and user accuracies of 88% and 89%, respectively, for isolated wetlands larger than 0.5 acres (0.20 ha). Producer and user accuracies increased to 97% and 95%, respectively, for isolated wetlands larger than 2 acres (0.81 ha). Recently, the Federal Geographic Data Committee recommended that all U. S. wetlands 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) or larger should be mapped using 1-m aerial photography with an accuracy of 98%. That accuracy was nearly achieved in this study using a spatial resolution that is 900 times coarser. Satellite remote sensing provides an accurate, relatively inexpensive, and timely means for classifying isolated depressional wetlands on a regional or national basis. C1 [Frohn, Robert C.; Reif, Molly] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Frohn, Robert C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Frohn, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM frohn.robert@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPD-06-096] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract number EPD-06-096 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Justicia Rhodus, Environmental Science Editor with Dynamac Corporation, performed document editing and formatting. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 931 EP 941 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400015 ER PT J AU Wigand, C Brennan, P Stolt, M Holt, M Ryba, S AF Wigand, Cathleen Brennan, Patricia Stolt, Mark Holt, Matt Ryba, Stephan TI SOIL RESPIRATION RATES IN COASTAL MARSHES SUBJECT TO INCREASING WATERSHED NITROGEN LOADS IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide efflux; carbon turnover; eutrophication; nitrogen loadings; organic matter; salt marsh; soil respiration; Spartina ID FRINGE SALT MARSHES; SEA-LEVEL RISE; RHODE-ISLAND; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; NARRAGANSETT BAY; ECOSYSTEM; BIOMASS; PLANT; EUTROPHICATION; VEGETATION AB Mean soil respiration rates (carbon dioxide efflux from bare soils) among salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, RI ranged from 1.7-7.8 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in Spartina patens in high marsh zones and 1.7-6.0 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in S. alterniflora in low marsh zones. The soil respiration rates significantly increased along a gradient of increasing watershed nitrogen (N) loads (S. alterniflora, R(2) = 0.95, P = 0.0008; S. patens, R(2) = 0.70, P = 0.02). As the soil respiration increased, the percent carbon (C) and N in the soil surface layer decreased in the S. alterniflora, suggesting that in part, the increased soil respiration rates are contributing to the increased turnover of labile organic matter. In contrast, there were no apparent relationships between the soil respiration rates in the high marsh and the soil C and N contents of the surface layer. However, there was a broad-scale pattern and significant inverse relationship between the high marsh soil respiration rates and the landscape belowground biomass of S. patens. As more and more salt marsh systems are subjected to increasing nutrient loads, decomposition rates of soil organic matter may increase in marsh soils leading to higher turnover rates of C and N. C1 [Wigand, Cathleen; Holt, Matt; Ryba, Stephan] US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Brennan, Patricia; Stolt, Mark] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Wigand, C (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM wigand.cathleen@epa.gov NR 47 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 952 EP 963 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400017 ER PT J AU Truckner, RT AF Truckner, Robert T. TI Health Care Provider Beliefs Concerning the Adverse Health Effects of Environmental and Ecosystem Degradation SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE environment; ecosystem; medical education; environment and public health; environmental preventative medicine ID PEDIATRICIANS ATTITUDES; EDUCATION AB Objective.-Little is known about health care provider interest, knowledge, and beliefs regarding the health effects of human-induced environmental degradation (HIED). A survey was created and distributed to better characterize health provider beliefs about the adverse health effects of HIED. Methods.-An invitation to participate in an online 24-question survey was e-mailed to 2177 members of the Wilderness Medical Society to characterize experience with health effects of HIED, types of health effects attributed to HIED, attitudes toward HIED. and educational Sources about HIED. Data were analyzed from 665 responses, a response rate of 35%. Results.-Results demonstrate that health care providers identify a large number and variety of health effects associated with HIED, although exacerbation of asthma, reactive airways disease, and chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease were most commonly identified. Over 80% report that HIED has affected the health of a patient they have cared for; 60% report patients have asked about HIED effects on health; and 93% report that they do not distribute information to patients about HIED. Over 75% of respondents believe there is an unfulfilled need for information and education about the adverse health effects of HIED. Respondents report continuing medical education, journal articles, and medical schools/residency programs as the best methods for education and for raising awareness of the health effects of HIED. Conclusions.-Results indicate strong health professional belief in health effects of HIED, patient concern related to the health effects of HIED, and a need to educate both health care providers and patients on the adverse health effects of HIED. C1 [Truckner, Robert T.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Truckner, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Truckner.Robert@epamail.epa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 199 EP 211 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 500HF UT WOS:000270288800002 PM 19737040 ER PT J AU Sowers, AD Mills, MA Klaine, SJ AF Sowers, Anthony D. Mills, Marc A. Klaine, Stephen J. TI The developmental effects of a municipal wastewater effluent on the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wastewater effluent; Tadpoles; Endocrine disruption; Amphibians ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; XENOPUS-TROPICALIS; THYROID-HORMONE; BUFO-AMERICANUS; TREATMENT-PLANT; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEX-RATIOS AB Wastewater effluents are complex mixtures containing a variety of anthropogenic compounds. many of which are known endocrine disruptors. in order to characterize the developmental and behavioral effects of such a complex mixture, northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, were exposed to a range of concentrations (0%, 10%, 50%, 100%) of municipal wastewater effluent from the egg stage through metamorphosis. The estrogenic activity of the effluent was quantified by the calculation of an estradiol (E2) equivalency (EEQ) factor and was determined to be equivalent to 1.724 +/- 2.103 ng/L E2. Individuals from the 50% and 100% wastewater treatments took significantly longer to reach metamorphosis than individuals in the 0% and 10% treatments. An increased incidence of male testicular oocytes was observed in the 50% and 100% treatments when compared to the control treatment. Morphological changes in the thyroid glands of 100% wastewater-treated individuals were also noted. No effects of wastewater exposure on growth, sex ratio, swim speed, startle response, or female gonadal development were observed. These results suggest that municipal wastewater effluent can alter the timing of the metamorphic process and impact male sexual development in R. pipiens. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sowers, Anthony D.; Klaine, Stephen J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sowers, AD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Toxicol, 509 Westinghouse Rd, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. EM sowers@clemson.edu RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.06.013 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 500IC UT WOS:000270291300009 PM 19640596 ER PT J AU Benakanakere, MR Li, QY Eskan, MA Singh, AV Zhao, JW Galicia, JC Stathopoulou, P Knudsen, TB Kinane, DF AF Benakanakere, Manjunatha R. Li, Qiyan Eskan, Mehmet A. Singh, Amar V. Zhao, Jiawei Galicia, Johnah C. Stathopoulou, Panagiota Knudsen, Thomas B. Kinane, Denis F. TI Modulation of TLR2 Protein Expression by miR-105 in Human Oral Keratinocytes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GINGIVAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; MICRORNA GENES; UP-REGULATION; TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR-4; DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTORS; RNA AB Mammalian biological processes such as inflammation, involve regulation of hundreds of genes controlling onset and termination. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can translationally repress target mRNAs and regulate innate immune responses. Our model system comprised primary human keratinocytes, which exhibited robust differences in inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) following specific Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR-2/TLR-4) agonist challenge. We challenged these primary cells with Porphyromonas gingivalis (a Gram-negative bacterium that triggers TLR-2 and TLR-4) and performed miRNA expression profiling. We identified miRNA (miR)-105 as a modulator of TLR-2 protein translation in human gingival keratinocytes. There was a strong inverse correlation between cells that had high cytokine responses following TLR-2 agonist challenge and miR-105 levels. Knock-in and knock-down of miR-105 confirmed this inverse relationship. In silico analysis predicted that miR-105 had complementarity for TLR-2 mRNA, and the luciferase reporter assay verified this. Further understanding of the role of miRNA in host responses may elucidate disease susceptibility and suggest new anti-inflammatory therapeutics. C1 [Benakanakere, Manjunatha R.; Li, Qiyan; Eskan, Mehmet A.; Zhao, Jiawei; Galicia, Johnah C.; Stathopoulou, Panagiota; Kinane, Denis F.] Univ Louisville, Sch Dent, Ctr Oral Hlth & Syst Dis, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Singh, Amar V.; Knudsen, Thomas B.] Univ Louisville, Sch Dent, Dept Mol Cellular & Craniofacial Biol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Knudsen, Thomas B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, Amar V.] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kinane, DF (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Dent, Ctr Oral Hlth & Syst Dis, 501 S Preston St,Rm 204, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM dfkina01@louisville.edu RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 FU National Institutes of Health [DE017384]; United States Public Health Service, NIDCR FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant DE017384 (to D. F. K.) from the United States Public Health Service, NIDCR. NR 55 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 34 BP 23107 EP 23115 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.013862 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 483KG UT WOS:000268963100062 PM 19509287 ER PT J AU Lehrter, JC Murrell, MC Kurtz, JC AF Lehrter, John C. Murrell, Michael C. Kurtz, Janis C. TI Interactions between freshwater input, light, and phytoplankton dynamics on the Louisiana continental shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Primary production; Chlorophyll a; Light; Louisiana continental shelf; Hypoxia ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; COASTAL WATERS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; COLUMN PROCESSES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; HYPOXIA; SEDIMENTS AB We examined the effects of freshwater flow and light availability on phytoplankton biomass and production along the Louisian a continental shelf in the region characterized by persistent spring summer stratification and widespread summer hypoxia. Data were collected on 7 cruises from 2005 to 2007, and spatially-averaged estimates of phytoplankton and light variables were calculated for the study area using Voronoi polygon normalization. Shelf-wide phytoplankton production ranged from 0.47 to 1.75 mg Cm-2 d(-1) across the 7 cruises. Shelf-wide average light attenuation (kd) ranged from 0.19-1.01 m(-1) and strongly covaried with freshwater discharge from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers (R-2 = 0.67). Interestingly, we observed that the euphotic zone (as defined by the 1% light depth) extended well below the pycnocline and to the bottom across much of the shelf. Shelf-wide average chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 5.9 mg m(-3) and, similar to k(d), covaried with river discharge (R-2 = 0.83). Also, chl a concentrations were significantly higher in plume versus non-plume regions of the shelf. When integrated through the water-column, shelf-wide average chl a ranged from 26.3 to 47.6 mg m(-2), but did not covary with river discharge, nor were plume versus non-plume averages statistically different. The high integrated chl a in the non-plume waters resulted from frequent sub-pycnocline chl a maxima. Phytoplankton production rates were highest in the vicinity of the Mississippi River bird's foot delta, but as with integrated chl a were not statistically different in plume versus non-plume waters across the rest of the shelf. Based on the vertical distribution of light and chl a, a substantial fraction of phytoplankton production occurred below the pycnocline, averaging from 25% to 50% among cruises. These results suggest that freshwater and nutrient inputs regulate shelf-wide kd and, consequently, the vertical distribution of primary production. The substantial below-pycnocline primary production we observed has not been previously quantified for this region, but has important implications about the formation and persistence of hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lehrter, John C.; Murrell, Michael C.; Kurtz, Janis C.] US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lehrter, JC (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lehrter.john@epa.gov; murrell.michael@epa.gov; kurtz.jan@epa.gov NR 51 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 15 BP 1861 EP 1872 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.07.001 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 536RP UT WOS:000273061800010 ER PT J AU Fuentes, C AF Fuentes, Clara TI Impact of technical, ethical and regulatory developments on registration of repellents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fuentes, Clara] US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Preventioin Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM fuentes.clara@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 29-AGRO BP 425 EP 425 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900385 ER PT J AU Stewart, JM Villanueva, PS AF Stewart, Jane M. Villanueva, Philip S. TI OECD harmonized MRL calculator SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stewart, Jane M.] BASF Corp, Consumer & Environm Safety, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. [Villanueva, Philip S.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM jane.stewart@basf.com; villanueva.philip@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 165-AGRO BP 441 EP 441 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900401 ER PT J AU McKernan, JL Dindal, A AF McKernan, John L. Dindal, Amy TI Environmental technology verification: Benefits of collaboration SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McKernan, John L.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, ETV,Adv Monitoring Syst Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dindal, Amy] Battelle Mem Inst, Adv Monitoring Syst Ctr, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM mckernan.john@epa.gov; dindala@battelle.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 101-AGRO BP 465 EP 465 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900425 ER PT J AU Eckel, WP Spatz, DS Jones, RD Young, D Shamim, M Avon, L Kennedy, I McCoy, A Kirby, S Malis, G Mathew, R AF Eckel, William P. Spatz, Dana S. Jones, R. David Young, Dirk Shamim, Mah Avon, Lizanne Kennedy, Ian McCoy, Amber Kirby, Scott Malis, Greg Mathew, R. TI Development of guidance for evaluating and calculating degradation kinetics in environmental media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eckel, William P.; Spatz, Dana S.; Jones, R. David; Young, Dirk; Shamim, Mah] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Avon, Lizanne; Kennedy, Ian; McCoy, Amber; Kirby, Scott; Malis, Greg; Mathew, R.] Hlth Canada, Environm Assessment Directorate, Pest Management Regulatory Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM eckel.william@epa.gov; Jones.Rdavid@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 92-AGRO BP 470 EP 470 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900430 ER PT J AU Thurman, NC Corbin, M Thawley, M Frankenberry, MG Irene, S AF Thurman, N. C. Corbin, Mark Thawley, Michelle Frankenberry, Many G. Irene, S. TI Identifying watersheds that potentially exceed effects-based atrazine thresholds from a multiyear monitoring study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thurman, N. C.; Corbin, Mark; Thawley, Michelle; Frankenberry, Many G.; Irene, S.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM thurman.nelson@epa.gov; corbin.mark@epa.gov; thawley.michelle@epa.gov; frankenberry.mary@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 231-AGRO BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900434 ER PT J AU Rossi, L AF Rossi, Lois TI Harmonization efforts through global joint reviews of new pesticide active ingredients SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rossi, Lois] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM rossi.lois@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 162-AGRO BP 504 EP 504 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900464 ER PT J AU Barrett, M Parker, RD AF Barrett, Michael Parker, Ronald D. TI Lessons learned from an exercise to evaluate watershed-scale pesticide fate and transport models SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barrett, Michael; Parker, Ronald D.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM barrett.michael@epa.gov; parker.ronald@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 114-AGRO BP 508 EP 508 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900468 ER PT J AU Parker, RD AF Parker, Ronald D. TI Regulatory modeling for pesticide aquatic exposure assessment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parker, Ronald D.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM parker.ronald@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 178-AGRO BP 510 EP 510 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900470 ER PT J AU Burns, L Suarez, LA Bird, S Parker, RD AF Burns, Lawrence Suarez, Luis A. Bird, Sandra Parker, Ronald D. TI Development of EXPRESS modeling platform SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burns, Lawrence] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Parker, Ronald D.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM burns.lawrence@gmail.com; parker.ronald@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 54-AGRO BP 511 EP 511 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900471 ER PT J AU Ruhman, M Hetrick, J Jones, RD AF Ruhman, Mohammed Hetrick, James Jones, R. David TI Modeling pesticide total residues of toxicological concern SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hetrick, James] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM ruhman.mohammed@epa.gov; hetrick.james@epa.gov; Jones.Rdavid@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 110-AGRO BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900475 ER PT J AU Behl, E AF Behl, Elizabeth TI Modeling heterogeneous environmental systems: Evolving data needs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Behl, Elizabeth] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Behl.Betsy@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 131-AGRO BP 585 EP 585 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900545 ER PT J AU Utterback, D Harper, S Rogers, KR Van Emon, JM Medina-Vera, M AF Utterback, Dennis Harper, Sharon Rogers, Kim R. Van Emon, Jeanette M. Medina-Vera, Myriam TI EPA's lead, renovation, repair, and painting program: Final rule SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Utterback, Dennis] US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Harper, Sharon; Medina-Vera, Myriam] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rogers, Kim R.; Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Utterback.Dennis@epa.gov; Rogers.Kim@epa.gov; vanemon.jeanette@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 99-AGRO BP 593 EP 593 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900553 ER PT J AU Larson, R AF Larson, Robert TI Developing the renewable fuel standard: Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Larson, Robert] US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM larson.robert@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 144-AGRO BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900555 ER PT J AU Dawson, JL AF Dawson, Jeffrey L. TI Modeling approaches for quantifying emissions from commodity treatments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dawson, Jeffrey L.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Dawson.Jeff@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 213-AGRO BP 604 EP 604 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900564 ER PT J AU Smith, C AF Smith, Charles TI Factors which influence emissions of soil fumigants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Charles] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Smith.Charles@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 240-AGRO BP 605 EP 605 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900565 ER PT J AU Benson, RS Gilbreath, J AF Benson, Robert S. Gilbreath, Jan TI Overview of EPA's Sector Strategies Program and its work with the chemical industry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Benson, Robert S.] US EPA, EPA Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Sector Strategies Div, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Gilbreath, Jan] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM benson.robert@epa.gov; gilbreath.jan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 123-AGRO BP 607 EP 607 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900567 ER PT J AU Crowley, M AF Crowley, Matthew TI Updating standard operating procedures for residential exposure assessment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crowley, Matthew] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Crowley.Matthew@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 227-AGRO BP 609 EP 609 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900569 ER PT J AU Bailey, TA Hartless, CS Randall, DM Sappington, KG Frankenberry, MJ AF Bailey, Tom A. Hartless, Christine S. Randall, Donna M. Sappington, Keith G. Frankenberry, Mary J. TI USEPA's Office of Pesticide Programs guidance for evaluating aquatic toxicology studies using dilution water and solvent controls SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bailey, Tom A.; Hartless, Christine S.; Randall, Donna M.; Sappington, Keith G.; Frankenberry, Mary J.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bailey.tom@epa.gov; hartless.christine@epa.gov; randall.donna@epa.gov; sappington.keith@epa.gov; frankenberry.mary@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 119-AGRO BP 611 EP 611 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900571 ER PT J AU Engler, RE AF Engler, Richard E. TI The success of green chemistry collaborations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Engler, Richard E.] US EPA, Green Chem Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM engler.richard@epa.gov RI Engler, Richard/J-3232-2012 OI Engler, Richard/0000-0001-7697-3106 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 125-AGRO BP 614 EP 614 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900574 ER PT J AU Jones, RD AF Jones, R. David TI Accounting for unextracted pesticide residues in environmental fate studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, R. David] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Jones.Rdavid@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 280-AGRO BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900586 ER PT J AU Wickwire, S AF Wickwire, Susan TI Advancing partnerships to combat climate change SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wickwire, Susan] US EPA, Climate Protect Partnerships Div, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM wickwire.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 100-AGRO BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900590 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G Choi, H Dionysiou, DD AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, Gautham Choi, Hyeok Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 72-Arsenic removal using titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Macroscopic and spectroscopic evaluation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Choi, Hyeok] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, Gautham] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; jegadeesan.gautham@epa.gov; choi.hyeok@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 72-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903705 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Shoemaker, JA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Shoemaker, Jody A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 41-Destruction of cyanotoxins by hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals: Reaction intermediates and pathways SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM antonim@email.uc.edu; shoemaker.jody@epa.gov; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 41-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903571 ER PT J AU Baruwati, B Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Baruwati, Babita Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Glutathione: A benign alternative for the synthesis of nanomaterials and magnetically separable organocatalyst in water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baruwati, Babita; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Baruwati.Babita@epa.gov; polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 686-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000221 ER PT J AU Beaman, JR AF Beaman, Joseph R. TI TOXI 38-Considerations of advancements in aquatic toxicology and nontraditional endpoints for regulatory use: Perspective from Office of Water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beaman, Joseph R.] US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Beaman.Joe@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 38-TOXI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906769 ER PT J AU Chappell, M Scheckel, KG Hennessy, J Jacobi, M Porter, B Price, CL George, AJ Ford, L AF Chappell, Mark Scheckel, Kirk G. Hennessy, Joel Jacobi, Michael Porter, Beth Price, Cynthia L. George, Aaron J. Ford, Lesley TI GEOC 48-Characterization of soil mercury in contaminated soils and sediments: Implications for in situ immobilization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chappell, Mark; Price, Cynthia L.] US Army Corps Engineers, Soil & Sediment Geochem Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Waste Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Hennessy, Joel; Jacobi, Michael] US EPA, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Porter, Beth; George, Aaron J.; Ford, Lesley] SpecPro Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM scheckel.kirk@epa.gov; hennessy.joel@epa.gov; jacobi.mike@epa.gov; cynthia.l.price@usace.army.mil; aaronj.george@usace.army.mil; Lesley.S.Ford@usace.army.mil RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 48-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902753 ER PT J AU Daniels, SL Lewandowski, BR Lytle, DA Garno, JC AF Daniels, Stephanie L. Lewandowski, Brian R. Lytle, Darren A. Garno, Jayne C. TI ENVR 124-Effect of pH and orthophosphate levels of drinking water during the initial stages of copper corrosion investigated with atomic force microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Daniels, Stephanie L.; Lewandowski, Brian R.; Garno, Jayne C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sdanie9@lsu.edu; blewan1@lsu.edu; lytle.darren@epa.gov; jgarno@lsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 124-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903631 ER PT J AU Englert, BC AF Englert, Brian C. TI ENVR 1-Analytical methods for contaminants of emerging concern SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Englert, Brian C.] US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 1-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903576 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, K AF Fitzgerald, Kristin TI CHAS 13-EPA's new academic lab rule: How the Feds see it SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fitzgerald, Kristin] US EPA, Off Resource Conservat & Recovery, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 13-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902174 ER PT J AU Grout, A AF Grout, Angela TI YCC 11-The long winding road from chemist to public policy: A PMF's tale SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grout, Angela] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 11-YCC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906807 ER PT J AU Guerard, J Chin, YP Mash, HE AF Guerard, Jennifer Chin, Yu Ping Mash, Heath E. TI ENVR 69-Photochemical fate of sulfadimethoxine in aquaculture waters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guerard, Jennifer] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chin, Yu Ping] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mash, Heath E.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM guerard.1@osu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 69-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903594 ER PT J AU Isaacson, CW Ma, X Wigington, B Burns, T AF Isaacson, Carl W. Ma, Xin Wigington, Bethany Burns, Tantiana TI ANYL 338-Determining aqueous fullerene particle size distributions by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) without surfactants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Isaacson, Carl W.; Wigington, Bethany] US EPA, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Ma, Xin] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Isaacson.Carl@epa.gov; ma.cissy@epa.gov; wigington.bethany@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 338-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901361 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, Barbara TI ENVR 60-Using green nanotechnology for a cleaner and more sustainable environment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karn, Barbara] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM karn.barbara@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 60-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903764 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Henderson, WM Garrison, AW Ritger, SE Miller, RD Sack, TJ Brown, CC Avants, JK AF Kenneke, John F. Mazur, Christopher S. Henderson, W. Matthew Garrison, A. Wayne Ritger, Susan E. Miller, Rebecca D. Sack, Thomas J. Brown, Cather C. Avants, Jimmy K. TI ENVR 37-Kinetics, mechanisms, and stereoselective metabolism of 1,2,4-triazole fungicides in hepatic microsomes and implications for human health and ecological risk assessment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kenneke, John F.; Mazur, Christopher S.; Henderson, W. Matthew; Garrison, A. Wayne] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ritger, Susan E.; Miller, Rebecca D.] Student Serv Author, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Sack, Thomas J.; Brown, Cather C.; Avants, Jimmy K.] Senior Serv Amer Inc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kenneke.john@epa.gov; mazur.chris@epa.gov; henderson.matt@epa.gov; garrison.wayne@epa.gov; ritger.susan@epa.gov; miller.rebecca@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 37-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903611 ER PT J AU Li, Z Sorial, GA Sahle-Demessie, E AF Li, Zhen Sorial, George A. Sahle-Demessie, E. TI ENVR 133-Stability and transport of commercial metal oxide nanoparticles in aquatic systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Zhen; Sorial, George A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sahle-Demessie, E.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, ORD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM liz2@email.uc.edu; George.Sorial@uc.edu; sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 133-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903585 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Cai, Y Mao, Y Scheidt, D Kalla, P Roelant, D AF Liu, Guangliang Cai, Y. Mao, Yuxiang Scheidt, Daniel Kalla, Peter Roelant, David TI GEOC 45-Biogeochemical controls on mercury distribution and bioaccumulation in the Florida Everglades SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Guangliang; Mao, Yuxiang] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cai, Y.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & SE Environm Res, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Scheidt, Daniel] US EPA, Water Management Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kalla, Peter] US EPA, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Roelant, David] Florida Int Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM liug@fiu.edu; cai@fiu.edu; yuxiang.mao@fiu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 45-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902819 ER PT J AU Lowe, MF AF Lowe, Mary Frances TI SCHB 22-EPA activities and programs that would be affected by implementation of GHS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lowe, Mary Frances] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA 20002 USA. EM Lowe.MaryFrances@epamail.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 22-SCHB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906633 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Christopher, SJ Day, RD Long, SE Marlow, A Molloy, JL Murphy, K Paul, RL Popelka-Filcoff, RS Rabb, SA Sieber, JR Spatz, RO Tomlin, BE Wood, L Yu, LL Zeisler, R Wilson, SA Jones, C Nebelsick, J AF Mackey, Elizabeth A. Christopher, Steven J. Day, Russell D. Long, Stephen E. Marlow, Anthony Molloy, John L. Murphy, Karen Paul, Rick L. Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S. Rabb, Savelas A. Sieber, John R. Spatz, Rabia Oflaz Tomlin, Bryan E. Wood, Laura Yu, Lee L. Zeisler, Rolf Wilson, Stephen A. Jones, Clifton Nebelsick, John TI ENVR 144-Certification of three soil Standard Reference Materials (R) for inorganic environmental measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Christopher, Steven J.; Day, Russell D.; Long, Stephen E.; Marlow, Anthony; Molloy, John L.; Murphy, Karen; Paul, Rick L.; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S.; Rabb, Savelas A.; Sieber, John R.; Tomlin, Bryan E.; Wood, Laura; Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spatz, Rabia Oflaz] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Clifton] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Grp, Las Vegas, NV 89120 USA. [Nebelsick, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM steven.christopher@nist.gov; russell.day@nist.gov; stephen.long@nist.gov; anthony.marlow@nist.gov; john.molloy@nist.gov; rachel.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov; savelas.rabb@nist.gov; Rabia@nist.gov; bryan.tomlin@nist.gov; laura.wood@nist.gov; lee.yu@nist.gov; swilson@usgs.gov RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 144-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903613 ER PT J AU Meson, KL AF Meson, Kristina L. TI CHAS 16-ACS/EPA partnership to improve chemical management in schools: A federal perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meson, Kristina L.] US EPA, Off Resource Conservat & Recovery, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM meson.kristina@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 16-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902185 ER PT J AU Miller, CA AF Miller, C. Andrew TI Environmental impacts of biofuel production and use SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miller, C. Andrew] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Miller.Andy@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 285-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905301 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Baruwati, B Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Baruwati, Babita Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Sustainable nanocatalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Baruwati, Babita; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] Pagasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Baruwati.Babita@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 502-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908431 ER PT J AU Richard, AM Wolf, MA Williams-Devane, CR Judson, R AF Richard, Ann M. Wolf, Maritja A. Williams-Devane, ClarLynda R. Judson, Richard TI CINF 1-US EPA computational toxicology programs: Central role of chemical-annotation efforts and molecular databases SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richard, Ann M.; Judson, Richard] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Williams-Devane, ClarLynda R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov; wolf.marti@epa.gov; williams.clarlynda@epa.gov; judson.richard@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 1-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902713 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI ENVR 23-Bill Glaze: A legend, a teacher, and a gentleman SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 23-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903564 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Almquist, CB AF Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Almquist, Catherine B. TI ENVR 85-Converting waste gases from pulp mills into value-added chemicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Clean Proc & Prod Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Almquist, Catherine B.] Miami Univ, Dept Paper & Chem Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov; almquic@muohio.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 85-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903589 ER PT J AU Shah, SR AF Shah, Sanjiv R. TI ENVR 46-Bioterrorism detection: Broad perspectives on sampling and detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shah, Sanjiv R.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Shah.Sanjiv@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 46-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903769 ER PT J AU Stevens, R AF Stevens, Rick TI ENVR 78-Occurrence of emerging contaminates in sewage sludge SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stevens, Rick] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stevens.rick@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 78-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903575 ER PT J AU Vander Wal, R Bryg, VM Hays, MD AF Vander Wal, Randy Bryg, Vicky M. Hays, Michael D. TI ENVR 18-Source characterization for emission inventories: HRTEM and XPS analyses SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vander Wal, Randy] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst & PSIEE, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bryg, Vicky M.] NASA Glenn, USRA, NCSER, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ruv12@psu.edu; hays.michael@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 18-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903677 ER PT J AU Wroble, A Pietari, J O'Keefe, J Hamlett, PP Santacroce, G Oliveira, T Wilding, S Revell, D Whipple, W AF Wroble, Amanda Pietari, Jaana O'Keefe, James Hamlett, Pamela P. Santacroce, Gregory Oliveira, Tiago Wilding, Stevie Revell, Dennis Whipple, Wayne TI ENVR 35-Interlaboratory comparison study of the measurement of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners from sediment samples with high resolution (HRMS) and low resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wroble, Amanda; Whipple, Wayne] US EPA, Reg Chicago Reg Lab 5, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Pietari, Jaana] Exponent Inc, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA. [O'Keefe, James] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hamlett, Pamela P.] Texas Pk & Wildlife, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Santacroce, Gregory; Oliveira, Tiago] US EPA, Reg Div Environm Sci 2, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Wilding, Stevie] US EPA, Reg Off Analyt Serv & Qual Assurance 3, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Revell, Dennis] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Santacroce, Gregory; Oliveira, Tiago] US EPA, Assessment Lab, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM jpietari@exponent.com; whipple.wayne@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 35-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903763 ER PT J AU Yoo, H Ellington, JJ Washington, JW Jenkins, TM Libelo, LE AF Yoo, Hoon Ellington, Jackson J. Washington, John W. Jenkins, Thomas M. Libelo, Laurence E. TI ENVR 199-Analysis of perfluorinated chemicals and their fluorinated precursors in sludge: Method development and initial results SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yoo, Hoon; Ellington, Jackson J.; Washington, John W.; Jenkins, Thomas M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Libelo, Laurence E.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Yoo.Hoon@epamail.epa.gov; Ellington.Jackson@epa.gov; washington.john@epa.gov; Jenkins.Tom@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 199-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903722 ER PT J AU Zepp, R Kong, LJ Chan, K Tedrow, O AF Zepp, Richard Kong, Lingjun Chan, Kyle Tedrow, O'Niell TI GEOC 71-Light-induced transformations of the C60 derivative, fullerenol: Interactions with natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kong, Lingjun] US EPA, Natl Res Council Associate, NERL ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Chan, Kyle; Tedrow, O'Niell] US EPA, NERL ERD, Student Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM zepp.richard@epa.gov; kong.lynn@epa.gov; chan.kyle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 71-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902803 ER PT J AU O'Connell, HA Rose, LJ Shams, A Bradley, M Arduino, MJ Rice, EW AF O'Connell, Heather A. Rose, Laura J. Shams, Alicia Bradley, Meranda Arduino, Matthew J. Rice, Eugene W. TI Variability of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strain Sensitivities to Chlorine Disinfection SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RUGOSE SURVIVAL FORM; POTABLE WATER; DRINKING-WATER; MELIOIDOSIS; INACTIVATION; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-01; MONOCHLORAMINE; RESISTANCE; BIOFILMS AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is a select agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. Variations in previously reported chlorine and monochloramine concentration time (Ct) values for disinfection of this organism make decisions regarding the appropriate levels of chlorine in water treatment systems difficult. This study identified the variation in Ct values for 2-, 3-, and 4-log(10) reductions of eight environmental and clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei in phosphate-buffered water. The greatest calculated Ct values for a 4-log(10) inactivation were 7.8 mg.min/liter for free available chlorine (FAC) at pH 8 and 5 degrees C and 550 mg.min/liter for monochloramine at pH 8 and 5 C. Ionic strength of test solutions, culture hold times in water, and cell washing were ruled out as sources of the differences in prior observations. Tolerance to FAC was correlated with the relative amount of extracellular material produced by each isolate. Solid-phase cytometry analysis using an esterase-cleaved fluorochrome assay detected a 2-log(10)-higher level of organisms based upon metabolic activity than did culture, which in some cases increased Ct values by fivefold. Despite strain-to-strain variations in Ct values of 17-fold for FAC and 2.5-fold for monochloramine, standard FAC disinfection practices utilized in the United States should disinfect planktonic populations of these B. pseudomallei strains by 4 orders of magnitude in less than 10 min at the tested temperatures and pH levels. C1 [O'Connell, Heather A.; Rose, Laura J.; Shams, Alicia; Bradley, Meranda; Arduino, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rice, Eugene W.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP O'Connell, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ftw2@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Engineering FX This research was made possible by an intraagency agreement between the EPA and the CDC. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the CDC administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Engineering through an intraagency agreement between the DOE and the CDC. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 16 BP 5405 EP 5409 DI 10.1128/AEM.00062-09 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 479LE UT WOS:000268660000028 PM 19542324 ER PT J AU Marczak, ED Jinsmaa, Y Myers, PH Blankenship, T Wilson, R Balboni, G Salvadori, S Lazarus, LH AF Marczak, Ewa D. Jinsmaa, Yunden Myers, Page H. Blankenship, Terry Wilson, Ralph Balboni, Gianfranco Salvadori, Severo Lazarus, Lawrence H. TI Orally administered H-Dmt-Tic-Lys-NH-CH2-Ph (MZ-2), a potent mu-/delta-opioid receptor antagonist, regulates obese-related factors in mice SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Narcotics Research Conference CY JUL 13-18, 2008 CL Charleston, SC DE Obesity; Bone mineral density; Insulin; Glucose; Dmt-Tic pharmacophore; Dual mu-/delta-opioid receptor antagonist; (ob/ob mouse) ID BODY-WEIGHT; BETA-ENDORPHIN; DEFICIENT MICE; FAT OXIDATION; FOOD-INTAKE; RATS; NALOXONE; NALTREXONE; MORPHINE; EXERCISE AB Orally active dual mu-/delta-opioid receptor antagonist, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys-NH-CH2-Ph (MZ-2) was applied to study body weight gain, fat content, bone mineral density, serum insulin. cholesterol and glucose levels in female ob/ob (B6.V-Lep < ob >/J homozygous) and lean wild mice with or without voluntary exercise on wheels for three weeks, and during a two week post-treatment period under the same conditions. MZ-2 (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) exhibited the following actions: (1) reduced body weight gain in sedentary obese mice that persisted beyond the treatment period without effect on lean mice; (2) stimulated voluntary running on exercise wheels of both groups of mice; (3) decreased fat content, enhanced bone mineral density (BMD), and decreased serum insulin and glucose levels in obese mice; and (4) MZ-2 (30 mu M) increased BMD in human osteoblast cells (MG-63) comparable to naltrexone, while morphine inhibited mineral nodule formation. Thus, MZ-2 has potential application in the clinical management of obesity, insulin and glucose levels, and the amelioration of osteoporosis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marczak, Ewa D.; Jinsmaa, Yunden; Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Myers, Page H.; Blankenship, Terry] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Vet Med Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wilson, Ralph] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy. [Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Marczak, ED (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Pharmacol Lab, POB 12233,MD C304, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM marczake@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES100472-06, NIH0011846955, Z01 ES090053-20] NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 616 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.041 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 495YT UT WOS:000269933100018 PM 19576206 ER PT J AU Rosal, C Betowski, D Romano, J Neukom, J Wesolowski, D Zintek, L AF Rosal, Charlita Betowski, Don Romano, Joe Neukom, Joshua Wesolowski, Dennis Zintek, Lawrence TI The development and inter-laboratory verification of LC-MS libraries for organic chemicals of environmental concern SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Library; Verification; Transferability; Drinking water ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTRAL LIBRARIES; IONIZATION; DRUGS AB The development, verification, and comparison study between LC-MS libraries for two manufacturers' instruments and a verified protocol are discussed. Compounds in the libraries are among those considered by the U.S. EPA Office of Water as threats to drinking water including pesticides, drugs of abuse, and pharmaceuticals. The LC-MS library protocol was verified through an inter-laboratory study that involved Federal, State, and private laboratories. The results demonstrated that the libraries are transferable between the same manufacturer's product line, and have applicability between manufacturers. Although ion abundance ratios within mass spectra were shown to be different between the manufacturers' instruments, the NIST search engine match probability was at 96% or greater for 64 out of 67 compounds evaluated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Neukom, Joshua; Wesolowski, Dennis; Zintek, Lawrence] US EPA, Reg Chicago Reg Lab 5, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Romano, Joe] Waters Corp, Milford, MA 01757 USA. [Rosal, Charlita; Betowski, Don] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Zintek, L (reprint author), US EPA, Reg Chicago Reg Lab 5, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM zintek.lawrence@epa.gov FU National Homeland Security Research Center FX We would like to thank the following participants in the inter-laboratory validation: Jeff Hardy, Indiana State Chemist; Julia Jiang, Minnesota Department of Public Health; Patricia Schermerhorn, Diane Rains, and Paul Golden, US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs; and Harold Johnson, Gordon Kearney, and Aisling O'Connor, Waters Corporation. We would like to especially thank the US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) National Pesticide Standards Repository for providing many of the standards and the US EPA Office of Water/Water Security Division and Office of Research and Development/National Homeland Security Research Center for financial support. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 BP 810 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.05.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 475GO UT WOS:000268346800038 PM 19576449 ER PT J AU King, LC Hester, SD Warren, SH DeMarini, DM AF King, Leon C. Hester, Susan D. Warren, Sarah H. DeMarini, David M. TI Induction of abasic sites by the drinking-water mutagen MX in Salmonella TA100 SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE MX; Mutagenicity; DNA damage; DNA adducts; Abasic sites ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; FIELD ANALYSIS COMFA; CALF THYMUS DNA; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE MX; MUTATION SPECTRA; EXPRESSION; DAMAGE; CELLS AB Mutagen X (MX) is a chlorinated furanone that accounts for more of the mutagenic activity of drinking water than any other disinfection by-product. It is one of the most potent base-substitution mutagens in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay, producing primarily GC to TA mutations in TA100. MX does not produce stable DNA adducts in cellular or acellular DNA. However, theoretical calculations predict that it might induce abasic sites, which it does in supercoiled plasmid DNA but not in rodents. To investigate the ability of MX to induce abasic sites in cellular DNA, we used an aldehydic site assay to detect abasic sites in DNA from Salmonella TA100 cells treated for 1.5 h with MX. At 0. 2.3, and 4.6 mu M, MX induced mutant frequencies (revertants/10(6) survivors) and percent survivals of 2 (100%), 14.9 (111%), and 59.3 (45%). respectively. The frequencies of abasic sites (sites/10(5) nucleotides) for the control and two concentrations were 5.9, 6.2, and 9.7, respectively, with the frequency at the highest concentration being significant (P<0.001). These results provide some evidence for the ability of MX to induce abasic sites in cellular DNA. However, the lack of a dose response makes it unclear whether this DNA damage underlies the mutagenic activity of MX. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd C1 [King, Leon C.; Hester, Susan D.; Warren, Sarah H.; DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov FU National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Jeffrey Ross, Larry Claxton, and Barbara Collins for helpful comments on this manuscript. This manuscript was reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 180 IS 3 BP 340 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.016 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 471SA UT WOS:000268077400002 PM 19539801 ER PT J AU Grover, A Gorman, K Dall, TM Jonas, R Lytle, B Shemin, R Wood, D Kron, I AF Grover, Atul Gorman, Karyn Dall, Timothy M. Jonas, Richard Lytle, Bruce Shemin, Richard Wood, Douglas Kron, Irving TI Shortage of Cardiothoracic Surgeons Is Likely by 2020 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE economics; surgery; technology; workforce ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER; OPERATIVE MORTALITY; THORACIC-SURGERY; RISK; CARDIOLOGISTS; TRENDS; WORKFORCE; RESECTION; OUTCOMES AB Background-Even as the burden of cardiovascular disease in the United States is increasing as the population grows and ages, the number of active cardiothoracic surgeons has fallen for the first time in 20 years. Meanwhile, the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease continues to evolve amid uncertain changes in technology. This study evaluates current and future requirements for cardiothoracic surgeons in light of decreasing rates of coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Methods and Results-Projections of supply and demand for cardiothoracic surgeons are based on analysis of population, physician office, hospital, and physician data sets to estimate current patterns of healthcare use and delivery. Using a simulation model, we project the future supply of cardiothoracic surgeons under alternative assumptions about the number of new fellows trained each year. Future demand is modeled, taking into account patient demographics, under current and alternative use rates that include the elimination of open revascularization. By 2025, the demand for cardiothoracic surgeons could increase by 46% on the basis of population growth and aging if current healthcare use and service delivery patterns continue. Even with complete elimination of coronary artery bypass grafting, there is a projected shortfall of cardiothoracic surgeons because the active supply is projected to decrease 21% over the same time period as a result of retirement and declining entrants. Conclusion-The United States is facing a shortage of cardiothoracic surgeons within the next 10 years, which could diminish quality of care if non-board-certified physicians expand their role in cardiothoracic surgery or if patients must delay appropriate care because of a shortage of well-trained surgeons. (Circulation. 2009;120:488-494.) C1 [Gorman, Karyn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dall, Timothy M.] Lewin Grp Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. [Jonas, Richard] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Lytle, Bruce] Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Shemin, Richard] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wood, Douglas] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kron, Irving] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Grover, A (reprint author), Assoc Amer Med Coll, 2450 N St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM agrover@aamc.org OI Dall, Timothy/0000-0001-5106-9401 FU American Association for Thoracic Surgery; Society of Thoracic Surgeons FX This work was supported by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 120 IS 6 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.776278 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 481LT UT WOS:000268813300005 PM 19635974 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE AF Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. TI Epoxying Isoprene Chemistry SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PHOTOOXIDATION; OZONE C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5941 BP 687 EP 688 DI 10.1126/science.1178324 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480HF UT WOS:000268723700027 PM 19661409 ER PT J AU Hu, YT Napelenok, SL Odman, MT Russell, AG AF Hu, Yongtao Napelenok, Sergey L. Odman, M. Talat Russell, Armistead G. TI Sensitivity of inverse estimation of 2004 elemental carbon emissions inventory in the United States to the choice of observational networks SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODEL; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; AEROSOL; OZONE; MASS; CMAQ AB Choice of observational networks for inverse re-estimation of elemental carbon (EC) emissions in the United States impacts results. We convert the Thermal Optical Transmittance (TOT) EC measurements to the Thermal Optical Reflectance (TOR) equivalents to make full utilization of available networks in inverse modeling of EC using regional air quality model. Results show that using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network gives significantly lower emissions estimate compared to using the Speciation Trends Network (STN) and other networks or using all available networks together. The re-estimate obtained by using IMPROVE sites alone made overall model performance worse compared to the bottom-up estimate of EC emissions, while both re-estimates, using STN (and others) sites and using all sites together, significantly improved the performance, showing higher robustness. Further analysis suggests that site density with respect to geographical location (downwind of source) impacts the robustness of a network's inverse re-estimate. Citation: Hu, Y., S. L. Napelenok, M. T. Odman, and A. G. Russell (2009), Sensitivity of inverse estimation of 2004 elemental carbon emissions inventory in the United States to the choice of observational networks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15806, doi:10.1029/2009GL039655. C1 [Hu, Yongtao; Odman, M. Talat; Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Napelenok, Sergey L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hu, YT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yh29@mail.gatech.edu RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R-82897601, RD83096001, RD83107601, RD83215901]; Georgia Power FX This work was funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under grants R-82897601, RD83096001, RD83107601 and RD83215901 and by Georgia Power. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L15806 DI 10.1029/2009GL039655 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481NW UT WOS:000268819400010 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Lu, ML Tang, MS Van Houten, B Ross, JBA Weinfeld, M Le, XC AF Wang, Hailin Lu, Meiling Tang, Moon-Shong Van Houten, Bennett Ross, J. B. Alexander Weinfeld, Michael Le, X. Chris TI DNA wrapping is required for DNA damage recognition in the Escherichia coli DNA nucleotide excision repair pathway SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; laser induced fluorescence polarization; Bacillus caldotenax; fluorescence resonance energy transfer ID UVRAB PROTEIN COMPLEX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; (A)BC EXCINUCLEASE; BINDING; RESIDUES; SUBUNITS; IDENTIFICATION; INCISION AB Localized DNA melting may provide a general strategy for recognition of the wide array of chemically and structurally diverse DNA lesions repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. However, it is not clear what causes such DNA melting and how it is driven. Here, we show a DNA wrapping-melting model supported by results from dynamic monitoring of the key DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions involved in the early stages of the Escherichia coli NER process. Using an analytical technique involving capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence polarization, which combines a mobility shift assay with conformational analysis, we demonstrate that DNA wrapping around UvrB, mediated by UvrA, is an early event in the damage-recognition process during E. coli NER. DNA wrapping of UvrB was confirmed by Forster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence lifetime measurements. This wrapping did not occur with readily denaturable damaged DNA substrates ("bubble" DNA), suggesting that DNA wrapping of UvrB plays an important role in the induction of DNA melting around the damage site. Analysis of DNA wrapping of mutant UvrB Y96A further suggests that a cooperative interaction between DNA wrapping of UvrA(2)B and contact of the beta-hairpin of UvrB with the bulky damage moiety may be involved in the local DNA melting at the damage site. C1 [Weinfeld, Michael] Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. [Wang, Hailin; Lu, Meiling; Le, X. Chris] Univ Alberta, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Wang, Hailin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Tang, Moon-Shong] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Van Houten, Bennett] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ross, J. B. Alexander] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ross, J. B. Alexander] Univ Montana, BioSpect Core Res Lab, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Weinfeld, M (reprint author), Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. EM michaelw@cancerboard.ab.ca; xc.le@ualberta.ca RI Wang, Hong/F-3164-2014; Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Wang, Hong/0000-0003-0165-3559; Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Cancer Institute of Canada; Canadian Water Network; Alberta Water Research Institute; Alberta Health and Wellness FX We thank Dr. Oleg Kovalsky (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD) for providing reagents, Dr. Xing-FangLi (University of Alberta) for valuable discussion and suggestions, and Dr. Sue Edelstein (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) for preparing Fig. 5. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the National Cancer Institute of Canada(X.C.L. and M.W.), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Canadian Water Network, Alberta Water Research Institute, and Alberta Health and Wellness (X.C.L.), 973 Project Grant 2008CB417201 (to H.W.), Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 20677066 and 20621703 (to H.W.), National Institutes of Health Grant P20 RR-15583 (to J.B.A.R.), National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0517644 (to J.B.A.R.), and the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Intramural Program (B. V. H.). NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 31 BP 12849 EP 12854 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902281106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 479NT UT WOS:000268667600053 PM 19549864 ER PT J AU Ahlborn, GJ Nelson, GM Grindstaff, RD Waalkes, MP Diwan, BA Allen, JW Kitchin, KT Preston, RJ Hernandez-Zavala, A Adair, B Thomas, DJ Delker, DA AF Ahlborn, Gene J. Nelson, Gail M. Grindstaff, Rachel D. Waalkes, Michael P. Diwan, Bhalchandra A. Allen, James W. Kitchin, Kirk T. Preston, R. Julian Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Adair, Blakely Thomas, David J. Delker, Don A. TI Impact of life stage and duration of exposure on arsenic-induced proliferative lesions and neoplasia in C3H mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Carcinogenesis; Life stage; Age susceptibility; Urinary bladder; C3H mice ID MALE F344 RATS; DRINKING-WATER; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; IN-UTERO; INTERNAL CANCERS; LUNG-CANCER; MOUSE SKIN; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM; MORTALITY AB Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic is associated with cancer of the skin, urinary bladder and lung as well as the kidney and liver. Previous experimental studies have demonstrated increased incidence of liver, lung, ovary, and uterine tumors in mice exposed to 85 ppm (similar to 8 mg/kg) inorganic arsenic during gestation. To further characterize age susceptibility to arsenic carcinogenesis we administered 85 ppm inorganic arsenic in drinking water to C3H mice during gestation, prior to pubescence and post-pubescence to compare proliferative lesion and tumor outcomes over a one-year exposure period. Inorganic arsenic significantly increased the incidence of hyperplasia in urinary bladder (48%) and oviduct (36%) in female mice exposed prior to pubescence (beginning on postnatal day 21 and extending through one year) compared to control mice (19 and 5%, respectively). Arsenic also increased the incidence of hyperplasia in urinary bladder (28%) of female mice continuously exposed to arsenic (beginning on gestation day 8 and extending though one year) compared to gestation only exposed mice (0%). In contrast, inorganic arsenic significantly decreased the incidence of tumors in liver (0%) and adrenal glands (0%) of male mice continuously exposed from gestation through one year, as compared to levels in control (30 and 65%, respectively) and gestation only (33 and 55%, respectively) exposed mice. Together, these results suggest that continuous inorganic arsenic exposure at 85 ppm from gestation through one year increases the incidence and severity of urogenital proliferative lesions in female mice and decreases the incidence of liver and adrenal tumors in male mice. The paradoxical nature of these effects may be related to altered lipid metabolism, the effective dose in each target organ, and/or the shorter one-year observational period. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ahlborn, Gene J.; Nelson, Gail M.; Grindstaff, Rachel D.; Allen, James W.; Kitchin, Kirk T.; Preston, R. Julian; Adair, Blakely; Thomas, David J.; Delker, Don A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahlborn, Gene J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Waalkes, Michael P.] NIEHS, NCI, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Diwan, Bhalchandra A.] SAIC, Basic Res Program, Fredericksburg, MD USA. [Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Delker, DA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, 30 N 1900 E SOM 4R118, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM don.delker@hsc.utah.edu FU NCSU/EPA [CT826512010]; UNC/EPA [282952201]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Cancer Institute FX This research was supported by a NCSU/EPA cooperative grant (Agreement CT826512010) and a UNC/EPA cooperative grant (Agreement 282952201). This research was also supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Sheau-Fung Thai and Dr. Michael Hughes for their comments and assistance in reviewing this paper. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 262 IS 2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.003 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 483DF UT WOS:000268941500003 PM 19450653 ER PT J AU Brown, JS AF Brown, James S. TI Acute Effects of Exposure to Ozone in Humans How Low Can Levels Be and Still Produce Effects? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULMONARY RESPONSES; PPM OZONE; EXERCISE; CHILDREN; ADULTS; ASTHMA; GSTM1; FEV1 C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 180 IS 3 BP 200 EP 201 DI 10.1164/rccm.200906-0834ED PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 479XR UT WOS:000268696000004 PM 19633155 ER PT J AU Mo, JY Xia, YJ Ning, ZX Wade, TJ Mumford, JL AF Mo, Jinyao Xia, Yajuan Ning, Zhixiong Wade, Timothy J. Mumford, Judy L. TI Elevated ERCC1 Gene Expression in Blood Cells Associated with Exposure to Arsenic from Drinking Water in Inner Mongolia SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; ERCC1; DNA repair; drinking water; NER; skin hyperkeratosis ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; IN-VITRO; STRESS; OGG1; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; MECHANISM AB Background: Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with human cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on a DNA nucleotide excision repair gene, ERCC1, expression in human blood cells. Patients and Methods: Water and toenail samples were collected from a total of 327 Inner Mongolian residents for arsenic analysis. Blood samples were collected to determine mRNA expression levels by real-time PCR. Results: The mRNA levels of ERCC1 expression were positively associated with water arsenic concentration (slope=0.313, p=0.0043) and nail arsenic concentration (slope=0.474, p=0.0073). mRNA levels of ERCC1 expression were significantly correlated with those of OGG1, a base pair excision repair gene (r=0.275, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that mRNA levels of ERCC1 expression were significantly associated with arsenic concentrations in drinking water, implicating the DNA repair response was induced by arsenic exposure. C1 [Mo, Jinyao] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Xia, Yajuan] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Ning, Zhixiong] Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Wade, Timothy J.; Mumford, Judy L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), 58C US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.tim@epa.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 8 BP 3253 EP 3259 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 481XQ UT WOS:000268846800054 PM 19661343 ER PT J AU Nissenson, P Packwood, DM Hunt, SW Finlayson-Pitts, BJ Dabdub, D AF Nissenson, Paul Packwood, Daniel M. Hunt, Sherri W. Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. Dabdub, Donald TI Probing the sensitivity of gaseous Br-2 production from the oxidation of aqueous bromide-containing aerosols and atmospheric implications SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Interface chemistry; Bromide oxidation; Sensitivity analysis; Aerosol modeling ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PHASE CHEMICAL MECHANISM; WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; SEA-SALT PARTICLES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; OZONE DESTRUCTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; POLAR SUNRISE; NACL AEROSOLS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTION AB This paper presents a global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the bromine chemistry included in the Model of Aqueous, Gaseous and Interfacial Chemistry (MAGIC) in dark and photolytic conditions. Uncertainty ranges are established for input parameters (e.g. chemical rate constants, Henry's law constants, etc.) and are used in conjunction with Latin hypercube sampling and multiple linear regression to conduct a sensitivity analysis that determines the correlation between each input parameter and model output. The contribution of each input parameter to the uncertainty in the model output is calculated by combining results of the sensitivity analysis with input parameters' uncertainty ranges. Model runs are compared using the predicted concentrations of molecular bromine since Br-2(g) has been shown in previous studies to be generated via an interface reaction between O-3(g) and Br-(surface)(-) during dark conditions [Hunt et al., 2004]. Formation of molecular bromine from the reaction of ozone with deliquesced NaBr aerosol: evidence for interface chemistry. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108, 11559-11572]. This study also examines the influence of an interface reaction between OH(g) and Br-(surface)(-) in the production of Br-2(g) under photolytic conditions where OH(g) is present in significant concentrations. Results indicate that the interface reaction between O-3(g) and Br-(surface)(-) is significant and is most responsible for the uncertainty in MAGICs ability to calculate precisely Br-2(g) under dark conditions. However, under photolytic conditions the majority of Br-2(g) is produced from a complex mechanism involving gas-phase chemistry, aqueous-phase chemistry, and mass transport (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nissenson, Paul; Dabdub, Donald] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Packwood, Daniel M.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Hunt, Sherri W.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Dabdub, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM ddabdub@uci.edu FU United States National Science Foundation [CHE-0431312, ATM-0423804]; New Zealand Tertiary Education Committee Top Achiever Doctoral Scholarship FX The authors thank Lisa Wingen for helping establish uncertainty ranges for some of the input parameters and Jennie Thomas for helping with MAGIC. This work was supported by grants from the United States National Science Foundation (CHE-0431312 and ATM-0423804) and the New Zealand Tertiary Education Committee Top Achiever Doctoral Scholarship. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 43 IS 25 BP 3951 EP 3962 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481ZC UT WOS:000268851600018 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Ryan, SP Touati, A AF Hutson, Nick D. Ryan, Shawn P. Touati, Abderrahmane TI Assessment of PCDD/F and PBDD/F emissions from coal-fired power plants during injection of brominated activated carbon for mercury control SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dioxins; Furans; Brominated activated carbon; Mercury control ID DE-NOVO-SYNTHESIS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS/DIBENZOFURANS; FLY-ASH; ENHANCED FORMATION; DIOXINS; SULFUR; FURANS; SCALE AB The effect of the injection of brominated powdered activated carbon (Br-PAC) on the emission of brominated and chlorinated dioxins and furans in coal combustion flue gas has been evaluated. The sampling campaigns were performed at two U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) demonstration sites where brominated PAC was being injected for control of mercury emissions. The results of the sampling campaigns showed that injection of the brominated PAC upstream of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) did not increase the emissions of total and Toxic EQuivalent (TEQ) chlorinated and brominated dioxin compounds. Rather, the data Suggested the sorbent may capture these compounds and reduce their concentration in the flue gas stream. This effect. when seen, was small, and independent of the type of plant emission controls, temperature at the point of injection, or fuel-chlorine content. The addition of the brominated PAC sorbent resulted in slight increases the total content of chlorinated dioxins and furan in the particulate matter (ash) collected in the ESP, but did not increase its overall toxicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hutson, Nick D.; Ryan, Shawn P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov FU Sorbent Technologies Corp. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the following individuals. Paul Groff, QA manager for EPA/ORD/APPCD provided quality assurance support to the project. Dennis Tabor, an analytical chemist with EPA/ORD/APPCD, reviewed the analytical results. Naomi Goodman, EPRI, gave helpful comments on the QA/ sampling plan. Sid Nelson and the staff at Sorbent Technologies Corp. (Twinsburg, OH) provided much assistance in preparing for these tests and in collecting the solid samples. Finally, the support and cooperation of the host utilities and their personnel is greatly appreciated. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 43 IS 26 BP 3973 EP 3980 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 487PS UT WOS:000269287900001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MD Corton, JC Cattley, RC Herrera, E Bocos, C AF del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria Corton, J. Christopher Cattley, Russell C. Herrera, Emilio Bocos, Carlos TI Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) agonists down-regulate alpha 2-macroglobulin expression by a PPAR alpha-dependent mechanism SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE Pregnancy; PPAR alpha; Fibrates; Acute-phase proteins; alpha 2-Macroglobulin; Rat; Mouse ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GAMMA ACTIVATORS; MESSENGER-RNA; INTERLEUKIN-6; RAT AB Fibrates are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) ligands used to normalize lipid and glucose parameters and exert anti-inflammatory effects. The acute-phase response (APR) is an important inflammatory process. One of the most important acute-phase proteins in rats is alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2Mg). Whereas normal adult rats present low serum levels, pregnant rats display high amounts. Therefore, we used pregnant rats to detect the effect of fenofibrate on hepatic A2Mg expression by RT-PCR and Northern blot. Virgin rats were used as controls. The expression of other APR genes, a known fibrate-responder gene, gamma-chain fibrinogen (gamma-Fib), and one gene from the same family as A2Mg, complement component 3 (C3), were also measured in liver. In order to determine whether the fibrate-effects were mediated by PPAR alpha, wild-type mice and PPAR alpha-null mice were also used and treated with WY-14,643 (WY) or di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Fenofibrate depressed A2Mg expression in virgin rats, but expression was decreased more sharply in pregnant rats. Expression of C3 and gamma-Fib was diminished after treatment only in pregnant rats. On the other hand, WY, but not DEHP, reduced A2Mg and gamma-Fib expression in the livers of wild-type mice, without any effect in PPAR alpha-null mice. WY or DEHP did not affect 0 expression. Therefore, A2Mg expression is modified by PPAR alpha agonists not only in pregnant rats under augmented APR protein synthesis, but also in virgin rats and mice under basal conditions. Interestingly, our results also identify A2Mg as a novel PPAR alpha agonist-regulated gene. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria; Herrera, Emilio; Bocos, Carlos] Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Farm & Med, Madrid 28668, Spain. [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cattley, Russell C.] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Bocos, C (reprint author), Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Farm & Med, Madrid 28668, Spain. EM carbocos@ceu.es RI Herrera, Emilio/D-9143-2012; Bocos, Carlos/B-8460-2015 OI Herrera, Emilio/0000-0002-8152-787X; Bocos, Carlos/0000-0003-0364-5958 FU Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica; Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + i); Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion [PI-06/0352]; Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo-CEU [USP-PC 16/07]; Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain FX The authors would like to thank Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + i), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion (PI-06/0352) as well as the Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo-CEU (USP-PC 16/07) for financial support. M. Carmen Gonzalez was a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain. The authors thank Milagros Morante for her excellent technical assistance, Drs. Sheau-Fung Thai and Mitch Rosen for reviewing the manuscript. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD AUG PY 2009 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1029 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.05.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 477PJ UT WOS:000268530700011 PM 19497347 ER PT J AU Barrier, M Dix, DJ Mirkes, PE AF Barrier, Marianne Dix, David J. Mirkes, Philip E. TI Inducible 70 kDa Heat Shock Proteins Protect Embryos from Teratogen-Induced Exencephaly: Analysis Using Hspa1a/a1b Knockout Mice SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 24-29, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ SP Teratol Soc DE Hsp70; Hspa1a; Hspa1b; Hyperthermia; neural tube defect ID N-TERMINAL KINASE; POSTIMPLANTATION MURINE EMBRYOS; STRESS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70 INHIBITS APOPTOSIS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RAT EMBRYOS; INDUCED ACTIVATION; MOUSE EMBRYOS; CELL-DEATH AB BACKGROUND: It is well known that a variety of teratogens induce neural tube defects in animals; however, less is known about proteins that play a role in protecting embryos from teratogen-induced neural tube defects. Previously, our laboratory has shown that embryos overexpressing the 70-Da heat shock proteins (HSPs) Hspa1a and Hspa1b were partially protected from. the deleterious effects of exposure to hyperthermia in vitro. METHODS: In the present studies, we have used a transgenic mouse in which both of the stress-inducible HSPs Hspa1a and Hspa1b were deleted by homologous recombination. Time-mated Hspa1a/a1b(-/-) (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice were exposed to hyperthermia in vivo on gestational day 8.5. RESULTS: Results show that 52% of the gestational day 15 fetuses from KO litters were exencephalic, whereas only 20% of WT fetuses were affected. In addition, 6% of treated KO fetuses also exhibited eye defects (microphthalmia and anopthalmia), defects not observed in WT fetuses exposed to hyperthermia. Lysotracker red staining and caspase-3 enzyme activity were examined within 10 hours after exposure to hyperthermia, and significantly greater levels of apoptosis and enzyme activity were observed in the KO embryos compared with WT embryos. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that embryos lacking the Hspa1a and Hspa1b genes are significantly more sensitive to hyperthermia-induced neural tube and eye defects, and this increased sensitivity is correlated with increased amounts of apoptosis. Thus, these results also suggest that Hspa1a and Hspa1b play an important role in protecting embryos from hyperthermia-induced congenital defects, possibly by reducing hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:732-740, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Barrier, Marianne; Dix, David J.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barrier, Marianne; Mirkes, Philip E.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Div Genet & Dev, Birth Defects Res Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrier, Marianne; Mirkes, Philip E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Barrier, M (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barrier.marianne@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES07033, R01ES07026, R01ES08744] NR 71 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 85 IS 8 BP 732 EP 740 DI 10.1002/bdra.20610 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 488VC UT WOS:000269377400011 PM 19639652 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Solomon, HM Clark, R Shiota, K Barbellion, S Buschmann, J Ema, M Fujiwara, M Grote, K Hazelden, KP Hew, KW Horimoto, M Ooshima, Y Parkinson, M Wise, LD AF Makris, Susan L. Solomon, Howard M. Clark, Ruth Shiota, Kohei Barbellion, Stephane Buschmann, Jochen Ema, Makoto Fujiwara, Michio Grote, Konstanze Hazelden, Keith P. Hew, Kok Wah Horimoto, Masao Ooshima, Yojiro Parkinson, Meg Wise, L. David TI Terminology of Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals (Version 2) SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE developmental toxicology glossary; developmental toxicology nomenclature; developmental toxicology terminology; external abnormalities; skeletal abnormalities; visceral abnormalities ID RIBS AB This update (Version 2) of the Terminology of Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals (Version 1) by Wise et al. (1997) incorporates improvements and enhancements to both content and organization of the terminology, to enable greater flexibility in its application, while maintaining a consistent approach to the description of findings. The revisions are the result of an international collaboration among interested organizations, advised by individual experts and the outcomes of several workshops. The terminology remains organized into tables under the broad categories of external, visceral, and skeletal observations, following the manner in which data are typically collected and recorded in developmental toxicity studies. This arrangement of the tables, as well as other information provided in appendices, is intended to facilitate the process of specimen evaluation at the laboratory bench level. Only the commonly used laboratory mammals (i.e., rats, mice, rabbits) are addressed in the current terminology tables. The inclusion of other species that are used in developmental toxicity testing, such as primates, is considered outside the scope of the present update. Similarly, categorization of findings as, for example, "malformation" or "variation" remains unaddressed, in accordance with the overall principle that the focus of this document is descriptive terminology and not diagnosis/interpretation. The skeletal terms have been augmented to accommodate cartilage findings. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 86:227-327, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Solomon, Howard M.] GlaxoSmitliKline, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Shiota, Kohei] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Barbellion, Stephane] Sanofi Aventis R&D, Vitry Sur Seine, France. [Buschmann, Jochen] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. [Ema, Makoto] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Fujiwara, Michio] Astellas Pharma Inc, Osaka, Japan. [Grote, Konstanze] Charite, Sch Med, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Hazelden, Keith P.] MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, England. [Hew, Kok Wah] Takeda Global Res & Dev Inc, Lake Forest, IL USA. [Horimoto, Masao] Chiba Inst Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Ooshima, Yojiro] Sin Nippon Biomed Labs Ltd, Kagoshima, Japan. [Parkinson, Meg] GlaxoSmithKline Serv, Hertford, England. [Wise, L. David] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. RP Makris, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM makris.susan@epa.gov NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9733 EI 1542-9741 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 227 EP 327 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20200 PG 101 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 491PX UT WOS:000269592500001 PM 19708059 ER PT J AU Ching, J Brown, M Burian, S Chen, F Cionco, R Hanna, A Hultgren, T McPherson, T Sailor, D Taha, H Williams, D AF Ching, Jason Brown, Michael Burian, Steven Chen, Fei Cionco, Ron Hanna, Adel Hultgren, Torrin McPherson, Timothy Sailor, David Taha, Haider Williams, David TI NATIONAL URBAN DATABASE AND ACCESS PORTAL TOOL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OZONE AIR-QUALITY; CANOPY PARAMETERIZATION; MODELING SYSTEM; MM5; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; IMPACTS; BASIN AB Based on the need for advanced treatments of high-resolution urban morphological features (e. g., buildings and trees) in meteorological, dispersion, air quality, and human-exposure modeling systems for future urban applications, a new project was launched called the National Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT). NUDAPT is sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) and involves collaborations and contributions from many groups, including federal and state agencies, and from private and academic institutions here and in other countries. It is designed to produce and provide gridded fields of urban canopy parameters for various new and advanced descriptions of model physics to improve urban simulations, given the availability of new high-resolution data of buildings, vegetation, and land use. Additional information, including gridded anthropogenic heating (AH) and population data, is incorporated to further improve urban simulations and to encourage and facilitate decision support and application linkages to human exposure models. An important core-design feature is the utilization of Web portal technology to enable NUDAPT to be a "community" based system. This Web-based portal technology will facilitate the customizing of data handling and retrievals (www.nudapt.org). This article provides an overview of NUDAPT and several example applications. C1 [Ching, Jason] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, Michael; McPherson, Timothy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Burian, Steven] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hanna, Adel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hultgren, Torrin] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sailor, David] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Taha, Haider] Altostratus Inc, Martinez, CA USA. [Williams, David] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Ching, J (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MS E243-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ching.jason@epa.gov RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Sailor, David/E-6308-2014; OI Sailor, David/0000-0003-1720-8214; Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1157 EP 1168 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2675.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500AK UT WOS:000270269100009 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, EM Scharold, JV Darling, JA Kelly, JR AF Pilgrim, Erik M. Scharold, Jill V. Darling, John A. Kelly, John R. TI Genetic structure of the benthic amphipod Diporeia (Amphipoda: Pontoporeiidae) and its relationship to abundance in Lake Superior SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DREISSENID MUSSELS; NORTH-AMERICA; MICHIGAN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; WHITEFISH; ALEWIVES; INVASION; ONTARIO; DIET AB The freshwater amphipod Diporeia is a crucial part of the food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but has faced serious declines correlated with the invasion of zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha), except in Lake Superior, which has seen an increase in Diporeia abundance. Speculation on the mechanisms causing changes in Diporeia densities has not included the possibility of evolutionarily distinct lineages of Diporeia within the Great Lakes. In this study, we use cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequence data to investigate the evolutionary history of Lake Superior Diporeia relative to the other Great Lakes and consider potential population structuring within Lake Superior based upon depth or geography. Our analyses reveal that Lake Superior Diporeia represent a distinct lineage that diverged from populations of the other lakes at least several hundred thousand years ago. F statistics show that two localities within Lake Superior were significantly differentiated from all other locales, but analysis of molecular variance did not find significant structure based on depth or geography. Genetic diversity within Lake Superior was not correlated with depth, although abundance was significantly negatively correlated with increasing depth. C1 [Pilgrim, Erik M.; Darling, John A.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Scharold, Jill V.; Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Pilgrim, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pilgrim.erik@epa.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1318 EP 1327 DI 10.1139/F09-086 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800010 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Brazner, JC Danz, NP Pearson, MS Peterson, GS Tanner, DK Taylor, DL West, CW Hollenhorst, TP AF Trebitz, Anett S. Brazner, John C. Danz, Nicholas P. Pearson, Mark S. Peterson, Gregory S. Tanner, Danny K. Taylor, Debra L. West, Corlis W. Hollenhorst, Thomas P. TI Geographic, anthropogenic, and habitat influences on Great Lakes coastal wetland fish assemblages SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DISTURBANCE GRADIENT; LARVAL FISH; COVER; BASIN; PATTERNS AB We analyzed data from coastal wetlands across the Laurentian Great Lakes to identify fish assemblage patterns and relationships to habitat, watershed condition, and regional setting. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of electrofishing catch-per-effort data revealed an overriding geographic and anthropogenic stressor gradient that appeared to structure fish composition via impacts on water clarity and vegetation structure. Wetlands in Lakes Erie and Michigan with agricultural watersheds, turbid water, little submerged vegetation, and a preponderance of generalist, tolerant fishes occupied one end of this gradient, while wetlands in Lake Superior with largely natural watersheds, clear water, abundant submerged vegetation, and diverse fishes occupied the other. Fish composition was also related to wetland morphology, hydrology, exposure, and substrate, but this was only evident within low-disturbance wetlands. Anthropogenic stress appears to homogenize fish composition among wetlands and mask other fish-habitat associations. Because land use is strongly spatially patterned across the Great Lakes and aquatic vegetation is a key habitat element that responds to both biogeography and disturbance, it is difficult to disentangle natural from anthropogenic drivers of coastal wetland fish composition. C1 [Trebitz, Anett S.; Pearson, Mark S.; Peterson, Gregory S.; Tanner, Danny K.; Taylor, Debra L.; West, Corlis W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Brazner, John C.] Inland Waters Inst, Herring Cove, NS B3J 2P8, Canada. [Danz, Nicholas P.; Hollenhorst, Thomas P.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); STAR; Lakes Ecological Indicators consortium; EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge assistance in the field and laboratory by Anne Cotter, Mike Knuth, John Morrice, Mike Sierszen, Jo Thompson, Leroy Anderson, Melissa Bertelson, Jason Carlson, Tim Corry, Rachel Daw, Tara Jernell, Terri Jicha, Jen Kaser, Cory Larson, Amber Seyes, Evan Slocum, Marty Thabes, and Judy Vee. Roger Meyer assisted with GIS analyses. We thank Joel Hoffman and Lucinda Johnson for manuscript reviews; the Bad River Tribe of the Lake Superior Chippewa for permission to sample and for supplementary water quality data; and the many landowners and state agency personnel who helped with wetland access and information. Funding was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) directly and via a STAR grant to the Great Lakes Ecological Indicators consortium. This research was approved for publication after review by EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, but approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 45 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1328 EP 1342 DI 10.1139/F09-089 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800011 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Brazner, JC Pearson, MS Peterson, GS Tanner, DK Taylor, DL AF Trebitz, Anett S. Brazner, John C. Pearson, Mark S. Peterson, Gregory S. Tanner, Danny K. Taylor, Debra L. TI Patterns in habitat and fish assemblages within Great Lakes coastal wetlands and implications for sampling design SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; LARVAL FISH; COVER; INDEX; BASIN; DETERMINANTS; VARIABILITY AB Discerning fish-habitat associations at a variety of spatial scales is relevant to evaluating biotic conditions and stressor responses in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Ordination analyses identified strong, geographically organized associations among anthropogenic stressors and water clarity, vegetation structure, and fish composition at both whole-wetland and within-wetland spatial scales. Lacustrine-protected wetlands were generally internally homogeneous in fish composition, whereas riverine or barrier-beach lagoon wetlands could be more heterogeneous, especially if they had large tributaries and complex morphology or if the mouth area was more directly exposed to the adjacent lake than were other areas. A tendency towards more turbidity-tolerant fish but fewer vegetation spawners, nest guarders, or game and panfish differentiated both more-disturbed from less-disturbed wetlands and open-water from vegetated areas within wetlands. Variation in vegetation structure related to wetland hydromorphology and anthropogenic impacts makes standardizing fish sampling protocols by microhabitat impractical across broad spatial or disturbance gradients. We recommend distributing sampling effort across available microhabitats and show that both fish and habitat can be adequately characterized with a single field day of effort. C1 [Trebitz, Anett S.; Pearson, Mark S.; Peterson, Gregory S.; Tanner, Danny K.; Taylor, Debra L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Brazner, John C.] Inland Waters Inst, Herring Cove, NS B3J 2P8, Canada. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov FU CSC Corporation and Tom Hollenhorst at University of Minnesota - Duluth; Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA); National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge assistance in the field and laboratory by Anne Cotter, Mike Knuth, John Morrice, Mike Sierszen, Jo Thompson, Corlis West, Leroy Anderson, Melissa Bertelson, Jason Carlson, Tim Corry, Rachel Daw, Tara Jernell, Terri Jicha, Jen Kaser, Cory Larson, Amber Seyes, Evan Slocum, Marty Thabes, and Judy Vee. Roger Meyer of CSC Corporation and Tom Hollenhorst at University of Minnesota - Duluth assisted with GIS processing. We thank Jill Scharold and Dan Breneman for manuscript reviews, the Bad River Tribe of the Lake Superior Chippewa for permission to sample and for supplementary water quality data, and the many landowners and state agency personnel who helped with wetland access and information. This research was approved for publication after review by Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, but approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1343 EP 1354 DI 10.1139/F09-090 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800012 ER PT J AU Galluzzi, L Aaronson, SA Abrams, J Alnemri, ES Andrews, DW Baehrecke, EH Bazan, NG Blagosklonny, MV Blomgren, K Borner, C Bredesen, DE Brenner, C Castedo, M Cidlowski, JA Ciechanover, A Cohen, GM De Laurenzi, V De Maria, R Deshmukh, M Dynlacht, BD El-Deiry, WS Flavell, RA Fulda, S Garrido, C Golstein, P Gougeon, ML Green, DR Gronemeyer, H Hajnoczky, G Hardwick, JM Hengartner, MO Ichijo, H Jaattela, M Kepp, O Kimchi, A Klionsky, DJ Knight, RA Kornbluth, S Kumar, S Levine, B Lipton, SA Lugli, E Madeo, F Malorni, W Marine, JCW Martin, SJ Medema, JP Mehlen, P Melino, G Moll, UM Morselli, E Nagata, S Nicholson, DW Nicotera, P Nunez, G Oren, M Penninger, J Pervaiz, S Peter, ME Piacentini, M Prehn, JHM Puthalakath, H Rabinovich, GA Rizzuto, R Rodrigues, CMP Rubinsztein, DC Rudel, T Scorrano, L Simon, HU Steller, H Tschopp, J Tsujimoto, Y Vandenabeele, P Vitale, I Vousden, KH Youle, RJ Yuan, J Zhivotovsky, B Kroemer, G AF Galluzzi, L. Aaronson, S. A. Abrams, J. Alnemri, E. S. Andrews, D. W. Baehrecke, E. H. Bazan, N. G. Blagosklonny, M. V. Blomgren, K. Borner, C. Bredesen, D. E. Brenner, C. Castedo, M. Cidlowski, J. A. Ciechanover, A. Cohen, G. M. De Laurenzi, V. De Maria, R. Deshmukh, M. Dynlacht, B. D. El-Deiry, W. S. Flavell, R. A. Fulda, S. Garrido, C. Golstein, P. Gougeon, M-L Green, D. R. Gronemeyer, H. Hajnoczky, G. Hardwick, J. M. Hengartner, M. O. Ichijo, H. Jaattela, M. Kepp, O. Kimchi, A. Klionsky, D. J. Knight, R. A. Kornbluth, S. Kumar, S. Levine, B. Lipton, S. A. Lugli, E. Madeo, F. Malorni, W. Marine, J-C W. Martin, S. J. Medema, J. P. Mehlen, P. Melino, G. Moll, U. M. Morselli, E. Nagata, S. Nicholson, D. W. Nicotera, P. Nunez, G. Oren, M. Penninger, J. Pervaiz, S. Peter, M. E. Piacentini, M. Prehn, J. H. M. Puthalakath, H. Rabinovich, G. A. Rizzuto, R. Rodrigues, C. M. P. Rubinsztein, D. C. Rudel, T. Scorrano, L. Simon, H-U Steller, H. Tschopp, J. Tsujimoto, Y. Vandenabeele, P. Vitale, I. Vousden, K. H. Youle, R. J. Yuan, J. Zhivotovsky, B. Kroemer, G. TI Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring cell death in higher eukaryotes SO CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Review DE apoptosis; caspases; cytofluorometry; immunofluorescence microscopy; mitotic catastrophe; necrosis ID MITOCHONDRIAL-MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; INDUCED THYMOCYTE APOPTOSIS; CYTOCHROME-C; CANCER-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; NUCLEAR-DNA; AUTOPHAGY; DROSOPHILA; RELEASE AB Cell death is essential for a plethora of physiological processes, and its deregulation characterizes numerous human diseases. Thus, the in-depth investigation of cell death and its mechanisms constitutes a formidable challenge for fundamental and applied biomedical research, and has tremendous implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to standardize the experimental procedures that identify dying and dead cells in cell cultures and/or in tissues, from model organisms and/or humans, in healthy and/or pathological scenarios. Thus far, dozens of methods have been proposed to quantify cell death-related parameters. However, no guidelines exist regarding their use and interpretation, and nobody has thoroughly annotated the experimental settings for which each of these techniques is most appropriate. Here, we provide a nonexhaustive comparison of methods to detect cell death with apoptotic or nonapoptotic morphologies, their advantages and pitfalls. These guidelines are intended for investigators who study cell death, as well as for reviewers who need to constructively critique scientific reports that deal with cellular demise. Given the difficulties in determining the exact number of cells that have passed the point-of-no-return of the signaling cascades leading to cell death, we emphasize the importance of performing multiple, methodologically unrelated assays to quantify dying and dead cells. Cell Death and Differentiation (2009) 16, 1093-1107; doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.44; published online 17 April 2009 C1 [Galluzzi, L.; Castedo, M.; Kepp, O.; Morselli, E.; Vitale, I.; Kroemer, G.] Inst Gustave Roussy, INSERM, U848, F-94805 Villejuif, France. [Galluzzi, L.; Castedo, M.; Kepp, O.; Morselli, E.; Vitale, I.; Kroemer, G.] Univ Paris 11, F-94805 Villejuif, France. [Aaronson, S. A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Oncol Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Abrams, J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Cell Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Andrews, D. W.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Kimmel Canc Inst, Ctr Apoptosis Res, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Andrews, D. W.] McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. [Baehrecke, E. H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Bazan, N. G.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Neurosci Ctr Excellence, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Blagosklonny, M. V.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Blomgren, K.] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Ctr Brain Repair & Rehabil, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Blomgren, K.] Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Oncol, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Borner, C.] Univ Freiburg, Inst Mol Med & Cell Res ZBMZ, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Bredesen, D. E.] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Bredesen, D. E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Brenner, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, F-78035 Versailles, France. [Brenner, C.] CNRS, UMR8159, F-78035 Versailles, France. [Cidlowski, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Duhram, NC 27709 USA. [Ciechanover, A.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Rappaport Fac Med, Vasc & Tumor Biol Res Ctr, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. [Cohen, G. M.; Melino, G.; Nicotera, P.] Univ Leicester, Toxicol Unit, MRC, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. [De Laurenzi, V.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Dipartimento Sci Biomed, I-66100 Chieti, Italy. [De Maria, R.] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [De Maria, R.] Mediterranean Inst Oncol, I-95030 Catania, Italy. [Deshmukh, M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Ctr Neurosci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dynlacht, B. D.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [El-Deiry, W. S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Flavell, R. A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Flavell, R. A.; Levine, B.; Steller, H.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Fulda, S.] Univ Childrens Hosp, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. [Garrido, C.] INSERM, UMR866, F-21049 Dijon, France. [Garrido, C.] Univ Burgundy, Fac Med & Pharm, F-21049 Dijon, France. [Golstein, P.] INSERM, U631, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Golstein, P.] CNRS, UMR6102, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Golstein, P.] Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Immunol Marseille Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Gougeon, M-L] Inst Pasteur, Antiviral Immun Biotherapy & Vaccine Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. [Green, D. R.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Immunol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Gronemeyer, H.] Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, Dept Canc Biol, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Gronemeyer, H.] CNRS, UMR7104, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Gronemeyer, H.] INSERM, U964, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Hajnoczky, G.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pathol Anat & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Hardwick, J. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hengartner, M. O.] Univ Zurich, Inst Mol Biol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ichijo, H.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Jaattela, M.] Inst Canc Biol, Dept Apoptosis, Danish Canc Soc, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kimchi, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Klionsky, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Inst Life Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Klionsky, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol & Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Knight, R. A.] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. [Kornbluth, S.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Kumar, S.] Ctr Canc Biol, Hanson Inst, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Levine, B.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Lipton, S. A.] Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lipton, S. A.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lipton, S. A.] Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lipton, S. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lugli, E.] NIAID, Immunotechnol Sect, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Madeo, F.] Graz Univ, Inst Mol Biosci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Malorni, W.] Ist Super Sanita, Sect Cell Aging & Degenerat, Dept Therapeut Res & Med Evaluat, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Marine, J-C W.] Univ Ghent VIB, Lab Mol Canc Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Marine, J-C W.; Vandenabeele, P.] Univ Ghent, Dept Mol Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Martin, S. J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Genet, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Medema, J. P.] Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Expt & Mol Med, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Medema, J. P.] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 ZA Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Mehlen, P.] Ctr Leon Berard, Apoptosis Canc & Dev Lab, F-69008 Lyon, France. [Mehlen, P.] CNRS, UMR5238, F-69008 Lyon, France. [Mehlen, P.] Univ Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France. [Melino, G.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Biochem Sci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Moll, U. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Moll, U. M.] Gottingen Ctr Mol Biosci, Dept Mol Oncol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Moll, U. M.] Univ Gottingen, Fac Med, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Chem, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Nicholson, D. W.] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. [Nunez, G.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Oren, M.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Cell Biol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Penninger, J.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biotechnol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Pervaiz, S.] Natl Univ Singapore, Grad Sch Integrat Sci & Engn, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Singapore 117597, Singapore. [Pervaiz, S.] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore MIT Alliance, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Pervaiz, S.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore 169547, Singapore. [Peter, M. E.] Univ Chicago, Ben May Dept Canc Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Piacentini, M.] Natl Inst Infect Dis IRCCS L Spallanzani, Cell Biol Lab, I-00149 Rome, Italy. [Piacentini, M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Biol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Prehn, J. H. M.] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Physiol & Med Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Puthalakath, H.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Rabinovich, G. A.] IBYME CONICET, Inst Biol & Med Expt, Lab Inmunopatol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rizzuto, R.] Univ Padua, Dept Biomed Sci, I-35121 Padua, Italy. [Rodrigues, C. M. P.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, iMed UL, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Rubinsztein, D. C.] Cambridge Inst Med Res, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. [Rudel, T.] Univ Wurzburg, Bioctr, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Scorrano, L.] Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Cell Physiol & Metab, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Scorrano, L.] Venetian Inst Mol Med, Dulbecco Telethon Inst, I-35129 Padua, Italy. [Simon, H-U] Univ Bern, Dept Pharmacol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. [Steller, H.] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Apoptosis & Canc Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Tschopp, J.] Univ Lausanne, Dept Biochem, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. [Tsujimoto, Y.] Osaka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Vandenabeele, P.] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Mol Biomed Res, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Vousden, K. H.] Beatson Inst Canc Res, Glasgow G61 1BD, Lanark, Scotland. [Youle, R. J.] NINDS, Biochem Sect, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yuan, J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zhivotovsky, B.] Karolinska Inst, Div Toxicol, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Kroemer, G (reprint author), Inst Gustave Roussy, INSERM, U848, PR1,39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France. EM kroemer@orange.fr RI iMed.ULisboa, iMed.ULisboa/C-6292-2014; Pervaiz, Shazib/C-4188-2015; Malorni, Walter/G-5874-2016; Marine, Jean-Christophe/K-3292-2016; Piacentini, Mauro/I-2411-2016; iMed.ULisboa, CellFun /A-4244-2014; Gronemeyer, Hinrich/H-7002-2016; Vandenabeele, Peter/C-8597-2009; Puthalakath, Hamsa/B-8541-2011; Rubinsztein, David/C-3472-2011; Fulda, Simone/D-5864-2011; Hengartner, Michael/E-6235-2011; Gronemeyer, Hinrich/G-6240-2011; Prehn, Jochen/A-3928-2010; Galluzzi, Lorenzo/K-2709-2012; Kroemer, Guido/B-4263-2013; Penninger, Josef/I-6860-2013; Rodrigues, Cecilia/M-3572-2013; Scorrano, Luca/A-6652-2008; Golstein, Pierre/A-4954-2014; OI Marine, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-2433-9837; Piacentini, Mauro/0000-0003-2919-1296; Gronemeyer, Hinrich/0000-0001-9454-2449; VITALE, ILIO/0000-0002-5918-1841; malorni, walter/0000-0002-1223-7000; Hengartner, Michael/0000-0002-7584-596X; Gronemeyer, Hinrich/0000-0001-9454-2449; Prehn, Jochen/0000-0003-3479-7794; Galluzzi, Lorenzo/0000-0003-2257-8500; Penninger, Josef/0000-0002-8194-3777; Rodrigues, Cecilia/0000-0002-4829-754X; Scorrano, Luca/0000-0002-8515-8928; Golstein, Pierre/0000-0003-1750-3483; Simon, Hans-Uwe/0000-0002-9404-7736; Zhivotovsky, Boris/0000-0002-2238-3482; Andrews, David/0000-0002-9266-7157; Blomgren, Klas/0000-0002-0476-7271; Jaattela, Marja/0000-0001-5950-7111; Kumar, Sharad/0000-0001-7126-9814 FU Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (LNC); Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR); Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS); Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Canceropole Ile-de-France; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM); Sidaction (to GK); European Commission; NIH; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); EMBO; ApopTrain; Wellcome Trust; Fondazione Telethon FX We declare no conflicting financial interests. This work was supported by a special grant from Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (LNC), as well as grants by Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Canceropole Ile-de-France, Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM), Sidaction (to GK) and the European Commission (Active p53, Apo-Sys, ApopTrain, DeathTrain, TransDeath, RIGHT). This work was supported by the NIH intramural program. SAA, JA, EA, EHB, NGB, MVB, DEB, JAC, MD, BDD, WSE, RAF, DRG, GH, JMH, DJK, SK, BL, SAL, EL, UMM, GN, MEP, HS, RJY and JY are supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH). HP is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). OK is the recipient of an EMBO Ph. D. fellowship. EM is funded by an ApopTrain Ph. D. student fellowship. DCR is a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Fellow. NR 82 TC 328 Z9 333 U1 8 U2 88 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1350-9047 EI 1476-5403 J9 CELL DEATH DIFFER JI Cell Death Differ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1093 EP 1107 DI 10.1038/cdd.2009.44 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 470BY UT WOS:000267948900004 PM 19373242 ER PT J AU Sweet, WV Morrison, JM Liu, Y Kamykowski, D Schaeffer, BA Xie, L Banks, S AF Sweet, W. V. Morrison, J. M. Liu, Y. Kamykowski, D. Schaeffer, B. A. Xie, L. Banks, S. TI Tropical instability wave interactions within the Galapagos Archipelago SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Tropical instability waves; Upwelling; Eastern equatorial pacific; Galapagos; Chlorophyll ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; EL-NINO; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; VERTICAL COORDINATE; PHYTOPLANKTON; SATELLITE; IRON AB The effects of tropical instability waves (TIW) within the eastern equatorial Pacific during the boreal fall of 2005 were observed in multiple data sets. The TIW cause oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST), meridional currents (V), and 20 degrees C isotherm (thermocline). A particularly strong 3-wave packet of similar to 15-day period TIW passed through the Galapagos Archipelago in Sep and Oct 2005 and their effects were recorded by moored near-surface sensors. Repeat Argo profiles in the archipelago showed that the large temperature ( > 5 degrees C) oscillations that occurred were associated with a vertical adjustment within the water column. Numerical simulations report strong oscillations and upwelling magnitudes of similar to 5.0 m d(-1) near the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy at 0 degrees, 95 degrees W and in the Archipelago at 92 degrees W and 90 degrees W. A significant biological response to the TIW passage was observed within the archipelago. Chlorophyll a measured by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) increased by > 30% above 1998-2007 mean concentrations within the central archipelago. The increases coincide with coldest temperatures and the much larger increases within the archipelago as compared to those of 95 degrees W indicate that TIW induced upwelling over the island platform itself brought more iron-enriched upwelling waters into the euphotic zone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sweet, W. V.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Morrison, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Liu, Y.; Kamykowski, D.; Xie, L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schaeffer, B. A.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Banks, S.] Charles Darwin Res Stn, Galapagos Isl, Ecuador. RP Sweet, WV (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM William.Sweet@noaa.gov RI Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011 OI Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370 FU NASA's Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting [NNG04GL98G]; Counterpart US-AID [518-A-00-03-00152-00]; UK Darwin Initiative [14-048] FX This project was supported by NASA's Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Grant NNG04GL98G, Counterpart US-AID no. 518-A-00-03-00152-00 to the Charles Darwin Research Station and UK Darwin Initiative Project no. 14-048. We would like to thank the Galdpagos National Park (GNP) Marine Resources Head Mario Piu, the GNP Science Coordinator Eduardo Espinoza, the GNP Science Consultant Godfrey Merlen, the captain and crew of the MIN Sierra Negra, and the scientific dive team from CDRS, Marianna Vera, Marco Tosca, Julio Delgado, Natalia Tirado, Roberto Pepolas, and Diego Ruiz. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1217 EP 1229 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.02.005 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 471WJ UT WOS:000268088700002 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Sonawane, B Grafstrom, RC AF Thompson, Chad M. Sonawane, Babasaheb Grafstrom, Roland C. TI The Ontogeny, Distribution, and Regulation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3: Implications for Pulmonary Physiology SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Review ID CLASS-III ALCOHOL; DEPENDENT FORMALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; MESSENGER-RNAS; RETINOIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; CHILDRENS HEALTH; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3), also termed formaldehyde dehydrogenase or S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, plays a critical role in the enzymatic oxidation of formaldehyde and reduction of nitrosothiols that regulate bronchial tone. Considering reported associations between formaldehyde vapor exposure and childhood asthma risk, and thus potential involvement of ADH3, we reviewed the ontogeny, distribution, and regulation of mammalian ADH3. Recent studies indicate that multiple biological and chemical stimuli influence expression and activity of ADH3, including the feedback regulation of nitrosothiol metabolism. The levels of ADH3 correlate with, and potentially influence, bronchial tone; however, data gaps remain with respect to the expression of ADH3 during postnatal and early childhood development. Consideration of ADH3 function relative to the respiratory effects of formaldehyde, as well as to other chemical and biological exposures that might act in an additive or synergistic manner with formaldehyde, might be critical to gain better insight into the association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma. C1 [Thompson, Chad M.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Grafstrom, Roland C.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grafstrom, Roland C.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Turku, Finland. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), ToxStrategies Inc, 2910 Commercial Ctr Blvd,Suite 103 205, Katy, TX 77494 USA. EM cthompson@toxstrategies.com RI Grafstrom, Roland/N-7217-2016 NR 102 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1565 EP 1571 DI 10.1124/dmd.109.027904 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 471ZN UT WOS:000268097300001 PM 19460944 ER PT J AU Adair, BM Hughes, MF AF Adair, Blakely M. Hughes, Michael F. TI Role of Metabolism in Arsenic-induced Toxicity: Identification and Quantification of Arsenic Metabolites in Tissues and Excreta SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Asian Pacific Regional Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 10-12, 2009 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Adair, Blakely M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Hughes, Michael F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 MA 10 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490FE UT WOS:000269483300011 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K AF Kitchin, Kirk Thomas Wallace, Kathleen TI Mode(s) of Action of Arsenic-induced Tumors and Toxicity SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Asian Pacific Regional Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 10-12, 2009 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Kitchin, Kirk Thomas; Wallace, Kathleen] US EPA, Dept Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 MA 12 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490FE UT WOS:000269483300013 ER PT J AU Noyes, PD McElwee, MK Miller, HD Clark, BW Van Tiem, LA Walcott, KC Erwin, KN Levin, ED AF Noyes, Pamela D. McElwee, Matthew K. Miller, Hilary D. Clark, Bryan W. Van Tiem, Lindsey A. Walcott, Kia C. Erwin, Kyle N. Levin, Edward D. TI The toxicology of climate change: Environmental contaminants in a warming world SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Air pollution; Climate change; Global warming; Multiple stressors; Ozone; Particulate matter; Persistent organic pollutant; Pesticide; Precipitation; Salinity; Temperature; Toxicokinetics ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; US NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SEALS PHOCA-CASPICA; HUMAN HEALTH; GLOBAL CLIMATE; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AB Climate change induced by anthropogenic warming of the earth's atmosphere is a daunting problem. This review examines one of the consequences of climate change that has only recently attracted attention: namely, the effects of climate change on the environmental distribution and toxicity of chemical pollutants. A review was undertaken of the scientific literature (original research articles, reviews, government and intergovernmental reports) focusing on the interactions of toxicants with the environmental parameters, temperature, precipitation, and salinity, as altered by climate change. Three broad classes of chemical toxicants of global significance were the focus: air pollutants, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including some organochlorine pesticides, and other classes of pesticides. Generally, increases in temperature will enhance the toxicity of contaminants and increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone regionally, but will also likely increase rates of chemical degradation. While further research is needed, climate change coupled with air pollutant exposures may have potentially serious adverse consequences for human health in urban and polluted regions. Climate change producing alterations in: food webs, lipid dynamics. ice and snow melt, and organic carbon cycling could result in increased POP levels in water, soil, and biota. There is also compelling evidence that increasing temperatures could be deleterious to pollutant-exposed wildlife. For example, elevated water temperatures may alter the biotransformation of contaminants to more bioactive metabolites and impair homeostasis. The complex interactions between climate change and pollutants may be particularly problematic for species living at the edge of their physiological tolerance range where acclimation capacity may be limited. In addition to temperature increases, regional precipitation patterns are projected to be altered with climate change. Regions subject to decreases in precipitation may experience enhanced volatilization of POPs and pesticides to the atmosphere. Reduced precipitation will also increase air pollution in urbanized regions resulting in negative health effects, which may be exacerbated by temperature increases. Regions subject to increased precipitation will have lower levels of air pollution, but will likely experience enhanced surface deposition of airborne POPs and increased run-off of pesticides. Moreover, increases in the intensity and frequency of storm events linked to climate change could lead to more severe episodes of chemical contamination of water bodies and surrounding watersheds. Changes in salinity may affect aquatic organisms as an independent stressor as well as by altering the bioavailability and in some instances increasing the toxicity of chemicals. A paramount issue will be to identify species and populations especially vulnerable to climate-pollutant interactions, in the context of the many other physical, chemical, and biological stressors that will be altered with climate change. Moreover, it will be important to predict tipping points that might trigger or accelerate synergistic interactions between climate change and contaminant exposures, (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Noyes, Pamela D.; McElwee, Matthew K.; Miller, Hilary D.; Clark, Bryan W.; Van Tiem, Lindsey A.; Walcott, Kia C.; Erwin, Kyle N.; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol & Environm Hlth Program, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Noyes, Pamela D.; McElwee, Matthew K.; Miller, Hilary D.; Clark, Bryan W.; Van Tiem, Lindsey A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McElwee, Matthew K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Levin, ED (reprint author), Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol & Environm Hlth Program, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM edlevin@duke.edu FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This review is supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors would also like to give special thanks to Dr. Windy Boyd, Dr. Christopher Portier. and Dr. Heather Stapleton for their assistance. NR 172 TC 255 Z9 264 U1 36 U2 350 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 6 BP 971 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2009.02.006 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463FM UT WOS:000267415500020 PM 19375165 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Fenton, SE Dorea, JG AF LaKind, Judy S. Fenton, Suzanne E. Dorea, Jose G. TI Human milk biomonitoring of phthalates: Expanding our understanding of infant exposure is compatible with supporting breastfeeding SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter DE Biomonitoring; Environmental chemicals; Breastfeeding; Human milk; Risk communication ID METABOLITES; URINE; SERUM C1 [LaKind, Judy S.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. [Fenton, Suzanne E.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dorea, Jose G.] Univ Brasilia, Fac Hlth Sci, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD USA. EM lakindassoc@comacst.net FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA ES102785-01] NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 6 BP 994 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2009.03.013 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463FM UT WOS:000267415500022 PM 19395085 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM AF DeMarini, D. M. TI EMS and Government Scientists: A Symbiosis SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400004 ER PT J AU Drake, JW AF Drake, J. W. TI Mechanisms of Induction of Multiple Mutations by DNA Polymerases SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Drake, J. W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400014 ER PT J AU Bishop, JB Wassom, JS AF Bishop, J. B. Wassom, J. S. TI The Next 50 Years in Germ Cell Mutagenesis Research SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Bishop, J. B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wassom, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400019 ER PT J AU Sonawane, B Guyton, KZ Johns, D Ginsberg, G AF Sonawane, B. Guyton, K. Z. Johns, D. Ginsberg, G. TI Role of Genetic Polymorphism in Metabolism of Drugs and Environmental Agents in Disease and in Health Risk Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Sonawane, B.; Guyton, K. Z.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Johns, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ginsberg, G.] State Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400023 ER PT J AU Mortensen, H AF Mortensen, H. TI Genetic Variation at the N-acetyltransferase (NAT) Genes in Global Populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Mortensen, H.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 539 EP 539 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400026 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Sonawane, B Guyton, K Johns, D AF Ginsberg, G. Sonawane, B. Guyton, K. Johns, D. TI Genetic Polymorphisms and Population Distribution: Phase I and Phase II Xenobiotic Enzymes: Implications of Health Assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Ginsberg, G.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hatford, CT USA. [Sonawane, B.; Guyton, K.; Johns, D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 540 EP 540 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400028 ER PT J AU Richard, AM AF Richard, A. M. TI Chemical and Biological Profiling Approaches for Exploring Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of EPA ToxCast (TM) Chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Richard, A. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 542 EP 542 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400036 ER PT J AU Jarabek, AM AF Jarabek, A. M. TI Creating Context for the Use of DNA Adduct Data in Risk Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Jarabek, A. M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 555 EP 555 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400084 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R AF Schoeny, R. TI Regulatory Views on Use of DNA Adduct Data in Risk Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Schoeny, R.] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 556 EP 556 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400088 ER PT J AU Elespuru, RK Agarwal, R Atrakchi, A Bigger, CAH Heflich, RH Jagannath, DR Levy, DD Moore, MM Ouyang, Y Robison, TW Cimino, MC Dearfield, KL AF Elespuru, R. K. Agarwal, R. Atrakchi, A. Bigger, C. A. H. Heflich, R. H. Jagannath, D. R. Levy, D. D. Moore, M. M. Ouyang, Y. Robison, T. W. Cimino, M. C. Dearfield, K. L. TI Future Application of Genetic Toxicity Assays SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Elespuru, R. K.] FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Agarwal, R.; Atrakchi, A.; Bigger, C. A. H.; Ouyang, Y.; Robison, T. W.] FDA Ctr Drugs, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Heflich, R. H.; Moore, M. M.] FDA Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. [Jagannath, D. R.] FDA Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD USA. [Levy, D. D.] FDA Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Cimino, M. C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dearfield, K. L.] US DA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 563 EP 563 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400114 ER PT J AU Swartz, CD Recio, L Green, A Lentz, C Witt, KL AF Swartz, C. D. Recio, L. Green, A. Lentz, C. Witt, K. L. TI Lack of Genotoxicity of Three Different Preparations of Aloe Barbadensis by the Salmonella/E. coli Mutagenicity (Ames) Assay SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Swartz, C. D.; Recio, L.; Green, A.; Lentz, C.] Integrated Syst Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Witt, K. L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400127 ER PT J AU Vulimiri, SV Sonawane, B AF Vulimiri, S. V. Sonawane, B. TI Metabolomics in Risk Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Vulimiri, S. V.; Sonawane, B.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400159 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Bagley, MJ Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Bagley, Mark J. Coates, Brad S. Hellmich, Richard L. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Spatial and Temporal Genetic Analyses Show High Gene Flow Among European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Populations Across the Central US Corn Belt SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ostrinia nubilalis; population genetics; gene flow; dispersal; microsatellites ID NUBILALIS HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; GRAIN AGGREGATION PLOTS; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; BT-MAIZE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; FRENCH POPULATIONS; PHEROMONE STRAINS AB European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), adults were sampled at 13 sites along two perpendicular 720-km transects intersecting in central Iowa and for the following two generations at four of the same sites separated by 240 km in the cardinal directions. More than 50 moths from each sample location and time were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Spatial analyses indicated that there is no spatial genetic structuring between European corn borer populations sampled 720 km apart at the extremes of the transects and no pattern of genetic isolation by distance at that geographic scale. Although these results suggest high gene flow over the spatial scale tested, it is possible that populations have not had time to diverge since the central Corn Belt was invaded by this insect approximate to 60 yr ago. However, temporal analyses of genetic changes in single locations overtime suggest that the rate of migration is indeed very high. The results of this study suggest that the geographic dimensions of European corn borer populations are quite large, indicating that monitoring for resistance to transgenic Bt corn at widely separated distances is justified, at least in the central Corn Belt. High gene flow further implies that resistance to Bt corn may be slow to evolve, but once it does develop, it may spread geographically with such speed that mitigation strategies will have to be implemented quickly to be effective. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bagley, Mark J.] US EPA, NERL, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES NRI [2005-35302-16119] FX We thank R. Ritland, B. Reardon, S. Danzer, M. Dilks, J. Gibson, G. Heitoff, A. Kronback, B. Larson, and N. Passalano for technical assistance with the collections; J. Gibson, L. Fraser and M. Minner for technical assistance in the laboratory; and N. Miller and U. Stolz for helpful comments during the course of the project. This project was supported in part by USDA-CSREES NRI Grant 2005-35302-16119. NR 104 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1312 EP 1323 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500043 PM 19689914 ER PT J AU Sheldon, LS Huba, EAC AF Sheldon, Linda S. Huba, Elaine A. Cohen TI Exposure as Part of a Systems Approach for Assessing Risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE computational biology; exposure science; modeling; risk assessment; systems biology ID TOXICITY DATA; FRAMEWORK; CHEMICALS; REACH AB BACKGROUND: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is facing large challenges in managing environmental chemicals with increasingly complex requirements for assessing risk that push the limits of our current approaches. To address some of these challenges, the National Research Council (NRC) developed a new vision for toxicity testing. Although the report focused only on toxicity testing, it recognized that exposure science will play a crucial role in a new risk-based framework. OBJECTIVE: In this commentary we expand on the important role of exposure science in a fully integrated system for risk assessment. We also elaborate on the exposure research needed to achieve this vision. DISCUSSION: Exposure science, when applied in an integrated systems approach for risk assessment, can be used to inform and prioritize toxicity testing, describe risks, and verify the outcomes of testing. Exposure research in several areas will be needed to achieve the NRC vision. For example, models are needed to screen chemicals based on exposure. Exposure, dose-response, and biological pathway models must be developed and linked. Advanced computational approaches are required for dose reconstruction. Monitoring methods are needed that easily measure exposure, internal dose, susceptibility, and biological outcome. Finally, population monitoring studies are needed to interpret toxicity test results in terms of real-world risk. CONCLUSION: This commentary is a call for the exposure community to step up to the challenge by developing a predictive science with the knowledge and tools for moving into the 21st century. C1 [Sheldon, Linda S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Huba, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sheldon, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop D305-01,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sheldon.linda@epa.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1181 EP 1184 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800407 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 478DD UT WOS:000268567100018 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Ye, L Richard, A Golbraikh, A Wright, FA Rusyn, I Tropsha, A AF Zhu, Hao Ye, Lin Richard, Ann Golbraikh, Alexander Wright, Fred A. Rusyn, Ivan Tropsha, Alexander TI A Novel Two-Step Hierarchical Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling Work Flow for Predicting Acute Toxicity of Chemicals in Rodents SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acute toxicity; computational toxicology; IC(50); LD(50); LOAEL; NOAEL; QSAR ID K-NEAREST-NEIGHBOR; AUTOMATED STRUCTURE EVALUATION; VALIDATED QSAR MODELS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; CARCINOGENICITY; SUBSTANCES; TOXICOLOGY; CYTOTOXICITY; SELECTION; PROGRAM AB BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction of in vivo toxicity from in vitro testing is a challenging problem. Large public-private consortia have been formed with the goal of improving chemical safety assessment by the means of high-throughput screening. OBJECTIVE: A wealth of available biological data requires new computational approaches to link chemical structure, in vitro data, and potential adverse health effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: A database containing experimental cytotoxicity values for in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) and in vivo rodent median lethal dose (LD(50)) for more than 300 chemicals was compiled by Zentralstelle zur Erfassung und Bewertung von Ersatz- und Ergaenzungsmethoden zum Tierversuch (ZEBET; National Center for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments). The application of conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling approaches to predict mouse or rat acute LD(50) values from chemical descriptors of ZEBET compounds yielded no statistically significant models. The analysis of these data showed no significant correlation between IC(50) and LD(50). However, a linear IC(50) versus LD(50) correlation could be established for a fraction of compounds. To capitalize on this observation, we developed a novel two-step modeling approach as follows. First, all chemicals are partitioned into two groups based on the relationship between IC(50) and LD(50) values: One group comprises compounds with linear IC(50) versus LD(50) relationships, and another group comprises the remaining compounds. Second, we built conventional binary classification QSAR models to predict the group affiliation based on chemical descriptors only. Third, we developed k-nearest neighbor continuous QSAR models for each subclass to predict LD(50) values from chemical descriptors. All models were extensively validated using special protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The novelty of this modeling approach is that it uses the relationships between in vivo and in vitro data only to inform the initial construction of the hierarchical two-step QSAR models. Models resulting from this approach employ chemical descriptors only for external prediction of acute rodent toxicity. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Ye, Lin; Golbraikh, Alexander; Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Lab Mol Modeling, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wright, Fred A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Tropsha, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Lab Mol Modeling, 327 Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alex_tropsha@unc.edu RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU National Institutes of Health [GM076059, ES005948]; U.S. EPA [RD83272001, RD83382501] FX This work was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM076059 and ES005948) and the U.S. EPA (RD83272001 and RD83382501). NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1257 EP 1264 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800471 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 478DD UT WOS:000268567100030 PM 19672406 ER PT J AU Geller, AM AF Geller, Andrew M. TI Making the Needed Linkages and Economic Case for Continued Lead-Paint Abatement SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTROL GRANT PROGRAM; BLOOD LEAD; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; CUMULATIVE LEAD; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; HAZARDS; STRESS C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geller, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geller.andrew@epa.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 117 IS 8 BP A332 EP A334 DI 10.1289/ehp.13098 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 478DD UT WOS:000268567100001 PM 19672376 ER PT J AU Norton, DJ Wickham, JD Wade, TG Kunert, K Thomas, JV Zeph, P AF Norton, Douglas J. Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Kunert, Kelly Thomas, John V. Zeph, Paul TI A Method for Comparative Analysis of Recovery Potential in Impaired Waters Restoration Planning SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; Indicators; Recovery; Resilience; Restorability; Restoration; Stressors; Total Maximum Daily Load ID RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES; RIVER RESTORATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NEW-ZEALAND; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; QUALITY; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE AB Common decision support tools and a growing body of knowledge about ecological recovery can help inform and guide large state and federal restoration programs affecting thousands of impaired waters. Under the federal Clean Water Act (CWA), waters not meeting state Water Quality Standards due to impairment by pollutants are placed on the CWA Section 303(d) list, scheduled for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development, and ultimately restored. Tens of thousands of 303(d)-listed waters, many with completed TMDLs, represent a restoration workload of many years. State TMDL scheduling and implementation decisions influence the choice of waters and the sequence of restoration. Strategies that compare these waters' recovery potential could optimize the gain of ecological resources by restoring promising sites earlier. We explored ways for states to use recovery potential in restoration priority setting with landscape analysis methods, geographic data, and impaired waters monitoring data. From the literature and practice we identified measurable, recovery-relevant ecological, stressor, and social context metrics and developed a restorability screening approach adaptable to widely different environments and program goals. In this paper we describe the indicators, the methodology, and three statewide, recovery-based targeting and prioritization projects. We also call for refining the scientific basis for estimating recovery potential. C1 [Norton, Douglas J.] US Environm Protect Agcy 4503T, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US Environm Protect Agcy E243 05, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kunert, Kelly] US Environm Protect Agcy 4204M, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Thomas, John V.] US Environm Protect Agcy 1807T, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zeph, Paul] Penn Dept Environm Protect, Off Water Management, Harrisburg, PA 17105 USA. RP Norton, DJ (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy 4503T, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM norton.douglas@epa.gov; wickham.james@epa.gov; wade.timothy@epa.gov; kunert.kelly@epa.gov; thomas.john@epa.gov; pzeph@state.pa.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD) and Office of Water (OW) [68-C-02-108] FX The authors express their appreciation for technical and editorial input from Tommy Dewald, John Goodin, Dean Maraldo, Eric Monschein, John Perrecone, Shera Reems, Tom Wall, Mary White, Lester Yuan, and anonymous reviewers. USEPA Region 3, the Maryland Department of Environment, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection provided much appreciated project collaboration and GIS assistance. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD) and Office of Water (OW) have co-funded and co-performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to USEPA's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. However, publication does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the USEPA. Tetra Tech, Inc. and Research Triangle Institute partially supported this project through USEPA/OW contract 68-C-02-108. NR 95 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 356 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9304-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100014 PM 19452204 ER PT J AU Herlihy, AT Sifneos, J Bason, C Jacobs, A Kentula, ME Fennessy, MS AF Herlihy, Alan T. Sifneos, Jean Bason, Chris Jacobs, Amy Kentula, Mary E. Fennessy, M. Siobhan TI An Approach for Evaluating the Repeatability of Rapid Wetland Assessment Methods: The Effects of Training and Experience SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Rapid assessment; Method precision; Repeatability AB We sampled 92 wetlands from four different basins in the United States to quantify observer repeatability in rapid wetland condition assessment using the Delaware Rapid Assessment Protocol (DERAP). In the Inland Bays basin of Delaware, 58 wetland sites were sampled by multiple observers with varying levels of experience (novice to expert) following a thorough training workshop. In the Nanticoke (Delaware/Maryland), Cuyahoga (Ohio), and John Day (Oregon) basins, 34 wetlands were sampled by two expert teams of observers with minimal protocol training. The variance in observer to observer scoring at each site was used to calculate pooled standard deviations (SD(pool)), coefficients of variation, and signal-to-noise ratios for each survey. The results showed that the experience level of the observer had little impact on the repeatability of the final rapid assessment score. Training, however, had a large impact on observer to observer repeatability. The SD(pool) in the Inland Bay survey with training (2.2 points out of a 0-30 score) was about half that observed in the other three basins where observers had minimal training (SD(pool) = 4.2 points). Using the results from the survey with training, we would expect that two sites assessed by different, trained observers who obtain DERAP scores differing by more than 4 points are highly likely to differ in ecological condition, and that sites with scores that differ by 2 or fewer points are within variability that can be attributed to observer differences. C1 [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sifneos, Jean] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bason, Chris] Delaware Ctr Inland Bays, Rehoboth Beach, DE USA. [Jacobs, Amy] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Dover, DE USA. [Kentula, Mary E.] US EPA, NHEERL WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Fennessy, M. Siobhan] Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. RP Herlihy, AT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alan.herlihy@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [RM-83143501, CR-831682-01]; Kenyon College [X7-83158301-0] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through grant agreement RM-83143501, and cooperative agreements CR-831682-01 with Oregon State University, and X7-83158301-0 with Kenyon College. This article was subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Abby Rokosch and Rick Rheinhardt for leading the NCJ field teams and providing valuable insight on implementing rapid assessment methods. Steve Cline, Mick Micacchion, and Erica Elliot helped with field work and logistics, and Colleen Johnson made the site map figure. We also thank Letitia Grenier for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and Erin McLaughlin for performing assessments in the Inland Bays and helping us improve the DERAP. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9316-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100015 PM 19504150 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. TI Environmental Integrated Assessment via Monte Carlo Simulation with a Case Study of the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Integrated environmental assessment; Aggregated index; Monte Carlo ID UNIT MODEL; INDICATORS; SUSTAINABILITY; FRAMEWORK; VULNERABILITY; AGRICULTURE; SUITABILITY; MANAGEMENT; INDEX AB Environmental integrated assessments are often carried out via the aggregation of a set of environmental indicators. Aggregated indices derived from the same data set can differ substantially depending upon how the indicators are weighted and aggregated, which is often a subjective matter. This article presents a method of generating aggregated environmental indices in an objective manner via Monte Carlo simulation. Rankings derived from the aggregated indices within and between three Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the overall environmental condition of the study area. Other insights, such as the distribution of good or bad values of indicators at a watershed and/or a subregion, were observed in the study. C1 [Tran, Liem T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'Neill, Robert V.] TN & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smith, Elizabeth R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R011038132] FX The first author gratefully acknowledges partial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency via contract R011038132. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9326-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100017 PM 19548021 ER PT J AU Blocksom, K Emery, E Thomas, J AF Blocksom, Karen Emery, Erich Thomas, Jeff TI Sampling effort needed to estimate condition and species richness in the Ohio river, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological assessment; Electrofishing; Field sampling effort; Fish assemblage; Large river; Nonwadeable river ID ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; EFFORT REQUIREMENTS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE; STREAMS; WATERS; INDEX AB The level of sampling effort required to characterize fish assemblage condition in a river for the purposes of bioassessment may be estimated via different approaches. However, the goal with any approach is to determine the minimum level of effort necessary to reach some specific level of confidence in the assessment. In the Ohio River, condition is estimated and reported primarily at the level of pools defined by lock and dam structures. The goal of this study was to determine the minimum level of sampling effort required to adequately characterize pools in the Ohio River for the purpose of bioassessment. We followed two approaches to estimating required sampling effort using fish assemblage data from a long-term intensive survey across a number of Ohio River pools. First, we estimated the number of samples beyond which variation in the multimetric Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) leveled off. Then, we determined the number of samples necessary to collect approximately 90% of the fish species observed across all samples collected within the pool. For both approaches, approximately 15 samples were adequate to reduce variation in IBI scores to acceptable levels and to capture 90% of observed species in a pool. The results of this evaluation provide a basis not only for the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) but also states and other basin commissions to develop sampling designs for bioassessment that ensure adequate sampling of all assessment units. C1 [Blocksom, Karen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Emery, Erich; Thomas, Jeff] Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Blocksom, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Blocksom.karen@epa.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0425-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 469HL UT WOS:000267887000013 PM 18604634 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Boyer, EW AF Golden, Heather E. Boyer, Elizabeth W. TI Contemporary estimates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the watersheds of New York State, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric deposition; Nitrogen; Ammonium; Nitrate; New York State; Watersheds ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION QUANTITY; ADIRONDACK REGION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; AIR TEMPERATURES; ORGANIC NITROGEN; COMPLEX TERRAIN; NORTH-AMERICA; CHEMISTRY AB Atmospheric inputs of reactive nitrogen (N) to ecosystems are a particular concern in the northeastern USA, including New York State, where rates of atmospheric N deposition are among the highest in the nation. We calculate the seasonal and annual spatial variations of contemporary inorganic atmospheric N deposition loading to multi-scale watersheds across New York State using numerous monitoring datasets of precipitation and ambient atmospheric N concentrations. Our models build upon and refine previous efforts estimating the spatial distribution of N deposition. Estimates of total inorganic wet deposition (NH4- N + NO3-N) across New York ranged from 4.7 to 10.5 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) under contemporary conditions (averaged 2002-2004), and both seasonal and annual predicted rates of inorganic N deposition (NH4-N, NO3-N, and total) fit relatively well with that of observed measurements. Our results suggest that "hot spots" of N deposition are, for the most part, spatially distributed according to geographic positions (i.e., relative location from sources and the Great Lakes system) and elevation. We also detect seasonal variations in deposition, showing that total wet atmospheric inorganic N deposition inputs to watersheds (extracted from the four-digit HUC calculations) are highest during the spring (mean = 2.4 kg ha(-1), stddev = 0.29) and lowest during the winter months (mean = 1.4 kg ha(-1), stddev = 0.23). Results also suggest that wet NO3- consistently comprises a slightly higher proportion of wet N deposition than wet NH4+ throughout watersheds of New York, ranging from 2.5 to 6.1 kg NO3-N ha(-1) yr(-1) compared to NH4+, which ranges from 2.2 to 4.4 kg NH4-N ha(-1) yr(-1). C1 [Golden, Heather E.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Energy & Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Golden.Heather@epa.gov RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 319 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0438-8 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 469HL UT WOS:000267887000025 PM 18712614 ER PT J AU Nepomnaschy, PA Baird, DD Weinberg, CR Hoppin, JA Longnecker, MP Wilcox, AJ AF Nepomnaschy, Pablo A. Baird, Donna Day Weinberg, Clarice R. Hoppin, Jane A. Longnecker, Matthew P. Wilcox, Allen J. TI Within-person variability in urinary bisphenol A concentrations: Measurements from specimens after long-term frozen storage SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bisphenol A; Temporal variability; Reproducibility; Menstrual cycle ID HUMAN EXPOSURE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; PHENOLS AB Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic contaminant of food and water associated with adverse developmental effects in laboratory animals. BPA has recently been linked to morbidity in adult humans, but studies of developmental effects in humans are methodologically more difficult. The ability to measure BPA in urine samples after long-term storage could aid in such studies. Because the half-life of BPA is < 6 h, a single measurement would be useful only if the environmental exposure is relatively constant over weeks or months. Our aims were to evaluate the stability of BPA in specimens after 22-24 years of storage and to measure within-person temporal variability in urinary BPA. Methods: We measured total BPA concentration by mass spectrometry in first-morning urine samples from 60 premenopausal women. We selected from each woman's stored daily collections three urine samples approximately 2 and 4 weeks apart. Samples were selected from both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle to assess cycle effects. Temporal variability was assessed with mixed model regression and correlations. Results: BPA levels had an inter-quartile range from 1.1 to 3.1 ng/mg creatinine, slightly higher than levels in specimens from NHANES collected 3-11 years later. The Spearman correlation was approximately 0.5 for samples 2 weeks apart and 0.3 for samples 4 weeks apart. Menstrual cycle phase did not influence levels. BPA tended to increase during the three-year collection period, but not significantly. Conclusions: The similar distribution to NHANES samples and correlation of BPA levels taken at 2-week intervals provide indirect evidence that BPA is relatively stable during long-term freezer storage. The correlations indicate generally stable exposures over periods of weeks. These findings suggest that developmental effects of BPA exposure could be investigated with measurements from stored urine. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nepomnaschy, Pablo A.; Baird, Donna Day; Hoppin, Jane A.; Longnecker, Matthew P.; Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Weinberg, Clarice R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Baird, DD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM baird@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049003-19] NR 23 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 109 IS 6 BP 734 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2009.04.004 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471JR UT WOS:000268054100012 PM 19463991 ER PT J AU Reff, A Bhave, PV Simon, H Pace, TG Pouliot, GA Mobley, JD Houyoux, M AF Reff, Adam Bhave, Prakash V. Simon, Heather Pace, Thompson G. Pouliot, George A. Mobley, J. David Houyoux, Marc TI Emissions Inventory of PM2.5 Trace Elements across the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIATION TRENDS NETWORK; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICLES; METALS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB This paper presents the first National Emissions Inventory (NEI) of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that includes the full suite Of PM2.5 trace elements (atomic number >10) measured at ambient monitoring sites across the U.S. PM2.5 emissions in the NEI were organized and aggregated into a set of 84 source categories for which chemical speciation profiles are available (e.g., Unpaved Road Dust, Agricultural Soil, Wildfires). Emission estimates for ten metals classified as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) were refined using data from a recent HAP NEI. All emissions were spatially gridded, and U.S. emissions maps for dozens of trace elements (e.g., Fe, Ti) are presented for the first time. Nationally, the trace elements emitted in the highest quantities are silicon (3.8 x 10(5) ton/yr), aluminum (1.4 x 10(5) ton/yr), and calcium (1.3 x 10(5) ton/yr). Our chemical characterization of the PM2.5 inventory shows that most of the previously unspeciated emissions are comprised of crustal elements, potassium, sodium, chlorine, and metal-bound oxygen. This work also reveals that the largest PM2.5 sources lacking specific speciation data are off-road diesel-powered mobile equipment road construction dust marine vessels, gasoline-powered boats, and railroad locomotives, C1 [Reff, Adam; Bhave, Prakash V.; Simon, Heather; Pace, Thompson G.; Pouliot, George A.; Mobley, J. David; Houyoux, Marc] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Reff, A (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM reff.adam@epa.gov RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013; OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 NR 28 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 8 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5790 EP 5796 DI 10.1021/es802930x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600039 PM 19731678 ER PT J AU Williams, PN Lombi, E Sun, GX Scheckel, K Zhu, YG Feng, XB Zhu, JM Carey, AM Adomako, E Lawgali, Y Deacon, C Meharg, AA AF Williams, Paul N. Lombi, Enzo Sun, Guo-Xin Scheckel, Kirk Zhu, Yong-Guan Feng, Xinbin Zhu, Jianming Carey, Anne-Marie Adomako, Eureka Lawgali, Youseff Deacon, Claire Meharg, Andrew A. TI Selenium Characterization in the Global Rice Supply Chain SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARKET BASKET SURVEY; HUMAN HEALTH; RURAL BANGLADESH; FOOD CROPS; GRAIN; SPECIATION; PLANTS; SOIL; BIOFORTIFICATION; MICRONUTRIENTS AB For up to 1 billion people worldwide, insufficient dietary intake of selenium (Se) is a serious health constraint Cereals are the dominant Se source for those on low protein diets, as typified by the global malnourished population. With crop Se content constrained largely by underlying geology, regional soil Se variations are often mirrored by their locally grown staples. Despite this, the Se concentrations of much of the world's rice, the mainstay of so many, is poorly characterized, for both total Se content and Se speciation. In this study, 1092 samples of market sourced polished rice were obtained. The sampled rice encompassed dominant rice producing and exporting countries. Rice from the U.S. and India were found to be the most enriched, while mean average levels were lowest in Egyptian rice: similar to 32-fold less than their North American equivalents. By weighting country averages by contribution to either global production or export, modeled baseline values for both were produced. Based on a daily rice consumption of 300 g day(-1), around 75% of the grains from the production and export pools would fail to provide 70% of daily recommended Se intakes. Furthermore, Se localization and speciation characterization using X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (mu-XANES) techniques were investigated in a Se-rich sample. The results revealed that the large majority of Se in the endosperm was present in organic forms. C1 [Williams, Paul N.; Carey, Anne-Marie; Adomako, Eureka; Lawgali, Youseff; Deacon, Claire; Meharg, Andrew A.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Williams, Paul N.; Lombi, Enzo; Sun, Guo-Xin; Zhu, Yong-Guan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Williams, Paul N.; Lombi, Enzo; Sun, Guo-Xin; Zhu, Yong-Guan] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Agr & Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Scheckel, Kirk] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Zhu, Yong-Guan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, Xiamen 361003, Peoples R China. [Feng, Xinbin; Zhu, Jianming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, Guiyang 100049, Peoples R China. [Adomako, Eureka] Univ Ghana, Dept Bot, Legon LG 55, Accra, Ghana. RP Meharg, AA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cruickshank Bldg,St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM a.meharg@abdn.ac.uk RI Williams, Paul/A-4269-2009; Zhu, Yong-Guan/A-1412-2009; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Feng, Xinbin/F-4512-2011; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Meharg, Andrew/F-8182-2014; OI Zhu, Yong-Guan/0000-0003-3861-8482; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Feng, Xinbin/0000-0002-7462-8998; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Meharg, Andrew/0000-0003-2019-0449; Carey, Anne-Marie/0000-0001-6409-6580 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [20720102042]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX.I.-YW-06-03]; CAS Research Fellowship; Royal Society; U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-06CH 11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University FX Natural Science Foundation of China (20720102042), Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX.I.-YW-06-03), CAS Research Fellowship for International Young Researchers and the Royal Society of Edinburgh's International Exchange programme. Elizabeth Pilon-Smits (Biology Department, Colorado State University), for generously providing a XANES spectrum of methylselenocysteine. PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source and research at these facilities are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH 11357. The U.S EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed a portion of the research. It has not been subject to Agency review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official product endorsement should be inferred. NR 42 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 16 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 6024 EP 6030 DI 10.1021/es900671m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600074 PM 19731713 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Wang, RL Bencic, DC Biales, AD Martinovic, D Lazorchak, JM Toth, G Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Wang, Rong-Lin Bencic, David C. Biales, Adam D. Martinovic, Dalma Lazorchak, James M. Toth, Gregory Ankley, Gerald T. TI ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN AND OVARIES OF ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EXPOSED TO THE AROMATASE INHIBITOR FADROZOLE: MICROARRAY ANALYSIS AND HYPOTHESIS GENERATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Transcriptomics; Fish; Endocrine disruption; Neurotoxicity; Reproduction ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; RAT OVARY; GRANULOSA-CELLS; TELEOST FISH; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PERIOVULATORY PERIOD; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; PROTEIN AB As part of a research effort examining system-wide responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in fish to endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) with different modes of action, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 25 or 100 mu g/L of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole for 24, 48, or 96 h. Global transcriptional response in brain and ovarian tissue of fish exposed to 25 mu g/L of fadrozole was compared to that in control fish using a commercially available, 22,000-gene oligonucleotide microarray. Transcripts altered in brain were functionally linked to differentiation, development, DNA replication, and cell cycle. Additionally, multiple genes associated with the one-carbon pool by folate pathway (KEGG 00670) were significantly up-regulated. Transcripts altered in ovary were functionally linked to cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and development. Promoter motif analysis identified GATA-binding factor 2, Ikaros 2, alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1, myoblast-determining factor, and several heat shock factors as being associated with coexpressed gene clusters that were differentially expressed following exposure to fadrozole. Based on the transcriptional changes observed, it was hypothesized that fadrozole elicits neurodegenerative stress in brain tissue and that fish cope with this stress through proliferation of radial glial cells. Additionally, it was hypothesized that changes of gene expression in the ovary of fadrozole-exposed zebrafish reflect disruption of oocyte maturation and ovulation because of impaired vitellogenesis. These hypotheses and others derived from the microarray results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at understanding responses of the HPG axis to EACs and other chemical stressors. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Martinovic, Dalma; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Wang, Rong-Lin; Bencic, David C.; Biales, Adam D.; Lazorchak, James M.; Toth, Gregory] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571; Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 79 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1767 EP 1782 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 470WX UT WOS:000268014200024 ER PT J AU Breitburg, DL Craig, JK Fulford, RS Rose, KA Boynton, WR Brady, DC Ciotti, BJ Diaz, RJ Friedland, KD Hagy, JD Hart, DR Hines, AH Houde, ED Kolesar, SE Nixon, SW Rice, JA Secor, DH Targett, TE AF Breitburg, D. L. Craig, J. K. Fulford, R. S. Rose, K. A. Boynton, W. R. Brady, D. C. Ciotti, B. J. Diaz, R. J. Friedland, K. D. Hagy, J. D., III Hart, D. R. Hines, A. H. Houde, E. D. Kolesar, S. E. Nixon, S. W. Rice, J. A. Secor, D. H. Targett, T. E. TI Nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation: interactive effects on estuarine living resources and their management SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems CY JUN 20-23, 2006 CL Nyborg, DENMARK DE Eutrophication; Hypoxia; Fisheries; Estuary; Management ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOBSTER NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; WATER-QUALITY; BALTIC COD; FOOD WEBS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Both fisheries exploitation and increased nutrient loadings strongly affect fish and shellfish abundance and production in estuaries. These stressors do not act independently; instead, they jointly influence food webs, and each affects the sensitivity of species and ecosystems to the other. Nutrient enrichment and the habitat degradation it sometimes causes can affect sustainable yields of fisheries, and fisheries exploitation can affect the ability of estuarine systems to process nutrients. The total biomass of fisheries landings in estuaries and semi-enclosed seas tends to increase with nitrogen loadings in spite of hypoxia, but hypoxia and other negative effects of nutrient over-enrichment cause declines in individual species and in parts of systems most severely affected. More thoroughly integrated management of nutrients and fisheries will permit more effective management responses to systems affected by both stressors, including the application of fisheries regulations to rebuild stocks negatively affected by eutrophication. Reducing fishing mortality may lead to the recovery of depressed populations even when eutrophication contributes to population declines if actions are taken while the population retains sufficient reproductive potential. New advances in modeling, statistics, and technology promise to provide the information needed to improve the understanding and management of systems subject to both nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation. C1 [Breitburg, D. L.; Fulford, R. S.; Hines, A. H.; Kolesar, S. E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Craig, J. K.] N Carolina State Univ, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Craig, J. K.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Fulford, R. S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. [Rose, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Boynton, W. R.; Houde, E. D.; Secor, D. H.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Brady, D. C.; Ciotti, B. J.; Targett, T. E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Diaz, R. J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Friedland, K. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hagy, J. D., III] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Hart, D. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kolesar, S. E.] St Marys Coll Maryland, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. [Nixon, S. W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Rice, J. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breitburg, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM breitburgd@si.edu RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012; Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833 NR 112 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 629 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9762-4 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 458NI UT WOS:000267030400004 ER PT J AU Lau, HY Ashbolt, NJ AF Lau, H. Y. Ashbolt, N. J. TI The role of biofilms and protozoa in Legionella pathogenesis: implications for drinking water SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biofilm; drinking water; protozoa; virulence; water quality ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE BACTERIUM; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; PHAGOSOME-LYSOSOME FUSION; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; UNITED-STATES; RESISTING BACTERIA; INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION; RESPIRATORY BURST AB Current models to study Legionella pathogenesis include the use of primary macrophages and monocyte cell lines, various free-living protozoan species and murine models of pneumonia. However, there are very few studies of Legionella spp. pathogenesis aimed at associating the role of biofilm colonization and parasitization of biofilm microbiota and release of virulent bacterial cell/vacuoles in drinking water distribution systems. Moreover, the implications of these environmental niches for drinking water exposure to pathogenic legionellae are poorly understood. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of Legionella spp. proliferation within Acanthamoeba and mammalian cells and advocates the use of the amoeba model to study Legionella pathogenicity because of their close association with Legionella spp. in the aquatic environment. The putative role of biofilms and amoebae in the proliferation, development and dissemination of potentially pathogenic Legionella spp. is also discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms of Legionella pathogenicity development in our drinking water systems will aid in elimination strategies and procedural designs for drinking water systems and in controlling exposure to Legionella spp. and similar pathogens. C1 [Lau, H. Y.; Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lau, HY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lau.helen@epa.gov NR 110 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 368 EP 378 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04208.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 469GB UT WOS:000267882800003 PM 19302312 ER PT J AU Houck, K AF Houck, Keith TI Use of Primary Human Cell Systems for Creating Predictive Toxicology Profiles SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Society-of-Biomolecular-Sciences CY APR 26-30, 2009 CL Lille, FRANCE C1 [Houck, Keith] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0571 J9 J BIOMOL SCREEN JI J. Biomol. Screen PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 7 BP 876 EP 877 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 487FS UT WOS:000269256900029 ER PT J AU Mathew, J McMillin, R Gandhi, J Mohsin, S Czyborra, S AF Mathew, Johnson McMillin, Rick Gandhi, Jay Mohsin, Sheher Czyborra, Stefanie TI Trace Level Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water by Direct Injection Ion Chromatography and Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Portland, OR SP Calif Separat Sci Soc C1 [Gandhi, Jay] Metrohm Peak LLC, Houston, TX 77034 USA. [Mathew, Johnson; McMillin, Rick] US EPA, Management Div, Houston Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. [Mohsin, Sheher] Agilent Technol, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. [Czyborra, Stefanie] Metrohm Ltd, CH-9101 Herisau, Switzerland. RP Gandhi, J (reprint author), Metrohm Peak LLC, 12521 Gulf Freeway, Houston, TX 77034 USA. EM jgandhi@metrohmusa.com NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 505 EP 509 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 480PL UT WOS:000268748300003 PM 19772717 ER PT J AU Jiao, D Zhang, JJ Duke, RE Li, GH Schnieders, MJ Ren, PY AF Jiao, Dian Zhang, Jiajing Duke, Robert E. Li, Guohui Schnieders, Michael J. Ren, Pengyu TI Trypsin-Ligand Binding Free Energies from Explicit and Implicit Solvent Simulations with Polarizable Potential SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trypsin; binding; free energy; simulation; force field; polarizable ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INITIO QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; CHARGE FORCE-FIELD; CONTINUUM SOLVENT; FLUCTUATING CHARGE; AB-INITIO; BENZAMIDINIUM CHLORIDE; MECHANICS; MODEL; SOLVATION AB We have calculated the binding free energies of a series of benzamidine-like inhibitors to trypsin with a polarizable force field using both explicit and implicit solvent approaches. Free energy perturbation has been performed for the ligands in bulk water and in protein complex with molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies calculated from explicit solvent simulations are well within the accuracy of experimental measurement and the direction of change is predicted correctly in all cases. We analyzed the molecular dipole moments of the ligands in gas, water and protein environments. Neither binding affinity nor ligand solvation free energy in bulk water shows much dependence on the molecular dipole moments of the ligands. Substitution of the aromatic or the charged group in the ligand results in considerable change in the solvation energy in bulk water and protein whereas the binding affinity varies insignificantly due to cancellation. The effect of chemical modification on ligand charge distribution is mostly local. Replacing benzene with diazine has minimal impact on the atomic multipoles at the amidinium group. We have also utilized an implicit solvent based end-state approach to evaluate the binding free energies of these inhibitors. In this approach, the polarizable multipole model combined with Poisson-Boltzmann/surface area (PMPB/SA) provides the electrostatic interaction energy and the polar solvation free energy. Overall the relative binding free energies obtained from the MM-PMPB/SA model are in good agreement with the experimental data. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 30: 1701-1711, 2009 C1 [Jiao, Dian; Zhang, Jiajing; Ren, Pengyu] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Duke, Robert E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Duke, Robert E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Li, Guohui] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Li, Guohui] Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Schnieders, Michael J.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ren, PY (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pren@mail.utexas.edu RI Jiao, Dian/E-5814-2011; Jiao, Dian/F-4337-2011; Li, Guohui/C-2271-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-06350, P01 HL006350]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM079686, R01 GM079686-02, R01GM079686] NR 64 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 11 SI SI BP 1701 EP 1711 DI 10.1002/jcc.21268 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 464KS UT WOS:000267504400010 PM 19399779 ER PT J AU Maguire, KB AF Maguire, Kelly B. TI Does mode matter? A comparison of telephone, mail, and in-person treatments in contingent valuation surveys SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Contingent valuation; Survey mode; Hurdle model ID RESPONSES; INTERVIEWS; BENEFITS; BIAS AB The choice of survey mode in contingent valuation research has long been debated in the literature. However, there is limited evidence as to how mode impacts behavior. Using an identical survey administered with telephone, mail, and in-person interviews. this is the first research to examine mode effects using all three commonly employed modes in contingent valuation research. Results show that there is some evidence of social desirability bias in the telephone survey. In addition, the role of income in the decision-making process is an important consideration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Maguire, KB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM maguire.kelly@epa.gov NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3528 EP 3533 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.06.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499HG UT WOS:000270208400039 PM 19647362 ER PT J AU Chandrasekaran, V Lee, CJ Lin, P Duke, RE Pedersen, LG AF Chandrasekaran, Vasudevan Lee, Chang Jun Lin, Ping Duke, Robert E. Pedersen, Lee G. TI A computational modeling and molecular dynamics study of the Michaelis complex of human protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) and factor Xa (FXa) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING LA English DT Article DE Antithrombin III; Factor Xa; Homology modeling; Molecular dynamics simulation; Protein-protein docking; Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor; Reactive center loop; Serpins ID HEPARIN-COFACTOR-II; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; ALLOSTERIC MECHANISM; ANGSTROM STRUCTURE; ISCHEMIC STROKE; TERMINAL DOMAIN; ANTITHROMBIN; THROMBIN; REVEALS AB Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) and antithrombin III (AT3) are members of the serpin superfamily of protease inhibitors that inhibit factor Xa (FXa) and other proteases in the coagulation pathway. While experimental structural information is available for the interaction of AT3 with FXa, at present there is no structural data regarding the interaction of ZPI with FXa, and the precise role of this interaction in the blood coagulation pathway is poorly understood. In an effort to gain a structural understanding of this system, we have built a solvent equilibrated three-dimensional structural model of the Michaelis complex of human ZPI/FXa using homology modeling, protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Preliminary analysis of interactions at the complex interface from our simulations suggests that the interactions of the reactive center loop (RCL) and the exosite surface of ZPI with FXa are similar to those observed from X-ray crystal structure-based simulations of AT3/FXa. However, detailed comparison of our modeled structure of ZPI/FXa with that of AT3/FXa points to differences in interaction specificity at the reactive center and in the stability of the inhibitory complex, due to the presence of a tyrosine residue at the P1 position in ZPI, instead of the P1 arginine residue in AT3. The modeled structure also shows specific structural differences between AT3 and ZPI in the heparin-binding and flexible N-terminal tail regions. Our structural model of ZPI/FXa is also compatible with available experimental information regarding the importance for the inhibitory action of certain basic residues in FXa. C1 [Chandrasekaran, Vasudevan; Lee, Chang Jun; Duke, Robert E.; Pedersen, Lee G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Lin, Ping] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Duke, Robert E.; Pedersen, Lee G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pedersen, LG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM lee_pedersen@unc.edu RI pedersen, lee/A-8567-2009; Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013; Lin, Ping/C-7115-2008 OI Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861; Lin, Ping/0000-0003-1200-4423 FU National Institute of Health [HL-06350]; NIEHS [Z01-ES043010-23]; National Science Foundation (FRG DMR) [084549] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (HL-06350), The intramural Program of NIEHS (Z01-ES043010-23), and National Science Foundation (FRG DMR 084549). We acknowledge the use of the computational resources provided by ITS at UNC-CH and the Biomedical Unit of the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. We thank our colleagues at UNC-CH for helpful conversations. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1610-2940 J9 J MOL MODEL JI J. Mol. Model. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 897 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s00894-008-0444-3 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 459ZY UT WOS:000267154200002 PM 19172319 ER PT J AU Chintala, MM Thursby, GB AF Chintala, Marnita M. Thursby, Glen B. TI PERIODIC MATRIX MODEL TO EVALUATE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR BAY SCALLOP (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS) POPULATIONS. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chintala, Marnita M.; Thursby, Glen B.] US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 688 EP 689 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700109 ER PT J AU Watson, JG Chow, JC Chen, LWA Frank, NH AF Watson, John G. Chow, Judith C. Chen, L. -W. Antony Frank, Neil H. TI Methods to Assess Carbonaceous Aerosol Sampling Artifacts for IMPROVE and Other Long-Term Networks SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; SPECIATION TRENDS NETWORK; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; FRESNO SUPERSITE; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE PROFILES; PM2.5 NITRATE AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) adsorb to quartz fiber filters during fine and coarse particulate matter (PM(2.5) and PM(10), respectively) sampling for thermal/optical carbon analysis that measures organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Particulate SVOCs, can evaporate after collection, with a small portion adsorbed within the filter. Adsorbed organic gases are measured as particulate OC, so passive field blanks, backup filters, prefilter organic denuders, and regression methods have been applied to compensate for positive OC artifacts in several long-term chemical speciation networks. Average backup filter OC levels from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network were approximately 19% higher than field blank values. This difference is within the standard deviation of the average and likely results from low SVOC concentrations in the rural to remote environments of most IMPROVE sites. Backup filters from an urban (Fort Meade, MD) site showed twice the OC levels of field blanks. Sectioning backup filters from top to bottom showed nonuniform OC densities within the filter, contrary to the assumption that VOCs and SVOCs on a backup filter equal those on the front filter. This nonuniformity may be partially explained by evaporation and readsorption of vapors in different parts of the front and backup quartz fiber filter owing to temperature, relative humidity, and ambient concentration changes throughout a 24-hr sample duration. OC-PM(2.5) regression analysis and organic denuder approaches demonstrate negative sampling artifact from both Teflon membrane and quartz fiber filters. C1 [Watson, John G.; Chow, Judith C.; Chen, L. -W. Antony] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Watson, John G.; Chow, Judith C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Environm Div, Xian, Peoples R China. [Frank, Neil H.] US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Watson, JG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM john.watson@dri.edu RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Chen, Lung-Wen/J-5792-2015 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; Chen, Lung-Wen/0000-0002-2311-7506 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR [RD-83108601-0]; EPA/National Park Service [C2350064010]; California Air Resources Board [04-307]; Nazir and Mary Ansari Foundation FX This work was partially supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR grant no. RD-83108601-0, EPA/National Park Service under contract no. C2350064010, the California Air Resources Board under contract no. 04-307, and the Nazir and Mary Ansari Foundation. The authors appreciate the thoughtful comments provided by Joann, Rice of EPA. Although this work has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect agency policies or views. NR 62 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 20 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 8 BP 898 EP 911 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.898 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479HR UT WOS:000268650800001 PM 19728484 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Cho, KM Cheng, L Keener, TC Jegadeesan, G Al-Abed, SR AF Lee, Joo-Youp Cho, Kyungmin Cheng, Lei Keener, Tim C. Jegadeesan, Gautham Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Investigation of a Mercury Speciation Technique for Flue Gas Desulfurization Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Most of the synthetic gypsum generated from wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers is currently being used for wallboard production. Because oxidized mercury is readily captured by the wet FGD scrubber, and coal-fired power plants equipped with wet scrubbers desire to benefit from the partial mercury control that these systems provide, some mercury is likely to be bound in with the FGD gypsum and wallboard. In this study, the feasibility of identifying mercury species in the FGD gypsum and wallboard samples was investigated using a large sample size thermal desorption method. Potential candidates of pure mercury standards including mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)), mercurous chloride (Hg(2)Cl(2)), mercury oxide (HgO), mercury sulfide (HgS), and mercuric sulfate (HgSO(4)) were analyzed to compare their results with those obtained from FGD gypsum and dry wallboard samples. Although any of the thermal evolutionary curves obtained from these pure mercury standards did not exactly match with those of the FGD gypsum and wallboard samples, it was identified that Hg(2)Cl(2) and HgCl(2) could be candidates. An additional chlorine analysis from the gypsum and wallboard samples indicated that the chlorine concentrations were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than the mercury concentrations, suggesting possible chlorine association with mercury. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lee, Joo-Youp] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Cho, Kyungmin] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Cheng, Lei; Keener, Tim C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Jegadeesan, Gautham] Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of EPA FX This research was funded by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of EPA. This paper has not been. subjected to internal policy review; therefore, the research results presented herein do not necessarily reflect the views of EPA or its policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 8 BP 972 EP 979 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.972 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479HR UT WOS:000268650800008 PM 19728491 ER PT J AU Hoff, R Zhang, H Jordan, N Prados, A Engel-Cox, J Huff, A Weber, S Zell, E Kondragunta, S Szykman, J Johns, B Dimmick, F Wimmers, A Al-Saadi, J Kittaka, C AF Hoff, Raymond Zhang, Hai Jordan, Nikisa Prados, Ana Engel-Cox, Jill Huff, Amy Weber, Stephanie Zell, Erica Kondragunta, Shobha Szykman, James Johns, Brad Dimmick, Fred Wimmers, Anthony Al-Saadi, Jay Kittaka, Chieko TI Applications of the Three-Dimensional Air Quality System to Western US Air Quality: IDEA, Smog Blog, Smog Stories, AirQuest, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; SPACE AB A system has been developed to combine remote sensing and ground-based measurements of aerosol concentration and aerosol light scattering parameters into a three-dimensional view of the atmosphere over the United States. Utilizing passive and active remote sensors from space and the ground, the system provides tools to visualize particulate air pollution in near real time and archive the results for retrospective analyses. The main components of the system (Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications [IDEA], the U.S. Air Quality Weblog [Smog Blog], Smog Stories, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's AIRQuest decision support system, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway [RSIG]) are described, and the relationship of how data move from one system to another is outlined. To provide examples of how the results can be used to analyze specific pollution episodes, three events (two fires and one wintertime low planetary boundary layer haze) are discussed. Not all tools are useful at all times, and the limitations, including the sparsity of some data, the interference caused by overlying clouds, etc., are shown. Nevertheless, multiple sources of data help a state, local, or regional air quality analyst construct a more thorough picture of a daily air pollution situation than what one would obtain with only surface-based sensors. C1 [Hoff, Raymond; Zhang, Hai; Jordan, Nikisa; Prados, Ana] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Engel-Cox, Jill; Huff, Amy; Weber, Stephanie; Zell, Erica] Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Szykman, James; Johns, Brad; Dimmick, Fred] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wimmers, Anthony] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Al-Saadi, Jay] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Hoff, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hoff@umbc.edu RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; FU NASA Applied Sciences Division [NNS06AA02A] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding support from NASA Applied Sciences Division (NASA Cooperative Agreement NNS06AA02A). Special thanks to Ms. Dianne Miller and the staff at Sonoma Technology, Inc. for their collaborative work on Smog Stories and for the ready availability of AIRNow and AIRNowTech data. The aLlthors thank Brad Pierce of NOAA for use of the trajectory code within IDEA, and Kevin McCann of UMBC for development of the CALIPSO reprocessing code. The aLlthors also thank Kamonayi Mubenga for contributions to the Smog Blog throughout this period. The views expressed in this paper are those of authors And do not reflect the opinion of the U.S. Government or the NOAA, EPA or NASA. The authors grieve over the loss of their colleague, Chieko Kittaka, and dedicate this paper to her work. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 8 BP 980 EP 989 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.980 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479HR UT WOS:000268650800009 PM 19728492 ER PT J AU Taulbee, WK Nietch, CT Brown, D Ramakrishnan, B Tompkins, MJ AF Taulbee, W. Keith Nietch, Christopher T. Brown, Donald Ramakrishnan, Balaji Tompkins, M. Jackie TI Ecosystem Consequences of Contrasting Flow Regimes in an Urban Effects Stream Mesocosm Study(1) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE urbanization; stormwater management; sediment transport; aquatic ecology; biogeochemistry; rivers; streams; mesocosms ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; HEADWATER STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; MELBOURNE REGION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; CURRENT VELOCITY; AQUATIC SYSTEMS AB A stream mesocosm experiment was conducted to study the ecosystem-wide effects of two replicated flow hydrograph treatments programmed in an attempt to compare a simulated predevelopment condition to the theoretical changes that new development brings, while accounting for engineering design criteria for urban stormwater management. Accordingly, the treatments (three replicates each) differed in base flow between events and in the rise to, fall from, and duration of peak flow during simulated storm hydrographs, which were triggered by real rain events occurring outside over a 96-day period from summer to fall, 2005. Incident irradiance, initial substrate quality, and water quality were similar between treatments. Sampling was designed to study the interactions among the treatment flow dynamics, sediment transport processes, streambed nutrients, and biotic structure and function. What appeared most important to the overall structure and function of the mesocosm ecosystems beyond those changes resulting from natural seasonality were (1) the initial mass of fines that infiltrated into the gravel bed, which had a persistent effect on nitrogen biogeochemistry and (2) the subsequent fine sediment accumulation rate, which was unexpectedly similar between treatments, and affected the structure of the macroinvertebrate community equally as the experiment progressed. Invertebrate taxa preferring soft beds dominated when the gravel was comprised of 5-10% fines. The dominant invertebrate algal grazer had vacated the channels when fines exceeded 15%, but this effect could not be separated from what appeared to be a seasonal decline in insect densities over the course of the study. Neither hydrograph treatment allowed for scour or other potential for flushing of fines. This demonstrated the potential importance of interactions between hydrology and fine sediment loading dynamics on stream ecosystems in the absence of flows that would act to mobilize gravel beds. C1 [Nietch, Christopher T.; Brown, Donald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Balaji; Tompkins, M. Jackie] Shaw Environm Inc, Milford, OH USA. EM nietch.christopher@epa.gov NR 119 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 907 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00336.x PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 477PV UT WOS:000268531900008 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Boyer, EW Brown, MG Purucker, ST Germain, RH AF Golden, Heather E. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Brown, Michael G. Purucker, S. Thomas Germain, Rene H. TI Spatial Variability of Nitrate Concentrations Under Diverse Conditions in Tributaries to a Lake Watershed(1) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nitrate; spatial variations; multiple catchments; landscape; land cover; Cayuga Lake; New York ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; INPUT-OUTPUT BUDGETS; LAND-USE CHANGE; NEW-YORK; AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS; NITROGEN EXPORT; STREAM WATER; PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AB Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in stream water often respond uniquely to changes in inter-annual conditions (e.g., biological N uptake and precipitation) in individual catchments. In this paper, we assess (1) how the spatial distribution of NO3-N concentrations varies across a dense network of nonnested catchments and (2) how relationships between multiple landscape factors [within whole catchments and hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) of the catchments] and stream NO3-N are expressed under a variety of annual conditions. Stream NO3-N data were collected during two synoptic sampling events across > 55 tributaries and two synoptic sampling periods with > 11 tributaries during summer low flow periods. Sample tributaries drain mixed land cover watersheds ranging in size from 0.150 to 312 km(2) and outlet directly to Cayuga Lake, New York. Changes in NO3-N concentration ratios between each sampling event suggest a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in catchment response across the Cayuga Lake Watershed, ranging from 0.230 to 61.4. Variations in NO3-N concentrations within each of the large synoptic sampling events were also high, ranging from 0.040 to 8.7 mg NO3-N/l (March) and 0.090 to 15.5 mg NO3-N/l (October). Although Pearson correlation coefficients suggest that this variability is related to multiple landscape factors during all four sampling events, partial correlations suggest percentage of row crops in the catchments as the only similar factor in March and October and catchment area as the only factor during summer low flows. Further, the strength of the relationships is typically lower in the HSAs of catchment. Advancing current understanding of such variations and relationships to landscape factors across multiple catchments - and under a variety of biogeochemical and hydrological conditions - is important, as (1) nitrate continues to be employed as an indicator of regional aquatic ecosystem health and services and (2) a unified framework approach for understanding individual catchment processes is a rapidly evolving focus for catchment-based science and management. C1 [Golden, Heather E.; Purucker, S. Thomas] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Environm Exposure Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Energy, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brown, Michael G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Germain, Rene H.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Environm Exposure Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Golden.Heather@epa.gov RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; New York City Watershed Agricultural Council; New York Energy and Research Development Authority FX We appreciate the helpful suggestions from two external reviewers. We are grateful for financial support for this work through grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Greater Research Opportunities Program, the New York City Watershed Agricultural Council, and the New York Energy and Research Development Authority. We appreciate the helpful advice on this project and manuscript from Doug Burns and Russ Briggs. We also appreciate field assistance from Eric McNeil, Scott Means, Mike Miller, and Rebecca Sauter. Thanks to members of the Cayuga Lake Intermunicipal Organization's technical advisory committee, on which Boyer served, for many useful discussions about landscape characterization in the CLW. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 945 EP 962 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00338.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 477PV UT WOS:000268531900010 ER PT J AU Schwede, DB Dennis, RL Bitz, MA AF Schwede, Donna B. Dennis, Robin L. Bitz, Mary Ann TI The Watershed Deposition Tool: A Tool for Incorporating Atmospheric Deposition in Water-Quality Analyses(1) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; nitrogen loading; management tool; Total Maximum Daily Load; watershed analysis ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; IMPACTING MODEL PERFORMANCE; DRY DEPOSITION; COASTAL WATERS; WET DEPOSITION; VERSION 4.5; NITROGEN; EQUATIONS; VIRGINIA; FORESTS AB A tool for providing the linkage between air and water-quality modeling needed for determining the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and for analyzing related nonpoint-source impacts on watersheds has been developed. Using gridded output of atmospheric deposition from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, the Watershed Deposition Tool (WDT) calculates average per unit area and total deposition to selected watersheds and subwatersheds. CMAQ estimates the wet and dry deposition for all of its gaseous and particulate chemical species, including ozone, sulfur species, nitrogen species, secondary organic aerosols, and hazardous air pollutants at grid scale sizes ranging from 4 to 36 km. An overview of the CMAQ model is provided. The somewhat specialized format of the CMAQ files is not easily imported into standard spatial analysis tools. The WDT provides a graphical user interface that allows users to visualize CMAQ gridded data and perform further analyses on selected watersheds or simply convert CMAQ gridded data to a shapefile for use in other programs. Shapefiles for the 8-digit (cataloging unit) hydrologic unit code polygons for the United States are provided with the WDT; however, other user-supplied closed polygons may be used. An example application of the WDT for assessing the contributions of different source categories to deposition estimates, the contributions of wet and dry deposition to total deposition, and the potential reductions in total nitrogen deposition to the Albemarle-Pamlico basin stemming from future air emissions reductions is used to illustrate the WDT capabilities. C1 [Schwede, Donna B.; Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bitz, Mary Ann] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schwede, DB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM schwede.donna@epa.gov NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 973 EP 985 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00340.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 477PV UT WOS:000268531900012 ER EF