FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Iida, M Anna, CH Gaskin, ND Walker, NJ Devereux, TR AF Iida, Mari Anna, Colleen H. Gaskin, Nicole D. Walker, Nigel J. Devereux, Theodora R. TI The putative tumor suppressor Tsc-22 is downregulated early in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis and may be a suppressor of Gadd45b SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE non-genotoxic; tumor suppressor gene; SiRNA ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; GLAND CANCER-CELL; STIMULATED CLONE-22; GENE-EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENS; INDUCTION; CLONING; ACID AB Tsc-22 is a novel tumor suppressor gene that represents a new class of transcription factors that has transcriptional repressor activity. We found Tsc-22 downregulation in livers from B6C3F1 mice following treatment for 2 weeks with carcinogenic doses o the antianxiety drug oxazepam (2500 ppm) or the peroxisome proliferator Wyeth-14,643 (500 ppm) but not with two other carcinogens such as o-nitrotoluene or methyleugenol or three noncarcinogens including p-nitrotoluene, eugenol, or acetaminophen. The expression of Tsc-22 was also repressed in B6C3F1 mouse liver tumors that were induced by several chemicals from 2-year carcinogenicity studies as well as in spontaneous liver tumors. To identify potential Tsc-22 target genes in mouse liver, we transfected small interference RNA (SiRNA) designed to inhibit Tsc-22 into murine liver BNL-CL.2 cells. We selected two potential transcriptional targets of Tsc-22, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 0 (Gadd45b) and leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 2 (Lzts2) to test based on our previous complementary DNA microarray studies, showing that expression of these cancer-associated genes was increased when Tsc-22 was repressed. SiRNA treatment of BNL-CL.2 cells with Tsc-22 oligonucleotides but not nonspecific oligonucleotides decreased RNA and protein expression of Tsc-22 by 80-90%, while expression of Gadd45b gene, but not Lzts2, was increased over time after an initial decrease. Treatment of these cells with oxazepam for 48 h also resulted in decreased Tsc-22 and increased Gadd45b expression. These data provide evidence that Tsc-22 is a suppressor of Gadd45b expression, which may contribute to an early antiapoptotic response. C1 Biosafety Res Ctr Food Drug & Pesticides, Dept Pathol, Shizuoka 4371213, Japan. Lab Mol Carcinogenes, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Iida, M (reprint author), Biosafety Res Ctr Food Drug & Pesticides, Dept Pathol, 582-2 Shioshinden, Iwata-shi, Shizuoka 4371213, Japan. EM kotorogzo@yahoo.co.jp RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm138 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 205XK UT WOS:000249148300006 PM 17533171 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Oshiro, WM Samsam, TE Benignus, VA Krantz, QT Kenyon, EM AF Bushnell, Philip J. Oshiro, Wendy M. Samsam, Tracey E. Benignus, Vernon A. Krantz, Quentin Todd Kenyon, Elaina M. TI A dosimetric analysis of the acute behavioral effects of inhaled toluene in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE attention; dose metric; signal detection behavior; toxicokinetics; volatile organic compounds ID SIGNAL-DETECTION TASK; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; CONTROLLED OPERANT-BEHAVIOR; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; REPEATED INHALATION; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; VISUAL SIGNALS AB Knowledge of the appropriate metric of dose for a toxic chemical facilitates quantitative extrapolation of toxicity observed in the laboratory to the risk of adverse effects in the human population. Here, we utilize a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for toluene, a common volatile organic compound (VOC), to illustrate that its acute behavioral effects in rats can be quantitatively predicted on the basis of its concentration in the brain. Rats previously trained to perform a visual signal detection task for food reward performed the task while inhaling toluene (0, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 ppm in different test sessions). Accuracy and speed of responding were both decreased by toluene; the magnitude of these effects increased with increasing concentration of the vapor and with increasing duration of exposure. Converting the exposure conditions to brain toluene concentration using the PBTK model yielded a family of overlapping curves for each end point, illustrating that the effects of toluene can be described quantitatively by its internal dose at the time of behavioral assessment. No other dose metric, including inhaled toluene concentration, duration of exposure, the area under the curve of either exposure (ppm h), or modeled brain toluene concentration (mg-h/kg), provided unambiguous predictions of effect. Thus, the acute behavioral effects of toluene (and of other VOCs with a similar mode of action) can be predicted for complex exposure scenarios by simulations that estimate the concentration of the VOC in the brain from the exposure scenario. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm146 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 205XK UT WOS:000249148300019 PM 17548890 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Lambright, CR Rider, CV Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra L. Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy R. Rider, Cynthia V. Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Cumulative effects of dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate on male rat reproductive tract development: Altered fetal steroid hormones and genes SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptors; developmental toxicity; postnatal; epididymis; RT-PCR; reproductive tract; male; phthalates ID N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; URINARY LEVELS; LATE-GESTATION AB Exposure to plasticizers di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) during sexual differentiation causes male reproductive tract malformations in rats and rabbits. In the fetal male rat, these two phthalate esters decrease testosterone (T) production and insulin-like peptide 3 (insl3) gene expression, a hormone critical for gubernacular ligament development. We hypothesized that coadministered DBP and DEHP would act in a cumulative dose-additive fashion to induce reproductive malformations, inhibit fetal steroid hormone production, and suppress the expression of insl3 and genes responsible for steroid production. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged on gestation days (GD) 14-18 with vehicle control, 500 mg/kg DBP, 500 mg/kg DEHP, or a combination of DBP and DEHP (500 mg/kg each chemical; DBP + DEHP); the dose of each individual phthalate was one-half of the effective dose predicted to cause a 50% incidence of epididymal agenesis. In experiment one, adult male offspring were necropsied, and reproductive malformations and androgen-dependent organ weights were recorded. In experiment two, GD18 testes were incubated for T production and processed for gene expression by quantitative realtime PCR. The DBP + DEHP dose increased the incidence of many reproductive malformations by >= 50%, including epididymal agenesis, and reduced androgen-dependent organ weights in cumulative, dose-additive manner. Fetal T and expression of insl3 and cyp11a were cumulatively decreased by the DBP + DEHP dose. These data indicate that individual phthalates with a similar mechanism of action, but with different active metabolites (monobutyl phthalate versus monoethylhexyl phthalate), can elicit dose-additive effects when administered as a mixture. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Reprod Toxicol, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 39 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 5 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 190 EP 202 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm069 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 205XK UT WOS:000249148300020 PM 17400582 ER PT J AU Mason, AM Borgert, CJ Bus, JS Mumtaz, MM Simmons, JE Sipes, IG AF Mason, Ann M. Borgert, Christopher J. Bus, James S. Mumtaz, M. Moiz Simmons, Jane Ellen Sipes, I. Glenn TI Improving the scientific foundation for mixtures joint toxicity and risk assessment: Contributions from the SOT mixtures project - Introduction SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE mixtures; mixtures risk assessment; mixture toxicity; SOT AB Risk assessments are enhanced when policy and other decision-makers have access to experimental science designed to specifically inform key policy questions. Currently, our scientific understanding and science policy for environmental mixtures are based largely on extrapolating from and combining data in the observable range of single chemical toxicity to lower environmental concentrations and composition, i.e., using higher dose data to extrapolate and predict lower dose toxicity. There is a growing consensus that the default assumptions underlying those mixtures risk assessments that are conducted in the absence of actual mixtures data rest on an inadequate scientific database. Future scientific research should both build upon the current science and advance toxicology into largely uncharted territory. More precise approaches to better characterize toxicity of mixtures are needed. The Society of Toxicology (SOT) sponsored a series of panels, seminars, and workshops to help catalyze and improve the design and conduct of experimental toxicological research to better inform risk assessors and decision makers. This paper summarizes the activities of the SOT Mixtures Program and serves as the introductory paper to a series of articles in this issue, which hope to inspire innovative research and challenge the status quo. C1 Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Gainesville, FL USA. Dow Co, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Mason, AM (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, Chlorine Chem Div, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM ann_mason@americanchemistry.com NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.02.010 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 211GX UT WOS:000249513400001 PM 17434550 ER PT J AU Teuschler, LK AF Teuschler, Linda K. TI Deciding which chemical mixtures risk assessment methods work best for what mixtures SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology/Conference on Charting the Future - Building the Scientific Foundation for Mixtures Joint toxicity and Risk Assessment CY FEB 16, 2005-FEB 17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Toxicol DE chemical mixtures risk assessment; additivity; sufficient similarity; toxicological interactions ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; HUMAN RELEVANCE; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; MODE AB The most commonly used chemical mixtures risk assessment methods involve simple notions of additivity and toxicological similarity. Newer methods are emerging in response to the complexities of chemical mixture exposures and effects. Factors based on both science and policy drive decisions regarding whether to conduct a chemical mixtures risk assessment and, if so, which methods to employ. Scientific considerations are based on positive evidence of joint toxic action, elevated human exposure conditions or the potential for significant impacts on human health. Policy issues include legislative drivers that may mandate action even though adequate toxicity data on a specific mixture may not be available and risk assessment goals that impact the choice of risk assessment method to obtain the amount of health protection desired. This paper discusses three important concepts used to choose among available approaches for conducting a chemical mixtures risk assessment: (1) additive joint toxic action of mixture components; (2) toxicological interactions of mixture components; and (3) chemical composition of complex mixtures. It is proposed that scientific support for basic assumptions used in chemical mixtures risk assessment should be developed by expert panels, risk assessment methods experts.. and laboratory toxicologists. This is imperative to further develop and refine quantitative methods and provide guidance on their appropriate applications. Risk assessors need scientific support for chemical mixtures risk assessment methods in the form of toxicological data on joint toxic action for high priority mixtures, statistical methods for analyzing dose-response for mixtures, and toxicological and statistical criteria for determining sufficient similarity of complex mixtures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Teuschler, LK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM teuschler.linda@epa.gov NR 27 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.07.010 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 211GX UT WOS:000249513400007 PM 16997340 ER PT J AU El-Masri, HA AF El-Masri, Hisham A. TI Experimental and mathematical modeling methods for the investigation of toxicological interactions SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mixtures; PBPK; PBPD; interactions; threshold ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; INTERACTION THRESHOLD; TOXICITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE; RATS AB While procedures have been developed and used for many years to assess risk and determine acceptable exposure levels to individual chemicals, most cases of environmental contamination can result in concurrent or sequential exposure to more than one chemical. Toxicological predictions of such combinations must be based on an understanding of the mechanisms of action and interaction of the components of the mixtures. Statistical and experimental methods test the existence of toxicological interactions in a mixture. However, these methods are limited to experimental data ranges for which they are derived, in addition to limitations caused by response differences from experimental animals to humans. Empirical methods such as isobolograms, median-effect principle and response surface methodology (RSM) are based on statistical experimental design and regression of data. For that reason, the predicted response surfaces can be used for extrapolation across dose regions where interaction mechanisms are not anticipated to change. In general, using these methods for predictions can be problematic without including biologically based mechanistic descriptions that can account for dose and species differences. Mechanistically based models, such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models, include explicit descriptions of interaction mechanisms which are related to target tissues levels. These models include dose-dependent mechanistic hypotheses of toxicological interactions which can be tested by model-directed experimental design and used to identify dose regions where interactions are not significant. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP El-Masri, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM el-masri.hisham@epa.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.07.009 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 211GX UT WOS:000249513400008 PM 16996550 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Bronk, DA Olney, JE AF Hoffman, J. C. Bronk, D. A. Olney, J. E. TI Tracking nursery habitat use in the York River estuary, Virginia, by young American shad using stable isotopes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONNECTICUT RIVER; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; TROPHIC LEVEL; NITROGEN; CARBON; TURNOVER; GROWTH; FISH; DIET; DELTA-C-13 AB We developed and applied a stable isotope turnover model to estimate how long age-0 American shad Alosa sapidissima reside within tidal freshwater and brackish-water habitats in the York River estuary, Virginia. The residence time was estimated by modeling the changing stable isotope ratio (either the carbon [delta C-13] or sulfur [delta S-34] stable isotope ratio) of an age-0 American shad as it migrates seaward from its present habitat to a new habitat and determining the minimum time required to acquire the isotopic signature of its new habitat. A sensitivity analysis of our turnover model indicates that the results are robust at relatively fast turnover rates, such as those experienced by young fish, but that at slow turnover rates the model can yield biologically meaningful differences with relatively small changes in variables. The average +/- SE isotopic ratios for the dorsal muscle tissue of age-0 fish increased along the estuary, from -31.8 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand for delta C-13 and -5.2 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand for delta S-34 at the farthest upriver region to -21.8 +/- 1.2 parts per thousand for delta C-13 and 10.3 +/- 1.7 parts per thousand for delta S-34 in the lower estuary, and were significantly different among regions. To account for these distinct signatures along the estuary, the turnover model predicts that age-0 fish remain in discrete regions (similar to 10 river kilometers) of the tidal freshwater portion of the river for at least 15-45 d and in the lower estuary for at least 32-66 d. Juveniles, therefore, are spatially segregated, and probably migrate slowly downstream during the summer and early fall, accumulating in the lower freshwater and oligohaline portions of the estuary before their oceanic migration. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hoffman.joel@epa.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1297 DI 10.1577/T06-223.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600012 ER PT J AU Roman, J Darling, JA AF Roman, Joe Darling, John A. TI Paradox lost: genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES INVASIONS; MICROSATELLITE VARIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SIGANUS-LURIDUS; RANGE EXPANSION; BALLAST WATER AB There is mounting evidence that reduced genetic diversity in invasive populations is not as commonplace as expected. Recent studies indicate that high propagule vectors, such as ballast water and shellfish transplantations, and multiple introductions contribute to the elimination of founder effects in the majority of successful aquatic invasions. Multiple introductions, in particular, can promote range expansion of introduced populations through both genetic and demographic mechanisms. Closely related to vectors and corridors of introduction, propagule pressure can play an important role in determining the genetic outcome of introduction events. Even low-diversity introductions have numerous means of avoiding the negative impact of diversity loss. The interaction of high propagule vectors and multiple introductions reveal important patterns associated with invasion success and deserve closer scrutiny. C1 Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05443 USA. US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Roman, J (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, 617 Main St, Burlington, VT 05443 USA. EM Joeroman@uvm.edu NR 83 TC 352 Z9 365 U1 20 U2 182 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 454 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2007.07.002 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 207KD UT WOS:000249249100006 PM 17673331 ER PT J AU Kentula, ME AF Kentula, Mary E. TI Monitoring wetlands at the watershed scale - Foreword SO WETLANDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MITIGATION C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kentula, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kentula.mary@epa.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 412 EP 415 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[412:FMWATW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600002 ER PT J AU Wardrop, DH Kentula, ME Stevens, DL Jensen, SF Brooks, RP AF Wardrop, Denice H. Kentula, Mary E. Stevens, Donald L., Jr. Jensen, Susan F. Brooks, Robert P. TI Assessment of wetland condition: An example from the Upper Juniata watershed in Pennsylvania, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ecological condition; wetland assessment; wetland monitoring C1 Penn State Univ, Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wardrop, DH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, 302 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dhw110@mail.psu.edu NR 0 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 416 EP 431 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[416:AOWCAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600003 ER PT J AU Wardrop, DH Kentula, ME Jensen, SF Stevens, DL Hychka, KC AF Wardrop, Denice H. Kentula, Mary E. Jensen, Susan F. Stevens, Donald L., Jr. Hychka, Kristen C. TI Assessment of wetlands in the Upper Juniata watershed in Pennsylvania, USA using the hydrogeomorphic approach SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ecological condition; functional assessment; hydrogeomorphic assessment; Upper Juniata watershed; wetland monitoring C1 Penn State Univ, Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wardrop, DH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, 302 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dhw110@mail.psu.edu NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 432 EP 445 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[432:AOWITU]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600004 ER PT J AU Whigham, DF Jacobs, AD Weller, DE Jordan, TE Kentula, ME Jensen, SF Stevens, DL AF Whigham, Dennis F. Jacobs, Amy Deller Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. Kentula, Mary E. Jensen, Susan F. Stevens, Donald L., Jr. TI Combining HGM and EMAP procedures to assess wetlands at the watershed scale - Status of flats and Non-tidal Riverine wetlands in the Nanticoke River watershed, Delaware and Maryland (USA) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake bay; GIS; HGM; watershed; wetland assessment C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Nat Conservancy Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Whigham, DF (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM whighamd@si.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 462 EP 478 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[462:CHAEPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600006 ER PT J AU Fennessy, MS Jacobs, AD Kentula, ME AF Fennessy, M. Siobhan Jacobs, Amy D. Kentula, Mary E. TI An evaluation of rapid methods for assessing the ecological condition of wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem integrity; ecosystem stressors; indicators; wetland bioassessment C1 Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Water Resources, Watershed Assessment Sect, Dover, DE 19904 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Fennessy, MS (reprint author), Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. NR 0 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 39 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 543 EP 560 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600011 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Keough, JR Pyle, WH AF Austin, Jane E. Keough, Janet R. Pyle, William H. TI Effects of habitat management treatments on plant community composition and biomass in a montane wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE environmental gradient; grazing; hydrology; Idaho; idle; prescribed burning C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US EPA, Mid Continental Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grays Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wayan, ID 83285 USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM jape_austitz@usgs.gov OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 570 EP 587 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[570:EOHMTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600013 ER PT J AU Weilhoefer, CL Pan, Y AF Weilhoefer, Christine L. Pan, Yangdong TI Relationships between diatoms and environmental variables in wetlands in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; cluster analysis; hydrogeomorphic classification (HGM); non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Weilhoefer, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coast Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM weilhoefer.christine@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 668 EP 682 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[668:RBDAEV]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600021 ER PT J AU Belk, EL Markewitz, D Rasmussen, TC Maklouf Carvalho, EJ Nepstad, DC Davidson, EA AF Belk, Elizabeth L. Markewitz, Daniel Rasmussen, Todd C. Maklouf Carvalho, Eduardo J. Nepstad, Daniel C. Davidson, Eric A. TI Modeling the effects of throughfall reduction on soil water content in a Brazilian Oxisol under a moist tropical forest SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RAIN-FOREST; AMAZONIA; TRANSPIRATION; SENSITIVITY; EQUATION; CLIMATE; TREES AB Access to water reserves in deep soil during drought periods determines whether or not the tropical moist forests of Amazonia will be buffered from the deleterious effects of water deficits. Changing climatic conditions are predicted to increase periods of drought in Amazonian forests and may lead to increased tree mortality, changes in forest composition, or greater susceptibility to fire. A throughfall reduction experiment has been established in the Tapajos National Forest of east-central Amazonia (Brazil) to test the potential effects of severe water stress during prolonged droughts. Using time domain reflectometry observations of water contents from this experiment, we have developed a dynamic, one-dimensional, vertical flow model to enhance our understanding of hydrologic processes within these tall-stature forests on well-drained, upland, deep Oxisols and to simulate changes in the distribution of soil water. Simulations using 960 days of data accurately captured mild soil water depletion near the surface after the first treatment year and decreasing soil moisture at depth during the second treatment year. The model is sensitive to the water retention and unsaturated flow equation parameters, specifically the van Genuchten parameters theta(s), theta(r), and n, but less sensitive to K-s and alpha. The low root-mean-square error between observed and predicted volumetric soil water content suggests that this vertical flow model captures the most important hydrologic processes in the upper landscape position of this study site. The model indicates that present rates of evapotranspiration within the exclusion plot have been sustained at the expense of soil water storage. C1 US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02345 USA. RP Markewitz, D (reprint author), US EPA, 61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM dmarke@warnell.uga.edu RI Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 AR W08432 DI 10.1029/2006WR005493 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 208SU UT WOS:000249340300001 ER PT J AU Reiley, MC AF Reiley, Mary C. TI Science, polic, and trends of metals risk assessment at EPA: How understanding metals bioavailability has changed metals risk assessment at US EPA SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE metals; Biotic Ligand Model; water quality protection AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Office of Water have made significant changes in the approaches taken to assessing metals in the aquatic environment. Over the last 20 years, the Office of Water has progressed through a variety of metals assessment tools from total recoverable metal to the biotic ligand model. These changes were initially driven by the recognition that the total metals criteria were out of date and that emerging science would make it possible to address bioavailability more thoroughly. More recent drivers are expectations that the agency ensure the criteria are protective of endangered species and that the agency can bring the best available science to conducting total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for waters not meeting uses because of metal contamination. Changes have included: moving from total recoverable metals concentration to dissolved metals and the development of dissolved metal to total metal translator guidance, the development of water effect ratios (WERs) guidance, and most recently incorporation of the biotic ligand model (BLM) into criteria derivation for aquatic life protection (USEPA, 2007a. Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria-Copper 2007 Revision. EPA-822-R-07-001. http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/copper/index.htm.). On March 8, 2007, the agency published its Framework for Metals Risk Assessment (USEPA, 2007b. Framework for Metals Risk Assessment. EPA 120/R-07/001. http://www.epa.gov/osa/metalsframework.) discussing the state of the science for the persistent bioaccumulative, and toxic nature of metals and the considerations of this science that will impact many programs. This paper provides a brief insight to these agency activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Reiley, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, MC-4304T,1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM reiley.mary@epa.gov NR 18 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.05.014 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 208MI UT WOS:000249323000019 PM 17662477 ER PT J AU Acquah, C Karunanithi, AT Achenie, LEK Gascon, JA Sithambaram, S Suib, SL AF Acquah, Charles Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Achenie, Luke E. K. Gascon, Jose A. Sithambaram, Shanthakumar Suib, Steven L. TI Analysis of solvent-solute interactions and its effect on crystal morphology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Acquah, Charles] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.] US EPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Achenie, Luke E. K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Gascon, Jose A.; Sithambaram, Shanthakumar; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM cna02002@engr.uconn.edu; karunanithi.arunprakash@epa.gov; achenie@engr.uconn.edu; steven.suib@uconn.edu RI Gascon, Jose /N-5702-2016 OI Gascon, Jose /0000-0002-4176-9030 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 274-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906400 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G Scheckel, KG AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, Gautham Scheckel, Kirk G. TI I&EC 52-Assessing As, Hg and Se speciation and transport in flue gas desulphurization material and drywall SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, Gautham] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; jegadeesan.gautham@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 52-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903815 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Reisman, DJ Deshpande, N Jegadeesan, G AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Reisman, David J. Deshpande, Niranjan Jegadeesan, Gautham TI ENVR 144-Mechanisms of heavy metal removal from acid mine drainage using chitin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Reisman, David J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Deshpande, Niranjan; Jegadeesan, Gautham] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; jegadeesan.gautham@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 144-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902700 ER PT J AU Chang, DT Goldsmith, MR Tornero-Velez, R Rabinowitz, J Dary, CC AF Chang, Daniel T. Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Tornero-Velez, Rogelio Rabinowitz, James Dary, Curtis C. TI AGRO 121-Utilizing in silico techniques to elucidate the stereoselective behavior of pyrethroids within carboxylesterase SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chang, Daniel T.; Tornero-Velez, Rogelio; Dary, Curtis C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Goldsmith, Michael-Rock; Rabinowitz, James] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chang.daniel@epa.gov; tornero-velez.rogelio@epa.gov; Dary.Curtis@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 121-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900512 ER PT J AU Chung, JC Van Emon, JM AF Chung, Jane C. Van Emon, Jeanette M. TI AGRO 6-Immunoassays and immunoaffinity purification for persistent organic pollutants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chung, Jane C.; Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM chuangj@battelle.org; vanemon.jeanette@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 6-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900485 ER PT J AU Devulapelli, V Sahle-Demessie, E AF Devulapelli, Venugopal Sahle-Demessie, E. TI ENVR 122-Catalytic oxidation of dimethyl sulfide with ozone and the effect of promoter and physico-chemical properties of metal oxide catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sahle-Demessie, E.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, ORD, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM gopal.venu@epa.gov; sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 122-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902594 ER PT J AU Jegadeesan, G Pinto, P Al-Abed, SR Impellitteri, C AF Jegadeesan, Gautham Pinto, Patricio Al-Abed, Souhail R. Impellitteri, Christopher TI ENVR 117-Biogeochemical processes controlling arsenic speciation and biotransformation in granular ferric hydroxide-coated sand SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jegadeesan, Gautham; Pinto, Patricio] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Impellitteri, Christopher] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM jegadeesan.gautham@epa.gov; al-abed.souhail@epamail.epa.gov; Impellitteri.Christopher@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 117-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902701 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Garrison, AW AF Kenneke, John F. Mazur, Christopher S. Garrison, A. Wayne TI AGRO 124-Enantioselective formation of the triazole fungicide triadimenol from triadimefon in mammal and fish hepatic microsomes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kenneke, John F.; Mazur, Christopher S.; Garrison, A. Wayne] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kenneke.john@epa.gov; mazur.chris@epa.gov; garrison.wayne@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 124-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900510 ER PT J AU Mcdow, SR Turlington, J Olson, D Stockburger, L Tong-Argao, S AF McDow, Stephen R. Turlington, John Olson, David Stockburger, Leonard Tong-Argao, Sania TI ENVR 183-Analysis of organic markers for identifying sources of human exposure to airborne fine particulate matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McDow, Stephen R.; Turlington, John; Olson, David; Stockburger, Leonard; Tong-Argao, Sania] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mcdow.stephen@epa.gov; turlington.john@epa.gov; olson.david@epa.gov; stockburger.leonard@epa.gov; tong-argao.sania@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 183-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902566 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI FUEL 247-Carbon nanotubes in microwave environment-ignition and reconstruction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mallikarjuna.nadagouda@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 247-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903722 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Devulapelli, V AF Sahle-Demessie, E. Devulapelli, Venugopal TI I&EC 89-Hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic compounds using Ni supported on H integral"-zeolite as catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sahle-Demessie, E.] US EPA, ORD, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epamail.epa.gov; gopal.venu@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 89-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903776 ER PT J AU Wang, K Richard, A Rusyn, I Tropsha, A AF Wang, Kun Richard, Ann Rusyn, Ivan Tropsha, Alexander TI Toxico-cheminformatics and QSPR modeling of the carcinogenic potency database SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Lab Mol Modeling, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kunwang@email.unc.edu; tropsha@email.unc.edu RI Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 116-TOXI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905129 ER PT J AU Zhang, HC Weber, EJ AF Zhang, Huichun Weber, Eric J. TI ENVR 70-Elucidating the role of electron transfer mediators in reductive transformations in natural sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Huichun; Weber, Eric J.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30605 USA. EM zhang.judy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 70-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902584 ER PT J AU Bi, YM Wang, RL Zhu, T Rothstein, SJ AF Bi, Yong-Mei Wang, Rong-Lin Zhu, Tong Rothstein, Steven J. TI Global transcription profiling reveals differential responses to chronic nitrogen stress and putative nitrogen regulatory components in Arabidopsis SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACID METABOLISM; REDUCTASE GENE PROMOTER; NITRATE REDUCTASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; DELETION ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; AMINO-ACIDS; THALIANA; CARBON AB Background: A large quantity of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is used for crop production to achieve high yields at a significant economic and environmental cost. Efforts have been directed to understanding the molecular basis of plant responses to N and identifying N-responsive genes in order to manipulate their expression, thus enabling plants to use N more efficiently. No studies have yet delineated these responses at the transcriptional level when plants are grown under chronic N stress and the understanding of regulatory elements involved in N response is very limited. Results: To further our understanding of the response of plants to varying N levels, a growth system was developed where N was the growth-limiting factor. An Arabidopsis whole genome microarray was used to evaluate global gene expression under different N conditions. Differentially expressed genes under mild or severe chronic N stress were identified. Mild N stress triggered only a small set of genes significantly different at the transcriptional level, which are largely involved in various stress responses. Plant responses were much more pronounced under severe N stress, involving a large number of genes in many different biological processes. Differentially expressed genes were also identified in response to short-and long-term N availability increases. Putative N regulatory elements were determined along with several previously known motifs involved in the responses to N and carbon availability as well as plant stress. Conclusion: Differentially expressed genes identified provide additional insights into the coordination of the complex N responses of plants and the components of the N response mechanism. Putative N regulatory elements were identified to reveal possible new components of the regulatory network for plant N responses. A better understanding of the complex regulatory network for plant N responses will help lead to strategies to improve N use efficiency. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Synergen Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Rothstein, SJ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM ybi@uoguelph.ca; Wang.Rong-Lin@epamail.epa.gov; tong.zhu@syngenta.com; rothstei@uoguelph.ca RI Rothstein, Steven/A-4947-2013; Zhu, Tong/G-5202-2011 OI Rothstein, Steven/0000-0003-0737-1878; Zhu, Tong/0000-0002-8732-3499 NR 70 TC 83 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 16 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 281 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-281 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 218ZR UT WOS:000250055000001 PM 17705847 ER PT J AU Nakayama, G AF Nakayama, Granta TI Bush has not obstructed environmental protection SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Off Enforcement & Compliance Assurance, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nakayama, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Enforcement & Compliance Assurance, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 16 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7155 BP 749 EP 749 DI 10.1038/448749b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200HJ UT WOS:000248754200015 PM 17700676 ER PT J AU Lubin, JH Alavanja, MCR Caporaso, N Brown, LM Brownson, RC Field, RW Garcia-Closas, M Hartge, P Hauptmann, M Hayes, RB Kleinerman, R Kogevinas, M Krewski, D Langholz, B Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Malats, N Sandler, DP Schaffrath-Rosario, A Schoenberg, JB Silverman, DT Wang, ZY Wichmann, HE Wilcox, HB Zielinski, JM AF Lubin, Jay H. Alavanja, Michael C. R. Caporaso, Neil Brown, Linda M. Brownson, Ross C. Field, R. William Garcia-Closas, Montserrat Hartge, Patricia Hauptmann, Michael Hayes, Richard B. Kleinerman, Ruth Kogevinas, Manolis Krewski, Daniel Langholz, Bryan Letourneau, Ernest G. Lynch, Charles F. Malats, Nuria Sandler, Dale P. Schaffrath-Rosario, Angelika Schoenberg, Janet B. Silverman, Debra T. Wang, Zuoyuan Wichmann, H.-Erich Wilcox, Homer B. Zielinski, Jan M. TI Cigarette smoking and cancer risk: Modeling total exposure and intensity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; epidemiologic methods; models; statistical; neoplasms; risk; smoking ID RESIDENTIAL RADON EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER; URANIUM-MINERS; BLADDER-CANCER; COLORADO PLATEAU; CLINICAL-TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; CHINA; TOBACCO; MORTALITY AB A recent analysis showed that the excess odds ratio (EOR) for lung cancer due to smoking can be modeled by a function which is linear in total pack-years and exponential in the logarithm of smoking intensity and its square. Below 15-20 cigarettes per day, the EOR/pack-year increased with intensity (direct exposure rate or enhanced potency effect), suggesting greater risk for a total exposure delivered at higher intensity (for a shorter duration) than for an equivalent exposure delivered at lower intensity. Above 20 cigarettes per day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing intensity (inverse exposure rate or reduced potency effect), suggesting greater risk for a total exposure delivered at lower intensity (for a longer duration) than for an equivalent exposure delivered at higher intensity. The authors applied this model to data from 10 case-control studies of cancer, including cancers of the lung, bladder, oral cavity, pancreas, and esophagus. At lower intensities, there was enhanced potency for several cancer sites, but narrow ranges for pack-years increased uncertainty, precluding definitive conclusions. At higher intensities, there was a consistent reduced potency effect across studies. The intensity effects were statistically homogeneous, indicating that after accounting for risk from total pack-years, intensity patterns were comparable across the diverse cancer sites. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Biostat Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Municipal Inst Med Res IMIM, Ctr Res Environm & Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Crete, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Hlth Canada, Hlth Protect Branch, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Robert Koch Inst, Abt Epidemiol & Gesundheitsberichterstattung, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Canc Epidemiol Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Minist Hlth, Lab Ind Hyg, Beijing, Peoples R China. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. Hlth Canada, Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Lubin, JH (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Biostat Branch, 6120 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM lubinj@mail.nih.gov RI Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /F-3871-2015; Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017; OI Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /0000-0003-1033-2650; Kleinerman, Ruth/0000-0001-7415-2478; Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-0918-661X; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018; Malats, Nuria/0000-0003-2538-3784 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 4 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm089 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 197XX UT WOS:000248591700015 PM 17548786 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Treadwell, EL Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Dooley, MA AF Cooper, Glinda S. Treadwell, Edward L. Clair, E. William St. Gilkeson, Gary S. Dooley, Mary Anne TI Sociodemographic associations with early disease damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; income; age; lupus ID 3 ETHNIC-GROUPS; COLLABORATING CLINICS/AMERICAN-COLLEGE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; INDEX; MORTALITY; RACE; PREDICTOR; SURVIVAL AB Objective. To examine the extent of organ damage among recently diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and total damage and organ-specific damage scores. Methods. We evaluated damage in 132 patients with SLE (70 African Americans and 62 whites), 2-6 years (median 4 years) after diagnosis, using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index. The associations between demographic characteristics and total damage and organ-specific damage measures were evaluated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, income, and ethnicity. Results. A total of 61% of patients scored >= 1 point on the damage index. Damage was most prevalent in the musculoskeletal (28%), skin (20%), neuropsychiatric (16%), and renal (12%) subscales. African American ethnicity and lower household income were independently associated with total damage scores (score >= 2: adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 6.0 [2.3-16.2] in African Americans and 2.7 [1.1-6.7] in patients with an annual household income <=$30,000). The odds of having skin damage, alopecia, or diabetes were at least 5 times higher in African Americans compared with whites, but ethnicity was not associated with renal damage (adjusted odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 0.40-6.1). Conclusion. Considerable damage is seen in SLE patients early in the disease course, and the pattern varies between ethnic groups. This analysis also highlights the importance of sociodemographic characteristics (particularly income) in predicting damage. C1 US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. Ralph H Johnson Vet Adm Med Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, 8601-D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glindal@epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-85433, Z01-ES-49023] NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 993 EP 999 DI 10.1002/art.22894 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 199OT UT WOS:000248705800015 PM 17665464 ER PT J AU McKinney, BA Reif, DM White, BC Crowe, JE Moore, JH AF McKinney, B. A. Reif, D. M. White, B. C. Crowe, J. E., Jr. Moore, J. H. TI Evaporative cooling feature selection for genotypic data involving interactions SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID EPISTASIS; DISEASE AB Motivation: The development of genome-wide capabilities for genotyping has led to the practical problem of identifying the minimum subset of genetic variants relevant to the classification of a phenotype. This challenge is especially difficult in the presence of attribute interactions, noise and small sample size. Methods: Analogous to the physical mechanism of evaporation, we introduce an evaporative cooling (EC) feature selection algorithm that seeks to obtain a subset of attributes with the optimum information temperature (i. e. the least noise). EC uses an attribute quality measure analogous to thermodynamic free energy that combines Relief-F and mutual information to evaporate ( i. e. remove) noise features, leaving behind a subset of attributes that contain DNA sequence variations associated with a given phenotype. Results: EC is able to identify functional sequence variations that involve interactions ( epistasis) between other sequence variations that influence their association with the phenotype. This ability is demonstrated on simulated genotypic data with attribute interactions and on real genotypic data from individuals who experienced adverse events following smallpox vaccination. The EC formalism allows us to combine information entropy, energy and temperature into a single information free energy attribute quality measure that balances interaction and main effects. Availability: Open source software, written in Java, is freely available upon request. Contact: brett.mckinney@gmail.com C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Genet, Computat Genet Lab, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP McKinney, BA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM brett.mckinney@gmail.com RI Crowe, James/B-5549-2009; OI Crowe, James/0000-0002-0049-1079; Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K25 AI064625, K25 AI-064625, AI-59694, N01 AI025462, R01 AI-57661, R01 AI057661, R01 AI059694]; NLM NIH HHS [LM-009012, R01 LM009012] NR 19 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 16 BP 2113 EP 2120 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm317 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 215OG UT WOS:000249818300011 PM 17586549 ER PT J AU Joo, JH Liao, G Collins, JB Grissom, SF Jetten, AM AF Joo, Joung Hyuck Liao, Grace Collins, Jennifer B. Grissom, Sherry F. Jetten, Anton M. TI Farnesol-induced apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells is coupled to the endoplasmic reticulum stress response SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; PHOSPHOCHOLINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE-ALPHA; ISOPRENOIDS PERILLYL ALCOHOL; MESSENGER-RNA; ER STRESS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS; INDUCED GENERATION; MAP KINASE AB Farnesol (FOH) and other isoprenoid alcohols induce apoptosis in various carcinoma cells and inhibit tumorigenesis in several in vivo models. However, the mechanisms by which they mediate their effects are not yet fully understood. In this study, we show that FOH is an effective inducer of apoptosis in several lung carcinoma cells, including H460. This induction is associated with activation of several caspases and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). To obtain insight into the mechanism involved in FOH-induced apoptosis, we compared the gene expression profiles of FOH-treated and control H460 cells by microarray analysis. This analysis revealed that many genes implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, including ATF3, DDIT3, HEKPUD1, HSPA5, XBP1, PDLA4, and PHLDA1, were highly up-regulated within 4 h of FOH treatment, suggesting that FOH-induced apoptosis involves an ER stress response. This was supported by observations showing that treatment with FOH induces splicing of XBP1 mRNA and phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha,. FOH induces activation of several mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, including p38, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of NIEKI/2 by U0126 inhibited the induction of ER stress response genes. In addition, knockdown of the MEK1/2 and JNK 1/2 expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively inhibited the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP and apoptosis induced by FOH. However, only NIEKI/2 siRNAs inhibited the induction of ER stress-related genes, XBP1 mRNA splicing, and eIF2 alpha phosphorylation. Our results show that FOH-induced apoptosis is coupled to ER stress and that activation of NIEKI/2 is an early upstream event in the FOH-induced ER stress signaling cascade. C1 NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, LRB,Cell Biol lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jetten, AM (reprint author), NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, LRB,Cell Biol lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jetten@niehs.nih.gov OI Jetten, Anton/0000-0003-0954-4445 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 50 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 16 BP 7929 EP 7936 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0931 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 200XJ UT WOS:000248795800047 PM 17699800 ER PT J AU Lipfert, G Sidle, WC Reeve, AS Ayuso, RA Boyce, AJ AF Lipfert, Gail Sidle, William C. Reeve, Andrew S. Ayuso, Robert A. Boyce, Adrian J. TI High arsenic concentrations and enriched sulfur and oxygen isotopes in a fractured-bedrock ground-water system SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; oxygen isotopes; sulfur isotopes; fractured bedrock; ground water; anaerobic oxidation ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; GOOSE RIVER-BASIN; BACTERIAL DISPROPORTIONATION; CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK; SULFIDE OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MAINE; WATER AB Ground water with high arsenic concentrations (up to 26.6 mu mol L-1) has sulfate enriched in 34 S and O-18 in the fractured-bedrock, ground-water system of the Kelly's Cove watershed, Northport, Maine, USA. The ranges of sulfur and oxygen isotope values in aqueous sulfate, delta S-34([SO4]) and delta O-18([SO4],) at the Kelly's Cove watershed are +3.4 to +4.9 parts per thousand and -2.0 to +6.7 parts per thousand, respectively. These isotope values are strikingly similar to those of the Goose River, Maine watershed which has delta S-34([SO4]) and delta O-18([SO4]) ranges of +3.7 to +4.6 parts per thousand and -2.6 to +7.5 parts per thousand, respectively. In both systems, high arsenic concentrations occur with high delta S-34([SO4]) and delta O-18([SO4]) values, yet redox conditions and underlying rock types are quite different. The isotope values of sulfide minerals, delta S-34([min]), from four bedrock cores vary over short distances and range from -5.1 to +7.5 parts per thousand.. The delta O-18([SO4]) values are controlled by the delta S-34([min]) values with minor input of atmospheric SO4. The much narrower range in delta S-34([SO4]) values than delta S-34([min]) values is probably due to sufficient ground-water mixing at a scale greater than the delta S-34([min]) variability. The delta S-34([SO4]) values are about 2 parts per thousand higher than the average delta S-34([min]) value and fall within the range of delta O-18([SO4]) values, indicating only minor fractionation due to bacterial reduction of SO4. The highest delta O-18([SO4]), values were measured in the downgradient, confined, arsenic-rich ground water. High delta O-18([SO4]) values there cannot be due to aeration by atmospheric oxygen, but may arise from reoxidation of reduced SO4 products. The enrichment factors of delta O-18 in SO4 compared to H2O, +7.2 to + 15.5 parts per thousand, in the Kelly's Cove ground water and the negligible S-34 enrichment is very similar to those derived from experimental data of anaerobic sulfide oxidation in the presence of Mn and Fe oxides. Sea level at the Kelly's Cove watershed was approximately 80 in above present sea level about 13 000 years before present, imposing reducing conditions on that area of the watershed. Sea level dropped approximately 60 in below present sea level about I 1000 years before present, allowing for possible oxidation of sulfide minerals and precipitation of arsenic in ferric oxyhydroxides during aeration of the ground-water system. Under present redox conditions, there is evidence that bacteria reduction of ferric oxyhydroxides releases arsenic. The fractionation of O-18 in the SO4 during anaerobic oxidation of sulfide in the presence of Mn and Fe oxides and subsequent release of arsenic during Mn and Fe oxide reduction may explain the relationship between high arsenic concentrations and elevated O-18([SO4]) at Kelly's Cove. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland. RP Lipfert, G (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gail.lipfert@umit.maine.edu RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; Boyce, Adrian/D-2263-2010 OI Boyce, Adrian/0000-0002-9680-0787 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.003 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 203EN UT WOS:000248958000007 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Mineau, P Barron, MG AF Raimondo, S. Mineau, P. Barron, M. G. TI Estimation of chemical toxicity to wildlife species using interspecies correlation models SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; EXTRAPOLATION; MAMMALS; VALUES AB Ecological risks to wildlife are typically assessed using toxicity data for relatively few species and with limited understanding of differences in species sensitivity to contaminants. Empirical interspecies correlation models were derived from LD50 values for 49 wildlife species and 951 chemicals. The standard wildlife test species Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were determined to be good surrogates for many species within the database. Cross-validation of all models predicted toxicity values within 5-fold and 10-fold of the actual values with 85 and 95% certainty, respectively. Model robustness was not consistently improved by developing correlation models within modes of action (MOA); however, improved models for neurotoxicants, carbamates, and direct acting organophosphorous acetylcholenesterase inhibiting compounds indicate that toxicity estimates may improve if MOA-specific models are built with robust datasets. There was a strong relationship between taxonomic distance and cross-validation prediction success (chi(2) = 297, df = 12, p < 0.0001), with uncertainty increasing with larger taxonomic distance between the surrogate and predicted species. Interspecies toxicity correlations provide a tool for estimating contaminant sensitivity with known levels of uncertainty for a diversity of wildlife species. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 26 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5888 EP 5894 DI 10.1021/es070359o PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202EY UT WOS:000248886000050 PM 17874802 ER PT J AU Johnson, RL Simon, MA AF Johnson, Richard L. Simon, Michelle A. TI Evaluation of groundwater flow patterns around a dual-screened groundwater circulation well SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater circulation wells; groundwater recirculation wells; in-well air stripping; in situ flow meters; MODFLOW; tracer; breakthrough curves; heterogeneity; anisotropy; hydrogeology; numerical flow modeling; numerical transport modelling; GCW; hydrotechnics ID SINGLE-BOREHOLE DEVICE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; VERTICAL VARIATIONS; CONTAMINANT FLUXES; SCALE EVALUATION; DIPOLE PROBE; WATER; REMEDIATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; AQUIFER AB Dual-screened groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) can be used to remove contaminant mass and to mix reagents in situ. GCWs are so named because they force water in a circular pattern between injection and extraction screens. The radial extent, flux and direction of the effective flow of this circulation cell are difficult to measure or predict. The objective of this study is to develop a robust protocol for assessing GCW performance. To accomplish this, groundwater flow patterns surrounding a GCW are assessed using a suite of tools and data, including: hydraulic head, in situ flow velocity, measured hydraulic conductivity data from core samples, chemical tracer tests, contaminant distribution data, and numerical flow and transport models. The hydraulic head data show patterns that are consistent with pumping on a dual-screened well, however, many of the observed changes are smaller than expected. In situ thermal perturbation flow sensors successfully measured horizontal flow, but vertical flow could not be determined with sufficient accuracy to be useful in mapping flow patterns. Two types of chemical tracer tests were utilized at the site and showed that much of the flow occurs within a few meters of the GCW. Flow patterns were also assessed based on changes in contaminant (trichloroethylene, TCE) concentrations over time. The TCE data clearly showed treated water moving away from the GCW at shallow and intermediate depths, but the circulation of that water back to the well, except very close to the well, was less clear. Detailed vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivities were measured on 0.3 m-long sections from a continuous core from the GCW installation borehole. The measured vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity data were used to construct numerical flow and transport models, the results of which were compared to the head, velocity and concentration data. Taken together, the field data and modeling present a fairly consistent picture of flow and transport around the GCW. However, the time and expense associated with conducting all of those tests would be prohibitive for most sites. As a consequence, a sequential protocol for GCW characterization is presented here in which the number of tools used can be adjusted to meet the needs of individual sites. While not perfect, we believe that this approach represents the most efficient means for evaluating GCW performance. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johnson, RL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM dohnson@ebs.ogi.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1-4 BP 188 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.02.003 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 204OO UT WOS:000249054100014 PM 17428573 ER PT J AU Meklin, T Reponen, T McKinstry, C Cho, SH Gninshpun, SA Nevalainen, A Vepsalainen, A Haugland, RA LeMasters, G Vesper, SJ AF Meklin, Teija Reponen, Tiina McKinstry, Craig Cho, Seung-Hyun Gninshpun, Sergey A. Nevalainen, Aino Vepsalainen, Asko Haugland, Richard A. LeMasters, Grace Vesper, Stephen J. TI Comparison of mold concentrations quantified by MSQPCR in indoor and outdoor air sampled simultaneously SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mold; indoor air; outdoor air; mold specific quantitative PCR ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; FUNGI; HOMES; INFANTS; ASTHMA; WATER; DUST AB Mold specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) was used to measure the concentrations of the 36 mold species in indoor and outdoor air samples that were taken simultaneously for 48 h in and around 17 homes in Cincinnati, Ohio. The total spore concentrations of 353 per m(3) of indoor air and 827 per m(3) of outdoor air samples were significantly different (p <= 0.05). However, only the concentrations of Aspergillus penicillioides, Cladosporium cladosporioides types 1 and 2 and Cladosporium herbarum were correlated in indoor and outdoor air samples (p-value <= 0.05 and sufficient data for estimate and absolute value rho estimate >= 0.5). These results suggest that interpretation of the meaning of short-term (<48 h) mold measurements in indoor and outdoor air samples must be made with caution. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Ml L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011170, R01 ES11170, R01 ES011170-05S1] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 1 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.03.031 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194CT UT WOS:000248322300013 PM 17467772 ER PT J AU Gillis, B Waltzer, S Heath, MW Cormack, J Ravishankar, K AF Gillis, Brian Waltzer, Suzie Heath, Milton W., III Cormack, Jim Ravishankar, Krish TI Technology drives methane emissions down, profits up SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Hlth Consultants Inc, Methane Emiss Measurement Programs, Houston, TX USA. TransCanada, Calgary, AB, Canada. Occident Oil & Gas Corp, Houston, TX USA. RP Gillis, B (reprint author), ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. EM waitzer.suzanne@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD AUG 13 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 30 BP 20 EP + PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 202WM UT WOS:000248934900003 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Polystyrene sulfonic acid catalyzed greener synthesis of hydrazones in aqueous medium using microwaves SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrazones; polystyrene sulforne acid; aqueous medium; microwave irradiation; green chemistry ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; HETEROCYCLIC HYDRAZONES; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; DERIVATIVES; AZACYCLOALKANES; CHEMISTRY; MIGRATION; AGENTS AB An environmentally benign aqueous protocol for the synthesis of cyclic, bi-cyclic, and heterocyclic hydrazones using polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) as a catalyst has been developed; the simple reaction proceeds efficiently in water in the absence of any organic solvent under microwave irradiation and involves basic filtration as the product isolation step. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rijender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 32 BP 5649 EP 5652 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.038 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 195QQ UT WOS:000248427100016 ER PT J AU Singh, D McCann, KL Imani, F AF Singh, Divyendu McCann, Kelly L. Imani, Farhad TI MAPK and heat shock protein 27 activation are associated with respiratory syncytial virus induction of human bronchial epithelial monolayer disruption SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung permeability; mitogen-activated protein kinase ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND; FLOW CYTOMETRIC DETECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACTIN POLYMERIZATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; HEAT-SHOCK; PERMEABILITY; CELLS AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis in infants, and a common feature of RSV infections is increased lung permeability. The accumulation of fluid in the infected lungs is caused by changes in the endothelial and epithelial membrane integrity. However, the exact mechanisms of viral-induced fluid extravasation remain unclear. Here, we report that infection of human epithelial cells with RSV results in significant epithelial membrane barrier disruption as assessed by a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEpR). This decrease in TEpR, which indicates changes in paracellular permeability, was mediated by marked cellular cytoskeletal rearrangement. Importantly, the decrease in TEpR was attenuated by using p38 MAPK inhibitors (SB-203580) but was partially affected by JNK inhibitor SP-600125. Interestingly, treatment of A549 cells with MEK1/2 inhibitor (U-0126) led to a decrease in TEpR in the absence of RSV infection. The changes in TEpR were concomitant with an increase in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) phosphorylation and with actin microfilament rearrangement. Thus our data suggest that p38 MAPK and Hsp27 are required for RSV induction of human epithelial membrane permeability. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Imani, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, MD 2-01,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM imani@niehs.nih.gov RI Singh, Divyendu/B-3964-2010 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101784-04] NR 47 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 293 IS 2 BP L436 EP L445 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00097.2007 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 196CL UT WOS:000248459200021 PM 17557802 ER PT J AU Ross, AJ Dailey, LA Brighton, LE Devlin, RB AF Ross, Andrea J. Dailey, Lisa A. Brighton, Luisa E. Devlin, Robert B. TI Transcriptional profiling of mucociliary differentiation in human airway epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bronchial epithelium; differentiation; cilia; microarrays ID PRIMARY CILIARY DYSKINESIA; MUCIN GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM; LUNG MORPHOGENESIS; MALE-INFERTILITY; BINDING-PROTEIN; MICE DEFICIENT; RETINOIC ACID; GROWTH-FACTOR AB When cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) in the appropriate medium, primary human airway epithelia[ cells form a polarized, pseudostratified epithelium composed of ciliated and mucus-secreting cells. This culture system provides a useful tool for the in vitro study of airway epithelial biology and differentiation. We have performed microarray analysis on ALI cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) grown over a 28-d period to identify genes involved in mucociliary differentiation. We identified over 2,000 genes that displayed statistically significant 2-fold or greater changes in expression during the time course. Of the genes showing the largest increases, many are involved in processes associated with airway epithelial biology, such as cell adhesion, immunity, transport, and cilia formation; however, many novel genes were also identified. We compared our results with data from proteomic analyses of the ciliary axoneme and identified candidate genes that may have roles in cilia formation or function. Gene networks were generated using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA) to identify signaling pathways involved in mucociliary cell differentiation or function. Networks containing genes involved in TGF-beta, WNT/beta-catenin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways were identified, suggesting potential roles for these families in airway epithelia. Microarray results were validated by real-time RT-PCR for a number of representative genes. This work has provided extensive information about gene expression changes during differentiation of airway epithelial cells, and will be a useful resource for researchers interested in respiratory function, pathology, and toxicology. C1 US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Devlin, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM devlin.robert@epa.gov NR 61 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0466OC PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 196RF UT WOS:000248499000007 PM 17413031 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, JW Li, ZW Brass, DM Garantziotis, S Timberlake, SH Kim, A Hossain, I Savani, RC Schwartz, DA AF Hollingsworth, John W. Li, Zhuowei Brass, David M. Garantziotis, Stavros Timberlake, Sarah H. Kim, Andrew Hossain, Imtaz Savani, Rashmin C. Schwartz, David A. TI CD44 regulates macrophage recruitment to the lung in lipopolysaccharide-induced airway disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung; environment; tlr4; hyaluronan; endotoxin ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; HYALURONAN; INJURY; INFLAMMATION; NEUTROPHILS; EXPRESSION; ENDOTOXIN; CELLS; TLR4; MICE AB LPS from bacteria is ubiquitous in the environment and can cause airway disease and modify allergic asthma. Identification of gene products that modulate the biologic response to inhaled LPS will improve our understanding of inflammatory airways disease. Previous work has identified quantitative trait loci for the response to inhaled LPS on chromosomes 2 and 11. In these regions, 28 genes had altered RNA expression after inhalation of LPS, including CD44, which was associated with differences in both TNF-a levels and neutrophil recruitment into the lung. It has previously been shown that CD44 can modulate macrophage recruitment in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as clearance of neutrophils after lung injury with both bleomycin and live Escherichia coli bacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that the biologic response to inhaled LPS is modified by CD44. Macrophages failed to be recruited to the lungs of CD44-deficient animals at all time points after LPS exposure. CID44-deficient macrophages showed reduced motility in a Transwell migration assay, reduced ability to secrete the promflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, reduced in vivo migration in response to monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and diminished adhesion to vascular endothelia in the presence of TNF-alpha. In addition, CD44-deficient animals had 150% fewer neutrophils at 24 h and 50% greater neutrophils 48 h after LPS exposure. These results support the role of CD44 in modulating the biologic response to inhaled LPS. C1 DUMC 3136, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Texas, Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm & Vasc Biol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Univ Texas, Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), DUMC 3136, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM holli017@mc.duke.edu RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL62472, HL67467, HL73896, HL91335]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI058161]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11961]; PHS HHS [E12717] NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0363OC PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 196RF UT WOS:000248499000015 PM 17446529 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Lee, KS AF Kaldy, James E. Lee, Kun-Seop TI Factors controlling Zostera marina L. growth in the eastern and western Pacific Ocean: Comparisons between Korea and Oregon, USA SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE eelgrass; Zostera marina; growth dynamics; eastern and western Pacific Ocean; irradiance; temperature ID SEAGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; COLUMN NITRATE ENRICHMENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; PRODUCTION ECOLOGY; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; SEDIMENT AMMONIUM; COASTAL LAGOON AB Zostera marina distribution is circum-global and tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions. Consequently, it is likely that populations have adapted to local environmental conditions of light, temperature and nutrient supply. We compared Z. marina growth dynamics over a 2-year period in relation to environmental characters at Jindong Bay, South Korea and Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Water temperature in Jindong Bay showed stronger seasonal variation (summer-winter Delta T= 20 degrees C than in Yaquina Bay (summer-winter Delta T< 5 degrees C). Underwater irradiance in Jindong Bay exhibited a winter maximum, while in Yaquina Bay underwater light exhibited a summer maximum. Integrated annual underwater irradiance during 2003 was 2200 and 1200 mol photons m(-2) year(-1) in Korea and Oregon, respectively. Z marina shoot density, biomass and integrated production were not significantly different between the two study sites. Seasonal Z marina growth in Jindong Bay appeared to be controlled by temperature and light, while the growth pattern in Yaquina Bay suggested light regulation. Several seagrass parameters were correlated to phosphate concentrations, even though nutrients did not appear limiting. Despite differences in environmental factors, relative growth rates and temporal growth dynamics between study sites, integrated annual leaf production was quite similar at 335 and 353 g DW m(-2) year(-1) in the Jindong and Yaquina Bay study sites. We suggest that Z marina net productivity is acclimated to the local environmental conditions and may be a general characteristic of temperate seagrass populations. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Biol, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Western Ecol Div, US Environm Protect Agcy, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lee, KS (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Biol, 30 Changjun Dong, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM klee@pusan.ac.kr NR 61 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.03.008 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197VL UT WOS:000248584500004 ER PT J AU Crow, SE Swanston, CW Lajtha, K Brooks, JR Keirstead, H AF Crow, Susan E. Swanston, Christopher W. Lajtha, Kate Brooks, J. Renee Keirstead, Heath TI Density fractionation of forest soils: methodological questions and interpretation of incubation results and turnover time in an ecosystem context SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Mechanisms of Soil Organic Matter Stabilization CY OCT, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, USDA NRI, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Kearney Fdn Soil Sci, NASA, Oregon State Univ DE density fractionation; heavy fraction; incubation; light fraction; mean residence time; radiocarbon; sodium polytungstate; soil organic matter ID NET NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; LIGHT-FRACTION; BLACK CARBON; MACROORGANIC MATTER; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; N-MINERALIZATION; GRASSLAND SOILS; AGE CALIBRATION AB Soil organic matter (SOM) is often separated by physical means to simplify a complex matrix into discrete fractions. A frequent approach to isolating two or more fractions is based on differing particle densities and uses a high density liquid such as sodium polytungstate (SPT). Soil density fractions are often interpreted as organic matter pools with different carbon (C) turnover times, ranging from years to decades or centuries, and with different functional roles for C and nutrient dynamics. In this paper, we discuss the development and mechanistic basis of common density-based methods for dividing soil into distinct organic matter fractions. Further, we directly address the potential effects of dispersing soil in a high density salt solution on the recovered fractions and implications for data interpretation. Soil collected from forested sites at H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon and Bousson Experimental Forest, Pennsylvania was separated into light and heavy fractions by floatation in a 1.6 g cm(-3) solution of SPT. Mass balance calculations revealed that between 17% and 26% of the original bulk soil C and N content was mobilized and subsequently discarded during density fractionation for both soils. In some cases, the light isotope was preferentially mobilized during density fractionation. During a year-long incubation, mathematically recombined density fractions respired similar to 40% less than the bulk soil at both sites and light fraction (LF) did not always decompose more than the heavy fraction (HF). Residual amounts of tungsten (W) present even in well-rinsed fractions were enough to reduce microbial respiration by 27% compared to the control in a 90-day incubation of O(a) material. However, residual W was nearly eliminated by repeated leaching over the year-long incubation, and is not likely the primary cause of the difference in respiration between summed fractions and bulk soil. Light fraction at Bousson, a deciduous site developed on Alfisols, had a radiocarbon-based mean residence time (MRT) of 2.7 or 89 years, depending on the interpretation of the radiocarbon model, while HF was 317 years. In contrast, both density fractions from H. J. Andrews, a coniferous site developed on andic soils, had approximately the same MRT (117 years and 93 years for LF and HF). At H. J. Andrews the organic matter lost during density separation had a short MRT (19 years) and can account for the difference in respired CO(2) between the summed fractions and the bulk soil. Recognition and consideration of the effects of the density separation procedure on the recovered fractions will help prevent misinterpretation and deepen our understanding of the specific role of the recovered organic matter fractions in the ecological context of the soil studied. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oregon State Univ, Bot & Plant Pathol Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US EPA, W Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Crow, SE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM secrow@purdue.edu OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 NR 80 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9100-8 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 189OV UT WOS:000247999300006 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Mookherji, S Angier, JT AF McCarty, G. W. Mookherji, S. Angier, J. T. TI Characterization of denitrification activity in zones of groundwater exfiltration within a riparian wetland ecosystem SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE groundwater upwelling; nitrate removal; denitrification enzyme activity; denitrification potential; preferential flow biogeochemistry ID NITRATE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COASTAL-PLAIN; FOREST; SOILS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; LITHOLOGY; HYDROLOGY AB Movement of agricultural nitrogen (N) into riparian buffers often occurs within discrete seepage or upwelling zones which can limit the ability of the ecosystem to process the nutrient delivered by exfiltrating groundwater. Characterization of the biogeochemical processing of N within these zones is important in assessing the effectiveness of riparian buffers for mitigating nutrient loading of surface waters. The biogeochemical potential for denitrification in zones of exfiltration within a riparian buffer wetland dominated by high-carbon mucky soils was found to be highly stratified by profile depth with substantially higher activity in the surface layer of soil. The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) within these zones was partly related to the population size of denitrifying microorganisms as measured by the most probable number (MPN) as well as the general microbial population as measured by substrate-induced respiration. The addition of glucose to the DEA assay stimulated enzyme activity indicating that carbon substrate was limiting activity. The stratification patterns of microbial populations and DEA are consistent with new carbon inputs to the ecosystem being most important driver of biogeochemical reactions such as denitrification in this high-carbon environment. A survey of carbon inputs to the ecosystem under study identified two major sources that contribute most of the annual biomass carbon inputs to the wetland: skunk cabbage in early summer and tree leaf litter in the fall. Tests of the ability of annually deposited wetland plant residues to stimulate denitrification and microbial respiration indicated that the degree of stimulation was inversely related to the C/N ratio of these carbon sources. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticid Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1007/s00374-006-0151-0 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 189OX UT WOS:000247999500008 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Valero, JR AF Verma, M. Brar, Satinder K. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Valero, J. R. TI Starch industry wastewater as a substrate for antagonist, Trichoderma viride production SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agent; conidia; entomotoxicity; protease activity; starch industry wastewater; Trichoderma sp. ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUNGI; SPORULATION; HARZIANUM; CONIDIA; GROWTH; SLUDGE; MEDIA; SOIL; ATP AB Starch industry wastewater was investigated to assess and improve its potential as a raw material for the conidia production of biocontrol fungi, Trichoderma viride. The wastewater was tested with and without supplements of glucose, soluble starch, meat peptone and probable conidiation inducer chemicals in shake flask culture. Addition of complex carbon source (soluble starch, 1% and 2% w/v) produced maximum conidia (approximate to 3.02 and 4.2 x 10(10) CFU/mL, respectively). On the other hand, glucose addition as a simpler carbon source was either ineffective or, reduced conidia production (from 1.6 x 10(8) in control to 3.0 x 10(7) CFU/mL in 5% w/v glucose supplement). Supplement of nitrogen source showed a small increase of conidia concentration. Propionic, maleic and humic acids, EDTA, pyridine, glycerol and CaCO(3) were examined as probable conidiation inducers and showed effect only on initial rate of conidiation with no increase in final conidia concentration. Intra and extracellular ATP correlation with spore production showed dependence on growth media used and conidia concentration at the end of fermentation. Addition of carbon and nitrogen sources showed an increase in protease activity (from 0.4985 to 2.43 IU/mL) and entomotoxicity (from 10448 to 12335 spruce budworm. unit (SBU)/mu L). Entomotoxicity was improved by 11% in fermenter over shake flask when starch industry wastewater was supplemented with meat peptone. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Ctr Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 BP 2154 EP 2162 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.032 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 160VN UT WOS:000245970500014 PM 17084079 ER PT J AU Liebelt, EL Balk, SJ Faber, W Fisher, JW Hughes, CL Lanzkron, SM Lewis, KM Marchetti, F Mehendale, HM Rogers, JM Shad, AT Skalko, RG Stanek, EJ AF Liebelt, Erica L. Balk, Sophie J. Faber, Willem Fisher, Jeffrey W. Hughes, Claude L. Lanzkron, Sophie M. Lewis, Kerry M. Marchetti, Francesco Mehendale, Harihara M. Rogers, John M. Shad, Aziza T. Skalko, Richard G. Stanek, Edward J. TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of hydroxyurea SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SICKLE-CELL-DISEASE; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; EMBRYONIC SPINAL-CORD; GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC TUMORS; THALASSEMIA-INTERMEDIA PATIENTS; SPERM CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; VITRO EMBRYOTOXICITY TEST; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; STAGE MOUSE EMBRYOS; DNA-SYNTHESIS C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. LLC, Willem Faber Toxicol Consulting, Victor, NY USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Louisiana, Monroe, LA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Liebelt, EL (reprint author), Care Of Shelby MD, NIEHS EC 32, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 NR 236 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 259 EP 366 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20123 PG 108 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 204KV UT WOS:000249043500001 PM 17712860 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Oliva, M AF Sullivan, James Oliva, Manuel TI Greenhouse gases - An effective strategy for managing GHG emissions SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Climate Leaders Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sullivan, J (reprint author), US EPA, Climate Leaders Program, Mail Stop 6202-J,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM sullivan.jamest@epamail.epa.gov; oliva.manuel@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHEMICAL WEEK ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 110 WILLIAM ST, 11TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 0009-2460 J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK JI Chem. Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 114 IS 8 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 204MD UT WOS:000249047100006 ER PT J AU Campo, P Zhao, Y Suidan, MT Venosa, AD Sorial, GA AF Campo, Pablo Zhao, Yuechen Suidan, Makram. T. Venosa, Albert D. Sorial, George A. TI Biodegradation kinetics and toxicity of vegetable oil triacylglycerols under aerobic conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE triacylglycerols; fatty acids; respirometry; toxicity; autoxidation ID MECHANISMS; LIPIDS AB The aerobic biodegradation of five triacylglycerols (TAGs), three liquids [triolein (000), trilinolein (LLL), and trilinolenin (LnLnLn)] and two solids [tripalmitin (PPP) and tristearin (SSS)] was studied in water. Respirometry tests were designed and conducted to determine the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) parameters of the compounds. In the case of the solid lipids, the degradation process was limited by their extremely non-polar nature. When added to water, PPP and SSS formed irregular clumps or gumballs, not a fine and uniform suspension required for the lipase activity. After 30 days, appreciable mineralization was not achieved; therefore, first-order biodegradation coefficients could not be determined. The bioavailability of the liquid TAGs was restricted due to the presence of double bonds in the fatty acids (FAs). An autoxidation process occurred in the allylic chains, resulting in the production of hydroperoxides. These compounds polymerized and became non-biodegradable. Nevertheless, the non-oxidized fractions were readily mineralized, and BOD rate constants were estimated by non-linear regression: LLL (k = 0.0061 h(-1)) and LnLnLn (k = 0.0071 h(-1)) were degraded more rapidly than 000 (k = 0.0025 h(-1)). Lipids strongly partitioned to the biomass and, therefore, Microtox((R)) toxicity was not observed in the water column. However, EC50 values (< 15% sample volume) were measured in the solid phase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu RI Campo, Pablo/K-7673-2015 OI Campo, Pablo/0000-0001-8569-9620 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2007 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2054 EP 2062 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214BH UT WOS:000249710500007 PM 17383709 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Future of energy SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10098-007-0107-6 PG 5 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IU UT WOS:000260825800002 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Sustainability and recycle-reuse in process systems SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Article DE Industrial sustainability; Sustainability metrics; Tools for sustainability; Recycle-reuse AB We have only one planet in which to live. Because of accelerating use of limited natural resources, its attendant environmental degradation, and societal inequity that has resulted among groups of people as well as that which will result between present and future generations, we generally recognize that the current development patterns are not sustainable for the long term. This realization calls for satisfying our needs by judiciously using renewable resources, recycling wastes and end-of-life products for beneficial uses, and reversing environmental degradation in some areas and minimizing environmental impacts in others. As new scientific and technological innovations are exploited to implement these goals, tools and methods are needed to ascertain that the direction of economic development for meeting increasing standard of living is protective of human life and ecology. Countries that are economically developed, and therefore wealthy, are in a better position to protect the environment than are the developing countries. This situation calls for technologies that are not only benign but also affordable for the developing world. This is the grand challenge of this century. Some ideas on the elements of this grand challenge that are relevant to the practice of chemistry and engineering are discussed here. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10098-007-0087-6 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IU UT WOS:000260825800003 ER PT J AU Parikh, S Ouedraogo, JB Goldstein, JA Rosenthal, PJ Kroetz, DL AF Parikh, S. Ouedraogo, J-B Goldstein, J. A. Rosenthal, P. J. Kroetz, D. L. TI Amodiaquine metabolism is impaired by common polymorphisms inCYP2C8: Implications for malaria treatment in Africa SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; STEADY-STATE PHARMACOKINETICS; ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; CYP2C8 POLYMORPHISM; ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS AB Metabolism of the antimalarial drug amodiaquine (AQ) into its primary metabolite, N-desethylamodiaquine, is mediated by CYP2C8. We studied the frequency of CYP2C8 variants in 275 malaria-infected patients in Burkina Faso, the metabolism of AQ by CYP2C8 variants, and the impact of other drugs on AQ metabolism. The allele frequencies of CYP2C8* 2 and CYP2C8* 3 were 0.155 and 0.003, respectively. No evidence was seen for influence of CYP2C8 genotype on AQ efficacy or toxicity, but sample size limited these assessments. The variant most common in Africans, CYP2C8* 2, showed defective metabolism of AQ (threefold higher Km and sixfold lower intrinsic clearance), and CYP2C8* 3 had markedly decreased activity. Considering drugs likely to be coadministered with AQ, the antiretroviral drugs efavirenz, saquinavir, lopinavir, and tipranavir were potent CYP2C8 inhibitors at clinically relevant concentrations. Variable CYP2C8 activity owing to genetic variation and drug interactions may have important clinical implications for the efficacy and toxicity of AQ. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Inst Rech Sci Sante, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parikh, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM sparikh@medsfgh.ucsf.edu RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [5K23AI060681]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM61390] NR 58 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1038/sj.clpt.2007.6100122 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 191AJ UT WOS:000248101800015 PM 17361129 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Jefferson, WN Newbold, RR Padilla-Banks, E Pepling, ME AF Chen, Ying Jefferson, Wendy N. Newbold, Retha R. Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth Pepling, Melissa E. TI Estradiol, progesterone, and genistein inhibit oocyte nest breakdown and primordial follicle assembly in the neonatal mouse ovary in vitro and in vivo SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BETA; GERM-CELLS; POLYOVULAR FOLLICLES; FEMALE MICE; FREQUENT OCCURRENCE; NULL MICE; ER-BETA; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE AB In developing mouse ovaries, oocytes develop as clusters of cells called nests or germ cell cysts. Shortly after birth, oocyte nests dissociate and granulosa cells surround individual oocytes forming primordial follicles. At the same time, two thirds of the oocytes die by apoptosis, but the link between oocyte nest breakdown and oocyte death is unclear. Although mechanisms controlling breakdown of nests into individual oocytes and selection of oocytes for survival are currently unknown, steroid hormones may play a role. Treatment of neonatal mice with natural or synthetic estrogens results in abnormal multiple oocyte follicles in adult ovaries. Neonatal genistein treatment inhibits nest breakdown suggesting multiple oocyte follicles are nests that did not break down. Here we investigated the role of estrogen signaling in nest breakdown and oocyte survival. We characterized an ovary organ culture system that recapitulates nest breakdown, reduction in oocyte number, primordial follicle assembly, and follicle growth in vitro. We found that estradiol, progesterone, and genistein inhibit nest breakdown and primordial follicle assembly but have no effect on oocyte number both in organ culture and in vivo. Fetal ovaries, removed from their normal environment of high levels of pregnancy hormones, underwent premature nest breakdown and oocyte loss that was rescued by addition of estradiol or progesterone. Our results implicate hormone signaling in ovarian differentiation with decreased estrogen and progesterone at birth as the primary signal to initiate oocyte nest breakdown and follicle assembly. These findings also provide insight into the mechanism of multiple oocyte follicle formation. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Dev Endocrinol & Endocrine Disruptor Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pepling, ME (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, 130 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM mepeplin@syr.edu RI Chen, Ying/G-3597-2010 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 49 TC 136 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 IS 8 BP 3580 EP 3590 DI 10.1210/en.2007-0088 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 190UT UT WOS:000248086800006 PM 17446182 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, D AF Shaughnessy, D. TI Mechanisms of antimutagens. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500018 ER PT J AU Tinkle, S AF Tinkle, S. TI Engineered nanomaterials for health and the environment: How did we get here and where are we going? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 534 EP 534 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500034 ER PT J AU Keshava, N AF Keshava, N. TI Challenges in assessing risk from low-dose chemical exposures. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 539 EP 539 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500048 ER PT J AU Preston, J Ross, J AF Preston, J. Ross, J. TI Availability of data in the low dose region and their uses in risk assessment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 540 EP 540 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500050 ER PT J AU Stork, LG Gennings, C DeVito, M Reeves, B Crofton, KM AF Stork, L. G. Gennings, C. DeVito, M. Reeves, B. Crofton, K. M. TI Testing for additivity in the low dose region of an environmentally relevant mixture of 18 PHAHs with discussion for guidelines on use. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 540 EP 540 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500051 ER PT J AU Lambert, JC Lipscomb, JC AF Lambert, J. C. Lipscomb, J. C. TI Approaches and assumptions regarding mode of action descriptions in chemical mixtures risk assessment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 541 EP 541 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500052 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Flowers, L AF Keshava, C. Flowers, L. TI Use of genotoxicity data in mode of action analysis for human health risk assessment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 545 EP 545 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500063 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R AF Schoeny, R. TI Establishing a carcinogenic mode of action using mutagenicity data. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 545 EP 545 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500064 ER PT J AU Guyton, KZ Barone, S Brown, RC Euling, SY Jinot, J Makris, S AF Guyton, K. Z. Barone, S., Jr. Brown, R. C. Euling, S. Y. Jinot, J. Makris, S. TI Mode of action frameworks for risk assessment: A critical analysis. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 562 EP 562 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500099 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Campbell, JA Tennant, AH AF Kligerman, A. D. Campbell, J. A. Tennant, A. H. TI Investigations into the mode of action (MOA) of arsenic using the single cell gel (SCG) assay and cytogenetics. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCBA, SEE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 562 EP 562 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500100 ER PT J AU Ward, B Swartz, C Hanley, N Warren, S DeMarini, D AF Ward, B. Swartz, C. Hanley, N. Warren, S. DeMarini, D. TI Use of gene expression analysis incorporating operon-transcriptional coupling and toxicant dose response to distinguish among structural homologues of MX. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 564 EP 564 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500103 ER PT J AU Meng, F Knapp, G Green, T Ross, J Parsons, B AF Meng, F. Knapp, G. Green, T. Ross, J. Parsons, B. TI ACB-PCR measurement of K-Ras codon 12 mutation in A/J mouse lung exposed to benzo[a]pyrene: A dose-response assessment. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 591 EP 591 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500162 ER PT J AU Shockley, M Divi, R Channa, K Poirier, M AF Shockley, M. Divi, R. Channa, K. Poirier, M. TI Variations in gene expression copy numbers and enzyme activities of cytochrome P4501B1CYP1B1 and NAD(P)H : quinone oxidoreductase NQO1 determine the level of benzo(A)pyrene-DNA adduct formation in 2 mammary epithelial cells. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 593 EP 593 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500166 ER PT J AU John, K Keshava, C Richardson, DL Weston, A Nath, J AF John, K. Keshava, C. Richardson, D. L. Weston, A. Nath, J. TI Gene expression profiles in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in the presence or absence of chlorophyllin. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 597 EP 597 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500175 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Gudi, R Szkudlinska, A Rao, M Recio, L Kehl, V Kirby, PE Polzin, G Richter, PA AF DeMarini, D. M. Gudi, R. Szkudlinska, A. Rao, M. Recio, L. Kehl, V Kirby, P. E. Polzin, G. Richter, P. A. TI Genotoxicity of ten cigarette smoke condensates in four test systems: Comparisons among assays and condensates. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. BioReliance, Rockville, MD USA. ILS, Durham, NC USA. SITEK, Rockville, MD USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 601 EP 601 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500184 ER PT J AU Mills, C DeVito, MJ AF Mills, C. DeVito, M. J. TI The effect of age on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activity in rat liver microsomes. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 615 EP 615 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500216 ER PT J AU Luben, TJ Olshan, AF Herring, AH Jeffay, S Strader, L Buus, RM Chan, RL Savitz, DA Singer, PC Weinberg, HS Perreault, SD AF Luben, Thomas J. Olshan, Andrew F. Herring, Amy H. Jeffay, Susan Strader, Lillian Buus, Rebecca M. Chan, Ronna L. Savitz, David A. Singer, Philip C. Weinberg, Howard S. Perreault, Sally D. TI The healthy men study: An evaluation of exposure to disinfection by-products in tap water and sperm quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; environmental exposure; epidemiology; haloacetic acids; human; male; reproduction; semen; sperm count; trihalomethanes ID DRINKING-WATER; DIBROMOACETIC ACID; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; SEMEN; RATS; SPERMATOTOXICITY; SPERMATOZOA; EPITHELIUM AB BACKGROUND: Chlorination of drinking water generates disinfection by-products (DBPs), which have been shown to disrupt spermatogenesis in rodents at high doses, suggesting that DBPs could pose a reproductive risk to men. In this study we assessed DBP exposure and testicular toxicity, as evidenced by altered semen quality. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study to evaluate semen quality in men with well-characterized exposures to DBPs. Participants were 228 presumed fertile men with different DBP profiles. They completed a telephone interview about demographics, health history, water consumption, and other exposures and provided a semen sample. Semen outcomes included sperm concentration and morphology, as well as DNA integrity and chromatin maturity. Exposures to DBPs were evaluated by incorporating data on water consumption and bathing and showering with concentrations measured in tap water. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the relationship between exposure to DBPs and adverse sperm outcomes. RESULTS: The mean (median) sperm concentration and sperm count were 114.2 (90-5) million/mL and 362 (265) million, respectively. The mean (median) of the four trihalomethane species (THM4) exposure was 45.7 (65.3) mu g/L, and the mean (median) of the nine haloacetic acid species (HAA9) exposure was 30.7 (44.2) mu g/L. These sperm parameters were not associated with exposure to these classes of DBPs. For other sperm outcomes, we found no consistent pattern of increased abnormal semen quality with elevated exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) or haloacetic acids (HAAs). The use of alternate methods for assessing exposure to DBPs and site-specific analyses did not change these results. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support an association between exposure to levels of DBPs near or below regulatory limits and adverse sperm outcomes in humans. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Luben, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, MD B 243-1, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luben.tom@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126, P30ES10126, T32 ES007018, T32ES007018] NR 32 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 18 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1289/ehp.10120 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 197CO UT WOS:000248531400030 PM 17687443 ER PT J AU Griffiths, C McGartland, A Miller, M AF Griffiths, Charles McGartland, Al Miller, Maggie TI Methylmercury and the brain: Griffiths et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID MERCURY; IQ C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Griffiths, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM griffiths.charles@epa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP A397 EP A398 DI 10.1289/ehp.10302R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 197CO UT WOS:000248531400004 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS Downs, PW AF Caruso, Brian S. Downs, Peter W. TI Rehabilitation and flood management planning in a steep, boulder-bedded stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stream; river; restoration; rehabilitation; catchment; watershed; New Zealand; coastal; urban; flood ID RIVER RESTORATION; URBAN STREAMS; ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; CHALLENGES; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; DEFENSE; CHANNEL AB This study demonstrates the integration of rehabilitation and flood management planning in a steep, boulder-bedded stream in a coastal urban catchment on the South Island of New Zealand. The Water of Leith, the primary stream flowing through the city of Dunedin, is used as a case study. The catchment is steep, with a short time of concentration and rapid hydrologic response, and the lower stream reaches are highly channelized with floodplain encroachment, a high potential for debris flows, significant flood risks, and severely degraded aquatic habitat. Because the objectives for rehabilitation and flood management in urban catchments are often conflicting, a number of types of analyses at both the catchment and the reach scales and careful planning with stakeholder consultation were needed for successful rehabilitation efforts. This included modeling and analysis of catchment hydrology, fluvial geomorphologic assessment, analysis of water quality and aquatic ecology, hydraulic modeling and flood risk evaluation, detailed feasibility studies, and preliminary design to optimize multiple rehabilitation and flood management objectives. The study showed that all of these analyses were needed for integrated rehabilitation and flood management and that some incremental improvements in stream ecological health, aesthetics, and public recreational opportunities could be achieved in this challenging environment. These methods should be considered in a range of types of stream rehabilitation projects. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM Caruso.Brian@epa.gov NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 256 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0099-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192VH UT WOS:000248231000008 PM 17602254 ER PT J AU Wigand, C McKinney, RA Cole, ML Thursby, GB Cummings, J AF Wigand, Cathleen McKinney, Richard A. Cole, Marci L. Thursby, Glen B. Cummings, Jean TI Varying stable nitrogen isotope ratios of different coastal marsh plants and their relationships with wastewater nitrogen and land use in New England, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE buffer; indicator; macroalgae; monitoring; nitrogen loading; phragmites australis; spartina alterniflora; spartina patens; stable isotopes; wastewater ID SALT-MARSH; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; FOOD WEBS; COMPETITION; NITRATE; BAY; ESTUARIES; ZONATION; ISLAND AB The stable nitrogen isotope ratios of some biota have been used as indicators of sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this study the relationships of the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of marsh plants, Iva frutescens (L.), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, Ulva lactuca (L.), and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) with wastewater nitrogen and land development in New England are described. Five of the six plant species (all but U. lactuca) showed significant relationships of increasing delta N-15 values with increasing wastewater nitrogen. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) downward shift in the delta N-15 of S. patens (6.0 +/- 0.48 parts per thousand) which is mycorrhizal compared with S. alterniflora (8.5 +/- 0.41 parts per thousand). The downward shift in delta N-15 may be caused by the assimilation of fixed nitrogen in the roots of S. patens. P. australis within sites had wide ranges of delta N-15 values, evidently influenced by the type of shoreline development or buffer at the upland border. In residential areas, the presence of a vegetated buffer (n = 24 locations) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the delta N-15 (mean = 7.4 +/- 0.43 parts per thousand) of the P. australis compared to stands where there was no buffer (mean = 10.9 +/- 1.0 parts per thousand; n = 15). Among the plant species, I. frutescens located near the upland border showed the most significant (R-2 = 0.64; P = 0.006) inverse relationship with the percent agricultural land in the watershed. The delta N-15 of P. australis and I. frustescens is apparently an indicator of local inputs near the upland border, while the delta N-15 of Spartina relates with the integrated, watershed-sea nitrogen inputs. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wigand, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM wigand.cathleen@epa.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9457-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181WV UT WOS:000247467900006 PM 17171277 ER PT J AU Nakayama, S Strynar, MJ Helfant, L Egeghy, P Ye, XB Lindstrom, AB AF Nakayama, Shoji Strynar, Mark J. Helfant, Laurence Egeghy, Peter Ye, Xibiao Lindstrom, Andrew B. TI Perfluorinated compounds in the Cape Fear Drainage Basin in North Carolina SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE CONCENTRATIONS; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; JAPAN; SERUM; CONTAMINANTS; KOREA; RIVER AB Concern over perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs), e.g., perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), is due to a number of recent studies which show that the PFCs are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic in animals. Despite sustained interest in this topic, little information is available concerning the environmental distributions of the compounds. In this study, a new method was developed for the analysis of 10 target PFCs and its performance was examined in a systematic evaluation of surface water in the Cape Fear River Basin in North Carolina. One hundred samples from 80 different locations were collected during the spring of 2006. Detectable levels of the target PFCs were found in all samples, and were comparable to values reported previously, with maximum PFOS at 132 ng/L, PFOA at 287 ng/L, perfluorononanoic acid (C9) at 194 ng/L, and perfluoroheptanoic acid (C7) at 329 ng/L. In general, the lowest concentrations of the PFCs were found in the smallest tributaries while the highest levels were found in middle reaches of the Drainage Basin. Variability of PFC concentrations suggests a series of source inputs throughout the Basin. Seventeen sample sites (22%) had PFOS concentrations greater than 43 ng/L, a conservative safe water concentration estimated to be protective of avian life. In addition, a total of 26 sites (32%) had PFOA concentrations above 40 ng/L. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008; OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 NR 27 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5271 EP 5276 DI 10.1021/es070792y PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600014 PM 17822090 ER PT J AU Ludwig, RD Su, CM Lee, TR Wilkin, RT Acree, SD Ross, RR Keeley, A AF Ludwig, Ralph D. Su, Chunming Lee, Tony R. Wilkin, Richard T. Acree, Steven D. Ross, Randall R. Keeley, Ann TI In situ chemical reduction of Cr(VI) in groundwater using a combination of ferrous sulfate and sodium dithionite: A field investigation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SURFACE CATALYSIS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FERRIC-OXIDE; FE-II; IRON; ADSORPTION; FE(II); REMOVAL AB A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a ferrous iron based in situ redox zone for the treatment of a dissolved phase Cr(VI) plume at a former industrial site. The ferrous iron based in situ redox zone was created by injecting a blend of 0.2 M ferrous sulfate and 0.2 M sodium dithionite into the path of a dissolved Cr(VI) plume within a shallow medium to fine sand unconfined aquifer formation. Monitoring data collected over a period of 1020 days after more than 100 m of linear groundwater flow through the treatment zone indicated sustained treatment of dissolved phase Cr(VI) from initial concentrations between 4 and 8 mg/L to less than 0.015 mg/L. Sustained treatment is assumed to be primarily due to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ferrous iron adsorbed to, precipitated on, and/or incorporated into aquifer iron (hydr)oxide solid surfaces within the treatment zone. Precipitated phases likely include FeCO(3) and FeS based on saturation index considerations and SEM/EDS analysis. The detection of solid phase sulfites and thiosulfates in aquifer sediments collected from the treatment zone more than 2 years following injection suggests dithionite decomposition products may also play a significant role in the long-term treatment of the dissolved phase Cr(VI). C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Ludwig, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ludwig.ralph@epa.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5299 EP 5305 DI 10.1021/es070025z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600018 PM 17822094 ER PT J AU Surratt, JD Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO Seinfeld, JH AF Surratt, Jason D. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. Seinfeld, John H. TI Effect of acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ACCRETION REACTIONS; SULFATE ESTERS; AMBIENT PM2.5; ALPHA-PINENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; CHAMBER; THERMODYNAMICS AB The effect of particle-phase acidity on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene is investigated in a laboratory chamber study, in which the acidity of the inorganic seed aerosol was controlled systematically. The observed enhancement in SOA mass concentration is closely correlated to increasing aerosol acidity (R-2 = 0.979). Direct chemical evidence for acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions was obtained from the SOA chemical analyses. Aerosol mass concentrations for the 2-methyltetrols, as well as the newly identified sulfate esters, both of which serve as tracers for isoprene SOA in ambient aerosols, increased significantly with enhanced aerosol acidity. Aerosol acidities, as measured in nmol of H+ m(-3), employed in the present study are in the same range as those observed in tropospheric aerosol collected from the eastern U.S. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450 NR 38 TC 196 Z9 200 U1 7 U2 102 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5363 EP 5369 DI 10.1021/es0704176 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600027 PM 17822103 ER PT J AU Grim, KC Wolfe, M Hawkins, T Johnson, R Wolf, J AF Grim, K. Christiana Wolfe, Marilyn Hawkins, William Johnson, Rodney Wolf, Jeffrey TI Intersex in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) used as negative controls in toxicologic bioassays: A review of 54 cases from 41 studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE medaka; intersex; endocrine; testis-ova; ova-testis ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; TESTIS-OVA; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PLASMA VITELLOGENIN; BISPHENOL-A AB Histologic assessment of the gonads to detect intersex has become a valuable end point in reproductive toxicologic testing for fish, and many studies have solidly linked intersex with exposure to endocrine active substances (EAS). An assumption in such studies is that spontaneous intersex does not occur in control fish. Using historical data derived from toxicologic tests with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), we report a retrospective study in which we identified 54 individual instances of intersex (testicular oocytes or ovarian testicular tissue) in control medaka from 15 of 41 selected toxicologic studies. These studies, comprised of previously unpublished data, had been conducted at three geographically distant laboratories, each of which utilized unique water sources, employed somewhat different culture protocols, and maintained distinct medaka breeding colonies. During our histologic examinations, we also identified three germ cell neoplasms that had been inadvertently diagnosed as intersex. In the present report, we review potential causes of intersex, discuss possible reasons why spontaneous intersex has rarely been reported, and propose suggestions for the judicious interpretation of intersex results in medaka studies involving EAS. C1 Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div ORD, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Wolf, J (reprint author), Registry Tumors Lower Anim, 22900 Shaw Rd,Suite 107, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. EM jwolf@epl-inc.com FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-CB-27034] NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1636 EP 1643 DI 10.1897/06-494R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 190UJ UT WOS:000248085800011 PM 17702336 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Mebane, CA Mount, DR Ivey, CD Kunz, JL Greer, IE May, TW Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, John M. Mebane, Christopher A. Mount, David R. Ivey, Chris D. Kunz, James L. Greer, I. Eugene May, Thomas W. Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Sensitivity of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) to acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metal toxicity; stream fishes; cotticlae; salmonidae; water quality criteria ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BROOK TROUT; PULP-MILL; STREAM; METALS; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; DOWNSTREAM; MOVEMENTS; RESPONSES AB Studies of fish communities of streams draining mining areas suggest that sculpins (Cottus spp.) may be more sensitive than salmonids to adverse effects of metals. We compared the toxicity of zinc, copper, and cadmium to mottled sculpin (C. bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in laboratory toxicity tests. Acute (96-h) and early life-stage chronic (21- or 28-d) toxicity tests were conducted with rainbow trout and with mottled sculpins from populations in Minnesota and Missouri, USA, in diluted well water (hardness = 100 mg/L as CaCO3). Acute and chronic toxicity of metals to newly hatched and swim-up stages of mottled sculpins differed between the two source populations. Differences between populations were greatest for copper, with chronic toxicity values (ChV = geometric mean of lowest-observed-effect concentration and no-observed-effect concentration) of 4.4 mu g/L for Missouri sculpins and 37 mu g/L for Minnesota sculpins. Cadmium toxicity followed a similar trend, but differences between sculpin populations were less marked, with ChVs of 1.1 mu g/L (Missouri) and 1.9 mu g/L (Minnesota). Conversely, zinc was more toxic to Minnesota sculpins (ChV = 75 mu g/L) than Missouri sculpins (chronic ChV = 219 mu Lg/L). Species-average acute and chronic toxicity values for mottled sculpins were similar to or lower than those for rainbow trout and indicated that mottled sculpins were among the most sensitive aquatic species to toxicity of all three metals. Our results indicate that current acute and chronic water quality criteria for cadmium, copper, and zinc adequately protect rainbow trout but may not adequately protect some populations of mottled sculpins. Proposed water quality criteria for copper based on the biotic ligand model would be protective of both sculpin populations tested. C1 US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 29 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1657 EP 1665 DI 10.1897/06-571R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 190UJ UT WOS:000248085800014 PM 17702339 ER PT J AU Frick, WE Khangaonkar, T Sigleo, AC Yang, ZQ AF Frick, Walter E. Khangaonkar, Tarang Sigleo, Anne C. Yang, Zhaoqing TI Estuarine-ocean exchange in a North Pacific estuary: Comparison of steady state and dynamic models SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE entrainment; nearshore currents; models; plumes; steady state; tidal currents; Pacific ocean; Oregon ID COASTAL OCEAN; OREGON COAST; BAY; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS; CLOSURE; PLUME; SEA; USA AB Nutrient levels in coastal waters must be accurately assessed to determine the nutrient effects of increasing populations on coastal ecosystems. To accomplish this goal, in-field data with sufficient temporal resolution are required to define nutrient sources and sinks, and to ultimately calculate nutrient budgets. Models then are required for the interpretation and analysis of data sets. To quantify the coastal ocean nitrogen input to Yaquina Bay, Oregon, nitrate concentrations were measured by a moored sensor hourly for one month during summer upwelling some distance outside the estuary entrance jetties. The time series results then were interpreted using a steady state model (Visual Plumes' PDSW) and a hydrodynamic model, the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The physical scales of many stream and river plumes often lie between the scales for outfall mixing zone plume models, such as those found in EPA's Visual Plumes, and larger-sized grid scales for regional circulation models like FVCOM. A potential advantage of relatively simple, steady state plume models is that they use entrainment terms to close the plume equations, theory that has proven useful in simulating turbulent plume discharges from various sources, some approaching the dimensions of rivers. Important advantages of models like FVCOM are that they are dynamic and include the effects of the Earth's rotation. The results showed that the steady-state plume model simulates observed velocity and concentration data fairly well during periods of strong discharge velocity and weak ambient coastal currents. FVCOM was judged to give better estimates under all other ambient current conditions, although the data from the mooring cannot be used to prove this assertion as stronger currents would deflect the plume away from the mooring. Nevertheless, plume models may be useful in establishing boundary and initial conditions for hydrodynamic models. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Battelle Marine Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Frick, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Ctr, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM frick.walter@epa.gov; tarang.khangaonkar@pnl.gov; sigleo.anne@epa.gov; zhaoqing.yang@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.019 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 188GN UT WOS:000247907900001 ER PT J AU Hagy, JD Murrell, MC AF Hagy, James D., III Murrell, Michael C. TI Susceptibility of a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary to hypoxia: An analysis using box models SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; water mixing; density stratification; eutrophication; Pensacola Bay; 30 degrees 30 ' N 87 degrees 10 ' W ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; MOBILE-BAY; LATERAL VARIABILITY; STRATIFIED ESTUARY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; BOTTOM WATERS; SHALLOW; DEPLETION; PATTERNS; VIRGINIA AB The extent of hypoxia and the physical factors affecting development and maintenance of hypoxia were examined for Pensacola Bay, Florida (USA) by conducting monthly water quality surveys for 3 years (2002-2004) and by constructing salt-and-water balance box models using the resulting data. We also analyzed data from earlier summer probabilistic water quality surveys (1996-1999). Hypoxia (O-2 < 2.0 mg L-1) affected an average of 24% (range = 16-36%) of the Bay bottom during 1996-1999 summer surveys; similar results were obtained using the 2002-2004 monthly survey data. The water column in Pensacola Bay was usually well-stratified, apparently as a result of the low amplitude (<50 cm) diurnal tide. which provides low mixing energy. Vertical diffusivity at the pycnocline was between 0.002 and 0.02 cm(2) s(-1), 10-fold less than comparable estimates for Chesapeake Bay, Maryland/Virginia. Residual (sub-tidal) estuarine circulation was sluggish, with landward velocity in the bottom layer between 1 and 4 cm s(-1) during summer. The observed physical transport regime severely limits exchange of bottom waters and is very conducive to development of hypoxia. Net non-conservative O-2 fluxes and physical O-2 inputs were generally in a dynamic balance during summer. such that the median imbalance, the accumulation or depletion of O-2, was only 11% of the non-conservative flux. Computed net non-conservative O-2 fluxes for the lower water column and sediments were generally low relative to other estuaries (<0.5 g, O-2 m(-2) d(-1)), indicating an absence of eutrophic conditions. This suggests that the current extent of hypoxia in Pensacola Bay may be largely attributable to natural susceptibility to hypoxia resulting from physical factors. Balanced O-2 metabolism or net autotrophy below the pycnocline was observed for some segments of the Bay. We hypothesize that 0, production resulting from photosynthesis below the pycnocline sometimes offset 0, consumption in Pensacola Bay bottom waters, potentially reducing development of hypoxia. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. RP Hagy, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563 USA. EM hagy.jim@epa.gov; murrell.michael@epa.gov NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.04.013 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 188GN UT WOS:000247907900022 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Dwyer, T Kasten, C Krotoski, D Li, Z Linet, MS Olsen, J Scheidt, P Winn, DM AF Brown, Rebecca C. Dwyer, Terence Kasten, Carol Krotoski, Danuta Li, Zhu Linet, Martha S. Olsen, Jorn Scheidt, Peter Winn, Deborah M. CA Int Childhood Cancer Cohort Consor TI The international childhood cancer cohort consortium (I4c) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; BIRTH COHORT; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; POOLED ANALYSIS; PARENTAL AGE; RISK-FACTOR; POLYMORPHISMS C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NIH, NCI, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. NICHHD, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW,8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM brown.rebecca@epa.gov NR 57 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 724 EP 730 DI 10.1093/ije/dyl299 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 218XW UT WOS:000250050300009 PM 17255350 ER PT J AU Curran, MA AF Curran, Mary Ann TI The InLCA/LCM conferences - How they came about SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 SI 1 BP 4 EP 4 DI 10.1065/lca2007.04.325 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192ZR UT WOS:000248243200003 ER PT J AU Curran, MA AF Curran, Mary Ann TI Co-product and input allocation approaches for creating life cycle inventory data: A literature review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Life Cycle Management CY AUG 27-29, 2007 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE co-product allocation; goal definition; life cycle assessment (LCA); life cycle inventory (LCI) ID ECONOMIC ALLOCATION; LCA; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Goal and Background. Allocation methodology for creating life cycle inventories is frequently addressed, yet the practice continues to be in a state of flux. Clearly there are many ways in which allocation can be carried out with no single method providing a general solution. ISO 14041 identifies a methodological framework, although it does not provide specific guidance on when and how to apply the steps that are outlined in the standard. An expansion, or elaboration, of the current ISO framework for allocation is needed. Method. A literature search was conducted on the various allocation schemes that are used to create life cycle inventories, with a focus on industrial processes. The results are grouped by 'general guidelines' and 'industry-specific' applications. Results and Discussion. The search uncovered procedures that support larger efforts, such as the U.S. Database Project and CML's Operational Guide. Other researchers conducted industry-specific studies to examine the effect of that varying inputs has on outputs. These studies typically attempt to demonstrate how allocation depends on a system's operation. Conclusions. A recurring theme is the need to match the methodological choice with the goal of the study. However, guidance remains lacking. While system expansion is the preferred approach and avoids allocation altogether, it leads to a larger, more complicated model that requires more data. Data accessibility, time, and effort become significant and bring the practicality of applying system expansion into question Recommendations and Perspectives. It would be useful to develop the range of allocation approaches aligned with different applications (i.e. goals). These approaches should be tested in various case studies for further discussion within the LCA community. Emphasis in these tests should be on the effect of modelling variations on the decision outcome when analyzing an entire system and not focus at the single process level. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 19 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 SI 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1065/lca2006.08.268 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192ZR UT WOS:000248243200011 ER PT J AU Kim, DI Hasan, S Tang, G Couillard, L Shijkairy, H Kim, JH AF Kim, Doo-Il Hasan, Sabah Tang, George Couillard, Lon Shijkairy, Hiba Kim, Jae-Hong TI Simultaneous simulation - Of pathogen inactivation and bromate formation in full-scale ozone contactors by computer software SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; BUBBLE-DIFFUSER CONTACTOR; SEQUENTIAL INACTIVATION; INDIGO METHOD; OZONATION; CHLORINE; WATER AB Ozone contactor model (OCM) software was developed as an innovative tool for full-scale ozone bubble-diff user contactor design and optimization in support of current and future regulations regarding pathogen and bromate control in drinking water. The software is based on the reactive transport model that has been experimentally verified with lab-, pilot-, and full-scale ozone contactors in previous studies.The OCM is designed to be user-friendly with graphical user interfaces and operates on personal computers so that users can perform complex simulationtasks undervarious design and operating scenarios without extensive training. The details of software structure and usage guidelines are provided in this article. Demonstrative application of the OCIM for simulating the performance of a full-scale ozone contactor with respectto Cryptosporidium parvum o o cyst inactivation and bromate formation was performed using experimental results obtained from the Linnwood Water Plant Ozone Facility (LWPOF) at the Milwaukee (Wis.) Water Works. The model was further applied to simulate the performance of this ozone contactor at different operating temperatures. The simulation results suggest that meeting inactivation requirementsfor C. parvumoocysts is more challenging at lower temperatures, while controlling bromate formation is more challenging at higher temperatures. Additional simulations suggest that ozone contactors be designed with the lowest possible dispersion in order to achieve target inactivation efficiency with minimum formation of bromate. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Milwaukee Water Works, Milwaukee, WI USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kim, DI (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dikim2l@hanmail.net RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 99 IS 8 BP 77 EP + PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 198RI UT WOS:000248644800017 ER PT J AU Binkowski, FS Arunachalam, S Adelman, Z Pinto, JP AF Binkowski, Francis S. Arunachalam, Saravanan Adelman, Zachariah Pinto, Joseph P. TI Examining photolysis rates with a prototype Online photolysis module in CMAQ SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACCURATE SIMULATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MODEL DESCRIPTION; CHEMICAL-MODELS; AEROSOL; OZONE AB A prototype online photolysis module has been developed for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The module calculates actinic fluxes and photolysis rates ( j values) at every vertical level in each of seven wavelength intervals from 291 to 850 nm, as well as the total surface irradiance and aerosol optical depth within each interval. The module incorporates updated opacity at each time step, based on changes in local ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particle concentrations. The module is computationally efficient and requires less than 5% more central processing unit time than using the existing CMAQ "lookup" table method for calculating j values. The main focus of the work presented here is to describe the new online module as well as to highlight the differences between the effective cross sections from the lookup-table method currently being used and the updated effective cross sections from the new online approach. Comparisons of the vertical profiles for the photolysis rates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O-3) from the new online module with those using the effective cross sections from a standard CMAQ simulation show increases in the rates of both NO2 and O-3 photolysis. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Carolina Environm Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Binkowski, FS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Carolina Environm Program, Bank Amer Plaza 137 E,Franklin St,CB 6116, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM frank_binkowski@unc.edu OI Arunachalam, Saravanan/0000-0002-6836-6944 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1252 EP 1256 DI 10.1175/JAM2531.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 202QU UT WOS:000248918900007 ER PT J AU Jewell, CM Cidlowski, JA AF Jewell, Christine M. Cidlowski, John A. TI Molecular evidence for a link between the N363S glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism and altered gene expression SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID SERUM-AMYLOID-A; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CENTRAL OBESITY; KAPPA-B; ASSOCIATION; MECHANISMS; VARIANT; DISEASE; PROTEIN; MEN AB Context: A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) N363S (rs6195) has been the focus of several clinical studies, and some epidemiological data link this SNP to increased glucocorticoid sensitivity, coronary artery disease, and increased body mass index. However, molecular studies in vitro using reporter gene expression systems have failed, for the most part, to define a link between this polymorphism and altered glucocorticoid receptor function. Objective: The objective of this study was to address the biological relevancy of N363S SNP in GR function by establishing stable U-2 OS (human osteosarcoma) cell lines expressing wild-type hGR or N363S and examining these receptors under a variety of conditions that probe for GR activity including human gene microarray analysis. Design: Functional assays with reporter gene systems, Western blotting, and human microarray analysis were used to evaluate the activity of wild-type and N363S GR in both transiently and stably expressing cells. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the microarray analysis. Results: Functional assays with reporter gene systems and homologous down-regulation revealed only minor differences between the wild-type hGR and N363S receptors in both transiently and stably expressing cell lines. However, examination of the two receptors by human gene microarray analysis revealed a unique gene expression profile for N363S. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the N363S SNP regulates a novel set of genes with several of the regulated genes supporting a potential role for this GR polymorphism in human diseases. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cidlows1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090057-12] NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3268 EP 3277 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-0642 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 197QK UT WOS:000248570600068 PM 17535992 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Ashley, P Haugland, R Yeatts, K Bradham, K Svendsen, E AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Ashley, Peter Haugland, Richard Yeatts, Karin Bradham, Karen Svendsen, Erik TI Quantitative PCR analysis of molds in the dust from homes of asthmatic children in North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID FUNGI; WATER AB The vacuum bag (VB) dust from the homes of 19 asthmatic children in North Carolina (NC) was analyzed by mold specific quantitative PCR. These results were compared to the analysis of the VB dust from 176 homes in the HUD, American Healthy Home Survey of homes in the US. The Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) was calculated for each of the homes. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the ERMI values in the homes of the NC asthmatic children was 16.4 (6.77), compared to the HUD survey VB ERMI value mean and SD of 11.2 (6.72), and was significantly greater (t-test, p = 0.003) in the NC asthmatic children's homes. The molds Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and the Eurotium Group were the primary species in the NC homes of asthmatics, making the ERMI values significantly higher (P < 0.02 for each). Vacuum bag dust analysis may be a useful method for estimating the mold burden in a home. C1 US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, CEMLAB, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, 26 W ML King Ave,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vesper.stephen@epa.gov RI Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 826 EP 830 DI 10.1039/b704359g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 206EA UT WOS:000249165500014 PM 17671663 ER PT J AU Lioy, PJ Vallero, D Foley, G Georgopoulos, P Heiser, J Watson, T Reynolds, M Daloia, J Tong, S Isukapalli, S AF Lioy, Paul J. Vallero, Daniel Foley, Gary Georgopoulos, Panos Heiser, John Watson, Tom Reynolds, Michael Daloia, James Tong, Sai Isukapalli, Sastry TI A personal exposure study employing scripted activities and paths in conjunction with atmospheric releases of perfluorocarbon tracers in Manhattan, New York SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE personal exposure; perfluorocarbon tracers; emission sources and urban populations; neighborhood activities; emergency responders AB A personal exposure study was conducted in New York City as part of the Urban Dispersion Program ( UDP). It examined the contact of individuals with four harmless perflourocarbon tracers ( PFT) released in Midtown Manhattan with approval by city agencies at separate locations, during two types of experiments, completed during each release period. Two continuous 1 h release periods separated by a 1.5 h ventilation time were completed on 3 October 2005. Stationary site and personal exposure measurements were taken during each period, and the first half hour after the release ended. Two types of scripted exposure activities are reported: Outdoor Source Scale, and Outdoor Neighborhood Scale; requiring 1- and 10- min duration samples, respectively. The results showed that exposures were influenced by the surface winds, the urban terrain, and the movements of people and vehicles typical in urban centers. The source scale exposure data indicated that local conditions significantly affected the distribution of each tracer, and consequently the exposures. The highest PFT exposures resulted from interaction of the scripted activities with local surface conditions. The range measured for 1- min exposures were large with measured values exceeding 5000 ppqv ( parts per quadrillion by volume). The neighborhood scale measurements quantified exposures at distances up to seven blocks away from the release points. Generally, but not always, the PFT levels returned quickly to zero indicating that after cessation of the emissions the concentrations decrease rapidly, and reduce the intensity of local exposures. The near source and neighborhood personal exposure route results provided information to establish a baseline for determining how a release could affect both the general public and emergency responders, and evaluate the adequacy of re- entry or exit strategies from a local area. Finally, the data also show that local characteristics can produce "hot spots''. C1 UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA Reg 2, Edison, NJ USA. RP Lioy, PJ (reprint author), UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, EOHSI, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd,Room 301, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM plioy@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022, ES05022-1551] NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 409 EP 425 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500567 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 199CS UT WOS:000248674400001 PM 17505505 ER PT J AU Allen, R Wallace, L Larson, T Sheppard, L Liu, LJS AF Allen, Ryan Wallace, Lance Larson, Timothy Sheppard, Lianne Liu, Lee-Jane Sally TI Evaluation of the recursive model approach for estimating particulate matter infiltration efficiencies using continuous light scattering data SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; infiltration; recursive model; light scattering; sulfur ID GENERATED PARTICLES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; MASS CONCENTRATION; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; FINE PARTICULATE; INDOOR; AMBIENT; OUTDOOR; AEROSOL; PM2.5 AB Quantifying particulate matter (PM) infiltration efficiencies (F-inf) in individual homes is an important part of PM exposure assessment because individuals spend the majority of time indoors. While F-inf of fine PM has most commonly been estimated using tracer species such as sulfur, here we evaluate an alternative that does not require particle collection, weighing and compositional analysis, and can be applied in situations with indoor sources of sulfur, such as environmental tobacco smoke, gas pilot lights, and humidifier use. This alternative method involves applying a recursive mass balance model (recursive model, RM) to continuous indoor and outdoor concentration measurements (e.g., light scattering data from nephelometers). We show that the RM can reliably estimate F-inf, a crucial parameter for determining exposure to particles of outdoor origin. The RM F-inf estimates showed good agreement with the conventional filter-based sulfur tracer approach. Our simulation results suggest that the RM F-inf estimates are minimally impacted by measurement error. In addition, the average light scattering response per unit mass concentration was greater indoors than outdoors; after correcting for differences in light scattering response the median deviation from sulfur F-inf was reduced from 15 to 11%. Thus, we have verified the RM applied to light scattering data. We show that the RM method is unable to provide satisfactory estimates of the individual components of F-inf (penetration efficiency, air exchange rate, and deposition rate). However, this approach may allow F-inf to be estimated in more residences, including those with indoor sources of sulfur. We show that individual homes vary in their infiltration efficiencies, thereby contributing to exposure misclassification in epidemiological studies that assign exposures using ambient monitoring data. This variation across homes indicates the need for home-specific estimation methods, such as the RM or sulfur tracer, instead of techniques that give average estimates of infiltration across homes. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. RP Allen, R (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, 2220-2 W Mall Ctr,8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM allenr@sfu.ca RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU PHS HHS [P3OES07033] NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500539 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 199CS UT WOS:000248674400006 PM 17108894 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Gilbert, ME AF Royland, J. E. Gilbert, M. E. TI Thyroid insufficiency and gene expression in developing rat brain: A dose response study SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Sco Neurochem, Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 102 SU 1 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 203RL UT WOS:000248991600141 ER PT J AU Sawin, D Banach, L Harry, GL AF Sawin, D. Banach, L. Harry, G. L. TI Rafts activation: A novel mechanism required for microglial phagocytosis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Sco Neurochem, Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 102 SU 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 203RL UT WOS:000248991600172 ER PT J AU Funk, JA McPherson, CA Harry, GJ AF Funk, J. A. McPherson, C. A. Harry, G. J. TI Interleukin-6 mRNA elevation in running wheel induced neuroprotection SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Sco Neurochem, Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 102 SU 1 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 203RL UT WOS:000248991600292 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Langenbach, R Bosetti, F AF Choi, S. H. Langenbach, R. Bosetti, F. TI Cyclooxygenase-1-deficient mice show decreased inflammation and neurodegeneration in response to lipopolysaccharide SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Sco Neurochem, Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Natl Inst Aging, NIH, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 102 SU 1 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 203RL UT WOS:000248991600492 ER PT J AU Coburn, CG Curras-Callazo, MC Kodavanti, PS AF Coburn, C. G. Curras-Callazo, M. C. Kodavanti, P. S. TI In vitro effects of brominated flame retardants on calcium buffering mechanisms in rat brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Sco Neurochem, Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Eovironm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 102 SU 1 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 203RL UT WOS:000248991600516 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Haugland, R Wymer, L Bradham, K Ashley, P Cox, D Dewalt, G Friedman, W AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Haugland, Richard Wymer, Larry Bradham, Karen Ashley, Peter Cox, David Dewalt, Gray Friedman, Warren TI Development of an environmental relative moldiness index for US homes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; AIRBORNE FUNGI; OUTDOOR AIR; ASTHMA; PROPAGULES; BUILDINGS; DUSTBORNE; CHILDREN; WATER; DUST AB Objective: The objective of this study, was to establish a national relative moldiness index for homes in the United States. Methods: As part of the Housing and Urban Development's American Healthy Homes Survey, dust samples were collected by vacuuming 2 m(2) in the bedrooms plus 2 m(2) in the living rooms from a nationally, representative 1096 homes in the United States using the Mitest sampler. Five milligrams of sieved (300 mu m pore, nylon mesh) dust was analyzed by mold-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the 36 indicator species in 1096 samples. Results: On the basis of this standardized national sampling and analysis, an "Environmental Relative Moldiness Index" was created with values ranging from about -10 to 20 or above (lowest to highest). vi Conclusions: The Environmental Relative Moldiness Index scale may be useful for home mold-burden estimates in epidemiological studies. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. Quan Tech, Arlington, VA USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 19 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 49 IS 8 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181255e98 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200OF UT WOS:000248772000002 PM 17693779 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CS Gochfeld, M Shubert, J Kipen, H Moline, J Langlieb, A Everly, GS Udasin, I Wartenberg, D Paulson, G AF Mitchell, Clifford S. Gochfeld, Michael Shubert, Jan Kipen, Howard Moline, Jacqueline Langlieb, Alan Everly, George S., Jr. Udasin, Iris Wartenberg, Daniel Paulson, Glenn TI Surveillance of workers responding under the national response plan SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRADE-CENTER DISASTER; MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; CENTER SITE; FIREFIGHTERS; FIRE; WORKPLACE; EXPOSURE; ATTACKS AB The National Response Plan (NRP) establishes the framework for the nation's response to major disasters. We offer seven recommendations related to surveillance of workers who respond to events under the NRP. These recommendations address the rationale for and principles of medical surveillance in the context of large-scale disasters and the NRP; means of identifying and registering the populations that should be included. in surveillance activities; the role of exposure assessment in medical surveillance; behavioral health issues; and principles regarding the communication and use of surveillance data. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Johns Hopkins Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mitchell, CS (reprint author), Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 201 W Preston St,Room 321, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM CMitchell@dhmh.state.md.us RI Mitchell, Clifford/K-3936-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022]; PHS HHS [U90/CCU224257, U90/CCU324236] NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 49 IS 8 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318145b2b0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200OF UT WOS:000248772000014 PM 17693791 ER PT J AU Miller, CA Lemieux, PM AF Miller, C. Andrew Lemieux, Paul M. TI Emissions from the burning of vegetative debris in air curtain destructors SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID KILN INCINERATOR SIMULATOR; TRANSIENT PUFFS; WASTES; FOREST AB Although air curtain destructors (ACDs) have been used for quite some time to dispose of vegetative debris, relatively little in-depth testing has been conducted to quantify emissions of pollutants other than CO and particulate matter. As part of an effort to prepare for possible use of ACDs to dispose of the enormous volumes of debris generated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the literature on ACD emissions was reviewed to identify potential environmental issues' associated with ACD disposal of construction and demolition (C&D) debris. Although no data have been published on emissions from C&D debris combustion in an ACD, a few studies provided information on emissions from the combustion of vegetative debris. These studies are reviewed, and the results compared with studies of open burning of biomass. Combustion,of vegetative debris in ACD units results in significantly lower emissions of particulate matter and CO per unit of mass of debris compared with open pile burning. The available data are not sufficient to make general estimates regarding emissions of organic or metal compounds. The highly transient nature of the ACD combustion process, a minimal degree of operational. control, and significant variability in debris properties make accurate prediction of ACD emissions impossible in general. Results of scoping tests conducted in preparation for possible in-depth emissions tests demonstrate the challenges associated with sampling ACD emissions and highlight the transient nature of the process. The environmental impacts of widespread use of ACDs for disposal of vegetative debris and their potential use to reduce the volume of C&D debris in future disaster response scenarios remain a considerable gap in understanding the risks associated with debris disposal options. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Miller, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM miller.andy@epa.gov RI Miller, Andrew/C-5777-2011 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 57 IS 8 BP 959 EP 967 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.8.959 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198FS UT WOS:000248613000009 PM 17824286 ER PT J AU Elliot, SJ Berho, M Korach, K Doublier, S Lupia, E Striker, GE Karl, M AF Elliot, S. J. Berho, M. Korach, K. Doublier, S. Lupia, E. Striker, G. E. Karl, M. TI Gender-specific effects of endogenous testosterone: Female alpha- estrogen receptor-deficient C57Bl/6J mice develop glomerulosclerosis SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE genetic traits; estrogens; androgens; androgens receptor; menopause; kidney ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; RENAL-DISEASE; MESANGIAL CELLS; TGF-BETA; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL REPLACEMENT; DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; COLLAGEN-SYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CROSS-TALK AB Young female mice on a C57Bl/6J (B6) background are considered glomerulosclerosis (GS)-resistant but aging B6 mice develop mild GS. Estrogen deficiency accelerates while estrogen replacement retards GS in young sclerosis-prone oligosyndactyly mutant mice on an ROP background. To explore the effects of sex hormones on glomerular structure and function in the context of gender and genetic background, we studied mice in which the estrogen-receptor ( ER) genes alpha- or -beta were deleted alpha- or beta ER knockout (KO) and crossed into the B6 background. We also studied ovariectomized (Ovx) B6 mice given testosterone. Male and female beta ERKO and male alpha ERKO mice had no glomerular dysfunction at 9 months of age; however, aERKO female mice displayed albuminuria and GS. Ovx prevented glomerular dysfunction in aERKO female mice by eliminating endogenous testosterone production while exogenous testosterone induced GS in Ovx B6 mice. Androgen receptor (AR) expression and function was found in microdissected glomeruli and cultured mesangial cells. Testosterone compared to placebo increased both AR expression and TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels in glomeruli isolated from female B6 mice. Estrogen deficiency had no deleterious effects on the glomeruli in B6 mice. Our study shows that genetic traits strongly influence the GS-promoting effects of estrogen deficiency while testosterone induces GS in a gender-specific manner. C1 Univ Miami, L Miller Sch Med, Study Grp, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, L Miller Sch Med, Lab Sex & Gender Differences Hlth & Dis, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Receptor Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Karl, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, L Miller Sch Med, Study Grp, Dept Med, 1600 NW 10th Ave,RMSB 1043 R-104, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM mkarl@med.miami.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU NIA NIH HHS [R01AG17170-05A5] NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1038/sj.ki.5002328 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 199CZ UT WOS:000248675100013 PM 17495854 ER PT J AU Cantwell, MG King, JW Burgess, RM Appleby, PG AF Cantwell, Mark G. King, John W. Burgess, Robert M. Appleby, Peter G. TI Reconstruction of contaminant trends in a salt wedge estuary with sediment cores dated using a multiple proxy approach SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE contamination history; cores; dating; sedimentation rate; PCB; PAH; heavy metals ID NARRAGANSETT BAY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; RHODE-ISLAND; RIVER-BASIN; HISTORY AB The Taunton River is a partially mixed tidal estuary in southeastern Massachusetts (USA) which has received significant contaminant inputs, yet little information exists on the history of discharge and the subsequent fate of these contaminants. Three sediment cores taken along a transect were analyzed, reconstructing the spatial and temporal trends of pollution in the estuary. A combination of radiometric dating, contaminant markers, and storm layers from major hurricanes were used to establish age models and sedimentation rates. Age estimates obtained from the different dating methods compared well, establishing an accurate history of contaminant release to the estuary. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were present in one core at depths corresponding to the early 1860s, earlier than previously established dates of introduction. Temporal and spatial trends of Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb indicated multiple sources of varying input to the river. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were present in each of the cores from the 1930s onward, with elevated levels still present in surficial sediments at several sites. A unique organic compound, Topanol, which was produced locally was used as a tracer to track contaminant transport in the river. Tracer data indicates that contaminants are still being transported and deposited to surficial sediments at high concentrations well after their discharge. This reconstruction demonstrates the utility of using multiple dating proxies where often the sole use of radiometric dating techniques is not an option and provides insights into the fate of contaminants discharged decades ago but continue to represent environmental risks. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Math Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Cantwell, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Cantwell.mark@epa.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 225 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.01.004 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 196NE UT WOS:000248488500009 PM 17328947 ER PT J AU Li, HL Zhao, QH Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Hailong Zhao, Qinghong Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI A universal nutrient application strategy for the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE nutrient injection; oil-polluted beaches; biostimulation; bioremediation; numerical simulation; optimal strategy; Seawater-freshwater circulation; dimensionless model ID WATER-TABLE; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; COASTAL AQUIFER; FLOW; MODEL; BIODEGRADATION; SHORELINE; VISCOSITY; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY AB Biostimulation by nutrient application is a viable technology for restoring oil-contaminated beaches. Maximizing the nutrient residence time is key for achieving a rapid cost-effective cleanup. We considered the nutrient injection strategy through a perforated pipe at the high tide line and we simulated numerically beach hydraulics, which allowed us to estimate the optimal injection flow rate of nutrient solution. Our results indicate that the optimal application is one that starts following the falling high tide and lasts for half tidal cycle. The saturated wet-front of the nutrient solution on the beach surface would move seaward with the same speed of the failing tide keeping a constant distance with the tide line. The numerical results were generalized to beaches of wide ranges of hydraulic and tidal properties using a novel dimensionless formulation for water flow and solute transport in porous media. Nomographs were presented to provide the flow rate based on four parameters: The beach slope and hydraulic conductivity, and tidal amplitude and period. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM hailong@graduate.hku.hk; qinghong@temple.edu; boufadel@temple.edu; Venosa.Albert@epamail.epa.gov RI Li, Hailong/H-8484-2013 OI Li, Hailong/0000-0002-2894-0817 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1161 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.015 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206CU UT WOS:000249162300018 PM 17588615 ER PT J AU Zhou, T Chou, J Zhou, YC Simpson, DA Cao, F Bushel, PR Paules, RS Kaufmann, WK AF Zhou, Tong Chou, Jeff Zhou, Yingchun Simpson, Dennis A. Cao, Feng Bushel, Pierre R. Paules, Richard S. Kaufmann, William K. TI Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated-dependent DNA damage checkpoint functions regulate gene expression in human fibroblasts SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; CELL-CYCLE; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENOTOXIC STRESS; GROWTH-FACTORS; ATM MUTATIONS; P53 PROTEIN; RESPONSES AB The relationships between profiles of global gene expression and DNA damage checkpoint functions were studied in cells from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Three telomerase-expressing AT fibroblast lines displayed the expected hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and defects in DNA damage checkpoints. Profiles of global gene expression in AT cells were determined at 2, 6, and 24 h after treatment with 1.5-Gy IR or sham treatment and were compared with those previously recognized in normal human fibroblasts. Under basal conditions, 160 genes or expressed sequence tags were differentially expressed in AT and normal fibroblasts, and these were associated by gene ontology with insulin-like growth factor binding and regulation of cell growth. On DNA damage, 1,091 gene mRNAs were changed in at least two of the three AT cell lines. When compared with the 1,811 genes changed in normal human fibroblasts after the same treatment, 715 were found in both AT and normal fibroblasts, including most genes categorized by gene ontology into cell cycle, cell growth, and DNA damage response pathways. However, the IR-induced changes in these 715 genes in AT cells usually were delayed or attenuated in comparison with normal cells. The reduced change in DNA damage response genes and the attenuated repression of cell cycle-regulated genes may account for the defects in cell cycle checkpoint function in AT cells. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kaufmann, WK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Ctr Environm Hlth & Susceptibil, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM wkarlk@med.unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES021157-17]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126, U19 ES011391, ES11391, ES10126] NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 5 IS 8 BP 813 EP 822 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-0104 PG 10 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 201WA UT WOS:000248862100006 PM 17699107 ER PT J AU Kangsamaksin, T Park, HJ Trempus, CS Morris, RJ AF Kangsamaksin, Thaned Park, Heui Joon Trempus, Carol S. Morris, Rebecca J. TI A perspective on murine keratinocyte stem cells as targets of chemically induced skin cancer SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Skin Carcinogenesis Conference CY NOV 09-12, 2006 CL Univ Texas, Canc Ctr, Sci Park-Res Div, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas, Canc Ctr, Sci Park-Res Div DE stem cells; epidermis; skin carcinogenesis ID HAIR FOLLICLE BULGE; TRANSGENIC MICE; RAS ONCOGENE; CARCINOGEN; EXPRESSION; EPIDERMIS; HYPERKERATOSIS; POPULATIONS; ENRICHMENT; UNIT AB Although ideas on the stem cell origins of cancer date more than one hundred years, critical evidence to support these theories is largely lacking. Our objective here is to outline our historical perspective on keratinocyte stem cells in the cutaneous epithelium and to summarize specific evidence suggesting that epithelial stem cells may contribute to chemically induced skin cancer. We note that, while strong evidence does support this hypothesis, experiments in progress may provide direct visualization of tumors derived from hair follicle stem cells. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Canc Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Morris, RJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Dermatol, 630 W 168th St,VC 15-216, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1002/mc.20355 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 198YJ UT WOS:000248663100002 PM 17583566 ER PT J AU Melendi, GA Laham, FR Monsalvo, AC Casellas, JM Israele, V Polack, NR Kleeberger, SR Polack, FP AF Melendi, Guillermina A. Laham, Federico R. Monsalvo, A. Clara Casellas, Javier M. Israele, Victor Polack, Norberto R. Kleeberger, Steven R. Polack, Fernando P. TI Cytokine profiles in the respiratory tract during primary infection with human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or influenza virus in infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE human metapneumovirus; influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; T helper ID VIRAL-INFECTIONS; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; BALB/C MICE; RESPONSES; GAMMA; CHILDREN; IMMUNITY; DISEASE AB Objectives. We characterized the T helper cytokine profiles in the respiratory tract of infants infected with influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus to examine whether these agents elicit similar cytokine responses and whether T helper type 2 polarization is associated with wheezing and severe disease. Methods. A prospective study of infants who were seeking medical help for acute upper and/or lower respiratory tract infection symptoms for the first time and were found to be infected with influenza, human metapneumovirus, or respiratory syncytial virus was performed. Respiratory viruses were detected in nasal secretions with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. The study was performed in emergency departments and outpatient clinics in Buenos Aires, Argentina. T cell cytokine responses were determined in nasal secretions with immunoassays and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. Results. Influenza elicited higher levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin- 4, and interleukin-2 than did the other agents. Human metapneumovirus had the lowest interferon-gamma/ interleukin- 4 ratio (T helper type 2 bias). However, no association was found between T helper type 2 bias and overall wheezing or hospitalization rates. Conclusions. These findings show that viral respiratory infections in infants elicit different cytokine responses and that the pathogeneses of these agents should be studied individually. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Fdn INFANT, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Materno Infantil San Isidro, Div Infect Dis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Melendi, GA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 615 N Wolfe St,E5202, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM fpolack@jhsph.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-054952] NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP E410 EP E415 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3283 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 196SY UT WOS:000248503500065 PM 17671045 ER PT J AU Cavallazzi, JRP Filho, OK Stuermer, SL Rygiewicz, PT de Mendonca, MM AF Cavallazzi, Jose Renato Pereira Filho, Osmar Klauberg Stuermer, Sidney Luiz Rygiewicz, Paul T. de Mendonca, Margarida Matos TI Screening and selecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for inoculating micropropagated apple rootstocks in acid soils SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE acid soils; aluminum; Brazil; micropropagated apple; mycorrhizae; plant-microorganisms interaction; nutrient content; plant growth ID ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MINERAL ACQUISITION; ROOT COLONIZATION; PINEAPPLE PLANTS; FIELD CONDITIONS; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; GLOMUS; FERTILIZATION; ESTABLISHMENT AB Santa Catarina state is the largest producer of apples in Brazil. Soils in this region have low pH and high levels of aluminum and manganese, requiring high inputs of fertilizers and amendments increasing costs of apple production. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the establishment of micropropagated apple plants in such adverse soil conditions. Soil samples were collected from apple orchards in the Cacador, Fraiburgo and Sao Joaquim regions to develop a corn bioassay to identify mycorrhizal communities with high infectivity. Eleven fungal species were identified from one Cacador soil with the highest infectivity. Glomus etunicatum SCT110, Scutellospora pellucida SCT111, Acaulospora scrobiculata SCT112 and Scutellospora heterogama SCT113 were brought into single-species culture and used in a plant growth and nutrient uptake experiment using micropropagated apple (Malus prunifolia), cultivated at three soil pH. Colonization by fungal isolates significantly affected plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and root:shoot ratio. Soil pH also significantly affected all growth parameters except shoot dry weight. Mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly altered tissue concentrations of P, Zn, Cu, Ca, S, Na, N, K, Fe and Al. Association with mycorrhizal fungi increased P concentration and also decreased Al concentrations in the shoots. Overall, G. etunicatum and S. pellucida were the most effective isolates to promote plant growth and nutrient uptake. Inoculation of apple rootstock with selected fungal isolates during the acclimatization stage represents a useful strategy for producing micropropagated apples that can withstand acidic soil conditions. C1 Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Dept Solos, BR-88520000 Lages, SC, Brazil. Univ Reg Blumenau, Dept Ciencias Nat, BR-89010971 Blumenau, SC, Brazil. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP de Mendonca, MM (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Cx P 476, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM margarid1@terra.com.br NR 50 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s11240-006-9163-6 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 198JJ UT WOS:000248624100001 ER PT J AU Kluza, DA Vieglais, DA Andreasen, JK Peterson, AT AF Kluza, D. A. Vieglais, D. A. Andreasen, J. K. Peterson, A. T. TI Sudden oak death: geographic risk estimates and predictions of origins SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological niche model; genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction; Phytophthora ramorum; sudden oak death ID PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; INVASIVE PATHOGEN; UNITED-STATES; SP-NOV.; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; FORESTS; ESTABLISHMENT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Ecological niche modelling techniques were applied to address the questions of the origins and potential geographic extent of sudden oak death, caused by the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Based on an ecological niche model derived from the phyropathogen's California distribution and distributions of potential host species, it was determined that the disease has high potential to colonize the southeastern United States, and that its likely source area is eastern Asia. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum & Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Kluza, DA (reprint author), Biosecut New Zealand, POB 2526, Wellington, New Zealand. EM daniel.kluza@maf.govt.nz RI Vieglais, Dave/C-7356-2009; Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Vieglais, Dave/0000-0002-6513-4996; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 62 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 580 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01602.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 196LU UT WOS:000248484100004 ER PT J AU Sarunac, N Cipriano, D Ryan, J Schakenbach, J AF Sarunac, Nenad Cipriano, Domenico Ryan, Jeffrey Schakenbach, John TI Field experience with mercury monitors SO POWER LA English DT Article AB With U.S. mercury regulations pending and control technologies in the full-scale demonstration stage, accurate and reliable measurement of mercury in flue gas is becoming more important than ever. This article compares the results of field measurements of commercially available mercury monitors to approved reference methods. A key but not-so-surprising finding: Not all mercury monitors are created equal. C1 Lehigh Univ, Energy Res Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. CESI Ric, Emiss Monitoring Grp, Milan, Italy. US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sarunac, N (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Energy Res Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM ns01@lehigh.edu; cipriano@cesiricerca.it; ryan.jeff@epa.gov; schakenbach.john@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRADEFAIR GROUP PI HOUSTON PA 11000 RICHMOND, STE 500, HOUSTON, TX 77042 USA SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD AUG PY 2007 VL 151 IS 8 BP 52 EP + PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 206NK UT WOS:000249190000019 ER PT J AU Narasimha, A Watanabe, J Lin, JA Hama, S Langenbach, R Navab, M Fogelman, AM Reddy, ST AF Narasimha, Ajay Watanabe, Junji Lin, James A. Hama, Susan Langenbach, Robert Navab, Mohamad Fogelman, Alan M. Reddy, Srinivasa T. TI A novel anti-atherogenic role for COX-2-potential mechanism for the cardiovascular side effects of COX-2 inhibitors SO PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; cholesterol; COX-2; cytokines; high-density lipoprotein; heart diseases; hyperlipidemia; inflammation; lipoproteins; prostanoids ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; TRANSGENIC MICE; HDL; CYCLOOXYGENASE; MACROPHAGES AB Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is characterized by lipid accumulation, lipoprotein oxidation, and inflammation. Products of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway participate in acute and chronic inflammation. The inducible form of COX, COX-2, generates lipid mediators of inflammation that are pro-inflammatory and COX-2-selective inhibitors are potent anti-inflammatory agents. However, clinical data suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular side effects in patients using COX2-selective inhibitors. In this paper, we sought to determine the effect of COX-2 deficiency on atherosclerosis-related lipoprotein metabolism in mice. We demonstrate that COX-2 deficiency resulted in (i) accumulation of lipids in circulation and liver, (ii) pro-inflammatory properties of HDL as measured by HDL's increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, decreased paraoxonase I (PON1) activity, decreased serum apoA-1, reduced ability to efflux cholesterol and to prevent LDL oxidizability, and (iii) increased TXB2 in circulation. Moreover, when placed on an atherogenic diet, COX-2 deficiency resulted in (i) increased lipid deposition in the aorta, (ii) a further dramatic imbalance in circulating eicosanoids, i.e. decreased serum PGI(2) coupled with increased PGE(2) and TXB2, and (iii) a marked elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-6. Our results suggest, for the first time, that COX-2 deficiency contributes to the pro-atherogenic properties of HDL in mice. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med Cardiol, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Reddy, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med Cardiol, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, 650 Charles E Young Dr S,MRL 3736, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM sreddy@mednet.ucla.edu RI Lin, James/E-4796-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-16042, P30 CA016042]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-30568, 1R01HL71776, P01 HL030568, P01 HL030568-19, P01 HL030568-20, R01 HL071776, R01 HL071776-01, R01 HL082823, R01 HL082823-01A2]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-28697, P30 AI028697]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5R33DK070328, R33 DK070328] NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1098-8823 J9 PROSTAG OTH LIPID M JI Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2007.03.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 202JT UT WOS:000248898500003 PM 17643885 ER PT J AU vom Saal, FS Akingbemi, BT Belcher, SM Birnbaum, LS Crain, DA Eriksen, M Farabollini, F Guillette, LJ Hauser, R Heindel, JJ Ho, SM Hunt, PA Iguchi, T Jobling, S Kanno, J Keri, RA Knudsen, KE Laufer, H LeBlanc, GA Marcus, M McLachlan, JA Myers, JP Nadal, A Newbold, RR Olea, N Prins, GS Richter, CA Rubin, BS Sonnenschein, C Soto, AM Talsness, CE Vandenbergh, JG Vandenberg, LN Walser-Kuntz, DR Watson, CS Welshons, WV Wetherill, Y Zoeller, RT AF vom Saal, Frederick S. Akingbemi, Benson T. Belcher, Scott M. Birnbaum, Linda S. Crain, D. Andrew Eriksen, Marcus Farabollini, Francesca Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Hauser, Russ Heindel, Jerrold J. Ho, Shuk-Mei Hunt, Patricia A. Iguchi, Taisen Jobling, Susan Kanno, Jun Keri, Ruth A. Knudsen, Karen E. Laufer, Hans LeBlanc, Gerald A. Marcus, Michele McLachlan, John A. Myers, John Peterson Nadal, Angel Newbold, Retha R. Olea, Nicolas Prins, Gail S. Richter, Catherine A. Rubin, Beverly S. Sonnenschein, Carlos Soto, Ana M. Talsness, Chris E. Vandenbergh, John G. Vandenberg, Laura N. Walser-Kuntz, Debby R. Watson, Cheryl S. Welshons, Wade V. Wetherill, Yelena Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Chapel Hill bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement: Integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE bisphenol A; in vitro; in vivo; rat; mouse; aquatic animal; cancer; low dose; non-monotonic dose-response curves; developmental programming ID ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; PROLACTIN-RELEASE; IN-VIVO; XENOESTROGENS; CHEMICALS; LEACHATE; CELLS; ASSAY C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Environm Genet, Dept Pharmacol & Cell Biophys, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. Algalita Marine Res Fdn, Los Angeles, CA 90034 USA. Univ Siena, Dept Physiol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Okazaki Inst Integrat Biosci Bioenvironm Sci, Natl Inst Nat Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. Brunel Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Cellular & Mol Toxicol, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Xavier Univ, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Environm Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Inst Bioingn, Alicante 03202, Spain. NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Granada, CIBERESP Hosp Clin, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Illinois, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Columbia Environm Res Ctr, USGS, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Tufts Med Sch, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Charite Univ Med Sch Berlinb, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dept Toxicol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP vom Saal, FS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM vomsaalf@missouri.edu RI Olea, Nicolas/H-3198-2014; Nadal, Angel/G-6721-2014; OI Olea, Nicolas/0000-0002-8938-3743; Nadal, Angel/0000-0003-4178-2152; Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES016675, ES11283, P30 ES006096, R01 ES011283, R01 ES015584, R01 ES015584-02, R01 ES015768, R01 ES016675-07] NR 25 TC 348 Z9 352 U1 2 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.005 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 220SB UT WOS:000250176500001 PM 17768031 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Birnbaum, LS Farabollini, F Newbold, RR Rubin, BS Talsness, CE Vandenbergh, JG Walser-Kuntz, DR vom Saal, FSV AF Richter, Catherine A. Birnbaum, Linda S. Farabollini, Francesca Newbold, Retha R. Rubin, Beverly S. Talsness, Chris E. Vandenbergh, John G. Walser-Kuntz, Debby R. vom Saal, Frederick S. TI In vivo effects of bisphenol A in laboratory rodent studies SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE behavior; neuroendocrine; endocrine disruptors; immune system; metabolism; mouse; rat; reproduction ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ADULT OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; BRAIN SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; MATERNAL DIETARY EXPOSURE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; DAILY SPERM PRODUCTION AB Concern is mounting regarding the human health and environmental effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a high-production-volume chemical used in synthesis of plastics. We have reviewed the growing literature on effects of low doses of BPA, below 50 mg/(kg day), in laboratory exposures with mammalian model organisms. Many, but not all, effects of BPA are similar to effects seen in response to the model estrogens diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol. For most effects, the potency of BPA is approximately 10-1000-fold less than that of diethylstilbestrol or ethinylestradiol. Based on our review of the literature, a consensus was reached regarding our level of confidence that particular outcomes occur in response to low dose BPA exposure. We are confident that adult exposure to BPA affects the male reproductive tract, and that long lasting, organizational effects in response to developmental exposure to BPA occur in the brain, the male reproductive system, and metabolic processes. We consider it likely, but requiring further confirmation, that adult exposure to BPA affects the brain, the female reproductive system, and the immune system, and that developmental effects occur in the female reproductive system. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Siena, Dept Physiol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Berlin, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM Crichter@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011283, R01 ES011283-01A1] NR 199 TC 510 Z9 534 U1 14 U2 122 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 199 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.06.004 PG 26 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 220SB UT WOS:000250176500004 PM 17683900 ER PT J AU Gulson, B Korsch, M Dickson, B Cohen, D Mizon, K Davis, JM AF Gulson, Brian Korsch, Michael Dickson, Bruce Cohen, David Mizon, Karen Davis, J. Michael TI Comparison of lead isotopes with source apportionment models, including SOM, for air particulates SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lead isotopes; PMF; SOM; sources; PM2.5; TSP ID SOURCE DISCRIMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; IBA TECHNIQUES; POLLUTION; METALS; ENVIRONMENT; SIGNATURES; GASOLINE; SOUTHERN; FRANCE AB We have measured high precision lead isotopes in PM2.5 particulates from a high ly-trafficked site (Mascot) and rural site (Richmond) in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia to compare with isotopic data from total suspended particulates (TSP) from other sites in the Sydney Basin and evaluate relationships with source fingerprints obtained from multi-element PM2.5 data. The isotopic data for the period 1998 to 2004 show seasonal peaks and troughs that are more pronounced in the rural site for the PM(2.5)samples but are consistent with the TSP. The Self Organising Map (SOM) method has been applied to the multi-element PM2.5 data to evaluate its use in obtaining fingerprints for comparison with standard statistical procedures (ANSTO model). As seasonal effects are also significant for the multi-element data, the SOM modelling is reported as site and season dependent. At the Mascot site, the ANSTO model exhibits decreasing Pb-206/(204) Pb ratios with increasing contributions of fingerprints for "secondary smoke" (industry), "soil", "smoke" and "seaspray". Similar patterns were shown by SOM winter fingerprints for both sites. At the rural site, there are large isotopic variations but for the majority of samples these are not associated with increased contributions from the main sources with the ANSTO model. For two winter sampling times, there are increased contributions from "secondary industry", "smoke", "soil" and seaspray with one time having a source or sources of Pb similar to that of Mascot. The only positive relationship between increasing Pb-206/(204) Pb ratio and source contributions is found at the rural site using the SOM summer fingerprints, both of which show a significant contribution from sulphur. Several of the fingerprints using either model have significant contributions from black carbon (BC) and/or sulphur (S) that probably derive from diesel fuels and industrial sources. increased contributions from sources with the SOM summer fingerprints could explain the summer-time peaks in isotopic ratio at both sites and, at the rural site, be associated with meteorological influences. Nevertheless, the SOM results indicate that there are multiple overlapping 'weak' sources. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. CSIRO Explorat & Min, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. Dickson Res Pty Ltd, Gladesville, NSW 2111, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Environm Div, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gulson, B (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM bgulson@gse.mq.edu.au OI Cohen, David/0000-0002-1209-9234 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 381 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.03.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187FA UT WOS:000247831700016 PM 17475309 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Blake, LS Brodin, JD Greene, KJ Knoebl, I Miracle, AL Martinovic, D Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Blake, Lindsey S. Brodin, Jeffrey D. Greene, Katie J. Knoebl, Iris Miracle, Ann L. Martinovic, Dalma Ankley, Gerald T. TI Transcription of key genes regulating gonadal steroidogenesis in control and ketoconazole- or vinclozolin-exposed fathead minnows SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE steroidogenesis inhibitor; antiandrogen; reproduction; gonad development; real-time PCR; testis ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ADULT MALE-RAT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; GONADOTROPINS; BRAIN; FSH; BIOSYNTHESIS; RECEPTORS; STEROIDS AB This study evaluated changes in the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes in male fathead minnows exposed to ketoconazole (KTC) or vinclozolin (VZ) for 21 days. The aim was to evaluate links between molecular changes and higher level outcomes after exposure to endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) with different modes of action. To aid our analysis and interpretation of EAC-related effects, we first examined variation in the relative abundance of steroidogenesis-related gene transcripts in the gonads of male and female fathead minnows as a function of age, gonad development, and spawning status, independent of EAC exposure. Gonadal expression of several genes varied with age and/or gonadal somatic index in either males or females. However, with the exception of aromatase, steroidogenesis-related gene expression did not vary with spawning status. Following the baseline experiments, expression of the selected genes in male fathead minnows exposed to KTC or VZ was evaluated in the context of effects observed at higher levels of organization. Exposure to KTC elicited changes in gene transcription that were consistent with an apparent compensatory response to the chemical's anticipated direct inhibition of steroidogenic enzyme activity. Exposure to VZ, an antiandrogen expected to indirectly impact steroidogenesis, increased pituitary expression of follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit as well as testis expression of 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and luteinizing hormone receptor transcripts. Results of this study contribute to ongoing research aimed at understanding responses of the teleost hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to different types of EACs and how changes in molecular endpoints translate into apical outcomes reflective of either adverse effect or compensation. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 51 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm124 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 194WR UT WOS:000248375000008 PM 17517826 ER PT J AU McDaniel, KL Padilla, S Marshall, RS Phillips, PM Podhoniak, L Qian, YR Moser, VC AF McDaniel, Katherine L. Padilla, Stephanie Marshall, Renee S. Phillips, Pamela M. Podhoniak, Lynda Qian, Yaorong Moser, Virginia C. TI Comparison of acute neurobehavioral and cholinesterase inhibitory effects of N-methylcarbamates in rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE N-methyl carbamates; neurotoxicity; motor activity; cholinesterase; rats ID ACUTE TOXICITY; CARBARYL; PROPOXUR; BEHAVIOR; FORMETANATE; CARBOFURAN; CARBAMATE; ANIMALS; OXAMYL; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB While the cholinesterase-inhibiting N-methyl carbamate pesticides have been widely used, there are few studies evaluating direct functional and biochemical consequences of exposure. In the present study of the acute toxicity of seven N-methyl carbamate pesticides, we evaluated the dose-response profiles of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in brain and erythrocytes (RBCs) as well as motor activity (both horizontally and vertically directed) and clinical signs of overt toxicity. The chemicals tested were carbaryl, carbofuran, formetanate, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, and propoxur. All were administered orally, and rats were tested in 20-min activity sessions beginning 15 min after dosing; tissues were collected immediately after activity sessions. In general, motor activity was a sensitive measure of ChE inhibition for all these carbamate pesticides, and vertical activity showed the greatest magnitude of effect at the highest doses compared to either horizontal activity or ChE inhibition. Brain and RBC ChE activities were generally affected similarly. Pearson correlation coefficients of within-subject data showed good correlation between the behavioral and biochemical end points, with brain ChE inhibition and horizontal activity showing the highest correlation values. Determination of benchmark dose levels for 10% change in each end point also revealed that these two measures produced the lowest estimates. Thus, motor activity decreases are highly predictive of ChE inhibition for N-methyl carbamates, and vice versa. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Anal Chem Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-04,109TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm114 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 194WR UT WOS:000248375000022 PM 17504769 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Wolf, CJ Schmid, JE Das, KP Zehr, RD Helfant, L Nakayama, S Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Lau, C AF Abbott, Barbara D. Wolf, Cynthia J. Schmid, Judith E. Das, Kaberi P. Zehr, Robert D. Helfant, Laurence Nakayama, Shoji Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. Lau, Christopher TI Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced developmental toxicity in the mouse is dependent on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOA; developmental toxicity; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha-PPAR-alpha ID SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; LIVER PEROXISOMES; CROSS-FOSTER; RAT; SULFONATE; EXPOSURE; FETAL; CLOFIBRATE AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a member of a family of perfluorinated chemicals that have a variety of applications. PFOA persists in the environment and is found in wildlife and humans. In mice, PFOA is developmentally toxic producing mortality, delayed eye opening, growth deficits, and altered pubertal maturation. PFOA activates peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha), a pathway critical to the mode of induction of liver tumors in rodents. The present study uses 129S1/SvlmJ wild-type (WT) and PPAR alpha knockout (KO) mice to determine if PPAR alpha mediates PFOA-induced developmental toxicity. Pregnant mice were dosed orally from gestation days 1-17 with water or 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 mg PFOA/kg. PFOA did not affect maternal weight, embryonic implantation, number, or weight of pups at birth. At 5 mg/kg, the incidence of full litter resorptions increased in both WT and KO mice. In WT, but not KO, neonatal survival was reduced (0.6 mg/kg) and eye opening was delayed (1 mg/kg). There was a trend across dose for reduced pup weight (WT and KO) on several postnatal days (PND), but only WT exposed to 1 mg/kg were significantly different from control (PND7-10 and 22). Maternal factors (e.g., background genetics) did not contribute to differences in postnatal mortality, as PFOA induced postnatal mortality in heterozygous pups born to WT or KO dams. In conclusion, early pregnancy loss was independent of PPAR alpha expression. Delayed eye opening and deficits in postnatal weight gain appeared to depend on PPAR alpha expression, although other mechanisms may contribute. PPAR alpha was required for PFOA-induced postnatal lethality and expression of one copy of the gene was sufficient to mediate this effect. C1 Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Bldg,2525 E Highway 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 NR 42 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 571 EP 581 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm110 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 194WR UT WOS:000248375000024 PM 17488742 ER PT J AU Padilla, S AF Padilla, Stephanie TI Untitled SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID CHLORPYRIFOS-OXON C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Neurotoxicol Div, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Neurotoxicol Div, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM padilla.stephanie@epa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 604 EP 604 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm116 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 194WR UT WOS:000248375000029 PM 17554074 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ Hudgens, EE Calderon, RL AF Thomas, David J. Hudgens, Edward E. Calderon, Rebecca L. TI The US EPA workshop on research and risk assessment for arsenic SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hudgens, Edward E.; Calderon, Rebecca L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.05.012 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500001 ER PT J AU Sams, R Wolf, DC Ramasamy, S Ohanian, E Chen, J Lowit, A AF Sams, Reeder, II Wolf, Douglas C. Ramasamy, Santhini Ohanian, Ed Chen, Jonathan Lowit, Anna TI Workshop overview: Arsenic research and risk assessment SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Research and Risk Assessment for Arsenic CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2006 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE risk assessment; cancer guidelines; arsenic; mode of action ID URINARY-BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; UNITED-STATES; CANCER; EXPOSURE; RATS; METABOLISM; CELLS AB The chronic exposure of humans through consumption of high levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs)-contaminated drinking water is associated with skin lesions, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, and cancers. Additionally, humans are exposed to organic arsenicals when used as pesticides and herbicides (e.g., monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) also known as cacodylic acid). Extensive research has been conducted to characterize the adverse health effects that result from exposure to iAs and its metabolites to describe the biological pathway(s) that lead to adverse health effects. To further this effort, on May 31, 2006, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sponsored a meeting entitled "Workshop on Arsenic Research and Risk Assessment". The invited participants from government agencies, academia, independent research organizations and consultants were asked to present their current research. The overall focus of these research efforts has been to determine the potential human health risks due to environmental exposures to arsenicals. Pursuant in these efforts is the elucidation of a mode of action for arsenicals. This paper provides a brief overview of the workshop goals, regulatory context for arsenical research, mode of action (MOA) analysis in human health risk assessment, and the application of MOA analysis for iAs and DMA(V). Subsequent papers within this issue will present the research discussed at the workshop, ensuing discussions, and conclusions of the workshop. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Integrated Risk Informat Syst Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Integrated Risk Informat Syst Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sams.reeder@epa.gov NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.01.007 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500002 PM 17336359 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Tennant, AH AF Kligerman, A. D. Tennant, A. H. TI Insights into the carcinogenic mode of action of arsenic SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Research and Risk Assessment for Arsenic CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2006 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE arsenic; mode of action; chromosome damage; mitotic inhibition; tubulin; trivalent methylated arsenicals; reduction ID METHYLATED TRIVALENT ARSENICALS; CLONAL CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; INORGANIC ARSENICS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRAND BREAKS; INDUCTION; OXYGEN; TOXICITY AB That arsenic can induce cancer in humans has been known since the late 17th century, yet how arsenic induces cancer has been the subject of numerous scientific publications. Various modes of action (MOA) have been proposed for arsenic's carcinogenicity. In this paper we review our previous studies on the ability of arsenicals to cause DNA damage, the relative inability of these arsenicals to induce point mutations, and the involvement of arsenicals in spindle disruption. We present new evidence that shows that reduced glutathione (GSH) can chemically reduce inactive pentavalent arsenicals to trivalent arsenicals which can disrupt tubulin polymerization, and show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are most likely not involved in tubulin disruption. A hypothesis is also presented on how arsenic may induce stable chromosome aberrations (CAs) that can lead to cancer, thus supporting a role for genetic damage in the MOA for arsenic. We then propose promising areas of research that might give insight into the MOA of arsenic. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kligerman.andrew@epa.gov NR 42 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.10.006 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500007 PM 17118416 ER PT J AU Paul, DS Hernandez-Zavala, A Walton, FS Adair, BM Dedina, J Matousek, T Styblo, M AF Paul, David S. Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Walton, Felecia S. Adair, Blakely M. Dedina, Jiri Matousek, Tomas Styblo, Miroslav TI Examination of the effects of arsenic on glucose homeostasis in cell culture and animal studies: Development of a mouse model for arsenic-induced diabetes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Research and Risk Assessment for Arsenic CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2006 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE arsenic; arsenite; speciation; diabetes; C57BL/6; glucose tolerance ID PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DRINKING-WATER; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; PHENYLARSINE OXIDE; HYPERENDEMIC VILLAGES; CANCER-MORTALITY; P38 MAPK AB Previous epidemiologic studies found increased prevalences of type 2 diabetes mellitus in populations exposed to high levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water. Although results of epidemiologic studies in low-exposure areas or occupational settings have been inconclusive, laboratory research has shown that exposures to iAs can produce effects that are consistent with type 2 diabetes. The current paper reviews the results of laboratory studies that examined the effects of iAs on glucose metabolism and describes new experiments in which the diabetogenic effects of iAs exposure were reproduced in a mouse model. Here, weanling male C57BL/6 mice drank deionized water with or without the addition of arsenite (25 or 50 ppm As) for 8 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests revealed impaired glucose tolerance in mice exposed to 50 ppm As, but not to 25 ppm As. Exposure to 25 and 50 ppm As in drinking-water resulted in proportional increases in the concentration of iAs and its metabolites in the liver and in organs targeted by type 2 diabetes, including pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Dimethylarsenic was the predominant form of As in the tissues of mice in both 25 and 50 ppm groups. Notably, the average concentration of total speciated arsenic in livers from mice in the 50 ppm group was comparable to the highest concentration of total arsenic reported in the livers of Bangladeshi residents who had consumed water with an order of magnitude lower level of iAs. These data suggest that mice are less susceptible than humans to the diabetogenic effects of chronic exposure to iAs due to a more efficient clearance of iAs or its metabolites from target tissues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Analyt Chem, Lab Trace Element Anal, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461,2302 MHRC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu RI Dedina, Jiri/D-6793-2013; Matousek, Tomas/E-7226-2013 OI Dedina, Jiri/0000-0002-5561-913X; FU FIC NIH HHS [5R03TW007057]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350, T32 DK07686]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R03 ES011496, R01 ES015326, R01 ES015326-01A2, R03 ES011496-02] NR 92 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.01.010 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500010 PM 17336358 ER PT J AU Kwok, RK Mendola, P Liu, ZY Savitz, DA Heiss, G Ling, HL Xia, Y Lobdell, D Zeng, D Thorp, JM Creason, JP Mumford, JL AF Kwok, Richard K. Mendola, Pauline Liu, Zhi Yi Savitz, David A. Heiss, Gerardo Ling, He Ling Xia, Yajuan Lobdell, Danelle Zeng, Donglin Thorp, John M., Jr. Creason, John P. Mumford, Judy L. TI Drinking water arsenic exposure and blood pressure in healthy women of reproductive age in Inner Mongolia, China SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Research and Risk Assessment for Arsenic CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2006 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE arsenic; drinking water; blood pressure; cardiovascular disease; post-natal; reproductive health; women; Inner Mongolia, China ID RISK-FACTORS; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; WELL WATER; HYPERTENSION; STROKE; BANGLADESH; MORTALITY; PREVENTION AB The extremely high exposure levels evaluated in prior investigations relating elevated levels of drinking water arsenic and hypertension prevalence make extrapolation to potential vascular effects at lower exposure levels very difficult. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 8790 women who had recently been pregnant in an area of Inner Mongolia, China known to have a gradient of drinking water arsenic exposure. This study observed increased systolic blood pressure levels with increasing drinking water arsenic, at lower exposure levels than previously reported in the literature. As compared to the referent category (below limit of detection to 20 mu g of As/L), the overall population mean systolic blood pressure rose 1.29 mm Hg (95% CI 0.82, 1.75), 1.28 mm Hg (95% CI 0.49, 2.07), and 2.22 mm Fig (95% Cl 1.46, 2.97) as drinking water arsenic concentration increased from 21 to 50, 51 to 100, and > 100 mu g of As/L, respectively. Controlling for age and body weight (n = 3260), the population mean systolic blood pressure rose 1.88 mm Hg (95% CI 1.03, 2.73), 3.90 mm Hg (95% CI 2.52, 5.29), and 6.83 mm Fig (95% CI 5.39, 8.27) as drinking water arsenic concentration increased, respectively. For diastolic blood pressure effect, while statistically significant, was not as pronounced as systolic blood pressure. Mean diastolic blood pressure rose 0.78 mm Hg (95% Cl 0.39, 1.16), 1.57 mm Hg (95% CI 0.91, 2.22) and 1.32 mm Hg (95% Cl 0.70, 1.95), respectively, for the overall population and rose 2.11 mm Fig (95% CI 1.38, 2.84), 2.74 mm Hg (95% CI 1.55, 3.93), and 3.08 mm Hg (95% CI 1.84, 4.31), respectively, for the adjusted population (n=3260) at drinking water arsenic concentrations of 21 to 50, 51 to 100, and > 100 mu g of As/L. If our study results are confirmed in other populations, the potential burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to drinking water arsenic is significant. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Nei Monggol, Peoples R China. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Nei Monggol, Peoples R China. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kwok, RK (reprint author), RTI Int, POB 12194,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rkwok@rti.org RI Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017; OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 41 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.003 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500013 PM 17509635 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ AF Thomas, David J. TI Molecular processes in cellular arsenic metabolism SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Research and Risk Assessment for Arsenic CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2006 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE arsenic; metabolism; methylation; methyltransferase; arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase; influx; Aquaporins; hexose permease transporters; glutathione; glutathione transferases; efflux; ABC transporters; protein binding; arsenic affinity chromatography ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; BINDING-PROTEINS; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; METHYLARSONOUS ACID; RABBIT ERYTHROCYTES; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; COMPLEX-FORMATION AB Elucidating molecular processes that underlie accumulation, metabolism and binding of iAs and its methylated metabolites provides a basis for understanding the modes of action by which iAs acts as a toxin and a carcinogen. One approach to this problem is to construct a conceptual model that incorporates available information on molecular processes involved in the influx, metabolism, binding and efflux of arsenicals in cells. This conceptual model is initially conceived as a non-quantitative representation of critical molecular processes that can be used as a framework for experimental design and prediction. However, with refinement and incorporation of additional data, the conceptual model can be expressed in mathematical terms and should be useful for quantitative estimates of the kinetic and dynamic behavior of iAs and its methylated metabolites in cells. Development of a quantitative model will be facilitated by the availability of tools and techniques to manipulate molecular processes underlying transport of arsenicals across cell membranes or expression and activity of enzymes involved in methylation of arsenicals. This model of cellular metabolism might be integrated into more complex pharmacokinetic models for systemic metabolism of iAs and its methylated metabolites. It may also be useful in development of biologically based dose-response models describing the toxic and carcinogenic actions of arsenicals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov NR 70 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.02.007 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500017 PM 17397889 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF Kenyon, EM Kitchin, KT AF Hughes, Michael F. Kenyon, Elaina M. Kitchin, Kirk T. TI Research approaches to address uncertainties in the risk assessment of arsenic in drinking water SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Research and Risk Assessment for Arsenic CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2006 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP US Environm Protect Agcy DE arsenic; risk assessment; cancer ID SKIN-CANCER; CARCINOGENICITY; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; RATS; METHYLTRANSFERASE; METHYLATION; BIOMARKER; DAMAGE; MICE AB Inorganic arsenic (iAs), an environmental drinking water contaminant, is a human toxicant and carcinogen. The public health community has developed recommendations and regulations that limit human exposure to iAs in drinking water. Although there is a vast amount of information available to regulators on the exposure, disposition and the health-related effects of iAs, there is still critical information about the toxicology of this metalloid that is needed. This necessary information includes identification of the chemical species of arsenic that is (are) the active toxicant (s), the mode(s) of action for its various toxicities and information on potentially susceptible populations. Because of these unknown factors, the risk assessment of iAs still incorporates default assumptions, leading to uncertainties in the overall assessment. The characteristics of a scientifically defensible risk assessment for iAs are that it must: (1) quantitatively link exposure and target tissue dose of active metabolites to key events in the mode of action for major health effects and (2) identify sources of variation in susceptibility to arsenic-induced health effects and quantitatively evaluate their impact wherever possible. Integration of research to address these goals will better protect the health of iAs-exposed populations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.01.021 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200YK UT WOS:000248798500021 PM 17379267 ER PT J AU Bielmeier, SR Murr, AS Best, DS Harrison, RA Pegram, RA Goldman, JM Narotsky, MG AF Bielmeier, S. R. Murr, A. S. Best, D. S. Harrison, R. A. Pegram, R. A. Goldman, J. M. Narotsky, M. G. TI Effects of bromodichloromethane on ex vivo and in vitro luteal function and bromodichloromethane tissue dosimetry in the pregnant F344 rat SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE bromodichloromethane; disinfection by-products; drinking water; pregnancy; Corpora lutea; progesterone; luteinizing hormone; rat ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN SECRETION; DRINKING-WATER; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; ASSESSING EXPOSURE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CHLORINATION AB Bromodichloromethane (BDCM), a drinking water disinfection by-product, causes pregnancy loss, i.e. full-litter resorption, in F344 rats when treated during the luteinizing hormone (LH)-dependent period. This effect is associated with reduced maternal serum progesterone (P) and LH levels, suggesting that BDCM disrupts secretion of LH. To test the hypothesis that BDCM also affects luteal responsiveness to LH, we used ex vivo and in vitro approaches. For the ex vivo study (i.e., in vivo exposure followed by in vitro assessment), dams were dosed by gavage on gestation days (GD) 6-9 (plug day = GD 0) at 0 or 100 mg/kg/d. One hour after the GD-9 dose, rats were killed, blood was collected, and tissue concentrations of BDCM were assessed. Corpora lutea (CL) were incubated with or without hCG, an LH agonist, to stimulate P secretion. For the in vitro study, CL were pooled from untreated F344 rats on GD 9 and cultured with BDCM at 0, 0.01, 0.10 or 3.0 mM. BDCM was found at highest concentrations in adrenal, ovarian, adipose, and hypothalamic tissues. BDCM treatment decreased serum P and LH levels in vivo. Ex vivo, however, BDCM-exposed CL showed > 2-fold increases in P secretion relative to controls. Both control and BDCM-exposed CL displayed a 2.4-fold increase in P secretion in response to hCG challenge. In contrast, in vitro exposures reduced CL responsiveness in a dose-related fashion while baseline levels were unaffected. It is unclear if the ex vivo 'rebound' reflects the removal of the CL from a possible direct inhibitory influence of BDCM, or a response to diminished LH stimulation in vivo. Thus, these data suggest that BDCM disrupts pregnancy in F344 rats via two modes: disruption of LH secretion, and disruption of the CL's ability to respond to LH. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Narotsky, MG (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. EM narotsky.michael@epa.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 919 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.017 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183FY UT WOS:000247559300021 PM 17344021 ER PT J AU Domingo, JWS Bambic, DG Edge, TA Wuertz, S AF Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Bambic, Dustin G. Edge, Thomas A. Wuertz, Stefan TI Quo vadis source tracking? Towards a strategic framework for environmental monitoring of fecal pollution SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE microbial source tracking; non-point source pollution; microbial water quality ID REAL-TIME PCR; BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FRESH-WATER; CONTAMINATION SOURCES; RECREATIONAL WATERS; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; NONPOINT SOURCES AB Advances in microbial source tracking (MST) have largely been driven by the need to comply with water quality standards based on traditional indicator bacteria. Recently, a number of culture-independent, and library-independent methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been gaining popularity among source trackers. However, only a limited number of these methods have been successfully used in field applications, primarily due to the fact that many of them are still being developed. In this critical outlook, we examine different viewpoints associated with the practical use of MST to identify critical research gaps, propose a priority-based timeline to address them, and outline emerging technologies that will likely impact the future of source tracking. We propose that it is necessary to consider each of these aspects in order to advance towards a unifying framework in source identification, so that fecal pollution monitoring can be reliably used for comprehensive environmental microbial monitoring, to develop risk assessment models, and to implement and validate adequate management practices. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NRML, WSWRD, MCCB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Larry Walker Assoc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, NRML, WSWRD, MCCB, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 85 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 3539 EP 3552 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 204QW UT WOS:000249060100003 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Domingo, JS Shanks, OC AF Lu, Jingrang Domingo, Jorge Santo Shanks, Orin C. TI Identification of chicken-specific fecal microbial sequences using a metagenomic approach SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chicken fecal DNA; competitive genomic hybridization; genetic markers; fecal microbial community ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOTYPES; ELONGATION-FACTOR TU; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC-MARKERS; HUMAN FECES; POLLUTION; BACTERIA; COMMUNITY; PCR AB In this study, we applied a genome fragment enrichment (GFE) method to select for genomic regions that differ among different fecal metagenomes. Competitive DNA hybridizations were performed between chicken fecal DNA and pig fecal DNA (CP) and between chicken fecal DNA and an avian DNA composite consisting of turkey, goose, and seagull fecal DNA extracts (CB) to enrich for chicken-specific DNA fragments. A total of 471 non-redundant chicken metagenomic sequences were retrieved and analyzed. All of the clone sequences were similar to prokaryotic genes, of which more than 60% could not be assigned to previously characterized functional roles. In general terms, sequences assigned characterized functional roles were associated with cellular processes (11.7%), metabolism (11.0%) and information storage and processing (13.4%). Approximately 53% of the non-redundant sequences are similar to genes present in intestinal bacteria belonging to Clostridia (20.9%), Bacteroidetes (15.0%), and Bacilli (17.3%). Twenty-five sequences from the CP and CB clone libraries were selected to develop chicken fecal-specific PCR assays. These assays were challenged against fecal DNA extracted from 21 different animal species, including mammals and birds. The results from the host-specificity studies showed that 12 of the assays had a high degree of specificity to chicken feces. in addition, three assays were specific to chicken and turkey while another four assays tested positive to more than two avian species, suggesting a broader distribution of some of the enriched gene fragments among different avian fecal microbial communities. Fecal pollution signals were detected using chicken-specific assays in contaminated water samples, although the PCR assays showed different detection limits. These results indicate the need for multiple assays to detect poultry fecal sources of pollution. The competitive DNA hybridization approach used in this study can rapidly select for numerous chicken fecal metagenomic regions that can be used as potential genetic markers for fecal source tracking. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 35 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 3561 EP 3574 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.033 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 204QW UT WOS:000249060100005 PM 17582456 ER PT J AU McCulloch, SD Wood, A Garg, P Burgers, PMJ Kunkel, TA AF McCulloch, Scott D. Wood, Adam Garg, Parie Burgers, Peter M. J. Kunkel, Thomas A. TI Effects of accessory proteins on the bypass of a cis-syn thymine-thymine dimer by Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase eta SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTOSUM VARIANT CELLS; MISMATCH-REPAIR PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI DINB; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LESION-BYPASS; POL-ETA; ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS AB Among several hypotheses to explain how translesion synthesis (TLS) by DNA polymerase eta (pol eta) suppresses ultraviolet light-induced mutagenesis in vivo despite the fact that pol eta copies DNA with low fidelity, here we test whether replication accessory proteins enhance the fidelity of TLS by pol eta. We first show that the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA, the sliding clamp PCNA, and the clamp loader RFC slightly increase the processivity of yeast pol eta and its ability to recycle to new template primers. However, these increases are small, and they are similar when copying an undamaged template and a template containing a cis-syn TT dimer. Consequently, the accessory proteins do not strongly stimulate the already robust TT dimer bypass efficiency of pol eta. We then perform a comprehensive analysis of yeast pol eta fidelity. We show that it is much less accurate than other yeast DNA polymerases and that the accessory proteins have little effect on fidelity when copying undamaged templates or when bypassing a TT dimer. Thus, although accessory proteins clearly participate in pol eta functions in vivo, they do not appear to help suppress UV mutagenesis by improving pol eta bypass fidelity per se. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Nat Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065070-17]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM032431, GM32431] NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 8888 EP 8896 DI 10.1021/bi700234t PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 192UV UT WOS:000248229800020 PM 17608453 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Molnar, A AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Molnar, Arpad TI Silica-supported Pd catalysts for Heck coupling reactions SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Review DE Heck reaction; palladium catalyst; silica; ionic liquid; Pd-leaching ID HYDROGEN SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; ORDERED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; HIGHLY-ACTIVE CATALYST; PALLADIUM CATALYSTS; ARYL CHLORIDES; C-C; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; SONOGASHIRA REACTIONS C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek] Ecole Natl Super Chim, UMR Heterochim Mol & Macromol 5076, F-34296 Montpellier 05, France. [Molnar, Arpad] Univ Szeged, Dept Organ Chem, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vivekpol@yahoo.com RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 217 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 15 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 23 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 30 BP 6949 EP 6976 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.023 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247LX UT WOS:000252082100001 ER PT J AU Mahaffey, KR Schoeny, R AF Mahaffey, Kathryn R. Schoeny, Rita TI Maternal seafood consumption and children's development SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID METHYLMERCURY; PREGNANCY C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mahaffey, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mahaffey.kate@epamail.epa.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 21 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9583 BP 216 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61116-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 194MG UT WOS:000248347900018 PM 17658385 ER PT J AU Bowen, TC Meier, RG Vane, LM AF Bowen, Travis C. Meier, Richard G. Vane, Leland M. TI Stability of MFI zeolite-filled PDMS membranes during pervaporative ethanol recovery from aqueous mixtures containing acetic acid SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; mixed matrix membranes; ethanol; acetic acid; zeolite ID SILICONE-RUBBER MEMBRANES; SILICALITE MEMBRANES; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; BIOETHANOL RECOVERY; FERMENTATION; SEPARATION; BUTANOL; IMPROVEMENT; PH AB Pervaporation is a potential process for recovering bioethanol produced from biomass fermentation. Fermentation broths contain ethanol, water, and a variety of other compounds, often including carboxylic acids. The effects of acetic acid on long-term pervaporation of aqueous ethanol mixtures through high-silica ZSM-5 zeolite-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; silicone rubber) membranes were investigated. Acetic acid was shown to reduce the ethanol removal effectiveness of these membranes. Initially after acetic acid addition, ethanol and water fluxes decreased due to acetic acid competing with ethanol and water for adsorption sites in the membrane. Longer-term exposure to acetic acid resulted in an irreversible, steady decline in ethanol/water separation factor because of declining ethanol flux. Increasing feed pH to above the dissociation constant (pK(a)) of acetic acid diminished the longer-term decline in ethanol flux and essentially eliminated the effect of competitive adsorption. Measurements of adsorption competition between ethanol, water, and either acetic acid or succinic acid on the zeolite particles suggested that other carboxylic acids would have qualitatively similar short-term effects on membrane performance as those observed for acetic acid. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), UOP LLC, 25 E Algonquin Rd, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA. EM Vane.Leland@epa.gov NR 23 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.04.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 185IF UT WOS:000247703900013 ER PT J AU Roy, B Mathur, R Gilliland, AB Howard, SC AF Roy, Biswadev Mathur, Rohit Gilliland, Alice B. Howard, Steven C. TI A comparison of CMAQ-based aerosol properties with IMPROVE, MODIS, and AERONET data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL DEPTH; PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; VARIABILITY; METEOROLOGY; ALGORITHM; MONSOON; TRENDS; URBAN AB Evaluation of concentrations predicted by air quality models is needed to ensure that model results are compatible with observations. In this study aerosol properties derived from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model-simulated aerosol mass concentrations are compared with routine data from NASA satellite- borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Sun-synchronous Terra satellite, NASA's ground- based Aerosol Robotic Network ( AERONET), and the ground- based Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network. The motivation for this analysis is to determine how best to use these parameters in evaluating model-predicted PM2.5 concentrations. CMAQ surface extinction estimates due to scattering at 550 nm wavelength are compared with the IMPROVE nephelometer data obtained from 25 sites within the United States. It is found that model-predicted surface extinctions bear high correlations with nephelometer measured data. Sulfate fractional aerosol optical depth (AOD) is found to dominate in the northeastern part of the United States; hence ground- based measurement of sulfate concentrations have been compared with time series of columnar AOD as observed by the MODIS instrument and also with the CMAQ- predicted tropospheric column values obtained during the June August period of 2001. CMAQ surface extinctions are found to be relatively higher than the IMPROVE nephelometer observations; however, there is a good agreement between CMAQ AOD trends and AERONET and MODIS data, obtained at the seven AERONET sites located in the eastern United States. CMAQ is also found to capture the day-to-day variability in the spatial AOD patterns. Monthly average satellite AOD estimates are found to be higher than the AOD data obtained using the CMAQ- predicted aerosol concentrations. Seasonal variation of satellite- measured aerosol intensive property "Angstrom exponent'' (a gross indicator of the aerosol size distribution) is presented for four selected sites: one each in the eastern and central parts, and two in the western part of the continental United States. Variability of Angstrom exponent at these four selected sites is analyzed in conjunction with the variation of summertime AOD (observed and modeled), mass concentration (observed and modeled) and modeled SO4 average concentrations during the summer (June-August) period of the year 2001. Annual time series of Angstrom exponent data at the four selected sites show a large east-west variation. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Roy, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM roy.dev@epa.gov NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 19 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D14 AR D14301 DI 10.1029/2006JD8085 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 193PE UT WOS:000248285700005 ER PT J AU Pepich, BV Dattilio, TA Fair, PS Munch, DJ Gordon, G Kortvelyesi, Z AF Pepich, Barry V. Dattilio, Teri A. Fair, Patricia S. Munch, David J. Gordon, Gilbert Koertvelyesi, Zsolt TI An improved colorimetric method for chlorine dioxide and chlorite ion in drinking water using lissamine green B and horseradish peroxidase SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE chlorine dioxide and chlorite analysis; drinking water; lissamine green B; horseradish peroxidase ID INDIGO SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENT; CHLOROPHENOL RED; RESIDUAL OZONE; CHLOROUS ACID; DISPROPORTIONATION; CHLOROPEROXIDASE; OXIDATION AB Lissamine Green B (LGB) was carefully selected as a potential candidate for the development of a new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method that is intended for use at water utilities to determine chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in drinking water. Chlorine dioxide reacts with LGB in aqueous solution to decrease the absorbance of LGB in direct proportion to the ClO2 concentration. LGB was confirmed to have adequate sensitivity. and to suffer less interference than other dyes reported in the literature. The stoichiometry for the reaction between LGB and ClO2 was found not to be 1 : 1 and is dependent on the LGB concentration. This required calibration of each LGB stock solution and prompted the investigation of alternate means of calibration, which utilized a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed conversion of chlorite ion (ClO2-) to ClO2. This approach allowed the simultaneous determination of ClO2- concentration, which is also required each day at water plants that use ClO2. Studies were conducted to characterize and carefully optimize the HRP-conversion of ClO2- to ClO2 in order to yield reaction conditions that could be accomplished in less than 30 min at modest cost, yet meet EPA's sensitivity and robustness requirements for routine monitoring. An assessment of method detection limit, linearity and slope (or sensitivity), precision, and accuracy in finished drinking water matrices indicated that this approach was suitable for publication as EPA Method 327.0. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Chem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Pepich, BV (reprint author), Shaw Environm Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pepich.barry@epa.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 596 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 193MH UT WOS:000248277600005 PM 17616237 ER PT J AU Olson, DH Anderson, PD Frissell, CA Welsh, HH Bradford, DF AF Olson, Deanna H. Anderson, Paul D. Frissell, Christopher A. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Bradford, David F. TI Biodiversity management approaches for stream-riparian areas: Perspectives for Pacific Northwest headwater forests, microclimates, and amphibians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE riparian buffers; riparian patch reserves; amphibians; stream and riparian microclfinates; connectivity; riparian forest management approaches ID OREGON COAST RANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; SALAMANDERS DICAMPTODON-TENEBROSUS; ZERO-ORDER BASINS; WESTERN OREGON; BUFFER WIDTH; OLD-GROWTH; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Stream-riparian areas represent a nexus of biodiversity, with disproportionate numbers of species tied to and interacting within this key habitat. New research in Pacific Northwest headwater forests, especially the characterization of microclimates and amphibian distributions, is expanding our perspective of riparian zones. and suggests the need for alternative designs to manage stream-riparian zones and their adjacent uplands. High biodiversity in riparian areas can be attributed to cool moist conditions, high productivity and complex habitat. All 47 northwestern amphibian species have stream-riparian associations, with a third being obligate forms to general stream-riparian areas, and a quarter with life histories reliant on headwater landscapes in particular. Recent recognition that stream-breeding amphibians can disperse hundreds of meters into uplands implies that connectivity among neighboring drainages may be important to their population structures and dynamics. Microclimate studies substantiate a "stream effect" of cool moist conditions permeating upslope into warmer, drier forests. We review forest management approaches relative to headwater riparian areas in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and we propose scenarios designed to retain all habitats used by amphibians with complex life histories. These include a mix of riparian and upslope management approaches to address the breeding, foraging, overwintering, and dispersal functions of these animals. We speculate that the stream microclimate effect can partly counterbalance edge effects imposed by upslope forest disturbances. hence appropriately sized and managed riparian buffers can protect suitable microclimates at streams and within riparian forests. We propose one approach that focuses habitat conservation in headwater areas - where present management allows extensive logging - on sensitive target species. such as tailed frogs and torrent salamanders that often occur patchily. Assuming both high patchiness and some concordance among the distribution of sensitive species, protecting areas with higher abundances of these animals could justify less protection of currently unoccupied or low-density habitats. where more intensive forest management for timber production could occur. Also, we outline an approach that protects juxtaposed headwater patches, retaining connectivity among sub-drainages using a 6th-field watershed spatial scale for assuring well-distributed protected areas across forested landscapes. However, research is needed to test this approach and to determine whether it is sufficient to buffer downstream water quality and habitat from impacts of headwater management. Offering too-sparse protection everywhere is likely insufficient to conserve headwater habitats and biodiversity, while our alternative targeted protection of selected headwaters does not bind the entire forest landscape into a biodiversity reserve. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific Rivers Council, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Olson, DH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dedeolson@fs.fed.us NR 175 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 17 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 81 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.053 PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800010 ER PT J AU Carey, MA Card, JW Voltz, JW Jacobs, ER Dakhama, A Larsen, G Gelfand, EW Zeldin, DC AF Carey, Michelle A. Card, Jeffrey W. Voltz, James W. Jacobs, Elizabeth R. Dakhama, Azzedine Larsen, Gary Gelfand, Erwin W. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Airway responsiveness should be a measurement of the responsiveness of airways - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; MICE C1 NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Carey, MA (reprint author), NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 2 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 191NP UT WOS:000248138300021 ER PT J AU Vitorino, R Ferreira, R Neuparth, M Guedes, S Williams, J Tomer, KB Domingues, PM Appell, HJ Duarte, JA Amado, FML AF Vitorino, Rui Ferreira, Rita Neuparth, Maria Guedes, Sofia Williams, Jason Tomer, Kenneth B. Domingues, Pedro M. Appell, Hans J. Duarte, Jose A. Amado, Francisco M. L. TI Subcellular proteomics of mice gastrocnemius and soleus muscles SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE skeletal muscle; subcellular fractionation; proteomics ID TWITCH SKELETAL-MUSCLES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SLOW-TWITCH; RAT SOLEUS; PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; ISOFORMS; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSITIONS AB A proteomics characterization of mice soleus and gastrocnemius white portion skeletal muscles was performed using nuclear, mitochondrial/membrane, and cytosolic subcellular fractions. The proposed methodology allowed the elimination of the cytoskeleton proteins from the cytosolic fraction and of basic proteins from the nuclear fraction. The subsequent protein separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis prior to mass spectrometry analysis allowed the detection of more than 600 spots in each muscle. In the gastrocnemius muscle fractions, it was possible to identify 178 protein spots corresponding to 108 different proteins. In the soleus muscle fractions, 103 different proteins were identified from 253 positive spot identifications. A bulk of cytoskeleton proteins such as actin, myosin light chains, and troponin were identified in the nuclear fraction, whereas mainly metabolic enzymes were detected in the cytosolic fraction. Transcription factors and proteins associated with protein biosynthesis were identified in skeletal muscles for the first time by proteomics. In addition, proteins involved in the mitochondrial redox system, as well as stress proteins, were identified. Results confirm the potential of this methodology to study the differential expressions of contractile proteins and metabolic enzymes, essential for generating functional diversity of muscles and muscle fiber types. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. Univ Porto, Fac Sport, CIAFEL, P-4200450 Oporto, Portugal. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dept Physiol & Anat, D-50927 Cologne, Germany. RP Amado, FML (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. EM famado@dq.ua.pt RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; Amado, Francisco/M-5337-2015; Domingues, Pedro/E-5202-2010; Neuparth, Maria Joao/L-8805-2013; Duarte, Jose/F-1443-2013; PTMS, RNEM/C-1589-2014; Vitorino, Rui/G-7356-2014; Ferreira, Rita/C-4020-2014; OI Amado, Francisco/0000-0001-8256-1749; Domingues, Pedro/0000-0002-8060-7675; Neuparth, Maria Joao/0000-0002-1464-8700; Duarte, Jose/0000-0003-4756-5917; Vitorino, Rui/0000-0003-3636-5805; Ferreira, Rita/0000-0002-6872-4051; Guedes, Sofia de Morais/0000-0001-9556-3639 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050171-08] NR 31 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 2 BP 156 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.009 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 187QL UT WOS:000247863000007 PM 17540331 ER PT J AU Cash, GG AF Cash, Gordon G. TI An algorithm for calculating the independence and vertex-cover polynomials of a graph SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE independence polynomial; graph polynomial; independence number; vertex-cover polynomial ID TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BENZENOID SYSTEMS AB The independence polynomial, omega(G,x) = Sigma w(k)x(k) of a graph, G, has coefficients, w(k), that enumerate the ways of selecting k vertices from G so that no two selected vertices share an edge. The independence number of G is the largest value of k for which w(k) not equal 0. Little is known of less straightforward relationships between graph structure and the properties of omega(G, x), in part because of the difficulty of calculating values of w(k) for specific graphs. This study presents a new algorithm for these calculations which is both faster than existing ones and easily adaptable to high-level computer languages. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, New Chem Screening & Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Div 7403M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, New Chem Screening & Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Div 7403M, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cash.gordon@epa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 190 IS 2 BP 1487 EP 1491 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2007.02.028 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 195GL UT WOS:000248400400050 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Williams, DC Dong, Y Logan, R AF Kinsey, J. S. Williams, D. C. Dong, Y. Logan, R. TI Characterization of fine particle and gaseous emissions during school bus idling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; SELF-POLLUTION; DIESEL; POLLUTANTS; GAS AB The particulate matter (PM) and gaseous emissions from six diesel school buses were determined over a simulated waiting period typical of schools in the northeastern U.S. Testing was conducted for both continuous idle and hot restart conditions using a suite of on-line particle and gas analyzers installed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Diesel Emissions Aerosol Laboratory. The specific pollutants measured encompassed total PM-2.5 mass (PM <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter), PM-2.5 number concentration, particle size distribution, particle-surface polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and a tracer gas (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) in the diluted sample stream. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), total hydrocarbons (THC), oxygen, formaldehyde, and the tracer gas were also measured in the raw exhaust. Results of the study showed little difference in the measured emissions between a 10 min post-restart idle and a 10 min continuous idle with the exception of THC and formaldehyde. However,an emissions pulse was observed during engine restart. A predictive equation was developed from the experimental data, which allows a comparison between continuous idle and hot restart for NOx, CO, PM-2.5, and PAHs and which considers factors such as the restart emissions pulse and periods when the engine is not running. This equation indicates that restart is the preferred operating scenario as long as there is no extended idling after the engine is restarted. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Manegement Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS US, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Manegement Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4972 EP 4979 DI 10.1021/es0625024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194SC UT WOS:000248363100027 PM 17711211 ER PT J AU Frasca, D Landin, AM Alvarez, JP Blackshear, PJ Riley, RL Blomberg, BB AF Frasca, Daniela Landin, Ana Marie Alvarez, Juan P. Blackshear, Perry J. Riley, Richard L. Blomberg, Bonnie B. TI Tristetraprolin, a negative regulator of mRNA stability, is increased in old B cells and is involved in the degradation of E47 mRNA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY; RICH ELEMENT; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; BINDING-PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; TNF-ALPHA; AGED MICE; NONLYMPHOID CELLS AB We have previously shown that the E2A-encoded transcription factor E47, which regulates class switch in splenic B cells, is down-regulated in old B cells, due to increased E47 mRNA decay. At least part of the decreased stability of E47 mRNA seen in aged B cells is mediated by proteins. We have herein looked at the specific proteins responsible for the degradation of the E47 mRNA and found that tristetraprolin (TTP), a physiological regulator of mRNA expression and stability, is involved in the degradation of the E47 mRNA. Although many studies have characterized TTP expression and function in macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, and T cells, little is known about the expression and function of TTP in primary B cells. We show herein that TTP mRNA and protein expression are induced by LPS in B cells from young and old mice, the levels of TTP in old B cells always being higher than those in young B cells. Although TTP mRNA is degraded at a significantly higher rate in old B cells, TTP mRNA expression is higher in old than in young, likely due to its increased transcription. Like in macrophages, TTP protein expression and function in B cells are dependent upon p38 MAPK. We found that there is less phospho-TTP (inactive form), as well as phospho-p38, in old than in young splenic-activated B cells. This is the first report showing that TTP is involved in the degradation of the E47 mRNA and is up-regulated in old B cells. C1 Univ Miami, Miler Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Grad Sch Cell Biol & Dev, Rome, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Blomberg, BB (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miler Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, PO Box 016960,R-138, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM bblomber@med.miami.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-025256, AG-17618, AG-23717]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-064591] NR 70 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 2 BP 918 EP 927 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 186AS UT WOS:000247752100028 PM 17617583 ER PT J AU Adair, BM Moore, T Conklin, SD Creed, JT Wolf, DC Thomas, DJ AF Adair, Blakely M. Moore, Tanya Conklin, Sean D. Creed, John T. Wolf, Douglas C. Thomas, David J. TI Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of dimethylated arsenic and its metabolites in dimethylarsinic acid- or arsenate-treated rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 232nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE dimethylarsenic; arsenate thioarsenicals; rats; metabolisin; disposition ID F344 RATS; IN-VITRO; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE; ARSINOTHIOYL-SUGARS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; LIVER CYTOSOL; ICP-MS; ARSENOSUGAR; MOUSE AB Adult female Fisher 344 rats received drinking water containing 0, 4, 40, 100, or 200 parts per million of dimethylarsinic acid or 100 parts per million of arsenate for 14 days. Urine was collected during the last 24 h of exposure. Tissues were then taken for analysis of dimethylated and trimethylated arsenicals; urines were analyzed for these arsenicals and their thiolated derivatives. In dimethylarsinic acid-treated rats, highest concentrations of dimethylated arsenic were found in blood. In lung, liver, and kidney, concentrations of dimethylated arsenic exceeded those of trimethylated species; in urinary bladder and urine, trimethylated arsenic predominated. Dimethylthioarsinic acid and trimethylarsine sulfide were present in urine of dimethylarsinic acid-treated rats. Concentrations of dimethylated arsenicals were similar in most tissues of dimethylarsinic acid- and arsenate-treated rats, including urinary bladder which is the target for dimethylarsinic acid-induced carcinogenesis in the rat. Mean concentration of dimethylated arsenic was significantly higher (P<0.05) in urine of dimethylarsinic acid-treated rats than in arsenate-treated rats, suggesting a difference between treatment groups in the flux of dimethylated arsenic through urinary bladder. Concentrations of trimethylated arsenic concentrations were consistently higher in dimethylarsinic acid-treated rats than in arsenate-treated rats;, these differences were significant (P<0.05) in liver, urinary bladder, and urine. Concentrations of dimethylthioarsinic acid and trimethylarsine sulfide were higher in urine from dimethylarsinic acid-treated rats than from arsenate-treated rats. Dimethylarsinic acid is extensively metabolized in the rat, yielding significant concentrations of trimethylated species and of thiolated derivatives. One or more of these metabolites could be the species causing alterations of cellular function that lead to tumors in the urinary bladder. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessmetn Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, B143-1,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.04.012 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 195GR UT WOS:000248401000012 PM 17559899 ER PT J AU Samanta, J Burke, GM McGuire, T Pisarek, AJ Mukhopadhyay, A Mishina, Y Kessler, JA AF Samanta, Jayshree Burke, Gordon M. McGuire, Tammy Pisarek, Anna J. Mukhopadhyay, Abhishek Mishina, Yuji Kessler, John A. TI BMPR1a signaling determines numbers of oligodendrocytes and calbindin-expressing interneurons in the cortex SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BMPR1a; Olig1; calbindin; knock-out mice; oligodendrocyte; stem cell ID BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; DEVELOPING CEREBRAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL GABAERGIC NEURONS; SONIC HEDGEHOG; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; PROGENITOR CELLS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MOUSE EMBRYOGENESIS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AB Progenitor cells that express the transcription factor olig1 generate several neural cell types including oligodendrocytes and GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal cortex. The fate of these progenitor cells is regulated by a number of signals including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) secreted in the dorsal forebrain. BMPs signal by binding to heteromeric serine-threonine kinase receptors formed by type I (BMPR1a, BMPR1b, Alk2) and type II (BMPRII) subunits. To determine the specific role of the BMPR1a subunit in lineage commitment by olig1-expressing cells, we used a cre/loxP genetic approach to ablate BMPR1a in these cells while leaving signaling from other subunits intact. There was a reduction in numbers of immature oligodendrocytes in the BMPR1a-null mutant brains at birth. However, by postnatal day 20, the BMPR1a-null mice had a significant increase in the number of mature and immature oligodendrocytes compared with wild-type littermates. There was also an increase in the proportion of calbindin-positive interneurons in the dorsomedial cortex of BMPR1a- null mice at birth without any change in the number of parvalbumin- or calretinin-positive cells. These effects were attributable, at least in part, to a decrease in the length of the cell cycle in subventricular zone progenitor cells. Thus, our findings indicate that BMPR1a mediates the suppressive effects of BMP signaling on oligodendrocyte lineage commitment and on the specification of calbindin-positive interneurons in the dorsomedial cortex. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kessler, JA (reprint author), 303 E Chicago Ave,Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM jakessler@northwestern.edu OI Samanta, Jayshree/0000-0003-1240-3395; Burke, Gordon/0000-0002-4724-6548 NR 86 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 28 BP 7397 EP 7407 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1434-07.2007 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 191RD UT WOS:000248147900004 PM 17626200 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Sustainability perspective and chemistry-based technologies SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY; CHALLENGE; FUTURE C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 4 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 14 BP 4727 EP 4733 DI 10.1021/ie0700056 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 182YV UT WOS:000247540800001 ER PT J AU Shi, M Umbach, DM Weinberg, CR AF Shi, Min Umbach, David M. Weinberg, Clarice R. TI Identification of risk-related haplotypes with the use of multiple SNPs from nuclear families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CASE-PARENT TRIADS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOTYPE ASYMMETRIES; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; TRANSMISSION TEST; TESTS; TRAITS; POLYMORPHISMS; REGRESSION; FETAL AB Family-based association studies offer robustness to population stratification and can provide insight into maternally mediated and parent-of-origin effects. Usually, such studies investigate multiple markers covering a gene or chromosomal region of interest. We propose a simple and general method to test the association of a disease trait with multiple, possibly linked SNP markers and, subsequently, to nominate a set of "risk-haplotype-tagging alleles." Our test, the max_Z(2) test, uses only the genotypes of affected individuals and their parents without requiring the user to either know or assign haplotypes and their phases. It also accommodates sporadically missing SNP data. In the spirit of the pedigree disequilibrium test, our procedure requires only a vector of differences with expected value 0 under the null hypothesis. To enhance power against a range of alternatives when genotype data are complete, we also consider a method for combining multiple tests; here, we combine max_ Z(2) and Hotelling's T-2. To facilitate discovery of risk-related haplotypes, we develop a simple procedure for nominating risk-haplotype-tagging alleles. Our procedures can also be used to study maternally mediated genetic effects and to explore imprinting. We compare the statistical power of several competing testing procedures through simulation studies of case-parents triads, whose diplotypes are simulated on the basis of draws from the HapMap-based known haplotypes of four genes. In our simulations, the max_ Z(2) test and the max_TDT (transmission/ disequilibrium test) proposed by McIntyre et al. perform almost identically, but max_ Z2, unlike max_ TDT, extends directly to the investigation of maternal effects. As an illustration, we reanalyze data from a previously reported orofacial cleft study, to now investigate both fetal and maternal effects of the IRF6 gene. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mail Drop A3-03 101-A315, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinber2@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1086/518670 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 175UO UT WOS:000247039700005 PM 17564963 ER PT J AU Yang, SL Lin, L Chen, JX Lee, CR Seubert, JM Wang, Y Wang, H Chao, ZR Tao, DD Gong, JP Lu, ZY Wang, DW Zeldin, DC AF Yang, Shilin Lin, Li Chen, Ji-Xiong Lee, Craig R. Seubert, John M. Wang, Yan Wang, Hong Chao, Zhong-Ren Tao, De-Ding Gong, Jian-Ping Lu, Zai-Ying Wang, Dao Wen Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; arachidonic acid ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; NITRIC-OXIDE; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; HYPERPOLARIZING FACTOR; INHIBITS APOPTOSIS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; GROWTH-FACTOR; UP-REGULATION; KINASE AB Endothelial cells play a vital role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), cytochrome P-450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in endothelial cells, possess potent and diverse biological effects within the vasculature. We evaluated the effects of overexpression of CYP epoxygenases on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells. CYP epoxygenase overexpression significantly increased endothelial cell viability and inhibited TNF-alpha induction of endothelial cell apoptosis as evaluated by morphological analysis of nuclear condensation, DNA laddering, and fluorescent-activated cell sorting ( FACS) analysis. CYP epoxygenase overexpression also significantly inhibited caspase-3 activity and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression induced by TNF-alpha. The antiapoptotic effects of CYP epoxygenase overexpression were significantly attenuated by inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways; however, inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity had no effect. Furthermore, CYP epoxygenase overexpression significantly attenuated the extent of TNF-alpha-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation in a time-dependent manner and significantly increased PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation in both the presence and absence of TNF-alpha. Collectively, these results suggest that CYP epoxygenase overexpression, which is known to increase EET biosynthesis, significantly protects endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. This effect is mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of ERK dephosphorylation and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. C1 Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Inst Hypertens & Dept Internal Med, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada. Beijing Univ, Life Sci Coll, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Inst Hypertens & Dept Internal Med, 1095 Jie Fang Da Dao Ave, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China. EM dwwang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13] NR 49 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 293 IS 1 BP H142 EP H151 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00783.2006 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 189DE UT WOS:000247968800021 PM 17322420 ER PT J AU Nusing, RM Schweer, H Fleming, I Zeldin, DC Wegmann, M AF Nuesing, Rolf M. Schweer, Horst Fleming, Ingrid Zeldin, Darryl C. Wegmann, Markus TI Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids affect electrolyte transport in renal tubular epithelial cells: dependence on cyclooxygenase and cell polarity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; CYP450; prostaglandin; collecting duct ID CORTICAL COLLECTING DUCT; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; 5,6-EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACID; RAT-KIDNEY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CALCIUM INFLUX; ANGIOTENSIN-II; PRINCIPAL CELL; K+ CHANNEL AB We investigated the effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) on ion transport in the polarized renal distal tubular cell line, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) C7. Of the four EET regioisomers (5,6-EET, 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET) studied, only apical, but not basolateral, application of 5,6-EET increased short-circuit current (I(sc)) with kinetics similar to those of arachidonic acid. The ion transport was blocked by preincubation with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or with the chloride channel blocker NPPB. Furthermore, both a Cl(-)-free bath solution and the Ca(2+) antagonist verapamil blocked 5,6-EET-induced ion transport. Although the presence of the PGE(2) receptors EP2, EP3, and EP4 was demonstrated, apically added PGE(2) was ineffective and basolaterally added PGE(2) caused a different kinetics in ion transport compared with 5,6-EET. Moreover, PGE(2) sythesis in MDCK C7 cells was unaffected by 5,6-EET treatment. GC/MS/MS analysis of cell supernatants revealed the presence of the biologically inactive 5,6-dihydroxy-PGE1 in 5,6-EET-treated cells, but not in control cells. Indomethacin suppressed the formation of 5,6-dihydroxy-PGE1. 5,6-Epoxy-PGE(1), the precursor of 5,6-dihydroxy-PGE1, caused a similar ion transport as 5,6-EET. Cytochrome P-450 enzymes homolog to human CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2J2 protein were detected immunologically in the MDCK C7 cells. Our findings suggest that 5,6-EET affects Cl(-) transport in renal distal tubular cells independent of PGE2 but by a mechanism, dependent on its conversion to 5,6-epoxy-PGE(1) by cyclooxygenase. We suggest a role for this P450 epoxygenase product in the regulation of electrolyte transport, especially as a saluretic compound acting from the luminal side of tubular cells in the mammalian kidney. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Clin Pharmacol, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Marburg, Dept Pediat, Marburg, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Cardiovasc Physiol, Vasc Signalling Grp, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nusing, RM (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Clin Pharmacol, Bldg 75,Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. EM r.m.nuesing@med.uni-frankfurt.de RI Schweer, Horst/C-6240-2008; Fleming, Ingrid/L-1225-2014 OI Fleming, Ingrid/0000-0003-1881-3635 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1931-857X J9 AM J PHYSIOL-RENAL JI Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 293 IS 1 BP F288 EP F298 DI 10.1152/ajprenal.00171.2006 PG 11 WC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology SC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology GA 187LZ UT WOS:000247850500038 PM 17494091 ER PT J AU Neugebauer, K Herzog, C Pundt, N Meyer, L Kollas, G Blackshear, PJ Schett, G Pap, T Echtermeyer, F AF Neugebauer, K. Herzog, C. Pundt, N. Meyer, L. Kollas, G. Blackshear, P. J. Schett, G. Pap, T. Echtermeyer, F. TI Syndecan-4 is highly expressed in human RA and in TNF-alpha dependent models of destructive arthritis and regulates cytokines-induced expression of MMP in arhtritic synovial fibroblasts via ERK SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR 2007) CY JUN 13-16, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European League Against Rheumatism C1 [Neugebauer, K.; Pundt, N.; Meyer, L.; Echtermeyer, F.] Div Mol Med Musculoskeletal Tissue, Munster, Germany. [Herzog, C.] Univ Hosp Munster, Dept Anat, Munster, Germany. [Kollas, G.] Biomed Sci Res Ctr, Inst Immunol, Vari, Greece. [Blackshear, P. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schett, G.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Rheumatol, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 66 SU 2 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 261SU UT WOS:000253101100366 ER PT J AU Reff, A Turpin, BJ Offenberg, JH Weisel, CP Zhang, J Morandi, M Stock, T Colome, S Winer, A AF Reff, Adam Turpin, Barbara J. Offenberg, John H. Weisel, Clifford P. Zhang, Jim Morandi, Maria Stock, Thomas Colome, Steven Winer, Arthur TI A functional group characterization of organic PM2.5 exposure: Results from the RIOPA study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic aerosol; OM/OC; FTIR; indoor air; exposure assessment ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SOURCE STRENGTHS; INDOOR AIR; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; PERSONAL PM2.5; OUTDOOR AIR; LOS-ANGELES AB The functional group (FG) composition of urban residential outdoor, indoor, and personal fine particle (PM2.5) samples is presented and used to provide insights relevant to organic PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 samples (48 h) were collected during collected, and FG absorbances were quantified by partial least squares (PLS) regression, a multivariate calibration method. There is growing evidence in the literature that a large majority of indoor-generated PM2.5 is organic. The current research suggests that indoor-generated PM2.5 is enriched in aliphatic carbon-hydrogen (CH) FGs relative to ambient outdoor PM2.5. Indoor-generated CH exceeded outdoor-generated CH in 144 of the 167 homes for which indoor or outdoor CH was measurable; estimated indoor emission rates are provided. The strong presence of aliphatic CH FGs in indoor PM2.5 makes particulate organic matter substantially less polar indoors and in personal exposures than outdoors. This is a substantial new finding. Based on the quantified FGs, the average organic molecular weight (OM) per carbon weight (OC), a measure of the degree of oxygenation of organic PM, is in the range of 1.7-2.6 for outdoor samples and 1.3-1.7 for indoor and personal samples. Polarity or degree of oxygenation effects particle deposition in exposure environments and in the respiratory system. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Integrated Environm Sci, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Turpin, BJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM turpin@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 41 IS 22 BP 4585 EP 4598 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.054 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 186HG UT WOS:000247769100003 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, Joseph E., II Shadwick, Douglas S. TI Effects of missing seasonal data on estimates of period means of dry and wet deposition SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE period mean; uncertainty; confidence statement; inclusion interval; missing data; CASTNET; NADP; deposition AB The current study uses resampling to investigate the impacts of cyclic seasonal behavior on 1- and 5-year period means composed from seasonal mean values in the presence of missing data. This is an empirical study using complete years of seasonal monitoring data collected in the eastern US and extracted from the clean air status and trends network (CASTNET) dry and the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) wet deposition data archives. Estimators of period means with missing seasonal data are determined using means of the non-missing values as estimates of the missing data. Estimates are evaluated in terms of 95% inclusion intervals (e.g., estimates are within +/- X% of the true value >= 95% of the time). For dry deposition, missing transition seasons (i.e., spring or fall) usually yield estimates of annual means that are within +/- 20% of the true annual mean >= 95% of the time. Missing summers or winters usually have larger impacts on estimates of annual means of dry deposited species than missing transition seasons. A missing summer has the largest impact on estimates of annual means of dry deposition for all constituents, except SO2, where winter is especially important. For wet deposition, a missing season yields estimates of annual means that are within +/- 30% of the true annual mean >= 95% of the time. A missing summer has the largest impact on estimates of annual means of wet deposition for all constituents, except NH4+, where spring and fall are important. A strategy requiring at least 3 years of seasonal representation for three seasons with the fourth season having at least two seasonal values, yields estimates of wet deposition that are within +/- 17% of the true 5-year means >=,95% of the time for all species. Corresponding confidence statements for dry deposition results are considerably stronger, with estimates that are within +/- 10% of the true 5-year mean >= 95% of the time. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sicklesioseph@epa.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 41 IS 23 BP 4931 EP 4939 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.52 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187SH UT WOS:000247868300014 ER PT J AU Mueller, GA DeRose, EF Kirby, TW London, RE AF Mueller, Geoffrey A. DeRose, Eugene F. Kirby, Thomas W. London, Robert E. TI NMR assignment of polymerase beta labeled with H-2, C-13, and N-15 in complex with substrate DNA SO BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS LA English DT Article DE polymerase beta; base excision repair ID SEQUENTIAL ASSIGNMENT; LARGER PROTEINS; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY; RESONANCES; BACKBONE; SPECTRA; DOMAIN AB DNA Polymerase beta is a multifunctional enzyme involved in base excision repair of nuclear DNA in vertebrate cells. We present here the first assignments of the full-length protein (335 residues, 39 kDa) in the presence of a double gap-double hairpin DNA (22 nucleotides, 7 kDa). C1 [Mueller, Geoffrey A.; DeRose, Eugene F.; Kirby, Thomas W.; London, Robert E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 23455 USA. RP London, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 23455 USA. EM london@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-2718 J9 BIOMOL NMR ASSIGM JI Biomol. NMR Assign. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s12104-007-9007-2 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA 341AO UT WOS:000258686800011 PM 19421423 ER PT J AU Beedlow, PA Tingey, DT Lee, EH Phillips, DL Andersen, CP Waschmann, RS Johnson, MG AF Beedlow, Peter A. Tingey, David T. Lee, E. Henry Phillips, Donald L. Andersen, Christian P. Waschmann, Ronald S. Johnson, Mark G. TI Sapwood moisture in Douglas-fir boles and seasonal changes in soil water SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NORWAY SPRUCE; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; ALPINE TIMBERLINE; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PONDEROSA PINE; STORED WATER; PICEA-ABIES; STEM RADIUS AB Large conifers, such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii), purportedly draw on water stored in their holes during periods of summer drought. The relation of seasonal changes in soil moisture to sapwood water content was evaluated in four forest stands dominated by mature Douglas-fir along a transect from the Pacific Coast to 1200 m in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA. The sites varied in stand age, elevation, topography, and soil characteristics, including available soil water capacity. At two sites, gravimetric measures of sapwood relative water content (SRWC) were taken approximately every 4 weeks from May 2002 through July 2004; two additional sites were similarly measured from February 2003 through July 2004. Automated meteorological stations located on the sites and in adjacent open areas continuously monitored weather and soil moisture. Plant-available soil water (ASW) in the upper 0.6 m of soil reached minimum values during the summer drought and rewetted during fall and winter. Large seasonal changes in ASW did not result in corresponding changes in SRWC. Minimum SRWC was lower at sites with higher ASW. At all sites, Douglas-fir trees apparently regulate water loss to maintain consistent ( 10%) bole water content throughout the year despite large changes in soil moisture. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Beedlow, PA (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM beedlow.peter@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1263 EP 1271 DI 10.1139/X06-319 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 217DH UT WOS:000249928100012 ER PT J AU Palmer, MB Majumder, P Green, MR Wade, PA Boss, JM AF Palmer, Matthew B. Majumder, Parimal Green, Myesha R. Wade, Paul A. Boss, Jeremy M. TI A 3' enhancer controls snail expression in melanoma cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; UP-REGULATION; TUMOR-CELLS; HISTONE H3; CANCER; SLUG; TRANSFORMATION; REPRESSORS AB The snail gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that functions during animal development and in cancer progression to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Strict spatial and temporal boundaries of Snail expression in development imply precise transcriptional control, which becomes inappropriately activated in many cancer subtypes. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism(s) governing transcriptional control of Snail, we analyze chromatin structural changes associated with Snail transcription in melanoma cells. Regardless of transcriptional status, the Snail promoter displays three constitutive DNase hypersensitive sites (HS) and a moderate level of historic H3 Lys(4) dimethylation. A robust HS is found in the 3 ' region of A375 melanoma cells, in which Snail is highly expressed, but is absent in cells not expressing Snail. This element is conserved throughout the mammalian lineage and strongly activates expression of a reporter in A375 and Colo829 melanoma cells, but not in keratinocytes or primary melanocytes. Activity of this enhancer is associated with enrichment of H3 Lys(4) dimethylation and H3 acetylation at both the enhancer and the promoter. Additionally, enhancer activity is associated with H3 Lys(4) trimethylation at the promoter. A physical interaction between the 3 ' enhancer and promoter was observed in Snail-expressing cells, demonstrating a direct role for the enhancer in Snail expression. These results suggest a model in which the Snail promoter is constitutively packaged in a poised chromatin structure that can be activated in melanoma cells by a tissue-specific enhancer, which physically contacts the promoter. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Boss, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK065961] NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 13 BP 6113 EP 6120 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4256 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 186II UT WOS:000247772000017 PM 17616667 ER PT J AU Pi, JB Bai, YS Zhang, Q Wong, V Floering, LM Daniel, K Reece, JM Deeney, JT Andersen, ME Corkey, BE Collins, S AF Pi, Jingbo Bai, Yushi Zhang, Qiang Wong, Victoria Floering, Lisa M. Daniel, Kiefer Reece, Jeffrey M. Deeney, Jude T. Andersen, Melvin E. Corkey, Barbara E. Collins, Sheila TI Reactive oxygen species as a signal in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; SENSITIVE K+ CHANNELS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE-PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOXICITY; ACTIVATION; RELEASE AB One of the unique features of P-cells is their relatively low expression of many antioxidant enzymes. This could render P-cells susceptible to oxidative damage but may also provide a system that is sensitive to reactive oxygen species as signals. In isolated mouse islets and INS-1(832/13) cells, glucose increases intracellular accumulation of H2O2. In both models, insulin secretion could be stimulated by provision of either exogenous H2O2 or diethyl maleate, which raises intracellular H2O2 levels. Provision of exogenous H2O2 scavengers, including cell permeable catalase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, inhibited glucose-stimulated H2O2 accumulation and insulin secretion (GSIS). In contrast, cell permeable superoxide dismutase, which metabolizes superoxide into H2O2, had no effect on GSIS. Because oxidative stress is an important risk factor for beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes, the relationship between glucose-induced H-2,O-2, generation and GSIS was investigated under various oxidative stress conditions. Acute exposure of isolated mouse islets or INS-1(832/ 13) cells to oxidative stressors, including arsenite, 4-hydroxynonenal, and methylglyoxal, led to decreased GSIS. This impaired GSIS was associated with increases in a battery of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Taken together, these findings suggest that H2O2 derived from glucose metabolism is one of the metabolic signals for insulin secretion, whereas oxidative stress may disturb its signaling function. C1 Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Endocrine Biol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Obes Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Collins, S (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Endocrine Biol Program, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jpi@thehamner.org; scollins@thehamner.org RI Corkey, Barbara/E-7712-2015; OI Corkey, Barbara/0000-0002-5467-1630; Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Deeney, Jude/0000-0003-0988-9419 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-35914, DK-54024] NR 50 TC 228 Z9 242 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1783 EP 1791 DI 10.2337/db06-1601 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 186GV UT WOS:000247768000004 PM 17400930 ER PT J AU Nixon, SW Buckley, BA Granger, SL Entsua-Mensah, M Ansa-Asare, O White, MJ McKinney, RA Mensah, E AF Nixon, Scott W. Buckley, Betty A. Granger, S. L. Entsua-Mensah, M. Ansa-Asare, O. White, M. J. McKinney, Richard A. Mensah, E. TI Anthropogenic enrichment and nutrients in some tropical lagoons of Ghana, West Africa SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Eutrophication and Pathogen Impacts in New Jersey Coastal Bay CY APR 07-08, 2004 CL Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ SP Barnegat Bay, Natl Estuary Program, Jacques Cousteau Natl Estuarine Res Reserve HO Rutgers Univ DE chlorophyll; eutrophication; Ghana; lagoon; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; population density; stable isotopes; watersheds ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTHEASTERN USA; NARRAGANSETT BAY; COASTAL WATERS; WAQUOIT BAY; NITROGEN; ESTUARIES; INPUTS; FLUXES; FISH AB As part of a larger study of demographic change in coastal Ghana, we measured the concentrations of major plant nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll in eight coastal lagoons with different land use and human population density. The purpose of our study was to relate human activities to water quality in coastal receiving waters. We also carried out preliminary measurements of stable nitrogen isotopes to quantify the contribution of sewage and fertilizer to fish production in the lagoons. Annual mean concentrations of ammonia, nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), and water column chlorophyll a varied by factors of over 1400, 15, 315, and 125, respectively, among the eight small coastal lagoons in the Central and Greater Accra Regions of Ghana. Concentrations of ammonia (mean of similar to 1 mmol/L) and phosphate (mean of similar to 60 mu mol/L) in Korle lagoon, near the capital city of Accra, may be the highest yet reported for an estuarine system. In most of the lagoons, nutrient concentrations throughout the study period were much lower than previously reported, perhaps due to analytical problems in earlier measurements. Dissolved inorganic nutrients varied markedly over the year but showed no evidence of a regular seasonal cycle such as commonly observed in temperate coastal systems. Nutrient concentrations did increase sharply and briefly in many lagoons during the wet season. Water column chlorophyll increased greatly during August and September. Since water column inorganic nutrients were very low during July, it is possible that the apparent bloom was stimulated by nutrients brought into the lagoons during coastal upwelling or that the elevated chlorophyll was itself brought into the lagoons from offshore. Human population densities in the watersheds of the lagoons were high and varied widely, from similar to 150 individuals/km(2) to almost 3300 individuals/km(2). Ratios of watershed area to open lagoon area ranged from similar to 30 to almost 2500, much higher than is common in most well-studied estuaries and lagoons in the United States. We found a strong correlation between human population density and mean annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations among the wide range of systems studied. Mean annual DIN concentrations in the Ghana lagoons were higher than found in a number of temperate lagoons with similar population density. The relationship between population density and DIP and chlorophyll was weak. The latter may be due to toxic effects in Korle lagoon and abundant filter feeders in another lagoon. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios in two species of fish, a shrimp, and a crab varied consistently among the lagoons, with higher delta N-15 values indicative of human sewage in lagoons downstream of more densely populated watersheds. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. CSIR, Water Res Inst, Achimota, Ghana. Brown Univ, Dept Sociol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agr Engn, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Nixon, SW (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM swn@gso.uri.edu NR 74 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP S144 EP S164 DI 10.1890/05-0684.1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194HP UT WOS:000248335600012 ER PT J AU Lane, CR Brown, MT AF Lane, Charles R. Brown, Mark T. TI Diatoms as indicators of isolated herbaceous wetland condition in Florida, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE diatoms; biological assessment; ecoregion; Florida; IBI; isolated wetland; agriculture; nutrient; autecology; LDI ID ALGAL ASSEMBLAGES; WATER CHEMISTRY; BENTHIC ALGAE; FRESH-WATERS; EVERGLADES; PHOSPHORUS; PERIPHYTON; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Benthic, epiphytic, and phytoplanktonic diatoms, as well as soil and water physical-chemical parameters, were sampled from 70 small (average 0.86 ha) isolated depressional herbaceous wetlands located along a gradient of human disturbance in peninsular Florida to (1) compare diatom assemblage structure between algal types; (2) develop biological indicators of wetland condition; (3) examine synecological relationships between diatom structure and environmental variables, with the ultimate goal of developing an index of biological integrity using a single assemblage. Collected diatom samples were enumerated to 250 valves and identified to species or subspecies. An assessment of wetland condition was made using a landscape-scale human disturbance score (Landscape Development Intensity index, LDI), calculated for each site using land use maps and GIS. Assemblages from both impaired and reference sites were compared using blocked multi-response permutation procedures, the percent similarity index, and visually examined using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). No ecologically significant compositional differences were found within sites. Mantel's test (Mantel's r = 0.29, p < 0.0001) and NMDS (stress: 14.52, variance: 78.5%) identified epiphytic diatoms as the most responsive to human disturbance. Strong significant correlations (vertical bar r vertical bar(s)> 0.50, p < 0.05) were found between epiphytic NMDS site scores and soil pH, specific conductivity, water total phosphorous, and LDI, while soil pH, water color, soil TP, and turbidity were also significantly correlated (p < 0.05). Metrics to assess wetland condition were developed using epiphytic abundance data. Epiphytic taxa sensitive or tolerant to human landscape modification were identified using Indicator Species Analysis, and autecological indices relating diatom sensitivity to nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, saprobity, salinity, and trophic, status were calculated. Fourteen final metrics were identified, scored on an ordinal scale, and combined into the Diatom Index of Wetland Condition (DIWC). The DIWC was highly correlated with the disturbance score (Spearman's r(s) = -0.71, p < 0.0001), although the results need to be validated. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, HT Odum Ctr Wetlands, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lane.charles@epa.gov NR 64 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 521 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.06.001 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164DS UT WOS:000246213900003 ER PT J AU Brazner, JC Danz, NP Niemi, GJ Regal, RR Trebitz, AS Howe, RW Hanowski, JM Johnson, LB Ciborowski, JJH Johnston, CA Reavie, ED Brady, VJ Sgro, GV AF Brazner, J. C. Danz, N. P. Niemi, G. J. Regal, R. R. Trebitz, A. S. Howe, R. W. Hanowski, J. M. Johnson, L. B. Ciborowski, J. J. H. Johnston, C. A. Reavie, E. D. Brady, V. J. Sgro, G. V. TI Evaluation of geographic, geomorphic and human influences on Great Lakes wetland indicators: A multi-assemblage approach SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Review DE great lakes coastal wetlands; biotic assemblages; ecological condition indicators; diatoms; wetland vegetation; aquatic macroinvertebrates; amphibians; fish; birds; hierarchical variance partitioning; biogeography; geomorphology ID SUPERIOR COASTAL WETLANDS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SPATIAL SCALE; LAND-USE; HABITAT USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; WATER-QUALITY; FISH HABITAT AB Developing effective indicators of ecological condition requires calibration to determine the geographic range and ecosystem type appropriate for each indicator. Here, we demonstrate an approach for evaluating the relative influence of geography, geomorphology and human disturbance on patterns of variation in biotic indicators derived from multiple assemblages for ecosystems that span broad spatial scales. To accomplish this, we collected abundance information on six biotic assemblages (birds, fish, amphibians, aquatic macroinvertebrates, wetland vegetation., and diatoms) from over 450 locations along U.S. shorelines throughout each of the Great Lakes during 2002-2004. Sixty-six candidate taxon- and function-based indicators analyzed using hierarchical variance partitioning revealed that geographic (lake) rather than geomorphic factors (wetland type) had the greatest influence on the proportion of variance explained across all indicators, and that a significant portion of the variance was also related to response to human disturbance. Wetland vegetation, fish and bird indicators were the most, and macroinvertebrates the least, responsive to human disturbance. Proportion of rock bass, Carex lasiocarpa, and stephanodiscoid diatoms, as well as the presence of spring peepers and the number of insectivorous birds were among the indicators that responded most strongly to a human disturbance index, suggesting they have good potential as indicators of Great Lakes coastal wetland condition. Ecoprovince, wetland type, and indicator type (taxa vs function based) explained relatively little variance. Variance patterns for macroinvertebrates and birds were least concordant with those of other assemblages, while diatoms and amphibians, and fish and wetland vegetation were the most concordant assemblage pairs. Our results strongly suggest it will not be possible to develop effective indicators of Great Lakes coastal wetland condition without accounting for differences among lakes and their important interactions. This is one of the first attempts to show how ecological indicators of human disturbance vary over a broad spatial scale in wetlands. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cofrin Ctr Biodivers, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Biocompex Studies, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH USA. RP Niemi, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM gniemi@nrri.umn.edu OI Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048; Reavie, Euan/0000-0001-8871-5809 NR 131 TC 52 Z9 68 U1 11 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 610 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.07.001 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164DS UT WOS:000246213900009 ER PT J AU Oda, S Tatarazako, N Dorgerloh, M Johnson, RD Kusk, KO Leverett, D Marchini, S Nakari, T Williams, T Iguchi, T AF Oda, Shigeto Tatarazako, Norihisa Dorgerloh, Michael Johnson, Rodney D. Kusk, K. Ole Leverett, Dean Marchini, Silvia Nakari, Tarja Williams, Tim Iguchi, Taisen TI Strain difference in sensitivity to 3,4-dichloroaniline and insect growth regulator, fenoxycarb, in Daphnia magna SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; juvenile hormone; male production; OECD test guideline 211; sex ratio ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOGS; METHYL FARNESOATE; CRUSTACEAN REPRODUCTION AB Acute and reproductive toxicity tests were conducted on seven strains of Daphnia magna from six laboratories in five countries. 3,4-Dichloroaniline (DCA) and fenoxycarb were used as test chemicals. Acute toxicity tests revealed that estimated EC50 (50% effective concentration) values for DCA varied by a factor of 2.1 among strains (310-640 mu g/L), whereas the EC50 values for fenoxycarb varied by a factor of 4 (210-860 mu g/L). EC50 values for reproductive toxicity tests with DCA ranged from 5.9 to 38 mu g/L among strains. Fenoxycarb exposure induced the production of male neonates in all the strains used in the present study. Estimated EC50 values for the induction of male offspring were highly variable among strains: sensitivity to fenoxycarb differed by a factor of approximately 23 overall (0.45-10 mu g/L). The present pre-validation tests suggest that induction of male sex in neonates by a juvenile hormone analog is universal among genetically different strains. Decreased total numbers of neonates at increased concentrations of fenoxycarb as well as other Juvenoids may, however, obscure the incidence of male neonates production in the 21-day reproduction tests due to the low statistical power. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3048506, Japan. Bayer CropSco AG, Exotoxicol Dept, Lab Aquat Organisms, D-40789 Mannheim, Germany. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Environm Agcy, Sci Grp, Biol Effects Lab, Waterlooville PO7 7XX, Hants, England. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Environm & Primary Prevent, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Finnish Environm Inst, FIN-00430 Helsinki, Finland. AstraZeneca UK Ltd, Global SHE Operat, Brixham Environm Lab, Brixton TQ5 8BA, Devon, England. Natl Inst Nat Sci, Inst Integrat Biosci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. RP Oda, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3048506, Japan. EM oda.shigeto@nies.go.jp NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 191TP UT WOS:000248155200010 PM 17289144 ER PT J AU Fare, R Grosskopf, S Pasurka, CA AF Fare, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Pasurka, Carl A., Jr. TI Environmental production functions and environmental directional distance functions SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Meeting CY JAN, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA DE environmental production functions; environmental directional distance functions; pollution abatement costs ID AIR-POLLUTION EMISSIONS; MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUTS AB This study derives the relationship between environmental production functions and environmental directional distance functions. These two approaches make different assumptions when modeling the joint production of good and bad outputs. The environmental production function credits a producer solely for expanding good output production, while the directional environmental distance function credits a producer for simultaneously increasing production of the good output and reducing production of bad outputs. Estimates of technical efficiency and pollution abatement costs are calculated using data from coal-fired power plants. These results provide the empirical basis for comparing the environmental production function to the environmental directional distance function. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pasurka, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat 1809T, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pasurka.carl@epa.gov RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; GROSSKOPF , Shawnax/H-4031-2013; Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 22 TC 128 Z9 163 U1 7 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1055 EP 1066 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2006.09.005 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 174DZ UT WOS:000246922800002 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Fang, YX AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Fang, Yuanxiang TI Use of granular graphite for electrolytic dechlorination of trichloroethylene SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; electrochemical remediation; electrolytic dechlorination; granular graphite; stable carbon isotope; adsorption; chloromethane; chloride yield ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CATHODES; ANODES; SUBSTANCES; HYDROGEN; PHENOL; METAL AB Granular graphite is a potential electrode material for the electrochemical remediation of refractory chlorinated organic compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE). However, the use of granular graphite can complicate the experimental results. On one hand, up to 99% of TCE was removed and up to 75% was eliminated during TCE dechlorination; on the other hand, the chloride yield was extremely low-less than half of the amount of chlorine was recovered, and a carcinogenic, namely chloromethane (CM) was formed. These perplexing results were investigated, through experiments and theoretical analysis, to determine the true extent of dechlorination. Analysis of TCE adsorption results indicated that, in a dechlorination experiment, the adsorbed amount, which varies with the rate of decrease of the concentration of TCE in the solution, were between 7 and 25% of the initial amount of TCE. Results of the dechlorination of carbon-stable isotope TCE confirmed that CM was not a product of dechlorination; in fact, it was a product of an electrode reaction of chloride in the acetate ammonium electrolyte. Extremely low yield of chloride was caused by its reaction with acetate in forming CM and by the reactions at the graphite anode; preventing these chloride-consuming reactions, by using a platinum anode and a potassium nitrate electrolyte, increased chloride yield and chlorine recovery significantly. Based on these findings, the percentage of TCE dechlorinated using a granular-graphite electrode was estimated in a range between 60 and 85%. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 842 EP 851 DI 10.1089/ees.2005.0096 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192GY UT WOS:000248190100013 ER PT J AU Theobald, DM Stevens, DL White, D Urquhart, NS Olsen, AR Norman, JB AF Theobald, David M. Stevens, Don L., Jr. White, Denis Urquhart, N. Scott Olsen, Anthony R. Norman, John B. TI Using GIS to generate spatially balanced random survey designs for natural resource applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE monitoring; spatial sampling; probability-based survey; GIS; accessibility ID MAP ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SAMPLE; VARIANCE AB Sampling of a population is frequently required to understand trends and patterns in natural resource management because financial and time constraints preclude a complete census. A rigorous probability-based survey design specifies where to sample so that inferences from the sample apply to the entire population. Probability survey designs should be used in natural resource and environmental management situations because they provide the mathematical foundation for statistical inference. Development of long-term monitoring designs demand survey designs that achieve statistical rigor and are efficient but remain flexible to inevitable logistical or practical constraints during field data collection. Here we describe an approach to probability-based survey design, called the Reversed Randomized Quadrant-Recursive Raster, based on the concept of spatially balanced sampling and implemented in a geographic information system. This provides environmental managers a practical tool to generate flexible and efficient survey designs for natural resource applications. Factors commonly used to modify sampling intensity, such as categories, gradients, or accessibility, can be readily incorporated into the spatially balanced sample design. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Recreat & Tourism, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Dvi, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Theobald, DM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.theobald@colostate.edu NR 37 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 7 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0199-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180CR UT WOS:000247338100013 PM 17546523 ER PT J AU Boufadel, MC Du, KM Kaku, V Weaver, J AF Boufadel, Michel C. Du, Kemei Kaku, Vikram Weaver, James TI Lagrangian simulation of oil droplets transport due to regular waves SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE oil dispersion; waves; vertical distribution; turbulent diffusion; spreading ID MODEL; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; SURFACE AB Dispersed oils (i.e., oil droplets) at sea are transported by convection due to waves and buoyancy and by turbulent diffusion. This work follows the common approach in the oil community of using a Lagrangian approach instead of the Eulerian approach. Our focus was on small scale simulation of oil plumes subjected to regular waves. Stokes' theory was used to obtain analytical expressions for wave kinematics. The velocity above the Mean Water Level was obtained using a second order Taylor's expansion of the velocity at the MWL. Five hundred droplets were used to simulate the plume for a duration of 60 wave periods. A Monte Carlo framework (300 simulations) was used to compute theoretical mean and variance of plumes. In addition, we introduced a novel dimensionless formulation, whose main advantage was to allow one to report distances in terms of the wave length and times in terms of the wave period. We found that the Stokes' drift was the major mechanism for horizontal transport. We also found that lighter oils propagate faster but spread less than heavier oils. Increasing turbulent diffusion caused the plume to disperse deeper in the water column and to propagate less forward. The spreading in both vertical and horizontal directions increased with an increase in turbulent diffusion. The increase in wave slope (or wave steepness) caused, in general, an increase in the downward and horizontal transport. In the context of mixing in the water column, the dimensionless formulation showed that small steepness waves with a large turbulent diffusion coefficient could result in essentially the same spreading as large steepness waves with a small turbulent diffusion coefficient. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 978 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.06.009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148GT UT WOS:000245063400006 ER PT J AU Rivera-Rodriguez, LB Rodriguez-Estrella, R Ellington, JJ Evans, JJ AF Rivera-Rodriguez, Laura B. Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo Ellington, James Jackson Evans, John J. TI Quantification of low levels of organochlorine pesticides using small volumes (<= 100 mu l) of plasma of wild birds through gas chromatography negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE avian plasma; SPE; HLB-urea extraction; GC-NCI-MS; organochlorine; Baja California sur ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; HUMAN SERUM; CHLORINATED PESTICIDES; NORTH PACIFIC; CASPIAN TERNS; PCBS; CONTAMINANTS; PRODUCTIVITY AB A solid phase extraction and gas chromatography with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry in scan mode (GC-NCI-MS) method was developed to identify and quantify for the first time low levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in plasma samples of less than 100 mu l from wild birds. The method detection limits ranged from 0.012 to 0.102 pg/mu l and the method reporting limit from 0.036 to 0.307 pg/mu l for alpha, gamma, beta and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan-II, endrin-aldehyde and endosulfan-sulfate. Pesticide levels in small serum samples from individual Falco sparverius, Sturnella neglecta, Mimus polyglottos and Columbina passerina were quantified. Concentrations ranged from not detected (n/d) to 204.9 pg/mu l for some OC pesticides. All levels in the food web in and around cultivated areas showed the presence of pesticides notwithstanding the small areas for agriculture existing in the desert of Baja California peninsula. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, SC Environm Planning & Conservat Program, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rivera-Rodriguez, LB (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, SC Environm Planning & Conservat Program, Mar Bermejo No 195,Col Playa Palo Santa Rita,Ado, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico. EM Irivera04@cibnor.mx RI Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo/N-9406-2015 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 148 IS 2 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.018 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182YY UT WOS:000247541100032 PM 17240024 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, SM Liang, L Cussen, D Kirchgessner, DA AF Wilhelm, S. Mark Liang, Lian Cussen, Deborah Kirchgessner, David A. TI Mercury in crude oil processed in the United States (2004) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM AB The mean and range of concentrations of mercury in crude oil processed by U.S. refineries in 2004 were determined using two analytical methods. One hundred seventy separate crude oil streams were sampled repetitively to obtain 328 individual samples. Samples were retrieved immediately upstream of refinery tank farms. Losses of mercury during production, separation, and transportation were not examined. The arithmetic mean and median of 170 oil streams were 7.3 and 1.5 mu g/kg in total mercury, respectively. The total mercury concentration of oil processed in the United States in year 2004, including all species and both dissolved and suspended forms, expressed as a volume-weighted mean was calculated to be 3.5 +/- 0.6 mu g/kg. The range of measured concentrations extended from below the analytical detection limit (0.5 mu g/kg) to approximately 600 mu g/kg Good agreement was found with other recent and independent studies of mercury in crude oil refined in North America. The total amount of mercury in crude oil processed in the U.S annually is less than five percent of the amount contained in U.S. coal produced annually. C1 Mercury Technol Serv, Cebam Analyt, Seattle, WA USA. Frontier Geosci, Seattle, WA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wilhelm, SM (reprint author), Mercury Technol Serv, Cebam Analyt, 23014 Lutheran Church Rd, Seattle, WA USA. EM smw@hgtech.com NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4509 EP 4514 DI 10.1021/es062742j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186MJ UT WOS:000247782500013 PM 17695889 ER PT J AU Oh, JE Gullett, B Ryan, S Touati, A AF Oh, Jeong-Eun Gullett, Brian Ryan, Shawn Touati, Abderrahmane TI Mechanistic relationships among PCDDs/Fs, PCNs, PAHs, CIPhs, and CIBzs in municipal waste incineration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DE-NOVO-SYNTHESIS; GAS-PHASE FORMATION; MODEL FLY-ASH; POLYCHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; STACK GAS; PCDD/FS; 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL; CHLOROPHENOLS AB An extensive investigation was conducted to understand polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD/F) formation mechanisms and their relationship with other organic compounds. PCDD/F, chlorophenols (CIPhs), chlorobenzenes (CIBzs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were analyzed in the boiler exit gases of a field-scale municipal solid waste incinerator under various operating conditions. The TEG value and the concentration of target compounds changed with incinerator operating conditions. Low mass PAHs and 246triCIPh increased dramatically during shut downs; the latter was associated with increased 1368- and 1379TeCDD. A strong correlation was observed between PCNs and PCDFs and adjacent PCNs homologue group were closely related to each other. This suggested that PCN formation is related with chlorination/dechlorination mechanisms similar to PCDFs. PCDDs were related with most of the CIPhs and the high chlorinated benzenes. Most of target compounds except PAHs had a positive correlation (R-2 > 0.5) with TEQ and half of them showed a good relationship (R-2 > 0.8) with PCDDs/Fs toxic equivalency (TEQ). C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS G&M, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gullett, B (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 34 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4705 EP 4710 DI 10.1021/es0629716 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186MJ UT WOS:000247782500041 PM 17695917 ER PT J AU Van Ginkel, SW Kortekaas, SJM Van Lier, JB AF Van Ginkel, Steven W. Kortekaas, Sion J. M. Van Lier, Jules B. TI The chronic toxicity of alcohol alkoxylate surfactants on anaerobic granular sludge in the pulp and paper industry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ETHOXYLATES; BIODEGRADABILITY; PERMEABILITY AB The chronic toxicity of an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant used in the pulp and paper industry was observed in methanogenic consortia under unfed conditions. Methanogenic inhibition was not observed until 250 h of famine conditions while in the presence of the surfactant. The delayed onset of inhibition is likely due to the amount of time necessary for the surfactant to partition into the cellular membrane which uncouples cellular energy conservation mechanisms and exhausts internal energy reserves necessary to maintain homeostasis. C1 Board Authorizat Pest, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. Lettinga Associates Fdn, NL-6700 AM Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen Univ, Subdept Environm Technol, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Van Ginkel, SW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther Dr B-5, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM van-ginket.steve@epamail.epa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4711 EP 4714 DI 10.1021/es063046m PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186MJ UT WOS:000247782500042 PM 17695918 ER PT J AU Larkin, P Villeneuve, DL Knoebl, I Miracle, AL Carter, BJ Liu, L Denslow, ND Ankley, GT AF Larkin, Patrick Villeneuve, Daniel L. Knoebl, Iris Miracle, Ann L. Carter, Barbara J. Liu, Li Denslow, Nancy D. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Development and validation of a 2,000-gene microarray for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ecotoxicology; estradiol; fathead minnow; gene expression; microarray ID VITELLOGENIN GENE-EXPRESSION; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPOSURE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; LIVER; FISH AB Gene microarrays provide the field of ecotoxicology new tools to identify mechanisms of action of chemicals and chemical mixtures. Herein we describe the development and application of a 2,000-gene oligonucleotide microarray for the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, a species commonly used in ecological risk assessments in North America. The microarrays were developed from various cDNA and subtraction libraries that we constructed. Consistency and reproducibility of the microarrays were documented by examining multiple technical replicates. To test application of the fathead minnow microarrays, gene expression profiles of fish exposed to 17 beta-estradiol, a well-characterized estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, were examined. For these experiments, adult male fathead minnows were exposed for 24 It to waterborne 17 beta-estradiol (40 or 100 ng/L) in a flow-through system, and gene expression in liver samples was characterized. Seventy-one genes were identified as differentially regulated by estradiol exposure. Examination of the gene ontology designations of these genes revealed patterns consistent with estradiol's expected mechanisms of action and also provided novel insights as to molecular effects of the estrogen. Our studies indicate the feasibility and utility of microarrays as a basis for understanding biological responses to chemical exposure in a model ecotoxicology test species. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EcoArray, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2R44ES013637-02, 1R43 ES011882-01] NR 39 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1497 EP 1506 DI 10.1897/06-501R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 180PY UT WOS:000247379200022 PM 17665692 ER PT J AU Sigleo, AC Frick, WE AF Sigleo, A. C. Frick, W. E. TI Seasonal variations in river discharge and nutrient export to a Northeastern Pacific estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrients; riverine loading; Oregon; Northeastern Pacific; USA ID MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; DISSOLVED SILICA; NITROGEN EXPORT; UNITED-STATES; OREGON COAST; USA; DYNAMICS; GRADIENT; ALDER; BAY AB Seasonal variations in dissolved nitrogen and silica loadings were related to seasonal variability in river discharge. Dissolved nutrient concentrations measured weekly at three stations in the Yaquina River, Oregon from 1999 through 2001, and then monthly in 2002 were used as the basis for developing a nutrient loading regression as part of a larger agency program for evaluating nutrient processes. Because realistic models of nutrient transport require dense data sets to capture both long and short term fluctuations in nutrient concentrations, data at one freshwater station also were collected hourly for the same years using an in-stream monitor. The effects of storm events on dissolved nutrient. transport were examined during three storms, including one in a high rainfall-discharge year, and two in average years, one of which followed a drought year. During the drought year (WY2001), total dissolved nitrate input was considerably less than in wetter years. Dissolved nitrate concentrations, however, were unusually high in the first winter storm runoff after the drought. The freshwater dissolved nitrate nitrogen loads varied from 40,380 kg day(-1) during a high-flow storm event to 0.11 kg day(-1) during late summer, low flow conditions. Dissolved silica dynamics differed from those of nitrate because during storm events, silica concentrations in the Yaquina River decreased to near zero at the storm height, probably due to dilution by near surface or overland flow, and later recovered. During the time interval studied, over 94% of the dissolved nitrate and silica were transported from the watershed during the winter months of greater rainfall, indicating that seasonality and river flow are primary factors when considering nutrient loadings from this watershed system. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sigleo, AC (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM sigleo.anne@epa.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 368 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.015 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 179HX UT WOS:000247281500002 ER PT J AU Marzec, JM Christie, JD Reddy, SP Jedlicka, AE Vuong, H Lanken, PN Aplenc, R Yamamoto, T Yamamoto, M Cho, HY Kleeberger, SR AF Marzec, Jacqui M. Christie, Jason D. Reddy, Sekhar P. Jedlicka, Anne E. Vuong, Hue Lanken, Paul N. Aplenc, Richard Yamamoto, Tae Yamamoto, Masayuki Cho, Hye-Youn Kleeberger, Steven R. TI Functional polymorphisms in the transcription factor NRF2 in humans increase the risk of acute lung injury SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; reactive oxygen species; ALI; acute respiratory distress syndrome; trauma; oxidative stress; translational ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; GENE; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; DISEASE; ARDS; DIFFERENTIATION AB We recently used positional cloning to identify the transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 related factor 2) as a susceptibility gene in a murine model of oxidant-induced acute lung injury (ALI). NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) and up-regulates protective detoxifying enzymes in response to oxidative stress. This led us to investigate NRF2 as a candidate susceptibility gene for risk of development of ALI in humans. We identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) by resequencing NRF2 in ethnically diverse subjects, and one (-617 C/A) significantly (P < 0.001) diminished luciferase activity of promoter constructs containing the SNP and significantly decreased the binding affinity (P < 0.001) relative to the wild type at this locus (-617 CC). In a nested case-control study, patients with the -617 A SNP had a significantly higher risk for developing ALI after major trauma ( OR 6.44; 95% CI 1.34, 30.8; P=0.021) relative to patients with the wild type (-617 CC). This translational investigation provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of susceptibility to ALI and may help to identify patients who are predisposed to develop ALI under at risk conditions, such as trauma and sepsis. Furthermore, these findings may have important implications in other oxidative stress related illnesses. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol Biostat, Philadelphia, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr TARA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Kleeberger, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr Bldg 101,Rm D240, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kleeber1@niehs.nih.gov RI Yamamoto, Masayuki/A-4873-2010 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [P50 HL-60290-01, R01 HL-66109, K23 HL-04243] NR 45 TC 179 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 11 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 21 IS 9 BP 2237 EP 2246 DI 10.1096/fj.06-7759com PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 182JG UT WOS:000247500300032 PM 17384144 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EA Rygiewicz, PT Johnscin, MG Moldenke, AR AF Hobbie, Erik A. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Johnscin, Mark G. Moldenke, Andrew R. TI C-13 and N-15 in microarthropods reveal little response of Douglas-fir ecosystems to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem response; food webs; global change; soil carbon; stable isotopes ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPHIC NICHE DIFFERENTIATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN ALLOCATION; SAPROTROPHIC FUNGI; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; PINUS-HALEPENSIS; BETULA-PENDULA AB Understanding ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling under global change requires experiments maintaining natural interactions among soil structure, soil communities, nutrient availability, and plant growth. In model Douglas-fir ecosystems maintained for five growing seasons, elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) increased photosynthesis and increased C storage belowground but not aboveground. We hypothesized that interactions between N cycling and C fluxes through two main groups of microbes, mycorrhizal fungi (symbiotic with plants) and saprotrophic fungi (free-living), mediated ecosystem C storage. To quantify proportions of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi, we measured stable isotopes in fungivorous microarthropods that efficiently censused the fungal community. Fungivorous microarthropods consumed on average 35% mycorrhizal fungi and 65% saprotrophic fungi. Elevated temperature decreased C flux through mycorrhizal fungi by 7%, whereas elevated CO2 increased it by 4%. The dietary proportion of mycorrhizal fungi correlated across treatments with total plant biomass (n = 4, r(2) = 0.96, P = 0.021), but not with root biomass. This suggests that belowground allocation increased with increasing plant biomass, but that mycorrhizal fungi were stronger sinks for recent photosynthate than roots. Low N content of needles (0.8-1.1 %) and A horizon soil (0.11 %) coupled with high C: N ratios of A horizon soil (25-26) and litter (36-48) indicated severe N limitation. Elevated temperature treatments increased the saprotrophic decomposition of litter and lowered litter C: N ratios. Because of low N availability of this litter, its decomposition presumably increased N immobilization belowground, thereby restricting soil N availability for both mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth. Although increased photosynthesis with elevated CO2 increased allocation of C to ectomycorrhizal fungi, it did not benefit plant N status. Most N for plants and soil storage was derived from litter decomposition. N sequestration by mycorrhizal fungi and limited N release during litter decomposition by saprotrophic fungi restricted N supply to plants, thereby constraining plant growth response to the different treatments. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Erik.Hobbie@unh.edu NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1386 EP 1397 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01379.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202ZV UT WOS:000248945800008 ER PT J AU Kraemer, SR AF Kraemer, Stephen R. TI Analytic element ground water modeling as a research program (1980 to 2006) SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID THROUGH LARGE NUMBERS; HYDROGEOLOGICAL RESEARCH; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOW; INHOMOGENEITIES; SCIENCES; AQUIFER AB Scientists and engineers who use the analytic element method (AEM) for solving problems of regional ground water flow may be considered a community, and this community can be studied from the perspective of history and philosophy of science. Applying the methods of the Hungarian philosopher of science Imre Lakatos (1922 to 1974), the AEM "research program" is distinguished by its hard core (theoretical basis), protective belt (auxiliary assumptions), and heuristic (problem solving machinery). AEM has emerged relatively recently in the scientific literature and has a relatively modest number of developers and practitioners compared to the more established finite-element and finite-difference methods. Nonetheless, there is evidence to support the assertion that the AEM research program remains in a progressive phase. The evidence includes an expanding publication record, a growing research strand following Professor Otto Strack's book Groundwater Mechanics (1989), the continued placement of AEM researchers in academia, and the further development of innovative analytical solutions and computational solvers/models. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kraemer, SR (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kraemer.stephen@epa.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00314.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 189IG UT WOS:000247982000004 PM 17600570 ER PT J AU Rubes, J Selevan, SG Sram, RJ Evenson, DP Perreault, SD AF Rubes, J. Selevan, S. G. Sram, R. J. Evenson, D. P. Perreault, S. D. TI GSTM1 genotype influences the susceptibility of men to sperm DNA damage associated with exposure to air pollution SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the European-Society-of-Human-Reproduction-and-Embryology CY JUL 01-04, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP European Soc Human Reprod & Embryol (ESHRE) C1 [Rubes, J.] Vet Res Inst, Dept Genet & Reprod, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. [Selevan, S. G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sram, R. J.] Inst Expt Med AS CR, Lab Genet Ecotoxicol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Evenson, D. P.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Perreault, S. D.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 EI 1460-2350 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 MA P528 BP I206 EP I207 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 293GA UT WOS:000255322200515 ER PT J AU Santora, M Wilson, R AF Santora, Marc Wilson, Rande TI Water sector security and preparedness: A sustainable, all-hazards approach SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Water Secur Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Rowayton, CT USA. RP Santora, M (reprint author), US EPA, Water Secur Div, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 4601M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM santora.marc@epa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 99 IS 7 BP 33 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 188TQ UT WOS:000247942600014 ER PT J AU Brass, DM Hollingsworth, JW Fessler, MB Savov, JD Maxwell, AB Whitehead, GS Burch, LH Schwartz, DA AF Brass, David M. Hollingsworth, John W. Fessler, Michael B. Savov, Jordan D. Maxwell, Abby B. Whitehead, Gregory S. Burch, Lauranell H. Schwartz, David A. TI The IL-1 type 1 receptor is required for the development of LPS-induced airways disease SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LPS; endotoxin; airway disease; IL-1; IL-1 receptor; airway remodeling ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; EXPRESSION; GENE; MICE; FIBROBLASTS; INHALATION; IL-1-BETA; MEDIATORS AB Background: The contribution of IL-1 beta signaling through the IL-1 type 1 receptor (Il-1R1) to the development of persistent LPS-induced airway disease has not been investigated. Objective: To determine the importance of signaling through the IL-1 type I receptor in the development of LPS-induced airway disease. Methods: We exposed IL-1R1-deficient (C57BL/6(IL-1RI-/-)) mice to an aerosol of LPS or filtered air for I day, I week, or 4 weeks. Results: After 4 weeks of LPS inhalation, C57BL/6(IL-1RI-/-) mice failed to develop significant submucosal thickening, whereas C57BL/6 mice had significantly thickened submucosa in small, medium, and large airways compared with those of unexposed control mice. Cell proliferation in the airways of both the 1-week and 4-week LPS-exposed C57BL/6(IL-1RI-/-) mice was significantly reduced compared with LPS-exposed C57BL/6 mice. mRNA for type III alpha-3 procollagen was significantly elevated over baseline in C57BL/6 yet remained unchanged compared with baseline in C57BL/6(IL-1RI-/-) mice after 1 week or 4 weeks of LPS inhalation. mRNA for tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 1 in C57BL/6 mice in the 1-week and 4-week groups was significantly elevated over both control mice and C57BL/6(IL-1RI-/-) Mice. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that signaling through the IL-1 receptor modulates extracellular matrix homeostasis in response to inhaled LPS. Clinical implications: Attenuating IL-1R1-mediated signaling might be an effective therapy against the development of airway remodeling in chronic inflammatory diseases. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Brass, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Rall Bldg,Room C224,POB 12233,MD C2-15,111 Alexan, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM brassd@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101947-03, Z01 ES101946-03, Z01 ES101945-03]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES101946, ES12717, Z01 ES101947, K08 ES012717, Z01 ES101945] NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.051 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 190NS UT WOS:000248066400017 PM 17512577 ER PT J AU Veeramachaneni, DNR Palmer, JS Klinefelter, GR AF Veeramachaneni, D. N. R. Palmer, J. S. Klinefelter, G. R. TI Chronic exposure to low levels of dibromoacetic acid, a water disinfection by-product, adversely affects reproductive function in male rabbits SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; acrosomal clysgenesis; sexual dysfunction; infertility; SP22 ID DRINKING-WATER; BROMOCHLOROACETIC ACID; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; SPERM; FERTILITY; RATS; TESTES; SP22; SPERMATOTOXICITY; VINCLOZOLIN AB Four groups (minimum of 10/dose group) of male Dutch-belted rabbits were treated daily with dibromoacetic acid (DBA) via drinking water beginning in utero from gestation day 15 to adulthood; target dosages were 1, 5, and 50 mg DBA/kg body weight. Developmental, prepubertal as well as postpubertal reproductive sequelae were evaluated. One (out of 22), 2 (out of 32), and 1 (out of 21) male offspring in the 1, 5, and 50 mg DBA/kg groups were unilaterally cryptorchid. There were no significant differences in serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone (basal concentrations or in response to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone) in both prepubertal and adult rabbits. Chronic exposure to DBA adversely affected the mating abilities of some rabbits. The number of sperm produced was not affected, but spermiogenesis was disrupted, resulting in unique sperm acrosomal-nuclear malformations even at the 1-mg dose level. Concentrations of SP22, a specific sperm membrane fertility protein, in detergent extracts of ejaculated sperm were significantly lower (P <.05) in all DBA-treated groups compared with controls. The conception rates following artificial insemination of a constant number of sperm for 1, 5, and 50 mg DBA/kg groups were 55% (10/18), 65% (13/20), and 55% (9/16), respectively, vs 85% (17/20) for control group. Histologic lesions in testes characterized by spermatogenic arrest predominantly at the round spermatid stage, pyknosis of differentiating germ cells, and ultimate degeneration and clesquamation leaving focal vacuolation in seminiferous epithelium were evident in DBA-treated groups. Thus, male rabbits exhibit reproductive toxicity with exposure to DBA during reproductive development at dosages as low as 1 mg/kg body weight. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Veeramachaneni, DNR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM D_N_Rao.Veeramachaneni@colostate.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.2164/jandrol.106.002550 PG 13 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 186FO UT WOS:000247764700017 PM 17377142 ER PT J AU Hogrefe, C Hao, W Civerolo, K Ku, JY Sistla, G Gaza, RS Sedefian, L Schere, K Gilliland, A Mathur, R AF Hogrefe, C. Hao, W. Civerolo, K. Ku, J.-Y. Sistla, G. Gaza, R. S. Sedefian, L. Schere, K. Gilliland, A. Mathur, R. TI Daily simulation of ozone and fine particulates over New York State: findings and challenges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY MULTISCALE AIR; UNITED-STATES; FORECAST SYSTEM; ETA-MODEL; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; BENCHMARK; URBAN AB This study investigates the potential utility of the application of a photochemical modeling system in providing simultaneous forecasts of ozone (O-3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over New York State. To this end, daily simulations from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for three extended time periods during 2004 and 2005 have been performed, and predictions were compared with observations of ozone and total and speciated PM2.5. Model performance for 8-h daily maximum O-3 was found to be similar to other forecasting systems and to be better than that for the 24-h-averaged total PM2.5. Both pollutants exhibited no seasonal differences in model performance. CMAQ simulations successfully captured the urban-rural and seasonal differences evident in observed total and speciated PM2.5 concentrations. However, total PM2.5 mass was strongly overestimated in the New York City metropolitan area, and further analysis of speciated observations and model predictions showed that most of this overprediction stems from organic aerosols and crustal material. An analysis of hourly speciated data measured in Bronx County, New York, suggests that a combination of uncertainties in vertical mixing, magnitude, and temporal allocation of emissions and deposition processes are all possible contributors to this overprediction in the complex urban area. Categorical evaluation of CMAQ simulations in terms of exceeding two different threshold levels of the air quality index (AQI) again indicates better performance for ozone than PM2.5 and better performance for lower exceedance thresholds. In most regions of New York State, the routine air quality forecasts based on observed concentrations and expert judgment show slightly better agreement with the observed distributions of AQI categories than do CMAQ simulations. However, CMAQ shows skill similar to these routine forecasts in terms of capturing the AQI tendency, that is, in predicting changes in air quality conditions. Overall, the results presented in this study reveal that additional research and development is needed to improve CMAQ simulations of PM2.5 concentrations over New York State, especially for the New York City metropolitan area. On the other hand, because CMAQ simulations capture urban-rural concentration gradients and day-to-day fluctuations in observed air quality despite systematic overpredictions in some areas, it would be useful to develop tools that combine CMAQ's predictive capability in terms of spatial concentration gradients and AQI tendencies with real-time observations of ambient pollutant levels to generate forecasts with higher temporal and spatial resolutions ( e. g., county level) than those of techniques based exclusively on monitoring data. C1 SUNY Albany, Bur Air Qual Anal & Res, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hogrefe, C (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Bur Air Qual Anal & Res, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233 USA. EM chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us OI Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 961 EP 979 DI 10.1175/JAM2520.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198WB UT WOS:000248657100002 ER PT J AU Gego, E Porter, PS Gilliland, A Rao, ST AF Gego, Edith Porter, P. Steven Gilliland, Alice Rao, S. Trivikrama TI Observation-based assessment of the impact of nitrogen oxides emissions reductions on ozone air quality over the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TIME SCALES; TRENDS; VARIABILITY AB Ozone is produced by chemical interactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. At high concentrations, ground-level ozone has been shown to be harmful to human health and to the environment. It has been recognized that ozone is a regional-scale problem and that regionwide control strategies would be needed to improve ozone air quality in the eastern United States. To mitigate interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a regional rule in 1998 known as the "NOx State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call," requiring 21 states in the eastern United States to reduce their summertime NOx emissions by 30 May 2004. In this paper, the effectiveness of the new emission control measures mandated by the NOx SIP Call is assessed by quantifying the changes that occurred in the daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations measured at nearly 50 locations, most of which are rural (33 sites of the Clean Air Status and Trend Network and 16 sites of the Air Quality System), over the eastern United States. Given the strong dependence of ozone formation and accumulation on meteorological conditions, the incidence of the latter is first mitigated, and meteorologically adjusted ozone concentrations are extracted using a multiple regression technique. By examining the differences between the cumulative distribution functions of the meteorologically adjusted ozone concentrations, it is shown that ozone concentrations in the eastern United States are now on average 13% less than those prior to the NOx SIP Call. Using back-trajectory analyses, it is also shown that emission controls on the electricity-generating units located in the Ohio River Valley have contributed toward the improvement of ozone air quality in downwind regions, especially east and northeast of the Ohio River Valley. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Room E-204D,MD E243-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 994 EP 1008 DI 10.1175/JAM2523.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198WB UT WOS:000248657100004 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Bhave, PV AF Sarwar, Golam Bhave, Prakash V. TI Modeling the effect of chlorine emissions on ozone levels over the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; URBAN OZONE; MOLECULAR CHLORINE; COOLING-TOWERS; HOUSTON; TEXAS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; FATE AB This paper presents model estimates of the effect of chlorine emissions on atmospheric ozone concentrations in the eastern United States. The model included anthropogenic molecular chlorine emissions, anthropogenic hypochlorous acid emissions from cooling towers and swimming pools, and chlorine released from sea-salt aerosols. The release of chlorine emissions from sea-salt aerosols was modeled using heterogeneous reactions involving chloride ions in aerosols and three gas-phase species. The gas-phase chlorine chemistry was combined with the Carbon Bond Mechanism and incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system. Air quality model simulations were performed for July 2001 and the results obtained with and without chlorine emissions were analyzed. When chlorine emissions were included in the model, ozone concentrations increased in the Houston, Texas, and New York-New Jersey areas. The daily maximum 1-h ozone concentrations increased by up to 12 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) in the Houston area and 6 ppbv in the New York-New Jersey area. The daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations increased by up to 8 ppbv in the Houston area and 4 ppbv in the New York-New Jersey area. The monthly average daily maximum 1-h ozone concentration increased by up to 3 ppbv in the Houston area, but the increases in the monthly average daily maximum 1-h ozone concentration in the New York-New Jersey area were small. Chlorine emissions and chemistry enhanced the volatile organic compound oxidation rates and, thereby, increased the ozone production rate. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1009 EP 1019 DI 10.1175/JAM2519.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198WB UT WOS:000248657100005 ER PT J AU Lightfoot, JT Turner, MJ Knab, AK Jedlicka, AE Oshimura, T Marzec, J Gladwell, W Leamy, LJ Kleeberger, SR AF Lightfoot, J. Timothy Turner, Michael J. Knab, Amy Kleinfehn Jedlicka, Anne E. Oshimura, Tomohiro Marzec, Jacqui Gladwell, Wesley Leamy, Larry J. Kleeberger, Steven R. TI Quantitative trait loci associated with maximal exercise endurance in mice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE candidate genes; aerobic capacity; genotyping ID HERITAGE FAMILY; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITY; MOUSE; MAP; LINKAGE; GENOME; RATS; RESEMBLANCE; PHENOTYPES AB The role of genetics in the determination of maximal exercise endurance is unclear. Six- to nine-week-old F, mice (n = 99; 60 female, 39 male), derived from an intercross of two inbred strains that had previously been phenotyped as having high maximal exercise endurance (Balb/cJ) and low maximal exercise endurance (DBA/2J), were treadmill tested to estimate exercise endurance. Selective genotyping of the F-2 cohort (n = 12 high exercise endurance; n = 12 low exercise endurance) identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome X (53.7 cM, DXMit121) in the entire cohort and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 8 (36.1 cM, D8Mit359) in the female mice. Fine mapping with the entire F, cohort and additional informative markers confirmed and narrowed the QTLs. The chromosome 8 QTL (EE8(F)) is homologous with two suggestive human QTLs and one significant rat QTL previously linked with exercise endurance. No effect of sex (P = 0.33) or body weight (P = 0.79) on exercise endurance was found in the F2 cohort. These data indicate that genetic factors in distinct chromosomal regions may affect maximal exercise endurance in the inbred mouse. Whereas multiple genes are located in the identified QTL that could functionally affect exercise endurance, this study serves as a foundation for further investigations delineating the identity of genetic factors influencing maximum exercise endurance. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Kinesiol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Malaria Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Lightfoot, JT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Kinesiol, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM jtlightf@uncc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [AG-022417]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-050085] NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01328.2006 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 195KK UT WOS:000248410900015 PM 17412788 ER PT J AU Meckes, MC Haught, RC Kelty, K Blannon, JC Cmehil, D AF Meckes, Mark C. Haught, Roy C. Kelty, Keith Blannon, Janet C. Cmehil, David TI Impact on water distribution system biofilm densities from reverse osmosis membrane treatment of supply water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water distribution systems; reverse osmosis; biofilms; heterotrophic plate count; HPC; chlorine; assimilable organic carbon ID ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON; DRINKING-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; REGROWTH; GROWTH AB The quality of potable water is such that the concentration of nutrients available for growth of microorganisms within distribution systems is limited. In such systems carbon is often the growth limiting nutrient. Research conducted in the Netherlands has indicated that low levels (<10 mu g/L) of available organic carbon in water is sufficient to maintain an actively growing population of heterotropbic, or organic carbon utilizing, bacteria in aquatic systems. However, the ability of commercially available and cost effective technologies to achieve such low concentrations of assimilable organic carbon in full-scale water systems is doubtful. Reverse osmosis (RO) systems have been used for many years to effectively remove contaminants from source waters. We challenged a water distribution system simulator (DSS) with water from a municipal system and water that was treated using an RO system under two concentrations of residual free chlorine to evaluate the effect of this disinfectant on biofilms in contact with low nutrient water. Our results showed that biofilm densities in the DSS carrying low nutrient RO treated water were lower than biofilm densities taken from the DSS when it carried water directly obtained from a municipal system. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Meckes, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM meckes.mark@epa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1139/S06-062 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192TH UT WOS:000248225400011 ER PT J AU Speth, TF Schock, MR AF Speth, Thomas F. Schock, Michael R. TI Removing esoteric contaminants from drinking waters: Impacts of treatment implementation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANION-EXCHANGE RESINS; PERCHLORATE REDUCTION; BACTERIAL; BIOFILM C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Speth, TF (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Speth.Thomas@epa.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 7 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:7(665) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SB UT WOS:000247384900001 ER PT J AU Boufadel, MC Li, HL Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Boufadel, Michel C. Li, Hailong Suidan, Makram T. Venosa, Albert D. TI Tracer studies in a laboratory beach subjected to waves SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-TABLE; RUN-UP AB This work investigated the washout of dissolved nutrients from beaches due to waves by conducting tracer studies in a laboratory beach facility. The effects of waves were studied in the case where the beach was subjected to the tide, and that in which no tidal action was present. The following may be inferred: (1) waves created a steep hydraulic gradient in the swash zone and a mild one landward of it; (2) waves increased the residence time of a plume when they broke seaward of it. They also created additional pathways for transport of the tracer to the beach surface; and (3) in the presence of a tide that completely covered the solute plume, overall, the waves increased the washout of the tracer from the intertidal zone of the beach in comparison with the no-wave case. The residence time of the tracer plume due to waves superimposed on the tide was estimated as 75% of that resulting from the tide with no waves. Discussion on scaling up the results and implications for bioremediation are also presented. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu; hailong@graduate.hku.hk NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 7 BP 722 EP 732 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:7(722) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SB UT WOS:000247384900007 ER PT J AU Bahadori, T Phillips, RD Money, CD Quackenboss, JJ Clewell, HJ Bus, JS Robison, SH Humphris, CJ Parekh, AA Osborn, K Kauffman, RM AF Bahadori, Tina Phillips, Richard D. Money, Chris D. Quackenboss, James J. Clewell, Harvey J. Bus, James S. Robison, Steven H. Humphris, Colin J. Parekh, Ami A. Osborn, Kimberly Kauffman, Rebecca M. TI Making sense of human biomonitoring data: Findings and recommendations of a workshop SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; American Chemistry Council; International Council of Chemical Associations; workshop; chemicals; research AB The ability to measure chemicals in humans (often termed biomonitoring) is far outpacing the ability to interpret reliably these data for public health purposes, creating a major knowledge gap. Until this gap is filled, the greatpromise of routinely using biomonitoring data to support decisions to protect public health cannot be realized. Research is needed to link biomonitoring data quantitatively to the potential for adverse health risks, either through association with health outcomes or using information on the concentration and duration of exposure, which can then be linked to health guidelines. Developing such linkages in the risk assessment paradigm is one of the primary goals of the International Council of Chemical Associations' (ICCA) Long-Range Research Initiative (LRI) program in the area of biomonitoring. Therefore, ICCA sponsored a workshop to facilitate development of a coordinated agenda for research to enable an improved interpretation of human biomonitoring data. Discussions addressed three main topics: (1) exploration of the link between exposure, dose, and human biomonitoring data, ( 2) the use of computational tools to interpret biomonitoring data, and (3) the relevance of human biomonitoring data to the design of toxicological studies. Several overarching themes emerged from the workshop: (a) Interpretation and use of biomonitoring data should involve collaboration across all sectors (i.e., industry, government, and academia) and countries. (b) Biomonitoring is not a stand-alone tool, and it should be linked to exposure and toxicological dose information. (c) Effective communication is critical, because when uncertainty about the actual risks is high, the perceived risks grow in the absence of communication. (d) The scope of future biomonitoring activities encompasses a variety of research approaches - from advancing the science to fill data gaps to advancing the accessibility of the current knowledge to enable better information sharing. C1 Amer Chem Council, Long Range Res Initiat, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. ExxonMobil Petr & Chem, B-1831 Machelen, Belgium. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Exposure & Dose Res Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. European Chem Council, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium. ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22301 USA. RP Bahadori, T (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, Long Range Res Initiat, 1300 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM tina_bahadori@americanchemistry.com RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500581 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400002 PM 17495868 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Whitaker, D Quiros, L Castorina, R Henn, BC Nishioka, M Morgan, J Barr, DB Harnly, M Brisbin, JA Sheldon, LS Mckone, TE Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, Asa Whitaker, Donald Quiros, Lesliam Castorina, Rosemary Henn, Birgit Claus Nishioka, Marcia Morgan, Jeffrey Barr, Dana B. Harnly, Martha Brisbin, Judith A. Sheldon, Linda S. Mckone, Thomas E. Eskenazi, Brenda TI Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the Salinas Valley, CA SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; children; exposure; agriculture; union suits ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; WASHINGTON-STATE; HOUSEHOLD DUST; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB In support of planning efforts for the National Children's Study, we conducted a study to test field methods for characterizing pesticide exposures to 20 farmworker children aged 5-27 months old living in the Salinas Valley of Monterey County, California. We tested methods for collecting house dust, indoor and outdoor air, dislodgeable residues from surfaces and toys, residues on clothing (sock and union suits), food, as well as spot and overnight diaper urine samples. We measured 29 common agricultural and home use pesticides in multiple exposure media samples. A subset of organophosphorus (OP), organochlorine (OC) and pyrethroid pesticides were measured in food. We also analyzed urine samples for OP pesticide metabolites. Finally, we administered four field-based exposure assessment instruments: a questionnaire; food diary; home inspection; and a self-administered child activity timeline. Pesticides were detected more frequently in house dust, surface wipes, and clothing than other media, with chlorpyrifos, diazinon, chlorthal-dimethyl, and cis- and trans-permethrin detected in 90% to 100% of samples. Levels of four of these five pesticides were positively correlated among the house dust, sock, and union suit samples (Spearman's rho = 0.18-0.76). Pesticide loading on socks and union suits was higher for the group of 10 toddlers compared to the 10 younger crawling children. Several OP pesticides, as well as 4,4'- DDE, atrazine, and dieldrin were detected in the food samples. The child activity timeline, a novel, low-literacy instrument based on pictures, was successfully used by our participants. Future uses of these data include the development of pesticide exposure models and risk assessment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abradman@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /Q-4928-2016 OI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /0000-0002-6600-7227 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605] NR 67 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 331 EP 349 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500507 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400005 PM 16736054 ER PT J AU Benson, CH Thorstad, PA Jo, HY Rock, SA AF Benson, Craig H. Thorstad, Patricia A. Jo, Ho-Young Rock, Steven A. TI Hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liners in a landfill final cover SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC SALT-SOLUTIONS; WATER-BALANCE; CATION-EXCHANGE; ION-EXCHANGE; CONDUCTIVITY; GCLS AB Percolation from a landfill final cover containing a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) as the hydraulic barrier is described. The GCL was covered with 760 mm of vegetated silty sand and underlain with two gravel-filled lysimeters to monitor percolation from the base of the cover. Higher than anticipated percolation rates were recorded in both lysimeters within 4-15 months after installation of the GCL. The GCL was subsequently replaced with a GCL laminated with a polyethylene geofilm on one surface (a "composite" GCL. The composite GCL was installed in two ways, with the geofilm oriented upwards or downwards. Low percolation rates (2.6-4.1 mm/year) have been transmitted from the composite GCL for more than 5 years regardless of the orientation of the geofilm. Samples of the conventional GCL that were exhumed from the cover ultimately had hydraulic conductivities on the order of 5 x 10(-1) cm/s. These high hydraulic conductivities apparently were caused by exchange of Ca and Mg for Na on the bentonite combined with dehydration. The overlying and underlying soils likely were the source of the Ca and Mg involved in the exchange. Column experiments and numerical modeling indicated that plant roots and hydraulic anomalies caused by the lysimeters were not responsible for the high hydraulic conductivity of the GCL. Despite reports by others, the findings of this study indicate that a Surface layer 760 mm thick is unlikely to protect conventional GCLs from damage caused by cation exchange and dehydration. Accordingly, GCLs should be used in final covers with caution unless if cation exchange and dehydration can be prevented or another barrier layer is present (geomembrane or geofilm). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 136713, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Benson, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM benson@engr.wisc.edu; hyjo@korea.ac.kr; Rock.Steven@epamail.epa.gov NR 39 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 EI 1943-5606 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 7 BP 814 EP 827 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:7(814) PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 187ND UT WOS:000247853800006 ER PT J AU Loveless, SE Ladics, GS Smith, C Holsapple, MP Woolhiser, MR White, KL Musgrove, DL Smialowicz, RJ Williams, W AF Loveless, Scott E. Ladics, Gregory S. Smith, Charlene Holsapple, Michael P. Woolhiser, Michael R. White, Kimber L., Jr. Musgrove, D. L. Smialowicz, Ralph J. Williams, W. TI Interlaboratory study of the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells in outbred rodents following exposure to cyclophosphamide or dexamethasone SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; humoral immune function; hazard identification; sheep red blood cells; cyclophosphamide; dexamethasone ID IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL FUNCTIONAL ASSAY; HAZARD IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES; ASSESSING HUMORAL IMMUNITY; STANDARD TOXICOLOGY; RATS; VALIDATION; MICE; CYCLOSPORINE; SENSITIVITY; ELISA AB EPA guidelines provide a choice in evaluating humoral immune system function in rats and mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBC): an antibody-forming cell (AFC) assay or a sRBC-specific serum IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four different laboratories used both methods to detect suppression of the antibody response by cyclophosphamide (CP) or dexamethasone (DEX). Attempts were made to minimize interlaboratory variability through the use of common reagents and vendors; each laboratory used the same source for rodents, immunosuppressive agents, and one sheep for sRBCs, and determined optimal sRBC concentration for immunization and peak day of antibody response in female CD rats and CD1 mice. The CP dose at which statistical significance was first observed in each species was quite similar within each lab using either assay. For DEX, the AFC assay detected significant and greater suppression at lower concentrations compared to the ELISA in both rats and mice. All labs detected DEX suppression using an AFC assay, whereas only one lab detected significant suppression in both species using an ELISA. For both compounds the magnitude of suppression was greater using the AFC assay, and resulted in ID50 values which were lower in the AFC assay when compared to the ELISA. In addition, cross-species comparisons of ID50 values suggested rats were more sensitive than mice. These initial experiments with two chemicals indicated that the AFC assay is consistently better at identifying suppression of a T-dependent antibody response across laboratories following xenobiotic exposures in outbred rats and mice. Additional compounds will need to be evaluated before concluding that one method is superior or more sensitive to the other in detecting suppression of the antibody response. C1 [Holsapple, Michael P.; Woolhiser, Michael R.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [White, Kimber L., Jr.; Musgrove, D. L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Smialowicz, Ralph J.; Williams, W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Loveless, Scott E.; Ladics, Gregory S.; Smith, Charlene] DuPont Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Loveless, SE (reprint author), DuPont Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. EM scott.e.loveless@usa.dupont.com NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1090/15476910701385687 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 300KL UT WOS:000255822600007 PM 18958733 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Perera, OP Boykin, D Abel, C Gore, J Matten, SR Ramirez-Sagahon, JC Teran-Vargas, AP AF Blanco, Carlos A. Perera, Ornaththage P. Boykin, Debbie Abel, Craig Gore, Jeff Matten, Sharlene R. Ramirez-Sagahon, Juan C. Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. TI Monitoring Bacillus thuringiensis-susceptibility in insect pests that occur in large geographies: How to get the best information when two countries are involved SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol DE Heliothis virescens; bioassays; Cry1Ac; storage time; temperature ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE; DIET AB The adoption of cotton producing insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly referred to as Bt cotton, around the world has proven to be beneficial for growers and the environment. The effectiveness of this important genetically-modified crop can be jeopardized by the development of resistance to Bt cotton by pests it is meant to control, with the possibility that this phenomenon could develop in one country and spread to another by means of insect migration. To preserve the effectiveness of this agricultural biotechnology, regulatory agencies have developed plans to mitigate the development of resistance, and research institutions constantly monitor for shifts in Bt-susceptibility in important pests. If Bt-resistance is detected, this finding needs to be corroborated by an independent laboratory according to current regulatory requirements; a process that presents numerous challenges. We investigated the biological activity of Bt-incorporated diet on Helicoverpa. virescens L. after it was stored for several days at different temperatures. Diet stored up to nine days at different temperatures (-14 to 27 degrees C) produced the same biological effect on H. virescens as freshly-prepared diet. Elevating tile temperature of Bt stock solution to 76 degrees C as compared to 26 degrees C yielded significantly higher reading of apparent Cry1Ac concentration from MVP II, but not enough to elicit a significant biological response when these stock solutions were incorporated into insect artificial diet. These findings are important particularly when the confirmation of resistance is done at a distant location, such as Mexico, or when diet is shared between laboratories, and must be stored for later use, as in the case of international collaboration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Direc Gen Sanidad Veget, Sectret Agr Ganarderia Desarrollo Rural Pes & Ali, Mexico City 04100, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales, Agricolas & Pecuarias, Cuauhtemoc, TAM 89610, Mexico. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cblanco@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 95 IS 3 SI SI BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.03.009 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 187MB UT WOS:000247850700010 PM 17499760 ER PT J AU Liu, H Papa, E Walker, JD Gramatica, P AF Liu, Huanxiang Papa, Ester Walker, John D. Gramatica, Paola TI In silico screening of estrogen-like chemicals based on different nonlinear classification models SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; QSAR; environniental estrogens; classification; LS-SVM; CP-ANN ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; EDGE ADJACENCY RELATIONSHIPS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; VARIABLE SELECTION; RECEPTOR BINDING; QSAR PREDICTION; NETWORKS; DESCRIPTORS; ANTAGONISM; INHIBITORS AB Increasing concern is being shown by the scientific community, government regulators, and the public about endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are adversely affecting human and wildlife health through a variety of mechanisms. There is a great need for an effective means of rapidly assessing endocrine-disrupting activity, especially estrogen-simulating activity, because of the large number of such chemicals in the environment. In this study, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed to quickly and effectively identify possible estrogen-like chemicals based on 232 structurally-diverse chemicals (training set) by using several nonlinear classification methodologies (least-square support vector machine (LS-SVM), counter-propagation artificial neural network (CP-ANN), and k nearest neighbour (kNN)) based on molecular structural descriptors. The models were externally validated by 87 chemicals (prediction set) not included in the training set. All three methods can Give satisfactory prediction results both for training and prediction sets, and the most accurate model was obtained by the LS-SVM approach through the comparison of performance. In addition, our model was also applied to about 58,000 discrete organic chemicals; about 76% were predicted not to bind to Estrogen Receptor. The obtained results indicate that the proposed QSAR models are robust, widely applicable and could provide a feasible and practical tool for the rapid screening of potential estrogens. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Insubria, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, QSAR Res Unit Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, I-21100 Varese, Italy. US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gramatica, P (reprint author), Univ Insubria, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, QSAR Res Unit Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Via Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy. EM paola.gramatica@uninsubria.it OI PAPA, ESTER/0000-0002-0041-556X; Gramatica, Paola/0000-0002-6364-6138 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.01.003 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 198RZ UT WOS:000248646500013 PM 17293141 ER PT J AU Wither, J Cai, YC Lim, SY McKenzie, T Su, JD Claudio, J Cooper, G Hudson, T Greenwood, C Fritzler, M Fortin, P AF Wither, Joan Cai, Yongchun Lim, Sooyeol McKenzie, Tamara Su, Jiandong Claudio, Jaime Cooper, Glinda Hudson, Thomas Greenwood, Celia Fritzler, Marvin Fortin, Paul CA CaNIOS GenES Investigators TI Increased frequency of autoantibodies in the family members of lupus patients and association with a reduced proportion of NKT cells SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Winter Meeting of the Canadian-Rheumatology-Association CY FEB 21-24, 2007 CL Lake Louise, CANADA C1 Toronto Western Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Res Inst, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1621 EP 1621 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 189VW UT WOS:000248017700112 ER PT J AU Walters, S AF Walters, Steven TI Modeling scale-dependent landscape pattern, dispersal, and connectivity from the perspective of the organism SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landscape fragmentation; metapopulation persistence; life history x landscape pattern interactions; matrix structure; landscape context effects; individual-based models ID FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; GENERAL-MODEL; FRAGMENTATION; SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; CORRIDORS; ABUNDANCE AB Understanding the impacts of habitat fragmentation on dispersal is an important issue in landscape and conservation ecology. Here I examine the effects of fine- to broad-scale patterns in landscape structure on dispersal success of organisms with differing life-history traits. An individual-based model was used to simulate dispersal of amphibian-like species whose movements were driven by land cover and moisture conditions. To systematically control spatial pattern, a landscape model was created by merging simulated land cover maps with synthetic topographic surfaces. Landscapes varied in topographic roughness and spatial contagion in agriculture and urban land cover. Simulations included three different species types that varied in their maximum potential dispersal distances by 1-, 2-, or 4-fold. Two sets of simulations addressed effects of varying aspects of landscape structure on dispersal success. In the first set of simulations, which incorporated variable distances between breeding patches, dispersal success was lowest for all species types when anthropogenic cover was patchily distributed. In the second set, with interpatch distances held constant as landscape composition varied, dispersal success decreased as anthropogenic cover became spatially contagious. Both sets revealed strong main effects of species characteristics, interpatch distances and landscape composition on dispersal success; furthermore, scale-dependent patterns in land cover and moisture gradients had a stronger effect on longer- than shorter-ranging species types. Taken together, these simulations suggest that heuristic conservation strategies could potentially be developed based on important but limited life history information. C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Walters, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, 3549 15th Ave NE, POB 355740, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM swalt826@u.washington.edu NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 867 EP 881 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9065-3 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 180SR UT WOS:000247386600006 ER PT J AU Goodman, LR Campbell, JG AF Goodman, Larry R. Campbell, Jed G. TI Lethal levels of hypoxia for gulf coast estuarine animals SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM WATER; MOBILE BAY; OXYGEN; CRUSTACEANS; MARINE AB There is increasing concern about eutrophication and subsequent hypoxia problems in estuaries. The US Environmental Protection Agency has developed Water Quality Criteria (WQC) for dissolved oxygen ( DO) in saltwater for Cape Cod, MA to Cape Hatteras, NC but inadequate data exists for development of such criteria for other coastal geographic areas. We performed acute tests with two species of crustaceans and seven species of estuarine fishes native to the Gulf of Mexico to complement the data base for northeastern species. Flow-through tests were conducted for either 24- or 48-h at test temperatures from 24 to 28 degrees C and at salinities from 20 to 31.5 parts per thousand. Estimated 24- h LC50 values obtained for crustaceans ranged from 1.36 mg/l for adult pink shrimp to 1.56 mg/l for 10-day-old mysids. Similarly, estimated LC50 values for fish ranged from 1.34 mg/l in one of the three tests with pinfish to 2.22 mg/l in one of the two tests with scaled sardines. The majority of mortality attributable to low DO concentrations in our experiments usually occurred within the first 4 h of exposure. LC50 values for the species tested are below the WQC recommended protective limit of 2.3 mg/l for juvenile and adult animals. C1 NHEERL Gulf Ecol Div, ORD, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Goodman, LR (reprint author), NHEERL Gulf Ecol Div, ORD, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM goodman.larry@epa.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 152 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0685-1 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 181YG UT WOS:000247471700004 ER PT J AU Morse, JW Eldridge, PM AF Morse, John W. Eldridge, Peter M. TI A non-steady state diagenetic model for changes in sediment biogeochemistry in response to seasonally hypoxic/anoxic conditions in the "dead zone" of the Louisiana shelf SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diagenetic model; hypoxia; Louisiana shelf ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; BALTIC-SEA; HYPOXIA; CARBON; OXYGEN; IRON; IRRIGATION AB Biogeochemical processes occurring near the sediment-water interface can play an important role in the establishment and persistence of hypoxic-to-anoxic conditions in areas of moderate-to-shallow water depth. Results are given in this paper for diagenetic modeling of two sites from the area on the Louisiana shelf west of the Mississippi River Delta known as the "dead zone". This is one of the largest and most studied regions where seasonal coastal hypoxia occurs. The diagenetic model was capable of generating good matches with depth profiles at both sites in the upper 8 cm. Moderate differences between predicted and observed concentrations below this depth are most likely due to the highly non-steady state conditions in this region. The model was, also able to predict extremely low dissolved sulfide concentrations and bacterial sulfate reduction rates that were in good agreement with independent direct observations. A sensitivity analysis of the model to input parameters showed that the model was much more sensitive to changes in values under hypoxic conditions than norm-oxic or anoxic conditions in the overlying water. Simulations were carried out to first determine how the profiles of sediment porewater parameters and interfacial fluxes would change under differing quasi-steady state conditions where overlying dissolved oxygen concentrations and the rate of bioirrigation were varied. Next a non-steady state simulation was run to investigate how sediment biogeochemistry would change between these conditions during a hypothetical annual cycle. Results demonstrated a clear need to better understand the dynamic relationship among overlying water oxygen concentrations, the behavior of the benthic faunal community responsible for bioirrigation and sediment biogeochemistry. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Coastal Ecol Branch, WED CEB, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Morse, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Morse@ocean.tamu.edu NR 32 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.02.003 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 213CQ UT WOS:000249643900017 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Kepkay, P Lee, K King, T Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Kepkay, Paul Lee, Kenneth King, Thomas Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI Effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on crude oil dispersion in a wave tank under breaking waves SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE crude oil; dispersants; mineral fines; oil droplets; OMAs; breaking waves ID AGGREGATE FORMATION; SPILL DISPERSANTS; SEDIMENT; SALINITY; ASPHALTENES; ENVIRONMENT; SHORELINES; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT AB The interaction of chemical dispersants and suspended sediments with crude oil influences the fate and transport of oil spills in coastal waters. A wave tank study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on the dispersion of oil and the formation of oil-mineral-aggregates (OMAs) in natural seawater. Results of ultraviolet spectrofluorometry and gas chromatography flame ionized detection analysis indicated that dispersants and mineral fines, alone and in combination, enhanced the dispersion of oil into the water column. Measurements taken with a laser in situ scattering and transmissometer (LISST-100X) showed that the presence of mineral fines increased the total concentration of the suspended particles from 4 to 10 mu l l(-1),whereas the presence of dispersants decreased the particle size (mass mean diameter) of OMAs from 50 to 10 gm. Observation with an epifluorescence microscope indicated that the presence of dispersants, mineral fines, or both in combination significantly increased the number of particles dispersed into the water. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM liz@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 55 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 54 IS 7 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197NL UT WOS:000248562500028 PM 17433372 ER PT J AU Barzyk, JG Savina, MR Davis, AM Gallino, R Gyngard, F Amari, S Zinner, E Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Clayton, RN AF Barzyk, J. G. Savina, M. R. Davis, A. M. Gallino, R. Gyngard, F. Amari, S. Zinner, E. Pellin, M. J. Lewis, R. S. Clayton, R. N. TI Constraining the C-13 neutron source in AGB stars through isotopic analysis of trace elements in presolar SiC SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; S-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; LOW-MASS; MURCHISON METEORITE; STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EVOLUTION AB Analyses of the isotopic compositions of multiple elements (Mo, Zr, and Ba) in individual mainstream presolar SiC grains were done by resonant ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS). While most heavy element compositions were consistent with model predictions for the slow neutron capture process (s-process) in low-mass (1.5-3 M-circle dot) asymptotic giant branch stars of solar metallicity when viewed on single-elernent three-isotope plots, grains with compositions deviating from model predictions were identified on multi-element plots. These grains have compositions that cannot result from any neutron capture process but can be explained by contamination in some elements with solar system material. Previous work in which only one heavy element per grain was examined has been unable to identify contaminated grains. The multi-element analyses of this study detected contaminated grains which were subsequently eliminated from consideration. The uncontaminated grains form a data set with a greatly reduced spread on the three-isotope plots of each element measured, corresponding to a smaller range of C-13 pocket efficiencies in parent AGB stars. Furthermore, due to this reduced spread, the nature of the stellar starting material, previously interpreted as having solar isotopic composition, is uncertain. The constraint on C-13 pocket efficiencies in parent stars of these grains may help uncover the mechanism responsible for formation of C-13, the primary neutron source for s-process nucleosynthesis in low-mass stars. C1 US EPA, Nalt Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Monash Univ, Ctr Stellar & Planetary Astrophys, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Barzyk, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Nalt Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barzyk.julia@epa.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 1103 EP 1119 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224UN UT WOS:000250472200005 ER PT J AU Kinyamu, HK Archer, TK AF Kinyamu, H. Karimi Archer, Trevor K. TI Proteasome activity modulates chromatin modifications and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation to enhance glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HISTONE H3; REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; 26S PROTEASOME; HUMAN GENOME; IN-VIVO; ASSOCIATION; CELLS; PROGESTERONE AB The 26S proteasome modulates steroid hormone receptor-dependent gene transcription at least in part by regulating turnover and recycling of receptor/transcriptional DNA complexes, thereby ensuring continued hormone response. For the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), inhibition of proteasome-mediated proteolysis or RNA interference-mediated depletion of specific proteasome subunits results in an increase in gene expression. To facilitate transcription, proteasome inhibition alters at least two features associated with modification of chromatin architecture and gene transcription. First, proteasome inhibition increases trimethyl histone H3K4 levels with a corresponding accumulation of this modification on GR-regulated promoters in vivo. Secondly, global levels of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) increase, together with hormone-dependent association of the phosphorylated Pol II, with the promoter and the body of the activated gene. We propose that apart from modulating receptor turnover, the proteasome directly influences both the transcription machinery and chromatin structure, factors integral to nuclear receptor-regulated gene transcription. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis,NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD C4-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 54 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 13 BP 4891 EP 4904 DI 10.1128/MCB.02162-06 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 183JN UT WOS:000247569200024 PM 17438138 ER PT J AU Newbold, RR Padilla-Banks, E Snyder, RJ Jefferson, WN AF Newbold, Retha R. Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth Snyder, Ryan J. Jefferson, Wendy N. TI Perinatal exposure to environmental estrogens and the development of obesity SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE adipocytes; epigenetic; leptin; metabolic disease; obesogens ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; BISPHENOL-A; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; 3T3-L1 CELLS; RISK-FACTORS; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; EPIDEMIC; ADIPOCYTES; RECEPTOR; DIFFERENTIATION AB Dietary substances and xenobiotic compounds with hormone-like activity can disrupt the programming of endocrine signaling pathways that are established during perinatal differentiation. The consequences of this disruption may not be apparent until later in life but increasing evidence implicates developmental exposure to environmental hormone-mimics with a growing list of adverse health effects including reproductive problems and increased cancer risks. Obesity has recently been proposed to be yet another adverse health consequence of exposure to endocrine disrupting substances during development. There is a renewed focus on identifying contributions of environmental factors to the development of obesity since it is reaching worldwide epidemic proportions, and this disease has the potential to overwhelm healthcare systems with associated illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the literature that proposes an association of perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, in particular those with estrogenic activity, with the development of obesity later in life. We further describe an animal model of developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) to study mechanisms involved in programming for obesity. Our experimental data support the idea that adipocytes and the mechanisms involved in weight homeostasis are novel targets of abnormal programming of environmental estrogens, some of which are found in our foods as naturally occurring substances or inadvertently as contaminants. C1 NIH, DHHS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dev Endocrinol & Endocrine Disruptor Sect Lab Mol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Newbold, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dev Endocrinol & Endocrine Sect, Mail Stop E4-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM newbold1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 28 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 7 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200600259 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 192JF UT WOS:000248196700016 PM 17604389 ER PT J AU Lux, WE AF Lux, Warren E. TI The neurocognitive basis of compromised autonomy after traumatic brain injury: Clinical and ethical considerations SO NEUROTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Neuroethics of Brain Damage CY DEC, 2002 CL Washington Univ, St Louis, MO HO Washington Univ DE autonomy; axonal strain injury; executive function; self-assessment; self-awareness; traumatic brain injury ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLE-ACETIC ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CONSCIOUSNESS; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; LESIONS; CSF AB It is widely accepted, based on the principle of respect for autonomy, that there are ethical constraints on the range of tactics that persons may use to influence the decisions and behaviors of others. However, accurate ascriptions of autonomy to either persons or acts may vary considerably, depending on properties of the person, the situation, or both. Traumatic brain injury affects cognitive domains that are critical for the effective exercise of autonomy, and so offers a context for further examination of this variability. Analysis of the neuropathology of traumatic brain injury and its neurocognitive consequences provides a foundation for understanding cases in which autonomy is compromised even though legal competency may be preserved. Respecting autonomy in these cases is not always straightforward; it may entail both special ethical obligations and consideration of tactics that would not be morally permissible under other circumstances. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Progam Human Res Eth, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Clin Bioeth, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Lux, WE (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,Mail Code 8105R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lux.warren@epa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1933-7213 J9 NEUROTHERAPEUTICS JI Neurotherapeutics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.nurt.2007.04.002 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 214UD UT WOS:000249762800020 PM 17599717 ER PT J AU Zaykin, DV Zhivotovsky, LA Czika, W Shao, S Wolfinger, RD AF Zaykin, Dmitri V. Zhivotovsky, Lev A. Czika, Wendy Shao, Susan Wolfinger, Russell D. TI Combining p-values in large-scale genomics experiments SO PHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE multiple testing; p-value ranking; p-value combination; truncated product method; genetic association testing; microarray statistical testing ID GENOMEWIDE ASSOCIATION; TRUNCATED PRODUCT; TESTS; COMBINATION; SCANS AB In large-scale genomics experiments involving thousands of statistical tests, such as association scans and microarray expression experiments, a key question is: Which of the L tests represent true associations (TAs)? The traditional way to control false findings is via individual adjustments. In the presence of multiple TAs, p-value combination methods offer certain advantages. Both Fishers and Lancaster's combination methods use an inverse gamma transformation. We identify the relation of the shape parameter of that distribution to the implicit threshold value; p-values below that threshold are favored by, the inverse gamma method (GM). We explore this feature to improve power over Fisher's method when L is large and the number of TAs is moderate. However, the improvement in power provided by combination methods is at the expense of a weaker claim made upon rejection of the null hypothesis - that there are some TAs among the L tests. Thus, GM remains a global test. To allow a stronger claim about a subset of p-values that is smaller than L, we investigate two methods with an explicit truncation: the rank truncated product method (RTP) that combines the first K-ordered p-values, and the truncated product method (TPM) that combines p-values that are smaller than a specified threshold. We conclude that TPM allows claims to be made about subsets of p-values, while the claim of the RTP is, like GM, more appropriately about all L tests. GM gives somewhat higher power than TPM, RTP, Fisher, and Simes methods across a range of simulations. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Inst Gen Genet RAS, Moscow, Russia. SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Zaykin, DV (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zaykind@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101866-03] NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1539-1604 J9 PHARM STAT JI Pharm. Stat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1002/pst.304 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA 210TA UT WOS:000249477300008 PM 17879330 ER PT J AU Koch, N Andersen, CR Raidl, S Agerer, R Matyssek, R Grams, TEE AF Koch, N. Andersen, C. R. Raidl, S. Agerer, R. Matyssek, R. Grams, T. E. E. TI Temperature-respiration relationships differ in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems of Picea abies (L.) Karst. SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce); Piloderma croceum; root respiration; mycorrhizal respiration; temperature dependence; Q(10) ID SOIL RESPIRATION; PILODERMA-CROCEUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PONDEROSA PINE; BEECH FOREST; SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DECOMPOSITION; ALLOCATION AB Root respiration has been shown to increase with temperature, but less is known about how this relationship is affected by the fungal partner in mycorrhizal root systems. In order to test respiratory temperature dependence, in particular Q(10) of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems, seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum (Eriksson and Hjortstam, SR430; synonym: Piloderma fallax: [Libert] Stalpers) and planted in soil respiration cuvettes (mycocosms). Temperature dependence of hyphal respiration in sterile cultures was determined and compared with respiration of mycorrhizal roots. Respiration rates of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems as well as sterile cultures were sensitive to temperature. Q(10) of mycorrhizal root systems of 3.0 +/- 0.1 was significantly higher than that of non-mycorrhizal systems (2.5 +/- 0.2). Q(10) of P. croceum in sterile cultures (older than 2 months) was similar to that of mycorrhizal root systems, suggesting that mycorrhizae may have a large influence on the temperature sensitivity of roots in spite of their small biomass. Our results stress the importance of considering mycorrhization when modeling the temperature sensitivity of spruce roots. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol Ecophysiol Plants, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Biol, D-80638 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, GeoBio Ctr LMU, D-80638 Munich, Germany. RP Koch, N (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol Ecophysiol Plants, Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM kochnina@gmx.de NR 34 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1055/s-2006-955946 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 201NW UT WOS:000248840100011 PM 17301933 ER PT J AU Horvath, MM Wang, X Resnick, MA Bell, DA AF Horvath, Monica M. Wang, Xuting Resnick, Michael A. Bell, Douglas A. TI Divergent evolution of human p53 binding sites: Cell cycle versus apoptosis SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; GENOME BROWSER DATABASE; TARGET GENES; SEQUENCES; MOUSE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATION; ELEMENTS; REGIONS; CONSERVATION AB The p53 tumor suppressor is a sequence-specific pleiotropic transcription factor that coordinates cellular responses to DNA damage and stress, initiating cell-cycle arrest or triggering apoptosis. Although the human p53 binding site sequence (or response element [RE]) is well characterized, some genes have consensus-poor REs that are nevertheless both necessary and sufficient for transactivation by p53. Identification of new functional gene regulatory elements under these conditions is problematic, and evolutionary conservation is often employed. We evaluated the comparative genomics approach for assessing evolutionary conservation of putative binding sites by examining conservation of 83 experimentally validated human p53 REs against mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog genomes and detected pronounced conservation differences among p53 REs and p53-regulated pathways. Bona fide NRF2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 nuclear factor) and NF kappa B (nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells) binding sites, which direct oxidative stress and innate immunity responses, were used as controls, and both exhibited high interspecific conservation. Surprisingly, the average p53 RE was not significantly more conserved than background genomic sequence, and p53 REs in apoptosis genes as a group showed very little conservation. The common bioinformatics practice of filtering RE predictions by 80% rodent sequence identity would not only give a false positive rate of similar to 19%, but miss up to 57% of true p53 REs. Examination of interspecific DNA base substitutions as a function of position in the p53 consensus sequence reveals an unexpected excess of diversity in apoptosis-regulating REs versus cell-cycle controlling REs ( rodent comparisons: p < 1.0 e-12). While some p53 REs show relatively high levels of conservation, REs in many genes such as BAX, FAS, PCNA, CASP6, SIVA1, and P53AIP1 show little if any homology to rodent sequences. This difference suggests that among mammalian species, evolutionary conservation differs among p53 REs, with some having ancient ancestry and others of more recent origin. Overall our results reveal divergent evolutionary pressure among the binding targets of p53 and emphasize that comparative genomics methods must be used judiciously and tailored to the evolutionary history of the targeted functional regulatory regions. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bell, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM BELL1@niehs.nih.gov OI Wang, Xuting/0000-0001-6781-8008 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 46 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1284 EP 1295 AR e127 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030127 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 194NB UT WOS:000248350000015 PM 17677004 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, CE Mahle, DA Gearhart, JM Mattie, DR Lipscomb, JC Cook, RS Barton, HA AF Rodriguez, Chester E. Mahle, Deirdre A. Gearhart, Jeff M. Mattie, David R. Lipscomb, John C. Cook, Robert S. Barton, Hugh A. TI Predicting age-appropriate pharmacokinetics of six volatile organic compounds in the rat utilizing physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds (VOCs); physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling; rat; age-dependent pharmacokinetics ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; SEX-RELATED CHANGES; RISK ASSESSMENT; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; POTENTIAL IMPACT; WISTAR RATS; LIVER AB The capability of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to incorporate age-appropriate physiological and chemical-specific parameters was utilized to predict changes in internal dosimetry for six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) across different ages of rats. Typical 6-h animal inhalation exposures to 50 and 500 ppm perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride, or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were simulated for postnatal day 10 (PND10), 2-month-old (adult), and 2-year-old (aged) rats. With the exception of MEK, predicted venous blood concentrations of VOCs in the aged rat were equal or up to 1.5-fold higher when compared to the adult rat at both exposure levels, whereas levels were predicted to be up to 3.8-fold higher in the case of PND10 at 50 ppm. Predicted blood levels of MEK were similar in the adult and aged rat, but were more than 5-fold and 30-fold greater for PND10 rats at 500 and 50 ppm, respectively, reflecting high water solubility along with lower metabolic capability and faster ventilation rate per unit body weight (BW) of PND10 animals. Steady-state blood levels of VOCs, simulated by modeling constant exposure, were predicted to be achieved in the order PND10 > adult > aged, largely due to increasing fat volume. The dose metric, total amount metabolized per unit liver volume was generally much lower in PND10 than in adult rats. The blood:air partition coefficient, fat volume, and fat blood flow were identified as critical determinants for the predicted differences in venous blood concentrations between the adult and aged. The lower metabolic capability, largely due to a smaller liver size, and faster ventilation rate per unit BW of PND10 animals contribute the most to the differences between PND10 and adult rats. This study highlights the pharmacokinetic differences and the relevant parameters that may contribute to differential susceptibility to the toxic effects of VOCs across life stages of the rat. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. AFRL HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, B205-1,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barton.hugh@epa.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm082 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183VZ UT WOS:000247601800004 PM 17426107 ER PT J AU Bale, AS Jackson, MD Krantz, QT Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ Boyes, WK AF Bale, Arnbuja S. Jackson, Meredith D. Krantz, Quentin Todd Benignus, Vernon A. Bushnell, Philip J. Shafer, Timothy J. Boyes, William K. TI Evaluating the NMDA-glutamate receptor as a site of action for toluene, in vivo SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE NMDA receptor; toluene; visual-evoked potentials ID FLASH-EVOKED POTENTIALS; D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; LONG-EVANS RATS; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; ABUSED SOLVENT; ETHANOL INHIBITION; BODY-TEMPERATURE AB Acute exposure to toluene and other volatile organic solvents results in neurotoxicity characterized by nervous system depression, cognitive and motor impairment, and alterations in visual function. In vitro, toluene disrupts the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-glutamate receptors, indicating that effects on NMDA receptor function may contribute to toluene neurotoxicity. NMDA-glutamate receptors are widely present in the visual system and contribute to pattern-elicited visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) in rodents, a measure that is altered by toluene exposure. The present study tested the hypothesis that effects on NMDA receptors contribute to toluene-induced alterations in pattern-elicited VEPs. Prior to examining the effects of NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists on toluene-exposed animals, a dose-range study was conducted to determine the optimal dose for NMDA (agonist) and MK801 (antagonist). Dose levels of 2.5 mg/kg NMDA and 0.1 mg/kg MK801 were selected from these initial studies. In the second study, Long-Evans rats were exposed to toluene by inhalation, and VEPs were measured during toluene exposure in the presence or absence of NMDA or MK801. Pattern-elicited VEPs were collected by exposing rats to a sinusoidal pattern modulated at a temporal frequency of 4.55 Hz. Following collection of baseline VEPs, rats were injected with either saline, NMDA (2.5 mg/kg, ip), or MK801 (0.1 mg/kg, ip) and 10 min later were exposed to air or toluene (2000 ppm). VEP amplitudes were calculated for 1x (171) and 2x stimulus frequency (F2). The F2 amplitude was reduced by approximately 60, 60, and 50% in the toluene-exposed groups (TOL): SALINE/TOL (n = 11), NMDA/TOL (2.5 mg/kg; n = L3), and NMDA/TOL (10 mg/kg, n = 11), respectively. Thus, NMDA (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) did not significantly affect toluene-mediated F2 amplitude effects. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg MK801 prior to toluene exposure blocked the F2 amplitude decreases caused by toluene (n = 9). However, when 0.1 mg/kg MK801 was administered 20 min after the onset of toluene exposure, toluene-mediated F2 amplitude decreases persisted despite the challenge by MK801. These data support the hypothesis that acute actions of toluene on pattern-elicited VEPs involve NMDA receptors. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Campbell Univ, Prepharm Program, Buies Creek, NC 27506 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm080 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183VZ UT WOS:000247601800015 PM 17420219 ER PT J AU Coburn, CG Curras-Collazo, MC Kodavanti, PRS AF Coburn, Cary G. Curras-Collazo, Margarita C. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI Polybrorninated diphenyl ethers and ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls as neuroendocrine disruptors of vasopressin release: Effects during physiological activation in vitro and structure-activity relationships SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; polybrominated dipheryl ethers; neurotoxicity; supraoptic nucleus; neuroendocrine disruption; hypothalamus; intracellular signaling; organohalogen compounds; osmoregulation; structure-activity relationships ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; RAT SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS; SOCIAL RECOGNITION; THYROID-HORMONE; PBDE MIXTURE; VITAMIN-A; NEURONS; BRAIN; OXYTOCIN; EXPOSURE AB The neuropeptide, vasopressin (VP) is synthesized in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) located within the supraoptic (SON) and. paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the mammalian hypothalamus. VP has multiple functions including maintenance of body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular control, learning and memory, and nervous system development. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as additive flame retardants, have been shown to interfere with hormone metabolism and function. Previously, we demonstrated that the technical polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture, Aroclor 1254, inhibits somatodendritic VP release from the SON of osmotically stimulated rats. The objectives of the current study were to test whether PBDEs affect central VP release in a similar manner and to determine the potency of several PCB and PBDE congeners in order to identify a common mode of action for these persistent chemicals. The current work shows that the commercial PBDE mixture (DE-71) significantly decreased somatodendritic VP release from rat SON punches in a strain-independent manner. In addition, the specific congeners PBDE 47 and PCB 47 (15 and 5 mu M) were also neuroactive in this system. To explore structure/activity relationships, we compared the effects of PBDE 77 with PCB 77. PBDE 77, but not PCB 77 significantly reduced VP release. These results show that like PCBs, PBDEs perturb signaling mechanisms responsible for hormone release, and that environmentally relevant PBDE congeners are more neuroactive than the commercial mixtures with noncoplanarity of these compounds playing a role in promoting neuroactivity. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD,Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD,Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm086 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183VZ UT WOS:000247601800017 PM 17434953 ER PT J AU Wallenborn, JG Mcgee, JK Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Kodavanti, UP AF Wallenborn, J. Grace McGee, John K. Schladweiler, Mette C. Ledbetter, Allen D. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Systemic translocation of particulate matter-associated metals following a single intratracheal instillation in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; cardiovascular injury; metals; translocation; bioavailability ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; OIL FLY-ASH; TRANSITION-METALS; AIR-POLLUTION; PULMONARY TOXICITY; INSOLUBLE FORMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MEXICO-CITY; PARTICLES AB Respirable ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Direct translocation of PM-associated metals from the lungs into systemic circulation may be partly responsible. We measured elemental content of lungs, plasma, heart, and liver of healthy male WKY rats (12-15 weeks old) 4 or 24 h following a single intratracheal (IT) instillation of saline or 8.33 mg/kg of oil combustion PM (HP-12) containing a variety of transition metals with differing water and acid solubility. Tissues were digested with a combination of quaternary acid, amine, and nitric acid and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Lung levels of metals were lower at 24 h than at 4 h. Metals with high water solubility and relatively high concentration in HP-12 were increased in extrapulmonary organs. Water-soluble nonessential metals, like vanadium and nickel, were increased in plasma, hearts, and livers of exposed animals at both time points. Exposure-related small increases in essential metals, like zinc and manganese, were also noted in extrapulmonary tissues at both time points. Lead, with low water solubility but high acid solubility, was detected in liver only at 24-h postinstillation. Elements with low water or acid solubility, like silicon and aluminum, were not detected in extrapulmonary tissues despite decreased levels in the lung suggesting mucociliary clearance. We have shown that HP-12-associated metals translocate to systemic circulation and extrapulmonary organs following IT exposure. This translocation is dependent upon their relative levels and water solubility. Thus, following inhalation, PM-associated metals deposited in the lung may be released into systemic circulation at different rates depending on their water/acid solubility, thereby providing a means by which metals may elicit direct extrapulmonary effects. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. UNC Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch,ORD, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 53 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm088 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183VZ UT WOS:000247601800022 PM 17434951 ER PT J AU Gopee, NV Roberts, DW Webb, P Cozart, CR Siitonen, PH Warbritton, AR Yu, WW Colvin, VL Walker, NJ Howard, PC AF Gopee, Neera V. Roberts, Dean W. Webb, Peggy Cozart, Christy R. Siitonen, Paul H. Warbritton, Alan R. Yu, William W. Colvin, Vicki L. Walker, Nigel J. Howard, Paul C. TI Migration of intradermally injected quantum dots to sentinel organs in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; nanoscale materials; quantum dots; sentinel organs; biodistribution ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; IN-VIVO; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; NANOCRYSTALS; TIO2; SKIN; WATER; PENETRATION; PARTICLES AB Topical exposure to nanoscale materials is likely from a variety of sources including sunscreens and cosmetics. Because the in vivo disposition of nanoscale materials is not well understood, we have evaluated the distribution of quantum dots (QDs) following intradermal injection into female SKH-1 hairless mice as a model system for determining tissue localization following intradermal infiltration. The QD (CdSe core, US capped, poly[ethylene glycol] coated, 37 mn diameter, 621 nm fluorescence emission) were injected intradermally (ID) on the right dorsal flank. Within minutes following intradermal injection, the highly UV fluorescent QD could be observed moving from the injection sites apparently through the lymphatic duct system to regional lymph nodes. Residual fluorescent QD remained at the site of injection until necropsy at 24 h. Quantification of cadmium and selenium levels after 0, 4,8,12, or 24 h in multiple tissues, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), showed a time-dependent loss of cadmium from the injection site, and accumulation in the liver, regional draining lymph nodes, kidney, spleen, and hepatic lymph node. Fluorescence microscopy corroborated the ICP-MS results regarding the tissue distribution of QD. The results indicated that (1) ID injected nanoscale QD remained as a deposit in skin and penetrated the surrounding viable subcutis, (2) QD were distributed to draining lymph nodes through the sc lymphatics and to the liver and other organs, and (3) sentinel organs are effective locations for monitoring transdermal penetration of nanoscale materials into animals. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Natl Toxicol Program, Ctr Phototoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Toxicol Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Howard, PC (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, HFT-110,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM paul.howard@fda.hhs.gov RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01 ES001027-35] NR 59 TC 102 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm074 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183VZ UT WOS:000247601800024 PM 17404394 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, MJ Wolf, C Gray, LE Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kato, Kayoko Silva, Manori J. Wolf, Cynthia Gray, L. Earl Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Urinary metabolites of diisodecyl phthalate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phthalates; biomonitoring; exposure; diisodecyl phthalate; oxidative metabolism; secondary metabolites; DiDP ID DI-ISONONYL PHTHALATE; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION MODEL; HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; N-OCTYL PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; ISODECYL PHTHALATE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION AB Diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP) is an isomeric mixture of phthalates with predominantly 10-carbon branched-dialkyl chains, widely used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride. The extent of human exposure to LIMP is unknown in part because adequate biomarkers of exposure to DiDP are not available. We identified several major metabolites of DiDP in urine of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats after a single oral administration of DiDP (300 mg/kg). These metabolites can potentially be used as biomarkers of exposure to DiDp. The metabolites extracted from urine were chromatographically resolved and identified by their chromatographic behavior and full scan negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrum. The identity of metabolites with similar molecular weights was further examined in accurate mass mode. For some metabolites, unequivocal identification was done using authentic standards. Among these were the hydrolytic monoester of DiDP, monoisoclecyl phthalate (NIMP), detected as a minor metabolite, and one W oxidation product of MiDP, mono(carboxy-isononyl) phthalate (MCNP), which was the most abundant urinary metabolite. We also tentatively identified other secondary metabolites of MiDP, mono(hydroxy-isodecyl) phthalate, mono(oxo-isodecyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isoheptyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isohexyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isopentyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isobutyl) phthalate, and mono(carboxy-ethyl) phthalate. Oxidative metabolites of diisoundecyl phthalate (DiUdP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) were also detected suggesting the presence of DiUdP and DiNP in the DiDP formulation. The urinary concentrations of all these metabolites gradually decreased in the 4 days following the administration of DiDR MCiNP and other DiDl? secondary metabolites are more abundant in urine than MiDP, suggesting that these oxidative products are better biomarkers for DiDP exposure assessment than MiDP. Additional research on the toxicokinetics of these metabolites is needed to understand the extent of human exposure to DiDP from the urinary concentrations of MCiNP and other DiDP secondary metabolites. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.009 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 180IB UT WOS:000247355200012 PM 17499416 ER PT J AU Wagner, HP Pepich, BV Pohl, C Later, D Srinivasan, K Lin, R DeBorba, B Munch, DJ AF Wagner, Herbert P. Pepich, B. V. Pohl, C. Later, D. Srinivasan, K. Lin, R. DeBorba, B. Munch, D. J. TI Selective method for the analysis of perchlorate in drinking waters at nanograrn per liter levels, using two-dimensional ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 24-27, 2006 CL Pittsburg, PA DE perchlorate; two-dimensional ion chromatography; suppressed conductivity detection AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected drinking water occurrence data for perchlorate in the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR 1; 2001-2005) using EPA Method 314.0. To address the interest in increasing sensitivity and selectivity for the analysis of perchlorate, three new methods, EPA Methods 314.1, 331.0 and 332.0, were subsequently published by EPA for the analysis of perchlorate in drinking water. In 2006, an automated two-dimensional ion chromatography (2D-IC) method for measuring perchlorate with suppressed conductivity detection was developed. Two-dimensional IC is essentially an automated "heart-cutting", column concentration and matrix elimination technique. In the first dimension, a large sample volume is injected onto a first separation column and the separated matrix ions are diverted to waste while the analyte(s) of interest are selectively cut, trapped and concentrated in a concentrator column. In the second dimension, the contents from the concentrator column are eluted onto a second analytical column for separation and quantitation of the analyte(s) of interest. Incorporation of two columns with different affinities for the analyte(s) in a single analysis can provide comparable selectivity and superior sensitivity to a method using second column confirmation in a second separate analysis step. Use of this approach led to the development of a new. highly sensitive and selective 2D-IC, suppressed conductivity method with a Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) of 55 ng/L for perchlorate in drinking water samples. This new method has comparable sensitivity and selectivity and is simpler and more economical than IC-mass spectrometric (MS) or IC-MS-MS techniques. The method is now being prepared for publication as EPA Method 314.2. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lakeshore Engn Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. Dionex Chem Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wagner, HP (reprint author), Lakeshore Engn Serv Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 1155 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.025 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 184LW UT WOS:000247644100004 PM 17433346 ER PT J AU Pierce, RB Schaack, T Al-Saadi, JA Fairlie, TD Kittaka, C Lingenfelser, G Natarajan, M Olson, J Soja, A Zapotocny, T Lenzen, A Stobie, J Johnson, D Avery, MA Sachse, GW Thompson, A Cohen, R Dibb, JE Crawford, J Rault, D Martin, R Szykman, J Fishman, J AF Pierce, Robert B. Schaack, Todd Al-Saadi, Jassim A. Fairlie, T. Duncan Kittaka, Chieko Lingenfelser, Gretchen Natarajan, Murali Olson, Jennifer Soja, Amber Zapotocny, Tom Lenzen, Allen Stobie, James Johnson, Donald Avery, Melody A. Sachse, Glen W. Thompson, Anne Cohen, Ron Dibb, Jack E. Crawford, Jim Rault, Didier Martin, Randall Szykman, Jim Fishman, Jack TI Chemical data assimilation estimates of continental US ozone and nitrogen budgets during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INERT TRACE CONSTITUENT; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; THETA-SIGMA MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; JOINT DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; RATE COEFFICIENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB [1] Global ozone analyses, based on assimilation of stratospheric profile and ozone column measurements, and NOy predictions from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) are used to estimate the ozone and NOy budget over the continental United States during the July - August 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment - North America (INTEX-A). Comparison with aircraft, satellite, surface, and ozonesonde measurements collected during INTEX-A show that RAQMS captures the main features of the global and continental U. S. distribution of tropospheric ozone, carbon monoxide, and NOy with reasonable fidelity. Assimilation of stratospheric profile and column ozone measurements is shown to have a positive impact on the RAQMS upper tropospheric/lower stratosphere ozone analyses, particularly during the period when SAGE III limb scattering measurements were available. Eulerian ozone and NOy budgets during INTEX-A show that the majority of the continental U. S. export occurs in the upper troposphere/ lower stratosphere poleward of the tropopause break, a consequence of convergence of tropospheric and stratospheric air in this region. Continental U. S. photochemically produced ozone was found to be a minor component of the total ozone export, which was dominated by stratospheric ozone during INTEX-A. The unusually low photochemical ozone export is attributed to anomalously cold surface temperatures during the latter half of the INTEX-A mission, which resulted in net ozone loss during the first 2 weeks of August. Eulerian NOy budgets are shown to be very consistent with previously published estimates. The NOy export efficiency was estimated to be 24%, with NOx + PAN accounting for 54% of the total NOy export during INTEX-A. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20591 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Pierce, RB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM r.b.pierce@larc.nasa.gov; todds@ssec.wisc.edu; j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov; t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov; fn.c.kittaka@larc.nasa.gov; g.s.lingenfelser@larc.nasa.gov; m.natarajan@larc.nasa.gov; j.r.olson@larc.nasa.gov; a.j.soja@larc.nasa.gov; tomz@ssec.wisc.edu; allenl@ssec.wisc.edu; james.stobie@auatac.com; donj@ssec.wisc.edu; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; anne@met.psu.edu; cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu; jack.dibb@unh.edu; j.h.crawford@larc.nasa.gov; d.f.rault@larc.nasa.gov; randall.martin@dal.ca; j.j.szykman@larc.nasa.gov; j.fishman@larc.nasa.gov RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 NR 76 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D12 AR D12S21 DI 10.1029/2006JD007722 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185AG UT WOS:000247683100003 ER PT J AU Belanger, JMR Pare, JRJ Turpin, R Schaefer, J Chuang, CW AF Belanger, Jacqueline M. R. Pare, J. R. Jocelyn Turpin, Rodney Schaefer, Joe Chuang, C. W. TI Evaluation of microwave-assisted process technology for HAPSITE's headspace analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE microwave-assisted process (MAP); microwave energy; headspace analysis; HAPSITE; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis AB The use of microwave energy as a heating source for the field-based headspace sampling and the subsequent determination of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a field-portable HAPSITE gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer has been evaluated. A significant advantage in time reduction has been observed when using microwave energy when compared to conventional resistive-based heating. Such time savings are critical in field operations involving equipment such as the HAPSITE where non-routine sampling is commonly performed and very quick turnaround time is usually needed. Further, the technology also showed significant improvements in terms of sensitivity, thus suggesting its applicability to a broader range of compounds and detection levels than cur-rent technologies. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Environm Canada, Green Technol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US EPA, Emergencies Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. Lockheed Martin REAC, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Belanger, JMR (reprint author), Environm Canada, Green Technol Div, 335 River Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM Jacqueline.Belanger@ec.gc.ca NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 336 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.074 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185HO UT WOS:000247702200043 PM 17267110 ER PT J AU Webster, JW Brook, GA Railsback, LB Cheng, H Edwards, RL Alexander, C Reeder, PP AF Webster, James W. Brook, George A. Railsback, L. Bruce Cheng, Hai Edwards, R. Lawrence Alexander, Clark Reeder, Philip P. TI Stalagmite evidence from Belize indicating significant droughts at the time of Preclassic Abandonment, the Maya Hiatus, and the Classic Maya collapse SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classic Maya collapse; Belize; stalagmites; drought; caves; paleoclimates ID STABLE-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; EXCESS PB-210; CLIMATE; PALEOCLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY; CIVILIZATION; VARIABILITY; SPELEOTHEMS AB Paleoenvironmental data from a stalagmite from western Belize provide a 3300-year record of droughts that impacted the Maya civilization at least four times across a span of 1500 years, and the most sustained period of drought coincided with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. The stalagmite, which comes from Macal Chasm in the Vaca Plateau, provides reliably dated reflectance, color, luminescence, and C and 0 stable isotope records for the period from 1225 B.C. to the present. The record thus encompasses the Maya Preclassic, Classic, and Postclassic periods. The Maya civilization peaked in population density and socioeconomic complexity during the Classic period extending from A.D. 25 to 900, but it declined abruptly over the years from A.D. 750 and 900. The stalagmite record indicates that a series of droughts, which collectively form the most prolonged dry interval in the 3300-year record, lasted from A.D. 700 to 1135 and thus coincided with the collapse of the Maya civilization. In addition, two earlier droughts evident in the stalagmite record coincided with the Preclassic Abandonment and the Maya Hiatus, two earlier declines in Maya civilization. A drought in the mid-1400s recorded in post-Classic documents is also evident in the stalagmite record. Collectively, these findings illustrate the dependence of Mayan civilization on water supplies and the impact of declining water resources on a vibrant civilization. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geog, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Brook, GA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gabrook@uga.edu NR 45 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 250 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.022 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 185HC UT WOS:000247701000001 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Ellington, JJ Jenkins, TM Evans, JJ AF Washington, John W. Ellington, J. Jackson Jenkins, Thomas M. Evans, John J. TI Analysis of perfluorinated carboxylic acids in soils: Detection and quantitation issues at low concentrations SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE perfluorinated octanoic acid; PFOA; LC/MS/MS; soil extracts; detection limits; matrix internal standards ID CALIBRATION AB Methods were developed for the extraction from soil, identification, confirmation and quantitation by LC/MS/MS of trace levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). Whereas PFOA, PFNA and PFDA all can be quantitated using the method of standard additions, PFOA also can be quantitated less laboriously using C-13(4)-PFOA as a matrix internal standard. The impact of extract matrices on signal varied between soils and temporally during analytical runs rendering C-13(4)-PFOA unsuitable as a matrix internal standard for quantitating perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) other than PFOA, which co-elutes with C-13(4)-PFOA. In fact, for soil extracts, quantitation of PFCAs based on external calibrations proved about as accurate as use of matrix internal standards for target analytes that do not co-elute with the matrix internal standard. Also, C-13(4)-PFOA should be used carefully as a matrix internal standard for trace levels of PFOA because some C-13(4)-PFOA standards contain trace impurities of unlabelled PFOA. When the presence of PFCAs in soil extracts is being determined by LC/MS/MS, detection limits are best defined by statistical methods that quantify the significance of contrast between analytical signal and background noise using multiple analyses. Further, when developing a calibration of low concentrations using weighted regression, the central tendency of the calibration line is best fitted using graphical depictions of error. As the MDL for the transition-product quantitation ion is approached in LC/NIS/MS, relatively weak signals of transition-product confirmation ions can be used as a rejection criterion by looking for anomalously high values of the ratio of the confirmation to the quantitation ion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Washington.John@epa.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 1154 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.107 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 181EI UT WOS:000247419300014 PM 17459394 ER PT J AU Otis, R AF Otis, Rick TI Environmental performance track's successes SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Otis, R (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 180UG UT WOS:000247391000002 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI Water analysis: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; BENZOTRIAZOLE CORROSION-INHIBITORS; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; FLUORINATED ALKYL SUBSTANCES C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 215 TC 151 Z9 163 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 12 BP 4295 EP 4323 DI 10.1021/ac070719q PG 29 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 178JK UT WOS:000247216800003 PM 17508722 ER PT J AU Pajni-Underwood, S Wilson, CP Elder, C Mishina, Y Lewandoski, M AF Pajni-Underwood, Sangeeta Wilson, Catherine P. Elder, Cindy Mishina, Yuji Lewandoski, Mark TI BMP signals control limb bud interdigital programmed cell death by regulating FGF signaling SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; BMP; FGF; interdigit; limb development; programmed cell death ID APICAL ECTODERMAL RIDGE; VERTEBRATE LIMB; MOUSE LIMB; DEVELOPMENTAL BASIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; OUTGROWTH; MORPHOGENESIS; MUTANT; INDUCTION AB In vertebrate limbs that lack webbing, the embryonic interdigit region is removed by programmed cell death (PCD). Established models suggest that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) directly trigger such PCD, although no direct genetic evidence exists for this. Alternatively, BMPs might indirectly affect PCD by regulating fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which act as cell survival factors. Here, we inactivated the mouse BMP receptor gene Bmpr1a specifically in the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a source of FGF activity. Early inactivation completely prevents AER formation. However, inactivation after limb bud initiation causes an upregulation of two AER-FGFs, Fgf4 and Fgf8, and a loss of interdigital PCD leading to webbed limbs. To determine whether excess FGF signaling inhibits interdigit PCD in these Bmpr1a mutant limbs, we performed double and triple AER-specific inactivations of Bmpr1a, Fgf4 and Fgf8. Webbing persists in AER-specific inactivations of Bmpr1a and Fgf8 owing to elevated Fgf4 expression. Inactivation of Bmpr1a, Fgf8 and one copy of Fgf4 eliminates webbing. We conclude that during normal embryogenesis, BMP signaling to the AER indirectly regulates interdigit PCD by regulating AER-FGFs, which act as survival factors for the interdigit mesenchyme. C1 NCI, Lab Canc & Dev Biol, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, SAIC, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lewandoski, M (reprint author), NCI, Lab Canc & Dev Biol, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM mlewandoski@mail.ncifcrf.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 89 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 134 IS 12 BP 2359 EP 2368 DI 10.1242/dev.001677 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 185OJ UT WOS:000247720000016 PM 17537800 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Weaver, JW AF Tillman, Fred D., Jr. Weaver, James W. TI Temporal moisture content variability beneath and external to a building and the potential effects on vapor intrusion risk assessment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vapor intrusion; Johnson and Ettinger; volatile organic compounds; risk assessment; soil moisture ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOXIC SOIL VAPORS; INDOOR AIR; UNSATURATED-ZONE; NEW-JERSEY; MODEL; TRICHLOROETHENE; CONTAMINATION; SUBSURFACE; TRANSPORT AB Migration of vapors from organic chemicals residing in the subsurface into overlying buildings is known as vapor intrusion. Because of the difficulty in evaluating vapor intrusion by indoor air sampling, models are often employed to determine if a potential indoor inhalation exposure pathway exists and, if such a pathway is complete, whether long-term exposure increases the occupants' risk for cancer or other toxic effects to an unacceptable level. For site-specific vapor intrusion assessments, moisture content is, at times, determined from soil cores taken in open spaces between buildings. However, there is little published information on how moisture content measured outside a building structure compares with the moisture content directly beneath the building - where the values are most critical for vapor intrusion assessments. This research begins to address these issues by investigating the movement of soil moisture next to and beneath a building at a contaminated field site and determining the effect on vapor intrusion risk assessment. A two-dimensional, variably-saturated water flow model, HYDRUS-2D, is used with 2 years of hourly, local rainfall data to simulate subsurface moisture content in the vicinity of a hypothetical 10 x 10-m building slab at a contaminated field site. These moisture content values are used in vapor intrusion risk assessment simulations using the Johnson and Ettinger model with instantaneous and averaged moisture contents. Results show that vapor intrusion risk assessments based on moisture content determined from soil cores taken external to a building structure may moderately-to-severely underestimate the vapor intrusion risk from beneath the structure. Soil under the edges of a slab may be influenced by rainfall events and may show reduced vapor intrusion risk as a consequence. Data from a building instrumented with subslab moisture probes showed results similar to the modeling, but with a smaller difference between the subslab and outside average moisture contents. These results indicate that, depending upon the point of vapor ingress into the structure and soil type, risk-based cleanup concentrations based on outside-of-slab or default moisture content values may not be predictive of exposure to organic vapors from below a building. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Weaver, JW (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Weaver.Jim@epa.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.003 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182RM UT WOS:000247521700001 PM 17442380 ER PT J AU Arabi, M Govindaraju, RS Engel, B Hantush, M AF Arabi, Mazdak Govindaraju, Rao S. Engel, Bernie Hantush, Mohamed TI Multiobjective sensitivity analysis of sediment and nitrogen processes with a watershed model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; SWAT; OPTIMIZATION; VALUES AB [1] This paper presents a computational analysis for evaluating critical non-point-source sediment and nutrient ( specifically nitrogen) processes and management actions at the watershed scale. In the analysis, model parameters that bear key uncertainties were presumed to reflect the importance of natural processes and/or management actions that they represent. The multiobjective generalized sensitivity analysis and the tree-structured density estimation procedures were used in combination to investigate correlation structure in the parameter space while accounting for multiple objectives. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, this framework was applied to the Dreisbach watershed in Indiana in the Midwestern portion of the United States. Results showed that incorporation of parameter interactions and multiple objectives is essential to obtaining conclusive information about critical system processes and management actions. Interactions between surface runoff volume and within-channel processes were critical to describe transport of sediments in the study watershed. Key management actions for total nitrogen control were found to be nitrogen fertilizer application and upland farming practices. The sensitivity analysis reported herein could be used to derive a list of key non-point-source best management practices for development of watershed management plans. Implications of the analysis that are relevant to calibration of complex watershed models are discussed. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Arabi, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM marabi@purdue.edu OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 AR W06409 DI 10.1029/2006WR005463 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 180NQ UT WOS:000247372200002 ER PT J AU Choi, JI Oberoi, RC Edwards, JR Rosati, JA AF Choi, Jung-Il Oberoi, Roshan C. Edwards, Jack R. Rosati, Jacky A. TI An immersed boundary method for complex incompressible flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE immersed boundary method; incompressible Navier-Stokes equations; high Reynolds number flows ID CARTESIAN GRID METHOD; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; EXTERNAL FORCE-FIELD; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; SIMULATING FLOWS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; VISCOUS-FLOW; ALGORITHM; BODIES; 3D AB An immersed boundary method for time-dependent, three-dimensional, incompressible flows is presented in this paper. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using a low-diffusion flux splitting method for the inviscid fluxes and second-order central-differences for the viscous components. Higher-order accuracy achieved by using weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) or total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes. An implicit method based on artificial compressibility and dual-time stepping is used for time advancement. The immersed boundary surfaces are defined as clouds of points, which may be structured or unstructured. Immersed-boundary objects are rendered as level sets in the computational domain, and concepts from computational geometry are used to classify points as being outside, near, or inside the immersed boundary. The velocity field near an immersed surface is determined from separate interpolations of the components tangent and normal to the surface. The tangential velocity near the surface is constructed as a powerlaw function of the local wall normal distance. Appropriate choices of the power law enable the method to approximate the energizing effects of a turbulent boundary layer for higher Reynolds number flows. Five different flow problems (flow over a circular cylinder, an in-line oscillating cylinder, a NACA0012 airfoil, a sphere, and a stationary mannequin) are simulated using the present immersed boundary method, and the predictions show good agreement with previous computational and experimental results. Finally, the flow induced by realistic human walking motion is simulated as an example of a problem involving multiple moving immersed objects. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jchoi2@unity.ncsu.edu; rcoberoi@unity.ncsu.edu; jredward@unity.ncsu.edu; rosati.jacky@epa.gov RI Choi, Jung-il/H-1013-2011 NR 43 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 757 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.032 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400016 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Etnier, MA Gifford-Gonzalez, D Phillips, DL van Tuinen, M Hadly, EA Costa, DP Kennett, DJ Guilderson, TP Koch, PL AF Newsome, Seth D. Etnier, Michael A. Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane Phillips, Donald L. van Tuinen, Marcel Hadly, Elizabeth A. Costa, Daniel P. Kennett, Douglas J. Guilderson, Tom P. Koch, Paul L. TI The shifting baseline of northern fur seal ecology in the northeast Pacific Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; historic ecology; stable isotopes; zooarchaeology; ancient DNA ID CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN; ISLANDS; CARBON; EVOLUTION; PINNIPEDS AB Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period approximate to 200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at approximate to 800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Anthropol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM snewsome@ciw.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011; Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015 OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010 NR 46 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 23 BP 9709 EP 9714 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610986104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176VX UT WOS:000247114100031 PM 17526720 ER PT J AU Lash, LH Putt, DA Huang, P Hueni, SE Parker, JC AF Lash, Lawrence H. Putt, David A. Huang, Paul Hueni, Sarah E. Parker, Jean C. TI Modulation of hepatic and renal metabolism and toxicity of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene by alterations in status of cytochrome P450 and glutathione SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; perchloroethylene; rat kidney cells; rat hepatocytes; cytochrome p450; glutathione conjugation; cytotoxicity ID TISSUE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; ISOLATED KIDNEY-CELLS; DISTAL TUBULAR CELLS; RAT-KIDNEY; P450-DEPENDENT METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HUMAN LIVER; CONJUGATION; MICE; SEX AB The relative importance of metabolism of trichloroethylene (Tri) and perchloroethylene (Perc) by the cytochrome P450 (P450) and glutathione (GSH) conjugation pathways in their acute renal and hepatic toxicity was studied in isolated cells and microsomes from rat kidney and liver after various treatments to modulate P450 activity/expression or GSH status. Inhibitors of P450 stimulated GSH conjugation of Tri and, to a lesser extent, Pere, in both kidney cells and hepatocytes. Pere was a more potent, acute cytotoxic agent in isolated kidney cells than Tri but Perc-induced toxicity was less responsive than Tri-induced toxicity to modulation of P450 status. These observations are consistent with P450-dependent bioactivation being more important for Tri than for Perc. Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with Tri produced no acute cytotoxicity in isolated hepatocytes while Perc produced comparable cytotoxicity as in kidney cells. Modulation of P450 status in hepatocytes produced larger changes in Tri- and Perc-induced cytotoxicity than in kidney cells, with non-selective P450 inhibitors increasing toxicity. Induction of CYP2E1 with pyridine also markedly increased sensitivity of hepatocytes to Tri but had little effect on Perc-induced cytotoxicity. Increases in cellular GSH concentrations increased Tri- and Perc-induced cytotoxicity in kidney cells but not in hepatocytes, consistent with the role of GSH conjugation in Tri- and Perc-induced nephrotoxicity. in contrast, depletion of cellular GSH concentrations moderately decreased Tri- and Perc-induced cytotoxicity in kidney cells but increased cytotoxicity in hepatocytes, again pointing to the importance of different bioactivation pathways and modes of action in kidney and liver. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessmant, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lash, LH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 540 E Cranfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM l.h.lash@wayne.edu OI Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES006639, P30-ES06639, R01 ES008828, R01 ES008828-07, R01-ES08828] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 3 PY 2007 VL 235 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.03.001 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 175XF UT WOS:000247046600002 PM 17433522 ER PT J AU Bateson, TF Wright, JM AF Bateson, T. F. Wright, J. M. TI Regression calibration to ameliorate classical measurement error bias in disinfection by-product studies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500148 ER PT J AU Heaney, CD Wade, TJ Sams, E Calderon, R Brenner, K Beach, M Dufour, A AF Heaney, C. D. Wade, T. J. Sams, E. Calderon, R. Brenner, K. Beach, M. Dufour, A. TI Does contact with sand at beaches increase the risk of illness? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500455 ER PT J AU Breen, MS Villeneuve, DL Breen, M Ankley, GT Conolly, RB AF Breen, Michael S. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Breen, Miyuki Ankley, Gerald T. Conolly, Rory B. TI Mechanistic computational model of ovarian steroidogenesis to predict biochemical responses to endocrine active compounds SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Biomedical-Engineering-Society CY OCT 22, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Biomed Engn Soc DE steroid biosynthesis; mathematical model; sensitivity analysis; endocrine disrupting chemicals; fadrozole; fish; cellular metabolism ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; NONSTEROIDAL AROMATASE INHIBITOR; CHOLESTEROL; CGS-16949A; FADROZOLE; TRAFFICKING; SPECIFICITY; EXPRESSION; PESTICIDES; MINIREVIEW AB Sex steroids, which have an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, are synthesized primarily in the gonads and adrenal glands through a series of enzyme-mediated reactions. The activity of steroidogenic enzymes can be altered by a variety of endocrine active compounds (EAC), some of which are therapeutics and others that are environmental contaminants. A steady-state computational model of the intraovarian metabolic network was developed to predict the synthesis and secretion of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), and their responses to EAC. Model predictions were compared to data from an in vitro steroidogenesis assay with ovary explants from a small fish model, the fathead minnow. Model parameters were estimated using an iterative optimization algorithm. Model-predicted concentrations of T and E2 closely correspond to the time-course data from baseline (control) experiments, and dose-response data from experiments with the EAC, fadrozole (FAD). A sensitivity analysis of the model parameters identified specific transport and metabolic processes that most influence the concentrations of T and E2, which included uptake of cholesterol into the ovary, secretion of androstenedione (AD) from the ovary, and conversions of AD to T, and AD to estrone (E1). The sensitivity analysis also indicated the E1 pathway as the preferred pathway for E2 synthesis, as compared to the T pathway. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using the steroidogenesis model to predict T and E2 concentrations, in vitro, while reducing model complexity with a steady-state assumption. This capability could be useful for pharmaceutical development and environmental health assessments with EAC. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breen, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexandr Dr,Mail B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM breen.michael@epa.gov NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 970 EP 981 DI 10.1007/s10439-007-9309-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 171WA UT WOS:000246764900008 PM 17436109 ER PT J AU Robertson, M AF Robertson, Morgan TI Discovering price in all the wrong places: The work of commodity definition and price under neoliberal environmental policy SO ANTIPODE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; neoliberal economics; price discovery; wetland banking; water quality trading; commodification of nature ID MARKETS; MARXISM; BANKING; WATER AB Price plays a unique role in neoliberal economic theory, quantifying value and providing markets with the information needed to produce equilibrium conditions and optimal social welfare. While the role of price is clear, the mechanisms by which prices are discovered, and by which the commodities they value are defined, are left obscure in neoliberal theory. Automatic price discovery, and self-evident commodity identities, are assumed. Observation of newly created markets in ecosystem services suggests that this is a moment of significant tension within neoliberal practice, as potential market participants seek guidance from the state on appropriate commodity measures and pricing practices. Bureaucrats and economists, following the neoliberal preference for governance over government, turn the task back onto civil society. The invocation of abstract rules, instead of the formulation of practical guidance, by policymakers means that the neoliberal marketization of non-market public goods is a contingent and sometimes rudderless task for those who must make markets work on the ground. This presents many opportunities for constructive engagement on the part of geographers and other critics of neoliberal strategy. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Wetlands Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Robertson, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Wetlands Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM robertson.morgan@epa.gov NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0066-4812 EI 1467-8330 J9 ANTIPODE JI Antipode PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 500 EP 526 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2007.00537.x PG 27 WC Geography SC Geography GA 190FM UT WOS:000248043700006 ER PT J AU Rappao, K Cummings, CE Himmelsbach, RM Tobin, R AF Rappao, Kristen Cummings, Curtis E. Himmelsbach, Robert M. Tobin, Richard TI The effect of housing compliance status on children's blood lead levels SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE abatement; blood lead levels; childhood lead poisoning; lead hazard control ID CHILDHOOD; EXPOSURE; GIRLS AB In a secondary analysis of data from the Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program of Philadelphia (July 1, 1999 through September 1, 2004), the authors evaluated the effect of housing compliance status and time to achieve compliance on changes in children's blood lead levels. Blood lead level changes were not significantly different between children living in compliant housing and those living in noncompliant housing for periods of 1.5 to 2 years, 2 to 3 years, or more than 3 years (-11.01 mu g/dL, -9.72 mu g/dL, -12.5 mu g/dL, -11.57 mu g/dL, and -14.31 mu g/dL, and -14.61 mu L, respectively). In a stratified analysis of children younger than 2 years, the authors also found no association. Neither a house's lead hazard control status nor the time it took to achieve compliance affected long-term changes in children's lead levels. Current compliance programs may be helpful for primary prevention but did not impact change in blood lead for exposed children. C1 [Rappao, Kristen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cummings, Curtis E.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Himmelsbach, Robert M.; Tobin, Richard] Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Rappao, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rappazzo@email.unc.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 1933-8244 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD SUM PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.3200/AEOH.62.2.81-85 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 272XL UT WOS:000253894900005 PM 18316265 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Edney, EO AF Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Offenberg, John H. Edney, Edward O. TI Composition of PM2.5 during the summer of 2003 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; secondary organic aerosol; polar organic compounds; GC-MS ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AMBIENT PM2.5; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOOXIDATION; ISOPRENE; QUANTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB A field study was carried out during the summer of 2003 to examine the overall composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, with particular emphasis on polar compounds from secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Collected samples were examined for gravimetric mass, organic and elemental carbon concentrations, inorganic ion concentrations, and detailed organic composition. On average, the ambient PM2.5 was found to consist of 41% organic matter, 2% elemental carbon, 12% ammonium, 37% sulfate, and less than 1% nitrate and oxalate. Mass concentrations ranged from 6.4 to 31.4 mu g m(-3). The acidity of the aerosol was also estimated, and higher PM2.5 and organic mass concentrations were generally observed under acidic conditions. A suite of chemical derivatization methods was used in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify and quantify 29 polar organic compounds. Most of these compounds have been previously identified in laboratory photooxidation studies from hydrocarbon precursors, including isoprene, monoterpenes, fi-caryophyllene, and toluene. From laboratory studies, several of these polar compounds have been proposed as tracers for SOA, and concentrations measured in this study indicate the contributions of the precursor hydrocarbons to ambient SOA could be important. Some of the organic tracers, particularly those associated with isoprene SOA, represented a greater fraction of the organic carbon when the aerosol was acidic. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lewandowski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewandowski.michael@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 19 BP 4073 EP 4083 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 177PM UT WOS:000247165000011 ER PT J AU Luke, WT Arnold, JR Watson, TB Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Kronmiller, K Hartsell, BE Tamanini, T Lopez, C King, C AF Luke, Winston T. Arnold, Jeffrey R. Watson, Thomas B. Dasgupta, Purnendu K. Li, Jianzhong Kronmiller, Keith Hartsell, Benjamin E. Tamanini, Thomas Lopez, Clemente King, Clark TI The NOAA Twin Otter and its role in BRACE: A comparison of aircraft and surface trace gas measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE oxides of nitrogen; ozone; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; aircraft; meteorology ID MODEL AB A DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter, operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, was deployed in Tampa, FL to measure aerosols and primary and secondary trace gases in support of the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE). The Twin Otter repeatedly overflew the surface chemistry monitoring super site near Sydney, FL to assess the comparability of surface and airborne datasets and the spatial representativeness of the surface measurements. Prior to comparing the chemical data - sets, we evaluated the comparability of the standards used to calibrate surface and airborne detectors, as well as the uniformity of wind fields aloft and at the surface. Under easterly flow, when the dearth of significant upwind emission sources promoted chemical homogeneity at Sydney, trace gas concentrations at the surface and aloft were generally well correlated; R 2 ranged from 0.4396 for H2O2 to 0.9738 for O-3, and was typically better than 0.70 for NO, NO2, NOY, HNO3, HCHO, and SO2. Mean ratios of aircraft-to-surface concentrations during 10 overflights of Sydney were as follows: 1.002 +/- 0.265 (NO), 0.948 +/- 0.183 (NO2), 1.010 +/- 0.214 (NOY), 0.941 +/- 0.263 (HCHO), and 0.952 +/- 0.046 (O-3). Poorer agreement and larger variability in measured ratios were noted for SO2 (1.764 +/- 0.559), HNO3 (1.291 +/- 0.391), and H2O2 (1.200 +/- 0.657). Under easterly flow, surface measurements at Sydney were representative of conditions over horizontal scales as large as 50 km and agreed well with airborne values throughout the depth of the turbulently mixed boundary layer at mid-day. Westerly flow advected the Tampa urban plume over the site; under these conditions, as well its during transitional periods associated with the development of the land-sea breeze, surface conditions were representative of smaller spatial scales. Finally, we estimate possible errors in future measurement-model comparisons likely to arise from fine scale (or subgrid; < 2 km) variability of trace gas concentrations. Large subgrid variations in concentration fields were observed downwind of large emission point sources, and persisted across multiple model grid cells (distances > 4 km) in coherent plumes. Variability at the edges of the well-mixed urban plume, and at the interface of the land-sea breeze circulation, was significantly smaller. This suggests that even a failure of modeled wind fields to resolve the sea breeze return can induce moderate, but not overwhelming, errors in simulated concentration fields and dependent chemical processes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, USEPA ORD, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. Environm Protect Commiss Hillsborough Cty, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Luke, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, SSMC3,R, 3316,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM winston.luke@noaa.gov RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 4190 EP 4209 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.060 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180JB UT WOS:000247358000004 ER PT J AU Arnold, JR Hartsell, BE Luke, WT Ullah, SMR Dasgupta, PK Huey, LG Tate, P AF Arnold, J. R. Hartsell, Benjamin E. Luke, Winston T. Ullah, S. M. Rahmat Dasgupta, Purnendu K. Huey, L. Greg Tate, Paul TI Field test of four methods for gas-phase ambient nitric acid SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE instrument intercomparison; NOy denuder difference; parallel plate diffusion scrubber; chemical ionization mass spectrometry; nitrogen dioxide interference ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; SPECIAL SECTION; HNO3; ENVIRONMENTS; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; DENUDER; SYSTEM; OZONE AB Three semi-continuous methods for detecting nitric acid (HNO3) were tested against the annular denuder + filter pack (ADS) integrated collection technique at the Tampa Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) Sydney research station similar to 20 km downwind of the Tampa, Florida, urban core. The semi-continuous instruments included: two slightly differing implementations of the NOY - NOY* (total oxides of nitrogen minus that total denuded of HNO3) denuder difference technique, one from the NOAA Air Resources Lab (ARL), and one from Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc. (ARA); the.parallel plate wet diffusion scrubber + online ion chromatography technique from Texas Tech University (TTU); and the chemical ionization mass spectrometer from the Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT). Twelve hour ADS samples were collected by the University of South Florida (USF). Results for 10 min samples computed from the various higher sampling frequencies of each semi-continuous instrument showed good agreement (R-2 > 0.7) for afternoon periods of the highest production and accumulation of HNO3. Further, agreement was within 30% for these instruments even at HNO3 concentrations < 0.30 ppb. The USF ADS results were biased low, however, by 44%, on average, compared to the corporate 12 h aggregated means from the semi-continuous methods, and by > 60% for the nighttime samples; ADS results were below the corporate mean maximum HNO3 concentration by > 30% as well. The four instruments using semi-continuous methods, by contrast, were all within 10% of each other's 12 h mean mixing ratios. While only ARA employed a formal minimum detection limit at 0.050ppb, error analysis with the other techniques established that at the same level of precision, TTU's effective limit was approximately the same as ARA's and that ARL's limit was 0.030 ppb; analysis for GIT showed no apparent effective limit at the levels of HNO3 encountered in this field study. The importance of sample inlet height for HNO3 measurements was indirectly shown through comparison to previous field work at this site when sample inlet heights ranged from 1.5-10m and produced systematic discrepancies in HNO3 concentrations correlated with height of more than a factor of 2. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, NOAA,Off Res & Dev, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Hlth Sci, Tampa, FL USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, NOAA,Off Res & Dev, 1200 6th Ave,9th FL,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM arnold.jeff@epa.gov RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 4210 EP 4226 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.058 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180JB UT WOS:000247358000005 ER PT J AU Kenty, KL Poor, ND Kronmiller, KG McClenny, W King, C Atkeson, T Campbell, SW AF Kenty, Kerstin L. Poor, Noreen D. Kronmiller, Keith G. McClenny, William King, Clark Atkeson, Thomas Campbell, Scott W. TI Application of CALINE4 to roadside NO/NO2 transformations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NOx; emissions; roadway; CALINE4 ID PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE; OZONE; NO2; EMISSIONS; MODEL AB The CALINE4 roadway dispersion model has been applied to concentrations of NOx and NO2 measured near Gandy Boulevard in Tampa, FL (USA) during May 2002. A NO, emission factor of 0.86gr mi(-1) was estimated by treating NO+NO2 (NOx) as a conserved species and minimizing the differences between measured and calculated NO, concentrations. This emission factor was then used to calculate NO2 concentrations using the NO/NO2 transformation reactions built into CALINE4. A comparison of measured and calculated NO2 concentrations indicates that for ambient 03 concentrations less than 40 ppb the model under-predicts the chemical transformation of NO. The enhanced transformation of NO may be due to reactions of NO with oxidants such as peroxy radicals that are present either in the atmosphere or in vehicle exhaust. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Campbell, SW (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Chem Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM campbell@eng.usf.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 4270 EP 4280 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.066 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180JB UT WOS:000247358000009 ER PT J AU Henson-Ramsey, H Kennedy-Stoskopf, S Levine, J Shea, D Taylor, SK Stoskopf, MK AF Henson-Ramsey, H. Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. Levine, J. Shea, D. Taylor, S. K. Stoskopf, M. K. TI A comparison of two exposure systems to apply malathion to Lumbricus terrestris L SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARTHWORM EISENIA-FOETIDA; SOIL; BIOMARKERS; PESTICIDES; MODEL; RISK C1 Lewis Clark State Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Ctr Marine & Sci Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Washington, DC Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Henson-Ramsey, H (reprint author), Lewis Clark State Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 500 8th Ave, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. EM hlhensonramsey@lcsc.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9194-7 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 201SW UT WOS:000248853900002 PM 17618383 ER PT J AU Boethling, RS Sommer, E DiFiore, D AF Boethling, R. S. Sommer, Elizabeth DiFiore, David TI Designing small molecules for biodegradability SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; IONIC LIQUIDS; CATIONIC SURFACTANTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; ACID-ESTERS C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7406M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Boethling, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7406M, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boethling.bob@epa.gov NR 136 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 107 IS 6 BP 2207 EP 2227 DI 10.1021/cr050952t PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 178JM UT WOS:000247217000005 PM 17530907 ER PT J AU Cho, JH Zein, MM Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Cho, Jaiho Zein, Maher M. Suidan, Makram T. Venosa, Albert D. TI Biodegradability of alkylates as a sole carbon source in the presence of ethanol or BTEX SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; alkylates; BTEX; ethanol ID BIOMASS-RETAINING BIOREACTOR; TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; GASOLINE HYDROCARBONS; EXPERIMENTAL EXPOSURE; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; CAPACITIES; OXYGENATE; KINETICS; MTBE AB The biodegradability of alkylate compounds in serum bottles was investigated in the presence and absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX). The biomass was acclimated to three different alkylates, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in porous pot reactors. The alkylates were completely mineralized in all three sets of experiments. They degraded more slowly in the presence of BTEX than in their absence because BTEX inhibited the microbial utilization of alkylates. However, in the presence of ethanol, their slower biodegradation was not related to inhibition by the ethanol. Throughout the experiments alkylates, ethanol, and BTEX concentrations did not change in the sterile controls. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Blasland Bouck & Lee Inc, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Makram.Suidan@uc.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NJ UT WOS:000246879500009 PM 17300832 ER PT J AU Chen, PJ Kullman, SW Hinton, DE Linden, KG AF Chen, Pei-Jen Kullman, Seth W. Hinton, David E. Linden, Karl G. TI Comparisons of polychromatic and monochromatic UV-based treatments of bisphenol-A in water via toxicity assessments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs); UV photolysis; UV/H2O2 oxidation; low pressure (LP)- and medium pressure (MP)-UV lamps; yeast estrogen screen (YES); vitellogenin (VTG); Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; MEDIUM-PRESSURE; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ADVANCED OXIDATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; DEGRADATION; SENSITIVITY; PHOTOLYSIS; EXPOSURE AB Polychromatic ultraviolet irradiation, such as from medium pressure (MP) Hg lamps may enhance the UV degradation of environmental pollutants as compared to low pressure (LP) Hg UV sources emitting monochromatic irradiation. Typically, studies involving destruction of environmental pollutants such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are based on measurement of the parent compound decay using analytical chemistry, but such information is insufficient to determine an effective treatment endpoint because the identity and biological activity of many transformation products remain unknown. Bioanalytical methods to assess residual biological activity of a treated water offers one means to compare removal efficiency of EDC activity between MP- and LP-UV lamps under photolysis and UV/H2O2 oxidation. In this study, changes in estrogenic activity of bisphenol-A (BPA) as a function of UV treatment were evaluated using both an in vitro yeast estrogen screen and in vivo vitellogenin assay with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish. Decay of BPA parent compound and formation of degradation products were followed using HPLC analysis. Results demonstrated that MP-UV direct photolysis more effectively removed BPA and associated estrogenic activity compared to LP-UV lamps. UV in combination with H2O2 significantly removed estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo compared to direct photolysis; however, no significant difference in removal rates was found between the two lamps under UV/H2O2 oxidation. Furthermore, the UV/H2O2 process was effective for reducing embryo toxicity of BPA, but resulted in the production of acidic intermediates, causing acute toxicity and delayed hatching in some medaka embryos. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Integrated Toxicol Program, Durham, NC 27706 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM kglinden@duke.edu OI CHEN, PEI-JEN/0000-0001-6036-4576; Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.020 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180TT UT WOS:000247389600006 PM 17397900 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Dix, DJ Thompson, KE Murrell, RN Schmid, JE Gallagher, JE Rockett, JC AF Kim, Sung Jae Dix, David J. Thompson, Kary E. Murrell, Rachel N. Schmid, Judith E. Gallagher, Jane E. Rockett, John C. TI Effects of storage, RNA extraction, genechip type, and donor sex on gene expression profiling of human whole blood SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; AMPLIFICATION; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; TISSUES; SAMPLES AB Background: Gene expression profiling of whole blood may be useful for monitoring toxicological exposure and for diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases. Several methods are available that can be used to transport, store, and extract RNA from whole blood, but it is not clear which procedures alter results. In addition, characterization of interindividual and sex-based variation in gene expression is needed to understand sources and extent of variability. Methods: Whole blood was obtained from adult male and female volunteers (n = 42) and stored at various temperatures for various lengths of time. RNA was isolated and RNA quality analyzed. Affymetrix GeneChips (n = 23) were used to characterize gene expression profiles (GEPs) and to determine the effects on GEP of storage conditions, extraction techniques, types of GeneChip, or donor sex. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were used to assess interindividual differences. Regression analysis was used to assess the relative impact of the studied variables. Results: Storage of blood samples for >1 week at 4 degrees C diminished subsequent RNA quality. Interindividual GEP differences were seen, but larger effects were observed related to RNA extraction technique, GeneChip, and donor sex. The relative importance of the variables was as follows: storage < genechip < extraction technique < donor sex. Conclusion: Sample storage and extraction methods and interindividual differences, particularly donor sex, affect GEP of human whole blood. (C) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov NR 21 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1045 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.078436 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 172UP UT WOS:000246830300009 PM 17434907 ER PT J AU Blondell, JM AF Blondell, Jerome M. TI Decline in pesticide poisonings in the United States from 1995 to 2004 SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; insecticide; poisoning; trends AB Background. Trends in rates of unintentional pesticide illnesses and injuries by type were estimated for the United States from 1995 to 2004. Methods. Poison Control Center data were examined for the years 1995 through 2004. Rates were calculated for pesticide type and selected pesticide classes based on estimated total United States population and proportion of population served. Pesticides as a proportion of poisonings to all substances over the years and vital statistics on deaths were examined to validate trends. Results. Incidence rates of serious pesticide poisonings and injuries have declined 42% from 1995 to 2004 and death rates declined 62% over the same period. Selected, more toxic pesticides such as organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, strychnine rodenticides, and paraquat herbicides have shown greater declines, ranging 63% to 79%. Conclusions. Pesticide poisonings and injuries appear to have declined in the past decade. C1 US EPA, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. RP Blondell, JM (reprint author), 8556 Tyrolean Way, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. EM jblondell@cox.net NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1080/15563650701397035 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 185SV UT WOS:000247731600033 PM 17558634 ER PT J AU Miura, S Mishina, Y AF Miura, Shigeto Mishina, Yuji TI The DVE changes distal epiblast fate from definitive endoderm to neurectoderm by antagonizing nodal signaling SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE DVE; AVE; ablation; embryo culture; distal epiblast; neuroectoderm; definitive endoderm ID ANTERIOR VISCERAL ENDODERM; WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; MOUSE EMBRYO; PRIMITIVE ENDODERM; MAMMALIAN EMBRYO; EXTRAEMBRYONIC ECTODERM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; AXIS FORMATION; NEURAL PLATE; STEM-CELLS AB To assess the function of the distal visceral endoderm (DVE) of embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5) embryos, we established a system to directly ablate the DVE and observe the consequences after culture. When the DVE was successfully ablated, such embryos (DVE-ablated embryos) showed deregulated expression of Nodal and Wnt3 and ectopically formed the primitive streak at the proximal portion of the embryo. The DVE and anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) are implicated in the development of neurectoderm. We found that the distal epiblast of E5.5 embryo rotates anteriorly by the beginning of gastrulation. These cells remained to be anteriorly located during gastrulation and contributed to the ectoderm in the anterior side of the embryo. This indicates that the distal epiblast of E5.5 embryo becomes neurectoderm in normal development. In DVE-ablated embryos, the distal epiblast did not show any movement during culture and was abnormally fated to early definitive endoderm lineage. The data suggest that down-regulation of Nodal signaling in the distal epiblast of E5.5 embryo may be an initial step of neural development. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Miura, S (reprint author), Stowers Inst, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM shi@stowers-institute.org FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1058-8388 J9 DEV DYNAM JI Dev. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 236 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1610 DI 10.1002/dvdy.21166 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA 178MK UT WOS:000247224600022 PM 17471538 ER PT J AU Lane, CR AF Lane, Charles R. TI Assessment of isolated wetland condition in Florida using epiphytic diatoms at genus, species, and subspecies taxonomic resolution SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE diatom; assessment; taxonomic resolution; Wetland; Florida; autecology; index of biotic integrity; IBI ID ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES; PHOSPHORUS; USA AB Diatoms are useful indicators of aquatic conditions, and metrics based on published autecological indicator values have been developed utilizing their sensitivities to various ambient physical and chemical conditions. The autecological values often differ within genera, and indeed within species taxonomic levels, requiring identification to subspecies taxonomic level for accurate application. This study was conducted to determine if autecological metrics, and ultimately indices of biotic integrity, could be developed using mean autecological values at the genus, species, and subspecies taxonomic levels, and to investigate the potential benefits of increased taxonomic resolution. Sixty-nine isolated herbaceous wetlands in various land use modalities in peninsular Florida were sampled a single time for epiphytic diatoms, and soil/water physicochemical parameters. Thirty genera, 148 species, and 26 subspecies were identified. The proportional matrices at each taxonomic level were highly similar (Mantel's r > 0.75, P < 0.0001). Autecological metrics and two sensitive or tolerant measures were developed at each taxonomic level. Wetland condition, as determined by summed metric values, was strongly correlated across taxonomic level (r(2) > 0.83, P < 0.0001), and no significant difference was found when sites were placed into bins of excellent, good, fair, or poor, based on quartile scoring, for each taxonomic level. Specific conductance, soil pH, soil and water total phosphorous, and water color were significantly related to site non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination scores at each taxonomic level. This study concludes that indices of biotic integrity, when developed using autecological indices, provide similar qualitative conditional information across taxonomic levels for isolated herbaceous wetlands. C1 Univ Florida, HT Odum Ctr Wetlands, Phelps Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div,Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lane, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, HT Odum Ctr Wetlands, Phelps Lab, POB 116350, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Lane.Charles@epa.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD JUN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s10393-007-0098-0 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192VQ UT WOS:000248231900015 ER PT J AU Van de Water, PK Watrud, LS Lee, EH Burdick, C King, GA AF Van de Water, Peter K. Watrud, Lidia S. Lee, E. Henry Burdick, Connie King, George A. TI Long-distance GM pollen movement of creeping bentgrass using modeled wind trajectory analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Agrostis gigantea; Agrostis stolonifera; gene flow; HYSPLIT model; long-distance transport; modeled wind trajectories; pollen dispersal; pollen delivery ID GENE FLOW; HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; TRANSGENE; LONGEVITY; VIABILITY; MARKER; SYSTEM; RAPE AB The importance of understanding the role of atmospheric conditions in pollen dispersal has grown in recent years with increased field-testing of genetically modified ( GM) crop plants. An atmospheric model was used to characterize wind trajectories at 10 m and 100 m above GM pollen source fields located within a 4452-ha "control'' area north of Madras, Oregon, USA, designated by the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA). The area was used in 2003 for the growth of GM creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) engineered to be resistant to glyphosate herbicide. The presence of the GM gene (CP4 EPSPS) provided a distinct selectable marker for pollen-mediated gene flow to sentinel and resident Agrostis spp. plants. Linkage of GM gene presence with wind flow characteristics over the "control'' area became essential to understand the timing and processes leading to long-distance transport of this pollen. Wind trajectories showed a general pattern of northwest to southeast air movement. Trajectory travel distances calculated hourly from 06: 00 hours to 15: 00 hours during the 2003 pollination period ( 15 June-15 July) showed movement up to 15 km from the "control'' area's center by the first hour. Maximum travel distances increased to 40 and 55 km after two and three hours from release, respectively. Calculated wind trajectory positions corresponded with observed long-distance pollen-mediated gene flow in the seedlings of sentinel and resident plants. The highest correlations were found during the late morning hours. Back-calculated wind trajectories from sentinel and resident locations with GM-gene-positive progeny suggested that most successful fertilizations occurred in the direction of prevailing winds during late June 2003. The occurrence of positive progeny from sentinel plants, upwind of the "control'' area during this period, indicated the additional influence of local topography on pollen dispersal. C1 Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van de Water, PK (reprint author), Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM P.VandeWater@comcast.net NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1256 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300024 PM 17555232 ER PT J AU Goodman, JH Gilbert, ME AF Goodman, Jeffrey H. Gilbert, Mary E. TI Modest thyroid hormone insufficiency during development induces a cellular malformation in the corpus callosum: A model of cortical dysplasia SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; MATERNAL HYPOTHYROXINEMIA; DENTATE GYRUS; ADULT RATS; EXPRESSION; ALTERS; FETAL; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; HYPOTHYROIDISM AB There is a growing body of evidence that subtle decreases in maternal thyroid hormone during gestation can impact fetal brain development. The present study examined the impact of graded levels of thyroid hormone insufficiency on brain development in rodents. Maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency was induced by exposing timed-pregnant dams to propylthiouracil (PTU) at doses of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 10 ppm in the drinking water from gestational d 6 through weaning on postnatal d 30. An examination of Nissl-stained sections of the brains from developmentally hypothyroid offspring killed on postnatal d 23 revealed the presence of a heretofore unreported bilateral cellular malformation, a heterotopia, positioned within the white matter of the corpus callosum of both hemispheres. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine that this heterotopia primarily consists of neurons born between gestational d 17-19 and exhibits a dose-dependent increase in size with decreases in thyroid hormone levels. Importantly, this structural abnormality is evident at modest levels of maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency (similar to 45% reductions in T-4 with no change in T-3), persists in adult offspring despite a return to normal hormonal status, and is dramatically reduced in size with prenatal thyroid hormone replacement. Developmental exposure to methimazole, another goitrogen, also induced formation of this heterotopia. Whereas the long-term consequence of this cortical malformation on brain function remains to be determined, the presence of the heterotopia underscores the critical role thyroid hormone plays in brain development during the prenatal period and provides a new model in which to study mechanisms of cortical development and cortical dysplasia. C1 Helen Hayes Hosp, Ctr Neural Recovery & Rheabil Res, New York, NY 10993 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Goodman, JH (reprint author), Helen Hayes Hosp, Ctr Neural Recovery & Rheabil Res, New York, NY 10993 USA. EM j.goodman@juno.com NR 27 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 148 IS 6 BP 2593 EP 2597 DI 10.1210/en.2006-1276 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 169DH UT WOS:000246572400004 PM 17317780 ER PT J AU Benson, WH Gallagher, K McClintock, JT AF Benson, William H. Gallagher, Kathryn McClintock, J. Thomas TI US Environmental Protection Agency's activities to prepare for regulatory and risk assessment applications of genomics information SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE EPA; genomics; risk assessment; regulatory applications AB Genomics is expected to have significant implications for risk assessment and regulatory decision making. Since 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has undertaken a number of cross-agency activities to further prepare itself to receive, interpret, and apply genomics information for risk assessment and regulatory purposes. These activities include: (1) the issuance of an Interim Genomics Policy on the use of genomics information in risk assessments and decision making, (2) the release of the 2004 Genomics White Paper, which outlines potential applications and implications of genomics for EPA, and (3) the recent release of the external review draft of the Interim Guidance on Microarray-Based Assays, which outlines data submission, quality, analysis, management, and training considerations for such data. This manuscript discusses these activities and more recent follow-up activities with the aim of further communicating these efforts to the broader scientific and stakeholder community. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gallagher, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Mail Code 8105R,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gallagher.kathryn@epa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1002/em.20302 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 182ED UT WOS:000247487000005 PM 17567849 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Modeling the electrolytic dechlorination of trichloroethylene in a granular graphite-packed reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene (TCE); dechlorination; kinetics; electrochemical treatment; dynamic models; three-phase models; model analysis; reaction pathways ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CHLORINATED ACETYLENE REACTION; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; ALIPHATIC-COMPOUNDS; KINETIC-MODELS; CIS-DCE; DEGRADATION; WATER; TCE; HYDROCARBONS AB A comprehensive reactor model was developed for the electrolytic dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) at a granular-graphite cathode. The reactor model describes the dynamic processes of TCE dechlorination and adsorption, and the formation and dechlorination of all the major dechlorination products in an open reactor system with three phases: the solution, the graphite, and the headspace. The dynamic processes were affected by adsorption on the granular graphite, by dilution of the headspace by the outgoing stream of gas generated in the electrolytic reactor, and by kinetic reactions of dechlorination and formation of products. Major dechlorination pathways include: (1) TCE hydrogenolysis to cis- and transdichloroethene (DCE), which are then reduced to acetylene; (2) TCE hydrogenolysis to 1,1-DCE, which is reduced further to ethylene; and (3) the indirect reduction from TCE to ethane. Values for the kinetic rate constants were obtained by fitting the reactor model to the measured concentrations of TCE, cis-DCE, t-DCE, chloride, and chloromethane (a byproduct of chloride reaction) in the solution, and to the measured concentrations of acetylene and ethylene in the headspace in the experiments of TCE dechlorination at three voltages. These values suggest that the rate of adsorption was most likely enhanced by the electrolysis, that the actual amount adsorbed depended on the change of TCE concentration in the solution, and that TCE hydrogenolysis and indirect reduction of TCE (direct conversion) to ethane were the major routes for TCE dechlorination at the granular-graphite cathode. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 5 BP 581 EP 594 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.0181 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166OL UT WOS:000246388300001 ER PT J AU Griffiths, C McGartland, A Miller, M AF Griffiths, Charles McGartland, Al Miller, Maggie TI A comparison of the monetized impact of IQ decrements from mercury emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE benefits; CAMR; dose response; fish consumption; IQ; mercury; methylmercury; US EPA ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; HEALTH; OCEAN; BLOOD; AGE AB OBJECTIVE: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that the upper bound of benefits from removing mercury emissions by U.S. power plants after implementing its Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) is $210 million per year. In contrast, Trasande et al. [Environ Health Perspect 113:590-596 (2005)] estimated that American power plants impose an economic cost of $1.3 billion due to mercury emissions. It is impossible to directly compare these two estimates for a number of reasons, but we are able to compare the assumptions used and how they affect the results. DATA SOURCES AND DATA EXTRACTION: We use Trasande's linear model with a cord/maternal blood ratio of 1.7 and calculate health effects to children whose mothers had blood mercury levels >= 4.84 mu g/L. DATA SYNTHESIS: We introduce the assumptions that the U.S. EPA used in its Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) analysis and discuss the implications. Using this approach, it is possible to illustrate why the U.S. EPA assumptions produce a lower estimate. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of all the U.S. EPA assumptions, except for those related to discounting, decreases the estimated monetized impact of global anthropogenic mercury emissions in the Trasande model by 81%. These assumptions also decrease the estimated impact of U.S. sources (including power plants) by almost 97%. When discounting is included, the U.S. EPA assumptions decrease Trasande's monetized estimate of global impacts by 88% and the impact of U.S. power plants by 98%. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Griffiths, C (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, W Bldg,Room 4316F MC 1809T,1301 Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM griffiths.charles@epa.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 6 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1289/ehp.9797 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 179HK UT WOS:000247280200027 PM 17589589 ER PT J AU Kim, D Andersen, ME Chao, YCE Egehy, PP Rappaport, SM Nylander-French, LA AF Kim, David Andersen, Melvin E. Chao, Yi-Chun E. Egehy, Peter P. Rappaport, Stephen M. Nylander-French, Leena A. TI PBTK modeling demonstrates contribution of dermal and inhalation exposure components to end-exhaled breath concentrations of naphthalene SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dermal; exposure assessment; inhalation; jet fuel; naphthalene; physiologically based toxicokinetic model ID JET FUEL JP-8; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION; ABSORPTION; CHEMICALS; RATS; AIR; PARAMETERS; BENZENE; TISSUES AB BACKGROUND: Dermal and inhalation exposure to jet propulsion fuel 8 UP-8) have been measured in a few occupational exposure studies. However, a quantitative understanding of the relationship between external exposures and end-exhaled air concentrations has not been described for occupational and environmental exposure scenarios. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to construct a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model that quantitatively describes the relative contribution of dermal and inhalation exposures to the endexhaled air concentrations of naphthalene among U.S. Air Force personnel. METHODS: The PBTK model comprised five compartments representing the stratum corneum, viable epidermis, blood, fat, and other tissues. The parameters were optimized using exclusively human exposure and biological monitoring data. RESULTS: The optimized values of parameters for naphthalene were a) permeability coefficient for the stratum corneum 6.8 X 10-5 cm/hr, b) permeability coefficient for the viable epidermis 3.0 X 10-3 cm/hr, c) fat:blood partition coefficient 25.6, and 4 other tissue:blood partition coefficient 5.2. The skin permeability coefficient was comparable to the values estimated from in vitro studies. Based on simulations of workers' exposures to JP-8 during aircraft fuel-cell maintenance operations, the median relative contribution of dermal exposure to the end-exhaled breath concentration of naphthalene was 4% (10th percentile 1% and 90th percentile 11%). CONCLUSIONS: PBTK modeling allowed contributions of the end-exhaled air concentration of naphthalene to be partitioned between dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. Further study of inter- and intraindividual variations in exposure assessment is required to better characterize the toxicokinetic behavior ofJP-8 components after occupational and/or environmental exposures. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nylander-French, LA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431,Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM leena_french@unc.edu OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES005948, P42-ES05948, T32 ES007018, T32-ES07018]; PHS HHS [T42/CCT410423-09] NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 6 BP 894 EP 901 DI 10.1289/ehp.9778 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 179HK UT WOS:000247280200035 PM 17589597 ER PT J AU Coecke, S Goldberg, AM Allen, S Buzanska, L Calamandrei, G Crofton, K Hareng, L Hartung, T Knaut, H Honegger, P Jacobs, M Lein, P Li, A Mundy, W Owen, D Schneider, S Silbergeld, E Reum, T Trnovec, T Monnet-Tschudi, F Bal-Price, A AF Coecke, Sandra Goldberg, Alan M. Allen, Sandra Buzanska, Leonora Calamandrei, Gemma Crofton, Kevin Hareng, Lars Hartung, Thomas Knaut, Holger Honegger, Paul Jacobs, Miriam Lein, Pamela Li, Abby Mundy, William Owen, David Schneider, Steffen Silbergeld, Ellen Reum, Torsten Trnovec, Tomas Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne Bal-Price, Anna TI Workgroup report: Incorporating in vitro alternative methods for developmental neurotoxicity into international hazard and risk assessment strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE high-throughput screening; in vitro developmental neurotoxicity models; regulatory use; validation ID NEURAL STEM-CELLS; GREEN-FLUORESCENT-PROTEIN; RAT SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; SLICE CULTURES; DEVELOPING ZEBRAFISH; AXONAL GROWTH; PC12 CELLS AB This is the report of the first workshop on Incorporating In Vitro Alternative Methods for Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) Testing into International Hazard and Risk Assessment Strategies, held in Ispra, Italy, on 19-21 April 2005. The workshop was hosted by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and jointly organized by ECVAM, the European Chemical Industry Council, and the Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. The primary aim of the workshop was to identify and catalog potential methods that could be used to assess how data from in vitro alternative methods could help to predict and identify DNT hazards. Working groups focused on two different aspects: a) details on the science available in the field of DNT, including discussions on the models available to capture the critical DNT mechanisms and processes, and b) policy and strategy aspects to assess the integration of alternative methods in a regulatory framework. This report summarizes these discussions and details the recommendations and priorities for future work. C1 Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD USA. Syngenta CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw, Poland. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. CEFIC, European Chem Ind Council, Shell Chem Ltd, London, England. Slovask Med Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Coecke, S (reprint author), Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Europian Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Via E Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM sandra.coecke@jrc.it RI Calamandrei, Gemma/M-3815-2014; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Knaut, Holger/0000-0002-8399-8720 NR 135 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 6 BP 924 EP 931 DI 10.1289/ehp.9427 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 179HK UT WOS:000247280200039 PM 17589601 ER PT J AU Jacobs, DE Kelly, T Sobolewski, J AF Jacobs, David E. Kelly, Tom Sobolewski, John TI Linking public health, housing, and indoor environmental policy: Successes and challenges at local and federal agencies in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE built environment; healthy housing; housing; indoor air quality; indoor environmental quality; policy; public health ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; URBAN CHILDREN; PAINT; DUST; REMEDIATION; EXPOSURE; HAZARDS; IMPACT; SOIL AB We describe the successes and challenges faced by federal and local government agencies in the United States as they have attempted in recent years to connect public and environmental health, housing, community development, and building design with environmental, housing, and building laws, codes, and policies. These policies can either contribute to or adversely affect human physical and mental health, with important implications for economic viability, research, policy development, and overall social stability and progress. Policy impediments include tension between housing affordability and health investment that causes inefficient cost-shifting, privacy issues, unclear statutory authority, and resulting gaps in responsibility for housing, indoor air, and the built environment. We contrast this with other environmental frameworks such as ambient air and water quality statutes where the concept of "shared commons" and the "polluter pays" is more robust. The U.S. experiences in childhood lead poisoning prevention, indoor air, and mold provide useful policy insights. Local programs can effectively build healthy homes capacity through local laws and housing codes. The experience of coordinating remediation for mold, asthma triggers, weatherization, and other healthy housing improvements in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, is highlighted. The U.S. experience shows that policyrnakers should adopt a prevention-oriented, comprehensive multidisciplinary approach at all levels of government to prevent unhealthy buildings, houses, and communities. C1 Natl Ctr Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Jacobs, DE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Healthy Housing, 1032 Little Patuxent Parkway,Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM djacobs@nchh.org NR 68 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 37 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 6 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.1289/ehp.8990 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 179HK UT WOS:000247280200048 PM 17589610 ER PT J AU Engle, VD Kurtz, JC Smith, LM Chancy, C Bourgeois, P AF Engle, Virginia D. Kurtz, Janis C. Smith, Lisa M. Chancy, Cynthia Bourgeois, Pete TI A classification of US estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE classification; estuaries; stressor-response models ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONSERVATION AB A classification of U.S. estuaries is presented based on estuarine characteristics that have been identified as important for quantifying stressor-response relationships in coastal systems. Estuaries within a class have similar physical and hydrologic characteristics and would be expected to demonstrate similar biological responses to stressor loads from the adjacent watersheds. Nine classes of estuaries were identified by applying cluster analysis to a database for 138 U.S. estuarine drainage areas. The database included physical measures of estuarine areas, depth and volume, as well as hydrologic parameters (i.e., tide height, tidal prism volume, freshwater inflow rates, salinity, and temperature). The ability of an estuary to dilute or flush pollutants can be estimated using physical and hydrologic properties such as volume, bathymetry, freshwater inflow and tidal exchange rates which influence residence time and affect pollutant loading rates. Thus, physical and hydrologic characteristics can be used to estimate the susceptibility of estuaries to pollutant effects. This classification of estuaries can be used by natural resource managers to describe and inventory coastal systems, understand stressor impacts, predict which systems are most sensitive to stressors, and manage and protect coastal resources. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, ORD NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Geol Survey, NWRC Gulf Breeze Project Off, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Engle, VD (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, ORD NHEERL, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM engle.virginia@epa.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 397 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176OQ UT WOS:000247095200039 PM 17278006 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Sheldon, LS Croghan, CW Jones, PA Chuang, JC Wilson, NK AF Morgan, Marsha K. Sheldon, Linda S. Croghan, Carry W. Jones, Paul A. Chuang, Jane C. Wilson, Nancy K. TI An observational study of 127 preschool children at their homes and daycare centers in Ohio: Environmental pathways to cis- and trans-permethrin exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE children; homes; daycares; permethrin; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid ID SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; METABOLITES; URINE AB The potential exposures of 127 preschool children to the pyrethroid insecticides, cis- and traps-permethrin, in their everyday environments were examined. Participants were recruited randomly from 127 homes and 16 daycare centers in six Ohio (OH) counties. Monitoring was performed over a 48-h period at the children's homes and/or daycare centers. Samples collected included soil, carpet dust, indoor air, outdoor air, diet, hand wipes, surface wipes, transferable residues, and urine. The environmental samples were analyzed for the cis and trans isomers of permethrin, and the urine samples were analyzed for the pyrethroid urinary metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The isomers were detected most often in the dust (100%) and hand wipe (> 78%) samples collected at both homes and daycare centers. The median levels of cis-permethrin (470 and 1010 ng/g) were higher than the median levels of traps-permethrin (344 and 544 ng/g) in the dust samples at both the children's homes and daycare centers, respectively. In the children's hand wipe samples, the median levels of cis- and traps-permethrin were similar, ranging from 0.03 to 0.04 ng/cm(2), at both locations. The urinary metabolite 3-PBA was detected in 67% of the children's urine samples. The median urinary 3-PBA concentration for the children was 0.3 ng/mL, and the maximum value for one child was 33.8 ng/mL. The primary route of the children's exposure to the combined isomers was through dietary ingestion, followed by indirect ingestion. In addition, our calculated aggregate absorbed doses of permethrin accounted for about 60% of the excreted amounts of 3-PBA found in the children's urine. In conclusion, these children were potentially exposed to low levels of permethrin from several sources, and through several pathways and routes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov NR 34 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 104 IS 2 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.11.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 176CP UT WOS:000247060700009 PM 17258193 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Fine, DD Burnett, NG AF Wilkin, Richard T. Fine, Dennis D. Burnett, Nicole G. TI Perchlorate behavior in a municipal lake following fireworks displays SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BED BIOREACTOR; HIGH-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; SOILS; TEXAS; WATER; DEGRADATION; BACTERIUM AB Perchlorate salts of potassium and ammonium are the primary oxidants in pyrotechnic mixtures, yet insufficient information is available regarding the relationship between fireworks displays and the environmental occurrence of perchlorate. Here we document changes in perchlorate concentrations in surface water adjacent to a site of fireworks displays from 2004 to 2006. Preceding fireworks displays, perchlorate concentrations in surface water ranged from 0.005 to 0.081 mu g/L, with a mean value of 0.043 mu g/L. Within 14 h after the fireworks, perchlorate concentrations spiked to values ranging from 24 to 1028x the mean baseline value. A maximum perchlorate concentration of 44.2 mu g/L was determined following the July 4th event in 2006. After the fireworks displays, perchlorate concentrations decreased toward the background level within 20 to 80 days, with the rate of attenuation correlating to surface water temperature. Adsorption tests indicate that sediments underlying the water column have limited (< 100 nmol/g) capacity to remove perchlorate via chemical adsorption. Microcosms showed comparatively rapid intrinsic perchlorate degradation in the absence of nitrate consistent with the observed disappearance of perchlorate from the study site. This suggests that at sites with appropriate biogeochemical conditions, natural attenuation may be an important factor affecting the fate of perchlorate following fireworks displays. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, Ada, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Coll Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov NR 39 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3966 EP 3971 DI 10.1021/es0700698 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172ZM UT WOS:000246843300024 PM 17612176 ER PT J AU Offenberg, JH Lewis, CW Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO AF Offenberg, John H. Lewis, Charles W. Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. TI Contributions of toluene and alpha-pinene to SOA formed in an irradiated toluene/alpha-pinene/NOx/air mixture: Comparison of results using C-14 content and SOA organic tracer methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT PM2.5; AEROSOL; PHOTOOXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES; ACID AB An organic tracer method, recently proposed for estimating individual contributions of toluene and alpha-pinene to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, was evaluated by conducting a laboratory study where a binary hydrocarbon mixture, containing the anthropogenic aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene, and the biogenic monoterpene, alpha-pinene, was irradiated in air in the presence of NOx to form SOA. The contributions of toluene and alpha-pinene to the total SOA concentration, calculated using the organic tracer method, were compared with those obtained with a more direct C-14 content method. In the study, SOA to SOC ratios of 2.07 +/- 0.08 and 1.41 +/- 0.04 were measured for toluene and alpha-pinene SOA, respectively. The individual tracer-based SOA contributions of 156 mu g m(-3) for toluene and 198 mu g m(-3) for alpha-pinene, which together accounted for 82% of the gravimetrically determined total SOA concentration, compared well with the C-14 values of 182 and 230 mu g m(-3) measured for the respective SOA precursors. While there are uncertainties associated with the organic tracer method, largely due to the chemical complexity of SOA forming chemical mechanisms, the results of this study suggest the organic tracer method may serve as a useful tool for determining whether a precursor hydrocarbon is a major SOA contributor. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27511 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Offenberg, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27511 USA. EM offenber.john@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3972 EP 3976 DI 10.1021/es070089+ PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172ZM UT WOS:000246843300025 PM 17612177 ER PT J AU Shen, H Wilson, JT AF Shen, Hai Wilson, John T. TI Trichloroethylene removal from groundwater in flow-through columns simulating a permeable reactive barrier constructed with plant mulch SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON SULFIDE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRANSFORMATION AB Groundwater contaminated with TCE is commonly treated with a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) constructed with zero-valence iron. The cost of iron has driven a search for less costly alternatives, and composted plant mulch has been used as an alternative at several sites. A column study was conducted that simulated conditions in a PRB at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma. The reactive matrix was 50% (v/v) shredded tree mulch, 10% cotton gin trash, and 40% sand. The mean residence time of groundwater in the columns was 17 days. The estimated retardation factor for TCE was 12. TCE was supplied at concentrations near 20 mu M. Over 793 days of operation, concentrations of TCE in the column effluents varied from 0.1% to 2% of the column influents. Concentrations of cis-DCE, vinyl chloride, ethylene, ethane, and acetylene could account for l% of the TCE that was removed; however, up to 56% of C-13 added as [1,2-C-13] TCE in the column influents was recovered as C-13 in carbon dioxide. After 383 and 793 d of operation, approximately one-half of the TCE removal was associated with abiotic reactions with FeS that accumulated in the reactive matrix. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilson, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Hai.Shen@state.nm.us; Wilson.JohnT@epa.gov NR 9 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 4077 EP 4083 DI 10.1021/es.0626180 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172ZM UT WOS:000246843300041 PM 17612193 ER PT J AU Huling, SG Jones, PK Lee, TR AF Huling, Scott G. Jones, Patrick K. Lee, Tony R. TI Iron optimization for fenton-driven oxidation of MTBE-spent granular activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONS; REMOVAL; REAGENT; SOIL AB Fenton-driven chemical oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-spent granular activated carbon (GAC) was accomplished through the addition of iron (Fe) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (15.9 g/L; pH 3). The Fe concentration in GAC was incrementally varied (1020-25 660 mg/kg) by the addition of increasing concentrations of Fe solution (FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O). MTBE degradation in Fe-amended GAC increased by an order of magnitude over Fe-unamended GAC and H2O2 reaction was predominantly (99%) attributed to GAC-bound Fe within the porous structure of the GAC. Imaging and microanalysis of GAC particles indicated limited penetration of Fe into GAC. The optimal Fe concentration was 6710 mg/kg (1020 mg/kg background; 5690 mg/kg amended Fe) and resulted in the greatest MTBE removal and maximum Fe loading oxidation efficiency (MTBE oxidized (mu g)/Fe loaded to GAC(mg/Kg)). At lower Fe concentrations, the H2O2 reaction was Fe limited. At higher Fe concentrations, the H2O2 reaction was not entirely Fe limited, and reductions in GAC surface area, GAC pore volume, MTBE adsorption, and Fe loading oxidation efficiency were measured. Results are consistent with nonuniform distribution of Fe, pore blockage in H2O2 transport, unavailable Fe, and limitations in H2O2 diffusive transport, and emphasize the importance of optimal Fe loading. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov NR 22 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 4090 EP 4096 DI 10.1021/es062666k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172ZM UT WOS:000246843300043 PM 17612195 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Blake, LS Greene, KJ Johnson, RD Villeneuve, DL AF Ankley, Gerald T. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Blake, Lindsey S. Greene, Katie J. Johnson, Rodney D. Villeneuve, Daniel L. TI Ketoconazole in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas): Reproductive toxicity and biological compensation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ketoconazole; reproductive effects; endocrine function; fish; compensation ID BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITING FUNGICIDES; QUAIL COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; MESSENGER-RNA; MALE-RAT; EXPRESSION; STEROIDOGENESIS; INDUCTION; ENZYMES; ASSAY AB Ketoconazole (KTC) is a model pharmaceutical representing imidazole and triazole pesticides, which inhibit fungal growth through blocking a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated step in ergosterol biosynthesis. Several of these fungicides have been shown to be reversible inhibitors of CYPs in vertebrates (primarily mammals), including CYP isoforms involved in the pathway that converts cholesterol to active sex steroids. In these studies, we assessed the effects of KTC on aspects of steroidogenesis and reproductive function in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Exposure of spawning adults to the fungicide for 21 d significantly decreased egg production at a water concentration as low as 25 mu g/L. Despite evidence of reduced ex vivo testosterone production by gonads from KTC-exposed fathead minnows, circulating plasma concentrations of sex steroids (testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol) were not affected. Exposure to KTC caused an increase in the gonadosomatic index in both sexes and, in males, the fungicide caused a marked proliferation of interstitial (Leydig) cells. In addition, mRNA transcripts for two key steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (CYP11A) and cytochrome P450 c17 alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17), were elevated by exposure to KTC. Both the changes in transcript levels and proliferation of gonad tissue represent potential adaptive or compensatory responses to impaired steroidogenic capacity. Overall our data indicate that, although KTC does adversely affect steroidogenesis and reproduction in the fathead minnow, the fish can compensate to some degree to mitigate effects of the fungicide. This has important implications for the interpretation of data from tests with endocrine-active chemicals. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 48 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1214 EP 1223 DI 10.1897/06-428R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 169GQ UT WOS:000246581100018 PM 17571688 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Fitzsimmons, PN Burkhard, LP AF Nichols, John W. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Burkhard, Lawrence P. TI In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of quantitative hepatic biotransformation data for fish. II. Modeled effects on chemical bioaccumulation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biotransformation; bioaccumulation; in vitro-in vivo extrapolation ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; 3 WATERBORNE CHLOROETHANES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; NONSPECIFIC-BINDING; INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; DIETARY UPTAKE; BILIARY-EXCRETION AB Hypothetical in vitro biotransformation rate and affinity values for fish were extrapolated to a set of in vivo whole-body metabolism rate constants. A one-compartment model was then used to investigate potential effects of metabolism on chemical bioaccumulation as a function of octanol/water partitioning (K-OW). In a second model-based effort, in vitro data were incorporated into a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for fish. The two models predict similar effects on bioaccumulation when calculated in vivo intrinsic clearance values (CLIN VIVO.INT) are less than 50% of estimated liver blood flow (Q(LIVER)). When CLIN VIVO.INT approaches Q(LIVER), the PBTK model predicts a greater effect on bioaccumulation than the one-compartment model. This result is attributed to the structure of the PBTK model, which provides for first-pass clearance of chemicals taken up from food. Uncertainties inherent to in vitro-in vivo extrapolations of hepatic metabolism data include the effects of protein binding, inaccurate estimation of in vivo metabolism by in vitro assays, and failure to account for metabolism in other tissues. Model-based predictions of bioaccumulation within a natural setting also must account for possible metabolism at multiple trophic levels. The models described in this study can be used to perform in vitro-in vivo metabolism comparisons with fish, estimate in vitro biotransformation parameters on the basis of measured chemical residues in field-collected animals, and calculate the level of in vitro metabolic activity required to limit bioaccumulation of all compounds to a specified value. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov NR 71 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1304 EP 1319 DI 10.1897/06-259R.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 169GQ UT WOS:000246581100028 PM 17571698 ER PT J AU Murrell, MC Hagy, JD Lores, EM Greene, RM AF Murrell, Michael C. Hagy, James D., III Lores, Emile M. Greene, Richard M. TI Phytoplankton production and nutrient distributions in a subtropical estuary: Importance of freshwater flow SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RIVER ESTUARY; AUSTRALIAN ESTUARIES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; OXYGEN DEPLETION; LIMITATION; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; EUTROPHICATION AB The relationships between phytoplankton productivity, nutrient distributions, and freshwater flow were examined in a seasonal study conducted in Escambia Bay, Florida, USA, located in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Five sites oriented along the salinity gradient were sampled 24 times over the 28-mo period from 1999 to 2001. Water column profiles of temperature and salinity were measured along with surface chlorophyll and surface inorganic nutrient concentrations. Primary productivity was measured at 2 sites on 11 dates, and estimated for the remaining dates and sites using an empirical regression model relating phytoplankton net production to the product of chlorophyll, euphotic zone depth, and daily solar insolation. Freshwater How into the system varied markedly over the study period with record low flow during 2000, a flood event in March 2001, and subsequent resumption of normal flow. Flushing times ranged from 1 d during the flood to 20 d during the drought. Freshwater input strongly affected surface salinity distributions, nutrient flux, chlorophyll, and primary productivity. The flood caused high turbidity and rapid flushing, severely reducing phytoplankton production and biomass accumulation. Following the flood, phytoplankton biomass and productivity sharply increased. Analysis of nutrient distributions suggested Escambia Bay phytoplankton alternated between phosphorus limitation during normal flow and nitrogen limitation during low flow periods. This study found that Escambia Bay is a moderately productive estuary, with an average annual integrated phytoplankton production rate of 290 g C m(-2) yr(-1). C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Murrell, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM murrell.michael@epa.gov RI Greene, Richard/G-9685-2013 NR 61 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 28 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 390 EP 402 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193BT UT WOS:000248249100003 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Nriagu, J Hammad, A Savoie, K Jamil, H AF Johnson, Mary Nriagu, Jerome Hammad, Adrian Savoie, Kathryn Jamil, Hikmet TI Abstract: Asthma, environmental risk factors, and hypertension among Arab Americans in the metro Detroit area SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial National Conference on Health Issues in the Arab American Community CY MAY 11-12, 2006 CL Dearborn, MI C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med, Detroit, MI USA. ACCESS, Community Hlth & Res Ctr, Dearborn, MI USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 SU 3 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 202PA UT WOS:000248914300018 ER PT J AU Harville, EW Wilcox, AJ Lie, RT Abyholm, F Vindenes, H AF Harville, Emily W. Wilcox, Allen J. Lie, Rolv Terje Abyholm, Frank Vindenes, Hallvard TI Epidemiology of cleft palate alone and cleft palate with accompanying defects SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; cleft palate; multiple abnormalities; sex distribution ID SOUTH-AMERICAN SAMPLE; ORAL CLEFTS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; BIRTH PREVALENCE; LIP; POPULATION; ANOMALIES; GENETICS AB The epidemiology of cleft palate with multiple defects is often thought to be different from that of cleft palate alone, but there are few empirical data on this question. We explored this in a population-based data set created by combining data from two sources: the 1.8 million live births recorded from 1967 to 1998 in the Norwegian Birth Registry, and the two Norwegian surgical centers that repair cleft palate. Accompanying defects were identified from either source. Stratified analysis and logistic regression were used to assess relative risks by covariates. Of 1,431 babies with cleft palate, 31 % had another birth defect recorded by one or both sources. Prevalence of isolated cleft palate was steady over time, while cleft palate with other defects increased substantially. Girls had a higher risk of isolated cleft palate (relative risk 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.6) but not of cleft palate accompanied by other defects (1.1; 0.88-1.3). Older parents and parents who were first cousins had no increased risk of isolated cleft palate, but were twice as likely as others to have a baby with cleft palate accompanied by other defects. Risk factors differ between cases of cleft palate with and without accompanying defects. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Reg Norway, Bergen, Norway. Natl Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Oslo, Norway. RP Harville, EW (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, 1440 Canal St,SL-18, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM Harville@tulane.edu OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1007/s10654-007-9129-y PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 189DN UT WOS:000247969700006 PM 17484027 ER PT J AU Sommer, T Armor, C Baxter, R Breuer, R Brown, L Chotkowski, M Culberson, S Feyrer, F Gingras, M Herbold, B Kimmerer, W Mueller-Solger, A Nobriga, M Souza, K AF Sommer, Ted Armor, Chuck Baxter, Randall Breuer, Richard Brown, Larry Chotkowski, Mike Culberson, Steve Feyrer, Fredrick Gingras, Marty Herbold, Bruce Kimmerer, Wim Mueller-Solger, Anke Nobriga, Matt Souza, Kelly TI The collapse of pelagic fishes in the Upper San Francisco Estuary SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; JOAQUIN DELTA; RIVER DELTA; CALIFORNIA; SACRAMENTO; TOXICITY; PATTERNS; ASSEMBLAGES; MECHANISMS; PESTICIDES AB Although the pelagic fish Community of the upper San Francisco Estuary historically has shown substantial variability, a recent collapse has captured the attention of resource managers, scientists, legislators, and the general public. The ecological and management consequences of the decline are most serious for delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a threatened species whose narrow range overlaps with large water diversions that supply water to over 25 million people. The decline occurred despite recent moderate hydrology, which typically results in at least modest recruitment, and investments Of hundreds of millions of dollars in habitat restoration and environmental water allocations to support native fishes. In response to the pelagic fish collapse, an ambitious multi-agency research team has been working since 2005 to evaluate the causes of the decline, which likely include a combination of factors: stock-recruitment effects, a decline in habitat quality, increased mortality rates, and reduced food availability due to invasive species. C1 Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. US Bur Reclamat, Sacramento, CA USA. CALFED Sci Program, Sacramento, CA USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco State Univ, Tiburon, CA USA. RP Sommer, T (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. EM tsommer@water.ca.gov NR 38 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 56 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[270:TCOPFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192VT UT WOS:000248232200006 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Fritz, KM Phillips, DL AF Walters, D. M. Fritz, K. M. Phillips, D. L. TI Reach-scale geomorphology affects organic matter and consumer delta C-13 in a forested Piedmont stream SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofilm; food web; sediment; stable isotopes; stream gradient ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; RIVER FOOD-WEB; CARBON FLOW; EPIXYLIC BIOFILM; PATCH DYNAMICS; ENERGY-FLOW; N ISOTOPES; RATIOS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; PATHWAYS AB 1. We investigated the spatial (longitudinal position and reach geomorphology) and seasonal (spring and autumn) influences on the variation of delta C-13 among organic matter sources and consumers in a forested Piedmont river, South Carolina, U.S.A. 2. Six sites were sampled along a continuum and varied in basin area from approximately 30 to 300 km(2). Sites fell into two geomorphic categories (i) high-gradient, rock bed ('rock') or Gi) low-gradient, sand bed ('sand') sites. 3. Variation in delta C-13 was more strongly related to reach geomorphology than longitudinal position. delta C-13 of biofilm and consumers was consistently enriched at rock sites. Leaf litter (i.e. coarse particulate organic matter, CpOM) delta C-13 did not vary with bed type. There was significant delta C-13 enrichment at rock sites for biofilm, seston, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM), and eight of nine consumer trophic guilds (e.g. grazing invertebrates, insectivorous fishes). delta C-13 of biofilm and four trophic guilds was also positively correlated with drainage area, but the magnitude of enrichment was less than between bed types. 4. delta C-13 was generally enriched in spring, but this varied among organic matter types, consumers, and by bed type. CPOM and seston were enriched in spring, FBOM was enriched in autumn, and biofilm showed no trend. Five consumer guilds were enriched in spring, and only one fish guild, generalised carnivores, showed enrichment of muscle tissue in autumn. 5. Consumer delta C-13 enrichment at rock sites suggests greater reliance on algal carbon than for consumers at sand sites, but we also found delta C-13 enrichment of biofilm at rock sites. Thus, differences in consumer delta C-13 between bed types could be related to (i) increased consumption of biofilm at rock compared with sand sites, or (ii) consumption of biofilm at rock sites that is enriched relative to biofilm at sand sites or (iii) both mechanisms. 6. delta C-13 signatures in local food webs appear to respond to processes operating at multiple spatial scales. Overall downstream enrichment of biofilm and consumers was disrupted by strong local effects related to bed morphology. These results suggest that human alteration of channel habitat will have corresponding effects on stream food webs, as assessed by changesin delta C-13. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W MLK Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011; Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1119 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01735.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 173WZ UT WOS:000246904500012 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL AF Yuan, Lester L. TI Using biological assemblage composition to infer the values of covarying environmental factors SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological inferences; maximum likelihood; sediment; temperature; weighted averaging ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PH; REGRESSION; DIATOMS; RECONSTRUCTION; CALIBRATION; MODEL AB 1. Observations of different organisms can often be used to infer environmental conditions at a site. These inferences may be useful for diagnosing the causes of degradation in streams and rivers. 2. When used for diagnosis, biological inferences must not only provide accurate, unbiased predictions of environmental conditions, but also pairs of inferred environmental variables must covary no more strongly than actual measurements of those same environmental variables. 3. Mathematical analysis of the relationship between the measured and inferred values of different environmental variables provides an approach for comparing the covariance between measurements with the covariance between inferences. Then, simulated and field-collected data are used to assess the performance of weighted average and maximum likelihood inference methods. 4. Weighted average inferences became less accurate as covariance in the calibration data increased, whereas maximum likelihood inferences were unaffected by covariance in the calibration data. In contrast, the accuracy of weighted average inferences was unaffected by changes in measurement error, whilst the accuracy of maximum likelihood inferences decreased as measurement error increased. Weighted average inferences artificially increased the covariance of environmental variables beyond what was expected from measurements, whereas maximum likelihood inference methods more accurately reproduced the expected covariances. 5. Multivariate maximum likelihood inference methods can potentially provide more useful diagnostic information than single variable inference models. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1175 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01744.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 173WZ UT WOS:000246904500016 ER PT J AU Lovett, GM Burns, DA Driscoll, CT Jenkins, JC Mitchell, MJ Rustad, L Shanley, JB Likens, GE Haeuber, R AF Lovett, Gary M. Burns, Douglas A. Driscoll, Charles T. Jenkins, Jennifer C. Mitchell, Myron J. Rustad, Lindsey Shanley, James B. Likens, Gene E. Haeuber, Richard TI Who needs environmental monitoring? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTHEASTERN USA; NEW-ENGLAND; PHASE-I; TRENDS; DEPOSITION; STREAMFLOW; EMISSIONS AB Environmental monitoring is often criticized as being unscientific, too expensive, and wasteful. While some monitoring studies do suffer from these problems, there are also many highly successful long-term monitoring programs that have provided important scientific advances and crucial information for environmental policy. Here, we discuss the characteristics of effective monitoring programs, and contend that monitoring should be considered a fundamental component of environmental science and policy. We urge scientists who develop monitoring programs to plan in advance to ensure high data quality, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, and we urge government agencies and other funding institutions to make greater commitments to increasing the amount and long-term stability of funding for environmental monitoring programs. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Cumberland, MD USA. US Geol Survey, Montpellier, France. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lovett, GM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. EM lovettg@ecostudies.org RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 41 TC 188 Z9 199 U1 15 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[253:WNEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174AZ UT WOS:000246914900020 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Green approach to bulk and template-free synthesis of thermally stable reduced polyaniline nanofibers for capacitor applications SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Chemistry for Fuel Synthesis and Processing held at the 232nd ACS National Meeting CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID HIGH DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; POLYMER; COMPOSITES; NANOWIRES; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; GHZ AB An extremely simple green approach is described that generates bulk quantities of nanofibers of the electronic polymer polyaniline in fully reduced state (leucoemeraldine form) in one step without using any reducing agent, surfactants, and/or large amounts of insoluble templates. Chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with acetic acid instead of HCl (conventional synthesis) dramatically changes the morphology of the resulting doped polyaniline powder from nonfibrillar (particulate) to almost exclusively nanofibers of the reduced leucoemeraldine state in the diameter range 20 nm to 50 nm depending on the acetic acid concentration. These reduced leucoemeraldine polyaniline nanofibers undergo a spontaneous redox reaction with noble metal ions under mild aqueous conditions, resulting in deposition of various shapes, such as leaf, particulate, nanowires and cauliflower for Ag, Pd, An, and Pt, respectively, on the surface of polyaniline nanofibers, affording a facile entry into this technologically important class of metalpolymer nanocomposites. These nanofibers also can act as seed templates to synthesize polyaniline nanofibers by conventional HCl doped synthesis where particulate morphology normally dominates. The ensuing polyaniline nanofibers have a broad final decomposition temperature which is at least 120 degrees C higher and have a very high dielectric constant approximate to 3500 at higher frequency when compared to reported reduced polyaniline and HCl based polyaniline. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1039/b614633c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186MK UT WOS:000247782600020 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, Charles TI Toward a national ground water monitoring framework SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 44 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00163.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 205ES UT WOS:000249097400002 ER PT J AU Mudarri, D Fisk, WJ AF Mudarri, D. Fisk, W. J. TI Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE public; health; economic; impact; dampness; mold ID BUILDING-RELATED SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENT SCHOOL-CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; OFFICE WORKERS; RISK-FACTORS; FLOOR DUST; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; ASTHMA PREVALENCE; SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE AB The public health risk and economic impact of dampness and mold exposures was assessed using current asthma as a health endpoint. Individual risk of current asthma from exposure to dampness and mold in homes from W.J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez & M.J. Mendell [(2007) Indoor Air 17, 226-235], and asthma risks calculated from additional studies that reported the prevalence of dampness and mold in homes were used to estimate the proportion of US current asthma cases that are attributable to dampness and mold exposure at 21% (95% confidence internal 12-29%). An examination of the literature covering dampness and mold in schools, offices, and institutional buildings, which is summarized in the Appendix, suggests that risks from exposure in these buildings are similar to risks from exposures in homes. Of the 21.8 million people reported to have asthma in the USA, approximately 4.6 (2.7-6.3) million cases are estimated to be attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home. Estimates of the national cost of asthma from two prior studies were updated to 2004 and used to estimate the economic impact of dampness and mold exposures. By applying the attributable fraction to the updated national annual cost of asthma, the national annual cost of asthma that is attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home is estimated to be $3.5 billion ($2.1-4.8 billion). Analysis indicates that exposure to dampness and mold in buildings poses significant public health and economic risks in the USA. These findings are compatible with public policies and programs that help control moisture and mold in buildings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wjfisk@lbl.gov NR 46 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00474.x PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 183VM UT WOS:000247600500006 PM 17542835 ER PT J AU Morley, K Janke, R Murray, R Fox, K AF Morley, Kevin Janke, Robert Murray, Regan Fox, Kim TI Drinking water contamination - Warning systems: Water utilities driving water security research SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AWWA, Govt Affairs Off, Water Util Users Grp, TEVA Program, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, NHSCR, TEVA Res Program, Water Infrastruct & Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Morley, K (reprint author), AWWA, Govt Affairs Off, Water Util Users Grp, TEVA Program, Washington, DC USA. EM kmorley@awwa.org; Janke.robert@epa.gov; murray.regan@epa.gov; fox.kim@epa.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 40 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 180BS UT WOS:000247335500007 ER PT J AU Smithson, AG Hamza, K Saitou, K AF Smithson, Arlene G. Hamza, Karim Saitou, Kazuhiro TI Design for existing lines: Part and process plan optimization to best utilize existing production lines SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURABILITY ANALYSIS; GROUP-TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEM AB This paper presents a method for modifying the design of the new part for the maximum utilization of existing production lines dedicated to other products. The method takes as inputs a nominal part design and the process information of the (potentially multiple) existing line(s), and produces a modified part design and a process sequence of the new part that maximizes the utilization of available manufacturing processes in the existing lines or equivalently minimizes the addition of new processes dedicated to the new product. The problem is formulated as mixed discrete-continuous multiobjective optimization. A multiobjective genetic algorithm is used to generate Pareto optimal designs for the optimization analysis. A case study on the production of a new machine bracket considering two available production lines is presented. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, NVFE Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Smithson, AG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM smithson.arlene@epa.gov; khamza@umich.edu; kazu@umich.edu RI Saitou, Kazuhiro/A-1008-2008 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1115/1.2720886 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 183FC UT WOS:000247557100002 ER PT J AU Hong, S Zhang, HC Duttweiler, CM Lemley, AT AF Hong, Song Zhang, Huichun Duttweiler, Christian M. Lemley, Ann T. TI Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE MTBE; breakdown products; anodic Fenton treatment (AFT); hydroxyl radical; reaction mechanism; redox reaction with ferrous and ferric ions ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION; SONOLYTIC DESTRUCTION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; UV/H2O2 PROCESS; RATE CONSTANTS; REAGENT; KINETICS AB Degradation of MTBE, a common fuel oxygenate, was investigated using anodic Fenton treatment (AFT) and by comparison with classic Fenton treatment (CFT). The AFT system provided an ideal pH environment (2.5-3.5) for the Fenton reaction and utilized gradual delivery of ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide, which was more efficient than batch CFT to degrade MTBE and its breakdown products. The optimized ratio of ferrous iron to hydrogen peroxide for AFT was determined to be 1:5 (in mmol). Depending on the initial concentration, MTBE was completely degraded by the optimized AFT in 4-8 min. The breakdown products found during the treatment of MTBE were acetone, t-butyl formate, t-butanol, methyl acetate, acetic acid, and formic acid, which were all completely degraded by the optimized AFT in 32 min. Based on the experimental results and other work reported in the literature, degradation mechanisms of MTBE and its breakdown products in AFT and CFT were proposed. Generally, reactions are initiated by H-abstraction by (OH)-O-center dot, generating carbon-centered radicals which undergo various reactions including alpha/beta-scission within the radical, combination with oxygen, oxidation by ferric ion, and reduction by ferrous ion before generating the final oxidation products. Radical combination with oxygen (and the reactions thereafter) and radical oxidation by ferric ion are believed to be the most important pathways in the overall fate of the generated radicals, while radical reduction by ferrous ion is the least important. By elucidating the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of MTBE degradation in the anodic Fenton system, this study offers a potential remediation technique for treating MTBE-contaminated wastewater. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Grad Field Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. LSU, Hlth Sci Ctr, Metabolom & Proteom Lab, New Orleans, LA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lemley, AT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Grad Field Environm Toxicol, TXA,MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM atl2@cornell.edu NR 61 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmut.2006.12.030 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178BV UT WOS:000247197100003 PM 17254704 ER PT J AU Cain, A Disch, S Twaroski, C Reindl, J Case, CR AF Cain, Alexis Disch, Sarah Twaroski, Cliff Reindl, John Case, C. Randy TI Substance flow analysis of mercury intentionally used in products in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dental amalgam; heavy metals; industrial ecology; integrated product policy (IPP); materials flow analysis (MFA); toxic releases AB Mercury-containing products release mercury (Hg) throughout their lifecycles, frequently in ways that are difficult to measure directly, Therefore, there are considerable uncertainties about the magnitude of mercury releases associated with products, about which products and which release pathways contribute the most to mercury releases, and about the likely impact on mercury releases of various possible interventions in the mercury content of products or in the management of mercury-containing wastes. This article presents an effort to use substance flow analysis to develop improved estimates of the environmental releases caused by mercury-containing products and to provide policy-makers with a better understanding of opportunities for reducing releases of mercury caused by products. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Cain, A (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Region 5,77 W Jackson Blvd AT 18J, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM cain.alexis@epa.gov NR 21 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1162/jiec.2007.1214 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 196XQ UT WOS:000248516900008 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Rowe, M Ren, M Hong, JS Chen, PS Chuang, DM AF Kim, Hyeon Ju Rowe, Michael Ren, Ming Hong, Jau-Shyong Chen, Po-See Chuang, De-Maw TI Histone deacetylase inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a rat permanent ischemic model of stroke: Multiple mechanisms of action SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTECTS DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; REDUCES BRAIN-DAMAGE; VALPROIC ACID; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; MICE; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; EXPRESSION; INFARCTION AB The pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia involves multiple mechanisms including neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages/monocytes. The present study employed a rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model to study effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on ischemia-induced brain infarction, neuroinflammation, gene expression, and neurological deficits. We found that post-pMCAO injections with HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid (VPA), sodium butyrate (SB), or trichostatin A (TSA), decreased brain infarct volume. Postinsult treatment with VPA or SB also suppressed microglial activation, reduced the number of microglia, and inhibited other inflammatory markers in the ischemic brain. The reduction in levels of acetylated histone H3 in the ischemic brain was prevented by treatment with VPA, SB, or TSA. Moreover, injections with HDAC inhibitors superinduced heat-shock protein 70 and blocked pMCAO-induced down-regulation of phospho-Akt, as well as ischemia-elicited up-regulation of p53, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. The motor, sensory, and reflex performance of pMCAO rats was improved by VPA, SB, or TSA treatment. The beneficial effects of SB and VPA in reducing brain infarct volume and neurological deficits occurred when either drug was administrated at least 3 h after ischemic onset, and the behavioral improvement was long-lasting. Together, our results demonstrate robust neuroprotective effects of HDAC inhibitors against cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury. The neuroprotection probably involves multiple mechanisms including suppression of ischemia-induced cerebral inflammation. Given that there is no effective treatment for stroke, HDAC inhibitors, such as VPA, SB, and TSA, should be evaluated for their potential use for clinical trials in stroke patients. C1 NIMH, Mol Neurobiol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Neuropharmacol Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Chuang, DM (reprint author), NIMH, Mol Neurobiol Sect, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 4C-206,10 Ctr Dr,MSC-1363, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM chuang@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 39 TC 279 Z9 300 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 321 IS 3 BP 892 EP 901 DI 10.1124/jpet.107.120188 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 167LJ UT WOS:000246452900009 PM 17371805 ER PT J AU Bachmann, J AF Bachmann, John TI Will the circle be unbroken: A history of the US national ambient air quality standards SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; SCIENCE; MORTALITY; ACT; VISIBILITY; EFFICIENCY; CONNECT; TRENDS; POLICY AB In celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Air & Waste Management Association, this review examines the history of air quality management (AQM) in the United States over the last century, with an emphasis on the ambient standards programs established by the landmark 1970 Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments. The current CAA system is a hybrid of several distinct air pollution control philosophies, including the recursive or circular system driven by ambient standards. Although this evolving system has resulted in tremendous improvements in air quality, it has been far from perfect in terms of timeliness and effectiveness. The paper looks at several periods in the history of the U.S. program, including: (1) 1900-1970, spanning the early smoke abatement and smog control programs, the first federal involvement, and the development of a hybrid AQM approach in the 1970 CAA; (2) 1971-1976, when the first National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were set and implemented; (3) 1977-1993, a period of the first revisions to the standards, new CAA Amendments, delays in implementation and decision-making, and key science/policy/legislative developments that would alter both the focus and scale of air pollution programs and how they are implemented; and (4) 1993-2006, the second and third wave of NAAQS revisions and their implementation in the context of the 1990 CAA. This discussion examines where NAAQS have helped drive implementation programs and how improvements in both effects and air quality/control sciences influenced policy and legislation to enhance the effectiveness of the system over time. The review concludes with a look toward the future of AQM, emphasizing challenges and ways to meet them. The most significant of these is the need to make more efficient progress toward air quality goals, while adjusting the system to address the growing intersections between air quality management and climate change. C1 Vis Air Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bachmann, J (reprint author), Vis Air Consulting, 120 Glen Ridge Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM johnbachmann@bellsouth.net NR 239 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 36 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 652 EP 697 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.6.652 PG 46 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175ZP UT WOS:000247052800002 PM 17608004 ER PT J AU Fujita, EM Zielinska, B Campbell, DE Arnott, WP Sagebiel, JC Mazzoleni, L Chow, JC Gabele, PA Crews, W Snow, R Clark, NN Wayne, WS Lawson, DR AF Fujita, Eric M. Zielinska, Barbara Campbell, David E. Arnott, W. Patrick Sagebiel, John C. Mazzoleni, Lynn Chow, Judith C. Gabele, Peter A. Crews, William Snow, Richard Clark, Nigel N. Wayne, W. Scott Lawson, Douglas R. TI Variations in speciated emissions from spark-ignition and compression-ignition motor vehicles in California's south coast air basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; LIGHT CRUDE-OIL; PARTICULATE MATTER; BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS; POLLUTION SOURCES; ELEMENTAL CARBON; GC-MS; GASOLINE AB The U.S. Department of Energy Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study examined the sources of uncertainties in using an organic compound-based chemical mass balance receptor model to quantify the contributions of spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine exhaust to ambient fine particulate matter (PM,.,). This paper presents the chemical composition profiles of SI and CI engine exhaust from the vehicle-testing portion of the study. Chemical analysis of source samples consisted of gravimetric mass, elements, ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Speciation Trends Network (SIN) thermal/optical methods, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, steranes, alkanes, and polar organic compounds. More than half of the mass of carbonaceous particles emitted by heavy-duty diesel trucks was EC (IMPROVE) and emissions from SI vehicles contained predominantly OC. Although total carbon (TC) by the IMPROVE and STN protocols agreed well for all of the samples, the STN/IMPROVE ratios for EC from SI exhaust decreased with decreasing sample loading. SI vehicles, whether low or high emitters, emitted greater amounts of high-molecular-weight particulate PAHs (benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and coronene) than did CI vehicles. Diesel emissions contained higher abundances of two- to four-ring semivolatile PAHs. Diacids were emitted by CI vehicles but are also prevalent in secondary organic aerosols, so they cannot be considered unique tracers. Hopanes and steranes were present in lubricating oil with similar composition for both gasoline and diesel vehicles and were negligible in gasoline or diesel fuels. CI vehicles emitted greater total amounts of hopanes and steranes on a mass per mile basis, but abundances were comparable to SI exhaust normalized to TC emissions within measurement uncertainty. The combustion-produced high-molecular-weight PAHs were found in used gasoline motor oil but not in fresh oil and are negligible in used diesel engine oil. The contributions of lubrication oils to abundances of these PAHs in the exhaust were large in some cases and were variable with the age and consumption rate of the oil. These factors contributed to the observed variations in their abundances to total carbon or PM2.5 among the SI composition profiles. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US EPA, Source Apportionment & Characterizat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Bevilacqua Knight Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fujita, EM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Eric.Fujita@dri.edu RI Mazzoleni, Lynn/H-6545-2011 OI Mazzoleni, Lynn/0000-0002-0226-7337 NR 47 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 32 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 705 EP 720 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.6.705 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175ZP UT WOS:000247052800004 PM 17608006 ER PT J AU Eklund, BM Simon, MA AF Eklund, Bart M. Simon, Michelle A. TI Concentration of tetrachloroethylene in indoor air at a former dry cleaner facility as a function of subsurface contamination: A case study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL VAPOR INTRUSION; BUILDINGS; BIODEGRADATION; SITE AB A field study was performed to evaluate indoor air concentrations and vapor intrusion (VI) of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and other chlorinated solvents at a commercial retail site in Dallas, TX. The building is approximately 40 yr old and once housed a dry cleaning operation. Results from an initial site characterization were used to select sampling locations for the VI study. The general approach for evaluating VI was to collect time-integrated canister samples for off-site U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method TO-15 analyses. PCE and other chlorinated solvents were measured in shallow soil gas, subslab soil-gas, indoor air, and ambient air. The subslab soil gas exhibited relatively high values: PCE <= 2,600,000 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and trichloroethylene <= 170 ppbv. The attenuation factor, the ratio of indoor air and subslab soil-gas concentrations, was unusually low: approximately 5 x 10(-6) based on the maximum subslab soil-gas concentration of PCE and 1.4.x 10(-5) based on average values. C1 URS Corp, Austin, TX 78720 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Eklund, BM (reprint author), URS Corp, POB 201088, Austin, TX 78720 USA. EM bart_eklund@urscorp.com NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.6.753 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175ZP UT WOS:000247052800007 PM 17608009 ER PT J AU Regmi, S Ongwandee, M Morrison, G Fitch, M Surampalli, R AF Regmi, Shekhar Ongwandee, Maneerat Morrison, Glenn Fitch, Mark Surampalli, Rao TI Effectiveness of porous covers for control of ammonia, reduced sulfur compounds, total hydrocarbons, selected volatile organic compounds, and odor from hog manure storage lagoons SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PIGGERY EFFLUENT PONDS; PERMEABLE COVERS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; GAS EMISSIONS; SCALE TRIALS; SWINE MANURE; REDUCTION AB Anaerobic lagoons are a major source of odor at concentrated animal feeding operations. Seven different kinds of artificial (geotextile and polyethylene foam) and natural (straw and redwood) permeable lagoon covers were evaluated for their potential to reduce odorous emissions generated by anaerobic waste lagoons. A novel floating sampling raft was constructed and used to simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of lagoon covers on an operating swine waste lagoon. The air collected from the raft was evaluated for odor, total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds, ammonia, total hydrocarbons, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylamine. The emission rates from the lagoon were highly variable both temporally and spatially. All of the lagoon covers substantially reduced TRS emissions and odor. Geotextile fabric and a recycled foam cover exhibited the greatest reduction in total hydrocarbon emissions; natural covers were less effective. Because of consistently low emission rates of ammonia, no statistically significant reduction of ammonia emissions were observed from any of the lagoon covers. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Environm Engn Program, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. US EPA, Water Permits Branch, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Regmi, S (reprint author), Dept Civil Engn, 221 Butler Carleton Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM gcm@umr.edu RI Morrison, Glenn/B-4261-2016 OI Morrison, Glenn/0000-0001-6876-7185 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 761 EP 768 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175ZP UT WOS:000247052800008 PM 17608010 ER PT J AU Weilhoefer, CL Pan, Y AF Weilhoefer, C. L. Pan, Y. TI A comparison of diatom assemblages generated by two sampling protocols SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diatoms; periphyton; bioassessment; sampling method; ordination; Bray-Curtis similarity; EMAP ID SIMILARITY MEASURES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITIES; INDEX; STREAMS AB We investigated whether 2 stream sampling protocols collected different diatom assemblages within sampling reaches and, consequently, influenced the outcome of bioassessment. We analyzed center dot data collected at 71 sites by both reach-scale (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program [EMAP]) and targeted-habitat (US Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] Science to Achieve Results [STAR]) sampling protocols as part of the US EPA EMAP survey. Overall, diatom assemblages generated by the 2 protocols were similar. Median Bray-Curtis (BC) similarity between EMAP and STAR diatom counts was 70% (range 19-91 %). Taxon richness r(2) = 0.7), autecological metrics (e.g., siltation index: r(2) = 0.9, trophic diatom index: r(2) = 0.8), and morphological metrics (e.g., % erect taxa: r(2) = 0.7, % prostrate taxa: r(2) = 0.8) were comparable between the 2 protocols. Relationships between diatom assemblages (summarized as nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination axes) and environmental variables were similar between the 2 protocols, with diatom assemblages relating more to instream water-quality variables (e.g., total P, conductivity) than to physical-habitat or watershed characteristics. Diatom assemblages generated by the 2 protocols did diverge under a specific set of environmental conditions. Sites with the lowest BC similarities between EMAP and STAR counts tended to be larger and less shaded and to have higher values of water-quality variables affected by human disturbance (e.g., conductivity, total P, % fine sediment) than sites with higher values of BC similarity between protocols. We conclude that EMAP and STAR sampling protocols, in general, collect similar diatom assemblages. However, researchers should exercise caution when combining diatom data sets collected with different sampling protocols, particularly in large streams, where the potential for sampling of multiple habitats is increased. C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Weilhoefer, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM weilhoefer.christine@epamail.epa.gov; pany@pdx.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 308 EP 318 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[308:ACODAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 166YS UT WOS:000246417700012 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J Larsen, DP Hawkins, CP AF Van Sickle, John Larsen, David P. Hawkins, Charles P. TI Exclusion of rare taxa affects performance of the O/E index in bioassessments SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE predictive model; rare species; null model; sensitivity; precision; bioassessment ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; FRESH-WATER FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; PREDICTIVE MODELS; QUALITY; STREAMS; RIVERS; ASSEMBLAGES AB The contribution of rare taxa to bioassessments based on multispecies assemblages is the subject of continued debate. As a result, users of predictive models such as River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS) disagree on whether to exclude locally rare taxa from the O/E index, where O is the number of taxa observed in a sampled assemblage, and E is the number that would be expected if the site were in a minimally disturbed reference condition. We assessed how the bioassessment performance of O/E was affected by the exclusion of taxa with site-specific, model-predicted occurrence probabilities that did not exceed thresholds of P-T = 0(+), 0.1, 0.2, ..., 0.7. We assessed O/E performance for each of 10 predictive models applied to a total of 5685 stream and lake samples from throughout the contiguous USA. For 5 of the 10 cases, the standard deviation (SD) of O/E across reference sites was reduced by at least 0.02 O/E units when locally rare and uncommon taxa were excluded (P-T = 0.5) from O/E, as compared with all taxa being included (P-T= 0(+) These reductions in SD denote increases in precision of the O/E index. We also assessed the sensitivity of O/E, measured by the % of test sites (that is, sites independently assessed as not being in reference condition) that were declared to be outside the reference distribution of O/E scores. Five of our 10 cases showed increases in sensitivity of >= 10% at P-T = 0.5 as compared with P-T = 0(+). All cases that did not show increases in sensitivity or precision also showed no decrease in either of these performance measures as P-T increased. A comparison of observed occurrence frequencies of taxa at reference and test sites qualitatively explained the size of the O/E sensitivity response in all 10 cases. This result suggests that effects of rare-taxa exclusion are a direct consequence of these occurrence frequencies rather than of predictive-model structures. Thus, we predict that other assemblage-based bioassessment tools are likely to show improved sensitivity when rare taxa are excluded. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM vansickle.john@epa.gov; larsen.phil@epa.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 NR 47 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[319:EORTAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 166YS UT WOS:000246417700013 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Stoddard, JL Larsen, DP Herlihy, AT AF Whittier, Thomas R. Stoddard, John L. Larsen, David P. Herlihy, Alan T. TI Selecting reference sites for stream biological assessments: best professional judgment or objective criteria SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE reference sites; handpicked sites; disturbance measures; biotic indices ID INTEGRITY; FISH AB Selection of reference sites is a critical component in the process of developing and applying biological indicators of ecological condition. Some evidence suggests that despite its importance the rules by which reference sites are selected have not always been evaluated critically to assure that the sites represent least-disturbed conditions. We present a comparison of physical and chemical disturbance measures and biotic indices at handpicked reference sites provided by resource agencies and at sites selected by a probability design from a 12-state survey of western streams and rivers. In most cases, the distributions of disturbance measures and biotic index scores were essentially the same for both types of sites; that is, only a subset of the handpicked reference sites represented least-disturbed conditions. We recommend that all agencies that use reference sites critically review those sites with a set of explicit criteria, using field-collected data as well as mapped information. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov; stoddard.john@epa.gov; larsen.phil@epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epa.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 21 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 22 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[349:SRSFSB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 166YS UT WOS:000246417700015 ER PT J AU King, DN Brenner, KP Rodgers, MR AF King, Dawn N. Brenner, Kristen P. Rodgers, Mark R. TI A critical evaluation of a flow cytometer used for detecting enterococci in recreational waters SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE autofluorescence; enterococci; flow cytometry; fluorescence; membrane filtration ID ENUMERATION; BACTERIA AB The current U. S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved method for enterococci (Method 1600) in recreational water is a membrane filter (MF) method that takes 24 hours to obtain results. If the recreational water is not in compliance with the standard, to enteric pathogens may occur before the water is identified as hazardous. Because flow cytometry combined with specific fluorescent antibodies has the potential to be used as a rapid detection method for microorganisms, this technology was evaluated as a rapid, same-day method to detect enterococci in bathing beach waters. The flow cytometer chosen for this study was a laser microbial detection system designed to detect labeled antibodies. A comparison of MF counts with flow cytometry counts of enterococci in phosphate buffer and sterile-filtered recreational water showed good agreement between the two methods. However, when flow cytometry was used, the counts were several orders of magnitude higher than the MF counts with no correlation to Enterococcus spike concentrations. The unspiked sample controls frequently had higher counts than the samples spiked with enterococci. Particles within the spiked water samples were probably counted as target cells by the flow cytometer because of autofluorescence or non-specific adsorption of antibody and carryover to subsequent samples. For these reasons, this technology may not be suitable for enterococci detection in recreational waters. improvements in research and instrument design that will eliminate high background and carryover may make this a viable technology in the future. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP King, DN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM king.dawn@epa.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 172NF UT WOS:000246810300010 PM 17674577 ER PT J AU Fristachi, A Rice, G Steevens, J Linkov, I AF Fristachi, Anthony Rice, Glenn Steevens, Jeffery Linkov, Igor TI A preliminary exposure assessment of microcystins from consumption of drinking water in the United States SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium of the North-American-Lake-Management-Society CY NOV, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP N Amer Lake Management Soc DE cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; exposure assessment; drinking water; harmful algal blooms ID LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SPRAY IRRIGATION; CYANOBACTERIA; SUPPLEMENTS; TOXINS; LAKE AB This preliminary human exposure assessment of cyanotoxins from consumption of treated drinking water in the United States is based on reported concentrations of microcystin-LR equivalents, (herein referred to as MC-LR), a cyanotoxin measured in a study of North American drinking waters conducted by the American Water Works Association from June 1996 to January 1998. The sampling protocol resulted in a distribution of MC-LR concentrations in waters that likely overestimates the actual distribution encountered by the exposed population, yielding conservatively biased estimates of exposure. Over a 75-year lifetime, the estimated lifetime average daily dose of MC-LR from the consumption of drinking water was estimated to be 1.7 x 10(-3) mu g/kg-day with a standard deviation of 0.02. The 90 and 95 percentile exposure estimates were 1.5 x 10(-1) and 3.9 x 10(-3), respectively. Our results suggest that most individuals are exposed to cyanotoxin levels in finished North American drinking waters that are approximately an order of magnitude lower than the World Health Organization's provisional guideline level of 1 mu g/L, which corresponds to approximately 0.04 mu g/kg-day. C1 [Fristachi, Anthony] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Steevens, Jeffery] USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Linkov, Igor] Intertox Inc, Brookline, MA USA. RP Fristachi, A (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS-A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM afristac@jhsph.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333ON UT WOS:000258161900010 ER PT J AU Kozmin, SG Schaaper, RM AF Kozmin, Stanislav G. Schaaper, Roel M. TI Molybdenum cofactor-dependent resistance to N-hydroxylated base analogs in Escherichia coli is independent of MobA function SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE base analog sensitivity; molybdenum cofactor; MobA N6-hydioxylaminopurine; hydroxylamine ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MUTAGENIC-ACTIVITY; OPERON ENCODES; 6-N-HYDROXYLAMINOPURINE; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPECIFICITY; PURINES AB Lack of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in Escherichia coli and related microorganisms was found to cause hypersensitivity to certain N-hydroxylated base analogs, such as HAP (6-N-hydroxylaminopurine). This observation has lead to a previous proposal that E. coli contains a molybdoenzyme capable of detoxifying such N-hydroxylated analogs. Here, we show that, unexpectedly, deletion of all known or putative molybdoenzymes in E. coli failed to reveal any base-analog sensitivity, suggesting that a novel type of MoCo-dependent activity is involved. Further, we establish that protection against the analogs does not require the common molybdopterin guanine-dinucleotide (MGD) form of the cofactor, but instead the guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-free version of MoCo (MPT) is sufficient. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Genet, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Schaaper, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schaaper@niehs.nih.gov RI Kozmin, Stanislav/J-6849-2012 OI Kozmin, Stanislav/0000-0002-4128-4447 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050170-08, Z01 ES065088-10] NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 619 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.12.005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 170MP UT WOS:000246667800002 PM 17349664 ER PT J AU Clark, AB Deterding, L Tomer, KB Kunkel, TA AF Clark, Alan B. Deterding, Leesa Tomer, Kenneth B. Kunkel, Thomas A. TI Multiple functions for the N-terminal region of Msh6 SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; REPAIR PROTEIN MUTS; DNA MISMATCH REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MUTATIONS; YEAST; RECOMBINATION; RECOGNITION; COMPLEXES AB The eukaryotic mismatch repair protein Msh6 shares five domains in common with other MutS members. However, it also contains several hundred additional residues at its N-terminus. A few of these residues bind to PCNA, but the functions of the other amino acids in the N-terminal region (NTR) are unknown. Here we demonstrate that the Msh6 NTR binds to duplex DNA in a salt-sensitive, mismatch-independent manner. Partial proteolysis, DNA affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry identified a fragment comprised of residues 228-299 of yeast Msh6 that binds to DNA and is rich in positively charged residues. Deleting these residues, or replacing lysines and arginines with glutamate, reduces DNA binding in vitro and elevates spontaneous mutation rates and resistance to MNNG treatment in vivo. Similar in vivo defects are conferred by alanine substitutions in a highly conserved motif in the NTR that immediately precedes domain I of MutS proteins, the domain that interacts with mismatched DNA. These data suggest that, in addition to PCNA binding, DNA binding and possibly other functions in the amino terminal region of Msh6 are important for eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair and cellular response to alkylation damage. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 12 BP 4114 EP 4123 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm409 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 186ZS UT WOS:000247817700023 PM 17567610 ER PT J AU Warren, LL Hughes, AR Lai, EH Zaykin, DV Haneline, SA Bansal, AT Wooster, AW Spreen, WR Hernandez, JE Scott, TR Roses, AD Mosteller, M AF Warren, L. L. Hughes, A. R. Lai, E. H. Zaykin, D. V. Haneline, S. A. Bansal, A. T. Wooster, A. W. Spreen, W. R. Hernandez, J. E. Scott, T. R. Roses, A. D. Mosteller, M. CA CNA30027 CNA30032 study teams TI Use of pairwise marker combination and recursive partitioning in a pharmacogenetic genome-wide scan SO PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pairwise marker combinations; sensitivity; specificity; recursive partitioning; candidate genes; genome scan ID ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; ABACAVIR HYPERSENSITIVITY; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HLA-B-ASTERISK-5701; BREAST; CANCER; REGION AB The objective of pharmacogenetic research is to identify a genetic marker, or a set of genetic markers, that can predict how a given person will respond to a given medicine. To search for such marker combinations that are predictive of adverse drug events, we have developed and applied two complementary methods to a pharmacogenetic study of the hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) associated with treatment with abacavir, a medicine that is used to treat HIV-infected patients. Our results show that both of these methods can be used to uncover potentially useful predictive marker combinations. The pairwise marker combination method yielded a collection of marker pairs that featured a spectrum of sensitivities and specificities. Recursive partitioning results led to the genetic delineation of multiple risk categories, including those with extremely high and extremely low risk of HSR. These methods can be readily applied in pharmacogenetic candidate gene studies as well as in genome-wide scans. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Genet Res, Genet Analysis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Harlow, Essex, England. RP Mosteller, M (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Genet Res, Genet Analysis, 5 Moore Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mike.m.mosteller@gsk.com FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1470-269X J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS J JI Pharmacogenomics J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500414 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 172PI UT WOS:000246815900002 PM 16969363 ER PT J AU Coffey, T Gennings, C Moser, VC AF Coffey, Todd Gennings, Chris Moser, Virginia C. TI The simultaneous analysis of discrete and continuous outcomes in a dose-response study: Using desirability functions SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE composite score; data analysis; multiple outcomes; nonlinear model; scoring scheme ID NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCREENING BATTERY; MODELS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB Multiple types of outcomes are sometimes measured on each animal in toxicology dose-response experiments. The potential false-positive rate from statistical tests on each endpoint may be inflated. We. introduce a method of deriving a composite score that combines information from discrete and continuous outcomes through the use, of desirability functions. These functions transform observed responses of any type to a 0-to-1 unitless scale. The geometric mean is used to combine the scores and then a statistical model is fit to the dose-response curve of the overall score. The overall desirability score is more sensitive to toxicity evident in only a few endpoints than other composite scores that are based on sums of components. We analyze the overall score using a nonlinear exponential model with a threshold parameter. In this example, the threshold parameter was statistically significant and its estimate was less than the lowest dose. Compared to the vehicle control, the lower overall scores at this dose group were due to lower levels of brain and blood cholinesterase (90% and 82% of control, respectively) whereas other endpoints were not altered, thus demonstrating the sensitivity of the desirability function to detect low levels of toxicity in a small number of outcomes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, POB 980032, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gennings@vcu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07334] NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.12.004 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 183CG UT WOS:000247549700007 PM 17331631 ER PT J AU Hammon, TL Griffin, S AF Hammon, Tracy L. Griffin, Susan TI Support for selection of a methamphetamine cleanup standard in Colorado SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clandestine drug lab; methamphetamine contamination of homes; exposure assessment from wipe samples; regulatory cleanup standard; adverse health effects; risk assessment ID EXPOSURE; RAT; DOPAMINE; BRAIN; NEUROTOXICITY; AMPHETAMINES; DEFICITS AB Methamphetamine production for illicit use occurs in makeshift labs and is associated with the release of numerous chemicals, including methamphetamine residues. These methamphetamine residues may pose a health risk to residents who reoccupy these structures after property seizures. Several states have established technology-based cleanup standards for methamphetamine, but none have examined the health-protectiveness of these standards. In response to Colorado House Bill 04-1182, exposure intakes correlated with three technology-based standards were calculated for various groups of individuals. Intakes were assessed for a 1-year-old infant, 6-year-old child, and a female of childbearing age. Exposure intakes were compared to toxicity reference values developed from developmental endpoints following methamphetamine exposure from the available literature. Uncertainty factors were applied to the lowest adverse effect levels observed in these studies to arrive at the toxicity reference values. These reference values were greater than the calculated intakes from each proposed technology standard, suggesting that all of the proposed standards would be protective of human health exposure. The cost and practicality of attaining each of the proposed standards was also factored into the decision making process. In their final regulation (6 CCR 1014-3), the CDPHE selected 0.5 mu g/100 Cm-2 as the final cleanup standard for methamphetamine residues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), US EPA, 999 18th St,Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM griffin.susan@epa.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 102 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.02.002 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 183CG UT WOS:000247549700013 PM 17412470 ER PT J AU Goldman, JM Murr, AS Buckalew, AR Ferrell, JM Cooper, RL AF Goldman, Jerome M. Murr, Ashley S. Buckalew, Angela R. Ferrell, Janet M. Cooper, Ralph L. TI Moderating influence of the drinking water disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid on a dithiocarbamate-induced suppression of the luteinizing hormone surge in female rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LH surge; dibromoacetic acid; estradiol; estrone; dimethyldithiocarbamate; disinfection byproduct ID DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; PITUITARY RESPONSIVENESS; STRAIN DIFFERENCES; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SPERM QUALITY; IN-VITRO; ESTROGEN; OVULATION; ESTRADIOL AB The disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid (DBA) has been found in female rats to increase circulating concentrations of both estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). This effect is apparently due, at least in part, to a suppression in hepatic catabolism. The present study investigated whether DBA, by increasing sex steroid levels, is able either to augment the hypothalamic up-regulation involved in triggering a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, or to affect the ability of the neurotoxicant sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC) to block the surge. Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged for 14 days with DBA (0-150 mg/kg) and ovariectomized on dosing day 11, and at the same time implanted with an estradiol capsule to generate daily LH surges. An injection of 0.1 mM/kg DMDC was administered at 13:00 h on day 14 and blood was sampled over the afternoon. DBA induced a dose-related increase in total estrogens. For identified surges, areas under the LH curve partitioned into two groups, comprising the two lower (0 and 37.5 mg/kg DBA) and the two higher (75 and 150 mg/kg) treatment groups. Consequently, low and high DBA groups were compared and found to be significantly different. At 150 mg DBA/0.1 mM DMDC, the timing of an identifiable LH peak was comparable to non-DMDC females, unlike the 37.5 mg DBA/0.1 mM DMDC group in which the appearance of peak concentrations was delayed. A significant effect with DBA treatment alone was not present. Results indicated that this exposure to DBA induced a dose-related increase in total estrogen concentrations that paralleled a diminished DMDC blockade of the LH surge. The effect appeared to be attributable to an augmentation in the estrogen-associated up-regulation in brain mechanisms stimulating the surge. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, MD72, RTD,NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, MD72, RTD,NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.jerome@epa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.03.001 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 178OW UT WOS:000247231000009 PM 17418526 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Cooper, RL AF Stoker, Tammy E. Cooper, Ralph L. TI Distribution of C-14-atrazine following an acute lactational exposure in the Wistar rat SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; lactation; hypothalamus ID OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ATRAZINE AB The purpose of the present study was to examine the distribution of atrazine in the lactating dam and suckling neonate following an acute exposure to either 2 or 4 mg/kg C-14-atrazine (C-14-ATR) by gavage. C-14-ATR was administered to the nursing dam on postnatal day 3 by oral gavage. Two and a half hours after exposure of the mother to C-14-ATR, the pups were allowed to nurse for 30 min. At the end of the nursing period, radiolabelled residues of C-14-ATR [or C-14-chlorotriazines (C-14-CITRI)] were measured in the organs and tissues of the perfused dam and in the stomachs and brains of the rat pups. Both the 2 and the 4 mg atrazine treatments resulted in a transfer of approximately 0.007% of C-14-CITRI to the stomach (indicator of milk content) and 0.0002% to the brains of the offspring following the 30-min nursing period. Three hours following the dose of C-14-ATR, there was a distribution of C-14-CITRI to the organs of the dam, with the highest amounts in the liver and kidney (1.1 and 0.3% of the administered dose, respectively). Approximately 0.003% of the administered dose was present in three different brain sections of the dam following both doses of C-14-ATR. The results of this study demonstrate that C-14-CITRI are present in small concentrations in the brain and tissues of the dam (adult female) and provide evidence that atrazine or the metabolites can have direct effects on neuroendrocrine function. The results also provide information for postnatal distribution into the suckling neonate during early lactation. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72,NHEERL,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72,NHEERL,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.02.004 PG 4 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 178OW UT WOS:000247231000017 PM 17399945 ER PT J AU Nestlerode, JA Luckenbach, MW O'Beirn, FX AF Nestlerode, Janet A. Luckenbach, Mark W. O'Beirn, Francis X. TI Settlement and survival of the oyster Crassostrea virginica on created oyster reef habitats in chesapeake bay SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; habitat complexity; oyster reefs ID PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; TIDAL HEIGHT; BLUE-CRAB; COMPLEXITY; GROWTH; BEDS; COMMUNITIES; MORTALITY AB Efforts to restore the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reef habitats in Chesapeake Bay typically begin with the placement of hard substrata to form three-dimensional mounds on the seabed to serve as a base for oyster recruitment and growth. A shortage of oyster shell for creating large-scale reefs has led to widespread use of other materials such as Surf clamshell (Spisula solidissima), as a substitute for oyster shell. Oyster recruitment, survival, and growth were monitored on intertidal reefs constructed from oyster and Surf clamshell near Fisherman's Island, Virginia, U.S.A. and on a subtidal Surf clamshell reef in York River, Virginia, U.S.A. At the intertidal reefs, oyster larvae settlement occurred at similar levels on both substrate types throughout the monitoring period but higher levels of post-settlement mortality occurred on clamshell reefs. The oyster shell reef supported greater oyster growth and survival and offered the highest degree of structural complexity. On the subtidal clamshell reef, the quality of the substrate varied with reef elevation. Large shell fragments and intact valves were scattered around the reef base, whereas small, tightly packed shell fragments paved the crest and flank of the reef mound. Oysters were more abundant and larger at the base of this reef and less abundant and smaller on the reef crest. The availability of interstitial space and appropriate settlement surfaces is hypothesized to account for the observed differences in oyster abundance across the reef systems. Patterns observed emphasize the importance of appropriate substrate selection for restoration activities to enhance natural recovery where an underlying habitat structure is destroyed. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Sci Biol,Eastern Shore Lab, Wachapreague, VA 23480 USA. RP Nestlerode, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 56 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00210.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169XL UT WOS:000246625300011 ER PT J AU Firestone, M Moya, J Cohen-Hubal, E Zartarian, V Xue, J AF Firestone, Michael Moya, Jacqueline Cohen-Hubal, Elaine Zartarian, Valerie Xue, Jianping TI Identifying childhood age groups for exposure assessments and monitoring SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE age groups; children; exposure assessment; life stages; risk assessment ID SOIL INGESTION; MOUTHING BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RATES AB The purpose of this article is to describe a standard set of age groups for exposure assessors to consider when assessing childhood exposure and potential dose to environmental contaminants. In addition, this article presents examples to show how the age groups can be applied in children's exposure assessments. A consistent set of childhood age groups, supported by an underlying scientific rationale, will improve the accuracy and comparability of exposure and risk assessments for children. The effort was undertaken in part to aid the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in implementing such regulatory initiatives as the 1997 Presidential Executive Order 13045, which required all federal agencies to ensure that their standards take into account special risks to children. The standard age groups include: birth to <1 month; 1 to <3 months; 3 to <6 months; 6 to <12 months; 1 to <2 years; 2 to <3 years; 3 to <6 years; 6 to <11 years; 11 to <16 years; and 16 to <21 years. These age groups reflect a consideration of developmental changes in various behavioral, anatomical, and physiological characteristics that impact exposure and potential dose. It is expected that the availability of a standard set of early-life age groups will inform future analyses of exposure factors data as well as guide new research and data collection efforts to fill knowledge gaps. C1 US EPA, Off Childerns Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moya, J (reprint author), US EPA 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM moya.jacqueline@epa.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 701 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00918.x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 193WA UT WOS:000248304700015 PM 17640217 ER PT J AU McLanahan, ED Campbell, JL Ferguson, DC Harmon, B Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Mattie, DR Braverman, L Keys, DA Mumtaz, M Fisher, JW AF McLanahan, Eva D. Campbell, Jerry L., Jr. Ferguson, Duncan C. Harmon, Barry Hedge, Joan M. Crofton, Kevin M. Mattie, David R. Braverman, Lewis Keys, Deborah A. Mumtaz, Moiz Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI Low-dose effects of ammonium perchlorate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of adult male rats pretreated with PCB126 SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PCB126; perchlorate; rat; T-4; thyroid; TSH; UDPGT ID SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; ENZYME-INDUCTION; HORMONE; TRANSTHYRETIN; METABOLISM; THYROXINE; CONGENERS; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; BINDING AB The objective of this research was to characterize the disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis resulting from exposure to a binary mixture, 3,3',4,4',5-5-entachlorobiphenyI (PCB126) and perchlorate (004), known to cause hypothyroidism by different modes of action. Two studies were conducted to determine the HPT axis effects of ClO4- on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with PCB126. In dosing study 1, rats were administered a single oral dose of PCB126 (0, 7.5, or 75 mu g/kg) on day 0 and 9 days later ClO4- (0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg day) was added to the drinking water until euthanasia on day 22. Significant dose-dependent trends were found for all thyroid function indices measured following ClO4- in drinking water for 14 days. Seventy-five micrograms PCB126[kg resulted in a significant increase in hepatic T-4-glucuronide formation, causing a decline in serum thyroxine and fF(4), and resulting in increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Serum TSH was also increased in animals that received 7.5 mu g PCB126/kg; no other HPT axis alterations were found in these animals. When pretreated with PCB126, the ClO4 dose trends disappeared, suggesting a less than additive effect on the HPT axis. In dosing study 11, animals were given lower doses of PCB126 (0, 0.075, 0.75, or 7.5 mu g/kg) on day 0, and followed with 004 (0 or 0.01 mg/kg day) in drinking water beginning on day I and continuing for several days to explore transient HPT axis effects. No statistical effects were seen for PCB126 or ClO4- alone, and no perturbations were found when administered sequentially in dosing study II. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that HPT axis disturbances following exposure to ClO4- are less than additive when pretreated with relatively high doses of PCB126. At relatively low doses, at or near the no-observed-effect-level for PCB126 and ClO4-, no interactions between the chemicals occur. C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Diabet & Nutr Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Stat & Modeling Supporting Informed Decis, Athens, GA 30606 USA. Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McLanahan, ED (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Environm Hlth Sci Dept 206, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM evad@uga.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Braverman, Lewis/0000-0003-1263-1099 FU PHS HHS [U61/ATU472105-02, U61/ATU472105-03, U61/ATU472105-04, U61/ATU472105-05] NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm063 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 177UO UT WOS:000247178200010 PM 17379623 ER PT J AU Blystone, CR Lambright, CS Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Sternberg, RM Butterworth, BC Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Ankley, GT Wilson, VS LeBlanc, GA Gray, LE AF Blystone, Chad R. Lambright, Christy S. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Furr, Johnathan Sternberg, Robin M. Butterworth, Brian C. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Ankley, Gerald T. Wilson, Vickie S. LeBlanc, Gerald A. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Sensitivity of fetal rat testicular steroidogenesis to maternal prochloraz exposure and the underlying mechanism of inhibition SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE prochloraz; testosterone; CYP17; steroidogenesis; fetal testis ID FUNGICIDE PROCHLORAZ; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; IN-VITRO; LINURON; PROGESTERONE AB The fungicide prochloraz (PCZ) induces malformations in androgen-dependent tissues in male rats when administered during sex differentiation. The sensitivity of fetal testicular steroidogenesis to PCZ was investigated to test the hypothesis that the reported morphological effects from maternal exposure were associated with reduced testosterone synthesis. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage with 0, 7.8, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, and 125 mg PCZ/kg/day (n = 8) from gestational day (GD) 14 to 18. On GD 18, the effects of PCZ on fetal steroidogenesis were assessed by measuring hormone production from ex vivo fetal testes after a 3-h incubation. Lastly, PCZ levels in amniotic fluid and maternal serum were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy and correlated to the inhibition of steroidogenesis. Fetal progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone production levels were increased significantly at every PCZ dose, whereas testosterone levels were significantly decreased only at the two high doses. These results suggest that PCZ inhibits the conversion of progesterone to testosterone through the inhibition of CYP17. To test this hypothesis, PCZ effects on CYP17 gene expression and in vitro CYP17 hydroxylase activity were evaluated. PCZ had no effect on testicular CYP17 mRNA levels as measured by quantitative real-time polymersase chain reaction. However, microsomal CYP17 hydroxylase activity was significantly inhibited by the fungicide (K-i - 865nM). Amniotic fluid PCZ concentrations ranged from 78 to 1512 ppb (207-4014nM) and testosterone production was reduced when PCZ reached -500 ppb, which compares favorably with the determined CYP17 hydroxylase Ki (326 ppb). These results demonstrate that PCZ lowers testicular testosterone synthesis by inhibiting CYP17 activity which likely contributes to the induced malformations in androgen-dependent tissues of male offspring. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm055 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 177UO UT WOS:000247178200028 PM 17369198 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Brennan, RJ Hu, WY Ayanoglu, E Lau, C Ren, HZ Wood, CR Corton, JC Kavlock, RJ Dix, DJ AF Martin, Matthew T. Brennan, Richard J. Hu, Wenyue Ayanoglu, Eser Lau, Christopher Ren, Hongzu Wood, Carmen R. Corton, J. Christopher Kavlock, Robert J. Dix, David J. TI Toxicogenomic study of triazole fungicides and perfluoroalkyl acids in rat livers predicts toxicity and categorizes chemicals based on mechanisms of toxicity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; propiconazole; triadimefon; PFOA; PFOS; genomic signatures ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; HEPATIC GENE-EXPRESSION; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; THYROID-HORMONE; PPAR-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; MICE; EXPOSURE AB Toxicogenomic analysis of five environmental chemicals was performed to investigate the ability of genomics to predict toxicity, categorize chemicals, and elucidate mechanisms of toxicity. Three triazole antifungals (myclobutanil, propiconazole, and triadimefon) and two perfluorinated chemicals [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)J were administered daily via oral gavage for one, three, or five consecutive days to male Sprague-Dawley rats at single doses of 300, 300, 175, 20, or 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. Clinical chemistry, hematology, and histopathology were measured at all time points. Gene expression profiling of livers from three rats per treatment group at all time points was performed on the CodeLink Uniset Rat I Expression array. Data were analyzed in the context of a large reference toxicogenomic database containing gene expression profiles for over 630 chemicals. Genomic signatures predicting hepatomegaly and hepatic injury preceded those results for all five chemicals, and further analysis segregated chemicals into two distinct classes. The triazoles caused similar gene expression changes as other azole antifungals, particularly the induction of pregnane X receptor (PXR)-regulated xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress genes. In contrast, PFOA and PFOS exhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a agonist-like effects on genes associated with fatty acid homeostasis. PFOA and PFOS also resulted in down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes, matching an in vivo decrease in serum cholesterol, and perturbation of thyroid hormone metabolism genes matched by serum thyroid hormone depletion in vivo. The concordance of in vivo observations and gene expression findings demonstrated the ability of genomics to accurately categorize chemicals, identify toxic mechanisms of action, and predict subsequent pathological responses. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol D343 03, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Iconix Biosci, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol D343 03, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013 OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908 NR 46 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 10 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 595 EP 613 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm065 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 177UO UT WOS:000247178200036 PM 17383973 ER PT J AU Cozzi, E Wingard, CJ Cascio, WE Devlin, RB Miles, JJ Bofferding, AR Lust, RM Van Scott, MR Henriksen, RA AF Cozzi, Emily Wingard, Christopher J. Cascio, Wayne E. Devlin, Robert B. Miles, Jeremy J. Bofferding, April R. Lust, Robert M. Van Scott, Michael R. Henriksen, Ruth Ann TI Effect of ambient particulate matter exposure on hemostasis SO TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INDUCED PLATELET-AGGREGATION; FACTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; SOLUBLE P-SELECTIN; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Epidemiological studies have linked levels of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air to cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Thrombus formation plays a primary role in potentiating acute cardiovascular events, and this study was undertaken to determine whether pulmonary exposure to PM alters hemostasis. PM was collected from the Chapel Hill, NC airshed and was administered to mice by intratracheal instillation at a dose previously shown to exacerbate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Twenty-four hours after exposure, an increase occurred in the number of circulating platelets and plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and soluble P-selectin. The concentration of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in plasma was decreased, whereas the plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was increased. Consistent with these observations, bleeding time from a tail-tip transection was shortened. These results provide evidence that PM exposure alters hemostasis in otherwise healthy animals and may thereby promote clot formation and impede clot resolution in susceptible individuals. The results also establish definite hemostatic endpoints that can be used to further investigate the effects of dose and particle characteristics on the toxicity of ambient particles. C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Van Scott, MR (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 6N98 Brody Bldg, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM vanscottmi@ecu.edu OI Van Scott, Michael/0000-0003-1782-1334; Wingard, Christopher/0000-0002-8251-5678 NR 76 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1931-5244 J9 TRANSL RES JI Transl. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 149 IS 6 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.12.009 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 178AY UT WOS:000247194800006 PM 17543851 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Warren, JM Brooks, JR AF Meinzer, Frederick C. Warren, Jeffrey M. Brooks, J. Renee TI Species-specific partitioning of soil water resources in an old-growth Douglas-fir-western hemlock forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; root distribution; sap flow; transpiration; Tsuga heterophylla ID NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; ROOT XYLEM EMBOLISM; MARITIME PINE STAND; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SAP FLOW; PONDEROSA PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TROPICAL FOREST; CANOPY TREES AB Although tree- and stand-level estimates of forest water use are increasingly common, relatively little is known about partitioning of soil water resources among co-occurring tree species. We studied seasonal courses of soil water utilization in a 450-year-old Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco-Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forest in southwestern Washington State. Soil volumetric water content (theta) was continuously monitored with frequency domain capacitance sensors installed at eight depths from 0.2 to 2 m at four locations in the vicinity of each species. Vertical profiles of root distribution and seasonal and daily courses of hydraulic redistribution (HR), sap flow and tree water status were also measured. Mean root area in the upper 60 cm of soil was significantly greater in the vicinity of T. heterophylla trees. However, seasonal water extraction on a root area basis was significantly greater near P. menziesii trees at all depths between 15 and 65 cm, leading to significantly lower water storage in the upper 65 cm of soil near P. menziesii trees at the end of the summer dry season. Greater apparent efficiency of P. menziesii roots at extracting soil water was attributable to a greater driving force for water uptake rather than to differences in root hydraulic properties between the species. The dependence of HR on theta was similar in soil near individuals of both species, but seasonal maximum rates of HR were greater in soil near P. menziesii because minimum values of theta were lower, implying a steeper water potential gradient between the upper and lower soil that acted as a driving force for water efflux from shallow roots. The results provide information on functional traits relevant for understanding the ecological distributions of these species and have implications for spatial variability of processes such as soil respiration and nutrient cycling. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177QI UT WOS:000247167200009 PM 17331905 ER PT J AU Taylor, AM Brooks, JR Lachenbruch, B Morrell, JJ AF Taylor, Adam M. Brooks, J. Renee Lachenbruch, Barbara Morrell, Jeffrey J. TI Radial patterns of carbon isotopes in the xylem extractives and cellulose of Douglas-fir SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delta(13) C; heartwood; Pseudotsuga menziesii; sapwood; stable isotopes ID ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA L; HEARTWOOD FORMATION; TREE-RINGS; WOOD; POLYPHENOLS; DISCRIMINATION; DELTA-C-13; SAMPLES; SEASON AB Heartwood extractives (nonstructural wood components) are believed to be formed from a combination of compounds present in the adjacent sapwood and materials imported from the phloem. The roles of local compounds and imported material in heartwood formation could have important implications for the wood quality of species having naturally durable wood. Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C) was analyzed to assess radial variation in sapwood extractives, and to estimate the relative importance of adjacent sapwood extractives and imported photosynthate in the formation of heartwood extractives. Cellulose and extractives from the outer 39 annual rings of six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees were isolated and their delta(13)C composition determined. Although the extractives and the cellulose showed different absolute delta(13)C values, the patterns of change over time (as represented by the annual rings) were similar in most cases. Within an annual ring, carbon isotope ratios of extractives were correlated with the cellulose isotope ratio (R(2) = 0.33 in sapwood, R(2) = 0.34 in heartwood for aqueous acetone-soluble extractives; R(2) = 0.41 in sapwood for hot-water-soluble extractives). These data suggest that some sapwood extractives are formed when the wood ring forms, and remain in place until they are converted to heartwood extractives many years later. Sapwood extractives appear to be important sources of materials for the biosynthesis of heartwood extractives in Douglas-fir. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Taylor, AM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM adamtaylor@utk.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 921 EP 927 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177QI UT WOS:000247167200014 PM 17331910 ER PT J AU Carlin, A AF Carlin, Alan TI Global climate change control: Is there a better strategy than reducing greenhouse gas emissions? SO UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID VOLCANIC WINTER; CO2; POLICY; ERUPTION; ENERGY; STABILIZATION; CIRCULATION; TRANSITION; RADIATION; BALANCE AB This Article identifies four major global climate change problems, analyzes whether the most Prominent of the greenhouse gas (GHG) control proposals is likely to be either effective or efficient in solving each of the problems, and then extensively analyzes both management and technological alternatives to the Proposals. Efforts to reduce emissions of GHGs, such as carbon dioxide, in a decentralized way or even in a few countries (such as the United States or under the Kyoto Protocol) without equivalent actions by all the other countries of the world, particularly the most rapidly growing ones, cannot realistically achieve the temperature change limits most emission control advocates believe are necessary to avoid dangerous climatic changes, and would be unlikely to do so even with the cooperation of these other countries. This Article concludes that the most effective and efficient solution would be to use a concept long proven by nature to reduce the radiation reaching the earth by adding particles optimized for this purpose to the stratosphere to scatter a small portion of the incoming sunlight back into space, as well as to undertake a new effort to better understand and reduce ocean acidification. Current temperature change goals could be quickly achieved by stratospheric scattering at a very modest cost without the need for costly adaptation, human lifestyle changes, or the general public's active cooperation, all required by rigorous emission controls. Although stratospheric scattering would not reduce ocean acidification, for which several remedies are explored in this Article, it appears to be the most effective and efficient first step toward global climate change control. Stratospheric scattering is not currently being pursued or even developed, however; such development is particularly needed to verify the lack of significant adverse environmental effects of this remedy. Reducing GHG emissions to the extent proposed by advocates, even if achievable, would cost many trillions of dollars, and is best viewed as a last resort rather than the Preferred strategy. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Carlin, A (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 131 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV PENN LAW SCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3400 CHESTNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-6204 USA SN 0041-9907 J9 U PENN LAW REV JI Univ. Pa. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 155 IS 6 BP 1401 EP 1497 PG 97 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 198MM UT WOS:000248632200002 ER PT J AU Brown, S Saito, L Knightes, C Gustin, M AF Brown, Scott Saito, Laurel Knightes, Christopher Gustin, Mae TI Calibration and evaluation of a mercury model for a western stream and constructed wetland SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE modeling; mercury; methylmercury; Steamboat Creek; wetlands ID CARSON RIVER; STEAMBOAT CREEK; METHYL MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NATURAL-WATERS; NEVADA; SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION; METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION AB Numerous studies have shown that Steamboat Creek in Nevada is highly contaminated with mercury, with aqueous mercury concentrations more than two orders of magnitude greater than nearby mountain streams. One objective of this study was to determine if the new Spreadsheet-based Ecological Risk Assessment for the Fate of Mercury (SERAFM) model could be calibrated to the concentrations of unfiltered and dissolved total mercury, and unfiltered and dissolved MeHg in the water column for a reach on SBC and a related constructed wetland mesocosm for different seasons and residence times. SERAFM is a new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency steady state, single segment, mass balance mercury model that has been applied to lakes, and this study also examined the model's applicability for modeling an arid flowing water environment in different seasons. The average combined error between observed and model-estimated mercury concentrations was 12% and 17% for the reach and mesocosm, respectively. Some recommendations are proposed that may allow SERAFM to better model flowing systems. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Grad Program Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Nevada Tahoe Conservat Dist, Stateline, NV 89449 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Saito, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Grad Program Hydrol Sci, Mail Stop 186,1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM lsaito@cabnr.unr.edu RI Saito, Laurel/E-3096-2010 OI Saito, Laurel/0000-0003-3617-3133 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 182 IS 1-4 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9338-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 166EJ UT WOS:000246360400024 ER PT J AU Filali-Meknassi, Y Auriol, M Adams, CD Surampalli, RY AF Filali-Meknassi, Youssef Auriol, Muriel Adams, Craig D. Surampalli, Rao Y. TI Quantification of steroid sex hormones using solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptors; estrogens; water analysis; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; wastewater treatment plant; surface water ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ESTROGENIC HORMONES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; NATURAL-WATERS; SURFACE-WATER; RIVER WATER; EFFLUENT AB In this study, the occurrence of trace amounts of natural and synthetic steroid estrogens in the aquatic environment was studied using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, following solid-phase extraction (SPE). The SPE was performed with C18 and NH2 cartridges. The first objective was to develop a reliable method for analyzing steroid estrogens (resulting from human and animal excretions) in different matrices. The method developed was then applied to quantify the occurrence of natural and synthetic hontiones (estrone [EI], 17 beta-estradiol [beta E2], 17 alpha-estradiol [alpha E2]. estriol [E3], and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol [EE2]) in environmental samples in surface water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent. In the WWTP influents, beta E2, alpha E2, and E3 were identified as ranging up to 72.6 ng/L in WWTP influent and to 16 ng/L in YrNTP effluent. Analysis of surface water sampled upstream from the VVVVTP revealed the presence of all five estrogens, at levels up to 19.8 ng/L. These concentrations of estrogens pose an issue for large and small communities. because they are higher than the recommended guidelines for estrogen'-active compounds and because a lot of communities use surface water as drinking-water sources. C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 2M3, Canada. RP Filali-Meknassi, Y (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 220 Civil Engn Bldg, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM youssesm@umr.edu NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.2175/106143007X156781 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 179GA UT WOS:000247276500013 PM 17605337 ER PT J AU Helbing, CC Ji, L Bailey, CM Veldhoen, N Zhang, F Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Tietge, J Korte, JJ Degitz, SJ AF Helbing, Caren C. Ji, Lan Bailey, Carmen M. Veldhoen, Nik Zhang, Fang Holcombe, Gary W. Kosian, Patricia A. Tietge, Joseph Korte, Joseph J. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Identification of gene expression indicators for thyroid axis disruption in a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis screening assay Part 2. Effects on the tail and hindlimb SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cDNA array; quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction; amphibian; frog; metamorphosis; tail; hindlimb ID RANA-CATESBEIANA; HORMONE RECEPTOR; TADPOLES; PERCHLORATE; APOPTOSIS; NUCLEAR; PROTEIN; FROG; PHARMACOLOGY; METHIMAZOLE AB Thyroid hormones (TH), thyroxine (T-4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-3), play crucial roles in regulation of growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates and are targets for endocrine disruptive agents. Perturbations in TH action can contribute to the development of disease states and the US Environmental Protection Agency is developing a high throughput screen using TH-dependent metamorphosis of the Xenopus laevis tadpole as an assay platform. Currently this methodology relies on external morphological endpoints and changes in central thyroid axis parameters. However, exposure-related changes in gene expression in TH-sensitive tissue types that occur over shorter time frames have the potential to augment this screen. Using a combination of cDNA array and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analyses, this study identifies molecular markers in tissues peripheral to the central thyroid axis. We examine the hindlimb and tail of tadpoles up to 96 h of continuous exposure to T-3, T-4, methimazole, propylthiouracil, or perchlorate. Several novel biomarker candidates are indicated that include transcripts encoding importin, RNA helicase II/Gu, and defender against death protein, DAD1. In combination with previously-identified biomarker candidates, these transcripts will greatly augment the predictive and diagnostic power of the Xenopus metamorphosis assay for perturbation of TH action. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Helbing, CC (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, POB 3055,Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM chelbing@uvic.ca NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 4 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.02.014 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 169MG UT WOS:000246595700001 PM 17399805 ER PT J AU Helbing, CC Bailey, CM Ji, L Gunderson, MP Zhang, F Veldhoen, N Skirrow, RC Mu, RX Lesperance, M Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Tietge, J Korte, JJ Degitz, SJ AF Helbing, Caren C. Bailey, Carmen M. Ji, Lan Gunderson, Mark P. Zhang, Fang Veldhoen, Nik Skirrow, Rachel C. Mu, Ruixia Lesperance, Mary Holcombe, Gary W. Kosian, Patricia A. Tietge, Joseph Korte, Joseph J. Degitz, Sigmund J. TI Identification of gene expression indicators for thyroid axis disruption in a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis screening assay Part 1. Effects on the brain SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cDNA array; quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction; amphibian; frog; metamorphosis ID RANA-CATESBEIANA TADPOLES; HORMONE-RECEPTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MICROARRAY DATA; END-POINTS; PERCHLORATE; EXPOSURE; PHARMACOLOGY; METHIMAZOLE; ACETOCHLOR AB Thyroid hormones (TH), thyroxine (T-4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-3), play crucial roles in regulation of growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates and their actions are targets for endocrine disruptive agents. Perturbations in TH action can contribute to the development of disease states and the US Environmental Protection Agency is developing a high throughput screen using TH-dependent amphibian metamorphosis as an assay platform. Currently this methodology relies on external morphological endpoints and changes in central thyroid axis parameters. However, exposure-related changes in gene expression in TH-sensitive tissue types that occur over shorter time frames have the potential to augment this screen. This study aims to characterize and identify molecular markers in the tadpole brain. Using a combination of cDNA array analysis and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), we examine the brain of tadpoles following 96 h of continuous exposure to T-3, T-4, methimazole, propylthiouracil, or perchlorate. This tissue was more sensitive to T-4 rather than T-3, even when differences in biological activity were taken into account. This implies that a simple conversion of T-4 to T-3 cannot fully account for T-4 effects on the brain and suggests distinctive mechanisms of action for the two THs. While the brain shows gene expression alterations for methimazole and propylthiouracil, the environmental contaminant, perchlorate, had the greatest effect on the levels of mRNAs encoding proteins important in neural development and function. Our data identify gene expression profiles that can serve as exposure indicators of these chemicals. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Victoria, Dept Math & Stat, Victoria, BC V8W 3P4, Canada. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Helbing, CC (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, POB 3055,Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM chelbing@uvic.ca NR 51 TC 25 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 4 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.02.013 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 169MG UT WOS:000246595700002 PM 17403546 ER PT J AU Purucker, ST Welsh, CJE Stewart, RN Starzec, P AF Purucker, S. T. Welsh, C. J. E. Stewart, R. N. Starzec, P. TI Use of habitat-contamination spatial correlation to determine when to perform a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; habitat; pronghorn; exposure; spatially explicit; agent-based model ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES; SAVANNA RIVER SITE; MODELS; EXPOSURE; SOIL; LANDSCAPES; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; PESTICIDES AB Anthropogenic contamination is typically distributed heterogeneously through space. This spatial structure can have different effects on the cumulative doses of wildlife exposed to contamination within the environment. These effects are accentuated when individual organisms pursue different movement strategies, and movement strategies can be affected by how individual organisms and species value habitat. Habitat quality is often neglected when ecological risk assessments are performed, despite evidence that inclusion of a quantitative habitat measure can have a significant effect on the overall exposure estimate. We couple an exposure model with habitat data to examine the interactions between habitat preferences, the spatial distribution of contamination, and the resulting impact on dose estimates. Dose distributions are constructed for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) exposed to fluoride when foraging on desert sagebrush. The results show the magnitude of the difference between simulated doses when foraging concentrations are positively or negatively correlated with different spatial distributions of habitat preferences. Mean estimated exposures obtained from non-spatial versus spatial methods can vary by a factor greater than two, and variation within the movement model, due to different habitat preferences, can vary by an order of magnitude. Such differences in calculated exposures can change a remediation decision from no-action to remediation, or vice-versa, and impact the remedial design when cleanup is required. In addition, information concerning which endpoint species are more orless likely to be exposed to chemical contamination in a given spatial setting can be used by stakeholders in the endpoint selection process. Results presented here are generally applicable to other situations where terrestrial wildlife is exposed to chemical contaminants. These simple model results demonstrate that examining the strength of the spatial correlation between habitat preference and contaminant data can be quickly used to determine when the implementation of a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment is useful. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Swedish Geotechn Inst, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Purucker, ST (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Purucker.Torn@epa.gov OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0002-8186-7559 NR 64 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 204 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.12.032 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171OX UT WOS:000246746400018 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Mathur, R Schere, K Kang, DW Pleim, J Otte, TL AF Yu, Shaocai Mathur, Rohit Schere, Kenneth Kang, Daiwen Pleim, Jonathan Otte, Tanya L. TI A detailed evaluation of the Eta-CMAQ forecast model performance for O-3, its related precursors, and meteorological parameters during the 2004 ICARTT study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; OZONE PRODUCTION; DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION; BACKGROUND OZONE; SYSTEM; POLLUTION; NOX AB [1] The Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's forecast performance for ozone (O-3), its precursors, and meteorological parameters has been assessed over the eastern United States with the observations obtained by aircraft, ship, ozonesonde, and lidar and two surface networks (AIRNOW and AIRMAP) during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) study. The results at the AIRNOW sites show that the model was able to reproduce the day-to-day variations of observed daily maximum 8-hour O-3 and captured the majority (73%) of observed daily maximum 8-hour O-3 within a factor of 1.5 with normalized mean bias of 22%. The model in general reproduced O-3 vertical distributions on most of the days at low altitudes, but consistent overestimations above similar to 6 km are evident because of a combination of effects related to the specifications of lateral boundary conditions from the Global Forecast System (GFS) as well as the model's coarse vertical resolution in the upper free troposphere. The model captured the vertical variation patterns of the observed values for other parameters (HNO3, SO2, NO2, HCHO, and NOy- sum (NOy- sum = NO + NO2 + HNO3 + PAN)) with some exceptions, depending on the studied areas and air mass characteristics. The consistent underestimation of CO by similar to 30% from surface to high altitudes is partly attributed to the inadequate representation of the transport of pollution associated with Alaska forest fires from outside the domain. The model exhibited good performance for marine or continental clear airflows from the east/north/northwest/south and southwest flows influenced only by Boston city plumes but overestimation for southeast flows influenced by the long-range transport of urban plumes from both New York City and Boston. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D12 AR D12S14 DI 10.1029/2006JD007715 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AW UT WOS:000246846900001 ER PT J AU Kidd, KA Blanchfield, PJ Mills, KH Palace, VP Evans, RE Lazorchak, JM Flick, RW AF Kidd, Karen A. Blanchfield, Paul J. Mills, Kenneth H. Palace, Vince P. Evans, Robert E. Lazorchak, James M. Flick, Robert W. TI Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE endocrine disrupters; fathead minnow; municipal wastewaters; population-level effects; whole-lake experiment ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION; WASTE-WATER; FATHEAD MINNOWS; LIFE-CYCLE; WILD; LAKE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETHYNYLESTRADIOL; IDENTIFICATION AB Municipal wastewaters are a complex mixture containing estrogens and estrogen mimics that are known to affect the reproductive health of wild fishes. Male fishes downstream of some wastewater out falls produce vitellogenin (VTG) (a protein normally synthesized by females during oocyte maturation) and early-stage eggs in their testes, and this feminization has been attributed to the presence of estrogenic substances such as natural estrogens [estrone or 17 beta-estradiol (E2)], the synthetic estrogen used in birth-control pills [17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2)], or weaker estrogen mimics such as nonylphenol in the water. Despite widespread evidence that male fishes are being feminized, it is not known whether these low-level, chronic exposures adversely impact the sustainability of wild populations. We conducted a 7-year, wholelake experiment at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in northwestern Ontario, Canada, and showed that chronic exposure of fathead minnow (Pimephalespromelas) to low concentrations (5-6 ng-L-1) of the potent 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol led to feminization of males through the production of vitellogenin mRNA and protein, impacts on gonadal development as evidenced by intersex in males and altered oogenesis in females, and, ultimately, a near extinction of this species from the lake. Our observations demonstrate that the concentrations of estrogens and their mimics observed in freshwaters can impact the sustainability of wild fish populations. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. US EPA, Mol Indicators Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kidd, KA (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, St John, NB E2E 4P1, Canada. EM kiddk@unbsj.ca OI Kidd, Karen/0000-0002-5619-1358; Mills, Kingston/0000-0003-3646-8222; Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 30 TC 764 Z9 785 U1 147 U2 695 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 21 BP 8897 EP 8901 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609568104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173DM UT WOS:000246853700040 PM 17517636 ER PT J AU Pour-Biazar, A McNider, RT Roselle, SJ Suggs, R Jedlovec, G Byun, DW Kim, S Lin, CJ Ho, TC Haines, S Dornblaser, B Cameron, R AF Pour-Biazar, Arastoo McNider, Richard T. Roselle, Shawn J. Suggs, Ron Jedlovec, Gary Byun, Daewon W. Kim, Soontae Lin, C. J. Ho, Thomas C. Haines, Stephanie Dornblaser, Bright Cameron, Robert TI Correcting photolysis rates on the basis of satellite observed clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE PHYSICAL MODEL; SOLAR-RADIATION; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; ABSORPTION; PROFILES; SURFACE; URBAN AB [1] Clouds can significantly affect photochemical activities in the boundary layer by altering radiation intensity, and therefore their correct specification in the air quality models is of outmost importance. In this study we introduce a technique for using the satellite observed clouds to correct photolysis rates in photochemical models. This technique was implemented in EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) and was tested over a 10 day period in August 2000 that coincided with the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS). The simulations were performed at 4 and 12 km grid size domains over Texas, extending east to Mississippi, for the period of 24 to 31 August 2000. The results clearly indicate that inaccurate cloud prediction in the model can significantly alter the predicted atmospheric chemical composition within the boundary layer and exaggerate or underpredict ozone concentration. Cloud impact is acute and more pronounced over the emission source regions and can lead to large errors in the model predictions of ozone and its by-products. At some locations the errors in ozone concentration reached as high as 60 ppb which was mostly corrected by the use of our technique. Clouds also increased the lifetime of ozone precursors leading to their transport out of the source regions and causing further ozone production down-wind. Longer lifetime for nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and its transport over regions high in biogenic hydrocarbon emissions ( in the eastern part of the domain) led to increased ozone production that was missing in the control simulation. Over Houston-Galveston Bay area, the presence of clouds altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere and reduced the net surface removal of reactive nitrogen compounds. Use of satellite observed clouds significantly improved model predictions in areas impacted by clouds. Errors arising from an inconsistency in the cloud fields can impact the performance of photochemical models used for case studies as well as for air quality forecasting. Air quality forecast models often use the model results from the previous forecast ( or some adjusted form of it) for the initialization of the new forecast. Therefore such errors can propagate into the future forecasts, and the use of observed clouds in the preparation of initial concentrations for air quality forecasting could be beneficial. C1 Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Houston, Inst Multidimens Air Qual Studies, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Gulf Mexico OCS Reg, Minerals Management Serv, New Orleans, LA 70123 USA. Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX 78711 USA. Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pour-Biazar, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM biazar@nsstc.uah.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013 OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10302 DI 10.1029/2006JD007422 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 172XU UT WOS:000246838900002 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Shelver, WL AF Van Emon, Jeanette M. Shelver, Weilin L. TI Introduction, recent advances in immunochemistry and their application to agrochemicals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. USDA, Fargo, ND 58015 USA. RP Van Emon, JM (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3749 EP 3749 DI 10.1021/jf070251s PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200001 PM 17455955 ER PT J AU Lavrich, RJ Hays, MD AF Lavrich, Richard J. Hays, Michael D. TI Validation studies of thermal Extraction-GC/MS applied to source emissions aerosols. 1. Semivolatile analyte-nonvolatile matrix interactions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AIR-POLLUTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DESORPTION GC/MS; DIESEL EXHAUST; GAS-PHASE; QUANTIFICATION AB In this work, we develop a novel validation approach for studying how nonvolatile aerosol matrixes of considerably different chemical composition potentially affect the thermal extraction (TE)-GC/MS quantification of a wide range of trace semivolatile organic markers. The nonvolatile matrixes of a set of source emissions aerosols are first operationally isolated by thermally clearing the aerosols of their native semivolatile organic matter. TE-GC/MS analysis is then performed in triplicate on matrixes refortified with multilevel organic compound standard suites. The spiking of empty thermal extraction tubes and blank quartz filters is introduced as experimental control and also allows for the calculation of method detection limits. For the vast majority of organic compounds fortifying the matrixes (e.g., the alkane, alkene, cycloalkane, sterane, and phthalate classes), the analytical bias observed was classified as either minor or nonexistent. Furthermore, compound recoveries were generally highly reproducible, demonstrating relative standard deviations of less than 20%. For a diesel engine exhaust sample, significant matrix effects for the six- and seven-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are observed and ascribed to the high proportion of elemental carbon in the sample. Our results suggest that TE-GC/MS may underestimate inhalation exposures to PAHs (with 5 rings or more) in atmospheric aerosols replete with diesel engine exhaust (e.g., near roadways or in polluted urban air). Due to its stability and representativeness, the use of a thermally cleared particulate matter matrix for validation purposes is probably expandable to additional sample pretreatment and instrumental techniques also being applied to quantify organic molecular markers in source and atmospheric aerosols. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 10 BP 3635 EP 3645 DI 10.1021/ac0623282 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 166XO UT WOS:000246414400015 PM 17425284 ER PT J AU Fare, R Grosskopf, S Pasurka, CA AF Fare, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Pasurka, Carl A., Jr. TI Pollution abatement activities and traditional productivity SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern-Economic-Association CY NOV 22, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP So Econ Assoc DE electric power plants; environmental technology; joint production; pollution abatement activities; productivity; weak disposability ID INDUSTRY; GROWTH AB This study models the joint production of good and bad output production and calculates traditional productivity when bad output production is regulated and when it is unregulated. We apply this model to data for U.S. coal-fired electric power plants for 1985-1995 and compare rates of productivity and technical change to gain an understanding of the association between pollution abatement activities and traditional rates of productivity and technical change. While traditional productivity and technical change associated with abatement activities decline, we conclude they are not statistically significant. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pasurka, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat 1809T, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pasurka.carl@epa.gov RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; GROSSKOPF , Shawnax/H-4031-2013; Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3-4 BP 673 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.08.014 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 176JD UT WOS:000247080100029 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Enhanced corrosion-based Pd/Mg bimetallic systems for dechlorination of PCBs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; RAPID DECHLORINATION; METAL-CATALYSTS; PARTICLES; MAGNESIUM; POLYCHLOROBIPHENYLS; QUANTIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; PD/FE; DDT AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic pollutants notorious for their aquatic and sedimentary prevalence and recalcitrant nature. Bimetallic systems like Pd/Fe have been widely studied for degrading them. Mg, with oxidation potential higher than Fe, has been reported to dechlorinate PCBs in conjunction with K2PdCl6-systems that are distinct from Pd/Mg bimetals. This study primarily aims to evaluate Pd/Mg bimetallic systems for dechlorinating 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-ClBP), a model PCB. Candidacy of Mg is based on its unique corrosion properties that afford synthesis and storage under ambient conditions and application-based advantages. A simple wet-chemistry procedure was developed to synthesize Pd/Mg particles with 0.11-1.62% Pd content and nanoscale Pd-islands as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Aqueous 2-ClBP matrices were effectively degraded using these particles, the dechlorination kinetics showing linear dependence on the total Pd content. The pH profile obtained with varying bimetallic content led to useful insights into the unique behavior of Mg surface. A carbon mole balance showed 85-105% recoveries. Performance of the Pd/Mg particles in PCB spiked clays and sediment suggests that they may work well in such systems. Finally, a mechanism for PCB dechlorination in Pd/Mg systems was proposed. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 26 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3722 EP 3727 DI 10.1021/es062886y PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166IG UT WOS:000246371800057 PM 17547203 ER PT J AU Drake, JW AF Drake, John W. TI Mutations in clusters and showers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTIPLE MUTATIONS; RATES; MICE C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Drake, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM drake@niehs.nih.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 20 BP 8203 EP 8204 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703089104 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169NW UT WOS:000246599900003 PM 17495029 ER PT J AU Lowry, J Ramsey, RD Thomas, K Schrupp, D Sajwaj, T Kirby, J Waller, E Schrader, S Falzarano, S Langs, L Manis, G Wallace, C Schulz, K Comer, P Pohs, K Rieth, W Velasquez, C Wolk, B Kepner, W Boykin, K O'Brien, L Bradford, D Thompson, B Prior-Magee, J AF Lowry, J. Ramsey, R. D. Thomas, K. Schrupp, D. Sajwaj, T. Kirby, J. Waller, E. Schrader, S. Falzarano, S. Langs, L. Manis, G. Wallace, C. Schulz, K. Comer, P. Pohs, K. Rieth, W. Velasquez, C. Wolk, B. Kepner, W. Boykin, K. O'Brien, L. Bradford, D. Thompson, B. Prior-Magee, J. TI Mapping moderate-scale land-cover over very large geographic areas within a collaborative framework: A case study of the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE large-area mapping; meso-scale mapping; moderate scale mapping; land-cover mapping; vegetation mapping; Southwestern US; collaborative projects; remote sensing; decision tree classifiers; geographic information systems; Gap Analysis Program (GAP) ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MAP ACCURACY; NEW-YORK; CLASSIFICATION; CLASSIFIERS; VEGETATION; IMAGERY; TREES AB Land-cover mapping efforts within the USGS Gap Analysis Program have traditionally been state-centered; each state having the responsibility of implementing a project design for the geographic area within their state boundaries. The Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) was the first formal GAP project designed at a regional, multi-state scale. The project area comprises the southwestern states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The land-cover map/dataset was generated using regionally consistent geospatial data (Landsat ETM+ imagery (1999-2001) and DEM derivatives), similar field data collection protocols, a standardized land-cover legend, and a common modeling approach (decision tree classifier). Partitioning of mapping responsibilities amongst the five collaborating states was organized around ecoregion-based "mapping zones". Over the course of 2(1)/(2) field seasons approximately 93,000 reference samples were collected directly, or obtained from other contemporary projects, for the land-cover modeling effort. The final map was made public in 2004 and contains 125 land-cover classes. An internal validation of 85 of the classes, representing 91% of the land area was performed. Agreement between withheld samples and the validated dataset was 61% (KHAT=.60, n = 17,030). This paper presents an overview of the methodologies used to create the regional land-cover dataset and highlights issues associated with large-area mapping within a coordinated, multi-institutional management framework. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Remote Sensing GIS Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, ESD, LEB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Nat Serve, Boulder, CO USA. USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Habitat Resources Sect, Denver, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS, BRD Gap Anal Program, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Lowry, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Remote Sensing GIS Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jlowry@gis.usu.edu; doug.ramsey@usu.edu RI Ramsey, R. Douglas/D-3504-2009; Boykin, Kenneth/D-2863-2009 OI Boykin, Kenneth/0000-0001-6381-0463 NR 44 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 162KO UT WOS:000246086200005 ER PT J AU Ryaboshapko, A Bullock, OR Christensen, J Cohen, M Dastoor, A Ilyin, I Petersen, G Syrakov, D Travnikov, O Artz, RS Davignon, D Draxler, RR Munthe, J Pacyna, J AF Ryaboshapko, Alexey Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Christensen, Jesper Cohen, Mark Dastoor, Ashu Ilyin, Ilia Petersen, Gerhard Syrakov, Dimiter Travnikov, Oleg Artz, Richard S. Davignon, Didier Draxler, Roland R. Munthe, John Pacyna, Jozef TI Intercomparison study of atmospheric mercury models: 2. Modelling results vs. long-term observations and comparison of country deposition budgets SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; numerical modelling; model intercomparison; transport and deposition; transboundary pollution; uncertainty ID TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN EUROPE; EMISSIONS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; PROJECT; SITES; SOIL AB Five regional scale models with a horizontal domain covering the European continent and its surrounding seas, two hemispheric and one global scale model participated in the atmospheric Hg modelling intercomparison study. The models were compared between each other and with available measurements from 11 monitoring stations of the EMEP measurement network. Because only a very limited number of long-term measurement records of Hg were available, significant attention was given to the intercomparison of modelling results. Monthly and annually averaged values of Hg concentrations and depositions as well as items of the Hg deposition budgets for individual European countries were compared. The models demonstrated good agreement (within +/- 20%) between annual modelled and observed values of gaseous elemental Hg. Modelled values of Hg wet deposition in Western and Central Europe agreed with the observations within +/- 45%. The probability to predict wet depositions within a factor of 2 with regard to measurements was 50-70% for all the models. The scattering of modelling results for dry depositions of Hg was more significant (up to +/- 50% at the annual scale and even higher for monthly data). Contribution of dry deposition to the total Hg deposition was estimated at 20-30% with elevated dry deposition fluxes during summer time. The participating models agree in their predictions of transboundary pollution for individual countries within +/- 60% at the monthly scale and within +/- 30% at the annual scale. For the cases investigated, all the models predict that the major part of national anthropogenic Hg emissions is transported outside the country territory. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EMEP, Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr E, Moscow 125040, Russia. US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmosphere Environm, Roskilde, Denmark. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Air Qual Res Branch, Dorval, PQ, Canada. GKSS, Res Ctr, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Sofia 1785, Bulgaria. Swedish Environm Res Inst, S-40758 Gothenburg, Sweden. Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Travnikov, O (reprint author), EMEP, Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr E, Leningradsky Pr 16-2, Moscow 125040, Russia. EM oleg.travnikov@msceast.org RI Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015 OI Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 377 IS 2-3 BP 319 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.071 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175PD UT WOS:000247024600019 PM 17367845 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Howdeshell, KL Lambright, CS Furr, J Gray, LE AF Wilson, Vickie S. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Lambright, Christy S. Furr, Johnathan Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Differential expression of the phthalate syndrome in male Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats after in utero DEHP exposure SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE phthalate syndromes; testosterone; insulin-like factor 3; epididymal agenesis; gubernacular agenesis ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; RELAXIN-LIKE FACTOR; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; LATE-GESTATION; FETAL-RAT; CRYPTORCHIDISM; INSL3; RECEPTOR; TESTIS; LGR8 AB Exposure to phthalate esters during sexual differentiation disrupts testosterone and insulin-like three hormones resulting in malformations of androgen- and insulin-like three-dependent tissues. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that gubernacular lesions would be more prevalent in the DEHP-treated (750 mg/kg/day, gestational days 14-18) Wistar male than in the SD rat offspring, whereas the SD rat would display a higher incidence of epididymal agenesis. As hypothesized, striking differences were seen in the incidences of epididymal (67% in SD versus 8% in Wistar) and gubernacular lesions (0% in SD versus 64% in Wistar) among the two strains. In addition, fetal androgen and insl3 mRNA levels differed among the strains. SD fetal mates had higher insl3 mRNA and lower T levels than Wistar males. The ratio of insl3 mRNA to T differed among DEHP-treated SD and Wistar fetal males, indicating that the steroidogenic pathway was more affected in the SID strain than in the Wistar strain. Taken together, these results suggest that the different malformation profiles produced by in utero phthalate treatment arise, at least in pan, from strain differences in fetal Leydig cell function and the manner in which these cells respond to DEHP treatment. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 170 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.03.004 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 176NR UT WOS:000247092600001 PM 17462840 ER PT J AU Colasanti, RL Hunt, R Watrud, L AF Colasanti, R. L. Hunt, R. Watrud, L. TI A simple cellular automaton model for high-level vegetation dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE cellular automata; vegetation dynamics; biodiversity; productivity ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; RESOURCE DYNAMICS; SPREAD; COMPETITION; SYSTEM; PLANTS AB We have produced a simple two-dimensional (ground-plan) cellular automata model of vegetation dynamics specifically to investigate high-level community processes. The model is probabilistic, with individual plant behavior determined by physiologically-based rules derived from a well-known system of plant functional types (the C-S-R system, based on environmental disturbance and resource availability). These plant types, when grown in real experiments with virtual communities, reproduce classical community-level behavior and, in complex communities simulated over a wide range of environmental conditions, produce a clearly 'hump-backed' curve linking plant diversity to community productivity. The properties of this curve invite many further layers of experimentation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Innovat Ctr, Exeter EX4 4RN, Devon, England. RP Colasanti, RL (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Ric.Colasanti@csiro.au NR 31 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 203 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.12.039 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163UX UT WOS:000246189800016 ER PT J AU Martins, AA Mata, TM Costa, CAV Sikdar, SK AF Martins, Antonio A. Mata, Teresa M. Costa, Carlos A. V. Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Framework for sustainability metrics SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROCESS INDEX; INDICATORS; INDUSTRY AB This work presents the application of a new framework for sustainability metrics to industrial processes, in particular, to chemical processes. The sustainability of an industrial process can be evaluated using a set of three-dimensional (3D) indicators that represent all three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, and societal. The four 3D metrics proposed in this worknamely, material intensity, energy intensity, potential chemical risk, and potential environmental impactare applicable to a wide range of process systems. The first two metrics are associated with the process operation. The remaining two metrics, potential chemical risk and potential environmental impact, respectively represent chemical risk to human health in the process environment, and the potential environmental impact of the process on the surrounding environment. To illustrate this framework and the applicability of the proposed set of 3D metrics, two case studies are presented: chlorine production process using three different alternatives (membrane, diaphragm, and mercury cells), and the separation of an acetone/chloroform mixture by two different solvents (benzene and methyl-n-pentyl-ether). Results of this study show that this framework can be effective in selecting the more-sustainable process by comparing process alternatives. C1 Univ Porto, Fac Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Martins, AA (reprint author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. EM amartins@fe.up.pt RI Martins, Antonio/I-4345-2013; Mata, Teresa/I-4364-2013; OI Martins, Antonio/0000-0002-4930-078X; Mata, Teresa/0000-0001-8696-8925; costa, carlos/0000-0003-3136-9049 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2962 EP 2973 DI 10.1021/ie0606921 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 163KB UT WOS:000246157400006 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Thibodeaux, JR Eastvold, ML Ehresman, DJ Bjork, JA Froehlich, JW Lau, CS Singh, RJ Wallace, KB Butenhoff, JL AF Chang, Shu-Ching Thibodeaux, Julie R. Eastvold, Mary L. Ehresman, David J. Bjork, James A. Froehlich, John W. Lau, Christopher S. Singh, Ravinder J. Wallace, Kendall B. Butenhoff, John L. TI Negative bias from analog methods used in the analysis of free thyroxine in rat serum containing perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS); thyroid hormones; analog method; equilibrium dialysis; negative bias; rats ID CAPACITY-DEPENDENT BIAS; FATTY-ACID-BINDING; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS; MALIC ENZYME; MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS; NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS; SULFONATE PFOS; ASSAY-METHODS; IMMUNOASSAYS AB Decreases in serum total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4) without a compensatory rise in thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin or TSH) or histological changes of the thyroid have been observed in studies with perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) treatments in rats. Prior observations do not fit the clinical profile of a hypothyroid state. PFOS is known to compete with fatty acids for albumin binding, and serum free fatty acids (FFA) are known to interfere with FT4 measurement using analog methods due to competition for protein binding. Therefore, we hypothesized that measured decreases in serum FT4 by analog methods in the presence of PFOS were due to carrier protein binding interference. We compared FT4 analog assay methods with a reference method using equilibrium dialysis (ED-RIA) for FT4 measurement in rat sera in vitro and in vivo. We also measured hepatic malic enzyme mRNA transcripts and activity as a marker for hepatic thyroid hormone response. PFOS did not reduce serum TT4 and Fr4 in vitro at concentrations up to 200 mu M. After three daily 5 mg/kg oral doses of potassium PFOS to female rats, serum TSH and Fr4 by ED-RIA were unchanged (although FT4 determined by two common analog methods was decreased), and malic enzyme was not suppressed. These data suggest that prior reports of reduced free thyroid hormone in the presence of PFOS were due to negative bias in analog methods and that short-term PFOS treatment does not suppress the physiological thyroid status in rats. A reference method such as ED-RIA should be used for determination of serum FT4 in the presence of PFOS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN 55095 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Pace Analyt Serv Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Butenhoff, JL (reprint author), 3M Co, Dept Med, 3M Ctr 220-06-W-08, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM stanaka@mmm.com; jthibode@med.unc.edu; mary.eastvold@mayo.edu; djehresman@mmm.com; toxlab@d.umn.edu; jwfroehlich@ucdavis.edu; lau.christopher@epa.gov; singh.ravinder@mayo.edu; kwallace@d.umn.edu; jlbutenhoff@mmm.com NR 70 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.01.020 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 165AI UT WOS:000246275800003 PM 17368689 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC Farmer, JD Jarema, KA AF MacPhail, R. C. Farmer, J. D. Jarema, K. A. TI Effects of acute and weekly episodic exposures to anatoxin-a on the motor activity of rats: Comparison with nicotine SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anatoxin-a; episodic exposure; motor activity; nicotine; rat ID LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; POTENT AGONIST; ION-CHANNEL; RECEPTOR; (+)-ANATOXIN-A; SENSITIZATION; HORMONES; BRAIN AB Anatoxin-a is a naturally occurring nicotinic agonist produced by cyanobacterial blooms; exposures are likely to occur episodically when the blooms repeatedly form and dissipate. Tolerance and sensitization to nicotine's effects on the motor activity of rats can occur when administered episodically at weekly intervals. It was therefore of interest to compare the effects of anatoxin-a and nicotine when given weekly. Adult male Long Evans rats were tested daily (M-F) in a photocell device, that recorded both horizontal and vertical motor activity, during 30-min sessions. Anatoxin-a and nicotine were given s.c. once a week for 4 weeks, just prior to a test session. Anatoxin-a was given as the (+) isomer and as the racemate. Dose ranges were: (+)anatoxin-a, 0.075-0.225 mg/kg; (+/-)anatoxin-a, 0.2-0.95 mg/kg; and (-)-nicotine, 0.3-1.8 mg/kg. Each experiment also included a saline-control group. Nicotine initially decreased both horizontal activity and, to a greater extent, vertical activity. Tolerance developed to nicotine's effects with weekly administration. Both forms of anatoxin-a also initially decreased horizontal and vertical activity, and to roughly equivalent degrees. Neither form of anatoxin-a, however, induced tolerance with weekly administration. Thus, anatoxin-a and nicotine can be distinguished by their effects on motor activity with episodic treatment, suggesting different sites of action for the compounds in the nervous system. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP MacPhail, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Macphail.robert@epa.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.02.001 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 165AI UT WOS:000246275800009 PM 17367909 ER PT J AU Chen, HL O'Reilly, E McCullough, ML Rodriguez, C Schwarzschild, MA Calle, EE Thun, MJ Ascherio, A AF Chen, Honglei O'Reilly, Ellis McCullough, Marjorie L. Rodriguez, Carmen Schwarzschild, Michael A. Calle, Eugenia E. Thun, Michael J. Ascherio, Alberto TI Consumption of dairy products and risk of Parkinson's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dairy products; diet; milk; Parkinson disease ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIETY CANCER PREVENTION; URIC-ACID LEVELS; ENDOGENOUS AMINE; DIETARY FACTORS; COHORT; BRAIN; MEN; 1-BENZYL-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE; TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE AB The authors prospectively investigated the association between intake of dairy products and risk of Parkinson's disease among 57,689 men and 73,175 women from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study 11 Nutrition Cohort. A total of 250 men and 138 women with Parkinson's disease were identified during follow-up (1992-2001). Dairy product consumption was positively associated with risk of Parkinson's disease: Compared with the lowest intake quintile, the corresponding relative risks for quintiles 2-5 were 1.4, 1.4, 1.4, and 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.2; p for trend = 0.05). A higher risk among dairy product consumers was found in both men and women, although the association in women appeared nonlinear. Meta-analysis of all prospective studies confirmed a moderately elevated risk of Parkinson's disease among persons with high dairy product consumption: For extreme intake categories, relative risks were 1.6 (95 percent CI: 1.3, 2.0) for both sexes, 1.8 for men (95 percent CI: 1.4, 2.4), and 1.3 for women (95 percent CI: 0.8, 2.1). These data suggest that dairy consumption may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease, particularly in men. More studies are needed to further examine these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Ascherio, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2,Room 335, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101986-02]; NINDS NIH HHS [K08 NS048468, NS48468] NR 29 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 9 BP 998 EP 1006 DI 10.1093/aje/kwk089 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 159VY UT WOS:000245896900004 PM 17272289 ER PT J AU Awumey, EM Howlett, AC Putney, JW Diz, DI Bukoski, RD AF Awumey, Emmanuel M. Howlett, Allyn C. Putney, James W., Jr. Diz, Debra I. Bukoski, Richard D. TI Ca2+ mobilization through dorsal root ganglion Ca2+-sensing receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desensitization; protein kinase C ID CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; BOVINE PARATHYROID CELLS; CA2+-INDUCED RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; HORMONE-SECRETION AB The rat dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) Ca2+-sensing receptor ( CaR) was stably expressed in- frame as an enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP) fusion protein in human embryonic kidney ( HEK) 293 cells, and is functionally linked to changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([ Ca2+](i)). RT- PCR analysis indicated the presence of the message for the DRG CaR cDNA. Western blot analysis of membrane proteins showed a doublet of 168 - 175 and 185 kDa, consistent with immature and mature forms of the CaR. EGFP fusion protein, respectively. Increasing extracellular [ Ca2+] ([ Ca2+](e)) from 0.5 to 1 mM resulted in increases in [ Ca2+](i) levels, which were blocked by 30 mu M 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate. [ Ca2+](e)- response studies indicate a Ca2+-sensitivity with an EC50 of 1.75 +/- 0.10 mM. NPS R- 467 and Gd3+ activated the CaR. When [ Ca2+](e) was successively raised from 0.25 to 4 mM, peak [ Ca2+](i), attained with 0.5 mM, was reduced by similar to 50%. Similar reductions were observed with repeated applications of 10 mM Ca2+, 1 and 10 mu M NPS R- 467, or 50 and 100 mu MGd3+, indicating desensitization of the response. Furthermore, Ca2+ mobilization increased phosphorylated protein kinase C ( PKC)alpha levels in the cells. However, the PKC activator, phorbol myristate acetate did not inhibit CaR-mediated Ca2+ signaling. Rather, a spectrum of PKC inhibitors partially reduced peak responses to Ca-e(2+). Treatment of cells with 100 nM PMA for 24 h, to downregulate PKC, reduced [ Ca2+](i) transients by 49.9 +/- 5.2% ( at 1 mM Ca-2(+)) and 40.5 +/- 6.5% ( at 2 mM Ca-2(+)), compared with controls. The findings suggest involvement of PKC in the pathway for Ca-2(+) mobilization following CaR activation. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Julius L Chambers Biomed Biotechnol Res Inst, Cardiovasc Dis Res Program, Durham, NC 27707 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Julius L Chambers Biomed Biotechnol Res Inst, Neurosci Drug Abuse Res Program, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Hypertens Vasc Dis Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Awumey, EM (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Julius L Chambers Biomed Biotechnol Res Inst, Cardiovasc Dis Res Program, 700 George St, Durham, NC 27707 USA. EM eawumey@nccu.edu OI Howlett, Allyn/0000-0002-2810-0164 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL-64761, 5UH1 HL-05968] NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 292 IS 5 BP C1895 EP C1905 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00404.2006 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 188RH UT WOS:000247936500035 PM 17267550 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, T Ito, Y Wijeweera, J Liu, J Malle, E Farhood, A McCuskey, RS Jaeschke, H AF Hasegawa, Tadashi Ito, Yoshiya Wijeweera, Jayanthika Liu, Jie Malle, Ernst Farhood, Anwar McCuskey, Robert S. Jaeschke, Hartmut TI Reduced inflammatory response and increased microcirculatory disturbances during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic livers of ob/ob mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver blood flow; microvascular dysfunction; heme oxygenase-1; neutrophils; hypochlorous acid; steatosis ID HYPOCHLORITE-MODIFIED PROTEINS; CD4(+) T-LYMPHOCYTES; ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY; RAT-LIVER; HEME OXYGENASE-1; KUPFFER CELLS; FATTY LIVER; THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES; SUPEROXIDE GENERATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AB Steatosis is a major risk factor for complications after liver surgery. Since neutrophil cytotoxicity is critical for ischemia-reperfusion injury in normal livers, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether an exaggerated inflammatory response could cause the increased injury in steatotic livers. In C57B1/6 mice, 60 min of warm hepatic ischemia triggered a gradual increase in hepatic neutrophil accumulation during reperfusion with peak levels of 100- fold over baseline at 12 h of reperfusion. Neutrophil extravasation and a specific neutrophil-induced oxidant stress ( immunostaining for hypochlorous acid- modified epitopes) started at 6 h of reperfusion and peaked at 12 - 24 h. Ob/ob mice, which had a severe macrovesicular steatosis, suffered significantly higher injury ( alanine transaminase activity: 18,000 +/- 2,100 U/1; 65% necrosis) compared with lean littermates ( alanine transaminase activity: 4,900 +/- 720 U/1; 24% necrosis) at 6 h of reperfusion. However, 62% fewer neutrophils accumulated in steatotic livers. This correlated with an attenuated increase in mRNA levels of several proinflammatory genes in ob/ ob mice during reperfusion. In contrast, sham- operated ob/ ob mice had a 50% reduction in liver blood flow and 35% fewer functional sinusoids compared with lean littermates. These deficiencies in liver blood flow and the microcirculation were further aggravated only in ob/ ob mice during reperfusion. The attenuated inflammatory response and reduced neutrophil- induced oxidant stress observed in steatotic livers during reperfusion cannot be responsible for the dramatically increased injury in ob/ ob mice. In contrast, the aggravated injury appears to be mediated by ischemic necrosis due to massive impairment of blood and oxygen supply in the steatotic livers. C1 Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Liver Res Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Tucson, AZ USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Med Univ Graz, Ctr Mol Med, Inst Mol Biol & Biochem, Graz, Austria. Brackenridge Hosp, Dept Pathol, Austin, TX USA. RP Hasegawa, T (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, 3901 Rainbow Blvd,MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM hjaeschke@kumc.edu RI Malle, Ernst/D-3071-2013 FU Austrian Science Fund FWF [P 17013]; Intramural NIH HHS; NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA012436, AA-12436, AA-12916, R01 AA012916, R56 AA012916]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-070195, R01 DK070195] NR 54 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 292 IS 5 BP G1385 EP G1395 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2006 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 188RA UT WOS:000247935800022 PM 17307725 ER PT J AU Imahashi, K Mraiche, F Steenbergen, C Murphy, E Fliegel, L AF Imahashi, Kenichi Mraiche, Fatima Steenbergen, Charles Murphy, Elizabeth Fliegel, Larry TI Overexpression of the Na+/H+ exchanger and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the myocardium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic mice; sodium/hydrogen exchange; intracellular pH; intracellular sodium ID SODIUM-HYDROGEN EXCHANGER; DIABETIC-RAT HEARTS; H+ EXCHANGE; INTRACELLULAR PH; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; CARDIAC ISCHEMIA; MOUSE HEART; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; CARIPORIDE AB In the myocardium, the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) activity is detrimental during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing increased intracellular Na+ (Na-i(+)) accumulation that results in subsequent Ca2+ overload. We tested the hypothesis that increased expression of NHE1 would accentuate myocardial I/R injury. Transgenic mice were created that increased the Na+/H+ exchanger activity specifically in the myocardium. Intact hearts from transgenic mice at 10-15 wk of age showed no change in heart performance, resting intracellular pH (pH(i)) or phosphocreatine/ ATP levels. Transgenic and wild-type (WT) hearts were subjected to 20 min of ischemia followed by 40 min of reperfusion. Surprisingly, the percent recovery of rate-pressure product (%RPP) after I/R improved in NHE1-overexpressing hearts (64 +/- 5% vs. 41 +/- 5% in WT; P < 0.05). In addition, NMR spectroscopy revealed that NHE1 overexpressor hearts contained higher ATP during early reperfusion (levels P < 0.05), and there was no difference in Na+ accumulation during I/R between transgenic and WT hearts. HOE642 (cariporide), an NHE1 inhibitor, equivalently protected both WT and NHE1-overexpressing hearts. When hearts were perfused with bicarbonate-free HEPES buffer to eliminate the contribution of HCO3- transporters to pHi regulation, there was no difference in contractile recovery after reperfusion between controls and transgenics, but NHE1-overexpressing hearts showed a greater decrease in ATP during ischemia. These results indicate that the basal activity of NHE1 is not rate limiting in causing damage during I/R, therefore, increasing the level of NHE1 does not enhance injury and can have some small protective effects. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Imahashi, K (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada. EM lfiegel@ualberta.ca FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL039752] NR 48 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 292 IS 5 BP H2237 EP H2247 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00855.2006 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 186KI UT WOS:000247777200027 PM 17209001 ER PT J AU Hunt, R Colasanti, RL AF Hunt, Roderick Colasanti, R. L. TI Self-assembling plants and integration across ecological scales SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 90th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America/9th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE self-assembling plants; cellular automata; vegetation dynamics; L-system; population; community; emergent properties; biodiversity ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATA MODELS; SPECIES RICHNESS; RESOURCE DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; DIVERSITY; DENSITY; SYSTEM; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES AB Background and Aims Although individual plants exhibit much complex behaviour in response to environmental stimuli, they appear to do so without any identifiable centres of organization. We review a special class of model with the aim of testing whether plants can effectively be self-assembling, modular-driven organisms, in the sense that whole-plant organization and behaviour emerges solely from the interactions of much smaller structural elements. We also review evidence that still higher-level behaviour, at the population and community levels of organization, can emerge from this same source. Methods In previous work we devised a special cellular automaton (CA) model of plant growth. This comprises a section depicting a two-dimensional plant in its above- and below-ground environments. The whole plant is represented by branching structures made up from identical 'modules'. The activity of these modules is driven by morphological, physiological and reproductive rulesets derived from comparative plant ecology, a feature which lends itself to experimentation at several ecological scales. Key Results From real experiments using virtual plants we show that the model can reproduce a very wide range of whole-plant-, population- and community-level behaviour. All of these properties emerge successfully from a ruleset acting only at the level of the CA module. Conclusions The CA model can, with advantage, be driven by C-S-R plant strategy theory. As this theory can ascribe a functional classification to any temperate angiosperm on the basis of a few simple tests, any community of such plants can be redescribed in terms of its 'functional signature' and the net environment that it experiences. To a valuable first approximation, therefore, a C-S-R version of the CA model can simulate the most essential properties both of natural vegetation and of its environment. We have thus achieved a position from which we can test a plethora of high-level community processes, such as diversity, vulnerability, resistance, resilience, stability, and habitat-community heterogeneity - processes which, if investigated on the scales truly required for a full understanding, would fall beyond the practical scope of even the largest real-life investigation. C1 Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Innovat Ctr, Exeter EX4 4RN, Devon, England. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. CSIRO, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Hunt, R (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Innovat Ctr, Rennes Dr, Exeter EX4 4RN, Devon, England. EM r.hunt@exeter.ac.uk NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1034 DI 10.1093/aob/mcm037 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 162WM UT WOS:000246120200023 PM 17452385 ER PT J AU Allen, JP Atekwana, EA Atekwana, EA Duris, JW Werkema, DD Rossbach, S AF Allen, Jonathan P. Atekwana, Estella A. Atekwana, Eliot A. Duris, Joseph W. Werkema, D. Dale Rossbach, Silvia TI The microbial community structure in petroleum-contaminated sediments corresponds to geophysical signatures SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROBABLE-NUMBER; ORGANIC-ACIDS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP NOV.; AQUIFER; HYDROCARBON; DIVERSITY; GROUNDWATER; BACTERIA; DEGRADATION AB The interdependence between geoelectrical signatures at underground petroleum plumes and the structures of subsurface microbial communities was investigated. For sediments contaminated with light non-aqueous-phase liquids, anomalous high conductivity values have been observed. Vertical changes in the geoelectrical properties of the sediments were concomitant with significant changes in the microbial community structures as determined by the construction and evaluation of 16S rRNA gene libraries. DNA sequencing of clones from four 16S rRNA gene libraries from different depths of a contaminated field site and two libraries from an uncontaminated background site revealed spatial heterogeneity in the microbial community structures. Correspondence analysis showed that the presence of distinct microbial populations, including the various hydrocarbon-degrading, syntrophic, sulfate-reducing, and dissimilatory-iron-reducing populations, was a contributing factor to the elevated geoelectrical measurements. Thus, through their growth and metabolic activities, microbial populations that have adapted to the use of petroleum as a carbon source can strongly influence their geophysical surroundings. Since changes in the geophysical properties of contaminated sediments parallel changes in the microbial community compositions, it is suggested that geoelectrical measurements can be a cost-efficient tool to guide microbiological sampling for microbial ecology studies during the monitoring of natural or engineered bioremediation processes. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, T Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Natl Expose Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Characterizat & Monitoring Branch,Environm Sci Di, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rossbach, S (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM Silvia.Rossbach@wmich.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109; atekwana, eliot/0000-0002-4934-650X NR 55 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2860 EP 2870 DI 10.1128/AEM.01752-06 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 164MQ UT WOS:000246238500013 PM 17351087 ER PT J AU Rose, LJ Rice, EW Hodges, L Peterson, A Arduino, MJ AF Rose, Laura J. Rice, Eugene W. Hodges, Lisa Peterson, Alicia Arduino, Matthew J. TI Monochloramine inactivation of bacterial select agents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE; CHLORAMINES; WATER AB Seven species of bacterial select agents were tested for susceptibility to monochloramine. Under test conditions, the monochloramine routinely maintained in potable water would reduce six of the species by 2 orders of magnitude within 4.2 h. Bacillus anthracis spores would require up to 3.5 days for the same inactivation with monochloramine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 E Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM lrose@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3437 EP 3439 DI 10.1128/AEM.00051-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500038 PM 17400782 ER PT J AU Balboni, G Onnis, V Congiu, C Zotti, M Sasaki, Y Ambo, A Bryant, SD Jinsmaa, Y Lazarus, LH Lazzari, I Trapella, C Salvadori, S AF Balboni, Gianfranco Onnis, Valentina Congiu, Cenzo Zotti, Margherita Sasaki, Yusuke Ambo, Akihiro Bryant, Sharon D. Jinsmaa, Yunden Lazarus, Lawrence H. Lazzari, Ilaria Trapella, Claudio Salvadori, Severo TI Further studies on the effect of lysine at the C-terminus of the Dmt-Tic opioid pharmacophore SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE delta-opioid receptors; Dmt-Tic pharmacophore; designed multiple ligands; opioid peptides ID IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; POTENT; SELECTIVITY; PEPTIDES; AFFINITY; AGONISTS; LIGANDS; DERIVATIVES; ANALOGS AB A wide range of activities are induced by Lys when introduced at C-terminus of the delta-opioid Dmt-Tic pharmacophore through the alpha-amine group, including: improved delta-antagonism, mu-agonism and p-antagonism. Here we report the synthesis of a new series of compounds with the general formula H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(CH2)(4)-CH(R)-R' (R = -NH2, -NH-Ac, -NH-Z; R'= CO-NH-Ph, -CO-NH-CH2-Ph, -Bid) in which Lys is linked to Dint-Tic through its side-chain amine group. All new compounds (1-9) displayed potent and selective delta-antagonism (MVD, pA(2) = 7.81-8.27), which was independent of the functionalized alpha-amine and carboxylic groups of C-terminal Lys. This behaviour suggests a direct application as a prototype intermediate, such as Boc-Dmt-Tic-epsilon-Lys(Z)OMe, which could be successfully applied in the synthesis (after Z or methyl ester removal) of unique designed multiple ligands containing the pharmacophore of the quintessential delta-antagonist Dmt-Tic and another opioid or biologically active non-opioid ligand. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818588, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Balboni, G (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. EM gbalboni@unica.it RI Onnis, Valentina/B-1649-2008; Trapella, Claudio/I-2128-2012; OI Onnis, Valentina/0000-0002-2438-725X; Trapella, Claudio/0000-0002-6666-143X; Congiu, Cenzo/0000-0003-2600-4221; SALVADORI, Severo/0000-0002-8224-2358 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES100472-07, Z01 ES090053-20, Z01 ES090053-21, Z01 ES100472-06, Z99 ES999999, ZIA ES090053-23, ZIA ES100472-09] NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 9 BP 3143 EP 3151 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.039 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 161GO UT WOS:000246002800005 PM 17339114 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Reddy, S Beard, WA Wilson, SH Schlick, T AF Wang, Yanli Reddy, Sujatha Beard, William A. Wilson, Samuel H. Schlick, Tamar TI Differing conformational pathways before and after chemistry for insertion of dATP versus dCTP opposite 8-OxoG in DNA polymerase beta SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-FIT MECHANISM; ACTIVE-SITE; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NUCLEOTIDE INCORPORATION; BIOMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FINGERS SUBDOMAIN; LANGEVIN DYNAMICS AB To elucidate how human DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) discriminates dATP from dCTP when processing 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), we analyze a series of dynamics simulations before and after the chemical step with dATP and dCTP opposite an 8-oxoG template started from partially open complexes of pol beta. Analyses reveal that the thumb closing of pol beta before chemistry is hampered when the incorrect nucleotide dATP is bound opposite 8-oxoG; the unfavorable interaction between active-site residue Tyr(271) and dATP that causes an anti to syn change in the 8-oxoG (syn):dATP complex explains this slow motion, in contrast to the 8-oxoG (anti): dCTP system. Such differences in conformational pathways before chemistry for mismatched versus matched complexes help explain the preference for correct insertion across 8-oxoG by pol beta. Together with reference studies with a nonlesioned G template, we propose that 8-oxoG leads to lower efficiency in pol beta's incorporation of dCTP compared with G by affecting the requisite active-site geometry for the chemical reaction before chemistry. Furthermore, because the active site is far from ready for the chemical reaction after partial closing or even full thumb closing, we suggest that pol b is tightly controlled not only by the chemical step but also by a closely related requirement for subtle active-site rearrangements after thumb movement but before chemistry. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10012 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schlick, T (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM schlick@nyu.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012692] NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 9 BP 3063 EP 3070 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.092106 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154YI UT WOS:000245544100015 PM 17293403 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Wolf, CJ Das, KP Schmid, JE Lau, CS AF Abbott, B. D. Wolf, C. J. Das, K. P. Schmid, J. E. Lau, C. S. TI The developmental toxicity of perfluorooetanoic acid (PFOA) in the mouse require expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptoralpha (PPAR) SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, RTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA 35 BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800036 ER PT J AU Richard, A Julien, E Yang, C AF Richard, A. Julien, E. Yang, C. TI Cheminformatic approaches in predictive toxicology SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Comp Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Int Life Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA W3 BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800083 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Pressman, JG Miltner, RJ Speth, TF Teuschler, LK Rice, GE Richardson, SD Best, DS Mcdonald, A Hunter, ES Simmons, JE AF Narotsky, M. G. Pressman, J. G. Miltner, R. J. Speth, T. F. Teuschler, L. K. Rice, G. E. Richardson, S. D. Best, D. S. Mcdonald, A. Hunter, E. S. Simmons, J. E. TI Gestational and lactational effects in rats of sodium, sulfate, and concentrated disinfection by-products in drinking water SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA P38 BP 425 EP 425 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800131 ER PT J AU Bukhari, Z Holt, DM Ware, MW Schaefer, FW AF Bukhari, Zia Holt, David M. Ware, Michael W. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Blind trials evaluating in vitro infectivity of Cryptosporidium oocysts using cell culture immunofluorescence SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; in vitro excystation; blind trials; infectivity; validation ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; WATER; VIABILITY; ASSAY; UV; INACTIVATION; ENUMERATION; GIARDIA; SURFACE AB An optimized cell culture immunofluorescence (IFA) procedure, using the HCT-8 cell line, was evaluated in blind trials to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of measuring the infectivity of flow-cytometry-prepared inocula of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. In separate trials, suspensions consisting of between 0% and 100% viable oocysts were prepared at the US Environmental Protection Agency, shipped to the American Water Laboratory, and analyzed blindly by cell culture IFA. Data indicated the control (100% live) oocyst suspensions yielded statistically similar results to cell culture dose-response curve data developed previously at the American Water Laboratory. For test samples containing oocyst suspensions of unknown infectivity, cell culture IFA analyses indicated a high degree of correlation (r(2) = 0.89; n = 26) with the values expected by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Cell culture infectivity correlates well with neonatal mouse infectivity assays, and these blind validation trials provide credibility for the cell culture IFA procedure as a cost-effective and expedient alternative to mouse infectivity assays for determining in vitro infectivity of C. parvum oocysts. C1 American Water, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. Thames Water, Reading RG2 OJN, Berks, England. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bukhari, Z (reprint author), American Water, 1025 Laurel Oak Rd, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. EM zia.bukhari@amwater.com NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1139/W07-032 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 199FV UT WOS:000248682500013 PM 17668024 ER PT J AU Trempus, CS Morris, RJ Ehinger, M Elmore, A Bortner, CD Ito, M Cotsarelis, G Nijhof, JGW Peckham, J Flagler, N Kissling, G Humble, MM King, LC Adams, LD Desai, D Amin, S Tennant, RW AF Trempus, Carol S. Morris, Rebecca J. Ehinger, Matthew Elmore, Amy Bortner, Carl D. Ito, Mayumi Cotsarelis, George Nijhof, Joanne G. W. Peckham, John Flagler, Norris Kissling, Grace Humble, Margaret M. King, Leon C. Adams, Linda D. Desai, Dhimant Amin, Shantu Tennant, Raymond W. TI CD34 expression by hair follicle stem cells is required for skin tumor development in mice SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LABEL-RETAINING CELLS; PROGENITOR CELLS; DNA-ADDUCTS; INTERFOLLICULAR EPIDERMIS; BIOCHEMICALLY DISTINCT; BULGE CELLS; L-SELECTIN; CARCINOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; MARKER AB The cell surface marker CD34 marks mouse hair follicle bulge cells, which have attributes of stem cells, including quiescence and multipotency. Using a CD34 knockout (KO) mouse, we tested the hypothesis that CD34 may participate in tumor development in mice because hair follicle stem cells are thought to be a major target of carcinogens in the two-stage model of mouse skin carcinogenesis. Following initiation with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), mice were promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 20 weeks. Under these conditions, CD34KO mice failed to develop papillomas. Increasing the initiating dose of DMBA to 400 nmol resulted in tumor development in the CD34KO mice, albeit with an increased latency and lower tumor yield compared with the wild-type (WT) strain. DNA adduct analysis of keratinocytes from DMBA-initiated CD34KO mice revealed that DMBA was metabolically activated into carcinogenic diol epoxides at both 200 and 400 nmol. Chronic exposure to TPA revealed that CD34KO skin developed and sustained epidermal hyperplasia. However, CD34KO hair follicles typically remained in telogen rather than transitioning into anagen growth, confirmed by retention of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled bulge stem cells within the hair follicle. Unique localization of the hair follicle progenitor cell marker MTS24 was found in interfollicular basal cells in TPA-treated WT mice, whereas staining remained restricted to the hair follicles of CD34KO mice, suggesting that progenitor cells migrate into epidermis differently between strains. These data show that CD34 is required for TPA-induced hair follicle stem cell activation and tumor formation in mice. C1 NIEHS, Canc Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Leiden, Netherlands. Penn State Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA USA. RP Trempus, CS (reprint author), NIEHS, Canc Biol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop F1-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM trempus@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA097957-05, CA97957, R01 CA097957] NR 57 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 9 BP 4173 EP 4181 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3128 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 165UC UT WOS:000246330300024 PM 17483328 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Coal Use Report SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s10098-007-0093-8 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IT UT WOS:000260825700003 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PN Lien, GJ Nichols, JW AF Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Lien, Gregory J. Nichols, John W. TI A compilation of in vitro rate and affinity values for xenobiotic biotransformation in fish, measured under physiological conditions SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fish; biotransformation; enzymes; affinity; rate ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; FLAVIN-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASE; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; LIVER ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; DEETHYLASE EROD ACTIVITY; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR AB Scientific literature from the past 25 years was searched to obtain in vitro biotransformation rate and affinity data for fish. To maximize the environmental relevance of this dataset, we focused on studies conducted at multiple substrate concentrations, and established acceptance criteria with respect to assay temperature and pH. Altogether, enzyme rate and affinity parameters are provided for 43 species and 77 compounds. In all but three instances, the reported reactions exhibited saturation at high substrate concentrations and could be used to calculate Michaelis-Menten rate (V-max) and affinity (K-m) constants. Most of this information was obtained using in vitro systems derived from liver tissue. Information from non-hepatic tissues was included, however, to provide a basis for comparisons among tissues. Where possible, in vitro enzyme parameters were examined to compare: (1) hepatic metabolism of a common substrate within a species, (2) hepatic metabolism of common substrates by different species, and (3) metabolism of a common substrate by different tissues of one species. Comparisons within species highlight a number of factors that may substantially influence xenobiotic metabolism in fish including gender, life stage, and acclimation temperature. Limited data suggest that V-max and K-m for the same reaction may vary by up to three orders of magnitude among species. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Fitzsimmons, PN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM fitzsimmons.patrick@epa.gov NR 125 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 145 IS 4 BP 485 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.12.011 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 174IJ UT WOS:000246935300001 PM 17360241 ER PT J AU Grossarth, SK Hecht, AD AF Grossarth, Shari K. Hecht, Alan D. TI Sustainability at the US Environmental Protection Agency: 1970-2020 SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE sustainability; sustainable development; US Environmental Protection Agency; EPA AB Perhaps reflecting the minor role that sustainability plays in EPA!s statutory mission, the agency has adapted to changing environmental issues in an often slow and uneven manner to make sustainability a key element of its environmental policy. This article uses the words of past and present EPA administrators to identify major themes contributing to sustainability and assesses how a regulatory agency created to address pollution control has evolved to face new problems resulting from population increases, urbanization, and global economic growth. EPA can enhance its role in promoting sustainability by redefining relationships with the regulated community, defining and measuring sustainable outcomes, using science to support sustainable decision-making, and promoting stewardship and collaborative problem solving. Between now and 2020, as key environmental questions relate ever more closely to sustainability, EPA can draw upon the best of its experience, knowledge, and resources to play a central role in leading the public and private sectors towards sustainability. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC USA. RP Hecht, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8101R,1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hecht.alan@epa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.09.011 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 182UK UT WOS:000247529300001 ER PT J AU Owens, W Gray, LE Zeiger, E Walker, M Yamasaki, K Ashby, J Jacob, E AF Owens, William Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Zeiger, Errol Walker, Michael Yamasaki, Kanji Ashby, John Jacob, Elard TI The OECD program to validate the rat Hershberger bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo androgen and antiandrogen responses: Phase 2 dose-response studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE androgen; antiandrogen; bulbocavernosus; Cowper's glands; DDE; endocrine disruption; Finasteride; glans penis; Hershberger; levator ani; seminal vesicles; linuron; methyl testosterone; procymidone; trenbolone; validation; ventral prostate; vinclozolin ID DEPENDENT REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; UTERO EXPOSURE; LINURON; VINCLOZOLIN; FINASTERIDE; FUNGICIDE; P,P'-DDE AB OBJECTIVE: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has completed phase 2 of an international program to validate the rodent Hershberger bioassay. DESIGN: The Hershberger bioassay is designed to identify suspected androgens and antiandringens based on changes in the weights of five androgen-responsive tissues (ventral prostate, paired seminal vesicles and coagulating glands, the levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles, the glans penis, and paired Cowper's or bulbourethral glands). Protocol sensitivity and reproducibility were tested using two androgen agonists (17 alpha-methyl testosterone and 17 beta-trenbolone), four antagonists [procymidone, vinclozolin, linuron, and 1,1-dichoro-2,2-bis-[(rho-chlorophenyl)ethylene (rho rho'-DDE)], and a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor (finasteride). Sixteen laboratories from seven countries participated in phase 2. RESULTS: In 40 of 41 studies, the laboratories successfully detected substance-related weight changes in one or more tissues. The one exception was with the weakest antiandrogen, linuron, in a laboratory with reduced sensitivity because of high coefficients of variation in all tissue weights. The protocols performed well under different experimental conditions (e.g., strain, diet, housing protocol, bedding, vehicle). There was good agreement and reproducibility among laboratories with regard to the lowest dose inducing significant effects on tissue weights. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the OECD Hershberger bioassay protocol is reproducible anal transferable across laboratories with androgen agonists, weak androgen antagonists, and a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. The next validation phase will employ coded test substances, including positive substances and negative substances having no androgenic or antiandrogenic activity. C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Errol Zeiger Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Chem Evaluat & Res Inst, Oita, Japan. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. BASF AG, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Germany. RP Owens, W (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM owens.jw@pg.com NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1289/ehp.9666 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900022 PM 17520051 ER PT J AU Mumford, JL Wu, KG Xia, YJ Kwok, R Wang, ZH Foster, J Sanders, WE AF Mumford, Judy L. Wu, Kegong Xia, Yajuan Kwok, Richard Wang, Zhihui Foster, James Sanders, William E., Jr. TI Chronic arsenic exposure and cardiac repolarization abnormalities with QT interval prolongation in a population-based study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; cardiac repolarization; cardiovascular effects; drinking water; nail; QT prolongation ID TORSADE-DE-POINTES; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; DRINKING-WATER; INNER-MONGOLIA; ARRHYTHMIA; TRIOXIDE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MECHANISMS; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Chronic arsenic exposure is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities. Prolongation of the QT. (time between initial deflection of QRS complex to the end of T wave) interval and profound repolarization changes on electrocardiogram (ECG) have been reported in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide. This acquired form of long QT syndrome can result in life-threatening arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the cardiac effects of arsenic by investigating QT interval alterations in a human population chronically exposed to arsenic. METHODS: Residents in Ba Men, Inner Mongolia, have been chronically exposed to arsenic via consumption of water from artesian wells. A total of 313 Ba Men residents with the mean arsenic exposure of 15 years were divided into three arsenic exposure groups: low (< 21 mu g/L), medium (100-300 mu/L), and high (430-690 mu/L). ECGs were obtained on all study subjects. The normal range for QTc (corrected QT) interval is 0.33-0.44 see, and QTc >= 0.45 see was considered to be prolonged. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of QT prolongation and water arsenic concentrations showed a dose-dependent relationship (p = 0.001). The prevalence rates of QTc prolongation were 3.9, 11.1, 20.6% for low, medium, and high arsenic exposure, respectively. QTc prolongation was also associated with sex (p < 0.0001) but not age (p = 0.486) or smoking (p = 0.1018). Females were more susceptible to QT prolongation than males. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant association between chronic arsenic exposure and QT prolongation in a human population. QT interval may potentially be useful in the 'detection of early cardiac arsenic toxicity. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Wake Heart Associates, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mumford, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mumford.judy@epa.gov RI Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017 OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360 NR 41 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 690 EP 694 DI 10.1289/ehp.9686 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900026 PM 17520054 ER PT J AU Yeatts, K Svendsen, E Creason, J Alexis, N Herbst, M Scott, J Kupper, L Williams, R Neas, L Cascio, W Devlin, RB Peden, DB AF Yeatts, Karin Svendsen, Erik Creason, John Alexis, Neil Herbst, Margaret Scott, James Kupper, Lawrence Williams, Ronald Neas, Lucas Cascio, Wayne Devlin, Robert B. Peden, David B. TI Coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) affects heart rate variability, blood lipids, and circulating eosinophils in adults with asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; coarse PM; heart rate variability; inflammatory markers; lipids; systemic inflammation ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; CARDIAC AUTONOMIC CONTROL; PHAGOCYTES IN-VIVO; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; ENDOTOXIN; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION AB INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether markers of airway and systemic inflammation, as well as heart rate variability (HRV) in asthmatics, change in response to fluctuations in ambient particulate matter (PM) in the coarse [PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5-10 mu M (PM2.5-10)] and fine (PM2.5) size range. METHODS: Twelve adult asthmatics, living within a 30-mile radius of an atmospheric monitoring site in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, were followed over a 12-week period. Daily PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured separately for each 24-hr period. Each subject had nine clinic visits, at which spirometric measures and peripheral blood samples for analysis of lipids, inflammatory cells, and coagulation-associated proteins were obtained. We also assessed HRV [SDNN24HR (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals in a 24-hr recording), ASDNN5 (mean of the standard deviation in A 5-min segments of a 24-hr recording)] with four consecutive 24-hr ambulatory electrocardiogram measurements. Linear mixed models with a spatial covariance matrix structure and a 1-day lag were used to assess potential associations between PM levels and cardio- pulmonary end points. RESULTS: For a 1-mu g/m(3) increase in coarse PM, SDNN24HR, and ASDNN5 decreased 3.36% (p 0.02), and 0.77%, (p = 0.05) respectively. With a 1-mu g/m(3) increase in coarse PM, circulating eosinophils increased 0.16% (p = 0.01), triglycerides increased 4.8% (p = 0.02), and very low-density lipoprotein increased 1.15% (p = 0.01). No significant associations were found with fine PM, and none with lung function. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that small temporal increases in ambient coarse PM are sufficient to affect important cardiopulmonary and lipid parameters in adults with asthma. Coarse PM may have underappreciated health effects in susceptible populations. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, CEMALB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Greenville, NC USA. RP Yeatts, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, CEMALB, Campus Box 7310,HSD Facil,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Karin_Yeatts@unc.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL062624, R01HL62624]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126, P30ES10126] NR 60 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 709 EP 714 DI 10.1289/ehp.9499 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900029 PM 17520057 ER PT J AU Paul, DS Harmon, AW Devesa, V Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Paul, David S. Harmon, Anne W. Devesa, Vicenta Thomas, David J. Styblo, Miroslav TI Molecular mechanisms of the diabetogenic effects of arsenic: Inhibition of insulin signaling by arsenite and methylarsonous acid SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; diabetes; glucose uptake; PDK-1; PKB/Akt ID KINASE-C-ZETA; 3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE-1; STIMULATED GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; PHENYLARSINE OXIDE; CELLULAR STRESS AB BACKGROUND: Increased prevalences of diabetes mellitus have been reported among individuals chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic (iAs). However, the mechanisms underlying the diabetogenic effects of iAs have not been characterized. We have previously shown that trivalent metabolites of iAs, arsenite (iAs(III)) and methylarsonous acid (MAsIII) inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISCU) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by suppressing the insulin-dependent phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for the suppression of PKB/Akt phosphorylation by iAs(III) and MAsIII. METHODS: The effects of iAsIII and MAS(III) on components of the insulin-activated signal transduction pathway that regulate PKB/Akt phosphorylation were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS: Subtoxic concentrations of iAs(III) or MAS(III) had little or no effect on the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), which synthesizes phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3), or on phosphorylation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten), a PIP3 phosphatase. Neither iAs(III) nor MAsIII interfered with the phosphorylation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) located downstream from PI-3K. However, PDK-1 activity was inhibited by both iAs(III) and MAsIII. Consistent with these findings, PDK-1-catalyzed phosphorylation of PKB/Akt(Thr308) and PKB/Akt activity were suppressed in exposed cells. In addition, PKB/Akt(Ser473) phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by a putative PDK-2, was also suppressed. Notably, expression of constitutively active PKB/Akt restored the normal ISGU pattern in adipocytes treated with either iAsIII or MAS(III). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that inhibition of the PDK-1/PKB/Akt-mediated transduction step is the key mechanism for the inhibition of ISGU in adipocytes exposed to iAs(III) or MAsIII, and possibly for impaired glucose tolerance associated with human exposures to iAs. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lund Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461,2302 MHRC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350, 5 T32 DK07686, P30 DK056350, T32 DK007686]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R03 ES011496] NR 74 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 734 EP 742 DI 10.1289/ehp.9867 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900033 PM 17520061 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Alarcon, WA Chelminski, A Crowley, MS Barrett, R Correa, A Higgins, S Leon, HL Correia, J Becker, A Allen, RH Evans, E AF Calvert, Geoffrey M. Alarcon, Walter A. Chelminski, Ann Crowley, Mark S. Barrett, Rosanna Correa, Adolfo Higgins, Sheila Leon, Hugo L. Correia, Jane Becker, Alan Allen, Ruth H. Evans, Elizabeth TI Case report: Three farmworkers who gave birth to infants with birth defects closely grouped in time and place - Florida and North Carolina, 2004-2005 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE congenital abnormalities; ectromelial farmworkers; fungicides; Goldenhar Syndrome; insecticides; micrognathism; pesticides; prevention and control; toxicity ID EXPOSURE; RISK AB CONTEXT: There is little evidence linking adverse reproductive effects to exposure to specific pesticides during pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION: In February 2005, three infants with congenital anomalies were identified in Collier County, Florida, who were born within 8 weeks of one another and whose mothers worked for the same tomato grower. The mothers worked on the grower's Florida farms in 2004 before transferring to its North Carolina farms. All three worked during the period of organogenesis in fields recently treated with several pesticides. The Florida and North Carolina farms were inspected by regulatory agencies, and in each state a large number of violations were identified and record fines were levied. DISCUSSION: Despite the suggestive evidence, a causal link could not be established between pesticide exposures and the birth defects in the three infants. Nonetheless, the prenatal pesticide exposures experienced by the mothers of the three infants is cause for concern. Farmworkers need greater protections against pesticides. These include increased efforts to publicize and comply with both the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency's Worker Protection Standard and pesticide label requirements, enhanced procedures to ensure pesticide applicator competency, and recommendations to growers to adopt work practices to reduce pesticide exposures. RELEVANCE TO PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: The findings from this report reinforce the need to reduce pesticide exposures among farmworkers. In addition, they support the need for epidemologic studies to examine the role of pesticide exposure in the etiology of congenital anomalies. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Collier Cty Hlth Dept, Naples, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Def & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jac6@CDC.GOV RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.1289/ehp.9647 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900041 PM 17520069 ER PT J AU Callahan, MA Sexton, K AF Callahan, Michael A. Sexton, Ken TI If cumulative risk assessment is the answer, what is the question? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE additivity assumption; combined risk; cumulative risk; mixtures; multiple stressors; risk assessment guidelines ID HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; EXPOSURE; CANCER AB Cumulative risk refers to the combined threats from exposure via all relevant routes to multiple stressors including biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial entities. Cumulative risk assessment is a tool for organizing and analyzing information to examine, characterize, and possibly quantify the combined adverse effects on human health or ecologic resources from multiple environmental stressors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated a long-term effort to develop future guidelines for cumulative risk assessment, including publication in 2003 of a framework that describes important features of the process and discusses theoretical issues, technical matters, and key definitions. The framework divides the process of cumulative risk assessment into three interrelated phases: a) planning, scoping, and problem formulation; b) analysis; and c) interpretation and risk characterization. It also discusses the additional complexities introduced by attempts to analyze cumulative risks from multiple stressors and describes some of the theoretical approaches that can be used. The development of guidelines for cumulative risk assessment is an essential element in the transition of the U.S. EPA risk assessment methodology from a narrow focus on a single stressor, end point, source, pathway, and exposure route to a broader, more holistic approach involving analysis of combined effects of cumulative exposure to multiple stressors via all relevant sources, pathways, and routes. Key words: additivity assumption, combined risk, cumulative risk, mixtures, multiple stressors, risk assessment guidelines. Environ Health Perspect 115:799-806 (2006). C1 US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX USA. RP Callahan, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 6,Suite 1200,6RA-D,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. EM callahan.michael@epa.gov NR 72 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 799 EP 806 DI 10.1289/ehp.9330 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900043 PM 17520071 ER PT J AU deFur, PL Evans, GW Hubal, EAC Kyle, AD Morello-Frosch, RA Williams, DR AF deFur, Peter L. Evans, Gary W. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Kyle, Amy D. Morello-Frosch, Rachel A. Williams, David R. TI Vulnerability as a function of individual and group resources in cumulative risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE communities; cumulative risk; environmental justice; public health; vulnerability ID ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH DISPARITIES; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; INFANT-MORTALITY; AIR TOXICS; DIVERSITY-STABILITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB BACKGROUND: The field of risk assessment has focused on protecting the health of individual people or populations of wildlife from single risks, mostly from chemical exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently began to address multiple risks to communities in the '' Framework for Cumulative Risk Assessment '' [EPA/630/PO2/00 1F. Washington DC:Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2003)]. Simultaneously, several reports concluded that some individuals and groups are more vulnerable to environmental risks than the general population. However, vulnerability has received little specific attention in the risk assessment literature. OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to examine the issue of vulnerability in cumulative risk assessment and present a conceptual framework rather than a comprehensive review of the literature. In this article we consider similarities between ecologic and human communities and the factors that make communities vulnerable to environmental risks. DISCUSSION: The literature provides substantial evidence on single environmental factors and simple conditions that increase vulnerability or reduce resilience for humans and ecologic systems. This observation is especially true for individual people and populations of wildlife. Little research directly addresses the topic of vulnerability in cumulative risk situations, especially at the community level. The community level of organization has not been adequately considered as an end point in either human or ecologic risk assessment. Furthermore, current information on human risk does not completely explain the level of response in cumulative risk conditions. Ecologic risk situations are similarly more complex and unpredictable for cases of cumulative risk. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial conditions and responses are the principal missing element for humans. We propose a model for including psychologic and social factors as an integral component of cumulative risk assessment. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP deFur, PL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, POB 843050, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM pldefur@vcu.edu OI Morello-Frosch, Rachel/0000-0003-1153-7287 NR 121 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 817 EP 824 DI 10.1289/ehp.9332 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900045 PM 17520073 ER PT J AU Ryan, PB Burke, TA Hubal, EAC Cura, JJ McKone, TE AF Ryan, P. Barry Burke, Thomas A. Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Cura, Jerome J. McKone, Thomas E. TI Using biomarkers to inform cumulative risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers of effect; biomarkers of exposure; biomarkers of susceptibility; cumulative exposure; multiple stressors; risk assessment ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; AIR-POLLUTION; LEAD LEVELS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND. Biomarkers are considered the method of choice for determining exposure to environmental contaminants and relating such exposures to health outcomes. However, the association between many biomarkers and outcome is not direct because of variability in sensitivity and susceptibility in the individual. OBJECTIVES: We explore the relationship between environmental exposures and health outcomes as mitigated by differential susceptibility in individuals or populations and address the question "Can biomarkers enable us to understand and quantify better the population burden of disease and health effects attributable to environmental exposures?" METHODS: We use a case-study approach to develop the thesis that biomarkers offer a pathway to disaggregation of health effects into specific, if multiple, risk factors. We offer the point of view that a series or array of biomarkers, including biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of susceptibility, and biomarkers of effect, used in concert offer the best means by which to effect this disaggregation. We commence our discussion by developing the characteristics of an ideal biomarker, then give some examples of commonly used biomarkers to show the strengths and weaknesses of current usage. We follow this by more detailed case-study assessment outlining the state-of-the-science in specific cases. We complete our work with recommendations regarding the future use of biomarkers and areas for continued development. CONCLUSIONS: The case studies provide examples of when and how biomarkers can be used to infer the source and magnitude of exposure among a set of competing sources and pathways. The answer to this question is chemical specific and relates to how well the biomarker matches the characteristics of an "ideal" biomarker-in particular case of collection and persistence. The use of biomarkers in combination provides a better opportunity to disaggregate both source and pathway contributions. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Menzie Cura & Associates, Winchester, MA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ryan, PB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM bryan@sph.emory.edu RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009 NR 63 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1289/ehp.9334 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900047 PM 17520075 ER PT J AU Danz, NP Niemi, GJ Regal, RR Hollenhorst, T Johnson, LB Hanowski, JM Axler, RP Ciborowski, JJH Hrabik, T Brady, VJ Kelly, JR Morrice, JA Brazner, JC Howe, RW Johnston, CA Host, GE AF Danz, Nicholas P. Niemi, Gerald J. Regal, Ronald R. Hollenhorst, Tom Johnson, Lucinda B. Hanowski, JoAnn M. Axler, Richard P. Ciborowski, Jan J. H. Hrabik, Thomas Brady, Valerie J. Kelly, John R. Morrice, John A. Brazner, John C. Howe, Robert W. Johnston, Carol A. Host, George E. TI Integrated measures of anthropogenic stress in the US Great Lakes basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; coastal ecosystems; anthropogenic stress; GIS ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; LAND-COVER DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COASTAL WETLAND; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES AB Integrated, quantitative expressions of anthropogenic stress over large geographic regions can be valuable tools in environmental research and management. Despite the fundamental appeal of a regional approach, development of regional stress measures remains one of the most important current challenges in environmental science. Using publicly available, pre-existing spatial datasets, we developed a geographic information system database of 86 variables related to five classes of anthropogenic stress in the U.S. Great Lakes basin: agriculture, atmospheric deposition, human population, land cover, and point source pollution. The original variables were quantified by a variety of data types over a broad range of spatial and classification resolutions. We summarized the original data for 762 watershed-based units that comprise the U.S. portion of the basin and then used principal components analysis to develop overall stress measures within each stress category. We developed a cumulative stress index by combining the first principal component from each of the five stress categories. Maps of the stress measures illustrate strong spatial patterns across the basin, with the greatest amount of stress occurring on the western shore of Lake Michigan, southwest Lake Erie, and southeastern Lake Ontario. We found strong relationships between the stress measures and characteristics of bird communities, fish communities, and water chemistry measurements from the coastal region. The stress measures are taken to represent the major threats to coastal ecosystems in the U.S. Great Lakes. Such regional-scale efforts are critical for understanding relationships between human disturbance and ecosystem response, and can be used to guide environmental decision-making at both regional and local scales. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Math & Stat, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Biocomplex Studies, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Danz, NP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM ndanz@nrri.umn.edu OI Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048 NR 69 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 12 U2 78 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 631 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0293-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158WC UT WOS:000245824800004 PM 17387547 ER PT J AU Smith, LA Stock, TH Chung, KC Mukerjee, S Liao, XJL Stallings, C Afshar, M AF Smith, Luther A. Stock, Thomas H. Chung, Kuenja C. Mukerjee, Shaibal Liao, Xiaojuan L. Stallings, Casson Afshar, Masoud TI Spatial analysis of volatile organic compounds from a community-based air toxics monitoring network in Deer Park, Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; passive samplers; refineries; traffic; spatial analysis; volatile organic compounds (VOC); wind direction ID PASSIVE SAMPLER; POLLUTION; OUTDOOR; INDOOR; APPORTIONMENT; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURES; HOUSTON; PASO AB In the summer of 2003, ambient air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at 12 sites within a 3-km radius in Deer Park, Texas near Houston. The purpose of the study was to assess local spatial influence of traffic and other urban sources and was part of a larger investigation of VOC spatial and temporal heterogeneity influences in selected areas of Houston. Seventy 2-h samples were collected using passive organic vapor monitors. Most measurements of 13 VOC species were greater than the method detection limits. Samplers were located at 10 residential sites, a regulatory air monitoring station, and a site located at the centroid of the census tract in which the regulatory station was located. For residential sites, sampler placement locations (e. g., covered porch vs. house eaves) had no effect on concentration with the exception of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Relatively high correlations (Pearson r > 0.8) were found between toluene, ethylbenzene, and o,m,p-xylenes suggesting petroleum-related influence. Chloroform was not correlated with these species or benzene (Pearson r < 0.35) suggesting a different source influence, possibly from process-related activities. As shown in other spatial studies, wind direction relative to source location had an effect on VOC concentrations. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mukerjee.shaibal@epa.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9320-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HE UT WOS:000246149900032 PM 17057989 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Didonato, EM Harwell, LC Nestlerode, JA Summers, JK AF Smith, Lisa M. Didonato, Eva M. Harwell, Linda C. Nestlerode, Janet A. Summers, J. Kevin TI The ecological condition of Gulf of Mexico resources from Perdido Key to Port St. Joe, Florida, USA: Part I. Coastal beach resources SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE beach resources; EMAP; Gulf of Mexico; probabilistic survey ID PHYTOPLANKTON; ESTUARIES; WATERS; CARBON AB Using the approach established by EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), a shoreline monitoring survey was conducted in August and September 1999, encompassing the Florida Panhandle from Perdido Key, Florida to Port St. Joe, Florida. The objective of this survey was to demonstrate the use of a probabilistic survey for monitoring and estimating the condition of swimmable beach areas. Thirty stations were sampled using a probabilistic sampling design. Hydrographic data were collected in addition to samples for water chemistry. Bacterial indicators, enterococci and fecal coliforms, were enumerated from the water according to the EPA Beaches Environmental Assessment Closure and Health (BEACH) Program and Florida state guidelines. Additional criteria for site condition included the presence or absence of primary and secondary dunes, anthropogenic debris and vegetation. Based on EMAP evaluation guidelines and Florida state criteria, a baseline assessment of the condition of the Gulf of Mexico beach resources surveyed is presented. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Sullivans Isl, SC 29482 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM smith.lisam@epa.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9345-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HE UT WOS:000246149900045 PM 16957844 ER PT J AU Vahter, M Gochfeld, M Casati, B Thiruchelvam, M Falk-Filippson, A Kavlock, R Marafante, E Cory-Slechta, D AF Vahter, Marie Gochfeld, Michael Casati, Barbara Thiruchelvam, Mona Falk-Filippson, Agneta Kavlock, Robert Marafante, Erminio Cory-Slechta, Deborah TI Implications of gender differences for human health risk assessment and toxicology SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE gender; sex dimorphism; sex hormones; gene expression; sex difference in toxicokinetics; sex difference in toxicodynamics ID SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM EXPOSURE; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; WOMENS HEALTH; GLUCURONOSYL TRANSFERASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; BONE-DENSITY AB This paper from The Human Health working group of SGOMSEC 16 examines a broad range of issues on gender effects in toxicology. Gender differences in toxicology begin at the gamete and embryo stage, continuing through development and maturation and into old age. Sex influences exposure, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics. The effects of sex have often been overlooked in both epidemiology and toxicology. In addition to the obvious modifying effects of the sex hormones and conditions affecting the male and female reproductive organs and sex roles, both genetic and hormonal effects influence many aspects of life and toxic responses. All aspects of toxicology should consider gender-balanced designs so that a more comprehensive understanding of differences and similarities can be obtained. Differential gene expression is a new frontier in toxicology. Risk assessment should account for gender and life cycle differences. The biological basis for altered sex ratios observed in several populations should be sought in animal models, and expanded to other compounds that might exert sex-selective effects. Wherever possible and feasible, toxicologic and environmental epidemiological studies should be designed and have sufficient statistical power to quantify differential gender-based exposures and outcomes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Karolinska Inst, Div Met & Hlth, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. ECVAM, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, JRC, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Swedish Chem Inspectorate, SE-17213 Sundbyberg, Sweden. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vahter, M (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Div Met & Hlth, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM Marie.vahter@imm.ki.se; Agneta.falk-filipsson@kemi.se; kavlock.robert@epa.gov NR 141 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.10.001 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 166VQ UT WOS:000246409200007 PM 17098226 ER PT J AU Simpson, RD AF Simpson, R. David TI David Pearce and the economic valuation of biodiversity SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; valuation; stated preference; ethics; development; market failure; policy failure; appropriation ID PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH; CONTINGENT VALUATION; CONSERVATION; PROTECTION; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTS; CHOICES; PRICES; FOREST; POLICY AB David Pearce was a pioneer in the economic valuation of biodiversity. His work powerfully influenced both later economists who worked in the field and natural scientists and practitioners who gained and appreciation of the importance of economics to their efforts. Pearce often applied the paradigm of demonstration followed by appropriation: the values of biodiversity must first be demonstrated to those who make decisions concerning its survival, and then appropriated by them. The later step will be possible when market and policy failures are rectified so as to allow the realization of conservation values. While Pearce wrote extensively on these themes, he was also acutely aware of the limitations of the paradigm. Rosy projections of values that could not be realized and appropriated would be of little practical use, and Pearce often cautioned against excesses of optimism. Yet he also clearly believed that there are compelling, if not always easily demonstrated, reasons for conservation. I argue in this paper that Pearce's seminal work on the valuation of biodiversity cannot be understood without some appreciation of his philosophical perspective. Pearce would have described himself as a pragmatist. However, his pragmatism was grounded in the belief that it is both expedient and ethical to recognize that communities in some of the poorest corners of the world will only conserve biodiversity if they are justly compensated for the sacrifices they must make to do so. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Paul H Nitz Sch Adv Int Studies, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Simpson, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Paul H Nitz Sch Adv Int Studies, 1619 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM dsimpson@jhu.edu NR 81 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 EI 1573-1502 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 91 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10640-007-9109-4 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169KV UT WOS:000246592000007 ER PT J AU Hecker, M Hollert, H Cooper, R Vinggaard, AM Akahori, Y Murphy, M Nellemann, C Higley, E Newsted, J Wu, R Lam, P Laskey, J Buckalew, A Grund, S Nakai, M Timm, G Giesy, J AF Hecker, Markus Hollert, Henner Cooper, Ralph Vinggaard, Anne-Marie Akahori, Yumi Murphy, Margaret Nellemann, Christine Higley, Eric Newsted, John Wu, Rudolph Lam, Paul Laskey, John Buckalew, Angela Grund, Stefanie Nakai, Makoto Timm, Gary Giesy, John TI The OECD validation program of the H295R steroidogenesis assay for the identification of in vitro inhibitors and inducers of testosterone and estradiol production. Phase 2: Inter-laboratory pre-validation studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; estradiol; H295R; hormone production; transferability; sex steroid; steroidogenesis; testosterone; validation; OECD ID CELL-LINE; STEROID-BIOSYNTHESIS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN HEALTH; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; WORKSHOP; VIVO; PCR AB Background, Goals and Scope. In response to concerns that have been raised about chemical substances that may alter the function of endocrine systems and result in adverse effects on human health, an OECD initiative was undertaken to develop and validate in vitro and in vivo assays to identify chemicals that may interfere with endocrine systems of vertebrates. Here we report on studies that were conducted to develop and standardize a cell-based screening assay using the H295R cell line to prioritize chemicals that may act on steroidogenic processes in humans and wildlife. These studies are currently ongoing as part of the 'Special Activity on the Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors' within the OECD Test Guidelines Program to review, develop, standardize, and validate a number of in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays for testing and assessment of chemicals concerning their potential to interact with the endocrine system of vertebrates. Study Design. Six laboratories from five countries participated in the pre-validation studies. Each laboratory tested the effects of three model chemicals on the production of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) using the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay. Chemicals tested were well described inducers or inhibitors of steroidogenic pathways (forskolin, prochloraz and fadrozole). All experiments were conducted in 24 well plates following standard protocols. Six different doses per compound were analyzed in triplicate per plate. A quality control (QQ plate was run in conjunction with the chemical exposure plate to account for inter-assay variation. Each chemical exposure was conducted two or three times. Results. All laboratories successfully detected increases and/or decreases in hormone production by H295R cells after exposure to the different model compounds and there was good agreement in the pattern of response for all groups. Forskolin increased both T and E2 while fadrozole and prochloraz decreased production of both hormones. All chemicals affected hormone production in a close-dependent manner with the exception of fadrozole which caused maximum inhibition of E2 at the two least concentrations tested. Some inter-laboratory differences were noted in the alteration of hormone production measured in chemically exposed cells. However, with the exception of the production of T measured at one laboratory in cells exposed to forskolin, the EC(50)s calculated were comparable (coefficients of variation 34-49%) for all hormones. Discussion and Perspectives. The results indicated that the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay protocol was robust, transferable and reproducible among all laboratories. However, in several instances that were primarily related to one laboratory there were unexplained minor uncertainties related to the inter-laboratory hormone production variation. Based on the findings from this Phase 2 prevalidation study, the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay protocol is currently being refined. The next phase of the OECD validation program will test the refined protocol among the same group of laboratories using an extended set of chemicals (similar to 30) that will include positive and negative chemical controls as well as a broad spectrum of different potential inducers and inhibitors of steroidogenic pathways. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Zool, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, RTD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCBA, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Dept Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Soborg, Denmark. Chem Assessment Ctr, Chem Evaluat & Res Inst, Saitama, Japan. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. ENTRIX Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Hecker, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mhecker@entrix.com RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; Hollert, Henner/A-1027-2009 OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; Hollert, Henner/0000-0001-5776-5619 NR 21 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1065/espr2007.03.402 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162WH UT WOS:000246119700004 ER PT J AU Zheng, S Byrd, AS Fischer, BM Grover, AR Ghio, AJ Voynow, JA AF Zheng, Shuo Byrd, Angela S. Fischer, Bernard M. Grover, Amy R. Ghio, Andrew J. Voynow, Judith A. TI Regulation of MUC5AC expression by NAD(P)H : quinone oxidoreductase 1 SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neutrophil elastase; NADP(H): quinone oxidoreductase 1; MUC5AC; reactive oxygen species; free radicals ID HUMAN NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OIL FLY-ASH; REACTIVE OXYGEN; GENE-EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MUCIN PRODUCTION; MESSENGER-RNA; QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE AB Neutrophil elastase (NE), a potent neutrophil inflammatory mediator, increases MUC5AC mucin gene expression through undefined pathways involving reactive oxygen species. To determine the source of NE-generated reactive oxygen species, we used pharmacologic inhibitors of oxidoreductases to test whether they blocked NE-regulated MUC5AC mRNA expression. We found that dicumarol, an inhibitor of the NADP(H): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), inhibited MUC5AC mRNA expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells. We further tested the role of NQO1 in mediating NE-induced MUC5AC expression by inhibiting NQO1 expression using short interfering RNA (siRNA). Transfection with siRNA specific for NQO1 suppressed NQO1 expression and significantly abrogated MUC5AC mRNA expression. NE treatment caused lipid peroxidation in A549 cells; this effect was inhibited by pretreatment with dicumarol, suggesting that NQO1 also regulates oxidant stress in A549 cells after NE exposure. NE exposure increased NQO1 protein and activity levels; NQO1 expression and activity were limited to the cytosol and did not translocate to the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that NQO1 has an important role as a key mediator of NE-regulated oxidant stress and MUC5AC mucin gene expression. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Voynow, JA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM voyno001@mc.duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL082504, HL081763, R01 HL065611-04, R01 HL082504, R01 HL081763-01A1, R01 HL065611, R01 HL082504-01, R01 HL081763, HL65611]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES016836] NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1398 EP 1408 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.040 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 156NL UT WOS:000245656100010 PM 17395013 ER PT J AU Mack, RN Von Holle, B Meyerson, LA AF Mack, Richard N. Von Holle, Betsy Meyerson, Laura A. TI Assessing invasive alien species across multiple spatial scales: working globally and locally SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESA Conference on Ecology in an Era of Globalization - Challenges and Opportunities for Environmental Scientists in the Americas CY JAN 08-12, 2006 CL Merida, MEXICO ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGY AB Quantitative investigations on invasive alien species (IAS) across multiple spatial scales are needed because biological invasions often encompass enormous expanses in both donor and invaded ranges and because the immigrants may be carried great distances between these ranges. Although invasion biology is rich in anecdotes, translation of this information into generalizations remains limited by technical shortcomings in data acquisition, inconsistent data assembly, and the continuing search for meaningful indices of the impact of IAS. Much better justification of and greater opportunities to combat IAS could be achieved by distilling all information for IAS into spatially explicit case histories and synthetic predictions on the epidemiology and consequences of biological invasions for public review, discussion, and action. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Mack, RN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rmack@mail.wsu.edu RI Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[217:AIASAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166XP UT WOS:000246414500008 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Bradford, DF Pratt, D Wood, LL AF Fellers, Gary M. Bradford, David F. Pratt, David Wood, Leslie Long TI DEMISE OF REPATRIATED POPULATIONS OF MOUNTAIN YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS (RANA MUSCOSA) IN THE SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; chytridiomycosis; Rana muscosa; park management; pesticides; population decline; repatriation ID MASS MORTALITY; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; PESTICIDES; USA; BASIN; LAKES; PH AB In the late 1970s, Rana muscosa was common in the Tableland area of Sequoia National Park, CA. Surveys in 19931995 demonstrated that this frog had disappeared from this and other areas, even though the species was still common 30 km to the northeast. To evaluate potential causes of the extirpation, we repatriated R. muscosa eggs, tadpoles, subadults, and adults to four previously occupied sites in the Tableland area in 1994 and 1995. We surveyed the release sites every few days in the summers of 1994 and 1995, and once a month in 1996-1997. During the first week after release, survival of all life history stages was high at each of the release sites. At the end of the first summer there were metamorphosing tadpoles, and adult frogs were still present. However, we detected no evidence of reproduction at three sites and nearly all life history stages disappeared within 12 months. At the fourth site, there was limited reproduction, but it was not sufficient to maintain a population. It appears either that the causal factors for the demise of R. muscosa in the 1970s were still operating in the 1990s, or that a new limiting factor has developed. Dispersal, weather, water quality, and predation do not appear to be causative agents; because fish have never been present in the portions of the watershed where we were working, they were not a factor. Observations and data are consistent with the hypotheses that chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and/or exposure to airborne pesticides caused both declines. However, at the time of our study, chytridiomycosis had not been described and the potentially significant role of contaminants was largely undocumented. C1 [Fellers, Gary M.; Pratt, David; Wood, Leslie Long] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Bradford, David F.] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov FU National Park Service FX Bruce Christman, Jennifer Ellingson, Craig Fellers, Scott Fellers, Kathleen Freel, and Mark Massar assisted with the field work. Annie Esperanza, David Graber, Janie McLaughlin, and Harold Werner provided logistical support. Roberta Larson assisted with data processing. Joan Fellers and Patrick Kleeman provided useful comments on the manuscript. The research was funded by the National Park Service. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, and the California Department of Fish and Game provided collecting permits. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in this project. The document has undergone EPA review and has been approved for publication. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 5 EP 21 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MS UT WOS:000207806700002 ER PT J AU Gorelick, R Bertram, SM AF Gorelick, R. Bertram, S. M. TI Quantifying division of labor: borrowing tools from sociology, sociobiology, information theory, landscape ecology, and biogeography SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Review DE sociality; mutual information; task specialization; information theory ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; DIVERSITY; POLYETHISM; SPECIALIZATION; COMMUNICATION; BIODIVERSITY; URBANIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; PATTERNS; ENTROPY AB How do we quantify division of labor? We review several fields (sociology, landscape ecology, statistics, information theory, and biogeography) that have been cognizant of these questions and been somewhat successful at answering them. We review fourteen indices for quantifying division of labor, sensu lato, which can be categorized into four families: Shannon's index/entropy, Simpson's index, geometric mean, and standard/absolute deviation (including coefficients of variation). We argue that those indices using matrix inputs will simultaneously quantify the interplay between all individuals and all tasks and will thus best capture the essence of division of labor. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gorelick, R (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM Root_Gorelick@carleton.ca; Susan_Bertram@carleton.ca RI Bertram, Susan/L-6992-2013 OI Bertram, Susan/0000-0002-6326-579X NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00040-007-0923-z PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163QA UT WOS:000246175100001 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Clark, RM Hoff, JC AF Rice, Eugene W. Clark, Robert M. Hoff, Jobn C. TI Applying rate kinetics to disinfection SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; INACTIVATION; MONOCHLORAMINE C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 8 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 169JN UT WOS:000246588600002 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Samalot-Freire, WC AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Samalot-Freire, Wsa C. TI AOAC method 966.04: Preliminary evaluation of cooked meat medium with manganese sulfate for the cultivation of Clostridium sporogenes: Precollaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CHEMICAL GERMICIDES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DISINFECTANTS AB AOAC Method 966.04, the Sporicidal Activity of Disinfectants Test, is a carrier-based test that provides a qualitative measure of product efficacy against spores of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes. For regulatory purposes, Method 966.04 is accepted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the generation of product performance data for sporicides and sterilants. In this study, we report on findings associated with proposed improvements (modifications) to the Clostridium component of the method. Egg meat medium (EMM), the culture medium for C. sporogenes currently specified in the method, is no longer commercially available and finding a suitable replacement is critical. In addition, the use of a nonstandardized extract of raw soil as an amendment to EMM, as stipulated in the current method, may result in a highly variable spore suspension. The primary focus of this study was to find replacements for EMM and soil extract. A carrier count procedure, the establishment of target carrier counts (spores/carrier), and a neutralization confirmation procedure were also evaluated. The study was limited to liquid products tested against Clostridium on a hard surface carrier (porcelain penicylinder). Spore suspensions of C. sporogenes were generated using: (1) EMM with soil extract (EMM/SE), (2) cooked meat medium with soil extract (CMM/SE), and (3) cooked meat medium with 5 mu g/mL manganese sulfate (CMM/MnSO4). The titer of the spore suspension, carrier counts, resistance to hydrochloric acid (HCl), and efficacy against 3 liquid sporicidal agents were used to evaluate the potential of CMM and MnSO4 as replacements. The study was performed by the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Microbiology Laboratory, Fort Meade, MD. Use of CMM/SE and CMM/MnSO4 resulted in comparable results for titer of spore suspensions (approximately 10(8) spores/mL) and carrier counts (approximately 3 x 10(6) spores/carrier). The carrier counts for the EMM/SE were approximately I log lower than CMM-based treatments; however, no attempt was made to dilute the CMM spore suspensions prior to carrier inoculation to reduce the carrier counts for CMM. Resistance of spores to 2.5 M HCl was acceptable across the 3 media types. Treatments for comparative efficacy testing were designed to provide a range of sporicidal activity, i.e., high and low efficacy treatments. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach), hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid, and glutaraldehyde were used as test chemicals. The number of carriers resulting in growth (positive) for the low treatments for all 3 chemicals ranged from 9 to 59 out of 60 across the 3 media types-EMM exhibited fewer positives overall. The high efficacy treatments for sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid yielded a range of 0 to 2 positives out of 60 across the 3 media. However, the high glutaraldehyde treatment generated 3, 20, and 20 positives out of 60 for the EMM/SE, CMM/SE, and CMM/MnSO4, respectively. The lower number of positive carriers for EMM/SE may be due to the reduced carrier counts. CMM, either with SE or MnSO4, appears to be a suitable replacement for EMM/SE. On the basis of the results of this study, the Study Director recommends that CMM/MnSO4 and the spore enumeration target carrier count and neutralization procedures be considered for collaborative study to officially modify the Clostridium x porcelain component of Method 966.04. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM tomasino.stephen@epa.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 825 EP 833 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 174HK UT WOS:000246932600025 PM 17580636 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Barton, HA DeWoskin, RS Schlosser, P Thompson, CM Sonawane, B Lipscomb, JC Krishnan, K AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Barton, Hugh A. DeWoskin, Robert S. Schlosser, Paul Thompson, Chad M. Sonawane, Babasaheb Lipscomb, John C. Krishnan, Kannan TI Evaluation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for use in risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PBPK models; evaluation; risk assessment; dosimetry models ID AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; BAYESIAN POPULATION APPROACH; VITRO METABOLIC PARAMETERS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; AL. PBPK MODEL; IN-VITRO; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are sophisticated dosimetry models that offer great flexibility in modeling exposure scenarios for which there are limited data. This is particularly of relevance to assessing human exposure to environmental toxicants, which often requires a number of extrapolations across species, route, or dose levels. The continued development of PBPK models ensures that regulatory agencies will increasingly experience the need to evaluate available models for their application in risk assessment. To date, there are few published criteria or well-defined standards for evaluating these models. Herein, important considerations for evaluating such models are described. The evaluation of PBPK models intended for risk assessment applications should include a consideration of: model purpose, model structure, mathematical representation, parameter estimation, computer implementation, predictive capacity and statistical analyses. Model purpose and structure require qualitative checks on the biological plausibility of a model. Mathematical representation, parameter estimation, computer implementation involve an assessment of the coding of the model, as well as the selection and justification of the physical, physicochemical and biochemical parameters chosen to represent a biological organism. Finally, the predictive capacity and sensitivity, variability and uncertainty of the model are analysed so that the applicability of a model for risk assessment can be determined. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Montreal, Grp Rech Interdisciplinaire Sante, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travail, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Barton.Hugh@epa.gov OI Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108 NR 143 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 218 EP 237 DI 10.1002/jat.1225 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 160SN UT WOS:000245962700002 PM 17299829 ER PT J AU Pavlov, T Todorov, M Stoyanova, G Schmieder, P Aladjov, H Serafimova, R Mekenyan, O AF Pavlov, Todor Todorov, Milen Stoyanova, Galina Schmieder, Patricia Aladjov, Hristo Serafimova, Rossitsa Mekenyan, Ovanes TI Conformational coverage by a genetic algorithm: Saturation of conformational space SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID BOUND LIGAND CONFORMATIONS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LIGANDS; ALPHA BINDING-AFFINITY; IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; SEARCH; METABOLISM; TOXICOLOGY; DOCKING; DESIGN; MODEL AB The molecular modeling is traditionally based on analysis of minimum energy conformers. Such simplifying assumptions could doom to failure the modeling studies given the significant variation of the geometric and electronic characteristics across the multitude of energetically reasonable conformers representing the molecules. Moreover, it has been found that the lowest energy conformers of chemicals are not necessarily the active ones with respect to various endpoints. Hence, the selection of active conformers appears to be as important as the selection of molecular descriptors in the modeling process. In this respect, we have developed effective tools for conformational analysis based on a genetic algorithm ( GA), published in J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. ( 1994, 34, 234; 1999, 39 ( 6), 997) and J. Chem. Inf. Model. ( 2005, 45 ( 2), 283). This paper presents a further improvement of the evolutionary algorithm for conformer generation minimizing the sensitivity of conformer distributions from the effect of smoothing parameter and improving the reproducibility of conformer distributions given the nondeterministic character of the genetic algorithm ( GA). The ultimate goal of the saturation is to represent the conformational space of chemicals with an optimal number of conformers providing a stable conformational distribution which cannot be further perturbed by the addition of new conformers. The generation of stable conformational distributions of chemicals by a limited number of conformers will improve the adequacy of the subsequent molecular modeling analysis. The impact of the saturation procedure on conformer distributions in a specific structural space is illustrated by selected examples. The effect of the procedure on similarity assessment between chemicals is discussed. C1 Univ Prof As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Mekenyan, O (reprint author), Univ Prof As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. EM omekenya@btu.bg NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 851 EP 863 DI 10.1021/ci700014h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 172AL UT WOS:000246776400017 PM 17465523 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Stoeckel, DM Lamendella, R Zelt, RB Domingo, JWS Walker, SR Oerther, DB AF Vogel, Jason R. Stoeckel, Donald M. Lamendella, Regina Zelt, Ronald B. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Walker, Steven R. Oerther, Daniel B. TI Identifying fecal sources in a selected catchment reach using multiple source-tracking tools SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NORMALITY; CONTAMINATION; STREPTOCOCCI; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; IMPACTS AB Given known limitations of current microbial source-tracking (MST) tools, emphasis on small, simple study areas may enhance interpretations of fecal contamination sources in streams. In this study, three MST tools-Escherichia coli repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), coliphage typing, and Bacteroidales 16S rDNA host-associated markers-were evaluated in a selected reach of Plum Creek in south-central Nebraska. Water-quality samples were collected from six sites. One reach was selected for MST evaluation based on observed patterns of E. coli contamination. Despite high E. coli concentrations, coliphages were detected only once among water samples, precluding their use as a MST tool in this setting. Rep-PCR classification of E. coli isolates from both water and sediment samples supported the hypothesis that cattle and wildlife were dominant sources of fecal contamination, with minor contributions by horses and humans. Conversely, neither ruminant nor human sources were detected by Bacteroidales markers in most water samples. In bed sediment, ruminant- and human-associated Bacteroidales markers were detected throughout the interval from 0 to 0.3 m, with detections independent of E. coli concentrations in the sediment. Although results by E. coli-based and Bacteroidales-based MST methods led to similar interpretations, detection of Bacteroidales markers in sediment more commonly than in water indicates that different tools to track fecal contamination (in this case, tools based on Bacteroidales DNA and E. coli isolates) may have varying relevance to the more specific goal of tracking the sources of E. coli in watersheds. This is the first report of simultaneous, toolbox approach application of a library-based and marker-based MST analyses to flowing surface water. C1 USGS, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. USGS, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Nebraska Dept Environm Qual, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. RP Vogel, JR (reprint author), USGS, 5231 S 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM jrvogel@usgs.gov RI Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014; OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205; Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X; Zelt, Ronald/0000-0001-9024-855X NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 718 EP 729 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0246 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500011 PM 17412907 ER PT J AU Hines, EP Rayner, JL Barbee, R Moreland, RA Valcour, A Schmid, JE Fenton, SE AF Hines, Erin P. Rayner, Jennifer L. Barbee, Randy Moreland, Rae Ann Valcour, Andre Schmid, Judith E. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Assays for endogenous components of human milk: Comparison of fresh and frozen samples and corresponding analytes in serum SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE human milk; cytokines; immunoglobulins; surrogate; biomonitoring ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; LONG-TERM INFLUENCE; BREAST-MILK; FACTOR-ALPHA; FERTILITY REGULATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; NURSING WOMEN; GROWTH-FACTOR AB Breast milk is a primary source of nutrition that contains many endogenous compounds that may affect infant development. The goals of this study were to develop reliable assays for selected endogenous breast milk components and to compare levels of those in milk and serum collected from the same mother twice during lactation (2-7 weeks and 3-4 months). Reliable assays were developed for glucose, secretory I-A, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, triglycerides, prolactin, and estradiol from participants in a US EPA study called Methods Advancement in Milk Analysis (MAMA). Fresh and frozen (-20 degrees C) milk samples were assayed to determine effects of storage on endogenous analytes. The source effect (serum vs milk) seen in all 7 analytes indicates that serum should not be used as a surrogate for milk in children's health studies. The authors propose to use these assays in studies to examine relationships between the levels of milk components and children's health. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Ctr Esoter Testing, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Esoter Immunoassay Dept, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Special Coagulat Dept, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Allergy Dept, Burlington, NC USA. RP Hines, EP (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1177/0890334407300334 PG 13 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 163JQ UT WOS:000246156300003 PM 17478867 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Gehring, R Gerken, J AF Shuster, W. D. Gehring, R. Gerken, J. TI Prospects for enhanced groundwater recharge via infiltration of urban storm water runoff: A case study SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE base flow; best management practices; ecosystem services; groundwater recharge; rain garden; runoff; storm water ID MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB The rain garden is an urban storm water best management practice that is used to infiltrate runoff close to its source, thereby disconnecting impervious area while providing an avenue for groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge may provide additional benefits to aquatic ecosystems via enhancement of stream base flow.Yet, soil conditions can impact on certain aspects of rain garden performance and its provision of ecosystem services. In the context of a watershed-level study to determine the effectiveness of decentralized storm water management, we performed an order 1 soil survey of the Shepherd Creek watershed (Cincinnati, Ohio) to delineate soils and identify and describe representative soil pedons, and then we assessed subsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) in each of the three dominant subsoils with qualitative estimation methods and directly with constant-head permeametry. We next simulated the effect of subsoil hydrology of a hypothetical implementation of a parcel-level rain garden on groundwater recharge in this watershed. Measured subsoil K-sat were overall very low with a mean of 0.01 cm hr(-1) (4 x 10(-3) in hr(-1)) for Eden soil and a mean of 0.2 cm hr(-1) (0.08 in hr(-1)) for both the fine-silty family and Switzerland soils. Compared with the measured values, qualitative measures overestimated K-sat and depth of recharge for Eden and fine-silty, and underestimated the same for Switzerland. Based on median parcel features and 2004 warm-season storm records, rain gardens in the fine-silty family and Switzerland subsoils would be expected to contribute about 6 cm (2.4 in) of recharge as compared to the 2 cm (0.8 in) expected in Eden soils. Our results also suggest the highest potential for abatement of storm water quantity abatement in Eden soils, with some partitioning of this water to recharge as an added benefit. Our approach and results form the basis for a comprehensive understanding of how storm water management decentralized at the watershed level may positively impact ecosystem services. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat, Columbus, OH USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 40 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600040 ER PT J AU Touma, JS Isakov, V Cimorelli, AJ Brode, RW Anderson, B AF Touma, Jawad S. Isakov, Vlad Cimorelli, Alan J. Brode, Roger W. Anderson, Bret TI Using prognostic model-generated meteorological output in the AERMOD dispersion model: An illustrative application in Philadelphia, PA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL SOURCE APPLICATIONS AB In this study, we introduce the prospect of using prognostic model-generated meteorological output as input to steady-state dispersion models by identifying possible advantages and disadvantages and by presenting a comparative analysis. Because output from prognostic meteorological models is now routinely available and is used for Eulerian and Lagrangian air quality modeling applications, we explore the possibility of using such data in lieu of traditional National Weather Service (NWS) data for dispersion models. We apply these data in an urban application where comparisons can be made between the two meteorological input data-types. Using the U.S. Environment Protection Agency's American Meteorological Society/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) air quality dispersion model, hourly and annual average concentrations of benzene are estimated for the Philadelphia, PA, area using both hourly MMS model-generated meteorological output. and meteorological data taken from the NWS site at the Philadelphia International Airport. Our intent is to stimulate a discussion of the relevant issues and inspire future work that examines many of the questions raised in this paper. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Philadelphia, PA USA. US EPA, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Touma, JS (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Touma.Joe@epa.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 5 BP 586 EP 595 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.5.S86 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164TK UT WOS:000246257100006 PM 17518224 ER PT J AU Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE AF Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Edney, Edward O. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. TI Investigation of a systematic offset in the measurement of organic carbon with a semicontinuous analyzer SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL CARBON; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; AEROSOL; IDENTIFICATION AB Organic carbon (OC) was measured semicontinuously in laboratory experiments of steady-state secondary organic aerosol formed by hydrocarbon + nitrogen oxide irradiations. Examination of the mass of carbon measured on the filter for various sample volumes reveals a systematic offset that is not observed when performing an instrumental blank. These findings suggest that simple subtraction of instrumental blanks determined as the standard analysis without sample collection (i.e., by cycling the pump and valves yet filtering zero liters of air followed by routine chemical analysis) from measured concentrations may be inadequate. This may be especially true for samples collected through the filtration of small air volumes wherein the influence of the systematic offset is greatest. All of the experiments show that filtering a larger volume of air minimizes the influence of contributions from the systematic offset. Application of these results to measurements of ambient concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol suggests a need for collection of sufficient carbon mass to minimize the relative influence of the offset signal. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Offenberg, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Atmospher Sci Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr MD D205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM offenberg.john@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 5 BP 596 EP 599 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.5.596 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164TK UT WOS:000246257100007 PM 17518225 ER PT J AU Dye, JA Venier, M Ward, CR Hites, RA Birnbaum, LS AF Dye, J. A. Venier, M. Ward, C. R. Hites, R. A. Birnbaum, L. S. TI Brominated-flame retardants (BFRS) in cats - Possible linkage to feline hyperthyroidism? SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 1997 WADSWORTH BOULEVARD, STE A, LAKEWOOD, CO 80214-5293 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 MA 82 BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 167EY UT WOS:000246435200113 ER PT J AU Venosa, AD Holder, EL AF Venosa, A. D. Holder, E. L. TI Biodegradability of dispersed crude oil at two different temperatures SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; biodegradability; dispersants; dispersed oil; GC/MS; crude oil ID SURFACTANT; HYDROCARBONS; GROWTH; BIOREMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; SPILL; BAY AB Laboratory experiments were initiated to study the biodegradability of oil after dispersants were applied. Two experiments were conducted, one at 20 degrees C and the other at 5 degrees C. In both experiments, only the dispersed oil fraction was investigated. Each experiment required treatment flasks containing 3.5% artificial seawater and crude oil previously dispersed by either Corexit 9500 or JD2000 at a dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1:25. Two different concentrations of dispersed oil were prepared, the dispersed oil then transferred to shake flasks, which were inoculated with a bacterial culture and shaken on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for several weeks. Periodically, triplicate flasks were removed and sacrificed to determine the residual oil concentration remaining at that time. Oil compositional analysis was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to quantify the biodegradability. Dispersed oil biodegraded rapidly at 20 degrees C and less rapidly at 5 degrees C, in line with the hypothesis that the ultimate fate of dispersed oil in the sea is rapid loss by biodegradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov NR 28 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 176RG UT WOS:000247102000016 PM 17316707 ER PT J AU Fischer, SM Pavone, A Mikulec, C Langenbach, R Rundhaug, JE AF Fischer, Susan M. Pavone, Amy Mikulec, Carol Langenbach, Robert Rundhaug, Joyce E. TI Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is critical for chronic UV-induced murine skin carcinogenesis SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE COX-2; prostaglandins; UV carcinogenesis ID MOUSE SKIN; MULTISTAGE CARCINOGENESIS; CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; INDUCED INFLAMMATION; CANCER PREVENTION; TUMOR-DEVELOPMENT; INHIBITION; SUPPRESSION; COX-2 AB While it has been established that both the constitutive and inducible forms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2, respectively) play important roles in chemical initiation-promotion protocols with phorbol ester tumor promoters, the contribution of these two enzymes to ultraviolet (UV) light-induced skin tumors has not been fully assessed. To better understand the contribution of COX-1 and COX-2 to UV carcinogenesis, we transferred the null allele for each isoform onto the SKH-1 hairless strain of mouse. Due to low viability on this background with complete knockout of COX-2, heterozygous mice were used in UV carcinogenesis experiments. While the lack of one allele of COX-1 had no effect on tumor outcome, the lack of one allele of COX-2 resulted in a 50-65% reduction in tumor multiplicity and a marked decrease in tumor size. Additionally, transgenic SKH-1 mice that overexpress COX-2 under the control of a keratin 14 promoter developed 70% more tumors than wild-type SKH-1 mice. The lack of one allele of either COX-1 or COX-2 reduced prostaglandin (PG) E-2 levels in response to a single UV treatment. The proliferative response to UV was significantly reduced in COX-2, but not COX-1, heterozygous mice. UV-induced apoptosis, however, was greater in COX-2 heterozygous mice. Collectively, these results clearly establish the requirement for COX-2 in the development of skin tumors. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Sci Pk Res, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fischer, SM (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Sci Pk Res, POB 389, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES021229-08]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA100140, P30 CA016672, CA-16672, CA100140]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES007784, ES07784] NR 36 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1002/mc.20284 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 164ET UT WOS:000246217000004 PM 17219415 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC Farmer, JD Jarema, KA AF MacPhail, R. C. Farmer, J. D. Jarema, K. A. TI Sensitization and tolerance with episodic (weekly) nicotine on motor activity in rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nicotine; motor activity; episodic dosing; rats; tolerance; sensitization ID REPEATED INTRAVENOUS NICOTINE; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; BEHAVIORAL SENSITIZATION; ANATOXIN-A; EXPOSURE; AGONIST; INTERVAL; HORMONES; MICE AB Nicotine's effects on motor activity have been studied extensively. Sensitization or tolerance can develop to nicotine's acute effects with daily exposure. Limited data indicate that sensitization can also develop when nicotine is given less frequently than daily. The present experiments were designed to extend this finding and to more fully characterize the effects of nicotine on motor activity when given at weekly intervals. In both experiments, the horizontal and vertical activity of adult female Long-Evans (LE) rats was recorded in photocell chambers. In Experiment 1, either saline or nicotine hydrogen tartrate (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 1.8 mg of salt/kg BW, s.c.) was administered once each week to rats that were tested daily (MF). Acute nicotine administration produced no significant effect on horizontal activity at lower doses, while the highest dose produced a decrease (ca. 30%). Substantial and significant dose-related decreases in vertical activity were also obtained initially. Weekly dosing produced tolerance to nicotine's decreasing effects on vertical activity and increases (i.e., sensitization) in horizontal activity at all doses, and these effects persisted for at least 3 weeks. Experiment 2 partially replicated the results of Experiment 1 and indicated further that small sequential dose variations generally had little influence on nicotine tolerance and sensitization. The present results on horizontal activity extend prior findings of sensitization to weekly nicotine to include a broad range of doses. Results also showed that tolerance, but not sensitization, occurred to nicotine's effects on vertical activity over a comparable dose range. Further research is warranted on the importance of episodic, or recurring intermittent exposures in determining nicotine's effects, and those of other nicotinic agents, on behavior. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP MacPhail, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macphail.robert@epa.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.012 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900003 PM 17261359 ER PT J AU Goldman, JM Cooper, RL Murr, AS AF Goldman, Jerome M. Cooper, Ralph L. Murr, Ashley S. TI Reproductive functions and hypothalamic catecholamines in response to the soil fumigant metam sodium: Adaptations to extended exposures SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metam sodium; catecholamines; hypothalamus; estrous cyclicity; luteinizing hormone ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; LH-RELEASE; RAT; OVULATION; NOREPINEPHRINE; CHLORDIMEFORM; DEPLETION; BLOCKADE AB Metam sodium (MS) is a soil fumigant and Category 11 pesticide with a relatively low toxicity in mammals. Previous data have shown an ability to impair reproductive mechanisms in ovariectomized, estradiol -primed rats. A single i.p. injection blocked the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that in gonadal-intact females initiates the final stages of follicular and oocytic maturation and serves as the trigger for ovulation. The effect paralleled a fall in hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and rise in hypothalamic dopamine (DA) that was likely due to a suppression in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to determining the influence on catecholamine (CA) concentrations from a single oral exposure to MS, the present study explored effects of longer, 3-week treatments on estrous cyclicity, the LH surge, ovulation and hypothalamic CAs. Normally cycling 90 d S-D rats were administered MS (0-200 mg/kg/d, oral) and cyclicity was monitored daily. At the end of the 3rd week, proestrous blood was sampled over the afternoon from regular 4-day cyclers for a determination of LH. These animals were then killed on the following day of estrus (treatment days 21-26) for oocyte retrieval and assessment of hypothalamic CAs. Results showed that shortly after treatment began there occurred a dose-related period of persistent diestrus that typically lasted 8-16 d before regular cycles were reinstated. After 3 weeks, no effects were seen on the magnitude/timing of the LH surge or ovulated oocyte numbers. Anterior and posterior hypothalamic NE and DA were not significantly different from controls, although DA turnover (reflected by the ratio of DOPAC {3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid) to DA) in both anterior hypothalamic and caudate regions was decreased at all dosages. The data indicate that a 3 week oral exposure to MS induced an initial period of extended diestrus before the resumption of apparently normal reproductive activity, with previously reported CA alterations (apart from a persistent alteration in the DOPAC/DA ratio) being normalized by the end of dosing. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Br, MD72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.jerome@epa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.011 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900006 PM 17258889 ER PT J AU Wolansky, MJ McDaniel, KL Moser, VC Crofton, KM AF Wolansky, M. J. McDaniel, K. L. Moser, V. C. Crofton, K. M. TI Influence of dosing volume on the neurotoxicity of bifenthrin SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroids; neurotoxicity; bifenthrin; motor activity; functional observational battery; vehicle effects ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; RISK ASSESSMENT; MOTOR FUNCTION; ION CHANNELS; TOXICITY; RATS; FUTURE; DELTAMETHRIN; FORMULATIONS AB Pyrethroids are pesticides with high insecticidal activity and relatively low potency in mammals. The influence of dosing volume on the neurobehavioral syndrome following oral acute exposure to the Type-l pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin in corn oil was evaluated in adult male Long Evans rats. We tested bifenthrin effects at 1 and 5 ml/kg, two commonly used dose volumes in toxicological studies. Two testing times (4 and 7 h) were used in motor activity and functional observational battery (FOB) assessments. Four to eight doses were examined at either dosing condition (up to 20 or 26 mg/kg, at 1 and 5 ml/kg, respectively). Acute oral bifenthrin exposure produced toxic signs typical of Type I pyrethroids, with dose-related increases in fine tremor, decreased motor activity and grip strength, and increased pawing, head shaking, click response, and body temperature. Bifenthrin effects on motor activity and pyrethroid-specific clinical signs were-2-fold more potent at 1 ml/kg than 5 ml/kg. This difference was clearly evident at 4 h and slightly attenuated at 7 h post-dosing. Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling estimated similar 2-fold potency differences in motor activity and pyrethroid-specific FOB data. These findings demonstrate that dose volume, in studies using com oil as the vehicle influences bifenthrin potency. Further, these data suggest that inconsistent estimates of pyrethroid potency between laboratories are at least partially due to differences in dosing volume. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, US Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD B105 04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.01.007 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900007 PM 17321720 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Lasley, SM AF Gilbert, M. E. Lasley, S. M. TI Developmental lead (Pb) exposure reduces the ability of the NMDA antagonist MK-801 to suppress long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat dentate gyrus, in vivo SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dentate gyrus; long-term potentiation; NMDA; MK-801; glutamate; lead; Pb; in vivo; hippocampus; rat; neurotoxicity; learning and memory ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; ADULT-RAT; CHANNEL CURRENTS; GABA RELEASE; RECEPTOR; BINDING; EXPRESSION; NEURONS; LEVEL AB Chronic developmental lead (Ph) exposure increases the threshold and enhances decay of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. MK-801 and other antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype impair induction of LTP. In addition, Ph exposure reduces presynaptic glutamate release and is associated with alterations in NMDA receptor expression. This study examined LTP in Pb-exposed animals challenged with a low dose of MK-801 to assess the sensitivity of this receptor to inhibition. Pregnant rats received 0.2% Ph acetate in the drinking water beginning on gestational day 16, and this regimen was continued through lactation. Adult male offspring maintained on this solution from weaning were prepared with indwelling electrodes in the perforant path and dentate gyrus. Several weeks later, input/output (I/O) functions were collected in awake animals before and after saline or MK-801 administration (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.). LTP was induced using suprathreshold train stimuli 60 min post-drug. Post-train I/O functions were reassessed 1 and 24 It after train delivery. Upon full decay of any induced LTP, drug conditions were reversed such that each animal was tested under saline and MK-801. I/O functions measured 1 and 24 h after train induction as well as immediate post-train responses revealed significant LTP of comparable magnitude that was induced in both control and Pb-exposed animals tested under saline conditions. In contrast, MK-801 reduced LTP in control but not in Pb-exposed animals. The broadening of the excitatory postsynaptic potential evident in responses evoked by train stimuli is NMDA-dependent. Ph exposure attenuated the MK-801-induced reduction in area of this NMDA component by similar to 50%. These findings are consistent with other neurochemical and behavioural observations and suggest that up-regulation of postsynaptic NMDA receptors produces subsensitivity to the inhibitory effects of MK-801 on hippocampal LTP following chronic developmental Pb exposure. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD B105 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov RI yu, yan/C-2322-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-06253] NR 51 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.01.006 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900008 PM 17350801 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Goodman, JH AF Gilbert, M. E. Goodman, J. H. TI Prenatal thyroid hormone insufficiency produces an abnormal cell formation within the corpus callosum of the rat SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society CY JUN 23-27, 2007 CL Pittsburg, PA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Helen Hayes Hosp, CNRR, W Haverstraw, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 MA NBTS 12 BP 398 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.03.016 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900021 ER PT J AU Baldwin, J Chernoff, N Gage, M Macphail, R Gilbert, ME AF Baldwin, J. Chernoff, N. Gage, M. Macphail, R. Gilbert, M. E. TI Undernutrition in early life does not impair learning in young or aging animals SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society CY JUN 23-27, 2007 CL Pittsburg, PA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc C1 Meredith Coll, Raleigh, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.03.030 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900035 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Gee, JR AF Moser, V. C. Gee, J. R. TI Overview and evaluation of neurobehavioral effects of flame retardants in laboratory animals SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society CY JUN 23-27, 2007 CL Pittsburg, PA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 412 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.03.054 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 185YS UT WOS:000247746900059 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Brazner, JC Brady, VJ Axler, R Tanner, DK AF Trebitz, Anett S. Brazner, John C. Brady, Valerie J. Axler, Richard Tanner, Danny K. TI Turbidity tolerances of great lakes coastal wetland fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; GREEN-BAY; LAND-USE; INDEX; ASSEMBLAGES; WATER; VARIABILITY; MICHIGAN; QUALITY; MARSHES AB Despite recent interest in assessing the condition of fish assemblages in Great Lakes coastal wetlands and a concern for increasing turbidity as a major stressor pathway influencing these ecosystems, there is little information on fish tolerance or intolerance to turbidity on which to base wetland assessment metrics. Existing studies have borrowed tolerance designations from the stream literature, but they have not confirmed that the designations apply to Great Lakes wetlands or that designations based on tolerance to degradation in general apply to turbidity in particular. We used a published graphical method to determine turbidity tolerances of Great Lakes fishes based on their pattern of occurrence and relative abundance across coastal wetlands spanning a turbidity gradient. Fish composition data were obtained from fyke-net and electrofishing surveys of 75 wetlands along the U.S. shoreline of the Laurentian Great Lakes, representing a turbidity range of approximately 0-110 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Turbidity levels of 10, 25, and 50 NTU (corresponding to the thresholds in use for state water quality criteria) were used to separate fish into tolerance classes. We found that the turbidity tolerances of many species in Great Lakes wetlands differed from the published tolerances to general degradation in streams. Also, the tolerance levels for many species were unclear owing to the species' infrequent occurrence. Although many of the wetlands sampled had quite low urbidity, a large proportion of the fish species were tolerant or moderately tolerant to turbidity and very few were intolerant, suggesting that enumerating intolerant species may not be a useful metric or that the metric should be expanded to include moderately intolerant species. Our study lays the foundation for additional turbidity indicator development efforts for Great Lakes coastal wetlands. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Inland Waters Inst, Herring Cove, NS B3V 1G6, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 619 EP 633 DI 10.1577/M05-219.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200022 ER PT J AU Wielgus, AR Chignell, CF Miller, DS Van Houten, B Meyer, J Hu, DN Roberts, JE AF Wielgus, Albert R. Chignell, Colin F. Miller, David S. Van Houten, Ben Meyer, Joel Hu, Dan-Ning Roberts, Joan E. TI Phototoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells promoted by hypericin, a component of St. John's wort SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2005 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER; MACULAR DEGENERATION; UVEAL MELANOCYTES; FACTOR EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; DNA-DAMAGE; HUMAN LENS AB St. John's wort (SJW), an over-the-counter antidepressant, contains hypericin, which absorbs light in the UV and visible ranges. In vivo studies have determined that hypericin is phototoxic to skin and our previous in vitro studies with lens tissues have determined that it is potentially phototoxic to the human lens. To determine if hypericin might also be phototoxic to the human retina, we exposed human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells to 10(-7) to 10(-5) M hypericin. Fluorescence emission detected from the cells (lambda(ex) = 488 nm; lambda(em) = 505 nm) confirmed hypericin uptake by human RPE. Neither hypericin exposure alone nor visible light exposure alone reduced cell viability. However when irradiated with 0.7 J cm(-2) of visible light (lambda > 400 nm) there was loss of cell viability as measured by MTS and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The presence of hypericin in irradiated hRPE cells significantly changed the redox equilibrium of glutathione and a decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase. Increased lipid peroxidation as measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay correlated to hypericin concentration in hRPE cells and visible light radiation. Thus, ingested SJW is potentially phototoxic to the retina and could contribute to retinal or early macular degeneration. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Eye & Ear Hosp, New York, NY 10023 USA. Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM jroberts@fordham.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 706 EP 713 DI 10.1562/2006-08-09-RA-1001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 179YU UT WOS:000247327400033 PM 17576381 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Hamon, R Jassongne, L Rivers, M Lombi, E AF Scheckel, Kirk G. Hamon, Rebecca Jassongne, Laurence Rivers, Mark Lombi, Enzo TI Synchroton X-ray absorption-edge computed microtograpy imaging of thallium compartmentalization in Iberis intermedia (vol 290, pg 51, 2007) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, LRPCD, NRMRL, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water Adeladie Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, LRPCD, NRMRL, ORD, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2007 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 305 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9257-x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 169TS UT WOS:000246615300024 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Barnabe, S Valero, JR AF Brar, Satinder K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Barnabe, S. Valero, J. R. TI Bacillus thuringiensis proteases: Production and role in growth, sporulation and synergism SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Bacillus thuringiensis; insecticidal crystal protein; proteases; sporulation; wastewater; wastewater sludge ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; THERMOSTABLE ALKALINE PROTEASE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN SYNTHESIS; SUBSP KURSTAKI HD-1; INTRACELLULAR PROTEASES; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; PORE FORMATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BIOPESTICIDE PRODUCTION AB Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subspecies produces metalloproteases and serine alkaline proteases (endogenous) which affect sporulation and entomotoxicity against different insect orders. The production of Bt proteases is investigated in conventional medium and alternative substrates with future repercussions on Bt formulations and larval mortality. Relationship between protease activity and total cell count during Bt fermentation has been discussed while protease activity as a potential indicator of entomotoxicity has also been explored. In general, the proteases influence entomotoxicity in two divergent ways-processing of inactive protoxins to active toxin fractions (by endogenous Bt as well as exogenous larval midgut proteases) and degradation of protoxins to fragments which sometimes lack insecticidal activity (usually by Bt proteases). In fact, the function of endogenous (intra and extracellular) proteases is ambiguous and has been raising serious questions on their role in larval mortality. The review explores various schools of thoughts (traditional as well as advanced) to solve the enigma of protease interactions with crystal toxins at different levels (sporulation and insecticidal action). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, ETE, INRS, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, ETE, INRS, 490,Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 135 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 773 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.01.015 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 165ZW UT WOS:000246347500004 ER PT J AU Whiteside, T Carreira, L Hilal, S AF Whiteside, Tad Carreira, Lionel Hilal, Said TI Estimation of phosphate ester hydrolysis rate constants. II. Acid and general base catalyzed hydrolysis SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kinetics; linear free energy relationships; reaction mechanisms; structure-activity relationships; structure-property relationships; substituent effects ID ORGANIC PHOSPHATES; DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATES; REACTIVITY; COEFFICIENT; PESTICIDES; PREDICTION; SOLVOLYSIS; MECHANISM AB SPARC (SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) chemical reactivity models were extended to calculate acid and neutral hydrolysis rate constants of phosphate esters in water. The rate is calculated from the energy difference between the initial and transition states of the reactant molecule. This difference is a function of the reference rate and internal and external perturbations to the reference rate. The internal perturbations are comprised of electrostatic and resonance effects. The external perturbations quantify solute-solvent interactions based on the dielectric constant of the solvent and the steric size of substituent groups. The neutral hydrolysis model has been tested against 89 observed hydrolysis rate constants at multiple temperatures. The RMS deviation of the calculated versus observed values was 1.08 log M-1 s(-1). The acid hydrolysis model has been tested on 83 rate constants over a variety of temperatures. The RMS deviation of the acid hydrolysis model was 0.41 log M-1 s(-1). C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Govt, Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. RP Whiteside, T (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM twhitesi@uga.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 587 EP 595 DI 10.1002/qsar.200630100 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 172QT UT WOS:000246819700001 ER PT J AU Sweeney, BW Czapka, SJ Petrow, LCA AF Sweeney, Bernard W. Czapka, Stephen J. Petrow, L. Carol A. TI How planting method, weed abatement, and herbivory affect afforestation success SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE afforestation; forest buffer; tree shelter; auger; dibble-bar; artificial regeneration; hardwood silviculture ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TREE SHELTERS; FOREST; DEER; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; SITE AB The success of upland and riparian afforestation depends on landowners making informed decisions about key factors such as the quality of seedlings (species, size, and root stock), planting technique, site preparation, weed and herbivore control, and planting pattern for the plantation. We show here that the short-term (1 year) and longer-term (3 year) effects on seedling survivorship and growth due to planting technique (dibble-bar versus auger) did not differ significantly for the five test species (red maple [Acer rubrum L] eastern redbud [Cercis canadensis L.], green ash [Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh], sweetbay magnolia [Magnolia virginiano L.], and sweet gum [Liquidambor styraciflua L.]). Weed treatment (tree mats, initial herbiciding, and annual herbiciding) also failed to significantly increase seedling survivorship or growth, a result hypothesized to be caused by high moisture and nutrient content of soils on the site. In contrast, tree shelters significantly increased seedling survivorship and growth after I and 3 years. For some species, 3-year survivorship was up to fivefold higher with shelters. Long-term weed control increased survivorship of sheltered seedlings but decreased survivorship for those without shelters because of increased exposure to deer. For this site, successful afforestation depends more on protecting seedlings from herbivory with tree shelters than on either the method of planting or the method of controlling weeds. C1 Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. Geo Marine Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. US EPA, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Sweeney, BW (reprint author), Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. EM Sweeney@stroudcenter.org; sczapka@geo-marine.com; Petrow.Carol@epamail.epa.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 170NY UT WOS:000246671400004 ER PT J AU Blystone, CR Furr, J Lambright, CS Howdeshell, KL Ryan, BC Wilson, VS LeBlanc, GA Gray, LE AF Blystone, Chad R. Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy S. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Ryan, Bryce C. Wilson, Vickie S. LeBlanc, Gerald A. Gray, Leon Earl, Jr. TI Prochloraz inhibits testosterone production at dosages below those that affect androgen-dependent organ weights or the onset of puberty in the male Sprague Dawley rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE prochloraz; testosterone; antiandrogen; puberty; Hershberger; steroidgenesis ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ACTIVITY IN-VITRO; FUNGICIDE PROCHLORAZ; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; VIVO; KETOCONAZOLE; ANTAGONIST AB Prochloraz (PCZ) is an imidazole fungicide that inhibits gonadal steroidogenesis and antagonizes the androgen receptor (AR). We hypothesized that pubertal exposure to PCZ would reduce testosterone production and delay male rat reproductive development. Sprague Dawley rats were dosed by gavage with 0, 31.3, 62.5, or 125 mg/kg/day of PCZ from postnatal day (PND) 23 to 42 or 51. There was a significant delay in preputial separation (PPS) at 125 mg/kg/day PCZ and several of the androgen-dependent organ weights were decreased significantly, but the significant organ weight effects were not consistent between the 2 necropsies (PND 42 vs. 5 1). At both ages, serum testosterone levels and ex vivo testosterone release from the testis were significantly decreased whereas serum progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels were significantly increased at dose levels below those that affected PPS or reproductive organ weights. The hormone results suggested that PCZ was inhibiting CYP17 activity. In a second pubertal study (0, 3.9, 7.8, 15.6, 31.3, or 62.5 mg/kg/day PCZ), serum testosterone levels and ex vivo testosterone production were significantly reduced at 15.6 mg/ kg/day PCZ. In order to examine the AR antagonism effects of PCZ, independent of its effects on testosterone synthesis, castrated immature male rats were dosed with androgen and 0, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, or 125 mg/kg/day PCZ for 10-11 days (Hershberger assay). In this assay, androgen-sensitive organ weights were only significantly decreased at 125 mg/kg/day PCZ. These data from the pubertal assays demonstrate that PCZ decreases testosterone levels and delays rat pubertal development, as hypothesized. However, the fact that hormone levels were affected at dosage eightfold below that which delayed the onset of puberty suggests that rather large reductions in serum testosterone may be required to delay puberty and consistently reduce androgen-dependent tissue weights. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Labs,Off Res &, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Labs,Off Res &, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm004 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 173QB UT WOS:000246886500008 PM 17234647 ER PT J AU Pacyniak, EK Cheng, XG Cunningham, ML Crofton, K Klaassen, CD Guo, GL AF Pacyniak, Erik K. Cheng, Xingguo Cunningham, Michael L. Crofton, Kevin Klaassen, Curtis D. Guo, Grace L. TI The flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, are pregnane X receptor activators SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PBDE; nuclear receptor; PXR; induction; cyp3a; cyp2b ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; THYROID-HORMONES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-A AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants and are universally present in the environment. An exponential increase in PBDE concentrations in the U.S. population have been reported over the last 3 decades. PBDEs 47 (tetraBDE) and 99 (pentaBDE) are the most commonly detected PBDE congeners in the environment and in human samples. PBDE209 (decaBDE) is the only remaining PBDE flame retardant commercially manufactured in the United States. Several PBDEs are known to induce cyp3a in rats, but the mechanism of induction remains unclear. The goal of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which PBDE congeners induce cyp3a. Treatment of C57BL6 mice with PBDEs 47, 99, and 209 induced gene expressions of cyp3a11 and 2b10, but not cyp1a1/2. Because the first two genes are known target genes of pregnane X receptor (PXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor in the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, we hypothesized that PBDE congeners are PXR activators. Using reporter gene luciferase assays, the present data show that PBDEs 47, 99, and 209 activated PXR and its human counterpart, steroid X receptor, but not aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Furthermore, induction of cyp3a11 and 2b10 by PBDEs 47, 99, and 209 was markedly suppressed in PXR-knockout mice, indicating that PBDE congeners activate PXR in vivo. In summary, our study provides the first evidence that PBDEs are activators for xenobiotic nuclear receptor. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Guo, GL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM lguo@kumc.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015563, P20 RR021940]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD052027]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES013714] NR 47 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm025 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 173QB UT WOS:000246886500011 PM 17324954 ER PT J AU Rogers, EH Zehr, RD Gage, MI Humpage, AR Falconer, IR Marr, M Chernoff, N AF Rogers, E. H. Zehr, R. D. Gage, M. I. Humpage, A. R. Falconer, I. R. Marr, M. Chernoff, N. TI The cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin, induces fetal toxicity in the mouse after exposure late in gestation SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE cyanobacterial; teratology; developmental toxicology; mouse; toxin; cylindrospermopsin; cylindrospermopsis ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; CULTURED RAT HEPATOCYTES; ISLAND MYSTERY DISEASE; SWISS ALBINO MICE; 2 GERMAN LAKES; 1ST REPORT; ALKALOID CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN; RACIBORSKII WOLOSZYNSKA; ORAL TOXICITY; DEOXYCYLINDROSPERMOPSIN AB Cylindrospermopsin (cyn) is a cyanobacterial toxin implicated in human and wildlife poisonings. We have completed studies investigating the potential of purified cyn to induce developmental toxicity in mammals. The teratology study involved intraperitoneal injections (8.0-128 mu g kg(-1)) on gestational days (GD) 8-12 with subsequent examination of term fetuses for viability, weight and morphological anomalies. Cyn was lethal to a significant portion of the dams receiving >= 32 mu g kg(-1). Surviving pregnant females were killed and fetuses removed for examination. Analysis indicates no adverse effects on litter size, fetal weight, or incidence of anomalies. Subsequently, 50 mu g kg(-1) cyn was administered on GD 8-12 or 13-17. Animals were allowed to give birth and litters monitored for growth and viability. A reduction in litter size occurred in treated groups. Avg. pup wt. was only affected in the GD 13-17 group. GD 13-17 dams did not exhibit the toxicity noted in the GD 8-12 group but gave birth significantly earlier than controls. There was a significant number of dead GD 13-17 pups and incidences of blood in the gastrointestinal tract and hematomas in the tips of the tails in survivors. Pups were cross-fostered to control mothers in litters of 10. On postnatal days (PND) 5-6 there were no significant differences in weight gain or viability in GD 8-12 litters, while GD 13-17 litters had significantly reduced weight gain and viability. GD 13-17 exposed male pups still weighed significantly less than the controls after 15 months. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Australian Water Qual Ctr, Salisbury, SA, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Clin & Expt Pharmacol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chernoff.neil@epa.gov OI Falconer, Ian/0000-0002-1444-2681 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.12.009 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 168TW UT WOS:000246547900012 PM 17292934 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Hughes, RM Stoddard, JL Lomnicky, GA Peck, DV Herlihy, AT AF Whittier, Thomas R. Hughes, Robert M. Stoddard, John L. Lomnicky, Gregg A. Peck, David V. Herlihy, Alan T. TI A structured approach for developing indices of biotic integrity: Three examples from streams and rivers in the western USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS STREAMS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; MULTIMETRIC INDEX; WATER-QUALITY; OREGON; IBI; COMMUNITIES; ASSESSMENTS AB In the late 1990s the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency developed a structured set of tests to evaluate and facilitate selection of metrics for indices of biotic integrity (IBIs). These IBIs were designed to be applicable across multistate regions as part of a national assessment of all U.S. waters. Here, we present additional steps in, and refinements to, that IBI development process. We used fish and amphibian assemblage data from 932 stream and river sites in 12 western U.S. states to develop IBIs for Mountains, Xeric, and Plains ecoregions. We divided 237 candidate metrics into nine metric classes representing different attributes of assemblage structure and function. For each ecoregion we sequentially eliminated metrics by testing metric range, signal-to-noise ratios, responsiveness to disturbance, and redundancy to select the best metric in each class. The IBIs for the Mountains and Plains each had seven metrics and the Xeric IBI had five. In the Mountains, half of the estimated stream length that could be assessed had IBI scores greater than 62 (out of 100). In the Xeric and Plains, half the stream length had scores no greater than 50 and no greater than 37, respectively. An estimated 16% of Xeric stream length had scores greater than 62 (the median for the Mountains), while 5% of Plains stream length had scores that exceeded 62. This IBI development process is less subjective and more streamlined and has more clearly defined criteria for metric selection and scoring than those used in the past, while maintaining a strong ecological foundation. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 86 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 136 IS 3 BP 718 EP 735 DI 10.1577/T06-128.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 175DK UT WOS:000246992600013 ER PT J AU Lewis, M Jordan, S Chancy, C Harwell, L Goodman, L Quarles, R AF Lewis, Michael Jordan, Stephen Chancy, Cynthia Harwell, Linda Goodman, Larry Quarles, Robert TI Summer fish community of the coastal northern Gulf of Mexico: Characterization of a large-scale trawl survey SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INDEX; INDICATORS; ESTUARIES; QUALITY; BAY AB Fish were collected by otter trawl at 367 sites from 119 coastal water bodies in the northern Gulf of Mexico, ranging from north-central Florida to the Rio Grande, Texas, during the summer months of 1992-1994. The fish were identified and enumerated, and tissue contaminants (in fillets), and external abnormalities (body, buccal, branchial, and ocular) were determined. Results were compared for sites east and weft of the Mississippi River, within the Mississippi River, seven estuarine categories, and over 3 years. Approximately 31,000 individual fish were captured, representing 100 genera and 141 species. Thirteen species comprised 91 % of the total abundance; abundances of 128 species were 1% or less. Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus, and bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli were the more dominant species. Fourteen species were collected from at least 10% of the sites; 85 species were captured at no more than 1% of the sites. Atlantic croakers and hardhead catfish Ariopsis felis were collected more frequently (>50% of sites). Indices of community structure from the full data set ranged as follows: 2.8 for the Shannon-Wiener index, 0.90 for Simpson's index, and 0.56 for Pielou's evenness index. Chemical contaminants (predominantly total mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]) exceeded federal risk-based consumption guidelines in 2.7% of fillets from four species. External abnormalities occurred on 17 species and approximately 1% of the total number of fish examined. Community structural properties varied temporally across years and spatially over estuarine categories and between areas east and west of the Mississippi River. Four distinct assemblages were identified by cluster analysis of species abundance. Cluster membership was associated with salinity, depth, dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and geographic area. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lewis.michael@epa.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 136 IS 3 BP 829 EP 845 DI 10.1577/T06-077.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 175DK UT WOS:000246992600021 ER PT J AU Beedlow, PA Tingey, DT Waschmann, RS Phillips, DL Johnson, MG AF Beedlow, Peter A. Tingey, David T. Waschmann, Ronald S. Phillips, Donald L. Johnson, Mark G. TI Bole water content shows little seasonal variation in century-old Douglas-fir trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basal area increment; bole water storage; cambial phenology; relative water content; soil water; summer drought; ThetaProbe; wood formation ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE; WOOD STRUCTURE; PICEA-ABIES; SAP FLOW; STORAGE AB Purportedly, large Douglas-fir trees in the American Pacific Northwest use water stored in bole tissues to ameliorate the effects of seasonal summer drought, the water content of bole tissues being drawn down over the summer months and replenished during the winter. Continuous monitoring of bole relative water content (RWC) in two 110-120-year-old Douglas-fir trees with ThetaProbe impedance devices provided an integrated measure of phloem-sapwood water content over 4 years. Seasonal changes in RWC closely tracked cambial activity and wood formation, but lagged changes in soi I water content by 2-3 months. The RWC in the combined phloem and sapwood markedly increased during earlywood production in the late spring and early summer to maximum values of 64-77% as plant available soil water (ASW) decreased by similar to 60%. With transition and latewood formation, RWC decreased to minimum values of 59-72%, even as ASW increased in the fall. The difference between minimum RWC in the fall and maximum RWC in midsummer was only similar to 5%. Seasonal changes in bole RWC corresponded to cambial phenology, although decreasing AWS appeared to trigger the shift from earlywood to latewood formation. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Beedlow, PA (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM beedlow.peter@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 737 EP 747 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168NM UT WOS:000246531300010 PM 17267364 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Tingey, DT Beedlow, PA Johnson, MG Burdick, CA AF Lee, E. Henry Tingey, David T. Beedlow, Peter A. Johnson, Mark G. Burdick, Constance A. TI Relating fine root biomass to soil and climate conditions in the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fine root biomass; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla; soil nitrogen; climate ID DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; WESTERN HEMLOCK; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; HYPOTHESIS; TURNOVER AB The additive contribution of fine root biomass for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) to the stand average fine root biomass were estimated for eight conifer stands in the Pacific Northwest. Based on the Ribbens model fits to root coring data and the size and location of trees in the conifer stands, the estimated stand-level fine root biomass was 188-1157 g m(-2) for P. menziesii and 24-347 g m(-2) for T heterophylla. Site differences in the stand-level fine root biomass for R. menziesii and T. heterophylla were largely explained by climate and soil nitrogen. Fine root biomass for P. menziesii was inversely related to soil nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, annual precipitation and temperature. These relationships were unchanged when data from our sites and four studies in the published literature were combined. In comparison, fine root biomass for T heterophylla was positively related to temperature and precipitation and, to a lesser extent, inversely related to soil nitrogen. Because temperature and precipitation have opposite effects on fine root biomass for P. menziesii and T heterophylla, these climate variables were not important predictor variables for total fine root biomass. In addition, the inverse relationship between total fine root biomass and soil nitrogen was obscured and confounded by the root-climate-species interaction. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lee.ehenry@epa.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.033 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100012 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Scully, K Zhu, X Cai, L Zhang, J Prefontaine, GG Krones, A Ohgi, KA Zhu, P Garcia-Bassets, I Liu, F Taylor, H Lozach, J Jayes, FL Korach, KS Glass, CK Fu, XD Rosenfeld, MG AF Wang, Jianxun Scully, Kathleen Zhu, Xiaoyan Cai, Ling Zhang, Jie Prefontaine, Gratien G. Krones, Anna Ohgi, Kenneth A. Zhu, Ping Garcia-Bassets, Ivan Liu, Forrest Taylor, Havilah Lozach, Jean Jayes, Friederike L. Korach, Kenneth S. Glass, Christopher K. Fu, Xiang-Dong Rosenfeld, Michael G. TI Opposing LSD1 complexes function in developmental gene activation and repression programmes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NOTCH TARGET GENES; LINEAGE DETERMINATION; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; POLYCOMB PROTEIN; PITUITARY-GLAND; EXPRESSION; MICE; GROWTH; TRANSCRIPTION AB Precise control of transcriptional programmes underlying metazoan development is modulated by enzymatically active co-regulatory complexes, coupled with epigenetic strategies. One thing that remains unclear is how specific members of histone modification enzyme families, such as histone methyltransferases and demethylases, are used in vivo to simultaneously orchestrate distinct developmental gene activation and repression programmes. Here, we report that the histone lysine demethylase, LSD1 - a component of the CoREST-CtBP co- repressor complex - is required for late cell-lineage determination and differentiation during pituitary organogenesis. LSD1 seems to act primarily on target gene activation programmes, as well as in gene repression programmes, on the basis of recruitment of distinct LSD1-containing co- activator or co- repressor complexes. LSD1-dependent gene repression programmes can be extended late in development with the induced expression of ZEB1, a Kruppel-like repressor that can act as a molecular beacon for recruitment of the LSD1-containing CoREST-CtBP co- repressor complex, causing repression of an additional cohort of genes, such as Gh, which previously required LSD1 for activation. These findings suggest that temporal patterns of expression of specific components of LSD1 complexes modulate gene regulatory programmes in many mammalian organs. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, Grad Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Mol Pathol Grad Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Rosenfeld, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,Room 345, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mrosenfeld@ucsd.edu RI Garcia-Bassets, Ivan/F-5075-2010; OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X; Garcia-Bassets, Ivan/0000-0002-6941-9585 NR 50 TC 268 Z9 281 U1 4 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 19 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7138 BP 882 EP 887 DI 10.1038/nature05671 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 158IR UT WOS:000245785700035 PM 17392792 ER PT J AU Hudman, RC Jacob, DJ Turquety, S Leibensperger, EM Murray, LT Wu, S Gilliland, AB Avery, M Bertram, TH Brune, W Cohen, RC Dibb, JE Flocke, FM Fried, A Holloway, J Neuman, JA Orville, R Perring, A Ren, X Sachse, GW Singh, HB Swanson, A Wooldridge, PJ AF Hudman, R. C. Jacob, D. J. Turquety, S. Leibensperger, E. M. Murray, L. T. Wu, S. Gilliland, A. B. Avery, M. Bertram, T. H. Brune, W. Cohen, R. C. Dibb, J. E. Flocke, F. M. Fried, A. Holloway, J. Neuman, J. A. Orville, R. Perring, A. Ren, X. Sachse, G. W. Singh, H. B. Swanson, A. Wooldridge, P. J. TI Surface and lightning sources of nitrogen oxides over the United States: Magnitudes, chemical evolution, and outflow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AIRCRAFT NOX EMISSIONS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; MODEL DESCRIPTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSPORT; DISTRIBUTIONS; CHEMISTRY AB [1] We use observations from two aircraft during the ICARTT campaign over the eastern United States and North Atlantic during summer 2004, interpreted with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) to test current understanding of regional sources, chemical evolution, and export of NOx. The boundary layer NOx data provide top-down verification of a 50% decrease in power plant and industry NOx emissions over the eastern United States between 1999 and 2004. Observed NOx concentrations at 8 - 12 km altitude were 0.55 +/- 0.36 ppbv, much larger than in previous U. S. aircraft campaigns (ELCHEM, SUCCESS, SONEX) though consistent with data from the NOXAR program aboard commercial aircraft. We show that regional lightning is the dominant source of this upper tropospheric NOx and increases upper tropospheric ozone by 10 ppbv. Simulating ICARTT upper tropospheric NOx observations with GEOS-Chem requires a factor of 4 increase in modeled NOx yield per flash ( to 500 mol/ flash). Observed OH concentrations were a factor of 2 lower than can be explained from current photochemical models, for reasons that are unclear. A NOy-CO correlation analysis of the fraction f of North American NOx emissions vented to the free troposphere as NOy ( sum of NOx and its oxidation products) shows observed f = 16 +/- 10% and modeled f = 14 +/- 9%, consistent with previous studies. Export to the lower free troposphere is mostly HNO3 but at higher altitudes is mostly PAN. The model successfully simulates NOy export efficiency and speciation, supporting previous model estimates of a large U. S. anthropogenic contribution to global tropospheric ozone through PAN export. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US EPA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, NOAA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hudman, RC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rch@io.harvard.edu RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Ren, Xinrong/B-2229-2010; Hudman, Rynda/C-6118-2009; Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952 NR 69 TC 174 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D12 AR D12S05 DI 10.1029/2006JD007912 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160OL UT WOS:000245952100001 ER PT J AU Messer, LC AF Messer, Lynne C. TI Invited commentary: Beyond the metrics for measuring neighborhood effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE censuses; data collection; epidemiologic methods; psychometrics; residence characteristics; social class; social environment ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MULTILEVEL; HEALTH; RISK; SELECTION; CRIME; WOMEN AB The "neighborhood effects'' literature, as currently constructed in epidemiology, would benefit from critical attention to the following four issues: 1) use of appropriate measurement tools and methods for neighborhood environments; 2) theoretical or conceptual guidance as to the aspects of residential environments most salient to human health (both within and across health endpoints); 3) the scale on which investigators measure neighborhood environments to best correspond to meaningful neighborhood boundaries and relevant neighborhood exposures; and 4) those selection and structural features that confound investigators' capacity to draw causal inferences from neighborhood environments to human health. In this issue of the Journal, Mujahid et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165: 858-867) report on the psychometric and ecometric results of their neighborhood scale testing. By providing a more rigorous approach to testing of neighborhood-attribute measurement tools, they make an important contribution to the literature. Also noteworthy is their explicit use of a conceptual model, which may facilitate the development of more meaningful area-level measures. Unfortunately, while Mujahid et al. had the capacity to consider spatially relevant measures, based on prior research and their conceptual model, they relied exclusively on aggregated census units. Hopefully, the scale issue will be addressed more thoroughly in future work. Clearly, Mujahid et al. have made progress in addressing how, and to a lesser extent what, to measure when researchers estimate neighborhood effects. But equally clearly, important work remains to be done. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Messer, LC (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lmesser@email.unc.edu NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 8 BP 868 EP 871 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm038 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 152GI UT WOS:000245349100003 PM 17329714 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Wang, MY AF Wu, Qiang Wang, Mingyu TI A framework for risk assessment on soil erosion by water using an integrated and systematic approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical hierarchy process (AHP); analytical risk assessment model; integrated and systematic approach; soil erosion by water ID RUSLE; FUTURE AB A new approach for establishment of an analytical risk assessment model to evaluate the risk index for soil erosion by water is proposed, in which the remote sensing, GIS, the analytical hierarchy process (AHIP), and modeling techniques are integrated through investigation of soil erosion by water in a joining area that partially covers the Shanxi province, Shaanxi province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on field survey and information analyses, pertinent factors for soil erosion by water in this region are assessed and nine dominating factors are identified. The considered dominating factors include the soil. type, rainstorm intensity, landform accounting for physiognomy type, ravine density, and land slope, vegetation coverage, mining area, level of water and soil conservation, and type of Land uses. The GIS thematic layers of degrees of risk on soil. erosion for those dominating factors are constructed. The weight of each thematic layer is determined through the AHP technique. This model is then applied in predicting development of soil. erosion at a typical scenario for this study area. A brief discussion on construction and application of this model. is presented. It is demonstrated that the presented methodology is practicable for establishing a risk assessment mode for soil. erosion by water for an area of interest where pertinent information such as remote sensing data is available. A flowchart presenting a general procedure for implementation of the proposed approach is also included. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ctr Subsurface Modelling Support & Shaw Environm, Ada, OK 74820 USA. China Univ Min & Technol, Dept Resources & Earth Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ctr Subsurface Modelling Support & Shaw Environm, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wang.mingyu@epa.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrcl.2007.01.022 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 161PV UT WOS:000246028700002 ER PT J AU Ryaboshapko, A Bullock, OR Christensen, J Cohen, M Dastoor, A Ilyin, I Petersen, G Syrakov, D Artz, RS Davignon, D Draxler, RR Munthe, J AF Ryaboshapko, Alexey Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Christensen, Jesper Cohen, Mark Dastoor, Ashu Ilyin, Ilia Petersen, Gerhard Syrakov, Dimiter Artz, Richard S. Davignon, Didier Draxler, Roland R. Munthe, John TI Intercomparison study of atmospheric mercury models: 1. Comparison of models with short-term measurements SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury species; atmospheric concentrations; atmospheric transport; numerical modelling; model intercomparison ID ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; NORTHERN EUROPE; GREAT-LAKES; MACE HEAD; DEPOSITION; EMISSIONS; FORMULATION; TRANSPORT; AIR AB Five regional scale models with a horizontal domain covering the European continent and its surrounding seas, one hemispheric and one global scale model participated in an atmospheric mercury modelling intercomparison study. Model-predicted concentrations in ambient air were compared against mercury species observed at four monitoring stations in Central and Northern Europe and a station on the Irish west coast. The modelled concentrations of total particulate mercury (TPM) were generally consistent with the measurements at all sites. The models exhibited significant ability to simulate concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), but some of the short-duration peaks at the Central European stations could not be consistently reproduced. Possible reasons for these discrepancies include (1) errors in the anthropogenic emissions inventory utilized; (2) coarse spatial resolution of the models; and (3) uncertainty of natural and re-emitted mercury sources. The largest discrepancies between measurements and modelled concentrations were found for reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). For these models, the uncertainty in predicting short-term (two-week episode) variations of mercury species in air can be characterized by the following overall statistics: 90% of the results for TGM are within a factor of 1.35 of the measurements; for TPM, 90% are within a factor of 2.5; and for RGM, 90% are within a factor of 10. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr, Moscow 125040, Russia. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, Roskilde, Denmark. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Branch, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. GKSS, Res Ctr, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Sofia 1785, Bulgaria. Swedish Environm Res Inst, S-40758 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Ilyin, I (reprint author), Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr, Leningradsky Pr 16-2, Moscow 125040, Russia. EM ilia.ilyin@msceast.org RI Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015 OI Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 376 IS 1-3 BP 228 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.072 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158FH UT WOS:000245776400021 PM 17324448 ER PT J AU DeWitt, JC Copeland, CB Luebke, RW AF DeWitt, Jamie C. Copeland, Carey B. Luebke, Robert W. TI Immune function is not impaired in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to dimethyltin dichloride (DMTC) during development or adulthood SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimethyltin dichloride; drinking water; immunotoxicity ID ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; TOXICITY AB Organotins are used commercially as pesticides antifouling agents and stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Mono- and di-substituted butyltins, used in PVC pipe production, are of concern to the US EPA because they leach from supply pipes into drinking water and are reported multisystem toxicants. We assessed several immune functions in Sprague-Dawley rats after adult or developmental dimethyltin dichloride (DMTC) exposure because various organotins have been reported to be immunotoxic. Adult male and female rats were given drinking water containing 0, 20 or 40 mg DMTC/L (0, 1.7, or 3.4 mg DMTC/kg body weight [BW]) for 28 days. Pregnant females were given the same DMTC drinking water concentrations for a total of 37 days, from gestational day (GD) six through weaning of pups (0, 2.4, or 4.6 mg DMTC/kg BW during gestational exposure; 0, 3.6, or 6.9 mg DMTC/kg BW during postnatal exposure). On postnatal day (PND) two, litters were sexed, weighed, and culled to four males and four females per dam. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), antibody synthesis, and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated in adults (N= 8/sex/group) and in immunologically mature offspring (N= 6/sex/group). Although water consumption was decreased in all of the DMTC dose groups, the immune functions evaluated were not affected. Our data suggest that these immune functions are not sensitive to the levels of DMTC anticipated to occur in drinking water delivered via PVC pipe as the concentrations we used were several orders of magnitude higher than those expected to leach from PVC pipes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeWitt, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, MDB143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jdewitt@email.unc.edu; copeland.carey@epa.gov; luebke.robert@epa.gov OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 232 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.01.017 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 159LE UT WOS:000245866400016 PM 17321662 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Reddy, VB Mishra, BG Rana, RK Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Kumar, Dalip Reddy, V. Buchi Mishra, Braj G. Rana, R. K. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Nanosized magnesium oxide as catalyst for the rapid and green synthesis of substituted 2-amino-2-chromenes SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE 2-amino-2-chromenes; magnesium oxide; multi-component condensation ID SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS; HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; NITRILES; WATER AB A nanosized magnesium oxide catalyzed three-component condensation reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and alpha-naphthol proceeded rapidly in water-PEG to afford corresponding 2-amino-2-chromenes in high yields at room temperature. The greener protocol was found to be fairly general and the catalyst was reused in subsequent reactions with consistent activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Mat Sci, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. EM dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI Rana, Rohit /C-6901-2009 NR 22 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 15 BP 3093 EP 3097 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.019 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 194PN UT WOS:000248356400002 ER PT J AU Peacock, M AF Peacock, Marcus TI Speeding up the EPA review process SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Peacock, M (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5821 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1126/science.316.5821.53 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 153XD UT WOS:000245470500019 PM 17412939 ER PT J AU Montiani-Ferreira, F Shaw, GC Geller, AM Petersen-Jones, SM AF Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano Shaw, Gillian C. Geller, Andrew M. Petersen-Jones, Simon M. TI Electroretinographic features of the retinopathy, globe enlarged (rge) chick phenotype SO MOLECULAR VISION LA English DT Article ID FORM-DEPRIVATION MYOPIA; RETINAL DEGENERATION; CONE DYSTROPHY; B-WAVES; ROD; RECEPTOR; VISION; PHOTORECEPTORS; MUTATION; DISEASE AB Purpose: The purpose of the study was to characterize the electroretinographic features of the autosomal recessive retinopathy, globe enlarged (rge) phenotype, in chickens (Gallus gallus). Methods: Dark-adapted, light-adapted intensity series and light-adapted 30 Hz flicker responses were recorded from rge and age matched normal control chicks from one to 270 days of age. Retinal sections from rge and control retinas were examined in 7 and 270-day-old chicks. Results: Electroretinogram (ERG) thresholds of rge birds were raised, the intensity response plots were shifted toward brighter intensities, and retinal sensitivity was reduced. The leading slope of the dark- and light-adapted a-waves was more shallow than normal, suggesting altered photoreceptor responses. The inner retinal components to the ERG were also abnormal; there was a marked lack of oscillatory potentials and an abnormally smooth and broad shape to the b-wave. Additionally, the b-wave was supernormal in response to brighter stimuli in the earlier stages of the disease. There was a progressive deterioration in ERG amplitudes with age that mirrored a slowly progressive thinning of the photoreceptor layer. Conclusions: The rge chicken has unusual ERG changes from an early age with altered waveforms and initially they develop a supernormal b-wave. This is followed by a progressive reduction of ERG amplitudes with age. The changes suggest that both photoreceptor and inner retinal responses are abnormal. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the origin of the abnormal ERG components in the rge chick. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Vet Med Ctr D208, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Petersen-Jones, SM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Vet Med Ctr D208, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM peter315@cvm.msu.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOLECULAR VISION PI ATLANTA PA C/O JEFF BOATRIGHT, LAB B, 5500 EMORY EYE CENTER, 1327 CLIFTON RD, N E, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA SN 1090-0535 J9 MOL VIS JI Mol. Vis. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 13 IS 57-61 BP 553 EP 565 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology GA 157KT UT WOS:000245719300004 PM 17438521 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-assisted synthesis of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and buckminsterfullerene SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE FIBERS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ROUTE; FABRICATION; POLYMERS; STRENGTH; YARNS AB We report a facile method to accomplish the crosslinking reaction of PVA with SWNTs, MWNTs, and C-60 using MW irradiation. Nanocomposites of PVA crosslinked with SWNT, MWNT and C-60 were prepared expeditiously by reacting the respective carbon nanotubes with 3 wt.-% PVA under, MW irradiation, maintaining a temperature of 100 degrees C, representing a radical improvement over literature Methods to prepare such crosslinked PVA composites. This general preparative procedure is versatile and provides a simple route to manufacture useful SWNT, MWNT and C-60 nanocomposites. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 7 BP 842 EP 847 DI 10.1002/marc.200600878 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 159XS UT WOS:000245901800006 ER PT J AU Menendez, D Inga, A Jordan, JJ Resnick, MA AF Menendez, D. Inga, A. Jordan, J. J. Resnick, M. A. TI Changing the p53 master regulatory network: ELEMENTary, my dear Mr Watson SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Review DE p53; response element; mutants; transactivation; SNP; evolution ID WILD-TYPE P53; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; DNA-BINDING SITE; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; IN-VIVO; FUNCTIONAL ASSAY; HUMAN GENOME; MUTANT P53; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS AB The p53 master regulatory network provides for the stress-responsive direct control of a vast number of genes in humans that can be grouped into several biological categories including cell-cycle control, apoptosis and DNA repair. Similar to other sequence-specific master regulators, there is a matrix of key components, which provide for variation within the p53 master regulatory network that include p53 itself, target response element sequences (REs) that provide for p53 regulation of target genes, chromatin, accessory proteins and transcription machinery. Changes in any of these can impact the expression of individual genes, groups of genes and the eventual biological responses. The many REs represent the core of the master regulatory network. Since defects or altered expression of p53 are associated with over 50% of all cancers and greater than 90% of p53 mutations are in the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, it is important to understand the relationship between wildtype or mutant p53 proteins and the target response elements. In the words of the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes, it is 'Elementary, my dear Mr. Watson.' C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Lab Mol Genet, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. IST, Natl Inst Canc Res, Mol Mutageneis Unit, Dept Translat Oncol, Genoa, Italy. RP Resnick, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Lab Mol Genet, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM resnick@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 98 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 15 BP 2191 EP 2201 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1210277 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 152XE UT WOS:000245394800008 PM 17401428 ER PT J AU Card, JW Voltz, JW Ferguson, CD Carey, MA DeGraff, LM Peddada, SD Morgan, DL Zeldin, DC AF Card, Jeffrey W. Voltz, James W. Ferguson, Catherine D. Carey, Michelle A. DeGraff, Laura M. Peddada, Shyamal D. Morgan, Daniel L. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Male sex hormones promote vagally mediated reflex airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory mechanics; methacholine; androgens ID BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; MICE; METHACHOLINE; BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; INFLAMMATION; ACETYLCHOLINE; SENSITIVITY; BRADYCARDIA; POPULATION; EXPRESSION AB A sex disparity in airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation has been observed in laboratory mice in that males are considerably more responsive than females, but the basis for this difference is unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that male sex hormones promote murine airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation via vagus nerve-mediated reflex mechanisms. In tissue bath preparations, no sex- based differences were observed in the contractile responses of isolated tracheal and bronchial ring segments to carbachol, indicating that the mechanism( s) responsible for the in vivo sex difference is ( are) absent ex vivo. Bilateral cervical vagotomy was found to abolish in vivo airway responsiveness to methacholine in male mice, whereas it did not alter the responses of females, suggesting a regulatory role for male sex hormones in promoting reflex airway constriction. To test this possibility, we next studied mice with altered circulating male sex hormone levels. Castrated male mice displayed airway responsiveness equivalent to that observed in intact females, whereas administration of exogenous testosterone to castrated males restored responsiveness, albeit not to the level observed in intact males. Administration of exogenous testosterone to intact female mice similarly enhanced responsiveness. Importantly, the promotive effects of exogenous testosterone in castrated male and intact female mice were absent when bilateral vagotomy was performed. Together, these data indicate that male sex hormones promote cholinergic airway responsiveness via a vagally mediated reflex mechanism that may be important in the regulation of airway tone in the normal and diseased lung. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101 Rm D236, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101885-03] NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 292 IS 4 BP L908 EP L914 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00407.2006 PG 7 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 188QX UT WOS:000247935500011 PM 17158599 ER PT J AU Powers, MJ Wood, CE AF Powers, Melanie J. Wood, Charles E. TI Ketamine inhibits fetal ACTH responses to cerebral hypoperfusion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemoreceptor; baroreceptor; adrenocorticotropin; proopiomelanocortin; NMDA; glutamate ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; ARGININE VASOPRESSIN RESPONSES; NUCLEUS-TRACTUS-SOLITARIUS; LATE-GESTATION; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; OVINE FETUS; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA; RENIN RESPONSES; PREGNANT EWES AB The present study tested the effect of ketamine on the fetal reflex responses of late-gestation sheep to brachiocephalic occlusion (BCO), a stimulus that mimics the reduction in cerebral blood flow that results from severe fetal hypotension. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic and known noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, has previously been shown to impair chemoreceptor responsiveness. Studies from this laboratory suggest that fetal reflex ACTH responses to hypotension are largely mediated by chemoreceptors; therefore, we hypothesized that ketamine would inhibit the reflex hormonal response to BCO. Chronically catheterized fetal sheep were subjected to acute cerebral hypoperfusion through occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery. Fetal blood pressure and heart rate were continuously recorded, and fetal blood samples drawn during the experiment were analyzed with specific hormone assays. Our results demonstrate that ketamine attenuates hemodynamic responses to cerebral hypoperfusion and is a potent inhibitor of ACTH and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)/pro-ACTH release. These data support the hypothesis that fetal reflex responses hypotension are chemoreceptor mediated. Given the potency with which ketamine inhibits ACTH response to fetal hypotension, we suggest that the use of ketamine or other anesthetic or analgesic drugs that block or otherwise interact with the NMDA-glutamate pathways, in late pregnancy or in preterm newborns be reconsidered. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Funct Genom, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Powers, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, EB MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Powers.melanie@epamail.epa.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD033053-11, R01 HD033053-10A1, R01 HD033053-12, R01 HD042135, HD-42135, R01 HD033053, R01 HD042135-05] NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 292 IS 4 BP R1542 EP R1549 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2006 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 153KM UT WOS:000245432800020 PM 17158270 ER PT J AU Ohira, SI Li, JH Lonneman, WA Dasgupta, PK Toda, K AF Ohira, Shin-Ichi Li, Jianzhong Lonneman, William A. Dasgupta, Purnendu K. Toda, Kei TI Can breath isoprene be measured by ozone chemiluminescence? SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REDUCED SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYL MERCAPTAN; EXPIRED AIR; EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBONS; EXCRETION; ORIGINS AB Isoprene, involved in the biosynthetic pathway to cholesterol, is the prevalent hydrocarbon in breath. Breath isoprene measurement is of great interest as a measure of basal cholesterol production rate. We investigated the merits and pitfalls of isoprene measurement via its chemiluminescence (CL) reaction with ozone. For many subjects, apparent concentrations measured are higher than those obtained by a gas chromatography (GC) reference method that can be traced to ozone-induced CL with simultaneously present lower olefins and sulfur compounds. A warm column preconcentration method eliminates the lower olefins and greatly improves sensitivity while a silver-form, ion-exchange resin can remove the sulfur gases. The breath sample is captured on a miniature synthetic carbon sorbent column maintained at 55 degrees C, under which conditions ethylene, propylene, and water vapor are not significantly captured while the preconcentration process greatly improves the limit of detection for isoprene to 0.6 ppbv (S/N = 3). The captured isoprene is released by heating the column to 150 degrees C. Breath samples from different subjects were collected both before and after meals and analyzed in a double-blind fashion in two laboratories, with the second laboratory performing quantitation by cryofocusing GC-flame ionization detection with parallel measurement by mass spectrometry to provide identity confirmation. For all individuals studied, the CL and the GC results agreed when both warm column preconcentration and passage through Ag+-form cation-exchange resin, which removes divalent sulfur gases, were implemented prior to CL measurement. The intensity of CL from the reaction with ozone can be much higher for some sulfur gases than for isoprene. Even though present at lower concentrations than isoprene, unless removed prior to CL measurement, for some individuals sulfur gases can cause unacceptably large (up to 500%) errors, making the sulfur gas removal step critical. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US EPA, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. RP Dasgupta, PK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM dasgupta@uta.edu NR 46 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 2641 EP 2649 DI 10.1021/ac062334y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 151QA UT WOS:000245304300002 PM 17326613 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Santo Domingo, JW Lu, JR Kelty, CA Graham, JE AF Shanks, Orin C. Santo Domingo, Jorge W. Lu, Jingrang Kelty, Catherine A. Graham, James E. TI Identification of bacterial DNA markers for the detection of human fecal pollution in water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; GENETIC-MARKERS; HOST; HYBRIDIZATION; SYMBIOSIS; SEQUENCE; GENOMES; FECES; PCR AB We used genome fragment enrichment and bioinformatics to identify several microbial DNA sequences with high potential for use as markers in PCR assays for detection of human fecal contamination in water. Following competitive solution-phase hybridization of total DNA from human and pig fecal samples, 351 plasmid clones were sequenced and were determined to define 289 different genomic DNA regions. These putative human-specific fecal bacterial DNA sequences were then analyzed by dot blot hybridization, which confirmed that 98% were present in the source human fecal microbial community and absent from the original pig fecal DNA extract. Comparative sequence analyses of these sequences suggested that a large number (43.5%) were predicted to encode bacterial secreted or surface-associated proteins. Deoxyoligonucleotide primers capable of annealing to a subset of 26 of the candidate sequences predicted to encode factors involved in interactions with host cells were then used in the PCR and did not amplify markers in DNA from any additional pig fecal specimens. These 26 PCR assays exhibited a range of specificity in tests with 11 other animal sources, with more than half amplifying markers only in specimens from dogs or cats. Four assays were more specific, detecting markers only in specimens from humans, including those from 18 different human populations examined. We then demonstrated the potential utility of these assays by using them to detect human fecal contamination in several impacted watersheds. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louisville, KY USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King,Dr MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2416 EP 2422 DI 10.1128/AEM.02474-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 168RT UT WOS:000246542400002 PM 17209067 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Rice, EW Bishop, PL AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Rice, Eugene W. Bishop, Paul L. TI Persistence and decontamination of Bacillus atrophaeus subsp globigii spores on corroded iron in a model drinking water system SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION PIPE BIOFILMS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; PILOT-SCALE; INACTIVATION; CHLORINE; DISINFECTION; FATE; PENETRATION; COLIFORMS; SURVIVAL AB Persistence of Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores on corroded iron coupons in drinking water was studied using a biofilm annular reactor. Spores were inoculated at 10(6) CFU/ml in the dechlorinated reactor bulk water. The dechlorination allowed for observation of the effects of hydraulic shear and biofilm sloughing on persistence. Approximately 50% of the spores initially adhered to the corroded iron surface were not detected after 1 month. Addition of a stable 10 mg/liter free chlorine residual after 1 month led to a 2-log(10) reduction of adhered B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii, but levels on the coupons quickly stabilized thereafter. Increasing the free chlorine concentration to 25 or 70 mg/liter had no additional effect on inactivation. B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores injected in the presence of a typical distribution system chlorine residual (similar to 0.75 mg/liter) resulted in a steady reduction of adhered B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii over 1 month, but levels on the coupons eventually stabilized. Adding elevated chlorine levels (10, 25, and 70 mg/liter) after I month had no effect on the rate of inactivation. Decontamination with elevated free chlorine levels immediately after spore injection resulted in a 3-log(10) reduction within 2 weeks, but the rate of inactivation leveled off afterward. This indicates that free chlorine did not reach portions of the corroded iron surface where B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores had adhered. B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores are capable of persisting for an extended time in the presence of high levels of free chlorine. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, MS 163, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM szabojeff@epa.gov NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2451 EP 2457 DI 10.1128/AEM.02899-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 168RT UT WOS:000246542400006 PM 17308186 ER PT J AU Dhammapala, R Claiborn, C Jimenez, J Corkill, J Gullett, B Simpson, C Paulsen, M AF Dhammapala, Ranil Claiborn, Candis Jimenez, Jorge Corkill, Jeffrey Gullett, Brian Simpson, Christopher Paulsen, Michael TI Emission factors of PAHs, methoxyphenols, levoglucosan, elemental carbon and organic carbon from simulated wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burns SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PAH; methoxyphenol; levoglucosan; elemental carbon; organic carbon; emission factor; combustion efficiency ID FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; WOOD; BIOMASS; COMBUSTION; SAMPLER; TRACERS; AEROSOL; PHASE AB Emission factors (EFs) of pollutants from post-harvest agricultural burning are required for predicting downwind impacts of smoke and inventorying emissions. EFs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), methoxyphenols (NIP), levoglucosan (LG), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) from wheat and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) stubble burning were quantified in a. US EPA test burn facility. The PAH and MP EFs for combined solid+gas phases are 17 +/- 8.2mg kg(-1) and 79 +/- 36mg kg(-1), respectively, for wheat and 21 +/- 15mg kg(-1) and 35 +/- 24 mg kg(-1) respectively, for KBG. LG, particulate EC and artifact-corrected OC EFs are 150 +/- 130 mg kg(-1), 0.35 +/- 0.16 g kg(-1) and 1.9 +/- 1.1 g kg(-1) respectively, for wheat and 350 +/- 510mg kg(-1), 0.63 +/- 0.056 g kg(-1) and 6.9 +/- 0.85 g kg(-1), respectively, for KBG. Positive artifacts associated with OC sampling were evaluated and remedied with a two-filter system. EC and OC accounted for almost two-thirds of PM2.5 mass, while LG accounted for just under 3% of the PM2.5 mass. Since EFs of these pollutants generally decreased with increasing combustion efficiency (CE), identifying and implementing methods of increasing the CEs of burns would help reduce their emissions from agricultural field burning. PAH, OC and EC EFs are comparable to other similar studies reported in literature. MP EFs appear dependent on the stubble type and are lower than the FFs for hard and softwoods reported in literature, possibly due to the lower lignin content in wheat and KBG. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dhammapala, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM chersd@gocougs.wsu.edu NR 41 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2660 EP 2669 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163DY UT WOS:000246140200014 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Nagy, LR Robinson, TR AF Etterson, Matthew A. Nagy, Laura R. Robinson, Tara Rodden TI Partitioning risk among different causes of nest failure SO AUK LA English DT Article DE competing risk; Lanius ludovicianus; loggerhead shrike; nest predation; nesting ecology; Sialia mexicana; Tachycineta bicolor; T. thalassina; tree swallow; violet-green swallow; western bluebird ID DAILY SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; LOGGERHEAD SHRIKES; MAYFIELD METHOD; BREEDING ECOLOGY; TREE CAVITIES; LONG-TERM; SUCCESS; BIRDS; POPULATION; BOXES AB Nest predation and nest parasitism receive the most attention as causes of nest failure for North American songbirds. Yet for many populations, interspecific competition, adverse weather, abandonment, nestling starvation, and egg failure may also be significant causes of nest failure. Despite the long interest in differential failure, serious challenges remain in the estimation of separate probabilities of nest failure from different causes. Apparent rates of failure suffer from at least two sources of bias: heterogeneous ages at discovery and classification error. We developed maximum-likelihood estimators for cause-specific daily probabilities of nest failure. We further show how the estimators can be extended to include classification error, if known. Finally, we demonstrate a simple application to Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), Violet-green Swallows (T. thalassina), and Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana). Daily probabilities of survival were lower for the Loggherhead Shrike (0.978 +/- 0.004) than for any of the three cavity-nesting species (range: 0.989 +/- 0.002 - 0.993 +/- 0.001). Weather was an important cause of nest failure for Loggerhead Shrikes (0.15 +/- 0.05 overall). Conversely, competition among secondary cavity-nesters was not an important contributor to nest failure (range: 2-5% of nest failures) for bluebirds or swallows. Our estimator differs from others by allowing multiple fates to be modeled as separately estimated parameters rather than as covariates to a single estimated failure probability. Thus, our estimator should be viewed as an important complement to existing methods. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 432 EP 443 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[432:PRADCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169MN UT WOS:000246596400006 ER PT J AU Von Holle, B Motzkin, G AF Von Holle, Betsy Motzkin, Glenn TI Historical land use and environmental determinants of nonnative plant distribution in coastal southern New England SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE disturbance; invasion; landscape; land-use history; plant invasion ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SOIL CARBON; SAND PLAIN; CAPE-COD; FOREST; VEGETATION; MASSACHUSETTS; COMMUNITIES; INVASIBILITY; CONSERVATION AB The factors that influence the invasion of natural habitats by normative plants remain poorly understood. We investigated abiotic, biotic, and human influences on the distribution and abundance of normative species in coastal upland habitats of southern New England and adjacent New York, US. We censused vegetation and sampled soils in 776, 20 x 20 In plots in natural areas and constructed a spatially referenced GIS database of the region that included land-use history, distance from roads, and surficial geology. Our results indicate that the modern distribution of normative plants is influenced by multiple, interdependent current and historical factors. Glaciolacustrine landforms had greater nonnative species richness and cover than beach-dune, moraine, and glacial outwash sand plain landforms. Extant open-canopied areas (i.e., grasslands, dunes, heather barrens, and old fields) harbored significantly greater normative species richness and cover than closed-canopy forests, heathlands, and shrublands. Additionally, soil calcium levels and native species richness were positively associated with normative species richness. Sites that were cultivated historically or experienced other soil disturbance had higher normative species richness than areas without soil disturbance. Overall, abiotic, biotic and historical land use affected levels of normative species richness whereas normative cover was largely associated with abiotic conditions, particularly soil characteristics. Because many rare coastal sandplain plants reach their greatest abundance on extant open-canopied habitats, efforts to restore native plants will involve tradeoffs between the benefits of expanded habitat for these species and increased risk of invasion by normative species. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Von Holle, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev 8623N, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM vonholle@fas.harvard.edu NR 73 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.044 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165VF UT WOS:000246333400004 ER PT J AU Choi, D Fung, A Moon, H Ho, D Chen, Y Kan, E Rheem, Y Yoo, B Myung, N AF Choi, D. Fung, A. Moon, H. Ho, D. Chen, Y. Kan, E. Rheem, Y. Yoo, B. Myung, N. TI Transport of living cells with magnetically assembled nanowires SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE positioning living cells; neuron probing; magnetic assembled nanowires; ferromagnetic electrodes; magnetic alignment; neural interrogation AB We present a technique of transporting and positioning living cells internalized by nickel (Ni) nanowires guided by magnetic field. Nanoscale magnetic nanowires are internalized by the Rat Neuroblastoma (ATCC number CRL-2754) and the cells are transported and positioned by magnetic fields from the magnetic material-coated electrodes. This technique may enable the interfacing between neurons and electronic devices to empower investigations pertaining to non-invasive neuron probing as well as nanofabricated neural pharmacological technologies. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Choi, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM choid@seas.ucla.edu RI Ho, Dean/B-7618-2009; Choi, Daniel/A-8181-2017 NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10544-006-9008-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 153JE UT WOS:000245427900005 PM 17111225 ER PT J AU Goldman, JM Murr, AS Cooper, RL AF Goldman, Jerome M. Murr, Ashley S. Cooper, Ralph L. TI The rodent estrous cycle: Characterization of vaginal cytology and its utility in toxicological studies SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rodent estrous cycle; vaginal epithelial cell structure; toxicological studies ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITORS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; FEMALE RAT; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; 4-VINYLCYCLOHEXENE DIEPOXIDE; HYPOTHALAMIC NOREPINEPHRINE; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY AB While an evaluation of the estrous cycle in laboratory rodents can be a useful measure of the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian reproductive axis, it can also serve as a way of insuring that animals exhibiting abnormal cycling patterns are disincluded from a study prior to exposure to a test compound. Assessment of vaginal cytology in regularly cycling animals also provides a means to establish a comparable endocrine milieu for animals at necropsy. The procedure for obtaining a vaginal smear is relatively non-invasive and is one to which animals can become readily accustomed. It requires few supplies, and with some experience the assessments can be easily performed in fresh, unstained smears, or in fixed, stained ones. When incorporated as an adjunct to other endpoint measures, a determination of a female's cycling status can contribute important information about the nature of a toxicant insult to the reproductive system. In doing so, it can help to integrate the data into a more comprehensive mechanistic portrait of the effect, and in terms of risk assessment, may provide some indication of a toxicant's impact on human reproductive physiology. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 80:84-97, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.jerome@epa.gov NR 84 TC 216 Z9 220 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 2 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20106 PG 14 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 163LW UT WOS:000246162300003 PM 17342777 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Laws, SC Das, PC Narotsky, MG Goldman, JM Tyrey, EL Stoker, TE AF Cooper, Ralph L. Laws, Susan C. Das, Parikshit C. Narotsky, Michael G. Goldman, Jerome M. Tyrey, E. Lee Stoker, Tammy E. TI Atrazine and reproductive function: Mode and mechanism of action studies SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE atrazine; GnRH; neuroendocrine ID PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PC12 CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; WISTAR RATS; IN-VITRO AB Atrazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, is used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. In this review, we summarize our laboratory's work evaluating the neuroendocrine toxicity of atrazine (and related chlorotriazines) from an historic perspective. We provide the rationale for our work as we have endeavored to determine: 1) the underlying reproductive changes leading to the development of mammary gland tumors in the atrazine-exposed female rat; 2) the cascade of physiological events that are responsible for these changes (i.e., the mode of action for mammary tumors); 3) the potential cellular mechanisms involving adverse effects of atrazine; and 4) the range of reproductive alterations associated with this pesticide. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 80:98-112, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Reprod Biol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooper.ralph@epa.gov NR 71 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 7 U2 34 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 2 BP 98 EP 112 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20110 PG 15 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 163LW UT WOS:000246162300004 PM 17443714 ER PT J AU Su, CM Puls, RW AF Su, Chunming Puls, Robert W. TI Removal of added nitrate in the single, binary, and ternary systems of cotton burr compost, zerovalent iron, and sediment: Implications for groundwater nitrate remediation using permeable reactive barriers SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE groundwater nitrate; remediation; autotrophic/heterotrophic denitrification; cotton burr compost; zerovalent iron; permeable reactive barriers ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; DRINKING-WATER; DENITRIFICATION WALL; AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION; AQUEOUS NITRATE; REDUCTION; KINETICS; PH; POWDER AB Recent research has shown that carbonaceous solid materials and zerovalent iron (Fe-0) may potentially be used as media in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to degrade groundwater nitrate via heterotrophic denitrification in the solid carbon system, and via abiotic reduction and autotrophic denitrification in the Fe-0 system. Questions arise as whether the more expensive Fe-0 is more effective than the less expensive carbonaceous solid materials for groundwater nitrate remediation, and whether there is any synergistic effect of mixing the two different types of materials. We carried out batch tests to study the nature and rates of removal of added nitrate in the suspensions of single, binary, and ternary systems of cotton burr compost, Peerless Fe, and a sediment low in organic carbon. Cotton burr compost acted as both organic carbon source and supporting material for the growth of indigenous denitrifiers. Batch tests showed that cotton burr compost alone removed added nitrate at a greater rate than did Peerless Fe-0 alone on an equal mass basis with a pseudo-first-order rate constant k = 0.0830 +/- 0.0031 h(-1) for cotton burr compost and a k = 0.00223 +/- 0.00022 h(-1) for Peerless Fe-0; cotton burr compost also removed added nitrate at a faster rate than did cotton burr compost mixed with Peerless Fe-0 and/or the sediment. Furthermore, there was no substantial accumulation of ammonium ions in the cotton burr compost system, in contrast to the systems containing Peerless Fe-0 in which ammonium ions persisted as major products of nitrate reduction. It is concluded that cotton burr compost alone may be used as an excellent denitrification medium in a PRB for groundwater nitrate removal. Further study is needed to evaluate performance of its field applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM su.chunming@epa.gov; puls.robert@epa.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1653 EP 1662 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.059 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157ER UT WOS:000245701900023 PM 17257645 ER PT J AU Ferrario, J Byrne, C Schaum, J AF Ferrario, Joseph Byrne, Christian Schaum, John TI Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in processed ball clay from the United States SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs CY SEP, 2004 CL Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP German Fed Environm Minist, Japanese Minist Environm, Japanese Ctr Environm Informat Sci, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci HO Tech Univ Berlin DE pottery; dioxins; ceramics; human exposure.; ball clay; congener profile ID LUNG-CANCER; ENVIRONMENT; RISK AB Processed ball clays commonly used by the ceramic art industry in the United States were collected from retail suppliers and analyzed for the presence and concentration of the 2,3,7,8-Cl substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs). The average PCDD toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of these processed ball clays was approximately 800 pg/g (TEQ-WHO) with characteristic congener profiles and isomer distributions similar to patterns of previously analyzed raw and processed ball clays. The PCDF concentrations were below the average limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/g. Correlation analyses reveal no significant relationship between total organic carbon (TOC) and either individual, homologues, and total tetra-through octa-chlorinated PCDD congeners, or TEQ concentrations of the processed ball clays. The results are consistent with earlier studies on levels of PCDDs in ball clays. Data from earlier studies indicated that dioxins may be released to the environment during, the processing of raw clay or the firing process used in commercial ceramic facilities. The presence of dioxin in the clays also raises concerns about potential occupational exposure for individuals involved in the mining/processing of ball clay, ceramics manufacturing and ceramic artwork. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Environm Chem Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ferrario, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Environm Chem Lab, Bldg 1105, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ferrario.joseph@epa.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 9 SI SI BP 1816 EP 1821 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.143 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 161ZH UT WOS:000246055300019 PM 17223172 ER PT J AU Mallikarjuna, NN Varma, RS AF Mallikarjuna, Nadagouda N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-assisted shape-controlled bulk synthesis of noble nanocrystals and their catalytic properties SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID WET CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CONTROLLED GROWTH; SILVER NANOWIRES; NANOSTRUCTURES; INTERFACE; NANORODS; PD AB Bulk and shape-controlled synthesis of gold (Au) nanostructures with various shapes such as prisms, cubes, and hexagons is described that occurs via microwave-assisted spontaneous reduction of noble metal salts using an aqueous solution of alpha-D-glucose, sucrose, and maltose. The expeditious reaction is completed under microwave irradiation in 30-60 s and can be applied to the generation of nanospheres of silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt). The noble nanocrystals undergo catalytic oxidation with monomers such as pyrrole to generate noble nanocomposites, which have potential functions in catalysis, biosensors, energy storage systems, nanodevices, and other ever-expanding technological applications. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 30 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 686 EP 690 DI 10.1021/cg060506e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 153CD UT WOS:000245408400020 ER PT J AU Chadwick, LH Wade, PA AF Chadwick, Lisa Helbling Wade, Paul A. TI MeCP2 in Rett syndrome: transcriptional repressor or chromatin architectural protein? SO CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID DNA METHYLATION; MOUSE MODEL; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; BDNF TRANSCRIPTION; UBE3A EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MUTANT MICE; MUTATIONS; CLUSTER; BRAIN AB Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder caused by mutations in the methyl-DNA binding protein MeCP2. The longstanding model depicting MeCP2 as a transcriptional repressor predicts that the Rett syndrome phenotype probably results from misregulation of MeCP2 target genes. Somewhat unexpectedly, the identification of such targets has proven challenging. The recent identification of two MeCP2 targets, BDNF and DLX5, are suggestive of two very different roles for this protein - one as a classical repressor protein, and the other as a mediator of a complex, specialized chromatin structure. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wadep2@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-437X J9 CURR OPIN GENET DEV JI Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.gde.2007.02.003 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 162LW UT WOS:000246089900007 PM 17317146 ER PT J AU Chan, SSL Santos, JH Meyer, JN Mandavilli, BS Cook, DL McCash, CL Kissling, GE Nyska, A Foley, JF van Houten, B Copeland, WC Walker, VE Witt, KL Bishop, JB AF Chan, Sherine S. L. Santos, Janine H. Meyer, Joel N. Mandavilli, Bhaskar S. Cook, Dennis L., Jr. McCash, Consuelo L. Kissling, Grace E. Nyska, Abraham Foley, Julie F. van Houten, Bennett Copeland, William C. Walker, Vernon E. Witt, Kristine L. Bishop, Jack B. TI Mitochondrial toxicity in hearts of CD-1 mice following perinatal exposure to AZT, 3TC, or AZT/3TC in combination SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; mutations; cardiomyopathy; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Combivir; PCR ID DNA POLYMERASE-ALPHA; ANTIVIRAL NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS; VIRUS REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTI-HIV DEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; MOUSE PUPS; IN-UTERO; UNINFECTED INFANTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PATAS MONKEYS AB Antiretroviral therapies based on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), like zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) and lamivudine ((-)2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine; 3TC), markedly reduce mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, AZT induces damage in nuclear DNA of mice exposed in utero and postnatally, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage has been observed in both human and mouse neonates following perinatal exposure to AZT and AZT/3TC in combination. To provide animal data modeling the NRTI-induced heart damage reported in human infants, we treated pregnant CD-1 mice throughout gestation and treated their pups by direct gavage from postnatal day (PND) 4 through PND 28 with daily doses of 150 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day AZT, 75 mg/ kg bw/day 3TC, 125/62.5 mg/kg bw/day AZT/ 3TC, or the vehicle control. Half the pups were euthanized on PND 28; the remainder received no further dosing, and were euthanized at week 10. Heart tissue was collected, total DNA was extracted, and mtDNA copy number relative to nuclear DNA copy number, mtDNA damage, and mtDNA mutation assays were performed using PCRbased methods. Analyses revealed increases in mtDNA lesions in 4-week-old males and females treated with AZT or 3TC, but not in 10-week-old mice, suggesting that the damage resolved after treatment ceased. Interestingly, 10-week-old females treated with AZT/3TC had significant increases in mtDNA damage. Point mutations were elevated in 10-week-old females treated with AZT or AZT/3TC, but not 3TC; no increases in mutations were seen in either gender at 4 weeks of age. Our data suggest that AZT/3TC combination treatment produces greater mtDNA damage than either agent individually, and that female mice are more sensitive than males to AZT/3TC-induced mtDNA damage. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 48:190-200, 2007. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bishop, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, POB 12233,MD EC-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bishop@niehs.nih.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL072727]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES012072, N01-ES-75409] NR 51 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1002/em.20191 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 151VE UT WOS:000245318100005 PM 16395692 ER PT J AU Dobrovolsky, VN Shaddock, JG Mittelstaedt, RA Bishop, ME Lewis, SM Lee, FW Aidoo, A Leakey, JEA Dunnick, JK Heflich, RH AF Dobrovolsky, Vasily N. Shaddock, Joseph G. Mittelstaedt, Roberta A. Bishop, Michelle E. Lewis, Sherry M. Lee, Fei W. Aidoo, Anane Leakey, Julian E. A. Dunnick, June K. Heflich, Robert H. TI Frequency of Hprt mutant lymphocytes and micronucleated erythrocytes in p53-haplodeficient mice treated perinatally with AZT and AZT in combination with 3TC SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors; reticulocytes; normochromatic erythrocytes; transplacental exposure; neonatal exposure ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; DNA-POLYMERASE; 3'-AZIDO-3'-DEOXYTHYMIDINE AZT; MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; TK(+/-) MICE AB Azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used for reducing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Combinations of AZT and 3'-thiacyticline (3TC) are even more effective than AZT alone. AZT, however, is a mutagen and carcinogen in rodent models and 3TC can increase the genotoxicity of AZT. Since p53 plays a key role in human and mouse tumorigenesis, p53-haplodeficient mice are currently being evaluated as a model for assessing the carcinogenicity of perinatal exposure to NRTIs. In the present study, male C57BL/6 p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice were mated with C3H p53(+/+) females; the pregnant females were treated on gestation day 12 through parturition with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg of AZT or a combination of 160 mg/kg AZT and 100 mg/kg 3TC (AZT-3TC); the p53(+/+) and p53(+/-) offspring were treated daily after birth through postnatal day (PND) 28. The frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MN-NCEs) were determined on PNDI, PND 10, and PND28; the frequency of Hprt mutant lymphocytes was measured on PND28. The frequencies of MN-RETs and MN-NCEs were increased in treated animals at all time points; there were no differences in the responses of p53(+/+) and p53(+/-) animals treated with identical doses of NRTIs. After correction for clonal expansion, both AZT and AZT-3TC treatments induced small but significant increases in the frequency of Hprt mutant lymphocytes in p53(+/-) mice, but not in p53(+/+) mice. The data indicatethatp53 haplodeficiency affects the genotoxicity of NRTIs; thus, p53(+/-) mice may be a sensitive model for evaluating the carcinogenicity of perinatal exposure to NRTIs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:270-282, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, US FDA, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Off Sci Coordinat, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dobrovolsky, VN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, US FDA, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, 3900 NCTR Rd,HFT 120, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM vasily.dobrovolsky@fda.hhs.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 270 EP 282 DI 10.1002/em.20280 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 151VE UT WOS:000245318100013 PM 17358030 ER PT J AU Walker, DM Malarkey, DE Seilkop, SK Ruecker, FA Funk, KA Wolfe, MJ Treanor, CP Foley, JF Hahn, FF Hardisty, JF Walker, VE AF Walker, Dale M. Malarkey, David E. Seilkop, Steven K. Ruecker, Frederick A. Funk, Kathleen A. Wolfe, Marilyn J. Treanor, Christopher P. Foley, Julie F. Hahn, Fletcher F. Hardisty, Jerry F. Walker, Vernon E. TI Transplacental carcinogenicity of 3 '-azido-3 '-deoxythymidine in B6C3F1 mice and f344 rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE carcinogenicity; mice; pregnancy; rats; zidovudine ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; HPRT LYMPHOCYTE MUTANTS; BONE-MARROW-CELLS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DNA INCORPORATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT AB The prophylactic use of zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, AZT) during pregnancy greatly reduces transmission of HIV-1 from infected mothers to their infants; however, the affinity of host cell DNA polymerases for AZT also allows for its incorporation into host cell DNA, predisposing to cancer development. To expand upon previous transplacental carcinogenesis assays performed in CD-1 mice, the transplacental carcinogenicity of AZT was evaluated in a second mouse strain and a second rodent species. Date-mated female mice and rats were gavaged daily with 0, 80, 240, or 480 mg AZT/kg bw during the last 7 days of gestation. At 2 years postpartum, male and female B6C3Fl mouse and F344 rat offspring (n=44-46 of each sex and species/treatment group) were necropsied for gross and microscopic tissue examinations. Under the conditions of these two-year studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity based upon significant dose-related trends and increases in the incidences of hemangiosarcoma in male mice and mononuclear cell leukemia in female rats. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity in the livers of male mice based upon a positive trend and an increased incidence of hepatic carcinoma in the high-dose AZT group. The incidence of gliomas in female rats exceeded the historical background rates for gliomas in F344 rats. P53 overexpression was detected in some AZT-treated mouse neoplasms. These and other cancer-related findings confirm and extend those of previous transplacental carcinogenicity studies of AZT in mice, support the need for long-term followup of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-exposed children, and indicate the necessity for effective protective strategies against NRTI-induced side effects. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 48:283-298, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Herndon, VA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. SKS Consulting Serv, Siler City, NC USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharmacol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Walker, VE (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM vwalker@lrri.org FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA95741]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD33648] NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1002/em.20297 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 151VE UT WOS:000245318100014 PM 17358026 ER PT J AU Swanson, KJ Madden, MC Ghio, AJ AF Swanson, Kimberly J. Madden, Michael C. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Biodiesel exhaust: The need for health effects research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; biodiesel; diesel exhaust; diesel fuels; lung diseases; vehicle emissions ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ENGINE EMISSIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE; IN-VITRO; DIESEL; EXPRESSION; INDUCE; FUEL AB BACKGROUND: Biodiesel is a diesel fuel alternative that has shown potential of becoming a commercially accepted part of the United States' energy infrastructure. In November 2004, the signing of the jobs Creation Bill HR 4520 marked an important turning point for the future production of biodiesel in the United States because it offers a federal excise tax credit. By the end of 2005, industry production was 75 million gallons, a 300% increase in I year. Current industry A capacity, however, stands at just over 300 million gallons/year, and current expansion and new plant construction could double the industry's capacity within a few years. Biodiesel exhaust emission has been extensively characterized under field and laboratory conditions, but there have been limited cytotoxicity and mutagenicity studies on the effects of biodiesel exhaust in biologic systems. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed pertinent medical literature and addressed recommendations on testing specific research needs in the field of biodiesel toxicity. DISCUSSION: Employment of biodiesel fuel is favorably viewed, and there are suggestions that its exhaust emissions are less likely to present any risk to human health relative to petroleum diesel emissions. CONCLUSION: The speculative nature of a reduction in health effects based on chemical composition of biodiesel exhaust needs to be followed up with investigations in biologic systems. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov RI Molina, Carolina/E-3898-2015 OI Molina, Carolina/0000-0001-6659-994X NR 29 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 4 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1289/ehp.9631 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153DV UT WOS:000245412800026 PM 17450214 ER PT J AU Karoly, ED Li, ZW Dailey, LA Hyseni, X Huang, YCT AF Karoly, Edward D. Li, Zhuowei Dailey, Lisa A. Hyseni, Xhevahire Huang, Yuh-Chin T. TI Up-regulation of tissue factor in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells after ultrafine particle exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE coagulation cascade; human endothelial cells; microarray; particulate matter; tissue factor ID MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; FACTOR EXPRESSION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DEFICIENT MICE; COAGULATION; HEART; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ASSOCIATION; ACTIVATION AB BACKGROUND: Epidemiology studies have linked exposure to pollutant particles to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but the mechanisms remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that the ultrafine fraction of ambient pollutant particles would cause endothelial cell dysfunction. METHODS: We profiled gene expression of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) exposed to ultrafine particles (UFPs; 100 mu g/mL) from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, or vehicle for 4 hr with Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 chips (n = 4(.)each). RESULTS: We found 320 up-regulated genes and 106 down-regulated genes (p < 0.01, 5% false discovery rate). We noted up-regulation of genes related to coagulation [tissue factor (F3) and coagulation factor 11 receptor-like 2 (F2RL2)] and differential regulation of genes related to F3 signaling (FOS, JUN, and NFKBIA). Results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction show a significant upregulation of F3 after 10 and 100 mu g/mL UFP exposures. Additionally, the water-soluble fractions of UFPs were sufficient to induce the expression of F3, F2RL2, and heme oxygenase I (HMOX1). Treatment of HPAEC with UFPs for 16 hr increased the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Pretreatment of HPAEC with a blocking antibody against F3 attenuated IL-6 and IL-8 release by 30 and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using gene profiling, we discovered that UFPs may induce vascular endothelial cells to express genes related to dotting. These results indicate that PM may cause adverse cardiovascular health effects by activating coagulation-inflammation circuitry. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Karoly, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-58D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM karoly.edward@epa.gov NR 54 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 4 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1289/ehp.9556 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153DV UT WOS:000245412800033 PM 17450221 ER PT J AU Enoch, RR Stanko, JP Greiner, SN Youngblood, GL Rayner, JL Fenton, SE AF Enoch, Rolondo R. Stanko, Jason P. Greiner, Sara N. Youngblood, Geri L. Rayner, Jennifer L. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Mammary gland development as a sensitive end point after acute prenatal exposure to an atrazine metabolite mixture in female long-evans rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol DE atrazine; body weight; development; mammary gland; metabolites; mixture; prenatal; exposure; puberty ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; WISTAR RATS; FISCHER-344 RATS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; IN-UTERO; ESTROGEN; STRAIN; CHLOROTRIAZINE AB BACKGROUND: Atrazine (ATR), a widely used chlorotriazine herbicide, inhibits a number of endocrine-dependent processes, including gonadotrophin surges and mammary gland development in rats. Chlorotriazine herbicides are rapidly metabolized in plants and animals to form a group of metabolites that are detected both in the environment and in exposed animals. The extent to which these metabolites are responsible directly for the observed health effects is not understood. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to determine if a mixture of ATR metabolites, in proportions found in the environment, might produce developmental effects in Long-Evans rats following exposure late in pregnancy. METHODS: We administered an ATR metabolite mixture (AMM) containing ATR, hydroxyatrazine, diaminochlorotriazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine orally to pregnant Long-Evans rats at 0.09, 0.87, or 8.73 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day, on gestation days 15-19, using 0 and 100 mg ATR/kg bw/day as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS: We observed no significant effect of acute AMM exposure on body weight gain in dams during the dosing period, weight loss in pups on postnatal day (PND)4, or pubertal timing, as is seen with ATR alone. However, as with ATR, we detected delayed mammary gland development, evaluated by whole mount analysis, as early as PND4 in all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acute exposure to AMM at levels as low as 0.09 mg/kg bw during late pregnancy causes persistent alterations in mammary gland development of female offspring, and that these effects do not appear to be related to bw or associated with pubertal timing. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 2525 Hwy 54,MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov NR 43 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 4 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1289/ehp.9612 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153DV UT WOS:000245412800034 PM 17450222 ER PT J AU Lein, PJ Yang, DR Bachstetter, AD Tilson, HA Harry, GJ Mervis, RF Kodavanti, PRS AF Lein, Pamela J. Yang, Dongren Bachstetter, Adam D. Tilson, Hugh A. Harry, G. Jean Mervis, Ronald F. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI Ontogenetic alterations in molecular and structural correlates of dendritic growth after developmental exposure to polychlorinated Biphenyls SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dendritogenesis; developmental neurotoxicology; learning and memory; molecular markers; polychlorinated biphenyls ID THYROID HORMONE-LIKE; ENVIRONMENTAL PCB MIXTURE; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; FETAL-RAT BRAIN; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; RYANODINE RECEPTORS; COMMERCIAL MIXTURE; MENTAL-RETARDATION AB OBJECTIVE: Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with decreased IQ scores, impaired learning and memory, psychomotor difficulties, and attentional deficits in children. It is postulated that these neuropsychological deficits reflect altered patterns of neuronal connectivity. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of developmental PCB exposure on dendritic growth. METHODS: Rat dams were gavaged from gestational day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21 with vehicle (corn oil) or the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 (6 mg/kg/day). Dendritic growth and molecular markers were examined in pups during development. RESULTS: Golgi analyses of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinge cells indicated that developmental exposure to PCBs caused a pronounced age-related increase in dendritic growth. Thus, even though dendritic lengths were significantly attenuated in PCB-treated animals at PND22, the rate of growth was accelerated at later ages such that by PND60, dendritic growth was comparable to or even exceeded that observed in vehicle controls. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that from PND4 through PND21, PCBs generally increased expression of both spinophilin and RC3/neurogranin mRNA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex with the most significant increases observed in the cortex. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that developmental PCB exposure alters the ontogenetic profile of dendritogenesis in critical brain regions, supporting the hypothesis that disruption of neuronal connectivity contributes to neuropsychological deficits seen in exposed children. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol, Portland, OR USA. Neurostruct Res Labs, Tampa, FL USA. Univ S Florida, Ctr Excellence Aging & Brain Repair, Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurosurg, Tampa, FL USA. NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 40936, R03 HD040936]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 046649, R01 NS046649] NR 96 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 4 BP 556 EP 563 DI 10.1289/ehp.9773 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153DV UT WOS:000245412800036 PM 17450224 ER PT J AU Axelrad, DA Bellinger, DC Ryan, LM Woodruff, TJ AF Axelrad, Daniel A. Bellinger, David C. Ryan, Louise M. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI Dose-response relationship of prenatal mercury exposure and IQ: An integrative analysis of epidemiologic data SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; benefits; dose-response model; epidemiology; IQ; mercury; neurodevelopmental effects; noncancer risk assessment; prenatal exposure ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FISH CONSUMPTION; OUTCOMES; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to mercury has been associated with adverse childhood neurologic outcomes in epidemiologic studies. Dose-response information for this relationship is useful for estimating benefits of reduced mercury exposure. OBJECTIVES: We estimated a dose-response relationship between maternal mercury body burden and subsequent childhood decrements in intelligence quotient (IQ), using a Bayesian hierarchical model to integrate data from three epidemiologic studies. METHODS: Inputs to the model consist of dose-response coefficients from studies conducted in the Faroe Islands, New Zealand, and the Seychelles Islands. IQ coefficients were available from previous work for the latter two studies, and a coefficient for the Faroe Islands study was estimated from three IQ subtests. Other tests of cognition/achievement were included in the hierarchical model to obtain more accurate estimates of study-to-study and end point-to-end point variability. RESULTS: We find a central estimate of -0.18 IQ points (95% confidence interval, -0.378 to -0.009) for each parts per million increase of maternal hair mercury, similar to the estimates for both the Faroe Islands and Seychelles studies, and lower in magnitude than the estimate for the New Zealand study. Sensitivity analyses produce similar results, with the IQ coefficient central estimate ranging from -0.13 to -0.25. CONCLUSIONS: IQ is a useful end point for estimating neurodevelopmental effects, but may not fully represent cognitive deficits associated with mercury exposure, and does not represent deficits related to attention and motor skills. Nevertheless, the integrated IQ coefficient provides a more robust description of the dose-response relationship for prenatal mercury exposure and cognitive functioning than results of any single study. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Axelrad, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Penn Ave NW,1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM axelrad.daniel@epa.gov RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 000002, P30 ES000002] NR 39 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 4 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1289/ehp.9303 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 153DV UT WOS:000245412800044 PM 17450232 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Knight, CG AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. Knight, C. Gregory TI Sensitivity analysis of aggregated indices for integrated assessment with a case study of the mid-Atlantic region SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Integrated Environmental Assessment; aggregated index; fuzzy classification ID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; INDICATORS; SUSTAINABILITY; FRAMEWORK; VULNERABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Environmental indicators are often aggregated into a single index for various purposes in environmental studies. Aggregated indices derived from the same data set can differ, usually because the aggregated indices' sensitivities are not thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, if a sensitivity analysis is carried out, it is not presented in a transparent fashion to policy decision-makers. This paper presents a method of generating various aggregated environmental indices and analyzing their sensitivities via the use of the fuzzy set concept. Results show that several insights into the environmental conditions of the study area (e.g., the distribution of good or bad values of indicators at a watershed and or across the region) can be revealed in the sensitivity analysis of aggregated indices. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. TN & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 506 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0082-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148MK UT WOS:000245078700006 PM 17340050 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Harvey, JE Harwell, LC Summers, JK AF Smith, Lisa M. Harvey, James E. Harwell, Linda C. Summers, J. Kevin TI The ecological condition of Gulf of Mexico resources from Perdido Key to Port St. Joe, Florida: Part II near-shelf coastal resources SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE benthic communities; Gulf of Mexico; monitoring; near-shelf resources; sediment quality; water quality ID ESTUARIES; SEDIMENTS; MARINE; STRESS AB In 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division initiated a pilot study to assess the condition of nearshore coastal resources. Near-shelf areas associated with coastal beaches are susceptible to land based activities, but are not consistently monitored. Additionally, few or no marine water quality criteria exist for evaluating these waters. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the ecological condition of Gulf of Mexico near-shelf resources using a probability-based survey design. Data are used to generate a baseline assessment of condition in coastal nearshore areas and provide a comparative tool for evaluating future trends in condition. Water quality, sediment quality and benthic diversity data can provide a baseline assessment for managers to evaluate the potential for future problems such as nutrient over-enrichment, sediment contamination and degraded biological condition. We present results from a probability-based survey demonstration assessing near-shelf resources along the Florida panhandle. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM smith.lisam@epa.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9273-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142YK UT WOS:000244687000019 PM 16917687 ER PT J AU Copeland, RC Lytle, DA Dionysiou, DD AF Copeland, Rachel C. Lytle, Darren A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Desorption of arsenic from drinking water distribution system solids SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic release; desorption; drinking water distribution systems; orthophosphate; pH; pipe scales; hydrant flushes; corrosion control ID COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; NATURAL-WATERS; CLAY-MINERALS; IRON-OXIDES; SORPTION; SOILS; REMOVAL; FERRIHYDRITE; PHOSPHATE; GOETHITE AB Previous work has shown that arsenic can accumulate in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) solids (Lytle et al., 2004) when arsenic is present in the water. The release of arsenic back into the water through particulate transport and/or chemical release (e.g. desorption, dissolution) could result in elevated arsenic levels at the consumers' tap. The primary objective of this work was to examine the impact of pH and orthophosphate on the chemical release (i.e. desorption) of arsenic from nine DWDS solids collected from utilities located in the Midwest. Arsenic release comparisons were based on the examination of arsenic and other water quality parameters in leach water after contact with the solids over the course of 168 hours. Results showed that arsenic was released from solids and suggested that arsenic release was a result of desorption rather than dissolution. Arsenic release generally increased with increasing initial arsenic concentration in the solid and increasing pH levels (in the test range of 7 to 9). Finally, orthophosphate (3 and 5 mg PO4/L) increased arsenic release at all pH values examined. Based on the study results, utilities with measurable levels of arsenic present in their water should be aware that some water quality changes can cause arsenic release in the DWDS potentially resulting in elevated levels at the consumer's tap. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 523 EP 535 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9299-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142YK UT WOS:000244687000045 PM 17033727 ER PT J AU Newbold, SC Iovanna, R AF Newbold, Stephen C. Iovanna, Rich TI Population level impacts of cooling water withdrawals on harvested fish stocks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTRAINMENT; IMPINGEMENT; MODEL AB Trillions of gallons are withdrawn every year from U.S. rivers, estuaries, lakes, and coastal waters to cool the turbines of power plants and other equipment in manufacturing facilities. In the process, large numbers of aquatic organisms die from entrainment into the plant or impingement against the outer portion of the intake structure. In this paper, we develop a generalized age-structured population model with density dependent survival of sub-adult age classes, and we use the model to perform a screening analysis of the effects of entrainment and impingement for 15 harvested fish stocks off the California and Atlantic coasts. Stock sizes are estimated to be depressed by entrainment and impingement by less than 1% in 10 of the 15 cases considered, between 1 and 3% in two cases, and between 20 and 80% in three cases. A variety of sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the influence of several sources of model and parameter uncertainties. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2108 EP 2114 DI 10.1021/es060812g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900013 PM 17438750 ER PT J AU Knightes, CD Ambrose, RB AF Knightes, Christopher D. Ambrose, Robert B., Jr. TI Evaluating regional predictive capacity of a process-based mercury exposure model, regional-mercury cycling model, applied to 91 Vermont and New Hampshire lakes and ponds, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fish advisory; methylmercury; mercury; model evaluation; regional mercury cycling model ID MASS-BALANCE; ONONDAGA LAKE; GREAT-LAKES; FATE; DEPOSITION AB Regulatory agencies must develop fish consumption advisories for many lakes and rivers with limited resources. Process-based mathematical models are potentially valuable tools for developing regional fish advisories. The regional mercury cycling model (R-MCM) specifically was designed to model a series of lakes for a given region with site-specific data and parameterization for each application. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of R-MCM application to develop regional fish advisories from existing data by testing model performance across 91 Vermont ([VT], USA) and New Hampshire ([NH], USA) lakes. We use a progressive method of parameter refinement ranging from simple defaults specified by the model to site-specific parameterization to evaluate potential improvements in model prediction. Model applications and parameter refinement tiers are based on Regional Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program (REMAP) data. Results show that R-MCM generally underpredicts water column methylmercury and total mercury concentrations and overpredicts sediment methylmercury concentrations. Default level input parameterization produced the largest amount of random scatter in model forecasted values. Using site-specific values for the default level characteristics reduced this variability but did not improve overall model performance. By separating the observed and predicted data by lake characteristics, we identify some overall trends in bias and fit, but are unable to identify systematic biases in model performance by lake type. This analysis suggests that process-based models like R-MCM cannot be used for a priori predictive applications at the regional scale at this time. Further, this work reinforces the need for additional research on the transport and transformation of mercury to elucidate parameterization useable in a modeling framework to help refine predictive capabilities of process-based models. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Knightes, CD (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM knightes.chris@epa.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1897/06-317R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 146MJ UT WOS:000244938200028 PM 17447567 ER PT J AU Shofer, S Badea, C Auerbach, S Schwartz, DA Johnson, GA AF Shofer, Scott Badea, Cristian Auerbach, Scott Schwartz, David A. Johnson, G. Allan TI A micro-computed tomography-based method for the measurement of pulmonary compliance in healthy and bleomycin-exposed mice SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microCT; pulmonary compliance; pulmonary fibrosis ID SMALL ANIMALS; LUNG; FIBROSIS; CT AB Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is being increasingly used to examine small animal models of pulmonary injury. The authors have developed a microCT technique suitable for the determination of pulmonary compliance in injured mice. Lung volumes in normal mice were radio-graphically determined at end-inspiration and end-expiration and pulmonary compliance was calculated at 2 time points 2 weeks apart, whereas a second group of mice were given bleomycin and imaged 3 weeks following drug administration. Compliance measurements were validated using a commercially available ventilator system. MicroCT pulmonary compliance measurements are suitable for longitudinal measurements, and correlate with physiologic measurements of pulmonary compliance. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Vivo Microscopy, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Shofer, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Box 3221, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM scott.shofer@duke.edu RI Badea, Cristian/B-6681-2011; OI Badea, Cristian/0000-0002-1850-2522; Johnson, G.Allan/0000-0002-7606-5447 FU NCI NIH HHS [R24 CA092656-06, R24 CA092656]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR005959, P41 RR005959-18]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES011961, P30 ES011961, P30 ES011961-01A1] NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1080/01902140701364458 PG 15 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 180PX UT WOS:000247379100004 PM 17558678 ER PT J AU Choi, JE Davis-Gorman, G Seaver, N Finnerty, K Linak, W McDonagh, P AF Choi, Ji-Eun Davis-Gorman, Grace Seaver, Norma Finnerty, Katie Linak, William McDonagh, Paul TI The instillation of coarse coal ash particulate matter combined with lipopolysaccharide causes both pulmonary and systemic inflammation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1139 EP A1139 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703237 ER PT J AU Fomenko, DE Xing, WB Thomas, DJ Gladyshev, VN AF Fomenko, Dmitri E. Xing, Weibing Thomas, David J. Gladyshev, Vadim N. TI Identification of catalytic redox-active cysteines by detecting sporadic cysteine/selenocysteine pairs in homologous sequences SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Gladyshev, Vadim/A-9894-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A114 EP A114 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500544 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Rowan, W Winsett, D Ledbetter, A Watkinson, W Costa, D AF Hazari, Mehdi Saeed Rowan, William Winsett, Darrell Ledbetter, Allen Watkinson, William Costa, Daniel TI Acrolein exposure augments pulmonary C fiber chemoreflex response SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A959 EP A959 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708701510 ER PT J AU Kohler, JJ Hosseini, S Haase, C Ludaway, T Russ, R Chan, S Copeland, W Lewis, W AF Kohler, James John Hosseini, Seyed Haase, Chad Ludaway, Tomika Russ, Rodney Chan, Sherine Copeland, William Lewis, William TI Genetic changes in human mutant polymerase gamma (Pol [gamma]) alters mtDNA biogenetics and impacts cardiac muscle function SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A129 EP A129 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501048 ER PT J AU Lust, RM Cozzi, E Henriksen, RA Wingard, CJ Cascio, WE Devlin, RB Van Scott, MR AF Lust, Robert M. Cozzi, Emily Henriksen, Ruth Ann Wingard, Christopher J. Cascio, Wayne E. Devlin, Robert B. Van Scott, Michael R. TI Bi-modal dose-response relationship between ambient ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) exposure and cardiovascular end-points in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A811 EP A811 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700359 ER PT J AU Ortiz, PA Wallace, K Winnik, W AF Ortiz, Pedro A. Wallace, Kathleen Winnik, Witold TI Proteomic profiling of cultured human bladder cells after trivalent arsenical exposures SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1003 EP A1003 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702160 ER PT J AU Wingard, CJ Yang, W Van Scott, MR Cozzi, E Cascio, W Devlin, R Lust, RM AF Wingard, Christopher J. Yang, Weiming Van Scott, Michael R. Cozzi, Emily Cascio, Wayne Devlin, Robert Lust, Robert M. TI Adenosine receptor involvement in constrictor responses following ambient ultrafine particulate matter exposure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A811 EP A811 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700358 ER PT J AU Wingard, CJ Cozzi, E Henriksen, RA Lust, RM Casio, WE Devlin, RB Van Scott, MR AF Wingard, Christopher J. Cozzi, Emily Henriksen, Ruth Ann Lust, Robert M. Casio, Wayne E. Devlin, Robert B. Van Scott, Michael R. TI Differential effects of nano-scale particles on cardiovascular end-points in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A811 EP A811 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700357 ER PT J AU Johnson, TE McNair, JN Srivastava, P Hart, DD AF Johnson, Thomas E. McNair, James N. Srivastava, Puneet Hart, David D. TI Stream ecosystem responses to spatially variable land cover: an empirically based model for developing riparian restoration strategies SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE land cover; land use; management tool; mid-Atlantic; model; Piedmont; planning; prioritisation; restoration; riparian; stream ecosystem ID WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; METRICS; SCALE AB 1. The restoration of native, forested riparian habitats is a widely accepted method for improving degraded streams. Little is known, however, about how the width, extent and continuity of forested vegetation along stream networks affect stream ecosystems. 2. To increase the likelihood of achieving restoration goals, restoration practitioners require quantitative tools to guide the development of restoration strategies in different catchment settings. We present an empirically based model that establishes a relationship between a,stress' imposed at different locations along a stream by the spatial pattern of land cover within catchments, and the response of biologically determined ecosystem characteristics to this stress. The model provides a spatially explicit, quantitative framework for predicting the effects of changes in catchment land cover composition and spatial configuration on specific characteristics of stream ecosystems. 3. We used geospatial datasets and biological data for attached algae and benthic macroinvertebrates in streams to estimate model parameters for 40 sites in 33 distinct catchments within the mid-Atlantic Piedmont region of the eastern U.S. Model parameters were estimated using a genetic optimisation algorithm. R-2 values for the resulting relationships between catchment land cover and biological characteristics of streams were substantially improved over R-2 values for spatially aggregated regression models based on whole-catchment land cover. 4. Using model parameters estimated for the mid-Atlantic Piedmont, we show how the model can be used to guide restoration planning in a case study of a small catchment. The model predicts the quantitative change in biological characteristics of the stream, such as indices of species diversity and species composition, that would occur with the implementation of a hypothetical restoration project. C1 Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME USA. RP Johnson, TE (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM johnson.thomas@epa.gov RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 680 EP 695 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01726.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 151HH UT WOS:000245280600006 ER PT J AU Qin, LY Wu, XF Block, ML Liu, YX Breese, GR Hong, JS Knapp, DJ Crews, FT AF Qin, Liya Wu, Xuefei Block, Michelle L. Liu, Yuxin Breese, George R. Hong, Jau-Shyong Knapp, Darin J. Crews, Fulton T. TI Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration SO GLIA LA English DT Article DE TNF alpha; LPS; substantia nigra; microglia; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TNF-ALPHA TRANSPORT; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; BACTERIAL-ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DOPAMINE NEURON LOSS AB Inflammation is implicated in the progressive nature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, but the mechanisirts are poorly understood. A single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha, 0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) injection was administered in adult wild-type mice and in mice lacking TNF alpha receptors (TNF R1/R2(-/-)) to discern the mechanisms of inflammation transfer from the periphery to the brain and the neurodegenerative consequences. Systemic LPS administration resulted in rapid brain TNFa increase that remained elevated for 10 months, while peripheral TNF alpha (serum and liver) had subsided by 9 h (serum) and 1 week (liver). Systemic TNF alpha and LPS administration activated microglia and increased expression of brain pro-inflammatory factors (i.e., TNF alpha, MCP-1, IL-1 beta and NF-kappa B p65) in wild-type mice, but not in TNF R1/R2(-/-) mice. Further, LPS reduced the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) by 23% at 7-months post-treatment, which progressed to 47% at 10 months. Together, these data demonstrate that through TNF alpha, peripheral inflammation in adult animals can: (1) activate brain microglia to produce chronically elevate roinflammatory factors; (2) induce delayed and progressive loss of DA neurons in the SN. These findings provide valuable insight into the potential pathogenesis and self-propelling nature of Parkinson's disease. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Dalian Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Dalian, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Crews, FT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies, Sch Med, 1021 Thurston Bowles Bldg,CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ftcrews@md.unc.edu FU NIAAA NIH HHS [P60 AA011605, P60 AA011605-070005] NR 48 TC 673 Z9 695 U1 25 U2 111 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-1491 EI 1098-1136 J9 GLIA JI Glia PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1002/glia.20467 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 134SQ UT WOS:000244104700001 PM 17203472 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Moser, VC Geller, AM Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Kamel, F AF Boyes, William K. Moser, Virginia C. Geller, Andrew M. Benignus, Vernon A. Bushnell, Philip J. Kamel, Freya TI Integrating epidemiology and toxicology in neurotoxicity risk assessment SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 06, 2005-JUL 01, 2006 CL Haikko, FINLAND SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc DE animal studies; epidemiology; neurotoxicity risk assessment; toxicology ID PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; RETINAL DEGENERATION; VISUAL FUNCTION; ANIMAL-MODELS; EXPOSURE; RAT; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DYSFUNCTION; BATTERIES AB Neurotoxicity risk assessments depend on the best available scientific information, including data from animal toxicity studies, human experimental studies and human epidemiology studies. There are several factors to consider when evaluating the comparability of data from studies. Regarding the epidemiology literature, issues include choice of study design, use of appropriate controls, methods of exposure assessment, subjective or objective evaluation of neurological status, and assessment and statistical control of potential confounding factors, including co-exposure to other agents. Animal experiments must be evaluated regarding factors such as dose level and duration, procedures used to assess neurological or behavioural status, and appropriateness of inference from the animal model to human neurotoxicity. Major factors that may explain apparent differences between animal and human studies include: animal neurological status may be evaluated with different procedures than those used in humans; animal studies may involve shorter exposure durations and higher dose levels; and most animal studies evaluate a single substance whereas humans typically are exposed to multiple agents. The comparability of measured outcomes in animals and humans may be improved by considering functional domains rather than individual test measures. The application of predictive models, weight of evidence considerations and meta-analysis can help evaluate the consistency of outcomes across studies. An appropriate blend of scientific information from toxicology and epidemiology studies is necessary to evaluate potential human risks of exposure to neurotoxic substances. C1 US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1177/0960327106070481 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 166XG UT WOS:000246413500003 PM 17615109 ER PT J AU Moser, VC AF Moser, Virginia C. TI Animal models of chronic pesticide neurotoxicity SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 06, 2005-JUL 01, 2006 CL Haikko, FINLAND SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc DE animal studies; epidemiology; neurotoxicology; pesticides ID NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCREENING BATTERY; CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SHEEP FARMERS; SUBCHRONIC NEUROTOXICITY; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES AB There is a wealth of literature on neurotoxicological outcomes of acute and short-term exposure to pesticides in laboratory animals, but there are relatively few studies of long-term exposure. Many reports in the literature describing 'chronic' exposures to pesticides are, in fact, as short as five days and rarely longer than three months. Furthermore, routes of administration range from subcutaneous to dietary. Doses used in many of the studies produce signs of acute or overt toxicity. In contrast, human symptoms have been reported following exposures that are prolonged and often without obvious toxic effects. A survey of the literature was conducted to identify rodent studies with neurobehavioral and neurophysiological endpoints of pesticide exposures lasting 30 days or longer. This survey indicated that the majority of studies concentrate on cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides). Various neuromotor, cholinergic, physiological, affective and cognitive disorders were reported at doses producing cholinesterase inhibition; however, there were a fewer effects at non-inhibiting doses. Other classes of pesticides produced similar effects, with the exception of cholinergic signs. In many studies, the changes were subtle, which may correspond to the nonspecific changes in psychomotor and cognitive function reported in humans. It appears, then, that the data from animal and human pesticide exposures are generally comparable, but the specific outcomes are influenced by many experimental differences. Future research should concentrate on analogous exposures and outcomes to facilitate interpretation. C1 US EPA, NTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27710 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, NHEERL, ORD, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27710 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 75 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 321 EP 331 DI 10.1177/0960327106072395 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 166XG UT WOS:000246413500007 PM 17615113 ER PT J AU Crane, M Burton, GA Culp, JM Greenberg, MS Munkittrick, KR Ribeiro, R Salazar, MH St-Jean, SD AF Crane, Mark Burton, G. Allen Culp, Joseph M. Greenberg, Marc S. Munkittrick, Kelly R. Ribeiro, Rui Salazar, Michael H. St-Jean, Sylvie D. TI Review of Aquatic In Situ Approaches for Stressor and Effect Diagnosis SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE In situ; Decision tree; Environmental monitoring; Caging; Mesocosm AB Field-based (in situ) approaches are used increasingly for measuring biological effects and for stressor diagnoses in aquatic systems because these assessment tools provide realistic exposure environments that are rarely replicated in laboratory toxicity tests. Providing realistic exposure scenarios is important because environmental conditions can alter toxicity through complex exposure dynamics (e.g., multiple stressor interactions). In this critical review, we explore the information provided by aquatic in situ exposure and monitoring methods when compared with more traditional approaches and discuss the associated strengths and limitations of these techniques. In situ approaches can, under some circumstances, provide more valuable information to a decision maker than information from surveys of resident biota, laboratory toxicity tests, or chemical analyses alone. A decision tree is provided to assist decision makers in determining when in situ approaches can add value. C1 [Crane, Mark] Watts & Crane Associates, 23 London St, Faringdon SN7 7AG, Oxon, England. [Burton, G. Allen] Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Culp, Joseph M.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Natl Water Res Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Culp, Joseph M.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Greenberg, Marc S.] US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Munkittrick, Kelly R.] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, St John, NB E2G 1A5, Canada. [Munkittrick, Kelly R.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, St John, NB E2G 1A5, Canada. [Ribeiro, Rui] Univ Coimbra, Inst Ambiente & Vida, Dept Zool, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. [Salazar, Michael H.] Appl Biomonitoring, Kirkland, WA 98034 USA. [St-Jean, Sylvie D.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Crane, M (reprint author), Watts & Crane Associates, 23 London St, Faringdon SN7 7AG, Oxon, England. EM mark.crane@wfcenvironment.co.uk RI Ribeiro, Rui/C-7788-2012; Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Ribeiro, Rui/0000-0002-0883-1939; Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 FU Environment Canada; European Copper Institute; International Copper Association; International Lead Zinc Research Organization; Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association; Rio Tinto PLV; Rohm and Haas Company; Teck Cominco America; UK Environment Agency; US Army Corps of Engineers; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The workshop was supported by 11 business and governmental organizations, including Environment Canada, European Copper Institute, International Copper Association, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, Rio Tinto PLV, Rohm and Haas Company, Teck Cominco America, UK Environment Agency, US Army Corps of Engineers, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. We thank 2 anonymous referees whose comments helped to improve this paper. NR 80 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2006-027.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WY UT WOS:000209712700008 PM 17477291 ER PT J AU Wharfe, J Adams, W Apitz, SE Barra, R Bridges, TS Hickey, C Ireland, S AF Wharfe, Jim Adams, William Apitz, Sabine E. Barra, Ricardo Bridges, Todd S. Hickey, Chris Ireland, Scott TI In Situ Methods of Measurement-An Important Line of Evidence in the Environmental Risk Framework SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; In situ; Chemicals; Ecological benefit AB A tiered framework provides a structured approach to assess and manage risk and underpins much of the legislation concerning chemicals and environmental management. Management decisions regarding appropriate controls can have high cost implications to the regulated community. The risk framework provides an evidence-based approach to reduce uncertainty in decision making. Traditional assessment is heavily dependent on laboratory-generated toxicity test data and estimations of exposure and effect. Despite many well documented demonstrations of in situ methodologies, they are rarely used by regulators to help improve assessment or to validate risk. Emerging legislation puts greater emphasis on environmental outcomes and represents a significant shift from the reliance on chemical measures alone toward biological responses that improve assessment and demonstrate ecological benefit. Diagnostic methods, that could include in situ-based measures, will help assess and manage environments failing to achieve good status and it is likely that a weight of evidence approach will be needed to help inform management decisions. The potential application of such measures in the risk framework is reviewed in the context of current and emerging legislation concerning chemicals. Effect measures on the basis of in situ methods provide an alternative line of evidence and can help reduce uncertainty in decision making. Criteria are presented to help select appropriate methods in a multiple-line, weight of evidence approach. C1 [Wharfe, Jim] Environm Agcy, Sci Grp, Howbery Pk, Wallingford OX10 8BD, Oxon, England. [Adams, William] Rio Tinto, Murray, UT 84107 USA. [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. Univ Concepcion, Eula Chile Ctr, Concepcion, Chile. [Bridges, Todd S.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hickey, Chris] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Hickey, Chris; Ireland, Scott] US Environm Protect Agcy, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Wharfe, J (reprint author), Environm Agcy, Sci Grp, Howbery Pk, Wallingford OX10 8BD, Oxon, England. EM jim.wharfe@environment-agency.gov.uk RI Barra, Ricardo/A-5543-2009 OI Barra, Ricardo/0000-0002-1567-7722 FU Environment Canada; European Copper Institute; International Copper Association; International Lead Zinc Research Organization; Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association; Rio Tinto PLV; Rohm and Haas Company; Teck Cominco America; UK Environmental Agency; US Army Corps of Engineers; US Environmental Protection Agency; 6th Framework Programme for Global Change and Ecosystems project "Integrating new technologies for the study of benthic ecosystem response to human activity: towards a Coastal Ocean Benthic Observatory'' [505564] FX SEA acknowledges the 6th Framework Programme for Global Change and Ecosystems (1.1.6.3) project "Integrating new technologies for the study of benthic ecosystem response to human activity: towards a Coastal Ocean Benthic Observatory'' (project 505564). The workshop was supported by 11 business and governmental organizations, including Environment Canada, European Copper Institute, International Copper Association, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, Rio Tinto PLV, Rohm and Haas Company, Teck Cominco America, UK Environmental Agency, US Army Corps of Engineers, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2006-024.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WY UT WOS:000209712700011 PM 17477294 ER PT J AU Duncan, PB Greenberg, MS Leja, S Williams, J Black, C Henry, RG Wilhelm, L AF Duncan, P. Bruce Greenberg, Marc S. Leja, Stan Williams, Jonathan Black, Curt Henry, Richard G. Wilhelm, Leon TI Case Study of Contaminated Groundwater Discharge: How In Situ Tools Link an Evolving Conceptual Site Model with Management Decisions SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Surface water; In situ tools; Minipiezometer; Seepage meter; Passive diffusion sampler AB In this paper, we show how simple in situ tools provide key insights into groundwater transport and exposure pathways. We illustrate how integration between managers, hydrogeologists, and ecologists, through the use of an evolving conceptual site model, helps direct management decisions. An initial conceptual site model was used to guide a preliminary investigation to determine the extent to which contaminant exposure from discharging groundwater occurs in a waterway. Regulatory agency managers, informed by phased input of data, supported extending the site investigation subtidally to identify the nature and extent of waterway contamination and to provide the basis for developing remedial alternatives. Approaches and tools used in this reconnaissance investigation included monitoring ambient surface water for groundwater signatures, installing minipiezometers within the sediment, and installing diffusion samplers and seepage meters. Despite high concentrations of contaminants in nearby piezometer samples, the diffusion sampler array indicated few locations with contaminant accumulation in the top 20 cm of the sediment. At the location where deployed, seepage meters demonstrated a high degree of connectivity and the potential for mass loading in the waterway. In the collective experience of the authors, this is one of the 1st sites where this comprehensive suite of tools has been applied in a regulatory setting to evaluate the movement of industrial contaminants beneath and into a waterway. This approach was effective because of integration of disciplines, unification of previously separate groundwater and sediment investigations, and collaboration across separate agencies and programs. In large part because of the results, the facility and agency managers agreed, and have begun a comprehensive subtidal investigation, to characterize the distribution of sediment and groundwater contamination and to quantify the groundwater flux to the surface water. C1 [Duncan, P. Bruce; Williams, Jonathan; Black, Curt] US EPA, Reg 10,1200-6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Greenberg, Marc S.] US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Wilhelm, Leon] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Henry, Richard G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Duncan, PB (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10,1200-6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM duncan.bruce@epa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2006-039.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WY UT WOS:000209712700013 PM 17477296 ER PT J AU Huff, J Lunn, RM Waalkes, MP Tomatis, L Infante, PF AF Huff, James Lunn, Ruth M. Waalkes, Michael P. Tomatis, Lorenzo Infante, Peter F. TI Cadmium-induced cancers in animals and in humans SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE cadmium; carcinogenicity; animal studies; environmental exposures; epidemiologic studies; public health; occupational exposures; cancer bioassays; extrapolation ID INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; INTERSTITIAL CELL TUMORS; NOBLE NBL/CR RAT; PROSTATE-CANCER; PANCREATIC-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAYS; PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS; RAMAZZINI-FOUNDATION; PRIMARY PREVENTION AB Discovered in the early 1800s, the use of cadmium and various cadmium salts started to become industrially important near the close of the 19th century, rapidly thereafter began to flourish, yet has diminished more recently. Most cadmium used in the United States is a byproduct from the smelting of zinc, lead, or copper ores, and is used to manufacture batteries. Carcinogenic activity of cadmium was discovered first in animals and only subsequently in humans. Cadmium and cadmium compounds have been classified as known human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the National Toxicology Program based on epidemiologic studies showing a causal association with lung cancer, and possibly prostate cancer, and studies in experimental animals, demonstrating that cadmium causes tumors at multiple tissue sites, by various routes of exposure, and in several species and strains. Epidemiologic studies published since these evaluations suggest that cadmium is also associated with cancers of the breast, kidney, pancreas, and urinary bladder. The basic metal cationic portion of cadmium is responsible for both toxic and carcinogenic activity, and the mechanism of carcinogenicity appears to be multifactorial. Available information about the carcinogenicity. of cadmium and cadmium compounds is reviewed, evaluated, and discussed. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27514 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27514 USA. EM huff1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 120 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 4 U2 26 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 202 EP 212 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182GV UT WOS:000247494000009 PM 17718178 ER PT J AU Huff, J AF Huff, James TI Benzene-induced cancers: Abridged history and occupational health impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE benzene; carcinogenicity; industry influence; history; bioassay; public health; occupational safety; primary prevention ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; TERM CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; EXPERIMENTAL MULTIPOTENTIAL CARCINOGEN; INDUCED HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MAJOR RISK FACTOR; MALE F344 RATS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PRIMARY PREVENTION; B6C3F1 MICE AB Benzene-induced cancer in humans was first reported in the late 1920s. Carcinogenesis findings in animals were not reported conclusively until 1979. Industry exploited this "discrepancy" to discredit the use of animal bioassays as surrogates for human exposure experience. The cardinal reason for the delay between first recognizing leukemia in humans and sought-after neoplasia in animals centers on poor design and conduct of experimental studies. The first evidence of carcinogenicity in animals manifested as malignant tumors of the zymbal glands (sebaceous glands in the ear canal) of rats, and industry attempted to discount this as being irrelevant to humans, as this organ is vestigial and not present per se in humans. Nonetheless, shortly thereafter benzene was shown to be carcinogenic to multiple organ sites in both sexes of multiple strains and multiple species of laboratory animals exposed via various routes. This paper presents a condensed history of the benzene bioassay story with mention of benzene-associated human cancers. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27514 USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27514 USA. EM huff1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 176 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182GV UT WOS:000247494000010 PM 17718179 ER PT J AU Kang, DW Mathur, R Schere, K Yu, SC Eder, B AF Kang, Daiwen Mathur, Rohit Schere, Kenneth Yu, Shaocai Eder, Brian TI New categorical metrics for air quality model evaluation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETA-MODEL; SYSTEM AB Traditional categorical metrics used in model evaluations are "clear cut" measures in that the model's ability to predict an "exceedance" is defined by a fixed threshold concentration and the metrics are defined by observation - forecast sets that are paired both in space and time. These metrics are informative but limited in evaluating the performance of air quality forecast (AQF) systems because AQF generally examines exceedances on a regional scale rather than a single monitor. New categorical metrics - the weighted success index (WSI), area hit (aH), and area false-alarm ratio (aFAR) - are developed. In the calculation of WSI, credits are given to the observation - forecast pairs within the observed exceedance region (missed forecast) or the forecast exceedance region (false alarm), depending on the distance of the points from the central line (perfect observation - forecast match line or 1: 1 line on scatterplot). The aH and aFAR are defined by matching observed and forecast exceedances within an area (i.e., model grid cells) surrounding the observation location. The concept of aH and aFAR resembles the manner in which forecasts are usually issued. In practice, a warning is issued for a region of interest, such as a metropolitan area, if an exceedance is forecast to occur anywhere within the region. The application of these new categorical metrics, which are supplemental to the traditional counterparts (critical success index, hit rate, and false-alarm ratio), to the Eta Model - Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) forecast system has demonstrated further insight into evaluating the forecasting capability of the system (e. g., the new metrics can provide information about how the AQF system captures the spatial variations of pollutant concentrations). C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kang, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kang.daiwen@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1175/JAM2479.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 161OR UT WOS:000246025400013 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, Malcolm S. TI Risks to cavers and cave workers from exposures to low-level ionizing alpha radiation from Rn-222 decay in caves SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Review ID RADON DAUGHTER EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; URANIUM MINERS; RESIDENTIAL RADON; POSTOJNA CAVE; NATIONAL-PARK; AIR; USERS; RECONNAISSANCE; HYPOTHESIS AB Human health risks posed by exposure to elevated levels of Rn-222 in caves are not well documented. Various studies throughout the world have detailed the often very high Rn-222 gas concentrations in caves and exposures to cavers and commercial tour guides and other employees, but without a consequent assessment of the overall impact on human health. Although Rn-222 concentrations in caves are considered high relative to most above ground dwellings, the levels identified are also considered to be low for ionizing alpha radiation. Low-level ionizing radiation impacts on human health are deduced by application of the linear no-threshold theory (LNT) of radiation carcinogenesis. Comprehensive reviews of the published literature and an understanding of exposure time suggests that commercial cave workers (e.g., tour guides) and commercial U-238-mine workers are both exposed for the same number of hours per month (similar to 170 h), but cave workers are exposed to much lower Rn-222 concentrations than are mine workers. Cavers will generally be exposed for a smaller number of hours per month. Risk estimates suggest that cavers will likely be subject to insignificant risks, but that cave workers may be subject to low-level risks of developing lung cancers from elevated levels of Rn-222 gas concentrations in caves. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 110 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 207 EP 228 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 211QO UT WOS:000249538600016 ER PT J AU Rubin, EG Ramaswami, A AF Rubin, Ellen G. Ramaswami, Anu TI Evidence for phytodegradation of MTBE from coupled bench-scale and intermediate-scale tests SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE scale effect; water pollution; volatile organic chemicals; organic compounds; water treatment ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TREES AB This paper presents methodologies and demonstrates the need to couple bench-scale and intermediate tree-scale experiments, to fully understand the transport and fate of organic contaminants, specifically methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE), in mature trees. Bench-scale experiments showed MTBE to be optimally taken up by small poplar saplings with a transpiration stream concentration factor of approximately 1, little or no degradation in soils and, nearly 100 +/- 20% recovery in the coupled water-plant-air system, indicating no measurable phytodegradation at the bench-scale. A large 14 It tree chamber was designed to evaluate MTBE transport and fate through intermediate-scale (12 ft tall) poplar trees. Abiotic MTBE volatilization tests conducted in the tree chamber showed 100 +/- 20% MTBE mass recovery, thereby demonstrating the integrity of the large chamber and its air monitoring technique. In contrast, replicate intermediate-scale experiments conducted with large (12 ft) trees irrigated with a known mass of MTBE showed a deficit of MTBE mass recovery (65 +/- 20%) in replicate soil-tree-air systems monitored over a 2-week period. More significantly, tert butyl alcohol (TBA), a degradation product of MTBE, was detected in increasing concentrations in leaf biomass while MTBE concentrations in leaf biomass decreased as the experiment progressed. The MTBE mass recovery deficit, coupled with the detection of increasing TBA in leaf biomass, provides preliminary evidence of MTBE degradation in mature trees. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Rubin, EG (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,Mail Code 5102G, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rubin.ellen@epa.gov; anu.ramaswami@cudenver.edu OI Ramaswami, Anu/0000-0002-0476-2315 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:4(389) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172MU UT WOS:000246809200005 ER PT J AU Ma, KZ Langenbach, R Rapoport, SI Basselin, M AF Ma, Kaizong Langenbach, Robert Rapoport, Stanley I. Basselin, Mireille TI Altered brain lipid composition in cyclooxygenase-2 knockout mouse SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; cholesterol; phosphatidylserine ID FOCUSED MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE SPHINGOMYELIN; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; RAT-BRAIN; TRANSPHOSPHATIDYLATED PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; PHOSPHOLIPID-METABOLISM; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID AB Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays an important role in brain arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) metabolism, and its expression is upregulated in animal models of neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity. Our hypothesis was that brain lipid composition would be altered in COX-2 knockout (COX-2(-/-)) compared with wild-type (COX-2(+/+)) mice, reflecting the important role of COX-2 in brain lipid metabolism. Concentrations of different lipids were measured in high-energy microwaved brain from COX-2(-/-) and COX-2(+/+) mice. Compared with the COX-2(+/+) mouse brain, the brain of the COX-2(-/-) mouse had a statistically significant 15% increase in phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and significant 37, 27, and 32% reductions in triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations and in the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio, respectively. ne normalized concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) was increased in PtdSer, as was the brain concentration of unesterified arachidic acid (20:0). A lifetime absence of COX-2 produces multiple changes in brain lipid composition. These changes may be related to reported changes in fatty acid kinetics and in resistance to neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity in the COX-2(-/-) mouse., C1 NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Basselin, M (reprint author), NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mirvasln@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 66 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 4 BP 848 EP 854 DI 10.1194/jlr.M600400-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 156DA UT WOS:000245627100010 PM 17202128 ER PT J AU Moon, HJ Han, SY Shin, JH Kang, IH Kim, TS Hong, JH Kim, SH Fenton, SE AF Moon, Hyun Ju Han, Soon Young Shin, Jae-Ho Kang, Il Hyun Kim, Tae Sung Hong, Jin Hwan Kim, Seung-Hee Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Gestational exposure to nonylphenol causes precocious mammary gland development in female rat offspring SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE 4-nonylphenol (NP); atrazine; endocrine disruptor; hormone receptor; in utero exposure; mammary gland; rat ID VITELLOGENIN GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ATRAZINE; DIFFERENTIATION; PROGESTERONE; MORPHOGENESIS AB This study examined whether or not exposure to 4-nonylphenol (NP) during late gestation affects reproductive and mammary development in the offspring of female rats. Time pregnant Long Evans rats were gavaged with NP (10 or 100 mg/kg), atrazine (ATR, 100 mg/kg), or corn oil on gestation days 15-19. The uterus weights of the NP (100 mg/kg/d)-exposed pups were higher than those of the controls but the weights of the other organs were unchanged. Delayed mammary gland (MG) development was detected in the ATR pups on PND 4 and persisted through to PND 66. The high dose NP pups had advanced lobular development of their MG on PND 22, while the glands from the low dose NP pups were no different morphologically from the controls. Immunohistochemical comparisons of the mammary sections from PND 41 demonstrated low levels of estrogen receptor (ER) staining in the control gland stroma and epithelium but higher levels in the tissue of the pups exposed to NP and ATR. ATR also elevated ER in the stroma surrounding the epithelial layer of the terminal end buds. The level of progesterone receptor (PR) staining was markedly lower in the epithelium of the 100 mg/kg NP glands vs. the control glands. However, PR was present at high levels in the epithelium of the 10 mg/kg NP glands and was even more prominent in the ATR-exposed ductal epithelium and fat cell nuclei. The level of prolactin staining was only elevated in glands containing lobule areas (NP-exposed) compared with the control levels. These results suggest that NP and ATR have opposite effects on the development of MG after gestational exposure. Exposure to them during the critical period of epithelial outgrowth altered the receptor levels of mammary progesterone and prolactin and might contribute to the differences in the mammary morphology at PND 41. C1 Korea Food & Drug Adm, Natl Inst Toxicol Res, Endocrine Toxicol Team, Seoul 122704, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Reprod Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moon, HJ (reprint author), Korea Food & Drug Adm, Natl Inst Toxicol Res, Endocrine Toxicol Team, Seoul 122704, South Korea. EM mhj1612@kfda.go.kr NR 61 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOCIETY REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT-SRD PI TSUKUBA PA C/O KAZUHIRO KIKUCHI, PHD DVM, NATL INST AGROBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES KANNONDAI 2-1-2, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305-8602, JAPAN SN 0916-8818 J9 J REPROD DEVELOP JI J. Reprod. Dev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1262/jrd.18055 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 164NO UT WOS:000246241000019 PM 17190974 ER PT J AU Yan, S Vidyarthi, AS Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY Lohani, BN AF Yan, S. Vidyarthi, A. S. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. Lohani, B. N. TI Biopesticide production from wastewater sludge: Inoculum age and sludge solids SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BIOPESTICIDES; RAW-MATERIAL; ENDOTOXINS; MEDIA AB Production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticide was studied in shake flasks and in computer controlled 15L-fermentor using wastewater sludge as a sole raw material. Shake flask experiments with different inoculum age (9h, 12h, 15h and 18h) and inoculum growth medium were studied at suspended sludge solids concentration of 25 g.l(-1). The process performance was assessed in terms of viable cell count (VC), viable spore count (VS) and entomotoxicity (ET). The best results in terms of highest VS (2.7E+09 cfu.ml(-1)) count and ET (10813 IU.mu l(-1)) were observed using 12h old inoculum produced in two stages - 1 st stage - tryptic soya yeast extract (TSY) medium and 2nd stage in sludge. The TSY grown inoculum supported good growth in sludge medium but failed to attain the corresponding high ET Bt production using different sludge solids concentration (from 20 g.l(-1) to 35 g.l(-1)) was studied in fermentor under controlled conditions (pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen). The maximum ET (13587 IU.mu l(-1)) was obtained with sludge solids of 25g.l(-1) (dry weight basis) and did not change significantly with further increase in sludge solids. A drop in both VS count and ET value was observed at sludge solids of 35 g.l(-1). A decrease in VS, VC and ET values at high solids concentration was due to inhibition by the sludge solids. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was maintained above critical level in order to meet the oxygen requirement during fermentation. O-2 transfer rate (OTR) and CO2 transfer rate (CTR) were measured by exit gas analysis during fermentation at 20 g.l(-1) and 30 g.l(-1) sludge solids. OTR values at higher SS were higher compared to lower SS. It was quite unexpected based on speculation from shake flask experiment that DO availability in the medium with high suspended solids might be low and thus it acted as one of the limiting parameter in Bt fermentation. Respiratory quotients (RQ) calculated based on OTR and CTR values in the fermentation system was also analysed. C1 Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US Environm Protect Agcy, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 1148 ELIZABETH AVENUE #2, LANCASTER, PA 17601 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 167RL UT WOS:000246468700006 ER PT J AU Singh, RB Huber, AH Braddock, JN AF Singh, Rakesh B. Huber, Alan H. Braddock, James N. TI Sensitivity analysis and evaluation of MicroFacPM: A Microscale Motor Vehicle Emission factor Model for Particulate Matter Emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CO AB A microscale emission factor model (MicroFacPM) for predicting real-time site-specific motor vehicle particulate matter emissions was presented in the companion paper titled "Development of a Microscale Emission Factor Model for Particulate Matter (MicroFacPM) for Predicting Real-Time Motor Vehicle Emissions." The emission rates discussed are in mass per unit distance with the model providing estimates of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and coarse particulate matter. This paper complements the companion paper by presenting a sensitivity analysis of the model to input variables and evaluation model outputs using data from limited field studies. The sensitivity analysis has shown that MicroFacPM emission estimates are very sensitive to vehicle fleet composition, speed, and the percentage of high-emitting vehicles. The vehicle fleet composition can affect fleet emission rates from 8 mg/mi to 1215 mg/mi, an increase of 5% in the smoking (high-emitting) current average U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet (compared with 0%) increased PM(2.5) emission rates by similar to 272% for 2000; and for the current U.S. fleet, PM(2.5) emission rates are reduced by a factor of similar to 0.64 for speeds >50 miles per hour (mph) relative to a speed of 10 mph. MicroFacPM can also be applied to examine the contribution of emission rates per vehicle class, model year, and sources of PM. The model evaluation is presented for the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel, Pennsylvania Turnpike, PA, and some limited evaluations at two locations: Sepulveda Tunnel, Los Angeles, CA, and Van Nuys Tunnel, Van Nuys, CA. In general, the performance of MicroFacPM has shown very encouraging results. C1 US EPA, NERL, NOAA, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huber, AH (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, NOAA, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Mail Code E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM huber.alan@epa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 57 IS 4 BP 420 EP 433 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.4.420 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155XJ UT WOS:000245611600003 PM 17458461 ER PT J AU Larsen, DP Olsen, AR Lanigan, SH Moyer, C Jones, KK Kincaid, TM AF Larsen, David P. Olsen, Anthony R. Lanigan, Steven H. Moyer, Chris Jones, Kim K. Kincaid, Thomas M. TI Sound survey designs can facilitate integrating stream monitoring data across multiple programs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE monitoring; rivers/streams; statistics; stream surveys; stream condition; watershed condition ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NATURAL-RESOURCES AB Multiple agencies in the Pacific Northwest monitor the condition of stream networks or their watersheds. Some agencies use a stream "network" perspective to report on the fraction or length of the network that either meets or violates particular criteria. Other agencies use a "watershed" perspective to report on the health or condition of watersheds. The agencies often use the same indicators and measurement protocols for data collection and often conduct monitoring in overlapping geographic regions. In these situations, agencies would like to combine data across different monitoring studies in a statistically sound manner to make regional estimates of condition. Three statistical survey design principles will facilitate combining such studies: (1) a clearly specified statistical target population of interest, including elements that comprise the population, (2) a consistent representation of that target population (such as a digital map of the stream network and watersheds), and (3) rules that incorporate randomization to guide the selection of the sample of sites on which measurements will be made. A case study illustrates the application of these design principles using two agency monitoring programs interested in combining stream channel data for different purposes: one for making network summaries and the other for evaluating watershed condition. C1 US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Ecol Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Aquat Riparian Effectiveness Monitoring Program, Portland, OR 97204 USA. UDII, Bur Land Management, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Conservat & Recovery Program, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Larsen, DP (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Ecol Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM larsen.phil@epa.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 384 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00030.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 153PA UT WOS:000245446200009 ER PT J AU Lewis, W Day, BJ Kohler, JJ Hosseini, SH Chan, SSL Green, EC Haase, CP Keebaugh, ES Long, R Ludaway, T Russ, R Steltzer, J Tioleco, N Santoianni, R Copeland, WC AF Lewis, William Day, Brian J. Kohler, James J. Hosseini, Seyed H. Chan, Sherine S. L. Green, Elgin C. Haase, Chad P. Keebaugh, Erin S. Long, Robert Ludaway, Tomika Russ, Rodney Steltzer, Jeffrey Tioleco, Nina Santoianni, Robert Copeland, William C. TI Decreased mtDNA, oxidative stress, cardiomyopathy, and death from transgenic cardiac targeted human mutant polymerase gamma SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE mitochondria; Pol gamma; oxidative stress; cardiomyopathy; transgenic ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA POLYMERASE; PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; P55 ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT; DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE CARRIER; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; MULTIPLE DELETIONS; NUCLEAR-DNA; MOUSE HEART AB POLG is the human gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase gamma (Pol gamma), the replicase for human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A POLG Y955C point mutation causes human chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), a mitochondrial disease with eye muscle weakness and mtDNA defects. Y955C POLG was targeted transgenically (TG) to the murine heart. Survival was determined in four TG (+/-) lines and wild- type (WT) littermates (-/-). Left ventricle (LV) performance (echocardiography and MRI), heart rate (electrocardiography), mtDNA abundance ( real time PCR), oxidation of mtDNA (8-OHdG), histopathology and electron microscopy defined the phenotype. Cardiac targeted Y955C POLG yielded a molecular signature of CPEO in the heart with cardiomyopathy (CM), mitochondrial oxidative stress, and premature death. Increased LV cavity size and LV mass, bradycardia, decreased mtDNA, increased 8- OHdG, and cardiac histopathological and mitochondrial EM defects supported and defined the phenotype. This study underscores the pathogenetic role of human mutant POLG and its gene product in mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and CM as it relates to the genetic defect in CPEO. The transgenic model pathophysiologically links human mutant Pol gamma, mtDNA depletion, and mitochondrial oxidative stress to the mtDNA replication apparatus and to CM. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Jewish Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lewis, W (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. EM wlewis@emory.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL072707, R01 HL059798, R01 HL072707]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-12, Z01 ES065080-11] NR 50 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD APR PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1038/labinvest.3700523 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 148UY UT WOS:000245103200002 PM 17310215 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Coulston, JW AF Wickham, J. D. Riitters, K. H. Wade, T. G. Coulston, J. W. TI Temporal change in forest fragmentation at multiple scales SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; cumulative impact; forest loss; land-cover change; land-use planning; pine barrens ID UNITED-STATES FORESTS; LAND-COVER CHANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; USA; DEFORESTATION AB Previous studies of temporal changes in fragmentation have focused almost exclusively on patch and edge statistics, which might not detect changes in the spatial scale at which forest occurs in or dominates the landscape. We used temporal land-cover data for the Chesapeake Bay region and the state of New Jersey to compare patch-based and area-density scaling measures of fragmentation for detecting changes in the spatial scale of forest that may result from forest loss. For the patch-based analysis, we examined changes in the cumulative distribution of patch sizes. For area-density scaling, we used moving windows to examine changes in dominant forest. We defined dominant forest as a forest parcel (pixel) surrounded by a neighborhood in which forest occupied the majority of pixels. We used > 50% and >= 60% as thresholds to define majority. Moving window sizes ranged from 2.25 to 5,314.41 hectares (ha). Patch size cumulative distributions changed very little over time, providing no indication that forest loss was changing the spatial scale of forest. Area-density scaling showed that dominant forest was sensitive to forest loss, and the sensitivity increased nonlinearly as the spatial scale increased. The ratio of dominant forest loss to forest loss increased nonlinearly from 1.4 to 1.8 at the smallest spatial scale to 8.3 to 11.5 at the largest spatial scale. The nonlinear relationship between dominant forest loss and forest loss in these regions suggests that continued forest loss will cause abrupt transitions in the scale at which forest dominates the landscape. In comparison to the Chesapeake Bay region, dominant forest loss in New Jersey was less sensitive to forest loss, which may be attributable the protected status of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov NR 45 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9054-6 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 151NF UT WOS:000245296600001 ER PT J AU Aoyagi, S Archer, TK AF Aoyagi, Sayura Archer, Trevor K. TI Dynamic histone acetylation/deacetylation with progesterone receptor-mediated transcription SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR VIRUS PROMOTER; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; IN-VIVO; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; MMTV TRANSCRIPTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHROMATIN; ACETYLATION; NUCLEOSOME AB Histone acetylation is a highly dynamic posttranslational modification that plays an important role in gene expression. Previous work showed that promoter histone deacetylation is accompanied by progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. We investigated the role of this deacetylation and found that this histone deacetylation is not a singular event. In fact, histone acetylation at the MMTV promoter is highly dynamic, with an initial increase in acetylation followed by an eventual net deacetylation of histone H4. The timing of increase in acetylation of H4 coincides with the time at which PR, RNA polymerase II, and histone acetyltransferases cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein and p300 are recruited to the MMTV promoter. The timing in which histone H4 deacetylation occurs (after PR and RNA polymerase II recruitment) and the limited effect that trichostatin A and small interfering RNA knockdown of histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 have on MMTV transcription suggests that this deacetylation activity is not required for the initiation of PR-mediated transcription. Interestingly, two HDACs, HDAC1 and HDAC3, are already present at the MMTV before transcription activation. HDAC association at the MMTV promoter fluctuates during the hormone treatment. In particular, HDAC3 is temporarily undetected at the MMTV promoter within minutes after hormone treatment when the histone H4 acetylation increases but returns to the promoter near the time when histone acetylation levels start to decline. These results demonstrate the dynamic nature of coactivator/corepressor-promoter association and histone modifications such as acetylation during a transcription activation event. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD D4-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 68 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 843 EP 856 DI 10.1210/me.2006-0244 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 150OW UT WOS:000245227100005 PM 17227884 ER PT J AU Xiao, Z Ray, M Jiang, CC Clark, AB Rogozin, IB Diaz, M AF Xiao, Zheng Ray, Madhumita Jiang, Chuancang Clark, Alan B. Rogozin, Igor B. Diaz, Marilyn TI Known components of the immunoglobulin A : T mutational machinery are intact in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines with G : C bias SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE somatic hypermutation; AID; immunoglobulin; class switch recombination; mismatch repair; B cells; Burkitt lymphoma; translesion synthesis ID INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; DNA-POLYMERASE-ETA; CLASS-SWITCH RECOMBINATION; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION OCCURS; HEAVY-CHAIN LOCUS; IG HYPERMUTATION; ANTIBODY DIVERSIFICATION; DEFICIENT MICE; CUTTING EDGE AB The basis for mutations at A:T base pairs in immunoglobulin hypermutation and defining how AID interacts with the DNA of the immunoglobulin locus are major aspects of the immunoglobulin mutator mechanism where questions remain unanswered. Here, we examined the pattern of mutations generated in mice deficient in various DNA repair proteins implicated in A:T mutation and found a previously unappreciated bias at G:C base pairs in spectra from mice simultaneously deficient in DNA mismatch repair and uracil DNA glycosylase. This suggests a strand-biased DNA transaction for AID delivery which is then masked by the mechanism that introduces A:T mutations. Additionally, we asked if any of the known components of the A:T mutation machinery underscore the basis for the paucity of A:T mutations in the Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, Ramos and BL2. Ramos and BL2 cells were proficient in MSH2/MSH6-mediated mismatch repair, and express high levels of wild-type, full-length DNA polymerase eta. In addition, Ramos cells have high levels of uracil DNA glycosylase protein and are proficient in base excision repair. These results suggest that Burkitt lymphoma cell lines may be deficient in an unidentified factor that recruits the machinery necessary for A:T mutation or that AID-mediated cytosine deamination in these cells may be processed by conventional base excision repair truncating somatic hypermutation at the G:C phase. Either scenario suggests that cytosine deamination by AID is not enough to trigger A:T mutation, and that additional unidentified factors are required for full spectrum hypermutation in vivo. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Diaz, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, D3-01,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM diaz@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES101603-03] NR 75 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2659 EP 2666 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.12.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 156WS UT WOS:000245681200018 PM 17240451 ER PT J AU Seltzer, JM Fedoruk, MJ AF Seltzer, James M. Fedoruk, Marion J. TI Health effects of Mold in children SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID ALLERGIC FUNGAL SINUSITIS; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; DUST TOXIC SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT SCHOOL-CHILDREN; ACUTE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; RESPIRATORY HEALTH AB Mold is ubiquitous, and exposure to mold and its products of metabolism is unavoidable, whether indoors or outdoors. Mold can produce a variety of adverse health outcomes by four scientifically validated pathophysiologic mechanisms: hypersensitivity, toxicity, infection, and irritation. Some adverse health outcomes have been attributed to mold for which mechanisms of injury are not well defined or are implausible. This article discusses these adverse health outcomes, focusing predominantly on those for which valid associations have been established. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Div Environm & Occupat Med, Sch Med, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. US EPA, Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. RP Seltzer, JM (reprint author), POB 1160, Oceanside, CA 92051 USA. EM jseltzer@uci.edu NR 161 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 309 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.001 PG 27 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 171EE UT WOS:000246716900007 PM 17448362 ER PT J AU Rubin, IL Nodvin, JT Geller, RJ Teague, WG Holtzclaw, BL Felner, EI AF Rubin, I. Leslie Nodvin, Janice T. Geller, Robert J. Teague, W. Gerald Holtzclaw, Brian L. Felner, Eric I. TI Environmental health disparities: Environmental and social impact of industrial pollution in a community-the model of Anniston, AL SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BLOOD LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; NATIONAL-HEALTH; AIR-POLLUTION; CHILD HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; US CHILDREN; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT AB The health and well-being of children are critically dependent on the environment in which they live. This article explores the complex relationship between the environment in which a child lives and the environmental factors that can adversely affect health and development. It also examines how awareness of these adverse factors can be helpful in promoting optimal health for children through the societal infrastructures that deal with health, the environment, and social justice. C1 Emory SE Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Study Disadvantage & Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. Team Ctr & Dev Pediat Specialists, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA USA. Hughes Spalding Childrens Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rubin, IL (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 776 Windsor Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. EM lrubin01@emory.edu NR 69 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 375 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.01.007 PG 25 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 171EE UT WOS:000246716900010 PM 17448365 ER PT J AU Homer, C Dewitz, J Fry, J Coan, M Hossain, N Larson, C Herold, N McKerrow, A VanDriel, JN Wickham, J AF Homer, Collin Dewitz, Jon Fry, Joyce Coan, Michael Hossain, Nazmul Larson, Charles Herold, Nate McKerrow, Alexa VanDriel, J. Nick Wickham, James TI Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. N Carolina State Univ, SE Gap Anal Project, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Homer, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X NR 8 TC 595 Z9 614 U1 0 U2 62 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 4 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 152TO UT WOS:000245385000002 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Enache, M Dearden, JC AF Walker, John D. Enache, Monica Dearden, John C. TI Quantitative cationic activity relationships for predicting toxicity of metal ions from physicochemical properties and natural occurrence levels SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metal-toxicity relationships; natural occurrence levels; physicochemical properties ID MICROTOX(R) BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY; LIGAND BINDING CHARACTERISTICS; ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS QICARS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS LC50; HEAVY-METALS; RELATIVE TOXICITY; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; SEED-GERMINATION; ROOT ELONGATION; EDIBLE CROPS AB Quantitative Cationic Activity Relationships (QCARs) were developed to predict the toxicity of metal ions from physicochemical properties and natural occurrence levels. In vivo toxicity data for different concentrations of nitrate salts of 17 metal ions were developed based on germination of sunflower seeds (F.1. Helianthus annuus 'Sunspot') in distilled water. The EC50 data were reported as the concentration giving 50% inhibition of radicle growth I day after emergence. Stepwise regression of the toxicity data produced correlations with some physicochemical properties and natural occurrence levels. For physicochemical properties, good results were obtained with the density of the elements, enthalpy of formation of metal sulphides and the stability constants of metal ions with sulphate (r(adj.)(2) = 0.72-0.81). For natural occurrence levels, good results were obtained with metal concentrations in soil, the median elemental composition of soils and the calculated mean of the elemental content in land plants (r(adj.)(2) -0.69-0.83). C1 US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401 M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401 M, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM walker.johnd@epa.gov NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.1002/qsar.200630016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 163YJ UT WOS:000246199000008 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Whitmore, HW Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL AF Cabezas, H. Whitmore, H. W. Pawlowski, C. W. Mayer, A. L. TI On the sustainability of an integrated model system with industrial, ecological, and macroeconomic components SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES 2005)/7th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering (ICheaP-7) CY MAY 15-18, 2005 CL Giardini Naxos, ITALY DE sustainability; ecosystem; macroeconomic; industrial; environmental ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AB The issue of sustainability has arisen naturally from the observation that a growing human population is consuming ever increasing amounts of limited natural resources and causing a host of environmental impacts. The management of environmental impacts that are the result of human activities requires an understanding of various forces on a global scale. To begin this process of understanding, we have constructed a simple model system that is closed to mass but open to a non-limiting source of energy. The system includes a resource pool, three plants species, three herbivore species, two carnivore species, a human population, a generalized industrial sector, and an inaccessible resource pool meant to represent polluted or otherwise biologically inaccessible mass. There is also a price-setting macroeconomic model regulating one of the plant species, one of the herbivores, the industrial sector, and the human population. This model system is essentially a very aggregated and simplified mini-world. We use this model system to explore the sustainability of some observed trends in the real world such as increasing material consumption by the human population. We also explore and contrast several industrial policy options including the use of bio-based production versus non-renewable based production. We further consider industrial policy options that could be used to manage environmental impacts. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Econ, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.06.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164FI UT WOS:000246218600002 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Zartarian, V Moya, J Freeman, N Beamer, P Black, K Tulve, N Shalat, S AF Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie Moya, Jacqueline Freeman, Natalie Beamer, Paloma Black, Kathy Tulve, Nicolle Shalat, Stuart TI A meta-analysis of children's hand-to-mouth frequency data for estimating nondietary ingestion exposure SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE children's exposure; hand-to-mouth frequency; nondietary ingestion ID CONTACT; MODEL; METHODOLOGY; PLAYSETS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; DECKS AB Because of their mouthing behaviors, children have a higher potential for exposure to available chemicals through the nondietary ingestion route; thus, frequency of hand-to-mouth activity is an important variable for exposure assessments. Such data are limited and difficult to collect. Few published studies report such information, and the studies that have been conducted used different data collection approaches (e.g., videography versus real-time observation), data analysis and reporting methods, ages of children, locations, and even definitions of "mouthing." For this article, hand-to-mouth frequency data were gathered from 9 available studies representing 429 subjects and more than 2,000 hours of behavior observation. A meta-analysis was conducted to study differences in hand-to-mouth frequency based on study, age group, gender, and location (indoor vs. outdoor), to fit variability and uncertainty distributions that can be used in probabilistic exposure assessments, and to identify any data gaps. Results of this analysis indicate that age and location are important for hand-tomouth frequency, but study and gender are not. As age increases, both indoor and outdoor hand-to-mouth frequencies decrease. Hand-to-mouth behavior is significantly greater indoors than outdoors. For both indoor and outdoor hand-to-mouth frequencies, interpersonal, and intra-personal variability are similar to 60% and similar to 30%, respectively. The variance difference among different studies is much bigger than its mean, indicating that different studies with different methodologies have similar central values. Weibull distributions best fit the observed data for the different variables considered and are presented in this article by study, age group, and location. Average indoor hand-to-mouth behavior ranged from 6.7 to 28.0 contacts/hour, with the lowest value corresponding to the 6 to < 11 year olds and the highest value corresponding to the 3 to < 6 month olds. Average outdoor hand-to-mouth frequency ranged from 2.9 to 14.5 contacts/hour, with the lowest value corresponding to the 6 to < 11 year olds and the highest value corresponding to the 6 to < 12 month olds. The analysis highlights the need for additional hand-to-mouth data for the < 3 months, 3 to < 6 months, and 3 to < 6 year age groups using standardized collection and analysis because of lack of data or high uncertainty in available data. This is the first publication to report Weibull distributions as the best fitting distribution for hand-to-mouth frequency; using the best fitting exposure factor distribution will help improve estimates of exposure. The analyses also represent a first comprehensive effort to fit hand-to-mouth frequency variability and uncertainty distributions by indoor/outdoor location and by age groups, using the new standard set of age groups recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for assessing childhood exposures. Thus, the data presented in this article can be used to update the U.S. EPA's Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook and to improve estimates of nondietary ingestion in probabilistic exposure modeling. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Zartarian, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, EPA Reg 1,CAP,1 Congress St,Suite 1100, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM zartarian.valerie@epa.gov NR 24 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00893.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 169XO UT WOS:000246625600012 PM 17511707 ER PT J AU Golomb, E Schneider, A Houminer, E Dunnick, J Kissling, G Borman, JB Nyska, A Schwalb, H AF Golomb, Eliahu Schneider, Aviva Houminer, Esther Dunnick, June Kissling, Grace Borman, Joseph B. Nyska, Abraham Schwalb, Herzl TI Occult cardiotoxicity: Subtoxic dosage of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane impairs cardiac response to simulated ischemic injury SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane (CEM); cardiotoxicity; 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT); energy metabolism ID HUMAN MYOCARDIUM; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; IN-VITRO; EARLY INDICATOR; CARDIOMYOCYTES; PROTECTION; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; DAMAGE; HEART AB The effect of Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane (CEM) on myocardial response to ischemia was tested in rats. CEM was dermally applied for 3 days to F344/N male rats, at 0, 100, 400, or 600 mg/kg/d. Subsequently, left ventricular sections were prepared from each rat heart. Part of the sections from each heart were exposed to 90 minutes of simulated ischemia, followed by 90 minutes of reoxygenation. The rest of the sections were continuously oxygenated. Mitochondrial activity was assessed in the sections by the MTT colorimetric assay, reflecting dehydrogenases redox activity. Myocardial toxicity occurred in response to 400 and 600 mg/kg, characterized by myofiber vacuoles, necrosis, and mononuclear infiltrates. The latter dose was lethal. In sections from rats treated with 400 mg/kg CEM, redox activity was decreased by 21% (p < 0.01) in oxygenated conditions and by 45% (p < 0.01) in ischemia-reoxygenation, compared to controls. Hearts of rats treated with 100 mg/kg/d CEM showed normal histology. Their mitochondrial activity did not differ from that of untreated rat hearts in oxygenated conditions. However, in ischemia-reoxygenation, their redox activity was significantly lower (by 46%, p < 0.01) than that of untreated rat hearts. These results demonstrate that subtoxic dosage of a cardiotoxic agent may cause occult cardiotoxicity, reflected by impaired response to ischemia. C1 Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Joseph Lunenfeld Cardiac Surg Res Ctr, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, IL-91031 Jerusalem, Israel. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Med Sch, IL-23840 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Schwalb, H (reprint author), Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Joseph Lunenfeld Cardiac Surg Res Ctr, POB 12000, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM schwalb@hadassah.org.il FU NIMH NIH HHS [273-MH-501726] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1080/01926230701230338 PG 5 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 149AA UT WOS:000245117300007 PM 17455086 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Lambright, CS Ostby, JS Parks-Saldutti, L Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Lambright, Christy S. Ostby, Joseph S. Parks-Saldutti, Louise Vandenbergh, John G. Gray, Leon E., Jr. TI Prenatal testosterone exposure permanently masculinizes anogenital distance, nipple development, and reproductive tract morphology in female Sprague-Dawley rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE AGD; areola; masculinization; reproductive development; fetal androgen; intrauterine position ID SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; FETAL RATS; IN-UTERO; ANDROGEN; PROPIONATE; FINASTERIDE; PHTHALATE AB In mammals, abnormal increases in fetal androgens disrupt normal development of the female phenotype. Due to the recent concern regarding environmental androgen-active chemicals, there is a need to identify sources of fetal androgen variation and sensitive developmental markers for androgenic activity in female rats. Anogenital distances (AGD), nipple retention, reproductive tract, and external genitalia are morphological parameters organized by prenatal androgens and are predictive of altered masculinized/defeminized phenotype in adult female mice and rats. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the natural prenatal androgen environment of rats including the magnitude of the intrauterine position (IUP) effect, (2) characterize the permanent effects of prenatal androgen exposure on female rats, and (3) determine the ability of AGD and areolas to predict these permanent androgenic alterations in female rats. Untreated male fetal rats had higher tissue testosterone (T) concentrations than females in the amniotic fluid, reproductive tract, gonad, and fetal body. The intrauterine position (IUP) of male and female fetuses did not affect T concentrations or AGD in male or female rats at gestational day (GD) 22. Female offspring exposed to 0, 1.5, and 2.5 mg/kg/day testosterone propionate (TP) on GDs 14-18 displayed increased AGD at postnatal day (PND) 2 and decreased nipples at PND 13 and as adults. TP-induced changes in neonatal AGD and infant areola number were reliable indicators of permanently altered adult phenotype in female rats. Further, females in the two high-dose groups displayed increased incidences of external genital malformations and the presence of prostatic tissue, not normally found in female rats. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, NCSU, Cooperat Training Agreement, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov NR 43 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm002 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 146VU UT WOS:000244963600016 PM 17218470 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Schaefer, FW AF Miller, Thomas A. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Characterization of a Cryptosporidium muris infection and reinfection in CF-1 mice SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium muris; B-lymphocytes; reinfection; leukocytes; CD4; CD8; T-lymphocytes; thymus; spleen ID IMMUNOSUPPRESSED ADULT MICE; SECONDARY INFECTIONS; PARVUM INFECTIONS; SCID MICE; STRAIN; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; LYMPHOCYTES; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; ANIMALS AB To establish control values for circulating cells and immune associated organs over the course of a self-limiting Cryptosporidium muris infection and rechallenge infection, mice were sacrificed at intervals starting before oral inoculation and ending after oocyst shedding had ceased. These values were used in other experiments to evaluate changes in these parameters induced by a single dose glucocorticoid immunosuppression model and in other immunosuppression studies. Flow cytometry counts of circulating T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, differential leukocyte counts, leukocyte morphology, spleen and thymus changes, and oocyst shedding were evaluated. Immediately after C. muris oocyst inoculation and up to the start of oocyst production (day 0 to day 7), the circulating blood profile showed a 50% drop in all leukocytes, including both large and small lymphocytes and CD3, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes. There was an initial slight rise in circulating mature nentrophils after oocyst inoculation but numbers promptly dropped below normal and remaineded below normal. In the differential cell counts, monocytes with a fat, oval morphology increased by 60% at 24 h and remained high through oocyst shedding and beyond (day 8 through day 36). During oocyst shedding and continuing past the end of shedding, T-lymphocytes increased 100%. Monocytes with a flat, angular morphology increased in a similar manner. Immediately after oocyst inoculation the spleen contracted by 29%, but became 92% larger than its pre-inoculation size by day 14 when heavy oocyst shedding began. It remained enlarged through the end of oocyst shedding (day 29) and beyond (day 36). Spleen volume decreased and increased similar to changes in T-cell numbers. Throughout the C. muris infection the thymus remained largely unchanged. The transit of an oocyst bolus was followed from the stomach through the gut to the colon. No oocysts could be found in the stomach, caecum or feces of mice one half hour after oocyst inoculation. Likewise, an oral bolus of India ink passed from the stomach entirely into the colon after 3 h; therefore, no oocysts from the inoculum passed completely through the intestine and out into the feces. Recovered mice rechallenged with C. muris showed increased B-lymphocyte numbers; however, T-lymphocyte numbers remained level. The large lymphocytes increased after rechallenge, peaking on day 3, then decreased through day 10. B-cell numbers followed a pattern similar to the large lymphocytes. On day 10 of infection monocytes with a fat oval morphology rose sharply while B-cells fell in number. In both the initial infection and the rechallenge there was no unique blood profile which could definitely indicate a protozoal disease or identify a specific point during the course of the disease. There was no increase in the number of either small or large lymphocytes prior to increases in fat or flat monocytes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaefer, FW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Schaefer.Frank@EPA.GOV NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 31 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 3-4 BP 208 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.026 PG 14 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 146YC UT WOS:000244969600002 PM 17197093 ER PT J AU Kim, D Andersen, ME Pleil, JD Nylander-French, LA Prah, JD AF Kim, David Andersen, Melvin E. Pleil, Joachim D. Nylander-French, Leena A. Prah, James D. TI Refined PBPK model of aggregate exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aggregate exposure; biomarker; methyl tertiary-butyl ether; PBPK; risk assessment ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; CYTOCHROMES P450; MTBE; METABOLISM; HUMANS; WATER; GASOLINE; ABSORPTION; MICROSOMES; CHEMICALS AB Aggregate (multiple pathway) exposures to methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in air and water occur via dermal, inhalation, and oral routes. Previously, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to quantify the kinetic behavior of MTBE and its primary metabolite, tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA), from inhalation exposures. However, the contribution of dermal and oral exposures to the internal dose of MTBE and TBA were not characterized well. The objective of this study was to develop a multi-route PBPK model of MTBE and TBA in humans. The model was based entirely on blood MTBE and TBA measurements from controlled human exposures. The PBPK model consists of nine primary compartments representing the lungs, skin, fat, kidney, stomach, intestine, liver, rapidly perfused tissue, and slowly perfused tissue. The MTBE and TBA models are linked by a single metabolic pathway. Although the general structure of the model is similar to previously published models of volatile organic compounds, we have now developed a detailed mathematical description of the lung, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. This PBPK model represents the most comprehensive and accurate description of MTBE and TBA pharmacokinetics in humans to date. The aggregate exposure model application for MTBE can be generalized to other environmental chemicals under this framework given appropriate empirical measurement data. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Landmark Ctr, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Landmark Ctr, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 4th Floor W,Room 404,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM kbkim@hsph.harvard.edu OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 169 IS 3 BP 222 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.01.008 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 161YN UT WOS:000246053200005 PM 17336003 ER PT J AU Herce, HD Garcia, AE Darden, T AF Herce, Henry David Garcia, Angel Enrique Darden, Thomas TI The electrostatic surface term: (I) Periodic systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE MESH EWALD; DYNAMICS COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CHARGING FREE-ENERGIES; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LATTICE SUMS; WATER; CRYSTALS; SOLVATION; SUMMATION AB The authors propose a new approach to understand the electrostatic surface contributions to the interactions of large but finite periodic distributions of charges. They present a simple method to derive and interpret the surface contribution to any electrostatic field produced by a periodic distribution of charges. They discuss the physical and mathematical interpretations of this term. They present several examples and physical details associated with the calculation of the surface term. Finally, they provide a simple derivation of the surface contribution to the virial. This term does not disappear even if tinfoil boundary conditions are applied. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Herce, HD (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 12 AR 124106 DI 10.1063/1.2714527 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 151VB UT WOS:000245317800008 PM 17411107 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Stout, DM Egeghy, PP AF Morgan, Marsha K. Stout, Daniel M., II Egeghy, Peter P. TI AGRO 163-Potential for human exposures to pet-borne diazinon residues following residential lawn applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morgan, Marsha K.; Stout, Daniel M., II; Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov; stout.dan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 163-AGRO BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800169 ER PT J AU Stout, DM Bradham, K Highsmith, VR Croghan, CW Jones, PA Friedman, W Pinzer, EA Cox, D Dewalt, G AF Stout, Daniel M., II Bradham, Karen Highsmith, V. Ross Croghan, Carry W. Jones, Paul A. Friedman, Warren Pinzer, Eugene A. Cox, David Dewalt, Gary TI AGRO 161-American healthy homes survey: A national study of residential pesticides measured from floor wipes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stout, Daniel M., II; Bradham, Karen; Highsmith, V. Ross; Croghan, Carry W.; Jones, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC 27330 USA. [Friedman, Warren; Pinzer, Eugene A.] US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, OHHLHC, Washington, DC USA. [Cox, David; Dewalt, Gary] Quantech, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM stout.dan@epa.gov; bradham.karen@epa.gov; highsmith.ross@epa.gov; croghan.carry@epa.gov; jones.paul-a@epa.gov; Warren_Friedman@HUD.GOV; eugene_a._pinzer@hud.gov; dcox@quantech.com; fgdewalt@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 161-AGRO BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800174 ER PT J AU Purucker, ST Federico, P Hallam, TG Kennard, K McCracken, GF AF Purucker, S. Thomas Federico, Paula Hallam, Thomas G. Kennard, Kimberly McCracken, Gary F. TI AGRO 190-Landscape dynamics of Bt, bats, and insect resistance in the Winter Garden region of Texas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Purucker, S. Thomas] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Federico, Paula; Hallam, Thomas G.; Kennard, Kimberly; McCracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM purucker.tom@epa.gov; pfederic@utk.edu; thallam@utk.edu; kkennard@utk.edu; gmccrack@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 190-AGRO BP 265 EP 265 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800240 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Bialek, K McCarty, GW Hively, WD Angier, J AF Rice, Clifford P. Bialek, Krystyna McCarty, Gregory W. Hively, W. Dean Angier, Jonathan TI AGRO 204-Herbicide abatement by a riparian wetland system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rice, Clifford P.; Bialek, Krystyna; McCarty, Gregory W.; Hively, W. Dean] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Angier, Jonathan] US EPA, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov; MCCARTYG@BA.ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 204-AGRO BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800246 ER PT J AU Burns, L AF Burns, Lawrence TI AGRO 207-EXPRESS: The EXAMS/PRZM exposure simulation shell SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burns, Lawrence] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM burns.lawrence@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 207-AGRO BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800248 ER PT J AU Thurman, NC Young, D AF Thurman, Nelson C. Young, Dirk TI AGRO 192-Application of spatial analysis in estimating drinking water exposure for the N-methyl carbamate cumulative risk assessment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Young, Dirk] US EPA, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM thurman.nelson@epa.gov; young.dirk@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 192-AGRO BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800285 ER PT J AU Corbin, M Thurman, NC Thawley, M AF Corbin, Mark Thurman, Nelson C. Thawley, Michelle TI AGRO 193-Use of geospatial data in endangered species risk assessments for pesticides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Corbin, Mark; Thurman, Nelson C.; Thawley, Michelle] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM corbin.mark@epa.gov; thurman.nelson@epa.gov; thawley.michelle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 193-AGRO BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800286 ER PT J AU Corbin, M Thurman, NC Thawley, M AF Corbin, Mark Thurman, Nelson C. Thawley, Michelle TI AGRO 194-Framework for a spatial aquatic model for pesticide risk assessments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Corbin, Mark; Thurman, Nelson C.; Thawley, Michelle] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM corbin.mark@epa.gov; thurman.nelson@epa.gov; thawley.michelle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 194-AGRO BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800287 ER PT J AU Ator, SW Denver, JM Neale, AC Pitchford, AM AF Ator, Scott W. Denver, Judith M. Neale, Anne C. Pitchford, Ann M. TI AGRO 143-Estimating the likelihood of occurrence of selected pesticides and nutrients at specific concentrations in Coastal Plain streams on the basis of landscape characteristics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ator, Scott W.; Denver, Judith M.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. [Neale, Anne C.; Pitchford, Ann M.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM swator@usgs.gov; jmdenver@usgs.gov; neale.anne@epa.gov; pitchford.ann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 143-AGRO BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800307 ER PT J AU Jones, RD AF Jones, R. David TI AGRO 206-Riparian ecosystem management model (REMM): Regulatory interests and perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, R. David] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rdjwork@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 206-AGRO BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800321 ER PT J AU Whalen, MM Luebke, RW AF Whalen, Margaret M. Luebke, Robert W. TI Accumulation of dibutyltin in human natural killer cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Whalen, Margaret M.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Luebke, Robert W.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mwhalen@tnstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 199-ENVR BP 357 EP 357 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802307 ER PT J AU Brooks, BW Huggett, DB Brain, RA Ankley, GT AF Brooks, Bryan W. Huggett, Duane B. Brain, Richard A. Ankley, Gerald T. TI AGRO 47-Risk assessment considerations for veterinary medicines in aquatic ecosystems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brooks, Bryan W.; Brain, Richard A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Huggett, Duane B.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Dept Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bryan_brooks@baylor.edu; dbhuggett@unt.edu; richard_brain@baylor.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 47-AGRO BP 366 EP 366 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800341 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Muellner, MG Hsu, KM Richardson, SD AF Plewa, Michael J. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Muellner, Mark G. Hsu, Kang Mei Richardson, Susan D. TI Comparative mammalian cell toxicity of N-DBPs and C-DBPs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Plewa, Michael J.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Muellner, Mark G.; Hsu, Kang Mei] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM mplewa@uiuc.edu; richardson.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 73-ENVR BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802322 ER PT J AU Byrne, C Kamel, A Vigo, C Ferrario, J Stafford, C Verdin, G Siegelman, F Knizner, S Hetrick, J AF Byrne, Christian Kamel, Alaa Vigo, Craig Ferrario, Joseph Stafford, Charles Verdin, Gregory Siegelman, Frederic Knizner, Steve Hetrick, James TI Oxidation of selected organophosphate pesticides during chlorination of drinking water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Byrne, Christian; Vigo, Craig; Ferrario, Joseph] US EPA, Environm Chem Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kamel, Alaa; Stafford, Charles; Verdin, Gregory; Siegelman, Frederic] US EPA, Analyt Chem Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Knizner, Steve] US EPA, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hetrick, James] US EPA, Environm Fate & Effects Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM byrne.christian@epa.gov; kamel.alaa@epa.gov; vigo.craig@epa.gov; ferrario.joseph@epa.gov; stafford.charles@epa.gov; verdin.gregory@epa.gov; siegelman.frederic@epa.gov; knizner.steve@epa.gov; hetrick.james@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 69-ENVR BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802353 ER PT J AU Zaffiro, A Al-Horr, R Munch, DJ Pepich, B AF Zaffiro, Alan Al-Horr, Rida Munch, David J. Pepich, Barry TI Determination of haloacetic acids and dalapon via ion chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zaffiro, Alan; Pepich, Barry] Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Al-Horr, Rida] Dionex Chem Corp, Res & Dev, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. [Munch, David J.] US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45246 USA. EM zaffiro.alan@epa.gov; rida.alhorr@dionex.com; munch.dave@epa.gov; pepich.barry@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 79-ENVR BP 420 EP 420 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802370 ER PT J AU Bodin, N Weinberg, HS Krasner, SW Richardson, SD Simmons, JE AF Bodin, Nathalie Weinberg, Howard S. Krasner, Stuart W. Richardson, Susan D. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Scaled-up chlorination of surface water using reverse osmosis concentrates for detection of priority DBPs in drinking waters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bodin, Nathalie; Weinberg, Howard S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Krasner, Stuart W.] Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, NHEERL ORD, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM n.bodin@email.unc.edu; howard_weinberg@unc.edu; skrasner@mwdH2O.com; richardson.susan@epa.gov; simmons.jane@epa.gov RI Bodin, Nathalie/D-2184-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 107-ENVR BP 434 EP 434 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802384 ER PT J AU Conklin, SD Adair, BM Creed, PA Creed, JT Hughes, MF Thomas, DJ AF Conklin, Sean D. Adair, Blakely M. Creed, Patricia A. Creed, John T. Hughes, Michael F. Thomas, David J. TI Comparison of the urinary metabolites of rats, mice and humans after oral arsenic exposure focusing on thioarsenicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Conklin, Sean D.; Creed, Patricia A.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hughes, Michael F.; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM adair.blakely@epa.gov; thomas.david@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 151-ENVR BP 435 EP 435 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802385 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G Pinto, P AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, Gautham Pinto, Patricio TI Transformation and mobilization of arsenic adsorbed on granular ferric hydroxide under bioreductive conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, Gautham; Pinto, Patricio] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; jegadeesan.gautham@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 59-ENVR BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802386 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N. TI A green chemistry approach to preparation of core (Fe or Cu)-shell (noble metals) nanocomposites using aqueous ascorbic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; mallikarjuna.nadagouda@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 1017-INOR BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722805435 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N. TI Novel metallic and bimetallic crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites prepared under microwave irradiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; mallikarjuna.nadagouda@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 917-INOR BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722805438 ER PT J AU Gorski, CA Larese-Casanova, P Williams, AGB Scherer, MM AF Gorski, Christopher A. Larese-Casanova, Philip Williams, Aaron G. B. Scherer, Michelle M. TI Mossbauer study of Fe(II) reacted with environmentally relevant surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gorski, Christopher A.; Larese-Casanova, Philip; Scherer, Michelle M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Williams, Aaron G. B.] US EPA, Soils & Sediments Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM michelle-scherer@uiowa.edu; plaresec@engineering.uiowa.edu; williams.aaron@epa.gov; michelle-scherer@uiowa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 207-ENVR BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802424 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Crumley, FG Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Mize, T Ange, P Orlando, R Williamson, L Bartlett, MG AF Richardson, Susan D. Crumley, F. Gene Plewa, Michael J. Wagner, Elizabeth D. Mize, Todd Ange, Peggi Orlando, Ron Williamson, Leah Bartlett, Michael G. TI Chlorinated vs. chloraminated drinking water: Toxicity-based identification of disinfection by-products using ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richardson, Susan D.; Crumley, F. Gene] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Plewa, Michael J.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mize, Todd] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ange, Peggi] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr 3, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Orlando, Ron] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Williamson, Leah] Univ Georgia, Dept Pharm, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bartlett, Michael G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov; mplewa@uiuc.edu; bartlett@mail.rx.uga.edu RI Bartlett, Michael/J-1065-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 75-ENVR BP 572 EP 572 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802522 ER PT J AU Vaidya, A AF Vaidya, Ajit TI Great Lakes Legacy Act program for remediation of contaminated sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaidya, Ajit] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM vaidya.ajit@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 186-IEC BP 800 EP 800 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802702 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, JT Gonzalez, MA AF Ciszewski, James T. Gonzalez, Michael A. TI I&EC 18-Supported lyotropic liquid crystal polymer membranes: New materials for size-selective aqueous nanofiltration and desalination SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ciszewski, James T.; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Ciszewski.Jim@epamail.epa.gov; gonzalez.michael@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 117-IEC BP 808 EP 808 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802710 ER PT J AU Srirangam, R Ramamurthy, S Khodadoust, AP Brenner, RC AF Srirangam, Ravikumar Ramamurthy, Saikrishnan Khodadoust, Amid P. Brenner, Richard C. TI I&EC 41-Para-acyl calix[4]arenes: Inclusion abilities and applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Srirangam, Ravikumar; Ramamurthy, Saikrishnan; Khodadoust, Amid P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Brenner, Richard C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rsrira1@uic.edu; akhodado@uic.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 195-IEC BP 822 EP 822 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802724 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI I&EC 3-Can we use atmospheric carbon dioxide as an energy efficient carbon source for hydrocarbon fuels produced from renewable energy sources? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, ERC 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM agarwash@email.uc.edu; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 164-IEC BP 839 EP 839 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802741 ER PT J AU Bayer, GC Stryker, R Linebaugh, S AF Bayer, Gina C. Stryker, Rob Linebaugh, Stephanie TI I&EC 4-Defective MFI zeolite membranes with high selectivities SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bayer, Gina C.; Stryker, Rob] CH2M Hill Inc, Milwaukee, WI 53214 USA. [Linebaugh, Stephanie] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM rbayer@ch2m.com; rstryker@ch2m.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 193-IEC BP 843 EP 843 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802745 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MA AF Gonzalez, Michael A. TI Sustainability and the role of the chemist SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM gonzalez.michael@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 28-CHED BP 845 EP 845 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722804842 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI I&EC 128-QSPR Models for predicting extraction equilibrium of dicarboxylic acids with tertiary amine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fang, Yuanxiang; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Fang.James@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 194-IEC BP 855 EP 855 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802757 ER PT J AU Kempic, JB AF Kempic, Jeffrey B. TI EPA's drinking water regulatory process SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kempic, Jeffrey B.] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kempic.jeffrey@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 34-CHED BP 866 EP 866 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803858 ER PT J AU Acquah, C Achenie, LEK Karunanithi, AT Sithambaram, S Suib, SL AF Acquah, Charles Achenie, Luke E. K. Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Sithambaram, Shanthakumar Suib, Steven L. TI MEDI 343-Discovery of novel pyrrolidine derivatives as potent leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Crystallization; Morphology; Ibuprofen; Hydrogen bonding; Viscosity C1 [Acquah, Charles] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Achenie, Luke E. K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.] US EPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Sithambaram, Shanthakumar; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM cna02002@engr.uconn.edu; achenie@engr.uconn.edu; karunanithi.arunprakash@epa.gov; ssithambaram@yahoo.co.uk; steven.suib@uconn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 403-MEDI BP 894 EP 894 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722806736 ER PT J AU DePinto, JV Kreis, RG AF DePinto, Joseph V. Kreis, Russell G., Jr. TI Mass balance models for persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic chemicals (PBTs) in the Great Lakes: Application to Lake Ontario SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DePinto, Joseph V.] Limnotech Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Forec, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM jdepinto@limno.com; kreis.russell@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 89-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801016 ER PT J AU Ford, RG AF Ford, Robert G. TI Site characterization to support conceptual model development for subsurface radionuclide transport SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ford, Robert G.] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ford.robert@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 117-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807105 ER PT J AU Hall, RE Lee, CW Srivastava, RK Hutson, N AF Hall, Robert E. Lee, Chun W. Srivastava, Ravi K. Hutson, Nick TI Mercury control technology: A summary SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hall, Robert E.; Lee, Chun W.; Hutson, Nick] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Srivastava, Ravi K.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hall.bob@epa.gov; lee.chun-wai@epa.gov; srivastava.ravi@epa.gov; hutson.nick@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 91-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801738 ER PT J AU Rockwell, DC AF Rockwell, David C. TI Great Lakes offshore biological dessert and the nearshore slime around the tub SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rockwell, David C.] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM Rockwell.David@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 92-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801072 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Richard, AM AF Yang, Chihae Richard, Ann M. TI Applying data mining approaches to further understanding chemical effects on biological systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Chihae] Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cyang@leadscope.com; richard.ann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 76-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801070 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Use of carbon stable isotope to investigate chloromethane formation in the electrolytic dechlorination of trichloroethylene SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon stable isotope; trichloroethylene (TCE); electrolytic dechlorination ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; FRACTIONATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Carbon stable isotope trichloroethylene (C-13 TCE) was used to investigate the formation of chloromethane (CM) during the electrolytic dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) at a granular-graphite packed cathode. A method was developed to use a conventional GC/MS to analyze and quantify regular and C-13 TCE and their dechlorination products. The concentration of a C-13 compound can be calculated, based on the concentration of its regular counterpart, from the response ratio of two fragments of different mass per charge values from the compounds in a sample and two characteristic MS spectrum ratios: one is the response ratio of the two fragments of the regular compound, and the other is the response ratio of the corresponding fragments of the regular and C-13 compounds at the same concentrations. The method was used to analyze the regular and C-13 compounds observed in an experiment of dechlorination in an ammonium acetate solution that contained both regular TCE and C-13 TCE. Results of analysis confirmed that CM was not a direct product of TCE dechlorination at the granular graphite cathode that cis-DCE was an intermediate product of TCE dechlorination, and that 1,1-DCE was not a dechlorination product. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Al-Abed.Souhail@epa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 141 IS 3 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.036 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154DO UT WOS:000245487200031 PM 16949745 ER PT J AU McKeen, S Chung, SH Wilczak, J Grell, G Djalalova, I Peckham, S Gong, W Bouchet, V Moffet, R Tang, Y Carmichael, GR Mathur, R Yu, S AF McKeen, S. Chung, S. H. Wilczak, J. Grell, G. Djalalova, I. Peckham, S. Gong, W. Bouchet, V. Moffet, R. Tang, Y. Carmichael, G. R. Mathur, R. Yu, S. TI Evaluation of several PM2.5 forecast models using data collected during the ICARTT/NEAQS 2004 field study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; AEROSOL DYNAMICS MODEL; REGIONAL AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; SIMULATION; URBAN; EQUILIBRIUM; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB Real-time forecasts of PM2.5 aerosol mass from seven air quality forecast models (AQFMs) are statistically evaluated against observations collected in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada from two surface networks and aircraft data during the summer of 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT)/New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) field campaign. The AIRNOW surface network is used to evaluate PM2.5 aerosol mass, the U.S. EPA STN network is used for PM2.5 aerosol composition comparisons, and aerosol size distribution and composition measured from the NOAA P-3 aircraft are also compared. Statistics based on midday 8-hour averages, as well as 24-hour averages are evaluated against the AIRNOW surface network. When the 8-hour average PM2.5 statistics are compared against equivalent ozone statistics for each model, the analysis shows that PM2.5 forecasts possess nearly equivalent correlation, less bias, and better skill relative to the corresponding ozone forecasts. An analysis of the diurnal variability shows that most models do not reproduce the observed diurnal cycle at urban and suburban monitor locations, particularly during the nighttime to early morning transition. While observations show median rural PM2.5 levels similar to urban and suburban values, the models display noticeably smaller rural/urban PM2.5 ratios. The ensemble PM2.5 forecast, created by combining six separate forecasts with equal weighting, is also evaluated and shown to yield the best possible forecast in terms of the statistical measures considered. The comparisons of PM2.5 composition with NOAA P-3 aircraft data reveals two important features: (1) The organic component of PM2.5 is significantly underpredicted by all the AQFMs and (2) those models that include aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 to sulfate in clouds overpredict sulfate levels while those AQFMs that do not include this transformation mechanism underpredict sulfate. Errors in PM2.5 ammonium levels tend to correlate directly with errors in sulfate. Comparisons of PM2.5 composition with the U. S. EPA STN network for three of the AQFMs show that sulfate biases are consistently lower at the surface than aloft. Recommendations for further research and analysis to help improve PM2.5 forecasts are also provided. C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Environm Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Environm Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Global Syst Div, Environm Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ASMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP McKeen, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Environm Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stuart.a.mckeen@noaa.gov RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; NR 48 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10S20 DI 10.1029/2006JD007608 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150AM UT WOS:000245188000002 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Hu, Y AF Kligerman, A. D. Hu, Y. TI Some insights into the mode of action of butadiene by examining the genotoxicity of its metabolites SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Evaluation of Butadiene and Chloroprene Health Risks CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Charleston, SC DE butadiene; clastogenicity; DNA damage and repair; diepoxybutane; mode of action; monoepoxybutene; sister chromatid exchange ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; DNA; 1,3-BUTADIENE; CELLS; INDUCTION; MOUSE; 3,4-EPOXY-1-BUTENE AB 1,3-Butadiene (BTD) is an important commodity chemical and air pollutant that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen in mice, and to a lesser extent, a carcinogen in rats. To better assess butadiene's carcinogenic risk to humans, it is important to understand its mode of action and how this relates to differences in responses among species. In a series of in vitro experiments, lymphocytes from, rats, mice, and humans were exposed to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB) or 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) for 1 h at the G(0) stage of the cell cycle, stimulated to divide, and cultured to assess the ability of these metabolites to induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberrations (CAs). EB induced no increases in SCEs or CAs in the cells from the three species. DEB was a potent SCE- and CA-inducer, with the results being similar in each rodent species. The response for SCEs seen in the human cells was more complex, with genetic polymorphism for glutathione-S-transferases (GST) possibly modulating the response. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay was used on genetically engineered V79 cell lines to investigate a possible influence of GST status. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the reason for EB's failure to induce SCEs or CAs in Go cells. The results indicate that EB-induced DNA damage was repaired before DNA synthesis in unstimulated lymphocytes, but EB caused a large increase in SCEs if actively cycling cells were treated. Thus, the results indicate that DEB damage is persistent in Go cells, and DEB is a much more potent genotoxicant than EB. The carcinogenic effect of butadiene will most likely depend on the degree to which DEB is produced and reaches target tissues, and to a lesser extent on the ability of EB to reach actively dividing or repair deficient cells. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Cellular Toxicol Branch, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular Toxicol Branch, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kligerman.andrew@epa.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.03.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 162OG UT WOS:000246096600015 PM 16698003 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI Cancer risk assessment for 1,3-butadiene: Data integration opportunities SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Evaluation of Butadiene and Chloroprene Health Risks CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Charleston, SC DE risk assessment; 1,3-butadiene; bioindicators; key events; human relevance framework; dose-response characterization AB The US Environmental Protection Agency recently released its new guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment together with supplemental guidance for assessing susceptibility from early-life exposure to carcinogens. In particular, these guidelines encourage the use of mechanistic data in support of dose-response characterization at doses below those at which an increase in tumor frequency over background levels might be detected. In this context of the utility of mechanistic data for human cancer risk assessment, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) has developed a human relevance framework (HRF) that can be used to assess the plausibility of a mode of action (MoA) described for animal models operating in humans. The MoA is described as a sequence of key events and processes that result in an adverse outcome. A key event is a measurable precursor step that is in itself a necessary element of the MoA or is a bioindicator for such an element. A number of cellular and molecular perturbations have been identified as key events whereby DNA-reactive chemicals can produce tumors. These include DNA adducts in target tissues, gene mutations and/or chromosomal alterations in target tissues and enhanced cell proliferation in target tissues. This type of data integration approach to quantitative cancer risk assessment can be applied to 1,3-butadiene, for example, using data on biomarkers in exposed Czech workers [1]. For this study, an extensive range of biomarkers of exposure and response was assessed, including: polymorphisms in metabolizing enzymes; urinary concentrations of several metabolites of 1,3-butadiene; hemoglobin adducts; HPRT mutations in T-lymphocytes; chromosomal aberrations by FISH and conventional staining procedures; sister chromatid exchanges. Exposure levels were monitored in a comprehensive fashion. For fisk assessment purposes, these data need to be considered in the context of how they inform the MoA for leukemia, the tumor type reported to be increased in synthetic rubber workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene. Also, for the HRF it is necessary to establish key events for a MoA in rodents for the induction of tumors by 1,3-butadiene. There is clearly a species difference in sensitivity to tumor induction, with mice being much more sensitive than rats; key events need to explain this difference. For butadiene, the MoA is DNA-reactivity and subsequent mutagenicity and so following the EPA's cancer guidelines, a linear extrapolation is used from the point of departure (POD), unless additional data support a non-linear extrapolation. For the present case, the human bioindicator data are not informative as far as dose-response characterization is concerned. Mouse chromosome aberration data for in vivo exposures might be used for establishing a POD, with linear extrapolation from this POD. The available cytogenetic data from rodent studies appear to be sufficiently extensive and consistent for this to be a viable approach. This approach of using MoA and key events to establish the human relevance can lead to the development of specific informative bioindicators of response that can be used as surrogates to predict the shape of the tumor dose response curve at low doses. Truly informative predictors of tumor responses should be able to provide estimates of human tumor frequencies at low, environmental exposures to 1,3-butadiene. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Preston.julian@epa.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.03.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 162OG UT WOS:000246096600017 PM 16647696 ER PT J AU Pagan, I AF Pagan, Ines TI Chloroprene: Overview of studies under consideration for the development of an IRIS assessment SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Evaluation of Butadiene and Chloroprene Health Risks CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Charleston, SC DE beta-chloroprene; monoepoxide; human health effects ID IN-VITRO METABOLISM; BETA-CHLOROPRENE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; B6C3F(1) MICE; DOSE-RESPONSE; WORKERS; RATS; 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE; CARCINOGENICITY; 1,3-BUTADIENE AB Beta-chloroprene (C4H5Cl, chloroprene, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, CASRN 126-99-8) is a volatile, flammable liquid monomer utilized primarily in the manufacture of neoprene (polychloroprene) elastomer used in belts, hoses, gloves, wire coatings, and tubing. Absorption into the body occurs primarily via the respiratory system and may occur via the gastrointestinal tract or the skin. Once absorbed, chloroprene is widely distributed as evidenced by effects in several target organs including nose and lung, liver, and skin. Chloroprene metabolism is believed to include cytochrome P450 oxidation to a monoepoxide, hydrolysis by epoxide hydrolases, and glutathione conjugation. Similar to 1,3-butadiene, the epoxide is considered to be the toxic moiety, and species differences in metabolic capacity may influence the severity of effects as well as what tissues are affected. EPA has not previously developed an assessment of chloroprene's potential for human health effects. Existing human epidemiological studies offer little data on noncancer effects, and the associations of exposure with increased cancer (liver and lung) mortality reported are inconclusive. Recent epidemiological studies (submitted for publication) could offer information that may impact chloroprene's health assessment. Multiple-site tumors have been reported in rats and mice exposed to chloroprene by inhalation; nevertheless, there are marked differences in strain sensitivities (i.e., tumors in F344 rats versus no tumors in Wistar rats). Recently developed physiologically based toxicokinetic models may allow for the resolution of species and tissue differences and sensitivities as well as exposure-dose-response relationships relevant to humans. (This presentation does not necessarily reflect EPA policy.) (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pagan, I (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mailcode B-243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Pagan.Ines@epa.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.12.001 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 162OG UT WOS:000246096600038 PM 17234169 ER PT J AU DeWoskin, RS AF DeWoskin, Robert S. TI PBPK models in risk assessment - A focus on chloroprene SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Evaluation of Butadiene and Chloroprene Health Risks CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Charleston, SC DE PBPK model; chloroprene; risk assessment; toxicokinetic; IRIS ID BETA-CHLOROPRENE; METABOLISM; HUMANS; RATS AB Mathematical models are increasingly being used to simulate events in the exposure-response continuum, and to support quantitative predictions of risks to human health. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models address that portion of the continuum from an external chemical exposure to an internal dose at a target site. Essential data needed to develop a PBPK model include values of key physiological parameters (e.g., tissue volumes, blood flow rates) and chemical specific parameters (rate of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) for the species of interest. PBPK models are commonly used to: (1) predict concentrations of an internal dose over time at a target site following external exposure via different routes and/or durations; (2) predict human internal concentration at a target site based on animal data by accounting for toxicokinetic and physiological differences; and (3) estimate variability in the internal dose within a human population resulting from differences in individual pharmacokinetics. Himmelstein et al. [M.W. Himmelstein, S.C. Carpenter, P.M. Hinderliter, Kinetic modeling of beta-chloroprene metabolism. I. In vitro rates in liver and lung tissue fractions from mice, rats, hamsters, and humans, Toxicol. Sci. 79 (1) (2004) 18-27; M.W. Himmelstein, S.C. Carpenter, M.V. Evans, P.M. Hinderliter, E.M. Kenyon, Kinetic modeling of beta-chloroprene metabolism. II. The application of physiologically based modeling for cancer dose response analysis, Toxicol. Sci. 79 (1) (2004) 28-37] developed a PBPK model for chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene; CD) that simulates chloroprene disposition in rats, mice, hamsters, or humans following an inhalation exposure. Values for the CD-PBPK model metabolic parameters were obtained from in vitro studies, and model simulations compared to data from in vivo gas uptake studies in rats, hamsters, and mice. The model estimate for total amount of metabolite in lung correlated better with rodent tumor incidence than did the external dose. Based on this PBPK model analytical approach, Himmelstein et al. [M.W. Himmelstein, S.C. Carpenter, M.V. Evans, P.M. Hinderliter, E.M. Kenyon, Kinetic modeling of beta-chloroprene metabolism. II. The application of physiologically based modeling for cancer dose response analysis, Toxicol. Sci. 79 (1) (2004) 28-37; M.W. Himmelstein, R. Leonard, R. Valentine, Kinetic modeling of P-chloroprene metabolism: default and physiologically-based modeling approaches for cancer dose response, in: IISRP Symposium on Evaluation of Butadiene & Chloroprene Health Effects, September 21, 2005, TBD-reference in this proceedings issue of Chemical-Biological Interactions] propose that observed species differences in the lung tumor dose-response result from differences in CD metabolic rates. The CD-PBPK model has not yet been submitted to EPA for use in developing the IRIS assessment for chloroprene, but is sufficiently developed to be considered. The process that EPA uses to evaluate PBPK models is discussed, as well as potential applications for the CD-PBPK model in an IRIS assessment. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeWoskin, RS (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, Mail Drop B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dewoskin.rob@epa.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.01.016 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 162OG UT WOS:000246096600039 PM 17324392 ER PT J AU Simon, MA Brusseau, ML AF Simon, Michelle A. Brusseau, Mark L. TI Analysis of a gas-phase partitioning tracer test conducted in an unsaturated fractured-clay formation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE partitioning tracer; NAPL saturation; vadose zone; water content; fracture; clay; unsaturated; breakthrough curves; alkane; perfluoride; halon; helium; capillary fringe; gas phase; noble gas ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION; REMEDIATION PERFORMANCE; LIQUID; TRANSPORT; NAPL AB The gas-phase partitioning tracer method was used to estimate non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), water, and air saturations in the vadose zone at a chlorinated-solvent contaminated field site in Tucson, A.Z. The tracer test was conducted in a fractured-clay system that is the confining layer for the underlying regional aquifer. Three suites of three tracers were injected into wells located 14, 24, and 24 in from a single, central extraction well. The tracers comprised noble gases (traditionally thought to be nonsorbing), alkanes (primarily water partitioning), perfluorides (primarily NAPL partitioning), and halons (both NAPL and water partitioning). Observations of vacuum response were consistent with flow in a fractured system. The halon tracers exhibited the greatest amount of retardation, and helium and the perfluoride tracers the least. The alkane tracers were unexpectedly more retarded than the perfluoride tracers, indicating low NAPL saturations and high water saturations. An NAPL saturation of 0.01, water saturation of 0.215, and gas saturation of 0.775 was estimated based on analysis of the suite of tracers comprising helium, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and dibromodifluoromethane, which was considered to be the most robust set. The estimated saturations compare reasonably well to independently determined values. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Simon, MA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM simon.michelle@epa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.09.010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 141MQ UT WOS:000244583300002 PM 17157956 ER EF