FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Velders, GJM Andersen, SO Daniel, JS Fahey, DW McFarland, M AF Velders, Guus J. M. Andersen, Stephen O. Daniel, John S. Fahey, David W. McFarland, Mack TI The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Kyoto Protocol; ozone layer; radiative forcing ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE LOSS; EMISSION SCENARIOS; GREENHOUSE; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; DEPLETION; IMPACT AB The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). ODSs are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing of climate change. Using historical ODSs emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that the ODS contribution to radiative forcing most likely would have been much larger if the ODS link to stratospheric ozone depletion had not been recognized in 1974 and followed by a series of regulations. The climate protection already achieved by the Montreal Protocol alone is far larger than the reduction target of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Additional climate benefits that are significant compared with the Kyoto Protocol reduction target could be achieved by actions under the Montreal Protocol, by managing the emissions of substitute fluorocarbon gases and/or implementing alternative gases with lower global warming potentials. C1 Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. DuPont Fluoroprod, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, POB 303, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM guus.velders@mnp.nl RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 43 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 71 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 12 BP 4814 EP 4819 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610328104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150YY UT WOS:000245256700011 PM 17360370 ER PT J AU Nelson, G Ross, JA Pimentel, M Desai, D Sharma, AK Amin, S Nesnow, S AF Nelson, Garret Ross, Jeffrey A. Pimentel, Maria Desai, Dhimant Sharma, Arun K. Amin, Shantu Nesnow, Stephen TI Characterization of naphtho[1,2-a]pyrene and naphtho[1,2-e]pyrene DNA adducts in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DNA adducts; naphthopyrene; P-32-postlabeling; C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; RAS ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; A/J MOUSE LUNG; MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; MAMMARY-GLAND; DIOL EPOXIDES; FJORD REGION AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of carcinogenic chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment. Fjord-region naphthopyrene isomers are structurally similar to the potent fjord-region PAH carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and thus have the potential to be potent carcinogens. Naphtho[1,2-a]pyrene (N[1,2-a]P) exhibited similar bacterial mutagenicity and morphological cell transforming activity when compared to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), whereas the structural isomer, naphtho[1,2-e]pyrene (N[1,2-e]P) was inactive is these bioassays. In this study, we examined the formation of DNA adducts in C3H10T1/2Cl8 (C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts exposed to N[1,2-a]P or N[1,2-e]P and their respective dihydrodiols. The DNA adducts were characterized by co-chromatography with reaction products from anti-N[1,2-a]P diol epoxide (DE) or anti-N[1,2-e]PDE and polydeoxyadenosine (dAdo) or oligodeoxyguanosine (dGuo). C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts exposed to N[1,2-a]P or N[1,2-a]P-9,10-diol produced both anti-N[1,2-a]P-DE-dAdo and -dGuo adducts with total DNA adduction levels of 22.2 to 33.3 pmol DNA adducts/ltg DNA. C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts exposed to N[1,2-e]P produced 2 major and 1 minor adducts. C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts exposed to N[1,2-e]P-11,12-diol produced 2 major adducts. All of the identified adducts were anti-N[1,2-e]PDE-dGuo and -dAdo adducts. While the total DNA adduct level in N[1,2-e]P-11,12-diol-treated fibroblasts was extremely high, 105.9 pmol DNA adducts/ltg DNA, the level in N[1,2-e]P-treated fibroblasts was 1.47 pmol DNA adducts/pg DNA. We conclude that lack of biological activity of N[1,2-e]P may be related to its inability to form sufficient amounts of N[1,2-e]P-1 1,12-diol, which would then be metabolized to sufficient amounts of anti-N[1,2-e]PDE needed to transform these fibroblasts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2007 VL 247 IS 2 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.05.011 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 147IE UT WOS:000244995800016 PM 16814461 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Lee, EH Waschmann, RS Olszyk, DA Rygiewicz, PT Johnson, MG AF Tingey, David T. Phillips, Donald L. Lee, E. Henry Waschmann, Ronald S. Olszyk, David A. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Johnson, Mark G. TI Elevated temperature, soil moisture and seasonality but not CO2 affect canopy assimilation and system respiration in seedling Douglas-fir ecosystems SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir trees; Pseudotsuga menziesii; carbon dioxide; global warming; photosynthesis; respiration ID HINOKI FOREST TREE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SCOTS PINE; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; ABOVEGROUND PARTS; DARK RESPIRATION; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; FACE EXPERIMENTS; HARDWOOD FOREST AB We investigated the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and air temperature on C cycling in trees and associated soil system, focusing on canopy CO2 assimilation (A(sys)) and system CO2 loss through respiration (R-sys). We hypothesized that both elevated CO2 and elevated temperature would stimulate A(sys) and R-sys. The study was conducted in sun-lit controlled-environment mesocosms using Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) seedlings grown in reconstructed plant-litter-soil systems. A completely randomized design with two atmospheric CO2 and two air temperature levels was used. A mass-balance approach was used to calculate daily mean A(sys) and R-sys rates for 19 months. A mixed model analysis was used to test the effects of CO2 and air temperature on daily A(sys) and R-sys adjusted for covariates of time, light, soil moisture and seasonality. Elevated temperature stimulated A(sys) and R-sys but elevated CO2 did not. Elevated CO2 and temperature both increased light sensitivity and the light saturation level of photosynthesis. Both A(sys) and R-sys were controlled by temperature, soil moisture and endogenous seasonal processes. Temperature sensitivity of R-sys varied seasonally but there was no acclimatization. Because of the close linkage between assimilation and respiration, elevated CO2 failed to stimulate A(sys) and R-sys. Although CO2 is a substrate, assimilate is also controlled by its concentration. Needle-level studies established that increasing CO2 down regulates assimilation through changes in Rubisco, especially if resources are limited. This study shows that increasing CO2 also regulates assimilation allometrically through changes in needle area. Stimulation of assimilation is offset by a reduction in needle area such that the A(sys) and R-sys are similar in ambient and elevated treatments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.11.005 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144VK UT WOS:000244824200003 ER PT J AU Hebbar, PB Archer, TK AF Hebbar, Pratibha B. Archer, Trevor K. TI Chromatin-dependent cooperativity between site-specific transcription factors in vivo SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE-2; TUMOR VIRUS PROMOTER; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; GENE FAMILY; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; SWI/SNF COMPLEX; MAMMARY-GLAND; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION AB Accessing binding sites in DNA wrapped around histories in condensed chromatin is an obstacle that transcription factors must overcome to regulate gene expression. Here we demonstrate cooperativity between two transcription factors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and nuclear factor 1 (NF1) to bind the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter organized as regular chromatin in vivo. This cooperativity is not observed when the promoter is introduced transiently into cells. Using RNA interference to deplete NF1 protein levels in the cells, we confirmed that NF1 promotes binding of GR to the promoter. Furthermore, we observed a similar synergism between GR and NF1 binding on the endogenous 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase promoter, also regulated by GR and NF1. Our results suggest that the chromatin architecture of the promoters does not permit strong association of GR in the absence of NF1. Therefore we propose that cooperativity among DNA binding factors in binding to their cognate recognition sites in chromatin may be an important feature in the regulation of gene expression. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,MD D4-01,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES071006-09, Z99 ES999999] NR 36 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 11 BP 8284 EP 8291 DI 10.1074/jbc.M610554200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 148ND UT WOS:000245081000061 PM 17186943 ER PT J AU Mackay, D de Sieyes, N Einarson, M Feris, K Pappas, A Wood, I Jacobsen, L Justice, L Noske, M Wilson, J Adair, C Scow, K AF Mackay, Doug de Sieyes, Nick Einarson, Murray Feris, Kevin Pappas, Alex Wood, Isaac Jacobsen, Lisa Justice, Larry Noske, Mark Wilson, John Adair, Cherri Scow, Kate TI Impact of ethanol on the natural attenuation of MTBE in a normally sulfate-reducing aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; BIODEGRADATION; BENZENE; TOLUENE; XYLENE; CARBON AB Side-by-side experiments were conducted in an aquifer contaminated with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) at a former fuel station to evaluate the effect of ethanol release on the fate of pre-existing MTBE contamination. On one side, for similar to 9 months we injected groundwater amended with 1-3 mg/L benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BToX). On the other side, we injected the same, adding similar to 500 mg/ L ethanol. The fates of BToX in both sides ("lanes") were addressed in a prior publication. No MTBE transformation was observed in the "No Ethanol Lane." In the "With Ethanol Lane", MTBE was transformed to tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) under the methanogenic and/or acetogenic conditions induced by the in situ biodegradation of the ethanol downgradient of the injection wells. The lag time before onset of this transformation was less than 2 months and the pseudo-first-order reaction rate estimated after 7-8 months was 0.046 d(-1). Our results imply that rapid subsurface transformation of MTBE to TBA may be expected in situations where strongly anaerobic conditions are sustained and fluxes of requisite nutrients and electron donors allow development of an active acetogenic/methanogenic zone beyond the reach of inhibitory effects such as those caused by high concentrations of ethanol. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Geomatrix Consultants, Oakland, CA USA. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Mackay, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dmmackay@ucdavis.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P42 ES04699] NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2015 EP 2021 DI 10.1021/es062156q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 145HE UT WOS:000244855100040 PM 17410799 ER PT J AU Pero, RS Borchers, MT Spicher, K Ochkur, SI Sikora, L Rao, SP Abdala-Valencia, H O'Neill, KR Shen, H McGarry, MP Lee, NA Cook-Mills, JM Sriramarao, P Simon, MI Birnbaumer, L Lee, JJ AF Pero, Ralph S. Borchers, Michael T. Spicher, Karsten Ochkur, Sergei I. Sikora, Lyudmila Rao, Savita P. Abdala-Valencia, Hiam O'Neill, Katie R. Shen, Huahao McGarry, Michael P. Lee, Nancy A. Cook-Mills, Joan M. Sriramarao, P. Simon, Melvin I. Birnbaumer, Lutz Lee, James J. TI G alpha(i2)-mediated signaling events in the endotheliurn are involved in controlling leukocyte extravasation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE G proteins; inflammation; knockout mice; leukocyte trafficking; pulmonary models ID AIRWAY PATHOLOGIES; G-PROTEINS; ASTHMA; CELLS; MICE; EXPRESSION; CHEMOKINES; MICRODOMAINS; INFLAMMATION; EOSINOPHILIA AB The trafficking of leukocytes from the blood to sites of inflammation is the cumulative result of receptor-ligand-mediated signaling events associated with the leukocytes themselves as well as with the underlying vascular endothelium. Our data show that Gal signaling pathways in the vascular endothelium regulate a critical step required for leukocyte diapedesis. In vivo studies using knockout mice demonstrated that a signaling event in a non-lymphohematopoietic compartment of the lung prevented the recruitment of proinflammatory leukocytes. Intravital microscopy showed that blockade was at the capillary endothelial surface and ex vivo studies of leukocyte trafficking demonstrated that a G alpha(i)-signaling event in endothelial cells was required for transmigration. Collectively, these data suggest that specific G alpha(i2)-mediated signaling between endothelial cells and leukocytes is required for the extravasation of leukocytes and for tissue-specific accumulation. C1 Mayo Clin Arizona, SCIMRB Res, Div Hematol Oncol, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. Mayo Clin Arizona, SCIMRB Res, Div Pulm Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Environm Genet & Mol Toxicol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. La Jolla Inst Mol Med, Div Vasc Biol, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Northwestern Univ, Div Allergy Immunol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Resp Med, Hosp 2, Hangzhou 310009, Peoples R China. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lee, JJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin Arizona, SCIMRB Res, Div Hematol Oncol, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. EM jjlee@mayo.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K26 RR 019709, K26 RR019709]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL065228, HL 058723, HL 065228, HL 079304, HL 68171, R01 HL058723, R01 HL068171, R01 HL079304, R56 HL058723]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 35796, R01 AI035796, R29 AI035796]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 19318]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 34236, R37 GM034236] NR 29 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4371 EP 4376 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700185104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700025 PM 17360531 ER PT J AU Choi, H Antoniou, MG de la Cruz, AA Strathatos, E Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, Hyeok Antoniou, Maria G. de la Cruz, Armah A. Strathatos, Elias Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI "Photocatalytic TiO2 films and membranes for the development of efficient wastewater treatment and reuse systems" (vol 202, pg 199, 2007) SO DESALINATION LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Patras, Dept Engn Sci, GR-26500 Patras, Greece. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 207 IS 1-3 BP 395 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.005 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 159RX UT WOS:000245885100038 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Edney, EO AF Jaoui, Mohammed Lewandowski, Michael Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Offenberg, John H. Edney, Edward O. TI beta-caryophyllinic acid: An atmospheric tracer for beta-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SESQUITERPENE EMISSIONS; OZONE; PINE AB The chemical compositions of ambient PM2.5 samples, collected in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, and a sample of secondary organic aerosol, formed by irradiating a mixture of the sesquiterpene (SQT), beta-caryophyllene, and oxides of nitrogen in a smog chamber, were chemically analyzed using derivative-based GC-MS methods. The analyses showed the presence of an oxidized compound, tentatively identified as beta-caryophyllinic acid, in both the ambient PM2.5 field samples and in the smog chamber sample. The seasonal concentrations of beta-caryophyllinic acid in the ambient PM2.5 samples were 0.5, 0.9, 7.0, and 0.5 ng m(-3) during the winter, spring, summer and fall respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an oxidation product of a sesquiterpene, a hydrocarbon with high secondary organic aerosol yields and emitted from plants and trees in significant quantities, has been detected in ambient PM2.5 samples. C1 Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 14 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05816 DI 10.1029/2006GL028827 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 145XB UT WOS:000244898000005 ER PT J AU Visvanathan, K Crum, RM Strickland, PT You, XJ Ruczinski, I Berndt, SI Alberg, AJ Hoffman, SC Comstock, GW Bell, DA Helzlsouer, KJ AF Visvanathan, Kala Crum, Rosa M. Strickland, Paul T. You, Xiaojun Ruczinski, Ingo Berndt, Sonja I. Alberg, Anthony J. Hoffman, Sandra C. Comstock, George W. Bell, Douglas A. Helzlsouer, Kathy J. TI Alcohol dehydrogenase genetic polymorphisms, low-to-moderate alcohol consumption, and risk of breast cancer SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alcohol dehydrogenase; genotypes; breast cancer ID HUMAN-LIVER ALCOHOL; AGE 50 YEARS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE-3 GENOTYPE; HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; POOLED ANALYSIS; ADH3 GENOTYPE; LINKAGE PHASE; NECK-CANCER AB Background: In vitro, human isoenzymes encoded by genes homozygous for the ADH1C(*)1 or ADH1B(*)2 alleles metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde at a faster rate than those homozygous for the ADH1C(*)2 or ADH1B(*)1 allele. Because alcohol is a known risk factor for breast cancer, we evaluated the joint association of genetic variants in ADH and alcohol consumption in relation to breast cancer. Methods: A nested case-control study of 321 cases and matched controls was conducted. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADH1C and ADH1B genes were genotyped. Logistic regression was used to assess odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence limits (CIs) for each SNP. Haplotype analysis of all 5 SNPs was also undertaken. Results: Among drinkers, the median intake of total alcohol was 13 g/wk (10th-90th percentiles; 4.5-135.9) in cases and 18 g/wk (10th-90th percentiles; 4.5-104.1) in controls. Women who drank alcohol tended to be at an increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with those who did not drink (OR=1.40%, 95% CI 0.97-2.03), particularly those who were premenopausal at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (OR=2.69%, 95% CI: 1.00-7.26). Of the known functional alleles, breast cancer risk was not significantly increased among carriers of at least 1 ADH1C(*)1 or ADH1B(*)2 allele, when compared with those homozygous for the genotype at each locus. However, breast cancer risk tended to be lower among women who inherited the G allele at ADH1B IVS1+896A > G (OR=0.62, 95% CI 0.37-1.04). Overall haplotype frequencies were not significantly different between cases and controls. Conclusions: In this study low levels of alcohol are associated with a modest increase in breast cancer risk that is not altered by known functional allelic variants of the ADH1B and 1C gene. The protective association conferred by the G allele at ADH1B IVS1+896A > G needs further evaluation. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Visvanathan, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kvisvana@jhsph.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES046008-17]; NCI NIH HHS [CA111948, P50 CA88843, 5U0A1CA/ES62988]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES060520] NR 60 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00334.x PG 10 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 134QE UT WOS:000244097900014 PM 17295732 ER PT J AU Nepomnaschy, P Weinberg, CR Wilcox, A Baird, D AF Nepomnaschy, P. Weinberg, C. R. Wilcox, A. Baird, D. TI Urinary hCG patterns during the first week after the initiation of implantation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 270 EP 271 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 141AB UT WOS:000244547100064 ER PT J AU Bolger, MS Ross, DS Jiang, HX Frank, MM Ghio, AJ Schwartz, DA Wright, JR AF Bolger, Molly S. Ross, DeAndre S. Jiang, Haixiang Frank, Michael M. Ghio, Andrew J. Schwartz, David A. Wright, Jo Rae TI Complement levels and activity in the normal and LPS-injured lung SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; bronchoalveolar lavage; lipopolysaccharide; C3b deposition; complement expression ID SURFACTANT PROTEIN-A; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FACTOR-B GENE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TNF-ALPHA; HOST-DEFENSE; IFN-GAMMA; CELL LINE; FACTOR-H AB Complement, a complex protein system, plays an essential role in host defense through bacterial lysis, stimulation of phagocytosis, recruitment of immune cells to infected tissue, and promotion of the inflammatory response. Although complement is most well-characterized in serum, complement activity is also present in the lung. Here we further characterize the complement system in the normal and inflamed lung. By Western blot, C5, C6, and factor I were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at lower levels than in serum, whereas C2 was detected at similar levels in BAL and serum. C4 binding protein (C4BP) was not detectable in BAL. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elevated levels of C1q, factor B, C2, C4, C5, C6, and C3 in human BAL and C3, C5, and factor B in mouse and rat BAL. Message for C1q-B, C1r, C1s, C2, C4, C3, C5, C6, factor B, and factor H, but not C9 or C4BP, was readily detectable by RT-PCR in normal mouse lung. Exposure to LPS enhanced factor B expression, decreased C5 expression, and did not affect C1q-B expression in mouse and rat lung. BAL from rats exposed to LPS had a greater ability to deposit C3b onto bacteria through complement activation than did BAL from control rats. In summary, these data demonstrate that complement levels, expression, and function are altered in acute lung injury and suggest that complement within the lung is regulated to promote opsonization of pathogens and limit potentially harmful inflammation. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Environm Protect Agcy, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci & Natl Toxicol Progra, Durham, NC USA. RP Wright, JR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM j.wright@cellbio.duke.edu NR 58 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 292 IS 3 BP L748 EP L759 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00127.2006 PG 12 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 143LD UT WOS:000244722200018 PM 17071722 ER PT J AU Donohue, MJ Best, JM Smallwood, AW Kostich, M Rodgers, M Shoemaker, JA AF Donohue, Maura J. Best, Jennifer M. Smallwood, Anthony W. Kostich, Mitchell Rodgers, Mark Shoemaker, Jody A. TI Differentiation of Aeromonas isolated from drinking water distribution systems using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; GENUS AEROMONAS; WHOLE CELLS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; INTACT MICROORGANISMS AB The genus Aeromonas is one of several medically significant genera that have gained prominence due to their evolving taxonomy and controversial role in human diseases. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was used to analyze the whole cells of both reference strains and unknown Aeromonas isolates obtained from water distribution systems. A library of over 45 unique m/z signatures was created from 40 strains that are representative of the 17 recognized species of Aeromonas, as well as 3 reference strains from genus Vibrio and 2 reference strains from Plesiomonas shigelloides. The library was used to help speciate 52 isolates of Aeromonas. The environmental isolates were broken up into 2 blind studies. Group 1 contained isolates that had a recognizable phenotypic profile and group 2 contained isolates that had an atypical phenotypic profile. MALDI-MS analysis of the water isolates in group 1 matched the phenotypic identification in all cases. In group 2, the MALDI-MS-based determination confirmed the identity of 18 of the 27 isolates. These results demonstrate that MALDI-MS analysis can rapidly and accurately classify species of the genus Aeromonas, making it a powerful tool especially suited for environmental monitoring and detection of microbial hazards in drinking water. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Donohue, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 27 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Donohue.maura@epa.gov NR 80 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1939 EP 1946 DI 10.1021/ac0611420 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ID UT WOS:000244497300019 PM 17269751 ER PT J AU Nguyen, RHN Wilcox, AJ Baird, DD AF Nguyen, Ruby H. N. Wilcox, Allen J. Baird, Donna D. TI Can men provide accurate confounder data about their partners for time-to-pregnancy studies? SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE men; confounding factors; reproducibility of results; self-disclosure; fertility ID SURROGATE INFORMATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FERTILITY; RELIABILITY; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; PESTICIDES; WORKERS AB PURPOSE: In studies of time to pregnancy (TTP), women's health-related behaviors may confound other determinants of TTP. In many occupation-based TTP studies, all information is collected through the male partner. There are no data on the validity of the man's report of his partner's fertility-related behavior. METHODS: We studied 202 men and their partners from the most recent pregnancy. Validity of men's reporting on their partner's use of oral contraceptives (OCS) as the last birth control method and her smoking around the beginning of TTP and agreement of coital frequency were assessed. RESULTS: The index pregnancy was an average of 6 years before interview. Overall percentage of agreement was 81% for OCs as the last contraceptive method (kappa agreement = 0.44). Ninety-five percent of men accurately reported whether their partner smoked (kappa agreement = 0.83). Among couples agreeing on smoking status, 90% agreed on the categorical cigarette number (weighted kappa = 0.60). Reporting accuracy was not influenced by men's characteristics. Median coital frequency was eight times per month, with a weighted kappa = 0.34 after categorization. CONCLUSIONS: Our data generally justify the use of men's reports of potential confounders in TTP studies when women's reports are not available. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nguyen, RHN (reprint author), 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA. EM nguyen5@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.007 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 144SW UT WOS:000244817600004 PM 17161955 ER PT J AU Hebert, AB Morse, JW Eldridge, PM AF Hebert, Andrew B. Morse, John W. Eldridge, Peter M. TI Small-scale heterogeneity in the geochemistry of seagrass vegetated and non-vegetated estuarine sediments: causes and consequences SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE seagrass; sulfide; light; heterogeneity; nutrients; carbon; voltammetry ID ZOSTERA-MARINA BED; SULFATE REDUCTION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SULFIDE; EELGRASS; LIGHT; DENSITY; SULFUR; GROWTH; IRON AB In addition to nutrient and light availability, sedimentary biogeochemical processes can play an essential role in seagrass productivity. Previous investigations of the interactions between seagrasses and their underlying sediments have failed to clearly identify the spatio-temporal variability of the major geochemical parameters involved. Dissolved and solid phase chemical parameters in eelgrass vegetated and nearby non-vegetated sediments were investigated in this study to determine their vertical, lateral, and temporal distributions. Solid-state microelectrodes were used to investigate dissolved O-2, Sigma H2S, Fe2+, and Mn2+ on mm space scales. In this study, spatial heterogeneity was assessed and diurnal "ventilation" by seagrass productivity (i.e., the translocation of photosynthetically produced oxygen to the anoxic sedimentary environment) was not observed probably because benthic infaunal activity (bioturabation and bioirrigation) and microzones established by microbial processes led to highly heterogeneous sediment geochemistry where temporal variability was obscured by small-scale spatial variability. Non-vegetated sediments were less geochemically variable laterally than vegetated sediments, however, in some cases, they had similar vertical variability, possibly because they had been vegetated at an earlier time. This study demonstrates that in vegetated sediments where there is also substantial benthic macrofaunal activity it is difficult to separate the impacts of the two types of biota on sediment geochemistry and their spatial patterns, and it also raises the question of the applicability of traditional one-dimensional diagenetic models for such spatially-temporally complex sediments. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hebert, AB (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd MSB 505, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ahebert@hawaii.edu; morse@astra.tamu.edu; eldridge.pete@epamail.epa.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s10498-006-9007-3 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142XE UT WOS:000244683800002 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Crenshaw, HC AF Bowker, George E. Crenshaw, Hugh C. TI Electrostatic forces in wind-pollination - Part 1: Measurement of the electrostatic charge on pollen SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE electrostatic field; fair-weather electricity; pollen; wind pollination ID DENSITY AB Under fair weather conditions, a weak electric field exists between negative charge induced on the surface of plants and positive charge in the air. This field is magnified around points (e.g. stigmas) and can reach values up to 3 x 10(6) V m(-1). If wind-dispersed pollen grains are electrically charged, the electrostatic force (which is the product of the pollen's charge and the electric field at the pollen's location) could influence pollen capture. In this article, we report measurements of the electrostatic charge carried by wind-dispersed pollen grains. Pollen charge was measured using an adaptation of the Millikan oil-drop experiment for seven anemophilous plants: Acer rubrum, Cedrus atlantica, Cedrus deodara, Juniperus virginiana, Pinus taeda, Plantago lanceolata and Ulmus alata. All species had charged pollen, some were positive others negative. The distributions (number of pollen grains as a function of charge) were bipolar and roughly centered about zero although some distributions were skewed towards positive charges, Most pollen carried small amounts of charge, 0.8 fC in magnitude, on average. A few carried charges up to 40 fC. For Juniperus, pollen charges were also measured in nature and these results concurred with those found in the laboratory. For nearly all charged pollen grains, the likelihood that electrostatics influence pollen capture is evident. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Technol Dev Dept, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bowker, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowker.george@epa.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1587 EP 1595 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.047 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141ZZ UT WOS:000244619300002 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Crenshaw, HC AF Bowker, George E. Crenshaw, Hugh C. TI Electrostatic forces in wind-pollination - Part 2: Simulations of pollen capture SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric electricity; electrostatic charged; electrostatic field; particle capture; wind pollination ID MECHANISMS; FLOWERS AB During fair-weather conditions, a 100 V m(-1) electric field exists between positive charge suspended in the air and negative charge distributed on the surfaces of plants and on the ground. The fields surrounding plants are highly complex reaching magnitudes up to 3 x 10(6) V m(-1). These fields possibly influence the capture of charged wind-dispersed pollen grains. In this article, we model the electric fields around grounded conductive spherical "plants" and then estimate the forces and resulting trajectories of charged pollen grains approaching the plants. Pollen grain capture depends on many factors: the size, density, and charge of the pollen; the size and location of the plant reproductive structures; as well as wind speed, ambient electric field magnitude, and air viscosity. Electrostatic forces become increasingly important as pollen grain charge increases and pollen grain size (mass) decreases. A positively charged pollen grain is attracted to plants, while a negatively charged pollen grain is repelled. The model suggests that a pollen grain (10 pm radius, carrying a positive charge of 1 fC) is captured if passing within 2 mm of the plant. A similar negatively charged pollen grain is repelled and frequently uncapturable. The importance of electrostatic forces in pollen capture is limited by wind, becoming virtually irrelevant at high wind speeds (e.g. 10 m s(-1)). However, during light wind conditions (e.g. I in s-1), atmospheric electricity may be a significant factor in the capture of wind-dispersed pollen. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Technol Dev Dept, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bowker, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowker.george@epa.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1596 EP 1603 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.048 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141ZZ UT WOS:000244619300003 ER PT J AU Ianniello, A Beine, HJ Landis, MS Stevens, RK Esposito, G Arnoroso, A Allegrini, I AF Ianniello, Antonietta Beine, Harry J. Landis, Matthew S. Stevens, Robert K. Esposito, Giulio Arnoroso, Antonio Allegrini, Ivo TI Comparing field performances of denuder techniques in the high Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; atmospheric chemistry; annular denuder; multi-channel denuder ID ATMOSPHERIC NITRIC-ACID; FILTER PACK; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; NITROUS-ACID; PARTICULATE MATTER; TAMPA-BAY; DIFFUSION-DENUDER; ANNULAR DENUDERS; DRY DEPOSITION; SNOW SURFACES AB A field evaluation between two annular denuder configurations was conducted during the spring of 2003 in the marine Arctic at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. The IIA annular denuder system (ADS) employed a series of five single-channel annular denuders, a cyclone and a filter pack to discriminate between gas and aerosol species, while the EPA-Versatile Air Pollution Sampler (VAPS) configuration used a single multi-channel annular denuder to protect the integrity of PM2.5 sample filters by collecting acidic gases. We compared the concentrations of gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) nitrous acid (HONO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) measured by the two systems. Results for HNO3 and SO2 suggested losses of gas phase species within the EPA-VAPS inlet surfaces due to low temperatures, high relative humidities, and coarse particle sea-salt deposition to the VAPS inlet during sampling. The difference in HNO3 concentrations (55%) between the two data sets might also be due to the reaction between HNO3 and NaCl on inlet surfaces within the EPA-VAPS system. Furthermore, we detected the release of HCl from marine aerosol particles in the EPA-VAPS inlet during sampling contributing to higher observed concentrations. Based on this work we present recommendations on the application of denuder sampling techniques for low-concentration gaseous species in Arctic and remote marine locations to minimize sampling biases. We suggest an annular denuder technique without a large surface area inlet device in order to minimize retention and/or production of gaseous atmospheric pollutants during sampling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, IIA, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ianniello, A (reprint author), CNR, IIA, Via Salaria Km 29-3, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. EM ianniello@iia.cnr.it RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; ianniello, antonietta/B-5344-2015 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; ianniello, antonietta/0000-0003-2843-7135 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1604 EP 1615 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.040 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141ZZ UT WOS:000244619300004 ER PT J AU Garner, CE Sloan, C Sumner, SCJ Burgess, J Davis, J Etheridge, A Parham, A Ghanayem, BI AF Garner, C. Edwin Sloan, C. Sumner, S. C. J. Burgess, J. Davis, J. Etheridge, A. Parham, A. Ghanayem, B. I. TI CYP2E1-catalyzed oxidation contributes to the sperm toxicity of 1-bromopropane in mice SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE epididymis; male reproductive tract; sperm; sperm motility and transport; toxicology ID BOAR SPERMATOZOA; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; IN-VITRO; RAT; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; MOTILITY; LIVER; DEHYDROGENASE AB 1-Bromopropane (1-BrP) induces dose- and time-dependent reproductive organ toxicity and reduced sperm motility in rodents. The contribution of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) to both 1-BrP metabolism and the induction of male reproductive toxicity was investigated using wild-type (WT) and Cyp2e1(-/-)mice. In gas uptake inhalation studies, the elimination half-life of [1,2,3-C-13]-1-BrP was longer in Cyp2e1(-/-) mice relative to WT (3.2 vs. 1.3 h). Urinary metabolites were identified by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The mercapturic acid of 1-bromo2-hydroxypropane (2OHBrP) was the major urinary metabolite in WT mice, and products of conjugation of 1-BrP with glutathione (GSH) were insignificant. The ratio of GSH conjugation to 2-hydroxylation increased 5-fold in Cyp2e1(-/-) mice relative to WT. After 1-BrP exposure, hepatic GSH was decreased by 76% in WT mice vs. 47% in Cyp2e1(-/-) mice. Despite a 170% increase in 1-BrP exposure in Cyp2e1(-/-) vs. WT mice, sperm motility in exposed Cyp2e1(-/-) mice did not change relative to unexposed matched controls. This suggests that metabolites produced through CYP2E1-mediated oxidation may be responsible for 1-BrP-induced sperm toxicity. Both 1-BrP and 2OHBrP inhibited the motility of sperm obtained from WT mice in vitro. However, only 2OHBrP reduced the motility of sperm obtained from Cyp2e1(-/-) mice in vitro, suggesting that conversion of parent compound to 2OHBrP within the spermatozoa may contribute, at least in part, to reduced motility. Overall, these data suggest that metabolism of 1-BrP is mediated in part by CYP2E1, and activation of 1BrP via this enzyme may contribute to the male reproductive toxicity of this chemical. C1 RTI Int, Dept Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Garner, CE (reprint author), RTI Int, Dept Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cegarner@rti.org FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 496 EP 505 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.106.055004 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 139OD UT WOS:000244440600018 PM 17093198 ER PT J AU Sharp, JS Tomer, KB AF Sharp, Joshua S. Tomer, Kenneth B. TI Analysis of the oxidative damage-induced conformational changes of apo- and holocalmodulin by dose-dependent protein oxidative surface mapping SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; SEQUENCE-INDEPENDENT RECOGNITION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROXYL RADICAL PROBE; AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; OXIDIZED CALMODULIN; RADIOLYTIC MODIFICATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; METHIONINE OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB Calmodulin (CaM) is known to undergo conformational and functional changes on oxidation, allowing CaM to function as an oxidative stress sensor. We report the use of a novel mass spectrometry-based methodology to monitor the structure of apo- and holo-CaM as it undergoes conformational changes as a result of increasing amounts of oxidative damage. The kinetics of oxidation for eight peptides are followed by mass spectrometry, and 12 sites of oxidation are determined by MS/MS. Changes in the pseudo-first-order rate constant of oxidation for a peptide after increasing radiation exposure reveal changes in the accessibility of the peptide to the diffusing hydroxyl radical, indicating conformational changes as a function of increased oxidative damage. For holo-CaM, most sites rapidly become less exposed to hydroxyl radicals as the protein accumulates oxidative damage, indicating a closing of the hydrophobic pockets in the N- and C-terminal lobes. For apo-CaM, many of the sites rapidly become more exposed until they resemble the solvent accessibility of holo-CaM in the native structure and then rapidly become more buried, mimicking the conformational changes of holo-CaM. At the most heavily damaged points measured, the rates of oxidation for both apo- and holo-CaM are essentially identical, suggesting the two assume similar structures. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sharp, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 58 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1692 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.099093 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 138PD UT WOS:000244373800023 PM 17158574 ER PT J AU Chun, KS Akunda, JK Langenbach, R AF Chun, Kyung-Soo Akunda, Jacqueline K. Langenbach, Robert TI Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis in mouse skin by activating the prostaglandin E-2 receptors, EP2 and EP4 SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLON-CANCER CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; PROTEIN-KINASE; PROSTANOID RECEPTORS; P53; EXPRESSION; COX-2; MECHANISM; RADIATION; SURVIVAL AB Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by UVB light and reduces UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis; however, the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, wild-type (WT) and COX-2-/- mice were acutely treated with UVB (5 kj/m(2)), and apoptotic signaling pathways were compared. Following exposure, apoptosis was 2.5-fold higher in COX-2-/- compared with WT mice. Because prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) is the major UV-induced prostaglandin and manifests its activity via four receptors, EP1 to EP4, possible differences in EP signaling were investigated in WT and COX-2-/- mice. Following LTVB exposure, protein levels of EP1, EP2, and EP4 were elevated in WT mice, but EP2 and EP4 levels were 50% lower in COX2-/- mice. Activated cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Akt are downstream in EP2 and EP4 signaling, and their levels were reduced in UVB-exposed COX-2-/- mice. Furthermore, p-Bad (Ser(136) and Ser(155)), antiapoptotic products of activated Akt and PKA, respectively, were significantly reduced in UVB-exposed COX-2-/- mice. To further study the roles of EP2 and EP4, UVB-exposed CD-1 mice were topically treated with indomethacin to block endogenous PGE2 production, and PGE(2) the EP2 agonist (butaprost) or EP4 agonist (PGE, alcohol), was applied. Indomethacin reduced PKA and Akt activation by similar to 60%, but PGE(2) and the agonists restored their activities. Furthermore, both agonists decreased apoptosis in COX-2-/- mice by 50%. The data suggest that COX-2-generated PGE(2) has antiapoptotic roles in UVB-exposed mouse skin that involves EP2- and EP4-mediated signaling. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Langenbach, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, NIH, MD C4-09,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM langenb1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES021229-08] NR 42 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 5 BP 2015 EP 2021 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3617 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 143QQ UT WOS:000244738100019 PM 17332329 ER PT J AU Kim, YM Cao, DS Reed, W Wu, WD Jaspers, I Tal, T Bromberg, PA Samet, JM AF Kim, Yu-Mee Cao, Dongsun Reed, William Wu, Weidong Jaspers, Ilona Tal, Tamara Bromberg, Philip A. Samet, James M. TI Zn2+-induced NF-kappa B-dependent transcriptional activity involves site-specific p65/RelA phosphorylation SO CELLULAR SIGNALLING LA English DT Article DE zinc; NF-kappa B; airway epithelium; IKK; p65/RelA ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; RELA PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANGIOTENSIN-II; IKK-BETA; INDEPENDENT MECHANISM AB Zinc is an essential micronutrient, but is proinflammatory when inhaled into the lung. While it is recognized that zinc exposure of airway epithelial cells activates the transcription factor NF-kappa B and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines to mediate this response, the underlying mechanism of NF-kappa B activation remains to be characterized. In this study, we investigated these Zn2+-induced signaling mechanisms in the BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cell line. Fifty micromolars Zn2+ induced NF-kappa B-dependent transcriptional activity. However, this occurred independently of I kappa B alpha degradation, an essential event in activation of the canonical NF-kappa B pathway, which is induced by physiological stimuli such as TNF alpha and IL-1 beta. We also observed that 50 mu M Zn2+ exposure caused p65/RelA phosphorylation on Ser 276, Ser 529, and Ser 536 in both cytoplasmic and nuclear cell fractions. Mutational analysis pointed to Ser 536 of p65/RelA as the determinant of Zn2+-induced NF-kappa B transactivation in BEAS-2B cells. Pharmacological inhibition of IKK alpha/beta activity reduced both Zn2+-induced p65/RelA phosphorylation at Ser 536 and NF-kappa B-dependent transcriptional activity, suggesting that IKK alpha/beta is necessary for these Zn2+-induced effects. Taken together, these data show that exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of Zn2+ induces NF-kappa B-dependent transcription through an alternate mechanism, suggesting a novel pathway for cellular responses to environmental stress. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM Samet.James@epa.gov NR 69 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0898-6568 J9 CELL SIGNAL JI Cell. Signal. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 538 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.08.003 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 136RW UT WOS:000244242800012 PM 17008051 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, Satinder K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of hydrolyzed sludge - Rheology and formulation studies SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; biopesticide; hydrolyzed sludge; liquid formulation; rheology; shelf-life ID WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; RAW-MATERIAL; BIOPESTICIDES AB Rheology of Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of hydrolyzed sludge was investigated in bench scale fermenter. Stable liquid formulations were developed and optimized for two-year based studies comprising various physical/chemical (viscosity, particle size, corrosion and suspendibility) and biological (microbial contamination, viable spores and entomotoxicity) parameters at different pHs and temperatures. The hydrolyzed sludge depicted non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviour during fermentation with 90% to 96% confidence of fits into Casson, Power and IPC paste models. Higher values of consistency and flow index during exponential growth and stationary phase, respectively, affected downstream processing. The power law was also followed by stable formulations. Sorbitol, sodium monophosphate and sodium metabisulfite (2.2:1:1) as suspending agents produced suspendibility ranging from 69% to 94%. The stable formulation (FH-4) comprising sorbitol, sodium monophosphate and sodium metabisulfite deteriorated at pHs 6, 6.5 and temperatures, 40 and 50 degrees C, with no signs of corrosion and microbial contamination. The viscosity of FH-4 formulations decreased with shear rate which could improve handling and consequent spraying. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, ETE, INRS, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, ETE, INRS, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154TR UT WOS:000245531200006 PM 17184817 ER PT J AU Hogan, SL Cooper, GS Savitz, DA Nylander-French, LA Parks, CG Chin, HS Jennette, CE Lionaki, S Jennette, JC Falk, RJ AF Hogan, Susan L. Cooper, Glinda S. Savitz, David A. Nylander-French, Leena A. Parks, Christine G. Chin, Hyunsook Jennette, Caroline E. Lionaki, Sofia Jennette, J. Charles Falk, Ronald J. TI Association of silica exposure with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody small-vessel vasculitis: A population-based, case-control study SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRABLE CRYSTALLINE SILICA; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; COAL-WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS; WEGENERS-GRANULOMATOSIS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; POTENTIAL ROLE AB Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are associated with a category of small-vessel vasculitis (SVV) with frequent glomerulonephritis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of lifetime silica exposure with development of ANCA-SVV, with particular attention to exposure dosage, intensity, and time since last exposure. A southeastern United States, population-based, case-control study was conducted. Case patients had ANCA-SVV with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Population-based control subjects were frequency-matched to case patients by age, gender, and state. Jobs were assessed in a telephone interview. Silica exposure scores incorporated exposure duration, intensity, and probability for each job and then were categorized as none, low/medium, or high lifetime exposure. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Silica exposure was found in 78 (60%) of 129 case patients and in 49 (45%) of 109 control subjects. There was no increased risk for disease from low/medium exposure relative to no exposure (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.2) but increased risk with high exposure (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.5; P = 0.05). Crop harvesting was associated with elevated risk (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.4; P = 0.03). However, both agricultural and traditional occupational sources contributed to the cumulative silica exposure scores; therefore, the overall effect could not be attributed to agricultural exposures alone. There was no evidence of decreasing by duration of time since last exposure. High lifetime silica exposure was associated with ANCA-SVV. Exposure to silica from specific farming tasks related to harvesting may be of particular importance in the southeastern United States. Interval of time since last exposure did not influence development of ANCA-SVV. C1 Univ N Carolina, UNC Kidney Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Nephrol & Hypertens, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. Laikon Gen Hosp, Nephrol & Transplantat Dept, Athens, Greece. RP Hogan, SL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, UNC Kidney Ctr, CB 7155,7009 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM slh@med.unc.edu OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01 DK058335, P01-DK58335] NR 58 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1555-905X J9 CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO JI Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 290 EP 299 DI 10.2215/CJN.03501006 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 146MN UT WOS:000244938600024 PM 17699427 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Miracle, AL Jensen, KM Degitz, SJ Kahl, MD Korte, JJ Greene, KJ Blake, LS Linnum, AL Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Miracle, Ann L. Jensen, Kathleen M. Degitz, Sigmund J. Kahl, Michael D. Korte, Joseph J. Greene, Katie J. Blake, Lindsey S. Linnum, Ann L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) gonadotropin beta subunit mRNAs to support endocrine disruptor research SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Luteinizing hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone; ketoconazole; reproduction; spawning; gonad development; cDNA sequence ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH GONADOTROPINS; GTH-II; KETOCONAZOLE; PITUITARY; CLONING; STEROIDOGENESIS AB Fathead minnows (Piniephales prontelas) are a widely-used small fish model for regulatory ecotoxicology testing and research related to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Quantitative real-time PCR assays for measuring fathead minnow gonadotropin (GtH) subunit transcripts were developed and "baseline" transcript levels in pituitary tissue were examined over a range of age classes and spawning states. Among females, GtH beta transcripts did not vary significantly with gonadal-somatic index or gonad stage. However, in males, follicle-stimulating hormone 13 subunit transcripts decreased significantly with increasing gonad stage, while mean luteinizing hormone subunit expression trended in the opposite direction. GtH beta transcript levels measured in pituitaries from fish that had spawned within the preceding 24 h were not significantly different from those from fish that were 2-3 days post-spawn. Exposure to the fungicide ketoconazole, a known steroidogenesis inhibitor, for 21 days significantly affected the abundance of CiH beta transcripts in pituitary tissue in males, but not females. This study provides critical data needed to design and interpret effective experiments for studying direct and indirect effects of EDCs on GtH subunit mRNA expression. Results of such experiments should facilitate a greater understanding of integrated system-wide responses of the fathead minnow brain-pituitary-gonadal axis to stressors including EDCs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55803 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MidContinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55803 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 145 IS 2 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.11.003 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 154IB UT WOS:000245499100002 PM 17236816 ER PT J AU Lye, DJ Rodgers, MR Stelma, G Vesper, SJ Hayes, SL AF Lye, Dennis J. Rodgers, Mark R. Stelma, Gerard Vesper, Stephen J. Hayes, Samuel L. TI Characterization of Aeromonas virulence using an immunocompromised mouse model SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; HYDROPHILA; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROTOXINS; INFECTIONS; BACTERIA; MICE AB An immunocompromised mouse model was used to characterize Aeromonas strains for their ability to cause opportunistic, extraintestinal infections. A total of 34 isolates of Aeromonas (A. hydrophila [n = 12]), A. veronii biotype sobria [n = 7], A. caviae [n = 4], A. enchelia [n = 4], A. allosaccharophila [n = 2], A. salmonicida (n = 4), and A. bestiarum [n = 1]) were introduced by intraperitoneal injection into immunocompetent or chemically compromised (using cyclophosphamide) mice. The ability of each isolate to persist in the liver and spleen tissue was monitored at 24 hours after exposure. A majority of A. hydrophila and A veronii v. sobria strains, but none of the isolates of other Aeromonas species, were capable of persistent colonization (< 300 cells/mg spleen and liver tissue at 24 hours). The presence or absence of several putative virulence factors (cytotoxicity to HEp-2, lipase activity, elastase activity, and hemolysis) were determined for each isolate using in vitro tests. There were no correlations between the presence or absence of biochemical test results for putative virulence factors and persistence of the isolate in spleen and liver tissue at 24 hours. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lye, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lye.dennis@epa.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0381-2 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137PI UT WOS:000244304100006 PM 17277907 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM Rigby, P Clements, I Salmon, W Chua, M AF Zucker, Robert M. Rigby, Paul Clements, Ian Salmon, Wendy Chua, Michael TI Reliability of confocal microscopy spectral imaging systems: Use of multispectral beads SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE confocal microscope; lasers; molecular probes; quantification spectroscopy; wavelength calibration; spectral calibration and imaging; spectroscopy; Zeiss; Leica; PARISS; validation; FocalCheck (TM) beads; quality assurance; PMT; europium ID SLIDE-BASED SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; LIVING CELLS; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; FLUOROMETRY; MORPHOLOGY AB Background: There is a need for a standardized, impartial calibration, and validation protocol on confocal spectral imaging (CSI) microscope systems. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to have testing tools to provide a reproducible way to evaluate instrument performance. Methods: We evaluated fluorescent spectral beads (Focal-Check (TM)) from Molecular Probes/Invitrogen that consist of four pairs with emissions between 500 and 725 rim and a europium macrocycle quantum dye bead. These bead tools compliment our previously published protocol for testing spectral imaging systems that used an inexpensive multi-ion discharge lamp (MIDL) that contains Hg+, Ar+, and inorganic fluorophores that emits distinct, stable spectral features. Results: We acquired the spectra of the FocalCheck (TM) beads on a Zeiss 510 Meta, a Leica TCS-SP1, a Leica SP2 AOBS, an Olympus FV 1000, and a Nikon C1Si confocal systems and a PARISS microscopic spectral system and of the europium beads on the Leica TCS-SP1 and PARISS spectral imaging systems. A lack of performance with some equipment between 650 and 750 nm was identified using the far red pair of the FocalCheck (TM) beads. The position of the slider in front of PMT 2 that reflects tight into PMT I and PMT 3 affected the measurement of all bead intensities. Unmixing algorithms were used to separate beads with different fluorochromes and separate two fluorochromes on the same bead. Conclusions: The FocalCheck (TM) multi-spectral beads yielded similar profiles on four CSI systems and a PARISS spectral system. The utilization of the spectral FocalCheck (TM) beads is helpful to evaluate proper spectral performance, especially in the far red region. Europium beads provide a very narrow spectrum that can help to identify machines that have spectral problems. The dyes located on individual beads or mixed together in ring-core configuration can be used as test particles to demonstrate spectral unmixing with various algorithms. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc dagger. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Western Australia, Biomed Imaging & Anal Facil M510, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Invitrogen Corp, Mol Probes Labeling & Detect Technol, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. Univ N Carolina, Michael Hooker Microscopy Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@.epa.gov RI Rigby, Paul/G-5248-2012 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 71A IS 3 BP 174 EP 189 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20371 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 140MD UT WOS:000244508500007 PM 17266146 ER PT J AU Saldana, TM Basso, O Hoppin, JA Baird, DD Knott, C Blair, A Alavanja, MCR Sandler, DP AF Saldana, Tina M. Basso, Olga Hoppin, Jane A. Baird, Donna D. Knott, Charles Blair, Aaron Alavanja, Michael C. R. Sandler, Dale P. TI Pesticide exposure and self-reported gestational diabetes mellitus in the agricultural health study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; SERUM DIOXIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; APPLICATORS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; MALATHION; VETERANS; PATTERNS AB OBJECTIVE - To examine the association between pesticide use during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among wives of licensed pesticide applicators. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using data from the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), we estimated the association between self-reported pesticide-related activities during the first trimester of the most recent pregnancy and GDM among 11,273 women whose pregnancy occurred within 25 years of enrollment. RESULTS - A total of 506 (4.5%) women reported having had GDM. Women who reported agricultural pesticide exposure (mixing or applying pesticides to crops or repairing pesticide application equipment) during pregnancy were more likely to report GDM (odds ratio [OR] 2.2 [95% CI 1.5-3.3]). We saw no association between residential pesticide exposure (applying pesticides in the home and garden during pregnancy) and GDM (1.0 [0.8-1.3]). Among women who reported agricultural exposure during pregnancy, risk of GDM was associated with ever-use of four herbicides (2,4,5-T 2,4,5-TP; atrazine or butylate) and three insecticides (diazinon, phorate, or carbofuran). CONCLUSIONS - These findings suggest that activities involving exposure to agricultural pesticides during the first trimester of pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM saldana@niehs.nih.gov RI Basso, Olga/E-5384-2010; Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017; OI Basso, Olga/0000-0001-9298-4921; Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049030-11] NR 34 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.2337/dc06-1832 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 146NM UT WOS:000244941200012 PM 17327316 ER PT J AU Pongsiri, MJ Roman, J AF Pongsiri, Montira J. Roman, Joe TI Examining the links between Biodiversity and human health: An interdisciplinary research initiative at the US Environmental Protection Agency SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecology; infectious disease; emerging disease; interdisciplinary ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; LAND-USE; DIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; MALARIA; FUTURE; VECTOR; BIRDS; HOST AB Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's mission to protect human health and the environment, the agency seeks to conduct research on the structure and function of ecosystems and to improve our understanding of the processes that contribute to the sustained health of the nation's ecosystems and the well-being of human populations. Changes in biodiversity can profoundly impact the ability of ecosystems to provide clean water, energy, food, recreation, and other services that contribute to human well-being. In addition, changes in biodiversity can affect the transmission of infectious disease to humans, particularly vectorborne diseases such as malaria and Lyme disease. The Environmental Protection Agency's new initiative supports interdisciplinary research to characterize the mechanisms that link biodiversity and human health and to use this knowledge to develop integrative tools and approaches for quantifying and predicting these relationships. Research on these links can have an important impact on our view of biodiversity and how we manage resources to protect human and ecosystem health. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pongsiri, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8723F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pongsiri.montira@epa.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10393-007-0087-3 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162VB UT WOS:000246116500011 ER PT J AU Newbold, SC Iovanna, R AF Newbold, Stephen C. Iovanna, Rich TI Ecological effects of density-independent mortality: Application to cooling-water withdrawals SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benefit-cost analysis; bio-economic model; cooling-water withdrawals; density-independent mortality; impingement and entrainment; U. S. Clean Water Act Section 316(b) ID FOOD WEBS; SIZE; POPULATIONS; RESOURCES; ENTRAINMENT; COEXISTENCE; EXTINCTION; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; MODELS AB A wide variety of environmental stresses can cause density-independent mortality in species populations. One example is cooling-water withdrawals, which kill or injure many aquatic organisms near power plants and other industrial facilities. In the United States alone, hundreds of facilities withdraw trillions of gallons from inland and coastal waters every year to cool turbines and other manufacturing equipment. A number of detailed, site-specific studies of the effects of such cooling-water withdrawals have been conducted over the last 30 years, but only a few generalizations have been proposed in the peer- reviewed literature. In this paper we use a series of basic theoretical models to investigate the potential effects of density-independent mortality on species populations and ecosystems, with particular focus on the effects of cooling-water withdrawals on fish populations, fisheries, and aquatic communities. Among other results, we show that the effects of cooling-water withdrawals on a species will depend on the magnitude of other co-occurring stressors, environmental variability, the nature of the management regime in the associated fisheries, and the position of the species in the food web. The general models in this paper can provide a starting point for further empirical case studies and some preliminary conceptual guidance for decision makers who must choose between alternative policy options for controlling cooling- water withdrawals. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20046 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20046 USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20046 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 390 EP 406 DI 10.1890/06-0070 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200009 PM 17489247 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Vander Wal, RL AF Hays, Michael D. Vander Wal, Randy L. TI Heterogeneous soot nanostructure in atmospheric and combustion source aerosols SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GENERATED SOOT; EMISSIONS; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; FULLERENES; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; FLAMES; GROWTH AB In this work, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of microscopic soot emissions from wildfire and from a wide range of anthropogenic combustion sources (e.g., electrical utility and institutional oil boilers, jet aircraft, and heavy-duty diesel trucks) are presented. The soot nanostructures of individual particles in these emissions are predominantly heterogeneous, decidedly influenced by the fuel composition and by the particular combustion process the fuels undergo, and reveal the mechanisms underlying primary soot particle inception and growth. A lattice fringe analysis shows that differences among the soot nanostructures are measurable. To study whether these differences might identify the combustion source types contributing to ambient aerosols, we also examine the nanostructures of individual atmospheric particles collected at two spatially diverse United States locations (Duke Forest, North Carolina, and the Northern Front Range, Colorado). We find that the elemental carbon structure in airborne particles is mixed internally and externally and does, in fact, reflect contributions from different anthropogenic and biomass burning sources. An improved understanding of the soot nanoheterogeneity in airborne and combustion particles is likely to greatly influence PM2.5-related health and source apportionment research. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 801 EP 811 DI 10.1021/ef060442h PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 147YH UT WOS:000245041200055 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Mulvihill, JJ Wassom, JS Malling, HV Shelby, MD Lewis, SE Witt, KL Preston, RJ Perreault, SD Allen, JW DeMarini, DM Woychik, RP Bishop, JB AF Wyrobek, Andrew J. Mulvihill, John J. Wassom, John S. Malling, Heinrich V. Shelby, Michael D. Lewis, Susan E. Witt, Kristine L. Preston, R. Julian Perreault, Sally D. Allen, James W. DeMarini, David M. Woychik, Richard P. Bishop, Jack B. TI Assessing human germ-cell mutagenesis in the postgenome era: A celebration of the legacy of William Lawson (Bill) Russell SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE inherited disease; mutation detection; molecular genetic analysis; human genetic risk ID EPIGENETIC TRANSGENERATIONAL ACTIONS; MINISATELLITE MUTATION-RATE; CHILDHOOD-CANCER SURVIVORS; SIGNATURE SEQUENCING MPSS; INDUCED SPECIFIC-LOCUS; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; CHROMOSOMAL-ABNORMALITIES; ADOLESCENT CANCER; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION AB Birth defects, de novo genetic diseases, and chromosomal abnormality syndromes occur in similar to 5% of all live births, and affected children suffer from a broad range of lifelong health consequences. Despite the social and medical impact of these defects, and the 8 decades of research in animal systems that have identified numerous germ-cell mutagens, no human germ-cell mutagen has been confirmed to date. There is now a growing consensus that the inability to detect human germ-cell mutagens is due to technological limitations in the detection of random mutations rather than biological differences between animal and human susceptibility. A multidisciplinary workshop responding to this challenge convened at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the applicability of an emerging repertoire of genomic technologies to studies of human germ-cell mutagenesis. Workshop participants recommended large-scale human germ-cell mutation studies be conducted using samples from donors with high-dose exposures, such as cancer survivors. Within this high-risk cohort, parents and children could be evaluated for heritable changes in (a) DNA sequence and chromosomal structure, (b) repeat sequences and minisatellites, and (c) global gene expression profiles and pathways. Participants also advocated the establishment of a bio-bank of human tissue samples from donors with well-characterized exposure, including medical and reproductive histories. This mutational resource could support large-scale, multiple-endpoint studies. Additional studies could involve the examination of transgenerational effects associated with changes in imprinting and methylation patterns, nucleotide repeats, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. The further development of animal models and the integration of these with human studies are necessary to provide molecular insights into the mechanisms of germ-cell mutations and to identify prevention strategies. Furthermore, scientific specialty groups should be convened to review and prioritize the evidence for germ-cell mutagenicity from common environmental, occupational, medical, and lifestyle exposures. Workshop attendees agreed on the need for a full-scale assault to address key fundamental questions in human germ-cell environmental mutagenesis. These include, but are not limited to, the following: Do human germ-cell mutagens exist? What are the risks to future generations? Are some parents at higher risk than others for acquiring and transmitting germ-cell mutations? Obtaining answers to these, and other critical questions, will require strong support from relevant funding agencies, in addition to the engagement of scientists outside the fields of genomics and germ-cell mutagenesis. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. YAHSGS LLC, Richland, WA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Bishop, JB (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233,EC-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bishop@niehs.nih.gov OI Dubrova, Yuri/0000-0001-5281-7539; Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA104666, R01 CA104666-03]; NICHD NIH HHS [R13 HD040151, R01 HD040151, R13 HD048151, R13 HD048151-01] NR 105 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 71 EP 95 DI 10.1002/em.20284 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 142MF UT WOS:000244653300001 PM 17295306 ER PT J AU Machemer, S Wang, ZD AF Machemer, Steve Wang, Zhendi TI Environmental forensics at Pacifichem 2005 SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Environm Canada, Environm Technol Ctr, Emergencies Sci & Technol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Machemer, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Bldg 25,Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 76 DI 10.1080/15275920601180594 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000007 ER PT J AU Machemer, SD Hosick, TJ Ingamells, RL AF Machemer, Steven D. Hosick, Theresa J. Ingamells, Robin L. TI Source identification of lead contamination in residential and undisturbed soil adjacent to a battery manufacturing facility (Part I) SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Forensics Held at the International Pacifichem 2005 Conference CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE battery; contamination; exhaust; source identification; lead; Pb; soil; residential; roadside; undisturbed ID ATTIC DUST; TRACE-ELEMENTS; POLLUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SEDIMENTS; BROMINE; METALS; STREET; ZINC AB Bulk elemental soil concentrations and individual particle analysis were used to identify the presence and sources of anthropogenic lead (Pb) contamination in residential and undisturbed soil adjacent to an automobile battery manufacturer. Automobile exhaust was also an important suspected source of Pb contamination in the soil of the residential area, a trailer park next to a busy highway. Soil was analyzed from the trailer park, battery facility, adjacent undisturbed wooded areas, and a roadside 2.4 km from the site. Also analyzed were trailer park attic dust and process material, dust, and air filters from the battery facility. Elemental concentrations in bulk soil indicated Pb levels of up to 2,760 and 3,860 mg/kg were the result of anthropogenic contamination in the residential and undisturbed wooded areas, respectively. Abundant Pb-bearing particles in air filters and attic dust, decreasing Pb concentrations with soil depth, and Pb particle size data indicated most of the Pb contamination in the residential and undisturbed wooded areas had undergone airborne transport. Antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) in both bulk soil and individual Pb-bearing particles were key elements that linked Pb from the battery facility to Pb in the soil of the residential and undisturbed wooded areas. Finally, bulk elemental concentrations suggested automobile exhaust as the primary source of Pb contamination in the roadside soil. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Machemer, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Bldg 25,Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM machemer.steve@epa.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 95 DI 10.1080/15275920601180602 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000008 ER PT J AU Machemer, SD Hosick, TJ Ingamells, RL AF Machemer, Steven D. Hosick, Theresa J. Ingamells, Robin L. TI Source apportionment of lead contamination in residential, undisturbed, and roadside soil (part II) SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Forensics Held at the International Pacifichem 2005 Conference CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI DE battery; contamination; exhaust; lead; Pb; soil; source apportionment; residential; roadside; undisturbed ID BROMINE AB Lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) concentrations in bulk soils and results of individual particle analysis were used to obtain apportionment estimates of identifiable sources of anthropogenic Pb contamination in residential and undisturbed soils. Soil was analyzed from residential and undisturbed wooded areas, an adjacent automobile battery manufacturing facility, and a roadside 2.4 km from the site. Sb in bulk soil was used in apportionment estimates because Sb occurred with Pb originating from the battery facility. Average Pb concentrations in roadside soil were used to obtain estimates of maximum Pb portions attributable to automobile exhaust in residential and undisturbed soils. Data from Pb-Sb-Sn particles and Pb-oxide particles provided apportionment estimates of Pb contamination similar to that derived from bulk soil concentrations. Estimates indicated most (>80%) of the Pb contamination in residential and undisturbed wooded area soils originated from the neighboring battery facility. Less than a few percent of the Pb in the residential and undisturbed wooded area soils was naturally occurring. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Machemer, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Bldg 25,Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM machemer.steve@epa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1080/15275920601180628 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000009 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC AF Sidle, W. C. TI Diagnosis of trace Pb in domestic wells, Upper Gloucester catchment, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead isotope; drinking water; groundwater wells; geostatistics; catchment; Maine ID DRINKING-WATER; ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; LEAD; METAL AB Dissolved Pb in 32 wells associated with corroding submersible pumps is examined within a rural water district after almost 20 years (1984-2002). Groundwater Pb ranged from 0.4-24.9 mu g L-1 after 24 h pump flushing. Preliminary geochemistry and representative borehole lithology examinations were extrapolated by Markov chain modeling. The first-order geostatistical realizations of glacial sediments coupled with the Monte Carlo Metropolis-Hasting method suggest that elevated trace Pb persists in sand and gravel units, and continues at least to 40 m depth in the catchment. The (207) Pb/(206) Pb and (208) Pb/(206) Pb isotope compositions of groundwater Pb were decisive in discriminating the importance of leached Pb from submersible pump materials among geogenic sources. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s00254-006-0448-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 139ST UT WOS:000244453600006 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Wells, EM Holt, EW Burgin, DE Axelrad, DA AF Woodruff, Tracey J. Wells, Ellen M. Holt, Elizabeth W. Burgin, Deborah E. Axelrad, Daniel A. TI Estimating risk from ambient concentrations of acrolein across the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acrolein; dose response; hazardous air pollutants (HAPs); noncancer risk assessment; respiratory function ID HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; TOXICS CONCENTRATIONS; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; INHALED ACROLEIN; RATS; ASTHMA AB BACKGROUND: Estimated ambient concentrations of acrolein, a hazardous air pollutant, are greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference concentration throughout the United States, making it a concern for human health. However, there is no method for assessing the extent of risk under the U.S. EPA noncancer risk assessment framework. OBJECTIVES: We estimated excess risks from ambient concentrations of acrolein based on dose-response modeling of a study in rats with a relationship between acrolein and residual volume/total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) and specific compliance (sC(L)), markers for altered lung function. METHODS: Based on existing literature, we defined values above the 90th percentile for controls as "adverse." We estimated the increase over baseline response that would occur in the human population from estimated ambient concentrations of acrolein, taken from the U.S. EPA's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment for 1999, after standard animal-to-human conversions and extrapolating to doses below the experimental data. RESULTS: The estimated median additional number of adverse sC(L) outcomes across the United States was approximately 2.5 cases per 1,000 people. The estimated range of additional outcomes from the 5th to the 95th percentile of acrolein concentration levels across census tracts was 0.28-14 cases per 1,000. For RV/TLC, the median additional outcome was 0.002 per 1,000, and the additional outcome at the 95th percentile was 0.13 per 1,000. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are uncertainties in estimating human risks from animal data, this analysis demonstrates a method for estimating health risks for noncancer effects and suggests that acrolein could be associated with decreased respiratory function in the United States. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Adm, San Francisco, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, 3333 Calif St,Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM tracey.woodruff@ucsf.edu OI Wells, Ellen/0000-0002-7293-1395 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1289/ehp.9467 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 142LN UT WOS:000244651500034 PM 17431491 ER PT J AU Miller, SN Semmens, DJ Goodrich, DC Hernandez, M Miller, RC Kepner, WG Guertin, DP AF Miller, Scott N. Semmens, Darius J. Goodrich, David C. Hernandez, Mariano Miller, Ryan C. Kepner, William G. Guertin, D. Phillip TI The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE hydrologic modeling; geographic information systems; KINEROS; SWAT; change analysis; scenario development ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SWAT MODEL; LAND-COVER; RUNOFF; SCALE; GIS; VARIABILITY; SOIL AB A toolkit for distributed hydrologic modeling at multiple scales using two independent models within a geographic information system is presented. This open-source, freely available software was developed through a collaborative endeavor involving two Universities and two government agencies. Called the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool (AGWA), this software is written for the ArcView GIS platform and is distributed as an extension via the Internet. AGWA uses commonly available GIS data layers to fully parameterize, execute, and visualize results from both the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Kinematic Runoff and Erosion model (KINEROS2). These two distributed hydrologic models operate at different time scales and are suitable for application across a range of spatial scales. Descriptions of the GIS framework, hydrologic models, spatial analyses and algorithms that control the modeling process are given. Model requirements, limitations on the model applications and calibration techniques are described with examples of the use of AGWA for watershed modeling and assessment at a range of scales. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CH2MHill, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Box 3354,1000 E Univ Dr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM snmiller@uwyo.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.12.004 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116AG UT WOS:000242774300011 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Dantin, DD Chancy, CA Abel, KC Lewis, CG AF Lewis, Michael A. Dantin, Darrin D. Chancy, Cynthia A. Abel, Kathryn C. Lewis, Christopher G. TI Florida seagrass habitat evaluation: A comparative survey for chemical quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE seagrass; sediment; water; trace metals; organic chemicals; Florida ID STIPULACEA FORSK ASCHERS; SHORT-TERM UPTAKE; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; TRACE-METALS; SEDIMENT QUALITY; HALOPHILA-OVALIS; COASTAL WATERS; HEAVY-METALS; GULF AB Contaminant concentrations were determined for media associated with 13 Florida seagrass beds. Concentrations of 10 trace metals were more commonly detected in surface water, sediment and two seagrass species than PAHs, pesticides and PCBs. Concentrations of copper and arsenic in surface water exceeded Florida aquatic life criteria more frequently than other trace elements. Total organic carbon, mercury, chromium, zinc, total chlordane, total PAHs, total PCBs, DDD and DDE were significantly greater in seagrass-rooted sediments than adjacent non-vegetated sediments. Total DDT, DDD, DDE, total chlordane, arsenic, copper and nickel exceeded proposed sediment quality guidelines at six of 13 grass beds. Pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs were below detection in seagrass tissues. Mercury, cadmium, nickel, lead and silver were detected in 50% or more of the tissues for Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) and Halodule wrightii (shoal grass). Spatial, interspecific and tissue differences were usually an order of magnitude or less. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ W Florida, Dept Biol Sci, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32103 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lewis.michael@epa.gov NR 63 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1 BP 206 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.041 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141RA UT WOS:000244595200025 PM 17049464 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF Frick, WE AF Ge, Zhongfu Frick, Walter E. TI Some statistical issues related to multiple linear regression modeling of beach bacteria concentrations SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multiple linear regression; empirical; model selection; model evaluation; prediction ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; CLOSURES AB As a fast and effective technique, the multiple linear regression (MLR) method has been widely used in modeling and prediction of beach bacteria concentrations. Among previous works on this subject, however.. several issues were insufficiently or inconsistently addressed. Those issues include the value and use of interaction terms, the serial correlation, the criteria for model selection, and model assessment. The present work shows that serial correlations, as often present in sequentially observed data records, deserve full attention from the modeler. The testing and adjustment for the time-series effect should be implemented in a statistically rigorous framework. The R-2 and Cp-statistic as joint criteria are recommended for the model selection process, while using the t-statistics associated with the full model is erroneous. During model selection, using interaction terms can often help to decrease the bias in reduced models, although the resulting improvement in the numerical performance may be limited. For the assessment of the model predictive capacity, which is different from testing the goodness of fit, a comprehensive set of statistics are advocated to allow for an objective evaluation of different models. Results obtained from the data at Huntington Beach, OH, show that erroneous conclusions could be drawn if only the model R 2 and the count of type I and type II errors are considered. In this sense, several previous works deserve further investigation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Ecosyst Red Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ge.zhongfu@epa.gov; frick.walter@epa.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.11.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 145ZB UT WOS:000244903200009 PM 17189630 ER PT J AU Cleverly, D Ferrario, J Byrne, C Riggs, K Joseph, D Hartford, P AF Cleverly, David Ferrario, Joseph Byrne, Christian Riggs, Karen Joseph, Darrell Hartford, Pamela TI A general indication of the contemporary background levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs in the ambient air over rural and remote areas of the united states SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMICALS; PAHS AB Long-term measurements of the atmospheric concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs were taken in rural and remote areas of the United States by the National Dioxin Air Monitoring Network (NDAMN). A total of 21 quarterly sampling moments occurred from June, 1998 to December, 2002 at 34 locations geographically distributed throughout the United States. Sampling sites were located in rural and remote areas to obtain background air concentrations of dioxin-like compounds. Results were reported as the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of the mix of PCDDs/PCDFs (TEQ(DF)) and the mix of coplanar PCBs (TEQ(PCB)). At the studied rural sites the mean annual TEQ(DF) for each of the NDAMN sampling years was 10.43, 11.39, 10.40, and 10.47 fg m(-3) for 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the rural mean TEQ(DF) air concentrations across the sampling years (at 0.05 level of significance), although the mean concentration in sampling year 2000 increased 10% relative to the other sampling years. The 95th percent confidence interval of TEQ(DF) air concentrations in rural areas of the United States is from 6.4 to 15.4 fg m(-3), indicating there is a 95% probability that the true mean falls within this range. Mean annual atmospheric concentrations (TEQ(DF)) at the remote sites were 1.41, 0.99, 0.7, and 1.07 fg m(-3) in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. The 95th percent confidence interval of TEQ(DF) air concentrations suggest that the true mean annual atmospheric TEQ(DF) concentration in remote areas of the United States is between 0.1 and 3 fg m(-3). The remote sites have average air TEQ(DF) concentrations that are approximately 10 times lower than those of the rural sites. For the rural sites, there was close agreement in the mean annual air concentrations of coplanar PCBs (TEQ(PCB)) among the years 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 (i.e., 0.62, 0.69, 0.59, and 0.7 fg m(-3), respectively). However, as is the case with PCDDs/PCDFs, there was a marked increase (i.e., approximate to 13%) in the annual rural mean air concentration in 2000 as compared to the other sampling years. The confidence intervals across the NDAMN sampling years suggests a 95% probability that mean TEQ(PCB) atmospheric concentrations in rural and remote areas of the United States are within the range of 0.5-0.9 fg m(-3)and 0.1-0.5 fg m(-3), respectively. The congener distributional patterns of PCDDs/PCDFs in air were relatively constant at all locations, and match the profile of urban air. We propose the hypothesis that urban areas are regional sources of PCDDs/PCDFs and are affecting atmospheric levels in rural and remote areas of the United States. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Stennis Space Ctr, US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Pesticide Proggrams, Environm Chem Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Cleverly, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 8623N, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cleverly.david@epa.gov NR 21 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1537 EP 1544 DI 10.1021/es0616736 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139XZ UT WOS:000244467500015 PM 17396638 ER PT J AU Wang, W Zafiriou, OC Chan, IY Zepp, RG Blough, NV AF Wang, Wei Zafiriou, Oliver C. Chan, Iu-Yam Zepp, Richard G. Blough, Neil V. TI Production of hydrated electrons from photoionization of dissolved organic matter in natural waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SINGLET OXYGEN; QUANTUM YIELD; INTRAHUMIC DECHLORINATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; COASTAL WATERS AB Under UV irradiation, an important primary photochemical reaction of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is electron ejection to produce hydrated electrons (e(aq)(-)). The efficiency of this process has been studied in both fresh water and seawater samples with both steady-state scavenger (S-SS) and time-resolved laser flash photolysis (LFP) methods. However, the apparent quantum yields (AQYs) of e(aq)(-) for the same samples using the two methods differ by as much as a factor of 100, necessitating a closer re-examination of how the process is measured. We developed a highly sensitive multipass LFP apparatus that allows detection of transient species at very low and variable UV irradiation intensities. Under single-photon conditions, we measured the AQY of e(aq)(-) from Laurentian fulvic acid as 1.3 x 10(-4), and set the upper limit for other CDOM samples at 6 x 10(-5), bringing the LFP results into agreement with those from S-SS methods. We also examined the ionization at elevated irradiation intensities and clearly demonstrated that multiphoton ionization occurs at intensities well below those usually used in LFP experiments, but well above those likely to occur at the earth's surface. This multiphoton ionization is probably the cause of the high AQYs reported by earlier LFP work. In addition, we also observed in real time other photochemical reactions, such as triplet quenching and bleaching, in the single photon regime. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwang@whoi.edu RI Blough, Neil/B-7727-2009 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 10 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1601 EP 1607 DI 10.1021/es061069v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139XZ UT WOS:000244467500025 PM 17396648 ER PT J AU Claeys, M Szmigielski, R Kourtchev, I Van der Veken, P Vermeylen, R Maenhaut, W Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Edney, EO AF Claeys, Magda Szmigielski, Rafal Kourtchev, Ivan Van der Veken, Pieter Vermeylen, Reinhilde Maenhaut, Willy Jaoui, Mohammed Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Edney, Edward O. TI Hydroxydicarboxylic acids: Markers for secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of alpha-pinene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; UNITED-STATES; ALPHA-PINENE/O-3 REACTION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; MONOTERPENES AB Detailed organic analysis of fine (PM2.5) rural aerosol collected during summer at K-puszta, Hungary from a mixed deciduous/coniferous forest site shows the presence of polar oxygenated compounds that are also formed in laboratory irradiated alpha-pinene/NOx/air mixtures. In the present work, two major photooxidation products of alpha-pinene were characterized as the hydroxydicarboxylic acids, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, and 2-hydroxy-4-isopropyladipic acid, based on chemical, chromatographic, and mass spectral data. Different types of volatile derivatives, including trimethylsilyl ester/ether, methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether, and ethyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and their electron ionization (EI) spectra were interpreted in detail. The proposed structures of the hydroxydicarboxylic acids were confirmed or supported with reference compounds. 2-Hydroxy-4-isopropyladipic acid formally corresponds to a further reaction product of pinic acid involving addition of a molecule of water and opening of the dimethylcyclobutane ring; this proposal is supported by a laboratory irradiation experiment with alpha-pinene/NOx/air. In addition, we report the presence of a structurally related minor alpha-pinene photooxidation product, which was tentatively identified as the C-7 homolog of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, 3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylglutaric acid. The detection of 2-hydroxy-4-isopropyladipic acid in ambient aerosol provides an explanation for the relatively low atmospheric concentrations of pinic acid found during daytime in forest environments. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Antwerp, Inst Sci Nucl, Dept Analyt Chem, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Claeys, M (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Campus Drie Eiken,Univ Pl 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM magda.claeys@ua.ac.be RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Van der Veken, Pieter/P-5819-2016 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Van der Veken, Pieter/0000-0003-1208-3571 NR 49 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1628 EP 1634 DI 10.1021/es0620181 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139XZ UT WOS:000244467500029 PM 17396652 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Attwood, BC Scheckel, KG AF Hutson, Nick D. Attwood, Brian C. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI XAS and XPS characterization of mercury binding on brominated activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUE-GASES; EXAFS; SORPTION; OXIDATION; COMPLEXES; SORBENTS AB Brominated powdered activated carbon sorbents have been shown to be quite effective for mercury capture when injected into the flue gas duct at coal-fired power plants and are especially useful when burning Western low-chlorine subbituminous coals. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to determine information about the speciation and binding of mercury on two commercially available brominated activated carbons. The results are compared with similar analysis of a conventional (non-halogenated) and chlorinated activated carbon. Both the XAS and XPS results indicate that the mercury, though introduced as elemental vapor, is consistently bound on the carbon in the oxidized form. The conventional and chlorinated activated carbons appeared to contain mercury bound to chlorinated sites and possibly to sulfate species that have been incorporated onto the carbon from adsorbed SO2. The mercury-containing brominated sorbents appear to contain mercury bound primarily at bromination sites. The mechanism of capture for the sorbents likely consists of surface-enhanced oxidation of the elemental mercury vapor via interaction with surface-bound halide species with subsequent binding by surface halide or sulfate species. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 22 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1747 EP 1752 DI 10.1021/es062121q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139XZ UT WOS:000244467500047 PM 17405227 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Riopel, AR Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Verma, M. Brar, Satinder K. Riopel, A. R. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Pre-treatment of wastewater sludge - Biodegradability and rheology study SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; municipal sludge; thermal alkaline hydrolysis; value-added products; viscosity ID RAW-MATERIAL; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; BIOCONVERSION AB This study investigates the changes in biodegradability, rheology and metal concentration of wastewater sludge - nonhydrolyzed (raw), sterilized, and hydrolyzed (thermal alkaline pre-treatment) at total solids concentration from 10-50 g 1(-1) to ascertain the bioavailability of nutrients for subsequent fermentation. The dissolved solids concentration increased linearly with total solids. Irrespective of the wastewater sludge (raw or, pre-treated), percentage biodegradability in terms of total solids (26.5-44.5%), total COD (25.8-56.5%) and dissolved solids (41.9-66.9%) was maximum around 20 g 1(-1) solids concentration. The pseudoplasticity of sludge decreased (consistency index decreased from 895.1 to 5.2 and flow behaviour index increased from 0.28 to 0.88, for all sludge types) with pre-treatment and increased with total solids concentration. The pre-treated sludge, namely, sterilized and hydrolyzed sludge showed higher microbial growth (1-2 log cycles increase in comparison to raw sludge) suggesting their susceptibility to microbial degradation. The C:N ratio decreased with pretreatment (raw sludge > sterilized > hydrolyzed) during biodegradation. Although the metal concentration increased in incubated hydrolyzed sludge, the final concentration was within the regulatory norms for agriculture application. Thus, pretreatment of sludge resulted in increase in biodegradability making it an excellent proponent for fermented value-added products. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA UNIT 55, 2 OLD BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON SW7 3DQ, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1080/09593332808618788 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162WY UT WOS:000246121400004 PM 17432380 ER PT J AU Miller, DH Jensen, KM Villeneuve, DL Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Durhan, EJ Ankley, GT AF Miller, David H. Jensen, Kathleen M. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Linkage of biochemical responses to population-level effects: A case study with vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomarker; vitellogenin; fathead minnow; fecundity; population modeling ID REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; FISH; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; SUBSTANCES; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; ASSAY AB A challenge in the field of ecotoxicology is the linkage of alterations at molecular and biochemical levels of organization to adverse outcomes in individuals and populations. In the present study, a predictive relationship between plasma vitellogenin (VTG) concentration and fecundity in female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was derived from 21-d laboratory toxicity tests with five chemicals (17 beta-trenbolone, 17 alpha-trenbolone, prochloraz, fenarimol, and fadrozole) that inhibit VTG production through different mechanisms. Because VTG is key to egg production in female oviparous animals, changes in the lipoprotein could, theoretically, serve as an indicator of reproductive success. Regression of fecundity versus VTG concentration from the various studies yielded a highly significant linear model (fecundity = -0.042 + 0.95-VTG, p < 0.01, r(2) = 0.88). This relationship was integrated into a population model to translate changes in VTG concentrations of female fathead minnows to alterations in population growth. The model predicted relatively profound effects on population size of fish experiencing moderate decreases in vitellogenesis. For example, a fathead minnow population at a carrying capacity exposed to a chemical stressor that causes a 25% decrease in VTG concentration in females from baseline values would exhibit a 34.6% projected decrease in size after two years of exposure and reach an equilibrium population size that was only 30.2% of the preexposed population. Overall, the current study provides an example of how changes in a biomarker (VTG concentration) can be quantitatively translated into adverse effects at the individual and population levels. C1 Us Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. Us Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Miller, DH (reprint author), Us Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM miller.davidh@epa.gov NR 36 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 44 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1897/06-318R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 136RK UT WOS:000244241600018 PM 17373517 ER PT J AU Lamendella, R Santo Domingo, JW Oerther, DB Vogel, JR Stoeckel, DM AF Lamendella, Regina Santo Domingo, Jorge W. Oerther, Daniel B. Vogel, Jason R. Stoeckel, Donald M. TI Assessment of fecal pollution sources in a small northern-plains watershed using PCR and phylogenetic analyses of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; Bacteroidetes; 16S rRNA gene; water quality; fecal pollution ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOURCE-TRACKING; HUMAN FECES; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; PREVOTELLA; DIVERSITY; HOST; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS AB We evaluated the efficacy, sensitivity, host-specificity, and spatial/temporal dynamics of human- and ruminant-specific 16S rRNA gene Bacteroidetes markers used to assess the sources of fecal pollution in a fecally impacted watershed. Phylogenetic analyses of 1271 fecal and environmental 16S rRNA gene clones were also performed to study the diversity of Bacteroidetes in this watershed. The host-specific assays indicated that ruminant feces were present in 28-54% of the water samples and in all sampling seasons, with increasing frequency in downstream sites. The human-targeted assays indicated that only 3-5% of the water samples were positive for human fecal signals, although a higher percentage of human-associated signals (19-24%) were detected in sediment samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 57% of all water clones clustered with yet-to-be-cultured Bacteroidetes species associated with sequences obtained from ruminant feces, further supporting the prevalence of ruminant contamination in this watershed. However, since several clusters contained sequences from multiple sources, future studies need to consider the potential cosmopolitan nature of these bacterial populations when assessing fecal pollution sources using Bacteroidetes markers. Moreover, additional data is needed in order to understand the distribution of Bacteroidetes host-specific markers and their relationship to water quality regulatory standards. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014; OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205; Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 3 BP 651 EP 660 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00211.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 143KF UT WOS:000244719400011 PM 17069624 ER PT J AU Olshan, AF Perreault, SD Bradley, L Buus, RM Strader, LF Jeffay, SC Lansdell, L Savitz, DA Herring, A AF Olshan, Andrew F. Perreault, Sally D. Bradley, Lorrie Buus, Rebecca M. Strader, Lillian F. Jeffay, Susan C. Lansdell, Lyle Savitz, David A. Herring, Amy TI The healthy men study: design and recruitment considerations for environmental epiderniologic studies in male reproductive health SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE male; semen; epidemiology; environmental exposure; sperm; water pollutants ID SEMEN QUALITY; EXPOSURE; WATER; RATS; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To describe study design, conduct and response, and participant characteristics. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Participants were male partners of women who were enrolled in a community-based prospective cohort study of drinking water disinfection by-products and pregnancy health. Patient(s): Two hundred thirty presumed fertile men recruited from 3 study sites in the United States. Intervention(s): Men completed a telephone interview about demographics, health history, and exposures and provided a semen sample that was express mailed to the study laboratory. Main Outcome Measure(s): Response and participation rates, participant demographics, and lifestyle exposures. Result(s): We obtained a high participation rate (84%) among men who were located, but a low overall response rate (25%). Participants were more likely to be white, more highly educated, be married, and have a higher household income than the underlying study cohort. Conclusion(s): Our multisite study design may be applicable to the study of community environmental factors and reproductive health of men. Our design was efficient in that men from geographically disparate sites could be recruited, a semen sample was collected at home, and a telephone interview was conducted from a central study site. Despite these design features, the low response rates may suggest selection bias that can be addressed partially in the analysis. (Fertil Steril (R) 2007;87:554-64. (c) 2007 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olshan, AF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, CB 7435,2101B McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM andy_olshan@unc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 554 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1517 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 148OU UT WOS:000245085300018 PM 17140573 ER PT J AU Barron, MG AF Barron, Mace G. TI Sediment-associated phototoxicity to aquatic organisms SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE sediment; ultraviolet radiation; phototoxicity; aquatic organisms ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; FLUORANTHENE; OIL; RADIATION; LARVAE AB Phototoxicity is a two to greater than 1000-fold increase in chemical toxicity caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV), which has been demonstrated in a broad range of marine and freshwater fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic organisms in water column exposures. Field collected sediments containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants are phototoxic to sediment-dwelling organisms in laboratory tests, but in situ or field investigations of phototoxicity have not been reported. Sediment provides a pathway for the bioaccumulation of phototoxic chemicals through contact with and ingestion of bedded and suspended sediment, and maternal transfer, but risks are uncertain. Risks from sediment-associated phototoxicity will be greatest in areas of both high contaminant exposure (e.g., surficial and suspended sediments in harbors, outfall areas, and spill sites), and high UV exposure (e.g., high optical clarity or shallow depths). Organisms and life-stages most at risk will be those translucent to UV that inhabit the photic zone and near shore areas, but benthic organisms may have generally low IN exposure because of life history and morphological characteristics. Site-specific assessments are needed to characterize risks both spatially and temporally because of heterogeneous sediment contamination and large differences in species sensitivity and exposure pathways. C1 US EPA, GED ORD, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, GED ORD, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1080/10807030701226285 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174RX UT WOS:000246961600007 ER PT J AU Vermeire, T Munns, WR Sekizawa, J Suter, G Van der Kraak, G AF Vermeire, Theo Munns, Wayne R., Jr. Sekizawa, Jun Suter, Glenn Van der Kraak, Glen TI An assessment of integrated risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE integrated risk assessment; environment; health ID HEALTH; HUMANS AB In order to promote international understanding and acceptance of the integrated risk assessment process, the World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS), in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, initiated a number of activities related to integrated risk assessment. In this project, the WHO/IPCS defines integrated risk assessment as a science-based approach that combines the processes of risk estimation for humans, biota, and natural resources in one assessment. This article explores the strengths and weaknesses of integration as identified up to this date and the degree of acceptance of this concept by the global risk assessment/risk management community. It discusses both opportunities and impediments for further development and implementation. The major emerging opportunities for an integrated approach stem from the increasing societal and political pressure to move away from vertebrate testing leading to a demand for scientific integrated approaches to in vitro and in vivo testing, as well as to computer simulations, in so-called Intelligent Testing Strategies. In addition, by weighing the evidence from conventional mammalian toxicology, ecotoxicology, human epidemiology, and eco-epidemiology, risk assessors could better characterize mechanisms of action and the forms of the relationships of exposures to responses. It is concluded that further demonstrations of scientific, economic and regulatory benefits of an integrated approach are needed. As risk assessment is becoming more mechanistic and molecular this may create an integrated approach based on common mechanisms and a common systems-biology approach. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI USA. Univ Tokushima, Fac Integrated Arts & Sci, Tokushima 770, Japan. Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Guelph, Coll Biol Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Vermeire, T (reprint author), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9,POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM theo.vermeire@rivm.nl NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1080/10807030701226848 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174RX UT WOS:000246961600009 ER PT J AU Nagy, L Fairbrother, A Etterson, M Orme-Zavaleta, J AF Nagy, Laura Fairbrother, Anne Etterson, Matthew Orme-Zavaleta, Jennifer TI The intersection of independent lies: Increasing realism in ecological risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; model clusters; trade-offs; model uncertainty; realism; precision; generality ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; UV-B RADIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; POPULATION; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE; AMPHIBIANS; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTION AB In 1966, Levins presented a philosophical discussion on making inference about populations using clusters of models. In this article we provide an overview of model inference in ecological risk assessment, discuss the benefits and trade-offs of increasing model realism, show the similarities and differences between Levins' model clusters and those used in ecological risk assessment, and present how risk assessment models can incorporate Levins' ideas of truth through independent lies. Two aspects of Levins' philosophy are directly relevant to risk assessment. First, confidence in our interpretation of risk is increased when multiple risk assessments yield similar qualitative results. Second, model clusters should be evaluated to determine if they maximize precision, generality, or realism or a mix of the three. In the later case, the evaluation of each model will differ depending on whether it is more general, precise, or realistic relative to the other models used. We conclude that risk assessments can be strengthened using Levins' idea, but that Levins' caution that model outcome should not be mistaken for truth is still applicable. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Nagy, L (reprint author), Tetra Tech EC, 1750 SW Harbor Way,SE,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM laura.nagy@tteci.com NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 355 EP 369 DI 10.1080/10807030701226814 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174RX UT WOS:000246961600010 ER PT J AU Serveiss, VB Ohlson, DW AF Serveiss, Victor B. Ohlson, Dan W. TI Using ecological risk assessment principles in a source water protection assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed management; ecological risk assessment; source water protection; drinking water quality ID MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; STRESSOR AB It has become increasingly common to apply ecological risk assessment (ERA) principles to watershed and regional scale environmental management. This article describes the application of watershed ERA principles to the development of a source water protection assessment and a strategic watershed management plan. The primary focus was on the protection of drinking water quality, a concern typically addressed by human health risk assessors. The approach emphasizes adaptations to the problem formulation phase of ERA (defining assessment endpoints, developing conceptual models and an analysis plan) suitable for watershed management planning in a multi-objective, multi-stressor context. Physical, chemical, and biological attributes were selected for primary drinking water quality assessment endpoints, and coupled with additional assessment endpoints relevant to other environmental and social management objectives. Conceptual models helped the planning team to better understand and communicate the multiple natural and human stressors in the watershed and the causal pathways by which they affected drinking water. The article provides an example of the types of adaptations that can make ERA principles suitable for watershed management related to human health goals, and illustrates the efficiency of integrating health and ecological assessments. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Compass Resource Management Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Serveiss, VB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM serveiss.victor@epa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 402 EP 417 DI 10.1080/10807030701226822 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174RX UT WOS:000246961600013 ER PT J AU Otto, D Xia, Y Wu, K He, L Telech, J Hundell, H Prah, J Mumford, J Wade, T AF Otto, D. Xia, Y. Wu, K. He, L. Telech, J. Hundell, H. Prah, J. Mumford, J. Wade, T. TI Neurosensory effects of chronic human exposure to arsenic associated with body burden and environmental measures SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 06, 2005-JUL 01, 2006 CL Haikko, FINLAND SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc DE arsenic; pinprick; toenail; urine; vibration threshold ID DRINKING-WATER; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; INNER-MONGOLIA; BIOTRANSFORMATION; VIBROTACTILE; SPECIATION AB Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to produce a variety of health problems, including peripheral neuropathy. Auditory, visual and somatosensory impairment have been reported in Mongolian farmers living in the Yellow River Valley, where drinking water is contaminated by arsenic. In the present study, sensory tests, including pinprick and vibration thresholds, were administered to 320 residents with well-water arsenic levels, ranging from non-detectable to 690 mu g/L. Vibration thresholds in the second and fifth fingers of both hands were measured using a vibrothesiometer. Drinking water, urine and toenail samples were obtained to assess arsenic exposure and body burden. Regression analyses indicated significant associations of pinprick scores and vibration thresholds with all arsenic measures. Vibration thresholds were more strongly associated with urinary than water or nail arsenic measures, but odds ratios for decreased pinprick sensitivity were highest for the water arsenic measure. Results of the current study indicate neurosensory effects of arsenic exposure at concentrations well below the 1000 mu g/L drinking water level specified by NRC, and suggest that non-carcinogenic end-points, such as vibration thresholds, are useful in the risk assessment of exposure to arsenic in drinking water. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Peoples R China. Bamen Anti Epidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Otto, D (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM otto.david@epa.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1177/0960327107070561 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 149ER UT WOS:000245130400004 PM 17439919 ER PT J AU Keyse, MD Fortino, K Hershey, AE O'Brien, WJ Lienesch, PW Luecke, C McDonald, ME AF Keyse, Matthew D. Fortino, Kenneth Hershey, Anne E. O'Brien, W. John Lienesch, Philip W. Luecke, Chris McDonald, Michael E. TI Effects of large lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) on the dietary habits of small lake trout: a comparison of stable isotopes (delta N-15 and delta C-13) and stomach content analyses SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE delta N-15 and delta C-13; foraging constraints; habitat; lake trout; stomach content analysis; trophic position ID ARCTIC LAKE; FOOD WEBS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; PREDATION RISK; SLIMY SCULPIN; POPULATIONS; SIZE; AVOIDANCE; FISH AB We examined the effect of large (potentially piscivorous) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) on the dietary habits of small lake trout in an arctic lake. We hypothesized that large lake trout constrain the foraging of small lake trout, thus, in the absence of large lake trout, small lake trout will shift their diet from littoral to more abundant prey offshore. We tested this hypothesis using samples from a removal experiment where all lake trout large enough to be susceptible to gill nets were removed from a small arctic Alaskan lake during 1988-1989. We examined size at age and conducted stomach content and stable isotope analyses of lake trout collected during removal (1988), early recovery (1990), and late recovery (1999) portions of the study. Lake trout grew more quickly following removal. All lake trout fed on a variety of prey, but stomach analyses provided little information on segregation of diet between size classes. delta N-15 and delta C-13 analyses showed that small lake trout shifted their diet after large lake trout were removed, apparently toward more reliance on offshore zooplankton, which also implies a habitat shift to open water. Thus, we conclude that large lake trout are restricting the dietary habits of small lake trout, a restriction that was removed in an exploited population. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Environm Monitoring & Asessment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Keyse, MD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM mdkeyse@uncg.edu RI Luecke, Chris/A-2040-2011 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2007 VL 579 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0399-2 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 135XM UT WOS:000244187200014 ER PT J AU Tudor, C Hitti, E Blackshear, PJ Clark, AR Saklatvala, J Dean, JLE AF Tudor, C. Hitti, E. Blackshear, P. J. Clark, A. R. Saklatvala, J. Dean, J. L. E. TI Identification of target mRNAs regulated by both p38 MAPK and tristetraprolin in murine macrophages SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the British-Society-of-Immunology CY FEB 20-23, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP British Soc Immunol C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Kennedy Inst, Div Rheumatol, Fac Med, London, England. Inst Biochem, Sch Med, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 120 SU 1 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 134JT UT WOS:000244080000062 ER PT J AU Whitler, J AF Whitler, John TI Emergency preparedness for drinking water and wastewater systems SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Whitler, J (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC USA. EM Whitler.John@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 147BN UT WOS:000244978500012 ER PT J AU Gennings, C Carter, WH Carchman, RA DeVito, MJ Simmons, JE Crofton, KA AF Gennings, Chris Carter, W. Hans, Jr. Carchman, Richard A. DeVito, Michael J. Simmons, Jane Ellen Crofton, Kevin A. TI The impact of exposure to a mixture of eighteen polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons on thyroid function: Estimation of an interaction threshold SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE additivity; dose-dependent interaction; nonadditivity; synergy ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE; COMBINATION; TOXICOLOGY; AGENTS AB When an interaction has been detected among the chemicals in a mixture, it may be of interest to predict the interaction threshold. A method is presented for estimation of an interaction threshold along a mixture ray which allows differences in the shapes of the dose-response curves of the individual components (e.g., mixtures of full and partial agonists with differing response maxima). A point estimate and confidence interval for the interaction threshold may be estimated. The methods are illustrated with data from a study of a mixture of 18 polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) in rats exposed by oral gavage for four consecutive days. Serum total thyroxine (T4) was the response variable. Previous analysis of these data demonstrated a dose-dependent interaction among the 18 chemicals in the mixture, with additivity suggested in the lower portion of the dose-response curve and synergy (greater than additive response) in the higher portion of the dose-response curve. The present work builds on this analysis by construction of an interaction threshold model along the mixture ray. This interaction threshold model has two components: an implicit additivity region and an explicit region that describes the departure from additivity; the interaction threshold is the boundary between the two regions. Estimation of the interaction threshold within the observed experimental region suggested evidence of additivity in the low dose region. Total doses of the mixture that exceed the upper limit of the confidence interval on the interaction threshold were associated with a greater-than-additive interaction. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Principal Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gennings@vcu.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 96 EP 111 DI 10.1198/108571107X176727 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 144SD UT WOS:000244815500006 ER PT J AU Nakamura, N Eddy, EM AF Nakamura, Noriko Eddy, Edward M. TI Disulfide bonds of spermatogenic cell-specific type 1 hexokinase (HK1S) and sperm motility SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 18-24, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Soc Androl C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 SU S MA 2 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 142LX UT WOS:000244652500005 ER PT J AU Luben, TJ Olshan, AF Herring, AH Jeffay, S Strader, L Chan, RL Savitz, DA Perreault, SD AF Luben, Thomas J. Olshan, Andrew F. Herring, Amy H. Jeffay, Susan Strader, Lillian Chan, Ronna L. Savitz, David A. Perreault, Sally D. TI The healthy men study: an evaluation of exposure to water disinfection by-products and sperm quality SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 18-24, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Soc Androl C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 SU S MA 42 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 142LX UT WOS:000244652500045 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Hamilton, MA AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Hamilton, Martin A. TI Comparative evaluation of two quantitative test methods for determining the efficacy of liquid sporicides and sterilants on a hard surface: A precollaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL GERMICIDES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DISINFECTANTS AB Two quantitative carrier-based test methods for determining the efficacy of liquid sporicides and sterilants on a hard surface, the Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method-ASTM E 2111-00 and an adaptation of a quantitative micro-method as reported by Sagripanti and Bonifacino, were compared in this study. The methods were selected based on their desirable characteristics (e.g., well-developed protocol, previous use with spores, fully quantitative, and use of readily available equipment) for testing liquid sporicides and sterilants on a hard surface. In this paper, the Sagripanti-Bonifacino procedure is referred to as the Three Step Method (TSM). AOAC Official Method 966.04 was included in this study as a reference method. Three laboratories participated in the evaluation. Three chemical treatments were tested: (1) 3000 ppm sodium hypochlorite with pH adjusted to 7.0, (2) a hydrogen peroxide/peroxyacetic acid product, and (3) 3000 ppm sodium hypochlorite with pH unadjusted (pH of approximately 10.0). A fourth treatment, 6000 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution with pH adjusted to 7.0, was included only for Method 966.04 as a positive control (high level of efficacy). The contact time was 10 min for all chemical treatments except the 6000 ppm sodium hypochlorite treatment which was tested at 30 min. Each chemical treatment was tested 3 times using each of the methods. Only 2 of the laboratories performed the AOAC method. Method performance was assessed by the within-laboratory variance, between-laboratory variance, and total variance associated with the log reduction (LR) estimates generated by each quantitative method. The quantitative methods performed similarly, and the LR values generated by each method were not statistically different for the 3 treatments evaluated. PP Based on feedback from the participating laboratories, compared to the TSM, ASTM E 2111-00 was more resource demanding and required more set-up time. The logistical and resource concerns identified for ASTM E 2111-00 were largely associated with the filtration process and counting bacterial colonies on filters. Thus, the TSM was determined to be the most suitable method. C1 US EPA, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM Tomasino.Stephen@epamail.epa.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 456 EP 464 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158BO UT WOS:000245766100015 PM 17474517 ER PT J AU Dahl, M Bauer, AK Arredouani, M Soininen, R Tryggvason, K Kleeberger, SR Kobzik, L AF Dahl, Morten Bauer, Alison K. Arredouani, Mohamed Soininen, Raija Tryggvason, Karl Kleeberger, Steven R. Kobzik, Lester TI Protection against inhaled oxidants through scavenging of oxidized lipids by macrophage receptors MARCO and SR-AI/II SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE OXYSTEROLS; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LUNG SURFACTANT; OZONATION PRODUCTS; BINDING-RECEPTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OZONE AB Alveolar macrophages (AMs) express the class A scavenger receptors (SRAs) macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and scavenger receptor AI/II (SRA-I/II), which recognize oxidized lipids and provide innate defense against inhaled pathogens and particles. Increased MARCO expression in lungs of ozone-resistant mice suggested an additional role protecting against inhaled oxidants. After ozone exposure, MARCO(-/-) mice showed greater lung injury than did MARCO(+/+) mice. Ozone is known to generate oxidized, proinflammatory lipids in lung lining fluid, such as 5 beta,6 beta-epoxycholesterol (beta-epoxide) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-glycerophosphocholine (PON-GPC). Intratracheal instillation of either lipid caused substantial neutrophil influx in MARCO(-/-) mice, but had no effect in MARCO(+/+) mice. Normal AMs showed greater uptake in vitro of beta-epoxide compared with MARCO(-/-) AMs, consistent with SRA function in binding oxidized lipids. SR-AI/II-/- mice showed similar enhanced acute lung inflammation after beta-epoxide or another inhaled oxidant (aerosolized leachate of residual oil fly ash). In contrast, subacute ozone exposure did not enhance inflammation in SR-AI/II-/- versus SR-AI/II+/+ mice, reflecting increased AM expression of MARCO. These data identify what we believe to be a novel function for AM SRAs in decreasing pulmonary inflammation after oxidant inhalation by scavenging proinflammatory oxidized lipids from lung lining fluids. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Oulu, Bioctr, Dept Med Biochem & Mol Biol, Oulu, Finland. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Kobzik, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lkobzik@hsph.harvard.edu RI Dahl, Morten/F-4219-2014 OI Dahl, Morten/0000-0002-6686-312X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [K22 ES014731-01, P30 ES000002, R01 ES011008, ES00002, ES011008] NR 52 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 117 IS 3 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1172/JC129968 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 142PR UT WOS:000244662500035 PM 17332894 ER PT J AU Boccelli, DL Small, MJ Diwekar, UM AF Boccelli, Dominic L. Small, Mitchell J. Diwekar, Urmila M. TI Drinking water treatment plant design incorporating variability and uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE potable water; water treatment plants; stochastic processes; optimization; uncertainty principles ID BED FILTRATION; OPTIMIZATION; REMOVAL; PARTICLES; KINETICS AB Both inherent natural variability and model parameter uncertainty must be considered in the development of robust and reliable designs for drinking water treatment. This study presents an optimization framework for investigating the effects of five variable influent parameters and three uncertain model parameters on the least-cost treatment plant configuration (contact, direct, or nonsweep conventional filtration) that reliably satisfies an effluent particulate matter concentration constraint. Incorporating variability and uncertainty within the decision-making framework generates information for investigating: (1) impacts on total cost and treatment reliability; (2) shifts on the least-cost treatment configuration for providing reliable treatment; and (3) the importance of the individual variable and uncertain parameter distributions for reliably satisfying an effluent water quality constraint. Increasing the magnitude of influent variability and model parameter uncertainty results in a greater expected design cost due, generally, to increases in process sizing required to reliably satisfy the effluent concentration constraint. The inclusion of variability and uncertainty can also produce a shift in the locations of the least-cost configuration regions, which are dependent on the expected influent water quality and the magnitude of variability and uncertainty. The additional information provided by incorporating the variable and uncertain parameters illustrates that parameter distributions related to the primary removal mechanism are critical, and that contact and direct filtration are more sensitive to variability and uncertainty than conventional filtration. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Vishwamitra Res Inst, Ctr Uncertain Syst Tools Optimizat & Management, Westmont, IL 60559 USA. RP Boccelli, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, MS 163,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM boccelli.dominic@epa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:3(303) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137HM UT WOS:000244283700007 ER PT J AU Tong, STY Liu, AJ Goodrich, JA AF Tong, S. T. Y. Liu, A. J. Goodrich, J. A. TI Climate Change Impacts on Nutrient and Sediment Loads in a Midwestern Agricultural Watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE BASINS; climate change; geographic information systems; non-point source pollution; surface water hydrology; watershed management; water resources planning AB The objective of this study is to examine the water quality impacts of climate change in a predominantly agricultural, but rapidly urbanizing, watershed in the American Midwest, the Little Miami River (LMR) watershed. Future climatic conditions were simulated based on various climatic scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a long-term, continuous, watershed-scale hydrologic model, was used to predict the potential changes in flow, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment loads. Results indicate that daily flow can vary by 35%. Besides, the LMR watershed has an overabundance of phosphorus. It is likely that eutrophication will be exacerbated in future climatic conditions; hence strategies to control non-point source pollution by only reducing nitrogen may not be adequate. Moreover, the hydrological impacts of future climate change will be large enough to warrant modifications in our response and utilization of water resources. C1 [Tong, S. T. Y.; Liu, A. J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Goodrich, J. A.] US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tong, STY (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM susanna.tong@uc.edu NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 19 PU INT SOC ENVIRON INFORM SCI PI REGINA PA 4246 ALBERT ST, REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN S4S 3R9, CANADA SN 1726-2135 J9 J ENVIRON INFORM JI J. Environ. Inform. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.3808/jei.200700084 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12TL UT WOS:000207621400003 ER PT J AU Villegas, EN Glassmeyer, ST Ware, MW Hayes, SL Schaefer, FW AF Villegas, E. N. Glassmeyer, S. T. Ware, M. W. Hayes, S. L. Schaefer, F. W., III TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry-based analysis of Giardia lamblia. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Homeland Sec Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 55S EP 55S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600173 ER PT J AU Kirrane, E Loomis, D Egeghy, P Nylander-French, L AF Kirrane, Ellen Loomis, Dana Egeghy, Peter Nylander-French, Leena TI Personal exposure to benzene from fuel emissions among commercial fishers: comparison of two-stroke, four-stroke and diesel engines SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzene; gasoline; boat engines; fishers; personal exposure ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; GENERAL-POPULATION; VEHICLE MECHANICS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; GASOLINE; WORKERS; MORTALITY; HEALTH; NEUROTOXICITY; CONSTITUENTS AB Commercial fishers are exposed to unburned hydrocarbon vapors and combustion products present in the emissions from their boat engines. The objective of this study was to measure personal exposure to benzene as a marker of fuel exposure, and to predict exposure levels across categories of carbureted two-stroke, four-stroke and diesel engines. A self-monitoring approach, employing passive monitors, was used to obtain measurements of personal exposure to benzene over time. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to predict exposure levels, identify significant effects and determine restricted maximum likelihood estimates for within- and between-person variance components. Significant fixed effects for engine type and refueling a car or truck were identified. After controlling for refueling, predicted benzene exposure levels to fishers on boats equipped with two-stroke, four-stroke and diesel engines were 58.4, 38.9 and 15.7 mu g/m(3), respectively. The logged within- person variance component was 1.43, larger than the between-person variance component of 1.13, indicating that the total variation may be attributable to monitor placement, environmental conditions and other factors that change over time as well as differences between individual work practices. The health consequences of exposure to marine engine emissions are not known. The predicted levels are well below those at which health effects have been attributed, however. C1 RTI Int, Environm Hlth & Epidemiol Program, Div Surg Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kirrane, E (reprint author), RTI Int, Environm Hlth & Epidemiol Program, Div Surg Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ekirrane@rti.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07018]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R03OH007380] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500487 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 152KI UT WOS:000245360500005 PM 16736060 ER PT J AU Forssen, UM Herring, AH Savitz, DA Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Murphy, PA Singer, PC Wright, JM AF Forssen, Ulla M. Herring, Amy H. Savitz, David A. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Murphy, Patricia A. Singer, Philip C. Wright, J. Michael TI Predictors of use and consumption of public drinking water among pregnant women SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drinking water; exposure assessment; pregnant women; water consumption; disinfection by-products ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TAP WATER; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHLOROFORM; OUTCOMES; CONTAMINANTS; HALOKETONES; ASSOCIATION AB Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the results from previous epidemiological studies are not consistent, perhaps in part due to individual variation in water use and consumption. This study was performed to evaluate and describe demographic and behavioral characteristics as predictors of ingested water, showering, bathing, and swimming among pregnant women. Water use and consumption data were collected through telephone interviews with 2297 pregnant women from three geographical sites in the southern United States. The data were analyzed according to demographic, health, and behavioral variables expected to be predictors of water use and thus potential confounding factors relating water use to pregnancy outcome. The candidate predictors were evaluated using backward elimination in regression models. Demographic variables tended to be more strongly predictive of the use and consumption of water than health and behavior-related factors. Non-Hispanic white women drank 0.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2; 0.7) liters more cold tap water per day than Hispanic women and 0.3 ( 95% CI 0.1; 0.4) liters more than non-Hispanic black women. Non-Hispanic white women also reported drinking a higher proportion of filtered tap water, whereas Hispanic women replaced more oft heir tap water with bottled water. Lower socioeconomic groups reported spending a longer time showering and bathing, but were less likely to use swimming pools. The results oft his study should help researchers to anticipate and better control for confounding and misclassification in studies of exposure to DBPs and pregnancy outcomes. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Dept Epidemiol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Forssen, UM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, CB 8050, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ulla_forssen@unc.edu RI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017 OI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500488 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 152KI UT WOS:000245360500006 PM 16670711 ER PT J AU Walston, LJ Mullin, SJ AF Walston, Leroy J. Mullin, Stephen J. TI Population responses of Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles to overwintered bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; ANURAN LARVAE; PREDATOR; PLASTICITY; CONSEQUENCES; SALAMANDERS AB A fundamental goal in ecology is to understand how environmental variation influences the distribution of individuals within a population. In this study, we used laboratory experiments to examine the population responses of sympatric Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles to native overwintered Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. For periods of up to two weeks, we measured growth, activity, and refuge use of Wood Frog tadpoles in small mesocosms with and without an overwintered Bullfrog tadpole present. Bullfrog tadpoles had a negative effect on the growth of Wood Frog tadpoles allotopic (naive) to Bullfrogs, whereas the presence of Bullfrogs had no effect on growth of syntopic (experienced) Wood Frog tadpoles. There were also differential behavioral responses of the Wood Frog populations to overwintered Bullfrog tadpole visual and chemical cues. Only allotopic Wood Frog tadpoles decreased activity levels and increased use of refugia in the presence of overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles. These observations indicate overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles might exert a selective pressure on sympatric Wood Frog tadpoles, and that experience might allow for the development of strategies to maximize performance for species coexisting with overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles. C1 Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. RP Walston, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM walston.leroy@epa.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[24:PROWFR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 151AW UT WOS:000245261700004 ER PT J AU Elci, S Work, PA Hayter, EJ AF Elci, Sebnem Work, Paul A. Hayter, Earl J. TI Influence of stratification and shoreline erosion on reservoir sedimentation patterns SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; LAKE OKEECHOBEE; TRANSPORT; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; FRONT; RIVER AB Sedimentation in the main pool of a deep (maximum depth: 50 m), 227 km 2 hydropower reservoir was modeled using a three-dimensional numerical model of hydrodynamics and sedimentation for different wind, inflow, and outflow conditions. Short-term velocity measurements made in the reservoir were used to validate some aspects of the hydrodynamic model. The effects of thermal stratification on sedimentation patterns were investigated, since the reservoir is periodically strongly stratified. Stratification alters velocity profiles and thus affects sedimentation in the reservoir. Sedimentation of reservoirs is often modeled considering only the deposition of sediments delivered by tributaries. However, the sediments eroding from the shorelines can contribute significantly to sedimentation if the shorelines of the reservoir erode at sufficiently high rates or if sediment delivery via tributary inflow is small. Thus, shoreline erosion rates for a reservoir were quantified based on measured fetch, parameterized beach profile shape, and measured wind vectors, and the eroded sediments treated as a source within the sedimentation modeling scheme. The methodology for the prediction of shoreline erosion was calibrated and validated using digital aerial photos of the reservoir taken in different years and indicated approximately I m/year of shoreline retreat for several locations. This study revealed likely zones of sediment deposition in a thermally stratified reservoir and presented a methodology for integration of shoreline erosion into sedimentation studies that can be used in any reservoir. C1 Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. US Envrionm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Elci, S (reprint author), Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Gulbahce Campus, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. EM sebnemelci@iyte.edu.tr; pau1.work@gtsav.gatech.edu; hayter.earl@epamail.epa.gov RI Elci, Sebnem/E-3735-2010 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:3(255) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 138SC UT WOS:000244381600003 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Linak, WP Touati, A Wasson, SJ Gatica, S King, CJ AF Gullett, Brian K. Linak, William P. Touati, Abderrahmane Wasson, Shirley J. Gatica, Staci King, Charles J. TI Characterization of air emissions and residual ash from open burning of electronic wastes during simulated rudimentary recycling operations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on EcoTopia Science (ISETS 05) CY AUG 08-09, 2005 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN HO Nagoya Univ DE electronic waste; emissions; ash; recycling; PCDD; PCDF; PBDD; PBDF; metals; TCLP; flame retardants ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; PCDD/F EMISSIONS; DIBENZODIOXINS; DIBENZOFURANS; INCINERATION; FACILITY AB Air emissions and residual ash samples were collected and analyzed during experiments of open, uncontrolled combustion of electronic waste (e-waste), simulating practices associated with rudimentary e-waste recycling operations. Circuit boards and insulated wires were handled separately to simulate processes associated with metal recovery. The average emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) were 92 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg [n = 2, relative standard deviation (RSD) = 98%] and 11 900 ng TEQ/kg (n = 3, RSD = 50%) of the initial mass of the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. The value for the insulated wire is about 100 times higher than that for backyard barrel burning of domestic waste. The emission concentrations of polybrominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/PBDFs) from the combustion of circuit boards were 100 times higher than for their polychlorinated counterparts. Particulate matter (PM) sampling of the fly ash emissions indicated PM emission factors of approximately 15 and 17 g/kg of the initial mass for the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. Fly ash samples from both types of e-waste contained considerable amounts of several metallic elements and halogens; lead concentrations were more than 200 times the United States regulatory limits for municipal waste combustors and 20 times those for secondary lead smelters. Leaching tests of the residual bottom ash showed that lead concentrations exceeded U. S. Environmental Protection Agency landfill limits, designating this ash as a hazardous waste. C1 [Gullett, Brian K.; Linak, William P.; Wasson, Shirley J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane; King, Charles J.] ARCADIS G&M Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Gatica, Staci] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 42 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-4957 J9 J MATER CYCLES WASTE JI J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s10163-006-0161-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 286MZ UT WOS:000254851300012 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL AF Yuan, Lester L. TI Effects of measurement error on inferences of environmental conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE measurement error; biological inference; temperature; fine sediment; macroinvertebrates; streams ID INDICATOR VALUES; REGRESSION; DIATOMS; MODEL; CALIBRATION; BIAS; PH AB The effects of measurement errors on biological inferences of stream temperature and bedded fine sediment were investigated. Single variable and multivariate logistic regression models were used to relate the occurrences of different macroinvertebrate genera and observed temperature and fine sediment. Next, a simulation and extrapolation method (SIMEX) was used to adjust regression model coefficients for the effects of measurement errors in the temperature and fine-sediment observations. It was assumed that the persistence of different stream organisms was related to long-term average environmental conditions, so measurement error in this analysis was interpreted broadly as including all the variability associated with estimating long-term averages from single measurements. On average, correcting for measurement error narrowed the breadth of genus-environment relationships and shifted optimum values toward the mean of the observations. Accounting for measurement error also improved the predictive accuracy of some of the inference models. Inferences of temperature based on single-variable SIMEX models were 28% more accurate than inferences based on naive models that used uncorrected observations. However, inferences of fine sediment based on single-variable SIMEX models were only slightly more accurate than inferences based on naive models. Multivariate models, in which both stream temperature and fine sediment were modeled simultaneously, exhibited the strongest improvement in predictive performance when measurement error was taken into account. The accuracy of temperature inferences improved by 39%, whereas fine-sediment inferences improved by 8%. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[152:EOMEOI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132RU UT WOS:000243960700015 ER PT J AU Mack, CM Gordon, CJ AF Mack, Cina M. Gordon, Christopher J. TI Differential sensitivity to anticholinesterase insecticides in the juvenile rat: Effects on thermoregulation SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; EXPOSURES; AGE; HOUSEHOLDS; CARBARYL; CHILDREN; GENDER; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides inhibit cholinesterase (ChE) activity and induce acute hypothermia in adult rats. Studies showed that juveniles are generally more susceptible to neurotoxic insult than adults. However, little is known concerning the effects of OP and CB pesticides on thermoregulation in developing animals. Thus, alterations in core body temperature (Tc) in juvenile animals exposed to an OP and CB insecticide were investigated. Male rat pups were anesthetized on postnatal day (PND) 15 with metofane and a radio transmitter (Data Sciences) was implanted in the abdominal cavity to monitor Tc and motor activity (MA). Two days were allowed for recovery. The PND 17 pups were then dosed by oral gavage with the OP chlorpyrifos (CHP) (1, 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg) or the CB carbaryl (CAR) (10, 20, 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg) or the corn oil vehicle. Pups were returned to their dams and littermates immediately after dosing and monitored for the next several days. CHP doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg resulted in 1.0 degrees C and 2.4 degrees C reductions in Tc, respectively. Tc recovered to control levels by approximately 16 h after dosing. There was significant mortality in rats dosed with 15 mg/kg CHP (6 of 11). CAR doses of 10 to 80 mg/kg had little effect on Tc. The highest dose of CAR (160 mg/kg) resulted in a 1.3 degrees C reduction in Tc that recovered in 9 h. In contrast, past studies found that adult male rats become hypothermic at CHP doses of > 25 mg/kg, whereas a CAR dose of 50 mg/kg is effective at inducing hypothermia. Overall, it appears that during the development from preweanling to adult rat, there is a progressive attenuation in CHP- induced hypothermia. Conversely, CAR-induced hypothermia increases as a function of development. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mack, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mick.cina@epa.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 5-6 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1080/15287390600755299 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 141FT UT WOS:000244564900006 PM 17454568 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Sorg, TJ Wang, LL Muhlen, C Rahrig, M French, K AF Lytle, Darren A. Sorg, Thomas J. Wang, Lili Muhlen, Christy Rahrig, Matthew French, Ken TI Biological nitrification in a full-scale and pilot-scale iron removal drinking water treatment plant SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE ammonia; bacteria; drinking water; filtration; nitrification ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; FILTERS AB Ammonia in source waters can cause water treatment and distribution system problems, many of which are associated with biological nitrification. Therefore in some cases the removal of,, ammonia from water is desirable. Biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate (nitrification) is well understood and common in wastewater processes. The biological filtration to convert ammonia to nitrate in drinking water applications in full-scale systems is limited in the United States. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to monitor and evaluate nitrification in a full-scale iron removal filtration plant with biologically active granular media filters located in Ohio, and (2) to determine how to most efficiently regain nitrification following filter rebedding with new filter media. Results showed that the biologically-active filters consistently oxidized all of the 1.2 mg/L NH3-N to nitrate. Seasonal variations in ammonia oxidation effectiveness were not observed because yearly changes in water temperature and other water quality parameters were minimal. Pilot tests using dual anthracite/sand filters were used to determine the time required to achieve complete nitrification by three different seeding methods of new filters. The results of the pilot tests showed that all three methods took approximately 70 days. Biological oxidation of ammonia is a simple, robust and effective way to convert ammonia to nitrate in full-scale water treatment systems. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Greene Cty Sanitary Engn, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.2166/aqua.2007.092 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 151BA UT WOS:000245262100005 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Freeman, BJ Freeman, MC AF Roy, Allison H. Freeman, Byron J. Freeman, Mary C. TI Riparian influences on stream fish assemblage structure in urbanizing streams SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE riparian buffer; catchment; urban; land use/cover; land-water interface; piedmont; stream; fish ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; WATER; QUALITY; ZONES AB We assessed the influence of land cover at multiple spatial extents on fish assemblage integrity, and the degree to which riparian forests can mitigate the negative effects of catchment urbanization on stream fish assemblages. Riparian cover (urban, forest, and agriculture) was determined within 30 m buffers at longitudinal distances of 200 m, 1 km, and the entire network upstream of 59 non-nested fish sampling locations. Catchment and riparian land cover within the upstream network were highly correlated, so we were unable to distinguish between those variables. Most fish assemblage variables were related to % forest and % urban land cover, with the strongest relations at the largest spatial extent of land cover (catchment), followed by riparian land cover in the 1-km and 200-m reach, respectively. For fish variables related to urban land cover in the catchment, we asked whether the influence of riparian land cover on fish assemblages was dependent on the amount of urban development in the catchment. Several fish assemblage metrics (endemic richness, endemic: cosmopolitan abundance, insectivorous cyprinid richness and abundance, and fluvial specialist richness) were all best predicted by single variable models with % urban land cover. However, endemic: cosmopolitan richness, cosmopolitan abundance, and lentic tolerant abundance were related to % forest cover in the 1-km stream reach, but only in streams that had < 15% catchment urban land cover. In these cases, catchment urbanization overwhelmed the potential mitigating effects of riparian forests on stream fishes. Together, these results suggest that catchment land cover is an important driver of fish assemblages in urbanizing catchments, and riparian forests are important but not sufficient for protecting stream ecosystems from the impacts of high levels of urbanization. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov NR 48 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 385 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9034-x PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 139TJ UT WOS:000244455200005 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, W August, PV Wang, YQ Paul, JF Gold, A Rubinstein, N AF Rodriguez, Wilfrid August, Peter V. Wang, Yeqiao Paul, John F. Gold, Arthur Rubinstein, Norman TI Empirical relationships between land use/cover and estuarine condition in the Northeastern United States SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landscape analysis; estuarine condition; water quality; GIS ID COASTAL WATER-QUALITY; WAQUOIT BAY; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; MID-ATLANTIC; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; MASSACHUSETTS; CONSEQUENCES; MARINE; ENRICHMENT AB Land-water interactions were examined in three regions in the Virginian Biogeographic Province; the southern shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts; the Hudson/Raritan region of New York; and the eastern shore of the Delmarva (Delaware/Maryland/Virginia) Peninsula. Cumulative distribution functions were used to evaluate similarity in environmental condition among estuaries. Spatial-setting variables (location in a river, coastal lagoon, or in open waters) were associated with variation for some measures of estuarine condition. Patterns of coastal urban and agriculture gradients were measured and their relationship with indicators of estuarine condition was modeled statistically. When estuaries were pooled, the highest variation explained by spatial-setting variables was found for dissolved oxygen (DO, R-2 = 0.44) and salinity (R-2 = 0.58), with DO decreasing in river locations and salinity decreasing with rainfall and sampling locations near rivers. The explanatory power for the other indicator variables was low and varied from 6% to 27%. Rainfall explained some of the variation (R-2 = 0.23) in total suspended solids. Moderate (0.4 < vertical bar r vertical bar < 0.7) to strong (vertical bar r vertical bar 0.7) linear associations were found between total urban area and measures of estuarine condition. Within regions, total urban area was positively associated with Silver (r = 0.59), Cadmium (r = 0.65), and Mercury (r = 0.47) in Cape Cod, and inversely related to DO (r = -0.65) in the Hudson/Raritan region. No associations were found in the Delmarva Peninsula study area. Total area of agriculture showed a moderate association with Arsenic in Cape Cod, but no other associations were found in the other two regions. Our analyses show a measurable impact of urban land use on coastal ecosystem condition over large areas of the northeastern United States. This pattern was most evident when many different landscapes were considered simultaneously. The relationship between urban development and estuarine condition were weaker within the individual regions studied. The use of land use/cover models for predicting estuarine condition is a challenging task that warrants enhancements in the type, quantity, and quality of data to improve our ability to discern relationships between anthropogenic activities on land and the condition of coastal environments. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Rodriguez, W (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Lippit Rd,Bliss Hall Room 308C, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM wrg@etal.uri.edu NR 77 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 403 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9036-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 139TJ UT WOS:000244455200006 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI Epigenetic processes and cancer risk assessment SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE dose-response characteristics; metastatic tumor; histones; methylation; chromatin remodeling ID HUMAN-DISEASE; LEADS AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment encourages the use of mechanistic data in the assessment of human cancer risk at low (environmental) exposure levels. The key events that define a particular mode of action for tumor formation have been concentrated to date more on mutational responses that are broadly the result of induced DNA damage and enhanced cell proliferation. While it is clear that these processes are important in terms of tumor induction, other modes that fall under the umbrella of epigenetic responses are increasingly being considered to play an important role in susceptibility to tumor induction by environmental chemicals and as significant modifiers of tumor responses. Alterations in gene expression, DNA repair, cell cycle control, genome stability and genome reprogramming could be the result of modification of DNA methylafion and chromatin remodeling patterns as a consequence of exposure to environmental chemicals. These concepts are described and discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 616 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.11.002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 143YC UT WOS:000244761300003 PM 17147955 ER PT J AU King, AA Shaughnessy, DT Mure, K Leszczynska, J Ward, WO Umbach, DM Xu, ZL Ducharme, D Taylor, JA DeMarini, DM Klein, CB AF King, Audrey A. Shaughnessy, Daniel T. Mure, Kanae Leszczynska, Joanna Ward, William O. Umbach, David M. Xu, Zongli Ducharme, Danica Taylor, Jack A. DeMarini, David M. Klein, Catherine B. TI Antimutagenicity of cinnamaldehyde and vanillin in human cells: Global gene expression and possible role of DNA damage and repair SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cinnamaldehyde; vanillin; spontaneous mutagenesis; microarray; comet assay; human cells; HPRT ID CHINESE-HAMSTER-CELLS; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MITOMYCIN-C; SPONTANEOUS MUTAGENESIS; SPONTANEOUS MUTATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SOMATIC-CELLS AB Vanillin (VAN) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are dietary flavorings that exhibit antimmagenic activity against mutagen-induced and spontaneous mutations in bacteria. Although these compounds were antimutagenic against chromosomal mutations in mammalian cells, they have not been studied for antimutagenesis against spontaneous gene mutations in mammalian cells. Thus, we initiated studies with VAN and CIN in human mismatch repair-deficient (hMLH1(-)) HCT 116 colon cancer cells, which exhibit high spontaneous mutation rates (mutations/cell/generation) at the HPRT locus, permitting analysis of antimutagenic effects of agents against spontaneous mutation. Long-term (1-3 weeks) treatment of HCT1 16 cells with VAN at minimally toxic concentralions (0.5-2.5 mM) reduced the spontaneous HPRT mutant fraction (MR, mutants/10(6) survivors) in a concentration-related manner by 19-73%. A similar treatment with CIN at 2.5-7.5 mu M yielded a 13-56% reduction of the spontaneous MR Short-term (4-h) treatments also reduced the spontaneous MF by 64% (VAN) and 31% (CIN). To investigate the mechanisms of antimmagenesis, we evaluated the ability of VAN and CIN to induce DNA damage (comet assay) and to alter global gene expression (Affymetrix GeneChip((R))) after 4-h treatments. Both VAN and CIN induced DNA damage in both mismatch repair-proficient (HCT116 + chr3) and deficient (HCT 116) cells at concentrations that were antimutagenic in HCT 116 cells. There were 64 genes whose expression was changed similarly by both VAN and CIN; these included genes related to DNA damage, stress responses, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and cell growth. RT-PCR results paralleled the Affymetrix results for four selected genes (HMOX1, DDIT4, GCLM, and CLK4). Our results show for the first time that VAN and CIN are antimutagenic against spontaneous mutations in mammalian (human) cells. These and other data lead us to propose that VAN and CIN may induce DNA damage that elicits recombinational DNA repair, which reduces spontaneous mutations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10988 USA. DHHS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Wakayama Med Coll, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Wakayama 6418509, Japan. US Environm Protect Agcy, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Klein, CB (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10988 USA. EM kleinc@env.med.nyu.edu OI xu, zongli/0000-0002-9034-8902; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [CA016087, P30 CA016087, R03 CA089732-02, R03 CA89732]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES000260, P30 ES000260, P30 ES000260-40, P30 ES000260-409021, P30 ES000260-41, P30 ES000260-419021, P30 ES000260-42, P30 ES000260-429021, T32 ES007324, T32 ES007324-05] NR 48 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 616 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.11.022 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 143YC UT WOS:000244761300008 PM 17178418 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Boyes, WK Shafer, TJ Bale, AS Benignus, VA AF Bushnell, Philip J. Boyes, William K. Shafer, Timothy J. Bale, Ambuia S. Benignus, Vernon A. TI Approaches to extrapolating animal toxicity data on organic solvents to public health SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA SP ICOH, Comm Neurotoxicol & Psychophysiol DE extrapolation; toluene; dose-response assessment; cost-benefit analysis; ethanol; dose-equivalence relationship ID MULTICENTER FIELD TRIAL; EXPOSURE; TOLUENE; WORKERS; HUMANS AB Synthesizing information about the acute neurotoxicity of organic solvents into predictive relationships between exposure and effect in humans is difficult because (1) data are usually derived from experimental animals whose sensitivity to the chemical relative to humans is unknown; (2) the specific endpoints measured in laboratory animals seldom translate into effects of concern in humans; and (3) the mode of action of the chemical is rarely understood. We sought to develop approaches to estimate the hazard and cost of exposure to organic solvents, focusing on the acute behavioral effects of toluene in rats and humans. Available published data include studies of shock avoidance behavior in rats and choice reaction time in humans. A meta-analysis of these data suggested that a 10% change in rat avoidance behavior occurs at a blood concentration of toluene 25 times higher than the concentration at which a 10% change in human choice reaction time occurs. In contrast, our in vitro studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors indicated that human and rat receptors do not differ in sensitivity to toluene. Analysis of other dose-response relationships for visual and cognitive functions in rats suggests that the apparent difference between rats and humans may be driven by the specific endpoints measured in the two species rather than by inherent differences in sensitivity to toluene. We also explored the hypothesis that dose-equivalence relationships may be used to compare the societal costs of two chemicals. For example, ethanol-induced changes in choice reaction time, for which societal costs are estimatable, may be used as a benchmark effect for estimating the monetary benefits of controlling exposure to organic solvents. This dose-equivalence method is applicable for solvents because this set of data fulfills three important assumptions about equivalence relationships based on a single effect: (1) a common dose metric (concentration of the chemical in the brain); (2) a common effect to provide a linking variable (choice reaction time); and (3) a common mode of action (interference with neuronal ion channel function). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B-105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.013 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 184LV UT WOS:000247644000006 PM 16684563 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Samsam, TE Oshiro, WA Bushnell, PJ AF Gordon, Christopher J. Samsam, Tracey E. Oshiro, Wendy A. Bushnell, Philip J. TI Cardiovascular effects of oral toluene exposure in the rat monitored by radiotelemetry SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiotelemetry; heart rate; tachycardia; volatile organic compounds ID TEMPERATURE REGULATION; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; INHALATION AB Toluene is a hazardous air pollutant that can be toxic to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. The cardiotoxicity data for toluene come from acute studies in anesthetized animals and from clinical observations made on toluene abusers and there is little known on the response of the cardiovascular and other autonomic processes to graded doses of toluene. This study assessed the effects of toluene (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg; gavage) on heart rate (HR), blood pressure, core temperature (T-c), and motor activity (MA) in unrestrained, male Long-Evans rats monitored by telemetry. Toluene doses of 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg elicited significant elevations in HR, characterized by a transient 100 beats/min increase in HR lasting 1 h followed with a steady state tachycardia lasting > 6 h. Overall, HR increased by 25 and 50 beats/min in the 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg groups, respectively. MA increased markedly in the 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg groups but the tachycardia persisted in spite of recovery of MA in the 0.8 g/kg group. There was a small (< 0.5 degrees C) increase in T-c above controls in rats dosed with 0.8 g/kg toluene, whereas 1.2 g/kg toluene elicited a transient reduction in T-c followed by a small elevation lasting several hours. In a second study, rats were implanted with transmitters to monitor blood pressure (BP), and were administered with toluene as in the first study. HR, T,, and MA were also monitored. The tachycardic effects of toluene at 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg were associated with a rise in blood pressure. Doses of 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg elicited a mean BP elevation of 6 and 16 mm, Hg, respectively, for 7-hour post-dosing. The biphasic tachycardia to toluene suggests multiple sites for eliciting the cardiotoxic effects of this toxicant. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-04,109 S TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.10.004 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 157IQ UT WOS:000245712600006 PM 17140765 ER PT J AU Oshiro, WM Krantz, QT Bushnell, PJ AF Oshiro, Wendy M. Krantz, Q. Todd Bushnell, Philip J. TI Repeated inhalation of toluene by rats performing a signal detection task leads to behavioral tolerance on some performance measures SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attention; organic solvent; rat; signal detection; tolerance; toluene ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE; ACUTE EXPOSURE; AMPHETAMINE; MECHANISMS; MODEL; MICE AB Previous work showed that trichloroethylene (TCE) impairs sustained attention as evidenced by a reduction in accuracy and elevation of response latencies in rats trained to perform a visual signal detection task (SDT). This work also showed that these effects abate during repeated exposures if rats inhale TCE while performing the SDT. The present experiment sought to determine whether toluene, another commonly-used solvent, would induce tolerance similarly if inhaled repeatedly during SDT testing. Sixteen male, Long-Evans rats were trained to perform the SDT. Upon completion of training, rats were divided into 2 groups. In Phase I, concentration-effect functions were determined for toluene (0, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400 ppm) in both groups. Toluene reduced the proportion of correct responses [P(correct)], and increased response time (RT) and response failures. In Phase II, Group-Tol inhaled 1600 ppm toluene while Group-Air inhaled clean air during 11 daily SDT sessions. In Group-Tol the effect of toluene on P(correct) abated after 3 days, while RT remained elevated for the duration of the repeated exposures. In Phase III, toluene concentration-effect functions were re-determined for both groups. Group-Air remained impaired on all test measures, whereas for Group-Tol, toluene did not reduce P(correct), but continued to increase RT. These data confirm our previous hypothesis that animals can develop tolerance to chemical exposures that impair appetitively-motivated behaviors if that impairment leads to loss of reinforcement. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epamail.epa.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.001 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 157IQ UT WOS:000245712600008 PM 17175136 ER PT J AU Rogers, SW Moorman, TB Ong, SK AF Rogers, Shane W. Moorman, Thomas B. Ong, Say Kee TI Fluorescent in situ hybridization and micro-autoradiography applied to ecophysiology in soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CATALYZED REPORTER DEPOSITION; AUTOTROPHIC NITRIFYING BIOFILMS; BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; GREEN NONSULFUR BACTERIA; AUTOMATED IMAGE-ANALYSIS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; DNA G+C CONTENT AB Soil microbial communities perform many important processes, including nutrient cycling, plant-microorganism interactions, and degradation of xenobiotics. The study of microbial communities, however, has been limited by cultural methods, which may greatly underestimate diversity. The advent of nucleic acids technologies allows microbial communities to be quantified and classified without the limitations of cultivation. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and other tools of molecular ecology are now being used to investigate community structure and diversity of soils, aquifers, and other natural habitats. Based on these studies, soil microbial communities are diverse and appear to respond to anthropogenic inputs, such as fertilizer, manure, and pollutants, as well as the more well-known constraints imposed by temperature and moisture. Yet most nucleic-acids-based technologies are unable to directly link phylogeny with processes in a manner similar to cultivation-based approaches, restricting the conclusions that can be drawn from the large data sets they generate. Recently, the combination of FISH with microautoradiography (FISH-MAR) allows cells active in processes to be quantified and simultaneously classified phylogenetically. In this review, we discuss how FISH-MAR can be used to quantify the specific microbial phylotype(s) responsible for a microbially catalyzed process. Examples of the use of FISH and FISH-MAR in soils and sediments are described. The capabilities and limitations of these techniques for linking microbial community structure and function are discussed. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 421, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rogers.shane@epa.gov RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013; OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279; Rogers, Shane/0000-0003-4488-5122 NR 121 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 620 EP 631 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0105 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147CJ UT WOS:000244980700043 ER PT J AU Paoletti, E Bytnerowicz, A Andersen, C Augustaitis, A Ferretti, M Grulke, N Gunthardt-Goerg, MS Innes, J Johnson, D Karnosky, D Luangjame, J Matyssek, R McNulty, S Muller-Starck, G Musselman, R Percy, K AF Paoletti, Elena Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Andersen, Chris Augustaitis, Algirdas Ferretti, Marco Grulke, Nancy Guenthardt-Goerg, Madeleine S. Innes, John Johnson, Dale Karnosky, Dave Luangjame, Jesada Matyssek, Rainer McNulty, Steven Mueller-Starck, Gerhard Musselman, Robert Percy, Kevin TI Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems - Emerging research needs SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE air pollutants; forests; global change; state of the art AB Outcomes from the 22nd meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems "Forests under Anthropogenic Pressure - Effects of Air Pollution, Climate Change and Urban Development", September 10-16, 2006, Riverside, CA, are summarized. Tropospheric or ground-level ozone (O-3) is still the phytotoxic air pollutant of major interest. Challenging issues are how to make O-3 standards or critical levels more biologically based and at the same time practical for wide use; quantification of plant detoxification processes in flux modeling; inclusion of multiple environmental stresses in critical load determinations; new concept development for nitrogen saturation; interactions between air pollution, climate, and forest pests; effects of forest fire on air quality; the capacity of forests to sequester carbon under changing climatic conditions and coexposure to elevated levels of air pollutants; enhanced linkage between molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, and morphological traits. C1 CNR, Ist Prot Piante, I-50019 Florence, Italy. USDA Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Lithuanian Univ Agr, Forest Monitoring Lab, LT-4324 Kaunas, Lithuania. Linnaeambiente Ric Applicata Srl, I-50137 Florence, Italy. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8093 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Royal Forest Dept, Silvicultural Res Div, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol Ecophysiol Plants, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Fachgebiet Forstgenet, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. USDA Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5B7, Canada. RP Paoletti, E (reprint author), CNR, Ist Prot Piante, Via Madonna Piano 10, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Innes, John/E-4355-2013; Gunthardt-Goerg, Madeleine/L-6461-2013; Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Innes, John/0000-0002-7076-1222; Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 2 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.52 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400001 PM 17450274 ER PT J AU White, SS Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Villanueva, L Zehr, RD Helfant, L Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Thibodeaux, JR Wood, C Fenton, SE AF White, Sally S. Calafat, Antonia M. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Villanueva, LaTonya Zehr, Robert D. Helfant, Laurence Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Thibodeaux, Julie R. Wood, Carmen Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Gestational PFOA exposure of mice is associated with altered mammary gland development in dams and female offspring SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mammary gland; PFOA; lactation; development; pregnancy ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; IN-UTERO; RAT; FLUOROCHEMICALS; GROWTH; MOUSE; TRANSPORT AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with diverse and widespread commercial and industrial applications, has been detected in human and wildlife sera. Previous mouse studies linked prenatal PFOA exposure to decreased neonatal body weights (BWs) and survival in a dose-dependent manner. To determine whether effects were linked to gestational time of exposure or to subsequent lactational changes, timed-pregnant CD-1 mice were orally dosed with 5 mg PFOA/kg on gestation days (GD) 1-17, 8-17, 12-17, or vehicle on GD 1-17. PFOA exposure had no effect on maternal weight gain or number of live pups born. Mean pup BWs on postnatal day (PND) 1 in all PFOA-exposed groups were significantly reduced and decrements persisted until weaning. Mammary glands from lactating dams and female pups on PND 10 and 20 were scored based on differentiation or developmental stages. A significant reduction in mammary differentiation among dams exposed GD 1-17 or 8-17 was evident on PND 10. On PND 20, delays in normal epithelial involution and alterations in milk protein gene expression were observed. All exposed female pups displayed stunted mammary epithelial branching and growth at PND 10 and 20. While control litters at PND 10 and 20 had average scores of 3.1 and 3.3, respectively, all treated litters had scores of 1.7 or less, with no progression of duct epithelial growth evident over time. BW was an insignificant covariate for these effects. These findings suggest that in addition to gestational exposure, abnormal lactational development of dams may play a role in early growth retardation of developmentally exposed offspring. C1 US EPA, Reprod Technol Div, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Technol Div, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-67,2525 E Highway 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32ES001726-22] NR 34 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl177 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 136ZP UT WOS:000244262900015 PM 17132714 ER PT J AU Padilla, S Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Lowit, A AF Padilla, S. Marshall, R. S. Hunter, D. L. Lowit, A. TI Time course of cholinesterase inhibition in adult rats treated acutely with carbaryl, carbofuran, formetanate, methomyl, methiocarb, oxamyl or propoxur SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbamate; pesticide; in vivo; rat; cholinesterase; reactivation; red blood cell cholinesterase; brain cholinesterase; toxicity ID RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM; PREGNANT RATS; CARBAMATE; TOXICITY; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INSECTICIDE; TISSUES; ANIMALS AB To compare the toxicity of seven N-methyl carbamates, time course profiles for brain and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition were established for each. Adult, male, Long Evans rats (n=4-5 dose group) were dosed orally with either carbaryl (30 mg/kg in corn oil); carbofuran (0.5 mg/kg in corn oil); formetanate HCl (10 mg/kg in water); methomyl (3 mg/kg in water); methiocarb (25 mg/kg in corn oil); oxamyl (1 mg/kg in water); or propoxur (20 mg/kg in corn oil). This level of dosing produced at least 40% brain ChE inhibition. Brain and blood were taken from 0.5 to 24 h after dosing for analysis of ChE activity using two different methods: (1) a radiometric method which limits the amount of reactivation of ChE activity, and (2) a spectrophotometric method (Ellman method using traditional, unmodified conditions) which may encourage reactivation. The time of peak ChE inhibition was similar for all seven N-methyl carbamate pesticides: 0.5-1.0 h after dosing. By 24 h, brain and RBC ChE activity in all animals returned to normal. The spectrophotometric method underestimated ChE inhibition. Moreover, there was a strong, direct correlation between brain and RBC ChE activity (radiometric assay) for all seven compounds combined (r(2) = 0.73, slope 1.1), while the spectrophotometric analysis of the same samples showed a poor correlation (r(2)=0.09). For formetanate, propoxur, methomyl, and methiocarb, brain and RBC ChE inhibitions were not different over time, but for carbaryl, carbofuran and oxamyl, the RBC ChE was slightly more inhibited than brain ChE. These data indicate (1) the radiometric method is superior for analyses of ChE activity in tissues from carbamate-treated animals (2) that animals treated with these N-methyl carbamate pesticides are affected rapidly, and recover rapidly, and (3) generally, assessment of RBC ChE is an accurate predictor of brain ChE inhibition for these seven pesticides. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Neurotoxicol Div, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Pesticide Program, OPPTS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Neurotoxicol Div, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Padilla.Stephanie@epa.gov; Marshall.renee@epa.gov; Hunter.deborah@epa.gov; Lowit.anna@epa.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 219 IS 2-3 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.010 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 145VF UT WOS:000244893200015 PM 17197007 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B DeAngelis, DL AF Rashleigh, Brenda DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Conditions for coexistence of freshwater mussel species via partitioning of fish host resources SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE resource partitioning; freshwater mussels; invasibility analysis; limiting similarity ID COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE; LIMITING SIMILARITY; UNIONID MUSSELS; TRADE-OFFS; PROMOTES COEXISTENCE; NICHE OVERLAP; MODELS; ENVIRONMENTS; GLOCHIDIA; BIVALVIA AB Riverine freshwater mussel species can be found in highly diverse communities where many similar species coexist. Mussel species potentially compete for food and space as adults, and for fish host resources during the larval (glochidial) stage. Resource partitioning at the larval stage may promote coexistence. A model of resource utilization was developed for two mussel species and analyzed to determine conditions for coexistence. Mussel species were predicted to coexist when they diffeied in terms of their success in contacting different fish host species; very similar strategies offered limited possibilities for coexistence. Differences in the mussel species' maximum infestation loads on the fish hosts that coincided with differences in their fish host contact success promoted coexistence. Mussel species with a given set of trade-offs in fish host use were predicted to coexist only for a subset of relative fish host abundances, so a shift in relative fish host abundances could result in the loss of a mussel species. An understanding of the conditions for freshwater mussel species coexistence can help explain high mussel diversity in rivers and guide ongoing conservation activities. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Miami, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Rashleigh.Brenda@epa.gov NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.009 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137GX UT WOS:000244282200007 ER PT J AU Bushel, PR Wolfinger, RD Gibson, G AF Bushel, Pierre R. Wolfinger, Russell D. Gibson, Greg TI Simultaneous clustering of gene expression data with clinical chemistry and pathological evaluations reveals phenotypic prototypes SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; MICROARRAY DATA; PROFILES; ACETAMINOPHEN; RAT; TOXICOGENOMICS; DISCOVERY; PREDICTION; TOXICOLOGY; ONTOLOGY AB Background: Commonly employed clustering methods for analysis of gene expression data do not directly incorporate phenotypic data about the samples. Furthermore, clustering of samples with known phenotypes is typically performed in an informal fashion. The inability of clustering algorithms to incorporate biological data in the grouping process can limit proper interpretation of the data and its underlying biology. Results: We present a more formal approach, the modk-prototypes algorithm, for clustering biological samples based on simultaneously considering microarray gene expression data and classes of known phenotypic variables such as clinical chemistry evaluations and histopathologic observations. The strategy involves constructing an objective function with the sum of the squared Euclidean distances for numeric microarray and clinical chemistry data and simple matching for histopathology categorical values in order to measure dissimilarity of the samples. Separate weighting terms are used for microarray, clinical chemistry and histopathology measurements to control the influence of each data domain on the clustering of the samples. The dynamic validity index for numeric data was modified with a category utility measure for determining the number of clusters in the data sets. A cluster's prototype, formed from the mean of the values for numeric features and the mode of the categorical values of all the samples in the group, is representative of the phenotype of the cluster members. The approach is shown to work well with a simulated mixed data set and two real data examples containing numeric and categorical data types. One from a heart disease study and another from acetaminophen ( an analgesic) exposure in rat liver that causes centrilobular necrosis. Conclusion: The modk-prototypes algorithm partitioned the simulated data into clusters with samples in their respective class group and the heart disease samples into two groups ( sick and buff denoting samples having pain type representative of angina and non-angina respectively) with an accuracy of 79%. This is on par with, or better than, the assignment accuracy of the heart disease samples by several well-known and successful clustering algorithms. Following modk-prototypes clustering of the acetaminophen-exposed samples, informative genes from the cluster prototypes were identified that are descriptive of, and phenotypically anchored to, levels of necrosis of the centrilobular region of the rat liver. The biological processes cell growth and/or maintenance, amine metabolism, and stress response were shown to discern between no and moderate levels of acetaminophen-induced centrilobular necrosis. The use of well-known and traditional measurements directly in the clustering provides some guarantee that the resulting clusters will be meaningfully interpretable. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. SAS Inst, Cary, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bushel, PR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM bushel@niehs.nih.gov; Russ.Wolfinger@sas.com; ggibson@ncsu.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD FEB 23 PY 2007 VL 1 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-1-15 PG 20 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 218FS UT WOS:000250002000001 PM 17408499 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Wade, P Mandell, KJ Akyildiz, A Parkos, CA Mrsny, RJ Nusrat, A AF Wang, Z. Wade, P. Mandell, K. J. Akyildiz, A. Parkos, C. A. Mrsny, R. J. Nusrat, A. TI Raf 1 represses expression of the tight junction protein occludin via activation of the zinc-finger transcription factor Slug SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE TJ; occluding; Slug; Raf 1 ID EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITIONS; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; DOWN-REGULATION; FACTOR SNAIL; TUMOR-CELLS; CANCER; KINASE; BREAST; RAS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Although dysregulation of tight junction (TJ) proteins is observed in epithelial malignancy, their participation in epithelial transformation is poorly understood. Recently we demonstrated that expression of oncogenic Raf 1 in Pa4 epithelial cells disrupts TJs and induces an oncogenic phenotype by downregulating expression of the TJ protein, occludin. Here we report the mechanism by which Raf 1 regulates occludin expression. Raf 1 inhibited occludin transcription by repressing a minimal segment of the occludin promoter in concert with upregulation of the transcriptional repressor, Slug without influencing the well-documented transcriptional repressor, Snail. Overexpression of Slug in Pa4 cells recapitulated the effect of Raf 1 on occludin expression, and depletion of Slug by small interfering RNA abrogated the effect of Raf 1 on occludin. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and site- directed mutagenesis demonstrated a direct interaction between Slug and an E-box within the minimal Raf 1-responsive segment of the occludin promoter. These findings support a role of Slug in mediating Raf 1-induced transcriptional repression of occludin and subsequent epithelial to mesenchymal transition. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Epithelial Pathobiol Res Unit, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Unity Pharmaceut, Los Altos Hills, CA USA. RP Nusrat, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Epithelial Pathobiol Res Unit, 615 Michael St,Room 105E, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM anusrat@emory.edu RI Nusrat, Asma/B-3887-2009; Parkos, Charles/B-3896-2009 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 59888, DK 61379] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD FEB 22 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1222 EP 1230 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1209902 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 139BG UT WOS:000244406400012 PM 16924233 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Preparation of novel metallic and bimetallic cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites under microwave irradiation SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metallic and bimetallic; microwave irradiation; nanocomposites; nanoparticle synthesis; poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinking; synthesis ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FABRICATION; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCABLES; ROUTE; FILMS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY AB A facile method utilizing microwave irradiation is described that accomplishes the cross-linking reaction of PVA with metallic and bimetallic systems. Nanocomposites of PVA-cross-linked metallic systems such as Pt, Cu, and In and bimetallic systems such as Pt-In, Ag-Pt, Pt-Fe, Cu-Pd, Pt-Pd and Pd-Fe were prepared expeditiously by reacting the respective metal salts with 3 wt.-% PVA under microwave irradiation, maintaining the temperature at 100 degrees C, a radical improvement over the methods for preparing cross-linked PVA described in the literature. The general preparative procedure is versatile and provides a simple route to manufacturing useful metallic and bimetallic nanocomposites with various shapes, such as. nanospheres, nanodendrites and nanocubes. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 EI 1521-3927 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1002/marc.200600735 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 145GR UT WOS:000244853800013 ER PT J AU Oelschlaeger, P Klahn, M Beard, WA Wilson, SH Warshel, A AF Oelschlaeger, Peter Klahn, Marco Beard, William A. Wilson, Samuel H. Warshel, Arieh TI Magnesium-cationic dummy atom molecules enhance representation of DNA polymerase beta in molecular dynamics simulations: Improved accuracy in studies of structural features and mutational effects SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metalloenzyme; DNA polymerase; molecular dynamics; magnesium ion; mutation ID FREE-ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ACTIVE-SITE; FORCE-FIELD; MECHANISM; PROTEINS; FIDELITY; BINDING; COMPLEXES; CATALYSIS AB Human DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) fills gaps in DNA as part of base excision DNA repair. Due to its small size it is a convenient model enzyme for other DNA polymerases. Its active site contains two Mg2+ ions, of which one binds an incoming dNTP and one catalyzes its condensation with the DNA primer strand. Simulating such binuclear metalloenzymes accurately but computationally efficiently is a challenging task. Here, we present a magnesium-cationic dummy atom approach that can easily be implemented in molecular mechanical force fields such as the ENZYMIX or the AMBER force fields. All properties investigated here, namely, structure and energetics of both Michaelis complexes and transition state (TS) complexes were represented more accurately using the magnesium-cationic dummy atom model than using the traditional one-atom representation for Mg2+ ions. The improved agreement between calculated free energies of binding of TS models to different pol variants and the experimentally determined activation free energies indicates that this model will be useful in studying mutational effects on catalytic efficiency and fidelity of DNA polymerases. The model should also have broad applicability to the modeling of other magnesium-containing proteins. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Oelschlaeger, P (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM poelschl@usc.edu; warshel@usc.edu RI Klahn, Marco/A-6022-2008 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [5U19CA105010, U19 CA105010, U19 CA105010-040001]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM021422-23, R01 GM021422, R01GM21422] NR 43 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD FEB 16 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 2 BP 687 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.095 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 135WH UT WOS:000244184100029 PM 17174326 ER PT J AU Pattanaik, S Huggins, FE Huffman, GP Linak, WP Miller, CA AF Pattanaik, Sidhartha Huggins, Frank E. Huffman, Gerald P. Linak, William P. Miller, C. Andrew TI XAFS studies of nickel and sulfur speciation in residual oil fly-ash particulate matters (ROFA PM) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FUEL-OIL; SOLUBLE METALS; PARTICLES; COMBUSTION; DIFFRACTION; PULMONARY; DAMAGE; CELLS; EXAFS AB XAFS spectroscopy has been employed to evaluate the effect of fuel compositions and combustion conditions on the amount, form, and distribution of sulfur and nickel in size-fractionated ROFA PM. Analysis of S K-edge XANES establish that sulfate is abundant in all PM. However, depending upon the combustion conditions, lesser amounts of thiophenic sulfur, metal sulfide, and elemental sulfur may also be observed. Least- squares fitting of Ni K-edge XANES reveals that most of the nickel in PM is present as bioavailable NiSO4.nH(2)O. The insoluble Ni mainly exists as a minor species, as nickel ferrite in PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 Am) and nickel sulfide, NixSy in PM2.5+ (PM > 2.5 Am). The Ni K-edge XANES results are in agreement with the EXAFS data. Such detailed speciation of Ni and S in PM is needed for determining their mobility, bioavailability, and reactivity, and hence, their role in PM toxicity. This information is also important for understanding the mechanism of PM formation, developing effective remediation measures, and providing criteria for identification of potential emission sources. Transition metals complexing with sulfur is ubiquitous in nature. Therefore, this information on metal sulfur complex can be critical to a large body of environmental literature. C1 Cent Electrochem Res Inst, Karaikkudi 630006, Tamil Nadu, India. Univ Kentucky, CFFS, CME, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NRMRI, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pattanaik, S (reprint author), Cent Electrochem Res Inst, Karaikkudi 630006, Tamil Nadu, India. EM sidpattanaik@yahoo.com RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009; Miller, Andrew/C-5777-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1021/es061635 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135NZ UT WOS:000244161600011 PM 17593706 ER PT J AU Arabi, M Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM AF Arabi, Mazdak Govindaraju, Rao S. Hantush, Mohamed M. TI A probabilistic approach for analysis of uncertainty in the evaluation of watershed management practices SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE water quality modeling; non-point source; pollution; BMPs; GLUE; OAT ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; CALIBRATION; SEDIMENT; METHODOLOGY; PREDICTION; RUNOFF; IMPACT; SAFETY AB A computational framework is presented for analyzing the uncertainty in model estimates of water quality benefits of best management practices (BMPs) in two small (< 10 km(2)) watersheds in Indiana. The analysis specifically recognizes the significance of the difference between the magnitude of uncertainty associated with absolute hydrologic and water quality predictions, and uncertainty in estimated benefits of BMPs. The Soil and Water Assessment Toot (SWAT) is integrated with Monte Carlo-based simulations, aiming at (1) adjusting the suggested range of model. parameters to more realistic site-specific ranges based on observed data, and (2) computing a scaled distribution function to assess the effectiveness of BMPs. A three-step procedure based on the One-factor-At-a-Time (OAT) sensitivity analysis and the Generalized Liketihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) was implemented for the two study watersheds. Results indicate that the suggested range of some SWAT parameters, especially the ones that are used to determine the transport capacity of channel network and initial concentration of nutrients in soils, required site-specific adjustment. It was evident that uncertainties associated with sediment and nutrient outputs of the model were too large, perhaps limiting its application for point estimates of design quantities. However, the estimated effectiveness of BMPs sampled at different points in the parameter space varied by less than 10% for all variables of interest. This suggested that BMP effectiveness could be ascertained with good confidence using models, thus making it suitable for use in watershed management plans such as the EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program. The potential impact of our analysis on utility of models and model uncertainties in decision-making process is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Govindaraju, RS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 1284 Civil Engn Bldg,550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM govind@ecn.purdue.edu OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 41 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 333 IS 2-4 BP 459 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 135NS UT WOS:000244160900022 ER PT J AU Stifelman, M AF Stifelman, Marc TI Using doubly-labeled water measurements of human energy expenditure to estimate inhalation rates SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE inhalation; risk assessment; energy expenditure; doubly-labeled water ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; EXERCISE AB Doubly-labeled water (DLW) data is recognized as an improvement over alternative methods to quantify human energy expenditure. Previously, energy expenditure has been estimated indirectly using heart-rate monitoring, calorimetry, or accelerometer measurements. Inhalation rate estimates can benefit from improved energy expenditure estimates using equations developed by Layton. DLW methods are advantageous for several reasons: the database is robust, they are direct measures, subjects are free-living, and the observation period is longer than what is possible from staged activity measures. DLW energy data is an improvement over previous inhalation estimates based on dietary recall survey data. Mean long-term inhalation rates of 16 m(3)/day and 13 m(3)/day, for physically active adult men and women, respectively, were derived based on DLW estimates of energy expended. The range of human energy expenditure is narrow with the maximum energy expenditure not likely greater than twice the minimum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Environm Protect Agcy, Risk Evaluat Unit, Off Environm Assessment, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Stifelman, M (reprint author), USA, Environm Protect Agcy, Risk Evaluat Unit, Off Environm Assessment, Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,Mail Stop OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM stifelman.marc@epa.gov RI Stifelman, Marc/A-8041-2009 OI Stifelman, Marc/0000-0002-0913-3745 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 373 IS 2-3 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.041 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142DJ UT WOS:000244629100016 PM 17234257 ER PT J AU Makkuni, A Varma, RS Sikdar, SK Bhattacharyya, D AF Makkuni, A. Varma, R. S. Sikdar, S. K. Bhattacharyya, D. TI Vapor phase mercury sorption by organic sulfide modified bimetallic iron-copper nanoparticle aggregates SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-IMPREGNATED ADSORBENTS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FLUE-GAS; BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION; ACTIVATED CARBONS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NONAQUEOUS MEDIA; REMOVAL; METAL; IONS AB Novel organic sulfide modified bimetallic iron-copper nanoparticle aggregate sorbent materials have been synthesized for removing elemental mercury from vapor streams at elevated temperatures (120-140 degrees C). Silane based (disulfide silane and tetrasulfide silane) and alkyl sulfide based (dibutyl disulfide) organic sulfide precursors were used in the sorbent development. The form and orientation of the organic sulfur molecules were found to play important roles in mercury sorption. In applications involving short contact times for sorbent materials, site accessibility, sorption rate, and dynamic capacity are the critical factors. The synthesized sorbents show high site accessibility and capacity, compared to the widely used sulfur-impregnated activated carbons for mercury removal. The proposed materials and the findings in the study have important industrial and environmental applications (e.g., sorbent materials for mercury removal from flue gases, development of fabric filter liners having extremely high capacity for mercury). C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM db@engr.uky.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1315 DI 10.1021/ie060713b PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 133GC UT WOS:000244000400037 ER PT J AU Berquo, TS Banerjee, SK Ford, RG Penn, RL Pichler, T AF Berquo, Thelma S. Banerjee, Subir K. Ford, Robert G. Penn, R. Lee Pichler, Thomas TI High crystallinity Si-ferrihydrite: An insight into its Neel temperature and size dependence of magnetic properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 6-LINE FERRIHYDRITE; SYNTHETIC FERRIHYDRITE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; ARTIFICIAL FERRITIN; STRUCTURAL MODEL; NANOPARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; CONSTITUTION AB [ 1] Ferrihydrite, an antiferromagnetic iron oxyhydroxide with resulting magnetization due to uncompensated spins, is of great importance for the cycling of many trace metals in the environment. Four ferrihydrite samples prepared with 1.3 to 3.5 wt% of Si at different synthesis temperatures (7.5 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 75 degrees C) were studied by temperature-dependent hysteresis loops, ZFC/FC susceptibility curves, ac susceptibility and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The incorporation of Si into the ferrihydrite during synthesis changed the properties of this mineral. Interestingly, seven sharp lines were observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the ferrihydrite samples prepared at 50 degrees C and 75 degrees C. In general, both XRD and magnetism demonstrate that particle size decreased ( from 23 nm to 2 nm) and particle size distribution narrowed as the synthesis temperature was lowered. Those samples prepared between 7.5 degrees C and 50 degrees C showed the expected superparamagnetic behavior of ferrihydrite below 300 K. The ferrihydrite prepared at 75 degrees C was unusually coarse-grained and had a blocking temperature above 300 K. Extrapolation of induced magnetization from the largest particles with the highest crystallinity allowed an estimate of a ferrihydrite Neel temperature of around 422 K. We also present XRD and magnetic data from large natural Si-ferrihydrite collected from a marine shallow-water hydrothermal area that formed at a temperature of approximately 88 degrees C. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Rock Magnetism, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Berquo, TS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Rock Magnetism, Dept Geol & Geophys, 310 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM berqu013@umn.edu RI Berquo, Thelma/D-6359-2013; Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B2 AR B02102 DI 10.1029/2006JB004583 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 138PG UT WOS:000244374100003 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Phillips, PM McDaniel, KL Sills, RC AF Moser, Virginia C. Phillips, Pamela M. McDaniel, Katherine L. Sills, Robert C. TI Neurotoxicological evaluation of two disinfection by-products, bromodichloromethane and dibromoacetonitrile, in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromodichloromethane; dibromoacetonitrile; disinfection by-products; neurotoxicity; behavior; neuropathology; rats ID 2-GENERATION REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; DRINKING-WATER; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; TRIHALOMETHANES; CHLOROFORM; EXPOSURE; MICE; HALOACETONITRILES; SPERMATOTOXICITY; BROMOFORM AB The Safe Drinking Water Act requires that the U.S. EPA consider noncancer endpoints for the assessment of adverse human health effects of disinfection by-products (DBPs). As an extension of our studies in which we demonstrated neurotoxicity at relatively low levels of dibromo- and dichloroacetic acids, we examined the potential neurotoxicity of other classes of DBPs. Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) were administered to male and female F-344 rats via drinking water for 6 months. During exposure, rats were tested for neurobehavioral effects using a functional observational battery and motor activity, followed by perfusion fixation for neuropathological evaluation at the end of exposure. Calculating for chemical loss. fluid consumption. and body weight, average intakes were approximately: 9, 27, and 72 mg/(kg day) BDCM, and 5, 12, and. 29 mg/(kg day) DBAN. Fluid consumption was decreased in most treatment groups, but body weight gain was altered only at the high concentrations. There were few neurobehavioral changes, and these were not considered toxicologically relevant. Of the general observations, there was only minimally decreased body tone in DBAN-treated high-dose males. Treatment-related neuropathological findings were not observed. Lowered fluid consumption was the most sensitive and consistent endpoint in the present studies. Thus, unlike the haloacetic acids, neurotoxicity may not be a concern for toxicity of halomethanes or haloacetonitriles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 230 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.007 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 138QI UT WOS:000244376900004 PM 17157428 ER PT J AU Yim, HW Slebos, RJC Randell, SH Umbach, DM Parsons, AM Rivera, MP Detterbeck, FC Taylor, JA AF Yim, Hyeon Woo Slebos, Robbert J. C. Randell, Scott H. Umbach, David M. Parsons, Alden M. Rivera, M. Patricia Detterbeck, Frank C. Taylor, Jack A. TI Smoking is associated with increased telomerase activity in short-term cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE telomerase activity; bronchial epithelial cells; smoking ID LUNG-CANCER; STEM-CELL; LIFE-SPAN; SMOKERS; METHYLATION; GROWTH; HTERT; HYPERMETHYLATION; IMMORTALIZATION; PROLIFERATION AB Telomerase plays an important role in the maintenance of telomere ends in normal and tumor cells and ectopic expression can immortalize human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. We assessed telomerase activation, growth proper-ties and methylation status in the hTERT promoter in a panel of HBE cell cultures in relation to smoking and previous lung cancer history. HBE cells were obtained from a total of 26 subjects, six of whom were lifelong non-smokers, while 20 subjects had a smoking history, including seven who had lung carcinoma. Telomerase activity was determined using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Maximum passage number and time to senescence were also determined through extended culturing. The distribution of the telomerase activity between ever-smokers and never-smokers was significantly different (P = 0.03, F-test), and there was a strong correlation between telomerase activity and the number of pack-years smoked (P=0.0012, F-test for slope). A small difference in telomerase activity was observed according to lung cancer status (P=0.02, F-test). Telomerase activity was not correlated with maximum passage number after extended culturing or with time to senescence. None of the HBE cultures demonstrated methylation of the hTERT promoter. Our results indicate an association between tobacco carcinogen exposure and telomerase activity in normal bronchial epithelium, although a causative role of tobacco smoking in the (re)activation of telomerase can not be proven. An increase in telomerase activity in normal bronchial epithelium might extend the lifespan of cells at risk for malignant transformation, and thus contribute to lung carcinogenesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Nashville, TN USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Taylor, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Mail Drop A3-01,Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM taylor@niehs.nih.gov OI taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.023 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 135LK UT WOS:000244154900003 PM 16517060 ER PT J AU Faulkner, BR Campana, ME AF Faulkner, B. R. Campana, M. E. TI Compartmental model of nitrate retention in streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; HEADWATER STREAMS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITROGEN; RIVERS; PERIPHYTON; KINETICS; EXCHANGE AB [ 1] A compartmental modeling approach is presented to route nitrate retention along a cascade of stream reach sections. A process transfer function is used for transient storage equations with first-order reaction terms to represent nitrate uptake in the free stream and denitrification in the storage regions. In the context of a short-term nitrate injection we define nitrate assimilative capacity as 1 - A, where the attenuation factor, A, is the fraction of injected nitrate mass that is flushed past the outlet of stream. Net exchange with groundwater is modeled by allowing free stream discharge to vary from one reach section to the next. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to compare results of the compartmental model with the OTIS numerical model. Out of 350 Monte Carlo simulations of a stream consisting of five reach sections the highest relative percent difference was 15%, most being well below 10%, as determined using moment analysis on breakthrough curves. Moment analysis on published experimental breakthrough curves showed assimilative capacities did not differ from those determined with the compartmental model by more than about 0.035 and were well within the uncertainty due to possible errors in measured stream metrics and net exchange with groundwater. The results show that the compartmental modeling approach, commonly used in analysis of groundwater data, can also be useful in evaluating nitrate retention in streams. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oregon State Univ, Inst Water & Watersheds, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Faulkner, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM faulkner.bart@epa.gov; aquadoc@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 8 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 AR W02406 DI 10.1029/2006WR004920 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 136ES UT WOS:000244206000002 ER PT J AU Burlinson, B Tice, RR Speit, G Agurell, E Brendler-Schwaab, SY Collins, AR Escobar, P Honma, M Kumaravel, TS Nakajima, M Sasaki, YF Thybaud, V Uno, Y Vasquez, M Hartmann, A AF Burlinson, Brian Tice, Raymond R. Speit, Gunter Agurell, Eva Brendler-Schwaab, Susanne Y. Collins, Andrew R. Escobar, Patricia Honma, Masamitsu Kumaravel, Tirukalikundram S. Nakajima, Madoka Sasaki, Yu F. Thybaud, Veronique Uno, Yoshifumi Vasquez, Marie Hartmann, Andreas TI Fourth International Workgroup on Genotoxicity Testing: Results of the in vivo Comet assay workgroup SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE single cell gel assay; Comet assay; DNA damage; genotoxicity; alkaline electrophoresis ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS ASSAY; MULTIPLE MOUSE ORGANS; DNA-DAMAGE; CELLS; RADIATION; PHENYLPHENOL; CHEMICALS; REPAIR AB As part of the Fourth International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT), held 9-10 September 2005 in San Francisco, California, an expert working group on the Comet assay was convened to review and discuss some of the procedures and methods recommended in previous documents. Particular attention was directed at the in vivo rodent, alkaline (pH > 13) version of the assay. The aim was to review those protocol areas which were unclear or which required more detail in order to produce a standardized protocol with maximum acceptability by international regulatory agencies. The areas covered were: number of dose levels required, cell isolation techniques, measures of cytotoxicity, scoring of comets (i.e., manually or by image analysis), and the need for historical negative/positive control data. It was decided that a single limit dose was not sufficient although the required number of dose levels was not stipulated. The method of isolating cells was thought not to have a qualitative effect on the assay but more data were needed before a conclusion could be drawn. Concurrent measures of cytotoxicity were required with histopathological examination of tissues for necrosis or apoptosis as the "Gold Standard". As for analysing the comets, the consensus was that image analysis was preferred but not required. Finally, the minimal number of studies required to generate a historical positive or negative control database was not defined; rather the emphasis was placed on demonstrating the stability of the negative/positive control data. It was also agreed that a minimum reporting standard would be developed which would be consistent with OECD in vivo genotoxicity test method guidelines. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Huntingdon Life Sci, Cellular & Mol Toxicol, Huntington PE28 4HS, Cambs, England. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Ulm Klinikum, Abt Humangenet, D-7900 Ulm, Germany. Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden. Fed Inst Drugs & Med Devices, Bonn, Germany. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. BioReliance, Invitrogen Bioserv, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo 158, Japan. Bio Safety Res Ctr, Shizuoka, Japan. Hachinohe Inst Technol, Hachinohe, Japan. Sanofi Aventis, Vitry Sur Seine, France. Mitsubishi Chem Safety Inst Ltd, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Novartis Pharma AG, Safety Profiling & Assessment, Basel, Switzerland. RP Burlinson, B (reprint author), Huntingdon Life Sci, Cellular & Mol Toxicol, Woolley Rd, Huntington PE28 4HS, Cambs, England. EM burlinsb@ukorg.huntingdon.com NR 30 TC 273 Z9 281 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD FEB 3 PY 2007 VL 627 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.08.011 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 134KG UT WOS:000244081300004 PM 17118697 ER PT J AU Tweats, DJ Blakey, D Heflich, RH Jacobs, A Jacobsen, SD Morita, T Nohmi, T O'Donovan, MR Sasaki, YF Sofuni, T Tice, R AF Tweats, D. J. Blakey, D. Heflich, R. H. Jacobs, A. Jacobsen, S. D. Morita, T. Nohmi, T. O'Donovan, M. R. Sasaki, Y. F. Sofuni, T. Tice, R. TI Report of the IWGT working group on strategies and interpretation of regulatory in vivo tests - I. Increases in micronucleated bone marrow cells in rodents that do not indicate genotoxic hazards SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE IWGT; genotoxicity tests; in vivo; rodent bone marrow; micronucleus; specificity; false positive; changes in physiology; hypothermia; hyperthermia; spindle disruption; erythropoiesis; bone marrow cell toxicity; pharmacologically related changes; regulatory implications ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES; ANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE; ERYTHROPOIETIN; HYPERTHERMIA; HYPOTHERMIA; INDUCTION; ASSAY; RATS; MICE AB In vivo genotoxicity tests play a pivotal role in genotoxicity testing batteries. They are used both to determine if potential genotoxicity observed in vitro is realised in vivo and to detect any genotoxic carcinogens that are poorly detected in vitro. It is recognised that individual in vivo genotoxicity tests have limited sensitivity but good specificity. Thus, a positive result from the established in vivo assays is taken as strong evidence for genotoxic carcinogenicity of the compound tested. However, there is a growing body of evidence that compound-related disturbances in the physiology of the rodents used in these assays can result in increases in micronucleated cells in the bone marrow that are not related to the intrinsic genotoxicity of the compound under test. For rodent bone marrow or peripheral blood micronucleus tests, these disturbances include changes in core body temperature (hypothermia and hyperthermia) and increases in erythropoiesis following prior toxicity to erythroblasts or by direct stimulation of cell division in these cells. This paper reviews relevant data from the literature and also previously unpublished data obtained from a questionnaire devised by the IWGT working group. Regulatory implications of these findings are discussed and flow diagrams have been provided to aid in interpretation and decision-making when such changes in physiology are suspected. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Ctr Mol Genet & Toxicol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. Hlth Canada, Safe Environm Programme, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Novo Nordisk AS, Malov, Denmark. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Safety Informat Drug Food & Chem, Tokyo 158, Japan. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 158, Japan. Safety Assessment UK, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Hachinohe Inst Technol, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 158, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tweats, DJ (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Ctr Mol Genet & Toxicol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. EM djtweats@fish.co.uk NR 45 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD FEB 3 PY 2007 VL 627 IS 1 SI SI BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.005 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 134KG UT WOS:000244081300008 PM 17116417 ER PT J AU Tweats, DJ Blakey, D Heflich, RH Jacobs, A Jacobsen, SD Morita, T Nohmi, T O'Donovan, MR Sasaki, YF Sofuni, T Tice, R AF Tweats, D. J. Blakey, D. Heflich, R. H. Jacobs, A. Jacobsen, S. D. Morita, T. Nohmi, T. O'Donovan, M. R. Sasaki, Y. F. Sofuni, T. Tice, R. TI Report of the IWGT working group on strategy/interpretation for regulatory in vivo tests - II. Identification of in vivo-only positive compounds in the bone marrow micronucleus test SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE IWGT; genotoxicity tests; in vivo; rodent bone marrow; micronucleus test; in vivo-only positive compounds; ADME; in vitro versus in vivo metabolism; sex-specific metabolism; influence of gut flora; pharmacological mechanisms; kinase inhibitors; regulatory implication; pharmaceuticals; cosmetics; food additives; in vitro-only genotoxicity test batteries ID ETHYL CARBAMATE URETHANE; CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSGENIC MICE; GENOTOXICITY; SALICYLAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; MUTAGENICITY; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; CELLS AB A survey conducted as part of an International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) has identified a number of compounds that appear to be more readily detected in vivo than in vitro. The reasons for this property varies from compound to compound and includes metabolic differences; the influence of gut flora; higher exposures in vivo compared to in vitro; effects on pharmacology, in particular folate depletion or receptor kinase inhibition. It is possible that at least some of these compounds are detectable in vitro if a specific in vitro test is chosen as part of the test battery, but the 'correct' choice of test may not always be obvious when testing a compound of unknown genotoxicity. It is noted that many of the compounds identified in this study interfere with cell cycle kinetics and this can result in either aneugenicity or chromosome breakage. A decision tree is outlined as a guide for the evaluation of compounds that appear to be genotoxic agents in vivo but not in vitro. The regulatory implications of these findings are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Ctr Mol Genet & Toxicol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. Hlth Canada, Safe Environm Programme, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Novo Nordisk AS, Malov, Denmark. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Safety Informat Drug Food & Chem, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 158, Japan. Safety Assessment UK, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Hachinohe Inst Technol, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 158, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tweats, DJ (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Ctr Mol Genet & Toxicol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. EM djtweats@fish.co.uk FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 40 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD FEB 3 PY 2007 VL 627 IS 1 SI SI BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.006 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 134KG UT WOS:000244081300009 PM 17113817 ER PT J AU Cao, D Tal, TL Graves, LM Gilmour, I Linak, W Reed, W Bromberg, PA Samet, JM AF Cao, Dongsun Tal, Tamara L. Graves, Lee M. Gilmour, Ian Linak, William Reed, William Bromberg, Philip A. Samet, James M. TI Diesel exhaust particulate-induced activation of Stat3 requires activities of EGFR and Src in airway epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; epidermal growth factor receptor; reactive oxygen species; human airway epithelial cells; diesel exhaust particles ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FACTOR RECEPTOR AB In vivo exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) elicits acute inflammatory responses in the lung characterized by inflammatory cell influx and elevated expression of mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins are a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that are key transducers of signaling in response to cytokine and growth factor stimulation. One member of the STAT family, Stat3, has been implicated as a regulator of inflammation but has not been studied in regard to DEP exposure. The results of this study show that DEP induces Stat3 phosphorylation as early as 1 h following stimulation and that phosphorylated Stat3 translocates into the nucleus. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src activities by the inhibitors PD-153035 and PP2, respectively, abolished the activation of Stat3 by DEP, suggesting that Stat3 activation by DEP requires EGFR and Src kinase activation. The present study suggests that oxidative stress induced by DEP may play a critical role in activating EGFR signaling, as evidenced by the fact that pretreatment with antioxidant prevented the activation of EGFR and Stat3. These findings demonstrate that DEP inhalation can activate proinflammatory Stat3 signaling in vitro. C1 Univ N Carolina, US EPA, Human Studies Div, Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, US EPA, Human Studies Div, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.james@epa.gov NR 57 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 292 IS 2 BP L422 EP L429 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00204.2006 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 134NV UT WOS:000244091000008 PM 17028263 ER PT J AU Whitehead, GS Wang, T DeGraff, LM Card, JW Lira, SA Graham, GJ Cook, DN AF Whitehead, Gregory S. Wang, Tie DeGraff, Laura M. Card, Jeffrey W. Lira, Sergio A. Graham, Gerard J. Cook, Donald N. TI The chemokine receptor D6 has opposing effects on allergic inflammation and airway reactivity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chemokines; lung; D6; allergic; transforming growth factor-beta ID ACTIVATION-REGULATED CHEMOKINE; MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE; ATOPIC ASTHMATICS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DECOY RECEPTOR; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; THYMUS; MICE; CCR4 AB Rationale: The D6 chemokine receptor can bind and scavenge several chemokines, including the T-helper 2 (Th2)-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Although D6 is constitutively expressed in the lung, its pulmonary function is unknown. Objectives: This study tested whether D6 regulates pulmonary chemokine levels, inflammation, or airway responsiveness during allergen-induced airway disease. Methods: D6-deficient and genetically matched C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. ELISA and flow cytometry were used to measure levels of cytokines and leukocytes, respectively. Mechanical ventilation was used to measure airway reactivity. Results: The ability of D6 to diminish chemokine levels in the lung was chemokine concentration dependent. CCL17 and CCL22 were abundant in the airway, and their levels were attenuated by D6 when they were within a defined concentration range. By contrast, airway concentrations of CCL3, CCL5, and CCL11 were low and unaffected by D6. Allergen-challenged D6-deficient mice had more dendritic cells, T cells, and eosinophils in the lung parenchyma and more eosinophils in the airway than similarly challenged C57BL/6 mice. By contrast, D6-deficient mice had reduced airway responses to methacholine compared with C57BL/6 mice. Thus, D6 has opposing effects on inflammation and airway reactivity. Conclusions: The ability of D6 to scavenge chemokines in the lung is dependent on chemokine concentration. The absence of D6 increases inflammation, but reduces airway reactivity. These findings suggest that inhibiting D6 function might be a novel means to attenuate airway responses in individuals with allergic asthma. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Immunobiol Ctr, New York, NY USA. Univ Glasgow, Div Immunol Infect & Inflammat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Cook, DN (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Room E244, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cookd@niehs.nih.gov RI Graham, Gerard/D-1240-2009; OI Graham, Gerard/0000-0002-7801-204X FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 34 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 175 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1164/rccm.200606-839OC PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 132NK UT WOS:000243949300008 PM 17095748 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL Stevens, R AF Jones-Lepp, T. L. Stevens, Rick TI Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids/sewage sludge: the interface between analytical chemistry and regulation SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE biosolids; sewage sludge; pharmaceuticals; analytical chemistry ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; LAND; FATE; SULFONAMIDES; ANTIBIOTICS AB Modern sanitary practices result in large volumes of human waste, as well as domestic and industrial sewage, being collected and treated at common collection points, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In recognition of the growing use of sewage sludge as fertilizers and soil amendments, and the scarcity of current data regarding the chemical constituents in sewage sludge, the US National Research Council (NRC) in 2002 produced a report on sewage sludge. Among the NRC's recommendations was the need for investigating the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge. PPCPs are a diverse array of non-regulated contaminants that had not been studied in previous sewage sludge surveys but which are likely to be present. The focus of this paper will be to review the current analytical methodologies available for investigating whether pharmaceuticals are present in WWTP-produced sewage sludge, to summarize current regulatory practices regarding sewage sludge, and to report on the presence of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 66 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 387 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1183 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0942-z PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 134EH UT WOS:000244065300007 PM 17131110 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Graubard, BI Longnecker, MP Stanczyk, FZ Klebanoff, MA McGlynn, KA AF Zhang, Yawei Graubard, Barry I. Longnecker, Matthew P. Stanczyk, Frank Z. Klebanoff, Mark A. McGlynn, Katherine A. TI Maternal hormone levels and perinatal characteristics: Implications for testicular cancer SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE testicular cancer; maternal hormones; perinatal factors ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY ESTRIOL; BIRTH-WEIGHT; BINDING GLOBULIN; SERUM ESTRIOL; MALES BORN; CRYPTORCHIDISM; ESTRADIOL AB PURPOSE: It was hypothesized that the risk for testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is associated with maternal hormone levels. To examine the hypothesis, some studies used perinatal factors as surrogates for hormone levels. To determine the validity of this assumption, hormone-perinatal factor relationships were examined in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. METHODS: Maternal estradiol, estriol, and testosterone levels in first- and third-trimester serum samples were correlated with perinatal factors in 300 mothers representative of populations at high (white Americans) or low (black Americans) risk for TGCT. RESULTS: For white participants, testosterone levels were associated negatively with maternal height (P < 0.01) and age (p = 0.02) and positively with maternal weight (p = 0.02) and body mass index (BMI; p < 0.01), whereas estradiol levels were associated negatively with height (p = 0.03) and positively with son's birth weight (P = 0.04). For black participants, estriol levels were associated negatively with maternal weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.02), and gestational age p < 0.01) and positively with son's birth weight (p < 0.01), length (p = 0.04), and head circumference (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that use of perinatal characteristics as surrogates for hormone levels should be limited to a specific ethnic group. For white men, previously reported associations of TGCT with maternal weight and age may be caused by lower maternal testosterone levels. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NICHHD, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Reproduct Endocrine Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP McGlynn, KA (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS-7060, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM mcglynnk@mail.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA CP010128-17] NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.03.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 132CM UT WOS:000243919700001 PM 16882463 ER PT J AU Small, DA Chang, W Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Small, David A. Chang, Wook Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Toxicogenomic analysis of sodium hypochlorite antimicrobial mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; toxicogenomic; microarray ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TAURINE CATABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PERACETIC-ACID; GENE-CLUSTER; DNA-REPAIR; RESISTANCE; MYELOPEROXIDASE AB Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is routinely used in hospitals and health care facilities for surface sterilization; however, the mechanism of action by which this disinfectant kills and the extent to which Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to sodium hypochlorite have not been elucidated. Consequently, nosocomial infections from P. aeruginosa result in considerable casualties and economic hardship. We report the genome-wide transcriptome response of P. aeruginosa to sodium hypochlorite-induced oxidative stress via the use of DNA microarrays. In addition to a general oxidative stress response, our data revealed a downregulation of virtually all genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport and an upregulation of many organic sulfur transport and metabolism genes. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0644-7 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 130LX UT WOS:000243802200022 PM 17021869 ER PT J AU Liu, J Pedersen, LC AF Liu, Jian Pedersen, Lars C. TI Anticoagulant heparan sulfate: structural specificity and biosynthesis SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE heparin; heparan sulfate; sulfotransferase; anticoagulant; oligosaccharide; herpes simplex virus ID D-GLUCOSAMINYL 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES; N-SULFOTRANSFERASE; ANTITHROMBIN-III; TERNARY COMPLEX; ENTRY RECEPTOR; HUMAN CDNAS; BINDING AB Heparan sulfate (HS) is present on the surface of endothelial and surrounding tissues in large quantities. It plays important roles in regulating numerous functions of the blood vessel wall, including blood coagulation, inflammation response, and cell differentiation. HS is a highly sulfated polysaccharide containing glucosamine and glucuronic/iduronic acid repeating disaccharide units. The unique sulfated saccharide sequences of HS determine its specific functions. Heparin, an analog of HS, is the most commonly used anticoagulant drug. Because of its wide range of biological functions, HS has become an interesting molecule to biochemists, medicinal chemists, and developmental biologists. In this review, we summarize recent progress toward understanding the interaction between HS and blood- coagulating factors, the biosynthesis of anticoagulant HS and the mechanism of action of HS biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, knowledge of the biosynthesis of HS facilitates the development of novel enzymatic approaches to synthesize HS from bacterial capsular polysaccharides and to produce polysaccharide end products with high specificity for the biological target. These advancements provide the foundation for the development of polysaccharide-based therapeutic agents. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Rm 309,Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jian_liu@unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [AI050050, R01 AI050050] NR 62 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 74 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0722-x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 132SC UT WOS:000243961500001 PM 17131147 ER PT J AU Venkatram, A Cimorelli, AJ AF Venkatram, Akula Cimorelli, Alan J. TI On the role of nighttime meteorology in modeling dispersion of near surface emissions in urban areas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE urban pollution; dispersion models; nighttime boundary layer; particulate concentrations; PM10; Pune; India ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTION; QUALITY AB This paper examines the role of meteorology in linking near surface emissions of particulate matter and associated ambient concentrations in urban areas. The examination is conducted with two models: a steady state model based on urban dispersion models developed earlier, and an unsteady state model that accounts for time varying meteorological and emission inputs. After conducting sensitivity studies with the models, they are applied in Pune, India to (a) check consistency between estimates of surface emissions of particulate matter (with aerodynamic diameters of less than 10 mu m, referred to as PM10) and observed ambient concentrations and (b) identify the variables that govern air quality. Results from the modeling exercise indicate that (1) nighttime meteorology governs both hourly as well as 24h averaged concentrations and (2) because the wind speeds in urban areas are typically low, concentration estimates from the steady state model differ substantially from those of the unsteady state model during the nighttime hours both in magnitude and in timing of the peaks; however, the difference between the 24 h averaged concentrations from the two models is less than 5% for the cases considered here. Because our understanding of nighttime meteorology in urban areas is limited, there is a need for experimental programs to relate the diurnal variation of concentrations with associated meteorology, especially during the night. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US EPA, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Venkatram, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM venky@engr.ucr.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 692 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.028 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133OT UT WOS:000244022900002 ER PT J AU Zheng, J Swall, JL Cox, WM Davis, JM AF Zheng, Junyu Swall, Jenise L. Cox, William M. Davis, Jerry M. TI Interannual variation in meteorologically adjusted ozone levels in the eastern United States: A comparison of two approaches SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone trends; dynamic linear model; generalized additive model; meteorological adjustment; principal components analysis ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL; TRENDS AB Assessing the influence of abatement efforts and other human activities on ozone levels is complicated by the atmosphere's changeable nature. Two statistical methods, the dynamic linear model (DLM) and the generalized additive model (GAM), are used to estimate ozone trends in the eastern United States and to adjust for meteorological effects. The techniques and resulting estimates are compared and contrasted for four monitoring locations chosen through principal components analysis to represent regional patterns of ozone concentrations. After adjustment for meteorological influence, overall downward trends are evident at all four locations from 1997 to 2004. The results indicate that the two methods' estimates of ozone changes agree well. When such estimates are needed quickly, or when many similar, but separate analyses are required, the ease of implementation and relative simplicity of the GAMs are attractive. The DLMs are much more flexible, readily addressing such issues as autocorrelation, the presence of missing values, and estimation of long-term trends or cyclical patterns. Implementation of DLMs, however, is typically more difficult, and especially in the absence of an experienced practitioner, they may be better reserved for in-depth analyses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Swall, JL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Jenise.Swall@noaa.gov OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 705 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133OT UT WOS:000244022900003 ER PT J AU Du, SY Kang, DW Lei, XE Chen, LR AF Du, Shiyong Kang, Daiwen Lei, Xiaoen Chen, Liren TI Numerical study on adjusting and controlling effect of forest cover on PM10 and O-3 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE numerical simulation; forest cover; adjusting and controlling effect; PM10; O-3; air quality ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE TENNESSEE OZONE; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; MODEL; EMISSION; HYDROCARBONS; TRANSPORT; ISOPRENE; PROTOCOL; USA AB A new-coupled air quality numerical modeling system has been developed and applied to the study on the adjusting and controlling effect of forest cover on air quality. The modeling system is composed of Plant Canopy Layer Model (PCLM), Urban Scale Meteorological Model (USMM), and High-Resolution Chemical Model (HRCM). The system was applied to the study on the ecological adjusting and controlling effects on PM10 and O-3 in Jinan City, China. The results show that the forest cover can adjust and control PM10 and O-3 significantly by reducing the concentrations of PM10 while increasing the concentrations of O-3 with the increase of forest cover. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ASMD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Jinan Inst Environm Sci, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Kang, DW (reprint author), US EPA, ASMD, NERL, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kang.daiwen@epa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.055 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133OT UT WOS:000244022900011 ER PT J AU Jang, HN Seo, YC Lee, JH Hwang, KW Yoo, JI Sok, CH Kim, SH AF Jang, Ha-Na Seo, Yong-Chil Lee, Ju-Hyung Hwang, Kyu-Won Yoo, Jong-Ik Sok, Chong-Hui Kim, Seong-Heon TI Formation of fine particles enriched by V and Ni from heavy oil combustion: Anthropogenic sources and drop-tube furnace experiments SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE combustion; heavy oil; vanadium; nickel; ultra-fine particles ID TOXIC METAL EMISSIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; MECHANISMS; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE; COHORT; ASH AB The present study attempts to investigate the emission characteristics of fine particles with special emphasis on nickel and vanadium metal elements emitted from the heavy oil combustion in industrial boilers and power plant, which are typical anthropogenic sources in Korea. A series of combustion experiments were performed to investigate the emission characteristics of particles in the size range of submicron by means of drop-tube furnace with three major domestic heavy oils. Cascade impactors were utilized to determine the size distribution of particulates as well as to analyze the partitioning enrichment of vanadium and nickel in various size ranges. Experimental results were compared with field data of particle size distribution and metal partitioning at commercial utility boilers with heavy oil combustion. Such data were interpreted by chemical equilibrium and particle growth mechanism by means of computational models. In general, fine particles were the major portion of PM10 emitted from the heavy oil combustion, with significant fraction of ultra-fine particles. The formation of ultra-fine particles through nucleation/condensation/coagulation from heavy oil combustion was confirmed by field and experimental data. Vanadium and nickel were more enriched in fine particles, particularly in ultra-fine particles. The conventional air pollution devices showed inefficient capability to remove ultra-fine particles enriched with hazardous transition metal elements such as vanadium and nickel. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Air & Waste Engn Lab, YIEST, Gang Won 220710, South Korea. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Air & Waste Engn Lab, YIEST, 305 Back Un Bldg, Gang Won 220710, South Korea. EM seongheo@yonsei.ac.kr NR 25 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1063 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137YS UT WOS:000244329800013 ER PT J AU Chen, FL Williams, R Svendsen, E Yeatts, K Creason, J Scott, J Terrell, D Case, M AF Chen, Fu-Lin Williams, Ronald Svendsen, Erik Yeatts, Karin Creason, John Scott, James Terrell, Dock Case, Martin TI Coarse particulate matter concentrations from residential outdoor sites associated with the North Carolina Asthma and Children's Environment Studies (NC-ACES) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM10-2.5; dichot; MiniVol sampler; spatial variability; coarse particulate matter ID FINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-SERIES; MORTALITY; DEPOSITION AB Coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) concentration data from residential outdoor sites were collected using portable samplers as part of an exposure assessment for the North Carolina Asthma and Children's Environment Studies (NC-ACES). PM10-2.5 values were estimated using the differential between independent PM10 and PM2.5 collocated MiniVol measurements. Repeated daily 24-h integrated PM10 and PM2.5 residential outdoor monitoring was performed at a total of 26 homes during September 2003-June 2004 in the Research Triangle Park, NC area. This effort resulted in the collection of 73 total daily measurements. This assessment was conducted to provide data needed to investigate the association of exposures to coarse particle PM mass concentrations with observed human health effects. Potential instrument bias between the differential MiniVol methodology and a dichotomous sampler were investigated. Results indicated that minimal bias Oof PM10-2.5 mass concentration estimates (slope = 0.8, intercept = 0.36 mu g m(-3)) existed between the dichotomous and differential MiniVol procedures. Residential outdoor PM10-2.5 mass concentrations were observed to be highly variable across measurement days and ranged from 1.1 to 12.6 pg m(-3) (mean of 5.4 mu g m(-3)). An average correlation coefficient of r = 0.75 existed between residential outdoor PM10-2.5 mass concentrations and those obtained from the central ambient monitoring site. Temporal and spatial variability of PM10-2.5 mass concentrations during the study were observed and are described in this report. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Chen, FL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Chen.Fu-Lin@epa.gov RI Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1200 EP 1208 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.049 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 136OG UT WOS:000244233400008 ER PT J AU Garcia-Blanco, S Venosa, AD Suidan, MT Lee, K Cobanli, S Haines, JR AF Garcia-Blanco, Susana Venosa, Albert D. Suidan, Makram T. Lee, Kenneth Cobanli, Susan Haines, John R. TI Biostimulation for the treatment of an oil-contaminated coastal salt marsh SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; biostimulation; crude oil; hydrocarbons; nutrients; nutrient persistence; salt marshes ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CRUDE-OIL; SPILL BIOREMEDIATION; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; ALKANES AB A field study was conducted on a coastal salt marsh in Nova Scotia, Canada, during the summer of 2000. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of biostimulation in restoring an oil-contaminated coastal marsh dominated by Spartina alterniflora under north-temperate conditions. Three remediation treatments were tested with two additional unoiled treatments, with and without added nutrients, serving as controls. This research determined the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus addition for accelerating oil disappearance, the role of nutrients in enhancing restoration in the absence of wetland plants, and the rate at which the stressed salt marsh recovered. Petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Statistically significant treatment differences were observed for alkanes but not aromatics in sediment samples. No differences were evident in above-ground vegetation samples. GC/MS-resolved alkanes and aromatics degraded substantially (> 90% and > 80%, respectively) after 20 weeks with no loss of TPH. Biodegradation was determined to be the main oil removal mechanism rather than physical washout. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Venosa, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venosa.albert@epa.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10532-005-9029-3 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 119RM UT WOS:000243030800001 PM 16758277 ER PT J AU Caffrey, JM Murrell, MC Wigand, C McKinney, R AF Caffrey, Jane M. Murrell, Michael C. Wigand, Cathleen McKinney, Richard TI Effect of nutrient loading on biogeochemical and microbial processes in a New England salt marsh SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bacterial production; fertilization; denitrification; nitrogen; phosphorus; salt marsh ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; POTAMOGETON-PERFOLIATUS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; BACTERIAL PRODUCTIVITY; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; DENITRIFICATION RATES; SALICORNIA-VIRGINICA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS AB Coastal marshes represent an important transitional zone between uplands and estuaries. One important function of marshes is to assimilate nutrient inputs from uplands, thus providing a buffer for anthropogenic nutrient loads. We examined the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on biogeochemical and microbial processes during the summer growing season in a Spartina patens (Aiton (Muhl.)) marsh in the Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve on Prudence Island (RI). Quadruplicate 1 m(2) plots were fertilized with N and P additions, N-only, P-only, or no additions. N-only addition significantly stimulated bacterial production and increased pore water NH4+ and NO(3)(-)concentrations. Denitrification rates ranged from 0 to 8 mmol m(-2) day(-1). Fertilization had no apparent effect on soil oxygen consumption or denitrification measured in the summer in intact cores due to high core-to-core variation. P fertilization led to increased pore water dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations and increased DIP release from soils. In contrast the control and N-only treatments had significant DIP uptake across the soil-water interface. The results suggest that in the summer fertilization has no apparent effect on denitrification rates, stimulates bacterial productivity, enhances pore water nutrient concentrations and alters some nutrient fluxes across the marsh surface. C1 Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Caffrey, JM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM jcaffrey@uwf.edu NR 84 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9068-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 147HP UT WOS:000244994300004 ER PT J AU Govindaswarny, S Vane, LM AF Govindaswarny, Shekar Vane, Leland M. TI Kinetics of growth and ethanol production on different carbon substrates using genetically engineered xylose-fermenting yeast SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae; YPD medium; YPXD medium; fermentation; MSF; ethanol production kinetics ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COFERMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; GLUCOSE; STRAINS AB Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) strain was used for fermentation of glucose and xylose. Growth kinetics and ethanol productivity were calculated for batch fermentation on media containing different combinations of glucose and xylose to give a final sugar concentration of 20 +/- 0.8 g/L. Growth rates obtained in pure xylose-based medium were less than those for media containing pure glucose and glucose-xylose mixtures. A maximum specific growth rate mu(max), of 0.291 h(-1) was obtained in YPD medium containing 20 g/L glucose as compared to 0.206 h(-1) in YPX medium containing 20 g/L xylose. In media containing combinations of glucose and xylose, glucose was exhausted first followed by xylose. Ethanol production on pure xylose entered log phase during the 12-24 h period as compared to the 4-10 h for pure glucose based medium using 2% inoculum. When glucose was added to fermentation flasks which had been initiated on a pure xylose-based medium, the rate of xylose usage was reduced indicating cosubstrate inhibition of xylose consumption by glucose. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@epa.gov NR 19 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.012 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 101AD UT WOS:000241710400028 PM 16563746 ER PT J AU Fessler, MB Arndt, PG Just, I Nick, JA Malcolm, KC Worthen, GS AF Fessler, Michael B. Arndt, Patrick G. Just, Ingo Nick, Jerry A. Malcolm, Kenneth C. Worthen, G. Scott TI Dual role for RhoA in suppression and induction of cytokines in the human neutrophil SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; ACTIN STRESS FIBERS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAC ACTIVATION; CYTOCHALASIN-D AB Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) by the neutrophil (PMN) is a pivotal event in innate immunity, but the signals regulating TNFa induction in this primary cell are poorly understood. Herein, we use protein transduction to identify novel, opposing anti- and procytokine-inducing roles for RhoA in the resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human PMN, respectively. In the resting cell, RhoA suppresses Cdc42 activation, I kappa B alpha degradation, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, and induction of TNF alpha and NF-kappa B-dependent chemokines. Suppression of TNF alpha induction by RhoA is Rho kinase alpha (ROCK alpha) independent, but Cdc42 dependent, because TNF alpha-induction by C3 transferase is attenuated by inhibition of Cdc42, and constitutively active Cdc42 suffices to activate NF-kappa B and induce TNF alpha. By contrast, we also place RhoA downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Cdc42 in a novel LPS-activated pathway in which p38, Cdc42, and ROCK alpha all promote TNF alpha protein expression. The p65 subunit of NF-kappa B coprecipitates with RhoA in a manner sensitive to the RhoA activation state. Our findings suggest a new, 2-faced role for RhoA as a checkpoint in innate immunity. C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Med, Denver, CO USA. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Toxicol, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Cell Biol, Denver, CO USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD D2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fesslerm@niehs.nih.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL068743, 5R01HL061407-08, K08 HL067179, HL67179, R01 HL105834, 5P01HL68743-04, R01 HL061407] NR 71 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 1248 EP 1256 DI 10.1182/blood-2006-03-012898 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 135CX UT WOS:000244132800063 PM 17018860 ER PT J AU Sen, K Lye, D AF Sen, Keya Lye, Dennis TI Importance of flagella and enterotoxins for Aeromonas virulence in a mouse model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas virulence; bacterial virulence factors; enterotoxin; flagella ID DRINKING-WATER; LATERAL FLAGELLA; BIOFILM FORMATION; POLAR FLAGELLUM; GENUS AEROMONAS; HYDROPHILA; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTIONS AB A genetic characterization of eight virulence factor genes, elastase, lipase, polar flagella (flaA/flaB, flaG), lateral flagella (lafA), and the enterotoxins alt, act, and ast, was performed using polymerase chain reaction with 55 drinking water and nine clinical isolates. When 16 Aeromonas hydrophila strains, seven Aeromonas veronii strains, and seven Aeroinonas caviae strains exhibiting different combinations of virulence factor genes were tested in immunocompromised mice by intraperitoneal injection, only those strains that had one or more of the enterotoxins flaA, flaB, and either flaG or lafA showed signs of being virulent. The correlation was seen in 97% (29/30) of the strains, which included strains from drinking water. Thus, Aeromonas water isolates have the potential to be pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sen, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, MLS 140,26W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sen.keya@epa.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1139/W06-095 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 174SN UT WOS:000246963200013 PM 17496975 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI Water, water everywhere, not a drop to drink? SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sikdar.subhas@epamail.epa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10098-006-0081-4 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370VI UT WOS:000260790800001 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI US decarbonization options SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s10098-006-0084-1 PG 3 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370VI UT WOS:000260790800003 ER PT J AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, Robert T. TI Science, scientists, and policy advocacy SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Conservation-Biology CY JUN 24-28, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Conserv Biol ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; CREDIBILITY; MANAGEMENT; VALUES C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lackey.robert@epa.gov NR 30 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 10 U2 60 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00639.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135JB UT WOS:000244148800007 PM 17298504 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Rachlow, JL Lackey, RT Pidgorna, AB Aycrigg, JL Feldman, GR Svancara, LK Rupp, DA Stanish, DI Steinhorst, RK AF Scott, J. Michael Rachlow, Janet L. Lackey, Robert T. Pidgorna, Anna B. Aycrigg, Jocelyn L. Feldman, Gabrielle R. Svancara, Leona K. Rupp, David A. Stanish, David I. Steinhorst, R. Kirk TI Policy advocacy in science: Prevalence, perspectives, and implications for conservation biologists SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Conservation-Biology CY JUN 24-28, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Conserv Biol ID ET-AL. 2005; VALUES; MOUSE C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow 83844, Russia. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mscott@uidaho.edu OI Aycrigg, Jocelyn/0000-0002-6511-7985 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00641.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135JB UT WOS:000244148800011 PM 17298508 ER PT J AU Talmage, SS Watson, AP Hauschild, V Munro, NB King, J AF Talmage, S. S. Watson, A. P. Hauschild, V. Munro, N. B. King, J. TI Chemical warfare agent degradation and decontamination SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE SARIN; CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; VX; DETOXIFICATION; TOXICITY AB The decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWA) from structures, environmental media. and even personnel has become an area of particular interest in recent),cars due to increased homeland security concerns. In addition to terrorist attacks. scenarios such as accidental releases of CWA from U.S. stockpile sites or from historic, buried munitions are also subjects for response planning. To facilitate rapid identification of practical and effective decontamination approaches. this paper reviews pathways of CWA degradation by natural means as well as those resulting from deliberately applied Solutions and technologies: these pathways and technologies are compared and contrasted. We then review various technologies, both traditional and recent, with some emphasis on decontamination materials used for surfaces that are difficult to clean. Discussion is limited to the major threat CWA, namely sulfur mustard (HD), bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide), VX (O-ethyl S-[2-diisopropylaminoethyl] methylphosphonothioate), and the G-series nerve agents. The principal G-agents are GA (tabun, ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), GB (sarin, isopropyl methylphosplionofluoridate). and GD (soman. pinacolyl methylphosplionofluoridate). The chemical decontamination pathways of each agent are outlined, with some discussion of intermediate and Final degradation product toxicity. In all cases, and regardless of the CWA degradation pathway chosen for decontamination. it will be necessary to collect and analyze pertinent environmental samples during the treatment phase to confirm attainment of clearance levels. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Talmage, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM talmagess@ornl.gov NR 64 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 54 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.2174/138527207779940892 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 129OR UT WOS:000243739300005 ER PT J AU Verslycke, T Ghekiere, A Raimondo, S Janssen, C AF Verslycke, Tim Ghekiere, An Raimondo, Sandy Janssen, Colin TI Mysid crustaceans as standard models for the screening and testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE invertebrate; endocrine disruption; regulatory testing; standardization; Americamysis bahia ID NEOMYSIS-INTEGER CRUSTACEA; CELLULAR-ENERGY ALLOCATION; MESOPODOPSIS-SLABBERI CRUSTACEA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; COMPLETE LIFE-CYCLE; 7-D TOXICITY TEST; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TESTOSTERONE-METABOLISM; HYPERGLYCEMIC-HORMONE AB Investigative efforts into the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of chemicals have mainly concentrated on vertebrates, with significantly less attention paid to understanding potential endocrine disruption in the invertebrates. Given that invertebrates account for at least 95% of all known animal species and are critical to ecosystem structure and function, it remains essential to close this gap in knowledge and research. The lack of progress regarding endocrine disruption in invertebrates is largely due to: (1) our ignorance of mode-of-action, physiological control, and hormone structure and function in invertebrates; (2) lack of a standardized invertebrate assay; (3) the irrelevance to most invertebrates of the proposed activity-based biological indicators for endocrine disruptor (ED) exposure (androgen, estrogen, and thyroid); (4) limited field studies. Past and ongoing research efforts using the standard invertebrate toxicity test model, the mysid shrimp, have aimed at addressing some of these issues. The present review serves as an update to a previous publication on the use of mysids for the evaluation of EDs (Verslycke et al. 2004a). It summarizes recent investigative efforts that have significantly advanced our understanding of invertebrate-specific endocrine toxicity, population modeling, field studies, and transgeneration standard test development using the mysid model. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Ghent, Lab Environm Toxicol & Aquat Ecol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Verslycke, T (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS32, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tim@whoi.edu NR 146 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10646-006-0122-0 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 135ZE UT WOS:000244191600016 PM 17235667 ER PT J AU Sunderland, EM AF Sunderland, Elsie M. TI Mercury exposure from domestic and imported estuarine and marine fish in the US seafood market SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic; fish imports; methylmercury; ocean; Pacific; per capita mercury intake; tuna ID ORGANIC MERCURY; EDIBLE FISH; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; UNITED-STATES; LIGURIAN-SEA; METHYLMERCURY; SHELLFISH; CANADA; WATERS AB BACKGROUND: Methylmercury exposure causes a variety of adverse effects on human health. Per capita estimates of mercury exposure are critical for risk assessments and for developing effective risk management strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the impact of natural stochasticity in mercury concentrations among fish and shellfish harvested from the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and foreign shores on estimated mercury exposures. METHODS: Mercury concentrations and seafood consumption are grouped by supply region (Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and foreign shores). Distributions of intakes from this study are compared with values obtained using national FDA (Food and Drug Administration) mercury survey data to assess the significance of geographic variability in mercury concentrations on exposure estimates. RESULTS: Per capita mercury intake rates calculated using FDA mercury data differ significantly from those based on mercury concentration data for each supply area and intakes calculated for the 90th percentile of mercury concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in reported mercury concentrations can significantly affect per capita mercury intake estimates, pointing to the importance of spatially refined mercury concentration data. This analysis shows that national exposure estimates are most influenced by reported concentrations in imported tuna, swordfish, and shrimp; Pacific pollock; and Atlantic crabs. Collecting additional mercury concentration data for these seafood categories would improve the accuracy of national exposure estimates. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, 1 Congress St,Suite 1100, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM sunderland.elsie@epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 NR 60 TC 150 Z9 154 U1 8 U2 67 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1289/ehp.9377 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800032 PM 17384771 ER PT J AU Weisbrod, AV Burkhard, LP Arnot, J Mekenyan, O Howard, PH Russom, C Boethling, R Sakuratani, Y Traas, T Bridges, T Lutz, C Bonnell, M Woodburn, K Parkerton, T AF Weisbrod, Anne V. Burkhard, Lawrence P. Arnot, Jon Mekenyan, Ovanes Howard, Philip H. Russom, Christine Boethling, Robert Sakuratani, Yuki Traas, Theo Bridges, Todd Lutz, Charles Bonnell, Mark Woodburn, Kent Parkerton, Thomas TI Workgroup report: Review of fish bioaccurnulation databases used to identify persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic substances SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE BAF; BCF; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration; biota-sediment accumulation factor; BSAF; fish; database; PBT ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; FOOD WEBS; WATER; MODEL; SIZE; QSAR AB Chemical management programs strive to protect human health and the environment by accurately identifying persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic substances and restricting their use in commerce. The advance of these programs is challenged by the reality that few empirical data are available for the tens of thousands of commercial substances that require evaluation. Therefore, most preliminary assessments rely on model predictions and data extrapolation. In November 2005, a workshop was held for experts from governments, industry, and academia to examine the availability and quality of in vivo fish bioconcentration and bioaccumulation data, and to propose steps to improve its prediction. The workshop focused on fish data because regulatory assessments predominantly focus on the bioconcentration of substances from water into fish, as measured using in vivo tests or predicted using computer models. In this article we review of the quantity, features, and public availability of bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biota-sediment accumulation data. The workshop revealed that there is significant overlap in the data contained within the various fish bioaccumulation data sources reviewed, and further, that no database contained all of the available fish bioaccumulation data. We believe that a majority of the available bioaccumulation data have been used in the development and testing of quantitative structure-activity relationships and computer models currently in use. Workshop recommendations included the publication of guidance on bioconcentration study quality, the combination of data from various sources to permit better access for modelers and assessors, and the review of chemical domains of existing models to identify areas for expansion. C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Bourgas A Zlatarov Univ, Lab Math Chem, Burgas, Bulgaria. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. US EPA, Off Pollut & Prevent & Pesticides, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Inst Technol & Evaluat, Chem Management Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Utrecht, Netherlands. USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. Environm Canada New Subst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci, Annandale, NJ USA. RP Weisbrod, AV (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Prod Safety, 11810 E Miami River Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM weisbrod.av@pg.com NR 44 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 30 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1289/ehp.9424 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800035 PM 17384774 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Bennett, WD AF Ghio, Andrew J. Bennett, William D. TI Metal particles are inappropriate for testing a postulate of extrapulmonary transport SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP A70 EP A70 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800002 PM 17384740 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS Davis, WP Quarles, RL Patrick, J Campbell, JG Harris, PS Hemmer, BL Parsons, M AF Fisher, William S. Davis, William P. Quarles, Robert L. Patrick, James Campbell, Jed G. Harris, Peggy S. Hemmer, Becky L. Parsons, Mel TI Characterizing coral condition using estimates of three-dimensional colony surface area SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE coral colony surface area; coral condition assessment; coral monitoring; coral mortality; coral reef topographic complexity; coral three-dimensional surface area; coral size; Florida Keys ID REEF CORALS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH; GROWTH; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; STRATEGY AB Coral reefs provide shoreline protection, biological diversity, fishery harvests, and tourism, all values that stem from the physically-complex coral infrastructure. Stony corals (scleractinians) construct and maintain the reef through deposition of calcium carbonate. Therefore, assessment of coral reefs requires at least some measurement endpoints that reflect the biological and physical condition of stony corals. Most monitoring programs portray coral quantity as live coral cover, which is the two-dimensional proportion of coral surface to sea floor viewed from above (planar view). The absence of the third dimension, however, limits our ability to characterize coral reef value, physiology, health and sustainability. A three-dimensional (3D) approach more realistically characterizes coral structure available as community habitat and, when combined with estimates of live coral tissue, quantifies the amount of living coral available for photosynthesis, growth and reproduction. A rapid coral survey procedure that coupled 3D coral quantification with more traditional survey measurements was developed and tested in the field. The survey procedure relied on only three underwater observations - species identification, colony size, and proportion of live tissue - made on each colony in the transect. These observations generated a variety of metrics, including several based on 3D colony surface area, that are relevant to reef management. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. USDA ARS, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-3 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9527-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132VG UT WOS:000243970000035 PM 17225074 ER PT J AU Martin, JJ Winslow, SD Munch, DJ AF Martin, John J. Winslow, Stephen D. Munch, David J. TI A new approach to drinking-water-quality data: Lowest-concentration minimum reporting level SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFICATION; LIMITS C1 Cadmus Grp Inc, Watertown, MA USA. Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Martin, JJ (reprint author), Cadmus Grp Inc, Watertown, MA USA. EM jmartin@cadmusgroup.com NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1021/es072456n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800012 PM 17328169 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SR White, MV Hudson, FM Fine, DD AF Hutchins, Stephen R. White, Mark V. Hudson, Felisa M. Fine, Dennis D. TI Analysis of lagoon samples from different concentrated animal feeding operations for estrogens and estrogen conjugates SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SURFACE-WATER; TRANSPORT; HORMONES; CHEMICALS; SORPTION AB Although Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) have been identified as potentially important sources for the release of estrogens into the environment, information is lacking on the concentrations of estrogens in whole lagoon effluents (including suspended solids) which are used for land application. Lagoons associated with swine, poultry, and cattle operations were sampled at three locations each for direct analysis for estrogens by GC/ MS/MS and estrogen conjugates by LC/MS/MS. Estrogen conjugates were also analyzed indirectly by first subjecting the same samples to enzyme hydrolysis. Solids from centrifuged samples were extracted for free estrogens to estimate total estrogen load. Total free estrogen levels (estrone, 17 alpha-estradiol, 17/beta-estradiol, estriol) were generally higher in swine primary (1000-21000 ng/L), followed by poultry primary (1800-4000 ng/L), dairy secondary (370550 ng/L), and beef secondary (22-24 ng/L) whole lagoon samples. Swine and poultry lagoons contained levels of 17 alpha-estradiol comparable to those of 17 beta-estradiol. Confirmed estrogen conjugates included estrone-3-sulfate (2-91 ng/ L), 17 beta-estradiol-3-sulfate (8-44 ng/L), 17 alpha-estradiol-3-sulfate (141-182 ng/L), and 17 beta-estradiol-17-sulfate (72-84 ng/L) in some lagoons. Enzymatic hydrolysis indicated the presence of additional unidentified estrogen conjugates not detected by the LC/MS/MS method. In most cases estrogen conjugates accounted for at least a third of the total estrogen equivalents. Collectively, these methods can be used to better determine estrogen loads from CAFO operations, and this research shows that estrogen conjugates contribute significantly to the overall estrogen load, even in different types of CAFO lagoons. C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Hutchins, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74821 USA. EM hutchins.steve@epa.gov NR 34 TC 102 Z9 118 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1021/es062234+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800021 PM 17328177 ER PT J AU Briois, C Ryan, S Tabor, D Touati, A Gullett, BK AF Briois, Christelle Ryan, Shawn Tabor, Dennis Touati, Abderrahmane Gullett, Brian K. TI Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from a mixture of chlorophenols over fly ash: Influence of water vapor SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE INCINERATOR; CHLORINATED PHENOLS; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; STACK GAS; PCDD/F; 2-CHLOROPHENOL; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; EMISSION AB Recent efforts have been made to establish readily measurable surrogate compounds, such as chlorophenols, for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), that would enable plant operations to limit formation. Despite the extensive studies conducted on PCDDs/Fs formation from chlorophenols, very few studies have been carried out in real combustion conditions with a realistic concentration of precursors and the presence of water. In the present study, low (10(-9) M), stable concentrations of chlorinated phenols that are representative of concentrations of such compounds in municipal waste incinerator (MWI) raw flue gas were used in experiments investigating the formation of PCDDs/Fs over fly ash. Different mixtures of the chlorophenols (CPs) studied (2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol) were passed through a bed of oxidized fly ash (carbon-free) and glass beads with and without the presence of water. The chlorophenol reactants used in this study were found to favor PCDD over PCDF formation. The presence of water was observed to considerably reduce the yields of all PCDD/F formed (< 0.3% phenol conversion). The PCDD homologue and isomer distributions were not affected by the presence of water, unlike the PCDF compounds. The major PCDD homologue groups formed were tetra- and penta-, both with or without water in the gas stream. The major PCDF homologue groups were mostly the lower chlorinated ones in the experiments performed in the presence or absence of water. These results contribute to the understanding of PCDD/Fs formation in realistic combustion conditions, including very low concentrations of precursors and the presence of water in the flue gas. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 850 EP 856 DI 10.1021/es0613761 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800037 PM 17328193 ER PT J AU Abbaszadegan, M Mayer, BK Ryu, H Nwachuku, N AF Abbaszadegan, Morteza Mayer, Brooke K. Ryu, Hodon Nwachuku, Nena TI Efficacy of removal of CCL viruses under enhanced coagulation conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; FERRIC-CHLORIDE; BACTERIOPHAGES; INACTIVATION; SYSTEM AB The focus of coagulation as a water treatment process is shifting to accommodate recent regulatory additions that strive to balance the risks between microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water. In this work, enhanced coagulation using increased ferric chloride dose and/or pH adjustment was evaluated for removal efficacy of viruses on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Contaminant Candidate List (CCL), their surrogates, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Jar tests demonstrated that optimal DOC removal was achieved using 40 mg/L FeCl3 at a pH between 5 and 6. Under these conditions, bench-scale testing resulted in a maximum removal of 2.58 log units of adenovirus type 4, 2.50 log units of feline calicivirus, 2.32 log units of MS2, 1.75 log units of PRD1, 1.52 log units of phi-X174, 2.49 log units of fr, and 56% of DOC. The trend in virus removals (MS2 and fr > PRD1 and phi-X174) was consistent between bench- and pilot-scale testing; however, pilot-plant removals exceeded benchscale removals. Feline calicivirus was more efficiently removed than the bacteriophages, thereby suggesting potential for the bacteriophages as suitable surrogates, with MS2 and fr being more representative and PRD1 and phiX174 (which were removed to a lesser extent) more conservative. The bacteriophages do not appear to be appropriate surrogates for adenovirus. C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Abbaszadegan, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, POB 875306, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM abbaszadegan@asu.edu RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 971 EP 977 DI 10.1021/es061517z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800055 PM 17328211 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Lee, K Cobanli, SE King, T Wrenn, BA Doe, KG Jackman, PM Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Lee, Kenneth Cobanli, Susan E. King, Thomas Wrenn, Brian A. Doe, Kenneth G. Jackman, Paula M. Venosa, Albert D. TI Assessment of sediment toxicity during anaerobic biodegradation of vegetable oil using Microtox (R) and Hyalella azteca bioassays SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicity; Microtox (R) solid phase test; Hyalella azteca amphipod bioassay; vegetable oil; anaerobic biodegradation; freshwater sediments ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; SPILLS; DEGRADATION; INHIBITION; ORGANISMS; SUNFLOWER AB The potential ecological impacts of anaerobic degradation of vegetable oil on freshwater sediments were investigated. Sediment toxicity was evaluated using two regulatory biotests: the Microtox (R) Solid Phase Test and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) bioassay. The results of the Microtox test showed that the toxicity of the vegetable-oil-contaminated sediments (about 17-33 g oil/kg dry sediments) increased after 2 weeks incubation and then decreased to near background levels after incubation for 8 weeks under anaerobic conditions. The amphipod toxicity bioassay showed that the toxicity of fresh contaminated sediments decreased over time and returned to background levels within 8 weeks. These results suggest that the impact of vegetable oils on organisms within sediments may be limited. To account for the significance of environmental conditions, additional studies over a wide range of incubation conditions (e.g., temperature, nutrient concentration) and other test organisms at various trophic levels are recommended for both acute and chronic toxicity assessment. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Environm Canada, Ctr Environm Sci, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM liz@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1002/tox.20227 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 138QX UT WOS:000244378400001 PM 17295275 ER PT J AU Wong, CS Pakdeesusuk, U Morrissey, JA Lee, CM Coates, JT Garrison, AW Mabury, SA Marvin, CH Muir, DCG AF Wong, Charles S. Pakdeesusuk, Usarat Morrissey, Joshua A. Lee, Cindy M. Coates, John T. Garrison, Arthur W. Mabury, Scott A. Marvin, Christopher H. Muir, Derek C. G. TI Enantiomeric composition of chiral polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in dated sediment cores SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chiral polychlorinated biphenyls; atropisomers; sediments; reductive dechlorination ID HARTWELL SUPERFUND SITE; LONG-TERM RECOVERY; PCB-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; LAKE-ONTARIO SEDIMENTS; MILE CREEK ARM; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; HUDSON RIVER; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB Enantionter fractions (EFs) of seven chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in dated sediment cores of Lake Hartwell (SC, USA) and Lake Ontario (USA) to detect, quantify, and gain insight regarding microbial reductive dechlorination of PCBs in lake sediments with high and low concentrations, respectively. Lake Hartwell sediments had high total PCBs (5-60 mu g/g), with significantly nonracemic EFs that generally were consistent with those from previous laboratory microcosm reductive dechlorination experiments using sediments from these sites. Thus, stereoselective reductive dechlorination had occurred in situ, including at total PCB concentrations of less than the threshold of approximately 30 to 80 mu g/g suggested as being necessary for reductive dechlorination. Enantiomer fractions of PCBs 91, 95, 132, and 136 in Lake Hartwell cores were significantly correlated both with concentrations of those individual congeners and with total PCB concentration for some sites. This result indicates that enantioselective microbial dechlorination activity increases with higher concentrations within sediments for these congeners. Enantiomer composition reversed with depth for PCBs 91, 132, and 176, suggesting that multiple microbial populations may be present within the same core that are enantioselectively dechlorinating PCBs. Such observations indicate that concentration and time are not the only factors affecting biotransformation, complicating prediction of enantioselectivity. Comparison of EFs with dates suggested biotransformation half-lives of approximately 30 years, which is on the same time scale as sequestration by burial. In contrast, Lake Ontario sediments (maximum total PCBs, 400 ng/g) had racemic or near-racemic amounts of most congeners throughout the core profile, which is consistent with achiral indicators suggesting no microbial biotransformation within Lake Ontario sediments. Thresholds for reductive dechlorination may exist, but they would be at concentrations of less than 30 to 80 mu g/g. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. King Mongkuts Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10800, Thailand. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Wong, CS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. EM charles.wong@ualberta.ca RI Lee, Cindy/A-4615-2008; Wong, Charles/B-4215-2012; OI Wong, Charles/0000-0002-5743-2942; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.1897/06-164R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 126BA UT WOS:000243486000012 PM 17713213 ER PT J AU Biales, AD Bencic, DC Flick, RW Lazorchak, J Lattier, DL AF Biales, Adam D. Bencic, David C. Flick, Robert W. Lazorchak, Jim Lattier, David L. TI Quantification and associated variability of induced vitellogenin gene transcripts in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE real-time polymerase chain reaction; estrogen; fathead minnow; vitellogenin; variability ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; LIFE-CYCLE; RT-PCR; EXPRESSION; 17-ALPHA-ETHINYLESTRADIOL; RECEPTOR; FISH AB Ecological risk assessors have a growing need for sensitive and rapid indicators of environmental exposures in aquatic ecosystems resulting from natural and synthetic estrogen-like compounds. Investigators developing subcellular exposure markers in traditional sentinel organisms must be vigilant about inherent variability of analyses, especially regarding regulatory and policy statements. Here, we report a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay for the detection of vitellogenin transcripts environmentally triggered in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). We demonstrate that our QPCR assay exhibits little inter- or intra-assay variability (21.7 and 11.9%, respectively). This method appears to be robust in terms of variability stemming from extrinsic sources, indicating that it may be readily transferable to laboratories having the requisite equipment. Our primary focus in development of this method derived from the observation that transcriptional responses of the vitellogenin gene (vtg) in fathead minnows demonstrated high biological variability between identically treated individuals, even under controlled laboratory conditions (coefficient of variation, > 100%). This variability was not seen in other genes from the same RNA preparations that we examined, suggesting that it is specific to the vitellogenin response. Our data and those of others suggest that variability in vtg expression is common to a number of aquatic vertebrates, which is indicative of genetic causation. Despite a relatively high degree of variability in vtg transcription, this method is sensitive enough to detect exposures of 5.0 ng 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE(2))/L within 24 It of exposure, and it has the ability to discriminate 10.0 and 5.0 ng EE(2)/L within 48 h. The vitellogenin QPCR assay is a highly sensitive, comparatively rapid, and inexpensive method for the detection and characterization of exposure to environmental estrogens and estrogen mimics. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lattier, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lattier.david@epa.gov NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1897/06-213R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 126BA UT WOS:000243486000016 PM 17713217 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP Cole, FA AF Ferraro, Steven P. Cole, Faith A. TI Benthic macrofauna-habitat associations in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benthic macrofauna; estuarine habitats; ecological indicators; El Nino/La Nina; USA; Washington; Willapa Bay ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPARTINA; ECOLOGY; MARSH; BEDS; INVERTEBRATES; CORDGRASS; ORGANISMS; ESTUARIES AB Estuary-wide benthic macrofauna-habitat associations in Willapa Bay, Washington, United States, were determined for 4 habitats (eelgrass [Zostera marina], Atlantic cordgrass [Spartina alterniflora], mud shrimp [Upogebia pugettensis], ghost shrimp [Neotrypaea californiensis]) in 1996 and 7 habitats (eelgrass, Atlantic cordgrass, mud shrimp, ghost shrimp, oyster [Crassostrea gigas], bare mud/sand, subtidal) in 1998. Most benthic macrofaunal species inhabited multiple habitats; however, 2 dominants, a fanworm, Manayunkia aestuarina, in Spartina, and a sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus, in subtidal, were rare or absent in all other habitats. Benthic macrofaunal Bray-Curtis similarity varied among all habitats except eelgrass and oyster. There were significant differences among habitats within- and between-years on several of the following ecological indicators: mean number of species (S), abundance (A), biomass (B), abundance of deposit (AD), suspension (AS), and facultative (AF) feeders, Swartz's index (SI), Brillouin's index (H), and jackknife estimates of habitat species richness (HSR). In the 4 habitats sampled in both years, A was about 2.5 x greater in 1996 (a La Nina year) than 1998 (a strong El Nino year) yet relative values of S, A, B, AD, AS, SI, and H among the habitats were not significantly different, indicating strong benthic macrofauna-habitat associations despite considerable climatic and environmental variability. In general, the rank order of habitats on indicators associated with high diversity and productivity (high S, A, B, SI, H, HSR) was eelgrass = oyster >= Atlantic cordgrass >= mud shrimp >= bare mud/sand >= ghost shrimp = subtidal. Vegetation, burrowing shrimp, and oyster density and sediment %silt + clay and %total organic carbon were generally poor, temporally inconsistent predictors of ecological indicator variability within habitats. The benthic macrofauna-habitat associations in this study can be used to help identify critical habitats, prioritize habitats for environmental protection, index habitat suitability, assess habitat equivalency, and as habitat value criteria in ecological risk assessments in Willapa Bay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, US EPA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, US EPA, 2-11 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ferraro.steven@epa.gov NR 80 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3-4 BP 491 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.002 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 135TT UT WOS:000244177300013 ER PT J AU Hollister, JW Walker, HA AF Hollister, Jeffrey W. Walker, Henry A. TI Beyond data: reproducible research in ecology and environmental sciences SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hollister, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Hollister.jeff@epa.gov; Walker.Henry@epa.gov OI Hollister, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9254-9740 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133VP UT WOS:000244042300018 ER PT J AU Taioli, E Benhamou, S Bouchardy, C Cascorbi, I Cajas-Salazar, N Dally, H Fong, KM Larsen, JE Le Marchand, L London, SJ Risch, A Spitz, MR Stucker, I Weinshenker, B Wu, XF Yang, P AF Taioli, Emanuela Benhamou, Simone Bouchardy, Christine Cascorbi, Ingolf Cajas-Salazar, Nohelia Dally, Heike Fong, Kwun M. Larsen, Jill E. Le Marchand, Loic London, Stephanie J. Risch, Angela Spitz, Margaret R. Stucker, Isabelle Weinshenker, Brian Wu, Xifeng Yang, Ping TI Myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism and lung cancer: A huge genetic susceptibility to environmental carcinogens pooled analysis SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; cooperative studies; metabolic gene polymorphisms; smoking ID HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS; ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT; DNA ADDUCT LEVELS; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; REDUCED RISK; MISSENSE MUTATION; MPO; ASSOCIATION; DEFICIENCY; METAANALYSIS AB Myeloperoxidase is a phase I metabolic enzyme that converts the metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene from tobacco smoke into highly reactive epoxides. A polymorphism in the promoter region of myeloperoxidase (463G -> A) has been found to be inversely associated with lung cancer; differences in the association with age and gender have been suggested. We conducted a pooled analysis of individual data from 10 studies (3688 cases and 3874 controls) from the Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens database. The odds ratio for lung cancer was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.97) for the AG variant of myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism, and 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.88) for the AA variant after adjusting for smoking, age, gender, and ethnicity. The inverse association between lung cancer and myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism was equally found in males and females (odds ratio for the AA genotype 0.73 [95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.96] and 0.67 [95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.98], respectively), without differences in the association according to age in the two genders. The myeloperoxicase G-463A polymorphism was significantly protective in "ever" smokers but not in "never" smokers. Myeloperoxidase is a key enzyme in tobacco-induced carcinogenesis. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. INSERM, U794, Evry, France. Geneva Canc Registry, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Kiel, Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Inst Pharmacol, Kiel, Germany. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Abt Toxikol & Krebsrisikofaktoren, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Prince Charles Hosp, Dept Thorac Med, Brisbane, Qld 4032, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. INSERM, U170, Villejuif, France. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Ctr Canc, Rochester, MN USA. RP Taioli, E (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, 5150 Ctr Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RI Cascorbi, Ingolf/A-4519-2009; Fong, Kwun/G-6369-2010; Larsen, Jill/G-3787-2010; Benhamou, Simone/K-6554-2015; Risch, Angela/H-2669-2013; OI Larsen, Jill/0000-0001-7806-3931; Risch, Angela/0000-0002-8026-5505; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31803068bI PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 140FX UT WOS:000244491100003 PM 17304047 ER PT J AU Devine, D Clarke, C Grumbles, B AF Devine, Don Clarke, Chuck Grumbles, Benjamin TI WaterSense(SM) is common sense SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Virginia, Darden Business Sch, Execut Program, Charlottesville, VA USA. Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA USA. US EPA, Off Water, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 137ZW UT WOS:000244333100006 ER PT J AU Henderson, WM Weber, EJ Duirk, SE Washington, JW Smith, MA AF Henderson, W. Matthew Weber, Eric J. Duirk, Stephen E. Washington, John W. Smith, Mary Alice TI Quantification of fluorotelomer-based chemicals in mammalian matrices by monitoring perfluoroalkyl chain fragments with GC/MS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorinated chemicals; fluorotelomer alcohols; PFOA; method validation; biological tissue analysis; GC/MS ID PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; ALCOHOL BIODEGRADATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDUCTION; PATHWAYS; PLASMA AB Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), have been identified as persistent, bioaccumulative and potentially toxic compounds. The structural analog, 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8-2 frOH) is considered the probable precursor of these stable metabolites. Because simultaneous quantification is needed for volatile and non-volatile perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in complex matrices, a GC/MS method was developed and tested based on selected ion monitoring of perfluorinated alkyl parent chain fragment ions. Although the method requires a derivatization step, combined GC/MS analysis of PFCA-me's and FTOHs increases analytical efficiency and decreases sample analysis time. The method instrument detection limits are between 7.1 and 24.5 ng/mL extract (MTBE), and the method quantification limits are below 50 ng/mL serum or ng/g liver for all PFCs investigated. Recoveries from mouse serum and liver homogenates, which were spiked with FTOHs and PFCAs at levels of 25 and 200 ng/mL or ng/g, ranged from 81 to 101%. Finally, the utility of the method was demonstrated by dosing male CD-1 mice with 30 mg/kg-BW of 8-2 FTOH and quantifying PFCs 6 h post-treatment. The advantages of this method are (1) the simultaneous detection of both volatile and non-volatile fluorotelomer-based chemicals in complex matrices, such as mammalian tissues, (2) as a confirmatory method to LC-MS/MS, and (3) as an alternative method of analysis for laboratories without access to LC-MS/MS. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Henderson, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Henderson.matt@epa.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 846 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.042 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 137GN UT WOS:000244281100021 PM 17000139 ER PT J AU Davis, JM AF Davis, J. Michael TI How to assess the risks of nanotechnology: Learning from past experience SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nanotechnology; comprehensive environmental assessment; risk; life cycle; multi-media; MTBE ID UNITED-STATES; BUTYL ETHER; GASOLINE; MTBE; GROUNDWATER; WATER AB Nanotechnology may yield a plethora of beneficial applications, but it can also be expected to present risks. The challenge is to anticipate and reduce environmental and health risks or, at a minimum, identify and deal with such threats once they begin to become evident. Past experience, particularly with the fuel additive MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), provides valuable guidance on how to assess the potential risks of nanotechnology using a comprehensive environmental assessment approach, which combines a product life-cycle perspective with the risk assessment paradigm. This systematic approach can serve not only to guide the development of a research strategy for assessing the risks of nanotechnology but possibly even help avert unintended consequences of nanotechnology. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009 NR 66 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.152 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 126LR UT WOS:000243514900002 PM 17450771 ER PT J AU Gray, WB Shadbegian, RJ AF Gray, Wayne B. Shadbegian, Ronald J. TI The environmental performance of polluting plants: A spatial analysis SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENFORCEMENT; INSPECTIONS; INDUSTRY; MODELS AB This paper uses plant-level EPA and Census data to examine spatial factors affecting environmental performance, as measured by air pollutant emissions and regulatory compliance. We find significant effects for compliance, but not for emissions. Compliance is positively spatially correlated, partly explained by spatial correlations in observed plant characteristics, suggesting influences of industry agglomeration. The use of spatial econometric methods shows only small effects of spatially lagged compliance status, and does not greatly change the estimated contributions of other spatially explicit factors. Regulatory activity has the expected effect of increasing environmental performance, both at the inspected plant and at neighboring plants, but only for plants in the same state, demonstrating the importance of jurisdictional boundaries. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Econ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Econ, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gray, WB (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Econ, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM wgray@clarku.edu; rshadbegian@umassd.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 63 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9787.2007.00500.x PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 131LM UT WOS:000243870500004 ER PT J AU Power, JH Burger, MJ Stokes, AM AF Power, James H. Burger, Michael J. Stokes, Ashley M. TI Mass, volume, and length relationships in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) juveniles SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology CY OCT 20-25, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE flatfish; mass; volume; length; size; growth; morphometrics ID WINTER FLOUNDER; MARINE FISH; NORTH-SEA; GROWTH; SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS; LARVAE; VARIABILITY; AMERICANUS; BEHAVIOR AB The live body mass, body volume, and length were determined for four groups of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.): (1) plaice immigrating into the Wadden Sea, (2) fish that had settled in the Wadden Sea, (3) settled fish that had been starved, and (4) laboratory-reared fish. Mass and volume values were obtained by applying Archimedes' principle to weights of fish obtained while they were immersed in waters of different densities. The allometric relationship of mass, volume, and length was determined for each group using principal component analysis. Fish in each treatment group had different mass-volume-length trajectories. Immigrating fish had the least mass and volume at fixed length, followed by settled fish, and laboratory-reared fish had the greatest mass at fixed length. Mass and volume differences between freshly captured settled fish and starved fish were slight. All treatments showed great variability in body mass and volume at fixed length, and the use of fish length alone as an index of fish size is problematic. It is suggested that centroid size is a better measurement of fish size when size is an important variate in a study. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97330 USA. BioSonics, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Power, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97330 USA. EM Power.Jim@EPA.Gov RI Power, James/A-1977-2010 OI Power, James/0000-0001-7745-798X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2006.09.001 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 142GC UT WOS:000244636400015 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Ayala, A Black, KN Fulper, CR Graze, RR Minassian, F Murray, HB Natarajan, M Tennant, CJ Lawson, DR AF Cadle, Steven H. Ayala, Alberto Black, Kevin N. Fulper, Carl R. Graze, R. Rob Minassian, Fred Murray, Hannah B. Natarajan, Mani Tennant, Christopher J. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the Sixteenth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council held its 16th workshop in March 2006, with 83 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, we summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed evaluation of in-use emissions control programs, effects of fuels on emissions, emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Marathon Petr LLC, Findlay, OH USA. Coordinating Res Council, Alpharetta, GA USA. Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135DN UT WOS:000244134400001 PM 17355074 ER PT J AU Reff, A Eberly, SI Bhave, PV AF Reff, Adam Eberly, Shelly I. Bhave, Prakash V. TI Receptor modeling of ambient particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: Review of existing methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED CARBON FRACTIONS; FACTOR-ANALYTIC MODELS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; FINE PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MULTILINEAR ENGINE; ATLANTA AEROSOL AB Methods for apportioning sources of ambient particulate matter (PM) using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) algorithm are reviewed. Numerous procedural decisions must be made and algorithmic parameters selected when analyzing PM data with PMF. However, few publications document enough of these details for readers to evaluate, reproduce, or compare results between different studies. For example, few studies document why some species were used and others not used in the modeling, how the number of factors was selected, or how much uncertainty exists in the solutions. More thorough documentation will aid the development of standard protocols for analyzing PM data with PMF and will reveal more clearly where research is needed to help future analysts select from the various possible procedures and parameters available in PMF. For example, research likely is needed to determine optimal approaches for handling data below detection limits, ways to apportion PM mass among sources identified by PMF, and ways to estimate uncertainties in the solution. The review closes with recommendations for documenting the methodological details of future PMF analyses. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Reff, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Code E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Reff.Adam@epa.gov RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 71 TC 197 Z9 208 U1 10 U2 101 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 146 EP 154 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135DN UT WOS:000244134400002 PM 17355075 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE Stanek, J Han, HS Johnson, T Sakurai, H Pui, DYH Turner, J Chen, DR Duthie, S AF Wilson, William E. Stanek, John Han, Hee-Siew Ryan Johnson, Tim Sakurai, Hiromu Pui, David Y. H. Turner, Jay Chen, Da-Ren Duthie, Scott TI Use of the electrical aerosol detector as an indicator of the surface area of fine particles deposited in the lung SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VIVO; INFLAMMATION; SIZE; EPIPHANIOMETER; INSTILLATION; INHALATION; RATS; MASS AB Because of recent concerns about the health effects of ultrafine particles and the indication that particle toxicity is related to surface area, we have been examining techniques for measuring parameters related to the surface area of fine particles, especially in the 0.003- to 0.5-mu m size range. In an earlier study, we suggested that the charge attached to particles, as measured by a prototype of the Electrical Aerosol Detector (EAD, TSI Inc., Model 3070), was related to the 1.16 power of the mobility diameter. An inspection of the pattern of particle deposition in the lung as a function of particle size suggested that the FAD measurement might be a useful indicator of the surface area of particles deposited in the lung. In this study, we calculate the particle surface area (micrometer squared) deposited in the lung per cubic centimeter of air inhaled as a function of particle size using atmospheric particle size distributions measured in Minneapolis, MN, and East St. Louis, IL. The correlations of powers of the mobility diameter, D-X, were highest for X = 1.1-1.6 for the deposited surface area and for X = 1.25 with the EAD signal. This overlap suggested a correspondence between the EAD signal and the deposited surface area. The correlation coefficients of the EAD signal and particle surface area deposited in the alveolar and tracheobronchial regions of the lung for three breathing patterns are in the range of Pearson's r = 0.91-0.95 (coefficient of determination, R-2 = 0.82-0.90). These statistical relationships suggest that the EAD could serve as a useful indicator of particle surface area deposited in the lung in exposure and epidemiologic studies of the human health effects of atmospheric particles and as a measure of the potential surface area dose for the characterization of occupational environments. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. TSI Inc, Shoreview, MN USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Particle Technol Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. Reliable Contracting Grp, Louisville, KY USA. RP Wilson, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.william@epa.gov NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135DN UT WOS:000244134400009 PM 17355082 ER PT J AU Nadeau, TL Rains, MC AF Nadeau, Tracie-Lynn Rains, Mark C. TI Hydrological connectivity of headwaters to downstream waters: Introduction to the featured collection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Nadeau, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nadeau.tracie@epa.gov NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00001.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900001 ER PT J AU Nadeau, TL Rains, MC AF Nadeau, Tracie-Lynn Rains, Mark Cable TI Hydrological connectivity between headwater streams and downstream waters: How science can inform policy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Clean Water Act (CWA); waters of the US; hydrological connectivity; headwater streams; intermittent and ephemeral streams; navigable waters; SWANCC; Rapanos ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER; GROUND-WATER; FRESH-WATER; HABITAT SELECTION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SWANCC DECISION AB In January 2001, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers exceeded its statutory authority by asserting Clean Water Act (CWA) jurisdiction over non-navigable, isolated, intrastate waters based solely on their use by migratory birds. The Supreme Court's majority opinion addressed broader issues of CWA jurisdiction by implying that the CWA intended some "connection" to navigability and that isolated waters need a "significant nexus" to navigable waters to be jurisdictional. Subsequent to this decision (SWANCC), there have been many lawsuits challenging CWA jurisdiction, many of which are focused on headwater, intermittent, and ephemeral streams. To inform the legal and policy debate surrounding this issue, we present information on the geographic distribution of headwater streams and intermittent and ephemeral streams throughout the U.S., summarize major findings from the scientific literature in considering hydrological connectivity between headwater streams and downstream waters, and relate the scientific information presented to policy issues surrounding the scope of waters protected under the CWA. Headwater streams comprise approximately 53% (2,900,000 km) of the total stream length in the U.S., excluding Alaska, and intermittent and ephemeral streams comprise approximately 59% (3,200,000 km) of the total stream length and approximately 50% (1,460,000 km) of the headwater stream length in the U.S., excluding Alaska. Hillslopes, headwater streams, and downstream waters are best described as individual elements of integrated hydrological systems. Hydrological connectivity allows for the exchange of mass, momentum, energy, and organisms longitudinally, laterally, vertically, and temporally between headwater streams and downstream waters. Via hydrological connectivity, headwater, intermittent and ephemeral streams cumulatively contribute to the functional integrity of downstream waters; hydrologically and ecologically, they are a part of the tributary system. As this debate continues, scientific input from multiple fields will be important for policymaking at the federal, state, and local levels and to inform water resource management regardless of the level at which those decisions are being made. Strengthening the interface between science, policy, and public participation is critical if we are going to achieve effective water resource management. C1 US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Nadeau, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nadeau.tracie@epa.gov NR 122 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 118 EP 133 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00010.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900010 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Leon, LR Morehouse, DH Rufolo, DM Blaha, MD Gordon, CJ AF DuBose, D. A. Leon, L. R. Morehouse, D. H. Rufolo, D. M. Blaha, M. D. Gordon, C. J. TI Hypothermia induction and recovery in free-ranging rats SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypothermia modeling; accidental hypothermia; hypothermia market; datalogger; cold-induced tachycardia; brown adipose tissue temperature ID MILD HYPOTHERMIA; THERMOGENESIS; INHIBITION; ANESTHESIA; TISSUE; SWINE AB 1. To avoid anesthesia confounders, free-ranging rats were exposed (4 h) to cool water (CW; 10 degrees C; 5 cm), warm water (WW; 35 degrees C; 5 cm) or temperate air (TA; 25 degrees C) to induce hypothermia, or control for water or novel environment stress, respectively. 2. While WW and TA core temperature (T-c) and the brown adipose tissue (T-BAT)/subdermal skin (T-SDS) temperature relationship remained similar, CW hypothermia induction was variable (34.5-26.1 degrees C; 9-240 min) and associated with tachycardia (517.8 +/- 4.7 bpm) greater than WW (386.5 +/- 5.5 bpm) or TA (372.2 +/- 7.7 bpm) with CW T-BAT (36.5 +/- 0.03 degrees C) elevated above CW T-SDS (35.9 +/- 0.05 degrees C). 3. Without anesthesia to blunt thermoregulatory countermeasures to hypothermia, variable resistance to T-c depression, tachycardia rather than bradycardia and BAT thermogenic responses were demonstrated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DuBose, DA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM davdubose@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.10.005 PG 10 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 142TQ UT WOS:000244673400005 ER PT J AU Davidson, K Hallberg, A McCubbin, D Hubbell, B AF Davidson, Kenneth Hallberg, Aaron McCubbin, Donald Hubbell, Bryan TI Analysis of PM2.5 using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Strategies for Clean Air and Health CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP NERAM ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; AIR-POLLUTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; METROPOLITAN-AREAS; HEALTH BENEFITS; POLLUTANTS; MORBIDITY; US AB As epidemiological work from around the world continues to tie PM2.5 to serious adverse health effects, including premature mortality, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has developed a number of policies to reduce air pollution, including PM2.5. To assist in the benefit-cost analyses of these air pollution control policies, the U. S. EPA has developed the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). BenMAP is meant to (1) provide a flexible tool for systematically analyzing impacts of changes in environmental quality in a timely fashion, (2) ensure that stakeholders can understand the assumptions underlying the analysis, and (3) adequately address uncertainty and variability. BenMAP uses a "damage-function" approach to estimate the health benefits of a change in air quality. The major components of the damage-function approach are population estimates, population exposure, adverse health effects, and economic costs. To demonstrate BenMAP's ability to analyze PM2.5 pollution control policy scenarios, we assess two sample applications: (1) benefits of a national-level air quality control program, and ( 2) benefits of attaining two annual PM2.5 standards in California ( annual average standards of 15 mu g/m(3) and 12 mu g/m(3)). In the former, we estimate a scenario where control of PM2.5 emissions results in $100 billion of benefits annually. In the analysis of alternative standards, we estimate that attaining the more stringent standard (12 mu g/m(3)) would result in approximately 2000 fewer premature deaths each year than the 15 mu g/m(3) achieves. BenMAP has a number of features to help clarify the analysis process. It allows the user to record in a configuration all of the choices made during an analysis. Configurations are especially useful for recreating already existing policy analyses. Also, BenMAP has a number of reporting options, including a set of mapping tools that allows users to visually inspect their inputs and results. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Davidson, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC-6401A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM davidson.ken@epa.gov OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 332 EP 346 DI 10.1080/15287390600884982 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 141FC UT WOS:000244562800017 PM 17365595 ER PT J AU Brody, M Caldwell, J Golub, A AF Brody, Michael Caldwell, Jane Golub, Alexander TI Developing risk-based priorities for reducing air pollution in urban settings in Ukraine SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Strategies for Clean Air and Health CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP NERAM ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; OUTDOOR CONCENTRATIONS; TOXICS CONCENTRATIONS; POLLUTANTS AB Ukraine, when part of the former Soviet Union, was responsible for about 25% of its overall industrial production. This aging industrial infrastructure continues to emit enormous volumes of air and water pollution and wastes. The National Report on the State of Environment in Ukraine 1999 (Ukraine Ministry of Environmental Protection [MEP], 2000) shows significant air pollution. There are numerous emissions that have been associated with developmental effects, chronic long-term health effects, and cancer. Ukraine also has been identified as a major source of transboundary air pollution for the eastern Mediterranean region. Ukraine's Environment Ministry is not currently able to strategically target high-priority emissions and lacks the resources to address all these problems. For these reasons, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency set up a partnership with Ukraine's Ministry of Environmental Protection to strengthen its capacity to set environmental priorities through the use of comparative environmental risk assessment and economic analysis - the Capacity Building Project. The project is also addressing improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of its National Environmental Protection Fund. The project consists of a series of workshops with Ukrainian MEP officials in comparative risk assessment of air pollutant emissions in several heavily industrialized oblasts; cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis; and environmental finance. Pilot risk assessment analyses have been completed. At the end of the Capacity Building Project it is expected that the use of the National Environmental Protection fund and the regional level oblast environmental protection funds will begin to target and identify the highest health and environmental risk emissions. C1 US EPA, Off Chief Financial Officer, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Environm Def, Washington, DC USA. RP Brody, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Chief Financial Officer, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM brody.michael@epa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1080/15287390600885021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 141FC UT WOS:000244562800019 PM 17365597 ER PT J AU Vogt, P Riitters, KH Estreguil, C Kozak, J Wade, TG AF Vogt, Peter Riitters, Kurt H. Estreguil, Christine Kozak, Jacek Wade, Timothy G. TI Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morphological image processing; spatial pattern; forest fragmentation ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; SCALE AB We use morphological image processing for classifying spatial patterns at the pixel level on binary land-cover maps. Land-cover pattern is classified as 'perforated,' 'edge,' 'patch,' and 'core' with higher spatial precision and thematic accuracy compared to a previous approach based on image convolution, while retaining the capability to label these features at the pixel level for any scale of observation. The implementation of morphological image processing is explained and then demonstrated, with comparisons to results from image convolution, for a forest map of the Val Grande National Park in North Italy. C1 European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, IES, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit LMNH, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vogt, P (reprint author), European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, IES, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit LMNH, TP 261,Via E Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM peter.vogt@jrc.it RI Kozak, Jacek/D-5570-2013 NR 21 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9013-2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900002 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Coan, M Homer, C AF Wickham, J. D. Riitters, K. H. Wade, T. G. Coan, M. Homer, C. TI The effect of Appalachian mountaintop mining on interior forest SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian mountains; coal mining; edge effects; forest loss; interior forest ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NUTRIENT; SCALE; DYNAMICS; SERVICES; CLIMATE AB Southern Appalachian forests are predominantly interior because they are spatially extensive with little disturbance imposed by other uses of the land. Appalachian mountaintop mining increased substantially during the 1990s, posing a threat to the interior character of the forest. We used spatial convolution to identify interior forest at multiple scales on circa 1992 and 2001 land-cover maps of the Southern Appalachians. Our analyses show that interior forest loss was 1.75-5.0 times greater than the direct forest loss attributable to mountaintop mining. Mountaintop mining in the southern Appalachians has reduced forest interior area more extensively than the reduction that would be expected based on changes in overall forest area alone. The loss of Southern Appalachian interior forest is of global significance because of the worldwide rarity of large expanses of temperate deciduous forest. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov; kriitters@fs.fed.us; wade.timothy@epa.gov; coan@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 7 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9040-z PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900003 ER PT J AU Trotter, KW Archer, TK AF Trotter, Kevin W. Archer, Trevor K. TI Nuclear receptors and chromatin remodeling machinery SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 6th Conference on the Adrenal Cortex/Molecular Steroidogenesis Workshop CY JUN 20-23, 2006 CL Boston, MA DE GR; chromatin; epigenetics; SWI/SNF; BRG1; transcriptional activation ID TRANSCRIPTION IN-VIVO; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; MODIFYING COMPLEXES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; RESPONSIVE GENES; HUMAN HOMOLOGS; SWI/SNF; ACTIVATION AB Eukaryotic genetic information is stored within the association of DNA and histone proteins resulting in a dynamic polymer called chromatin. The fundamental structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome which consists of similar to 146 bp of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histones containing two copies each of four core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. It is this DNA/protein fiber that transcription factors and other agents of chromatin metabolism must access and regulate. We have developed model systems to study the mechanisms by which steroid receptors control physiological activities by regulating gene expression within a higher order chromatin organization. Our studies have focused on the glucocorticoid receptor and its ability to remodel chromatin which is mediated by the BRG1 complex. Using novel cell systems, we demonstrate that GR-mediated transactivation from chromatin templates requires BRG1 remodeling activity and that other ATP-dependent remodeling proteins cannot substitute for this activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233 MD C4-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES071006-09] NR 52 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 265 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.015 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 148AH UT WOS:000245046400028 PM 17240047 ER PT J AU Zartarian, V Xue, JP Ozkaynak, H AF Zartarian, Valerie Xue, Jianping Oezkaynak, Haluk TI Response to "A probabilistic arsenic exposure assessment for children who contact CCA-treated playsets and decks, part 1: Model methodology, variability results, and model evaluation" SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Zartarian, V (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00878.x PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 144LS UT WOS:000244798100002 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Chen, BH Wang, BY Huang, C Zhao, J Dai, Y Kan, HD AF Chen, Changhong Chen, Bingheng Wang, Bingyan Huang, Cheng Zhao, Jing Dai, Yi Kan, Haidong TI Low-carbon energy policy and ambient air pollution in Shanghai, China: A health-based economic assessment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE low-carbon development; air pollution; public health; economic evaluation ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; TIME-SERIES; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURE; ADULTS AB Energy and related health issues are of growing concern worldwide today. To investigate the potential public health and economic impact of ambient air pollution under various low-carbon energy scenarios in Shanghai, we estimated the exposure level of Shanghai residents to air pollution under various planned scenarios, and assessed the public health impact using concentration-response functions derived from available epidemiologic studies. We then estimated the corresponding economic values of the health effects based on unit values for each health outcome. Our results show that ambient air pollution in relation to low-carbon energy scenarios could have a significant impact on the future health status of Shanghai residents, both in physical and monetary terms. Compared with the base case scenario, implementation of various low-carbon energy scenarios could prevent 2804-8249 and 9870-23,100 PM10-related avoidable deaths (mid-value) in 2010 and 2020, respectively. It could also decrease incidence of several relevant diseases. The corresponding economic benefits could reach 507.31-1492.33 and 2642.45-6192.11 million U.S. dollars (mid-value) in 2010 and 2020, respectively. These findings illustrate that a low-carbon energy policy will not only decrease the emission of greenhouse gases, but also play an active role in the reduction of air pollutant emissions, improvement of air quality, and promotion of public health. Our estimates can provide useful information to local decision-makers for further cost-benefit analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Shanghai Acad Environm Sci, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. E China Univ Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. RP Kan, HD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM haidongkan@gmail.com NR 33 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 373 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137XK UT WOS:000244326100002 PM 17207519 ER PT J AU Henderson, WM Smith, MA AF Henderson, W. Matthew Smith, Mary Alice TI Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid in fetal and neonatal mice following in utero exposure to 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH); PFOA; PFNA; fetal and neonatal distribution ID PERFLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; TELOMER-B ALCOHOL; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; FATTY-ACIDS; WEAK ACIDS AB 8-2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) and its metabolites, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), are developmental toxicants but metabolism and distribution during pregnancy are not known. To examine this, timed-pregnant mice received a single gavage dose (30 mg 8-2 FTOH/ kg body weight) on gestational day (GD) 8. Maternal and neonatal serum and liver as well as fetal and neonatal homogenate extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. During gestation (GD9 to GD18), maternal serum and liver concentrations of PFOA decreased from 789 41 to 668 +/- 23 ng/ml and from 673 +/- 23 to 587 +/- 55 ng/g, respectively. PFOA was transferred to the developing fetuses as early as 24-h posttreatment with concentrations increasing from 45 9 ng/g (GD10) to 140 +/- 32 ng/g (GD18), while PFNA was quantifiable only at GD18 (31 +/- 4 ng/g). Post-partum, maternal serum PFOA concentrations decreased from 451 21 ng/ml postnatal day (PND) I to 52 +/- 19 ng/ml (PND15) and PFNA concentrations, although fivefold less, exhibited a similar trend. Immediately after birth, pups were cross-fostered with dams that had been treated during gestation with 8-2 FTOH (T) or vehicle (C) resulting in four treatment groups in which the first letter represents in utero (fetal) exposure and the second represents lactational (neonatal) exposure: C/C, T/C, C/T, T/T. On PND1, neonatal whole-body homogenate concentrations of PFOA from T/T and T/C groups averaged 200 +/- 26 ng/g, decreased to 149 +/- 19 ng/g at PND3 and this decreasing trend was seen in both neonatal liver and serum from PND3 to PND15. Based on detectible amounts of PFOA in neonatal serum in the C/T group on PND3 (57 11 ng/ml) and on PND15 (58 +/- 3 ng/ml), we suggest that the neonates were exposed through lactation. In conclusion, exposure of neonates to PFOA and PFNA occurs both pre- and postnatally following maternal 8-2 FTOH exposure on GD8. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Food Safety, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Henderson, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Henderson.matt@epa.gov NR 59 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 452 EP 461 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl162 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 130GL UT WOS:000243787800018 PM 17093205 ER PT J AU Wolf, CJ Fenton, SE Schmid, JE Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Bryant, XA Thibodeaux, J Das, KP White, SS Lau, CS Abbott, BD AF Wolf, Cynthia J. Fenton, Suzanne E. Schmid, Judith E. Calafat, Antonia M. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Bryant, Xavier A. Thibodeaux, Julie Das, Kaberi P. White, Sally S. Lau, Christopher S. Abbott, Barbara D. TI Developmental toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid in the CD-1 mouse after cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanoic acid; developmental toxicity; cross-foster; prenatal sensitivity ID PERFLUORINATED ORGANIC-ACIDS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HUMAN SERUM; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; FEMALE RATS; SULFONATE; PFOS; TOXICOLOGY; PREGNANCY AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent pollutant and is detectable in human serum (5 ng/ml in the general population of the Unites States). PFOA is used in the production of fluoropolymers which have applications in the manufacture of a variety of industrial and commercial products (e.g., textiles, house wares, electronics). PFOA is developmentally toxic and in mice affects growth, development, and viability of offspring. This study segregates the contributions of gestational and lactational exposures and considers the impact of restricting exposure to specific gestational periods. Pregnant CD-1 mice were dosed on gestation days (GD) 1-17 with 0, 3, or 5 mg PFOA/kg body weight, and pups were fostered at birth to give seven treatment groups: unexposed controls, pups exposed in utero (3U and 5U), lactationally (3L and 5L), or in utero + lactationally (3U + L and 5U + L). In the restricted exposure (RE) study, pregnant mice received 5 mg PFOA/kg from GD7-17, 10-17, 13-17, or 15-17 or 20 mg on GD15-17. In all PFOA-treated groups, dam weight gain, number of implantations, and live litter size were not adversely affected and relative liver weight increased. Treatment with 5 mg/kg on GDI-17 increased the incidence of whole litter loss and pups in surviving litters had reduced birth weights, but effects on pup survival from birth to weaning were only affected in 5U + L litters. In utero exposure (5U), in the absence of lactational exposure, was sufficient to produce postnatal body weight deficits and developmental delay in the pups. In the RE study, birth weight and survival were reduced by 20 mg/kg on GD15-17. Birth weight was also reduced by 5 mg/kg on GD7-17 and 10-17. Although all PFOA-exposed on GD7-17 and 10-17 also showed developmental delay in eye opening and hair growth. In conclusion, the postnatal developmental effects of PFOA are due to gestational exposure. Exposure earlier in gestation produced stronger responses, but further study is needed to determine if this is a function of higher total dose or if there is a developmentally sensitive period. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab Bldg,2525 E, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 45 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl159 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 130GL UT WOS:000243787800019 PM 17098816 ER PT J AU Rayner, JL Enoch, RR Wolf, DC Fenton, SE AF Rayner, Jennifer L. Enoch, Rolondo R. Wolf, Douglas C. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Atrazine-induced reproductive tract alterations after transplacental and/or lactational exposure in male Long-Evans rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; prostate; lactation; inflammation; endocrine disruptor ID PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; WISTAR RATS; PROLACTIN; PROTOCOL; PROSTATE AB Studies showed that early postnatal exposure to the herbicide atrazine (ATR) delayed preputial separation (PPS) and increased incidence of prostate inflammation in adult Wistar rats. A cross-fostering paradigm was used in this study to determine if gestational exposure to ATR would also result in altered puberty and reproductive tissue effects in the male rat. Timed-pregnant Long-Evans (LE) rats were dosed by gavage on gestational days (GD) 15-19 with 100 mg ATR/kg body weight (BW) or 1% methylcellulose (controls, C). On postnatal day (PND) 1, half litters were cross-fostered, creating 4 treatment groups; C-C, ATR-C, C-ATR, and ATR-ATR (transplacental-milk as source, respectively). On PND4, male offspring in the ATR-ATR group weighed significantly less than the C-C males. ATR-ATR male pups had significantly delayed preputial separation (PPS). BWs at PPS for C-ATR and ATR-ATR males were reduced by 6% and 9%, respectively, from that of C-C. On PND120, lateral prostate weights of males in the ATR-ATR group were significantly increased over C-C. Histological examination of lateral and ventral prostates identified an increased distribution of inflammation in the lateral prostates of C-ATR males. By PND220, lateral prostate weights were significantly increased for ATR-C and ATR-ATR, but there were no significant changes in inflammation in either the lateral or ventral prostate. These results suggest that in LE rats, gestational ATR exposure delays PPS when male offspring suckle an ATR dam, but leads to increased lateral prostate weight via transplacental exposure alone. Inflammation present at PND120 does not increase in severity with time. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 218 IS 3 BP 238 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.020 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 137HN UT WOS:000244283800004 PM 17204298 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Lavrich, RJ AF Hays, Michael D. Lavrich, Richard J. TI Developments in direct thermal extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of fine aerosols SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; GC-MS; PM2.5; organic marker; source apportionment; thermal extraction ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOLECULAR TRACERS; DESORPTION GC/MS AB This review examines thermal extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TE-GC-MS) applied to aerosols collected on filters. Several different TE-GC-MS systems as a group have speciated hundreds of individual organic constituents in ambient fine aerosols. Improved molecular marker source apportionment (chemical mass balance) may be one of the benefits of further developing TE-GC-MS to determine organic aerosol composition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epamail.epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 46 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 88 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2006.08.007 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 144VB UT WOS:000244823300011 ER PT J AU Diamond, JM Eaton, AD Annis, C Vitale, R Brass, HJ AF Diamond, Jerome M. Eaton, Andrew D. Annis, Clifford, Jr. Vitale, Rock Brass, Herbert J. TI A performance-based framework for demonstrating appropriate use of an alternate method for wastewater compliance monitoring SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE method flexibility; performance-based system; wastewater monitoring; comparability; method verification; chemical oxygen demand AB The choice of wastewater compliance methods used in the United States has been largely prescribed; however, in some cases, this has led to data of unknown or poor quality. This problem is further compounded by the relatively slow regulatory approval process to incorporate discharge-specific method modifications or flexibility to using alternate, potentially better technologies. In this study, a framework is presented, using a performance-based-system approach, which a discharger could use to verify proper use of an alternate or modified method. An example, using two chemical oxygen demand methods (a currently approved method and an alternate method that does not generate hazardous waste) demonstrates that the protocol is simple to use, yet scientifically defensible and effective and that this approach should be readily understandable to both regulators and the regulated community. Our results also suggest that the reference method approach, without associated measurement quality objectives, may yield a false sense of competency with an alternate method. C1 Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. MWH Labs, Monrovia, CA USA. Paraexcel Consulting Inc, Quakertown, PA USA. Environm Stand Inc, Valley Forge, PA USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Diamond, JM (reprint author), Tetra Tech, 400 Red Brook Blvd,Suite 200, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. EM jerry.diamond@tetratech.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.2175/106143006X101980 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 155LH UT WOS:000245578400012 PM 17370847 ER PT J AU Sun, G Grindstaff, RD Thai, SF Lambert, GR Tully, DB Dix, DJ Nesnow, S AF Sun, G. Grindstaff, R. D. Thai, S. -F. Lambert, G. R. Tully, D. B. Dix, D. J. Nesnow, S. TI Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in rat liver by two conazoles, myclobutanil and triadimefon SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; triadimefon; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); cytochrome P450 (CYP); alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation; Western blots; 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD); 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (BROD); 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD); 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD); CYP2B1; CYP3A23/3A1; CYP3A2 ID BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITING FUNGICIDES; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; QUAIL COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME-P450; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES; MOUSE-LIVER; IN-VITRO AB This study was undertaken to examine the inductive effects of two triazole antifungal agents, myclobutanil and triadimefon, on the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes and on the activities of CYP enzymes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were dosed with the conazoles at three dose levels by gavage for 14 days: myclobutanil (150, 75, and 10 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1)),triadimefon (115, 50, and 10 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1)), which included their maximum tolerated dose levels (MTD). Both myclobutanil and triadimefon significantly induced pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase activities at their MTD levels: myclobutanil, 8.1-fold at 150 mg kg(-1), body weight day(-1); and triadimefon, 18.5-fold at 115 mg kg(-1) body weight day. Benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase activities were similarly increased: myclobutanil, 13.3-fold; triadimefon, 27.7-fold. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were used to characterize the mRNA expression of specific CYP genes induced by these two conazoles. Myclobutanil and triadimefon treatment at their MTD levels significantly increased rat hepatic mRNA expression of CYP2B1 (14.3- and 54.6-fold), CYP3A23/3A1 (2.2- and 7.3-fold), and CYP3A2 (1.5- and 1.7-fold). Western immunoblots of rat hepatic microsomal proteins identified significantly increased levels of CYP isoforms after myclobutanil or triadimefon treatment at their MTD levels: CYP2B1/2 (4.8- and 5.3-fold), and CYP3A1 (2.2- and 2.9-fold). Triadimefon also increased CYP3A2 immunoreactive protein levels 1.8-fold. These results indicate that triadimefon and myclobutanil, like other triazole-containing conazoles, induced CYP2B and CYP3A families of cytochromes in rat liver. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 180 EP 193 DI 10.1080/00498250601059942 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 143UR UT WOS:000244752400006 PM 17484520 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Ware, MW Wymer, LJ Schaefer, FW AF Miller, Thomas A. Ware, Michael W. Wymer, Larry J. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Chemically and genetically immunocompromised mice are not more susceptible than immunocompetent mice to infection with Cryptosporidium muris SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium muris; infective dose; ID50; immunosuppression; methylprednisolone acetate ID PROTOZOAN PARASITES; HEALTHY-ADULTS; PARVUM; IMMUNITY; HOST; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PURIFICATION; DISEASES; MUCIN; NUDE AB The prevailing paradigm is that immunosuppressed individuals are more susceptible to infection and are at higher risk of infection from Cryptosporidium oocysts if present in drinking water. To test this hypothesis, three immune conditions were examined: genetically immunocompromised T cell deficient CD-1 nude mice, B and T cell deficient Fox Chase CB-17/IcrCIB SCID mice, and chemically immunosuppressed C57B1/6 mice. Chemical immunosuppression was induced with a single subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) at 600 mg/kg. The MPA immunosuppressed C57B1/6 mice were characterized by a sustained decrease in circulating CD3, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes of greater than 80% and a similar decrease in B-lymphocytes. A sharp rise in circulating mature segmented neutrophils followed MPA injection, dropping sharply after 10-14 days, mirroring the decrease in lymphocytes. The cessation of oocyst production after MPA was not accompanied by a radical rise in circulating CD3 or CD4 T-lymphocytes, but rather a rise in CD8 T-lymphocytes. The ID50 for the MPA immunosuppressed C57B1/6 mice was 122 oocysts, whereas the ID50 for the C57B1/6 immunocompetent group was 44. The genetically immunocompromised mice showed similar differences. The ID50 for CD-1 nude mice was 166 oocysts compared to 64 in CD-1 immunocompetent mice. For Fox Chase CB-17/IcrC1B SCID and the immunocompetent CB-17 mice, the ID50's were 83 and 60 oocysts, respectively. These results suggest that the lack of an immune response does not increase the ability of C muris to establish a productive infection and produce oocysts. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaefer, FW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Schaefer.Frank@EPA.GOV NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.012 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 130TZ UT WOS:000243823200001 PM 16962704 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Jones, R Durnford, J Lordo, RA AF Chuang, Jane C. Van Emon, Jeanette M. Jones, Randy Durnford, Joyce Lordo, Robert A. TI Development and application of immunoaffinity column chromatography for atrazine in complex sample media SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE immunoaffinity column; atrazine; soil; sediment; duplicate-diet food; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoassay ID S-TRIAZINES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; CLEANUP PROCEDURE; SWINE LIVER; WATER; SOIL; EXTRACTION; IVERMECTIN AB A rabbit antibody immunoaffinity (IA) column procedure was evaluated as a cleanup method for the determination of atrazine in soil, sediment, and food. Four IA columns were prepared by immobilizing a polyclonal rabbit anti-atrazine antibody solution to HiTrap Sepharose columns. Atrazine was bound to the IA columns when the loading solvents were either 100% water, 2% acetonitrile in water, or 10% methanol in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Quantitative removal of atrazine from the IA columns was achieved with elution solvents of either 70% ethanol in water, 70% methanol in water, or 100% methanol. One control column was prepared using nonspecific rabbit IgG antibody. This control column did not retain any applied atrazine indicating atrazine did not bind indiscriminately to protein or the Sepharose support. The four IA columns showed reproducible coupling efficiency for the immobilization of the atrazine antibody and consistent binding and releasing of atrazine. The coupling efficiency (4.25 mg of antibody in 1 mL of resinbed) for the four IA columns ranged from 93 to 97% with an average of 96 +/- 2% (2.1%). Recoveries of the 500, 50, and 5 ng mL(-1) atrazine standard solutions from the four IA columns were 107 +/- 7% (6.5%), 122 +/- 14% (12%), and 114 +/- 9% (8.0%) respectively, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data. The maximum loading was approximately 700 ng of atrazine for each IA column (similar to 0.16 mu g of atrazine per mg of antibody). The IA columns could withstand 100% methanol as the elution solvent and could be reused more than 50 times with no change in performance. The IA columns were challenged with soil, sediment, and duplicate-diet food samples and effectively removed interferences from these various matrices for subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GUMS) or ELISA analysis. The log-transformed ELISA and GC/MS data were significantly correlated for soil, sediment and food samples although the ELISA values were slightly higher than those obtained by GUMS. The IA column cleanup procedure coupled with ELISA analysis could be used as an alternative effective analytical method for the determination of atrazine in complex sample media such as soil, sediment, and food samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. EM chuangj@battelle.org NR 29 TC 30 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 583 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.060 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 129CH UT WOS:000243705500005 PM 17386523 ER PT J AU Fricke, M Zeller, M Cullen, W Witkowski, M Creed, J AF Fricke, Michael Zeller, Matthias Cullen, William Witkowski, Mark Creed, John TI Dimethylthioarsinic anhydride: A standard for arsenic speciation SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry; dimethylarsinic acid; dimethylarsinothioic acid; hydrogen sulfide; speciation ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; HUMAN URINE; TOXICITY; METABOLITES; ARSENOSUGAR; INGESTION; COMPOUND; WATER AB Dimethylthioarsinic acid (DMTA(V)) has recently been identified in biological, dietary and environmental matrices. The relevance of this compound to the toxicity of arsenic in humans is unknown and further exposure assessment and metabolic studies are difficult to conduct because of the unavailability of a well characterized standard. The synthesis of DMTA(V) was accomplished by the reaction of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) with hydrogen sulfide. The initial reaction product produced is DMTA(V) but multiple products over the course of the reaction are also observed. Therefore, a chromatographic separation was developed to monitor the reaction progress via LC-ICP-MS. In this synthesis, conversion of DMA(V) to DMTA(V) was not taken to completion to avoid the production of side products. The product was isolated from the starting material by standard organic techniques. Single crystal diffraction demonstrated that solid DMTA(V) is present in the form of the oxygen-bridged dimethylthioarsinic anhydride. Dissolution of the anhydride in water produces the acid form of DMTA(V) and the aqueous phase DMTA(V) provided a characteristic molecular ion of m/z 155 by LC-ESI-MS. The synthesis and isolation of dimethylthioarsinic anhydride provides a stable crystalline standard suitable for identification, toxicological study and exposure assessment of dimethylthioarsinic acid. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, STaRBURST Cyberdiffract Consortium, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Vibrat Spect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. RP Creed, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009; Zeller, Matthias/C-2255-2009 OI Zeller, Matthias/0000-0002-3305-852X NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 583 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.048 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 129CH UT WOS:000243705500011 PM 17386529 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Winters, D Ferrario, J Byrne, C Greene, C AF Lorber, Matthew Winters, Dwain Ferrario, Joseph Byrne, Christian Greene, Christopher TI Survey of dioxin-like compounds in dairy feeds in the United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diary feeds; dioxin-like compounds ID RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FURANS; LEVEL; PCBS; FOOD; BEEF AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has completed a survey of dioxin-like compounds (including 17 dioxin and furan (CDD/F) congeners and 12 coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners) in dairy feeds from 10 dairy research facilities around the United States, sampling the overall mixtures and the major and minor feed components. Low levels of dioxin were found in all feed mixtures with an average concentration of 0.05 pg/g (ppt) toxic equivalent (TEQ) dry weight. This is lower than previously found in dairy feeds by about a factor of 4. While it is possible that generally lower levels of dioxins in the environment in recent years may explain this result, examinations of the data suggest that the oven drying used to prepare the wet feed samples could have resulted in a loss of dioxins from the feed materials. The percentage of the total TEQ due to CDD/Fs was about four times that of PCBs. Leafy vegetations in the feed (the silages and the hays) had concentrations about twice as high as nonleafy, protected vegetation of the feeds (the ground or meal corn, cottonseed, and others). Minor components did not significantly influence the final feed mixture concentration of dioxin TEQ. However, in one of the feed mixtures, a minor component with a high concentration of 38.5 ppt TEQ effectively doubled the concentration of the overall feed mixture. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Versar Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1021/jf062731+ PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 126HQ UT WOS:000243503900029 PM 17227069 ER PT J AU Fomenko, DE Xing, WB Adair, BM Thomas, DJ Gladyshev, VN AF Fomenko, Dmitri E. Xing, Weibing Adair, Blakely M. Thomas, David J. Gladyshev, Vadim N. TI High-throughput identification of catalytic redox-active cysteine residues SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELENOCYSTEINE INSERTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; METHYLTRANSFERASE; OXIDATION; INSIGHT; CLUSTER AB Cysteine (Cys) residues often play critical roles in proteins; however, identification of their specific functions has been limited to case-by-case experimental approaches. We developed a procedure for high-throughput identification of catalytic redox-active Cys in proteins by searching for sporadic selenocysteine-Cys pairs in sequence databases. This method is independent of protein family, structure, and taxon. We used it to selectively detect the majority of known proteins with redox-active Cys and to make additional predictions, one of which was verified. Rapid accumulation of sequence information from genomic and metagenomic projects should allow detection of many additional oxidoreductase families as well as identification of redox-active Cys in these proteins. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gladyshev, VN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM vgladyshev1@unl.edu RI Gladyshev, Vadim/A-9894-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG021518]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM061603] NR 22 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5810 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1126/science.1133114 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 126SI UT WOS:000243535400045 PM 17234949 ER PT J AU Baird, DD Dunson, DB Hill, MC Cousins, D Schectman, JM AF Baird, Donna Day Dunson, David B. Hill, Michael C. Cousins, Deborah Schectman, Joel M. TI Association of physical activity with development of uterine leiomyoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; causality; exercise; leiomyoma; ultrasonics ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; BODY-SIZE; RISK; EXERCISE; FIBROIDS; DISEASE; CANCER AB The relation between physical activity and uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) has received little study, but exercise is protective for breast cancer, another hormonally mediated tumor. Participants in this study were randomly selected members of a health plan based in Washington, DC, aged 35-49 years (734 African Americans, 455 Whites) enrolled between 1996 and 1999. Fibroid status was based on ultrasound screening. Physical activity was based on detailed interview questions. Logistic regression with adjustment for body mass index and other risk factors showed that women in the highest category of physical activity were significantly less likely to have fibroids (odds ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval = 0.4, 0.9 for the highest vs. the lowest category (equivalent to approximately >= 7 hours/week vs. < 2 hours/week)). There was a dose-response pattern; a significant trend was seen for both African-American and White women. A multistate Bayesian analysis indicated that exercise was associated with tumor onset more strongly than with tumor growth. When data for women who reported major fibroid-related symptoms were excluded, results remained essentially unchanged, suggesting that the observed association could not be attributed to reverse causation (fibroids preventing exercise). The authors concluded that regular exercise might help women prevent fibroids. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human SErv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Coda Res Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Hlth Care Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Baird, DD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human SErv, NIH, A3-05,111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Room 308,POB 1, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM baird@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj363 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 126EQ UT WOS:000243495400006 PM 17090618 ER PT J AU Sivertsen, A Lie, RT Wilcox, AJ Abyholm, F Vindenes, H Haukanes, BI Houge, G AF Sivertsen, Ase Lie, Rolv Terje Wilcox, Allen J. Abyholm, Frank Vindenes, Hallvard Haukanes, Bjorn Ivar Houge, Gunnar TI Prevalence of duplications and deletions of the 22q11 DiGeorge syndrome region in a population-based sample of infants with cleft palate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE cleft palate; DiGeorge syndrome; del22q11; syndrome; 22q11.2 deletions; 22q11.2 duplications ID DISCORDANT PHENOTYPES; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; CHROMOSOME 22Q11; MICRODUPLICATION; MALFORMATIONS; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; FEATURES AB The prevalence of duplications and deletions of the 22q11.2 (DiGeorge syndrome) region was Studied among babies born in Norway with open cleft palate Without cleft lip (cleft palate only, CPO). During a 5-year period (1996-2001), there were 245 live births with CPO that were referred for surgery. DNA was available from 174 cases with overt cleft palate. DNA copy number was analyzed with the Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique, and an unambiguous result was obtained in 169 (97%) of the samples. We found no 22q11.2 duplications, and one known. and two previously undiagnosed cases with 22q11.2 deletions. All three del22q11-syndrorne cases also had heart malformations, which represent one-third of the 10 babies with heart malformations in our study population, The prevalence of del22q11-syndrome among babies with cleft palate with or without additional malformations Was I of 57 (1.8%). Because the prevalence of CPO in the 35 22q11.2 duplication cases published was 20%, we also investigated if dup22q11-testing was warranted in this group. However, no 22q11.2 duplications were found, indicating that the duplication cases ascertained so far might not be representative of the dup22q11-group as a whole. We conclude that neither del22q11 nor dup22q11 testing is warranted in babies with overt cleft palate as the only finding. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hth Care, NO-5018 Bergen, Norway. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Durham, NC USA. Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Plast Surg, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. Haukeland Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Haukeland Hosp, Ctr Med Genet & Mol Med, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. RP Sivertsen, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hth Care, Kalfarveien 31, NO-5018 Bergen, Norway. EM ase.sivertsen@isf.uib.no OI Haukanes, Bjorn Ivar/0000-0003-1559-3366; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31445 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 124GZ UT WOS:000243357600005 PM 17163526 ER PT J AU Carey, MA Card, JW Bradbury, JA Moorman, MP Haykal-Coates, N Gavett, SH Graves, LP Walker, VR Flake, GP Voltz, JW Zhu, DL Jacobs, ER Dakhama, A Larsen, GL Loader, JE Gelfand, EW Germolec, DR Korach, KS Zeldin, DC AF Carey, Michelle A. Card, Jeffrey W. Bradbury, J. Alyce Moorman, Michael P. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Gavett, Stephen H. Graves, Loan P. Walker, Vickie R. Flake, Gordon P. Voltz, James W. Zhu, Daling Jacobs, Elizabeth R. Dakhama, Azzeddine Larsen, Gary L. Loader, Joan E. Gelfand, Erwin W. Germolec, Dori R. Korach, Kenneth S. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Spontaneous airway hyperresponsiveness in estrogen receptor-alpha-deficient mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lung function; asthma; hype rreactivity; M2 muscarinic receptor; estrogen receptor ID PULMONARY PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ER-ALPHA; REFLEX BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; MURINE MODEL; BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; LUNG PARENCHYMA; SMOOTH-MUSCLE AB Rationale: Airway hyperresponsiveness is a critical feature of asthma. Substantial epidemiologic evidence supports a role for female sex hormones in modulating lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness in humans. Objectives: To examine the role of estrogen receptors in modulating lung function and airway responsiveness using estrogen receptor-deficient mice. Methods: Lung function was assessed by a combination of whole-body barometric plethysmography, invasive measurement of airway resistance, and isometric force measurements in isolated bronchial rings. M2 muscarinic receptor expression was assessed by Western blotting, and function was assessed by electrical field stimulation of tracheas in the presence/absence of gallamine. Allergic airway disease was examined after ovalbumin sensitization and exposure. Measurements and Main Results: Estrogen receptor-a knockout mice exhibit a variety of lung function abnormalities and have enhanced airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and serotonin under basal conditions. This is associated with reduced M2 muscarinic receptor expression and function in the lungs. Absence of estrogen receptor-alpha also leads to increased airway responsiveness without increased inflammation after allergen sensitization and challenge. Conclusions: These data suggest that estrogen receptor-a is a critical regulator of airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. C1 NIH, NIEHS, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Dept Physiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Cell Biol, Denver, CO USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), NIH, NIEHS, Div Intramural Res, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Room D236, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101885-03]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL036577, P01 HL036577-21A15977] NR 65 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 175 IS 2 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1164/rccm.200509-1493OC PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 126JF UT WOS:000243508500006 PM 17095746 ER PT J AU Cash, GG AF Cash, Gordon G. TI The number of n-cycles in a graph SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE immanants; number of n-cycles; adjacency matrix; graph theory ID HEXAGONAL SYSTEMS; POLYNOMIALS AB Recently, Chang and Fu [Y.C. Chang, H.L. Fu, The number of 6-cycles in a graph, Bull. Inst. Combin. Appl. 39 (2003) 27-30] derived an exact expression, based on powers of the adjacency matrix, for the number of 6-cycles in a graph. Here, I demonstrate a method for obtaining the number of n-cycles in a graph from the immanants of the adjacency matrix. The method is applicable to cycles of all sizes and to sets of disjoint cycles of any sizes, and the cycles in the set need not be the same size. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Risk Assessment Div 7403 M, New Chem Screening & Assessment Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Risk Assessment Div 7403 M, New Chem Screening & Assessment Branch, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cash.gordon@epa.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 184 IS 2 BP 1080 EP 1083 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.06.085 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 167DP UT WOS:000246431500091 ER PT J AU Zwiener, C Richardson, SD De Marini, DM Grummt, T Glauner, T Frimmel, FH AF Zwiener, Christian Richardson, Susan D. De Marini, David M. Grummt, Tamara Glauner, Thomas Frimmel, Fritz H. TI Drowning in disinfection byproducts? Assessing swimming pool water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DRINKING-WATER; MUTATION SPECTRA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; TRIHALOMETHANE CONCENTRATIONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SALMONELLA TA100 AB Disinfection is mandatory for swimming pools: public pools are usually disinfected by gaseous chlorine or sodium hypochlorite and cartridge filters; home pools typically use stabilized chlorine. These methods produce a variety of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which are regulated carcinogenic DBPs in drinking water that have been detected in the blood and breath of swimmers and of nonswimmers at indoor pools. Also produced are halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) and haloketones, which irritate the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; trichloramine, which is linked with swimming-pool-associated asthma; and halogenated derivatives of UV sun screens, some of which show endocrine effects. Precursors of DBPs include human body substances, chemicals used in cosmetics and sun screens, and natural organic matter. Analytical research has focused also on the identification of an additional portion of unknown DBPs using gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS with derivatization. Children swimmers have an increased risk of developing asthma and infections of the respiratory tract and ear. A 1.6-2.0-fold increased risk for bladder cancer has been associated with swimming or showering/bathing with chlorinated water. Bladder cancer risk from THM exposure (all routes combined) was greatest among those with the GSTT1-1 gene. This suggests a mechanism involving distribution of THMs to the bladder by dermal/inhalation exposure and activation there by GSTT1-1 to mutagens. DBPs may be reduced by engineering and behavioral means, such as applying new oxidation and filtration methods, reducing bromide and iodide in the source water, increasing air circulation in indoor pools, and assuring the cleanliness of swimmers. The positive health effects gained by swimming can be increased by reducing the potential adverse health risks. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Fed Environm Agcy, Bad Elster, Germany. RP Zwiener, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM christian.zwiener@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 88 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 15 U2 134 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1021/es062367v PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200010 PM 17310693 ER PT J AU Surratt, JD Kroll, JH Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO Claeys, M Sorooshian, A Ng, NL Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Surratt, Jason D. Kroll, Jesse H. Kleindienst, Taduesz E. Edney, Edward O. Claeys, Magda Sorooshian, Armin Ng, Nga L. Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Evidence for organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFURIC-ACID; PARTICULATE MATTER; ALPHA-PINENE; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; ACCRETION REACTIONS; PHASE REACTIONS; SULFATE ESTERS; HUMIC-LIKE; ISOPRENE; PRODUCTS AB Recent work has shown that particle-phase reactions contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), with enhancements of SOA yields in the presence of acidic seed aerosol. In this study, the chemical composition of SOA from the photooxidations of alpha-pinene and isoprene, in the presence or absence of sulfate seed aerosol, is investigated through a series of controlled chamber experiments in two separate laboratories. By using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, sulfate esters in SOA produced in laboratory photooxidation experiments are identified for the first time. Sulfate esters are found to account for a larger fraction of the SOA mass when the acidity of seed aerosol is increased, a result consistent with aerosol acidity increasing SOA formation. Many of the isoprene and alpha-pinene sulfate esters identified in these chamber experiments are also found in ambient aerosol collected at several locations in the southeastern U.S. It is likely that this pathway is important for other biogenic terpenes, and may be important in the formation of humic-like substances (HULIS) in ambient aerosol. C1 CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 NR 41 TC 277 Z9 283 U1 11 U2 163 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 517 EP 527 DI 10.1021/es062081q PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200033 PM 17310716 ER PT J AU Muellner, MG Wagner, ED McCalla, K Richardson, SD Woo, YT Plewa, MJ AF Muellner, Mark G. Wagner, Elizabeth D. McCalla, Kristin Richardson, Susan D. Woo, Yin-Tak Plewa, Michael J. TI Haloacetonitriles vs. regulated haloacetic acids: Are nitrogen-containing DBPs more toxic? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; MAMMALIAN-CELL CYTOTOXICITY; AMES-FLUCTUATION TEST; DRINKING-WATER; HALOGENATED ACETONITRILES; CHLORINE DISINFECTION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY; GLUTATHIONE; MODULATION AB Haloacetonitriles (HANs) are toxic nitrogenous drinking water disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) and are observed with chlorine, chloramine, or chlorine dioxide disinfection. Using microplate-based Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assays for chronic cytotoxicity and acute genotoxicity, we analyzed 7 HANs: iodoacetonitrile (IAN), bromoacetonitrile (BAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), and trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN). The cytotoxic potency (%C1/2 values) ranged from 2.8 mu M (DBAN) to 0.16 mM (TCAN), with a descending rank order of DBAN > IAN approximate to BAN > BCAN > DCAN > CAN > TCAN. HANs induced acute genomic DNA damage; the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) genotoxicity potency ranged from 37 mu M (IAN) to 2.7 mM (DCAN). The rank order of declining genotoxicity was IAN > BAN approximate to DBAN > BCAN > CAN > TCAN > DCAN. The accompanying structure-activity analysis of these HANs was in general agreement with the genotoxicity rank order. These data were incorporated into our growing quantitative comparative DBP cytotoxicity and genotoxicity databases. As a chemical class, the HANs are more toxic than regulated carbon-based DBPs, such as the haloacetic acids. The toxicity of N-DBPs may become a health concern because of the increased use of alternative disinfectants, such as chloramines, which may enhance the formation of N-DBPs, including HANs. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mplewa@uiuc.edu NR 35 TC 216 Z9 240 U1 21 U2 185 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 645 EP 651 DI 10.1021/es0617441 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200052 PM 17310735 ER PT J AU Reisman, DJ Sundaram, V Al-Abed, SR Allen, D AF Reisman, David J. Sundaram, Vijayakumar Al-Abed, Souhail R. Allen, Derrick TI Statistical validation of sulfate quantification methods used for analysis of acid mine drainage SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE sulfate; mine water; turbidimetric method; ion chromatography; ICP-AES; acid digestion; AMD; ARD ID PLASMA EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; TURBIDIMETRIC DETERMINATION; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; BARIUM-SULFATE; NATURAL-WATERS; SULFUR; ION; SAMPLES AB Turbidimetric method (TM), ion chromatography (IQ and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with and without acid digestion have been compared and validated for the determination of sulfate in mining wastewater. Analytical methods were chosen to compare the performance of a portable field turbidimetric instrument and to validate the underlying assumption utilized in conversion of total sulfur to sulfate during ICP-AES analysis. Accuracy and precision of analytical techniques were compared to one another using control and field samples collected from a mine site using the Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Effects of sample dilution, filter pore size and acidification on sulfate quantification were also studied. The results showed that IC and lCP-AES with and without acid digestion provided excellent recoveries in the case of control samples (within 90-110%). These analytical methods also showed lower relative standard deviation for both control and field samples. On the other hand, performance of the turbidimetric method was severely affected by sample dilution and acidification, and also revealed poor sulfate recoveries for control samples ranging from 0 to 83.5%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the response (sulfate concentration) obtained from factorial design. Analytical method had significant effect (P < 0.0001) on the sulfate quantification. The interaction between determination method and sample dilution was more significant than other two-way interactions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.04.002 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 134CG UT WOS:000244059600046 PM 19071304 ER PT J AU Biers, EJ Zepp, RG Moran, MA AF Biers, Erin J. Zepp, Richard G. Moran, Mary Ann TI The role of nitrogen in chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter formation SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CDOM; nitrogen; microbial activity; photochemical reactions; EEM; dissolved organic matter ID MARINE HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; SARGASSO-SEA; AMINO-ACIDS; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; BALTIC SEA; SEAWATER; CARBON; OCEAN; ABSORPTION AB Microbial and photochemical processes affect chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) dynamics in the ocean. Some evidence suggests that dissolved nitrogen plays a role in CDOM formation, although this has received little systematic attention in marine ecosystems. Coastal seawater incubations were carried out in the presence of model dissolved organic nitrogen (DON: amino sugars and amino acids) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) compounds to assess their role in biological and photochemical production of CDOM. For several of the dissolved N compounds, microbial processing resulted in a pulse of CDOM that was mainly labile, appearing and disappearing within 7 days. In contrast, a net loss of CDOM occurred when no N was added to the microbial incubations. The greatest net biological CDOM formation was found upon addition of amino sugars (formation of fluorescent, mostly labile CDOM) and tryptophan (formation of non-fluorescent, refractory CDOM). Photochemical formation of CDOM was only found with tryptophan, the one aromatic compound tested. This CDOM was highly fluorescent, with excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) resembling those of terrestrial, humic-like fluorophores. The heterogeneity in CDOM formation from this collection of labile N-containing compounds was surprising. These compounds are common components of biopolymers and humic substances in natural waters and likely to contribute to microbially- and photochemically-produced CDOM in coastal seawater. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Moran, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mmoran@uga.edu RI Moran, Mary Ann/B-6939-2012; OI Moran, Mary Ann/0000-0002-0702-8167 NR 62 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 46 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.003 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 128TN UT WOS:000243681700004 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Jaoui, M Edney, EO AF Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Jaoui, Mohammed Edney, Edward O. TI Ozone-isoprene reaction: Re-examination of the formation of secondary organic aerosol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOOXIDATION; ACID AB The reaction of ozone and isoprene has been studied to examine physical and chemical characteristics of the secondary organic aerosol formed. Using a scanning mobility particle sizer, the volume distribution of the aerosol was found in the range 0.05-0.2 mu m. The aerosol yield was estimated to be 0.01, a value which is a factor of 5-10 higher than previous reports. The aerosol formation is complicated by the presence of minor impurities in the isoprene and the fact that OH-radicals produced in the ozonolysis can react with isoprene to produce organic aerosol. Without an OH-radical scavenger present, up to 50% of the observed aerosol comes from the OH channel. A GC-MS analysis of the products of the composite aerosol showed that two methyl tetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid are formed which can be attributed to the OH reaction channel. A measurement of the effective enthalpy of vaporization using a volatility differential mobility analyzer found the aerosol to have Delta H-eff of -42 kJ mol(-1), a value at the upper end of the range of organic aerosols previously studied. Even with the increased yield found in this study, the ozonolysis reaction probably remains a minor contributor to secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 from the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Al Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01805 DI 10.1029/2006GL027485 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124EW UT WOS:000243351300001 ER PT S AU Barrett, WM Pons, M von Wedel, L Braunschweig, B AF Barrett, William M. Pons, Michel von Wedel, Lars Braunschweig, Bertrand BE Plesu, V Agachi, PS TI An Overview of the Interoperability Roadmap for COM/.NET-Based CAPE-OPEN SO 17TH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS ENGINEERING SE Computer Aided Chemical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-17) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP Univ Bucharest, Univ Cluj Napoca DE CAPE-OPEN; Component Object Model (COM); Microsoft. NET; Interoperability AB The CAPE-OPEN standard interfaces have been designed to permit flexibility and modularization of process simulation environments (PMEs) in order to use process modeling components such as unit operation or thermodynamic property models across a range of tools employed in the lifecycle of chemical process systems engineering. Technical foundations of interoperable software are constantly changing and Microsoft is nowadays declaring. NET and a successor to COM which has been the major platform for numerous CAPE-OPEN components so far. In order to ensure that the CAPE-OPEN idea will be applicable to recent technical changes, the COLaN has gathered experiences in the area of CAPE-OPEN implementations making use of. NET. This paper will demonstrate that CAPE-OPEN can be successfully implemented using. NET development tools and highlight how the CAPE-OPEN development can benefit from these new technologies. C1 [Barrett, William M.] US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pons, Michel] IFP Energies Nouvelles, CO Lan, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. [von Wedel, Lars] AixCAPE eV, D-52064 Aachen, Germany. [Braunschweig, Bertrand] IFP Energies Nouvelles, F-92500 Rueil Malmaison, France. RP Barrett, WM (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM barrett.williamm@epa.gov; cto.co-lan@tiscali.fr; vonwedel@aixcape.org; Bertrand.BRAUNSCHWEIG@ifp.fr NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7946 BN 978-0-444-53157-5 J9 COMPUT-AIDED CHEM EN PY 2007 VL 24 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BTP77 UT WOS:000287727400029 ER PT S AU Barrett, WM Strunjas-Yoshikawa, S Bell, JH AF Barrett, William M. Strunjas-Yoshikawa, Svetlana Bell, Jonathan H. BE Plesu, V Agachi, PS TI Extension of Computer-Aided Process Engineering Applications to Environmental Life Cycle Assessment and Supply Chain Management SO 17TH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS ENGINEERING SE Computer Aided Chemical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-17) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP Univ Bucharest, Univ Cluj Napoca DE Life-cycle assessment; Supply chain management; Life-cycle inventory; Data model; Web services; Web agents; XML AB The potential of computer-aided process engineering (CAPE) tools to enable process engineers to improve the environmental performance of both their processes and across the life cycle (from cradle-to-grave) has long been proffered. However, this use of CAPE has not been fully achieved, largely because of the complexity of the systems being modeled. Traditional approaches to this problem often prove to be inadequate due to the inability of component simulations to interact and share data amongst various stakeholders. This current effort involves toward developing and implementing a data model that will enable users to conduct environmental evaluations not just of a single process, but on the entire supply chain. This project utilizes and expands emerging information technology paradigms such as web services, web agents and distributed computing for use by the various stakeholders to evaluate individual industrial facilities within the context of the industrial supply chain and across industrial sectors. C1 [Barrett, William M.; Bell, Jonathan H.] US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Strunjas-Yoshikawa, Svetlana] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Barrett, WM (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM barrett.williamm@epamail.epa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7946 BN 978-0-444-53157-5 J9 COMPUT-AIDED CHEM EN PY 2007 VL 24 BP 1187 EP 1192 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BTP77 UT WOS:000287727400200 ER PT B AU Motsinger, AA Reif, DM Fanelli, TJ Davis, AC Ritchie, MD AF Motsinger, Alison A. Reif, David M. Fanelli, Theresa J. Davis, Anna C. Ritchie, Marylyn D. GP IEEE TI Linkage Disequilibrium in Genetic Association Studies Improves the Performance of Grammatical Evolution Neural Networks SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI DE grammatical evolution; neural networks; linkage disequilibrium; complex disease; gene-gene interactions ID DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; HUMAN-DISEASES; EPISTASIS; OPTIMIZATION; ARCHITECTURE; ALGORITHMS AB One of the most important goals in genetic epidemiology is the identification of genetic factors/features that predict complex diseases. The ubiquitous nature of gene-gene interactions in the underlying etiology of common diseases creates an important analytical challenge, spurring the introduction of novel, computational approaches. One such method is a grammatical evolution neural network (GENN) approach. GENN has been shown to have high power to detect such interactions in simulation studies, but previous studies have ignored an important feature of most genetic data: linkage disequilibrium (LD). LD describes the non-random association of alleles not necessarily on the same chromosome. This results in strong correlation between variables in a dataset which can complicate analysis. In the current study, data simulations with a range of LD patterns are used to assess the impact of such correlated variables on the performance of GENN. Our results show that not only do patterns of strong LD not decrease the power of GENN to detect genetic associations, they actually increase its power. C1 [Motsinger, Alison A.; Fanelli, Theresa J.; Davis, Anna C.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Reif, David M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Comp Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Motsinger, AA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM motsinger@chgr.me.vanderbilt.edu OI Reif, David/0000-0001-7815-6767 FU National Institutes of Health [HL65962, GM62758, AG20135] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL65962, GM62758, and AG20135. This paper has been reviewed and approved for publication according to US EPA policy but does not necessarily represent the views of the Agency. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0710-1 PY 2007 BP 1 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BGM70 UT WOS:000248516200001 ER PT B AU Goldberg, S Su, CM AF Goldberg, Sabine Su, Chunming BE Xu, F Goldbach, HE Brown, PH Bell, RW Fujiwara, T Hunt, CD Goldberg, S TI New advances in boron soil chemistry SO ADVANCES IN PLANT AND ANIMAL BORON NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Forum on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals CY JUN 03, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Soc ID CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; CLAY-MINERALS; ADSORPTION; RELEASE; WATER C1 [Goldberg, Sabine] USDA ARS George E Brown, Jr Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Su, Chunming] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS George E Brown, Jr Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5381-8 PY 2007 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5382-5_31 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Agriculture GA BGR02 UT WOS:000249891600031 ER PT J AU Hantush, MM AF Hantush, Mohamed M. TI Modeling nitrogen-carbon cycling and oxygen consumption in bottom sediments SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE sediment; transport and fate; mathematical model; methane; nitrogen; ammonia; nitrate; sediment oxygen demand; Laplace transform; Greens' function ID METHANE; DEMAND AB A model framework is presented for simulating nitrogen and carbon cycling at the sediment-water interface, and predicting oxygen consumption by oxidation reactions inside the sediments. Based on conservation of mass and invoking simplifying assumptions, a coupled system of diffusive-reactive partial differential equations is formulated for two-layer conceptual model of aerobic-anaerobic sediments. Oxidation reactions are modeled as first-order rate processes and nitrate is assumed to be consumed entirely in the anoxic portion of the sediments. The sediments are delineated into a thin oxygenated surface layer whose thickness is equal to the oxygen penetration depth, and a lower, but much thicker anoxic layer. The sediments are separated from the overlying water column by a relatively thin boundary layer through which mass transfer is diffusion controlled. Transient solutions are derived using the method of Laplace transform and Green's function, which relate pore-water concentrations of the constituents to their concentrations in the bulk water and to the flux of decomposable settling organic matter. Steady-state pore-water concentrations are also obtained including expressions for the extent of methane saturation zone and methane gas flux. A relationship relating the sediment oxygen demand (SOD) to bulk water oxygen is derived using the two-film concept, which in combination with the depth-integrated solutions forms the basis for predicting the extent of oxygen penetration in the sediment. Iterative procedure and simplification thereof are proposed to estimate the extent of methane saturation zone and thickness of the aerobic layer as functions of time. Sensitivity of steady-state solutions to key parameters illustrates sediment processes interactions and synergistic effects. Simulations indicate that for a relatively thin diffusive boundary layer, d, oxygen uptake is limited by biochemical processes inside the sediments, whereas for a thick boundary layer oxygen transfer through the diffusive boundary layer is limiting. The results show an almost linear relationship between steady-state sediment oxygen demand and bulk water oxygen. For small d methane and nitrogen fluxes are sediment controlled, whereas for large d they are controlled by diffusional transfer through the boundary layer. It is shown that the two-layer model solution converges to the one-layer model (anaerobic layer) solution as the thickness of the oxygenated layer approaches zero, and that the transient solutions approach asymptotically their corresponding steady-state solutions. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Hantush.mohamed@epa.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 59 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.adwatres.2006.02.007 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 116AQ UT WOS:000242775300005 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK Esch, RK Dean, TR Betancourt, DA Moore, SA Svendsen, ER Yeatts, K AF Menetrez, M. Y. Foarde, K. K. Esch, R. K. Dean, T. R. Betancourt, D. A. Moore, S. A. Svendsen, E. R. Yeatts, K. TI The measurement of ambient bioaerosol exposure SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; INDOOR-AIR; AIRBORNE ENDOTOXIN; ASTHMA; OUTDOOR; PARTICLES; INDUCTION AB Monitoring of ambient bioaerosol concentrations through the characterization of outdoor particulate matter (PM) has only been performed on a limited basis in North Carolina (NC) and was the goal of this research. Ambient samples of PM2.5 (fine) and PM10-2.5 (coarse) were collected for a six-month period and analyzed for mold, endotoxins and protein. PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 concentrations of these bioaerosols were reported as a function of PM mass, as well as volume of air sampled. The mass of PM2.5 was almost twice that of the PM10-2.5; however, the protein and endotoxin masses were greater in the coarse than the fine PM indicating an enrichment in the coarse PM. The protein and mold results demonstrated a seasonal pattern, both being higher in the summer than in the winter. Except for an occasional excursion, the endotoxin data remained fairly constant throughout the six months of the study. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Microbial & Mol Biol Dept, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), IEMB, Mail Code 305-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov RI Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 884 EP 893 DI 10.1080/02786820701523083 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212BW UT WOS:000249569600008 ER PT S AU Bullock, OR Braverman, T AF Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Braverman, Thomas BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Application of the CMAQ mercury model for US EPA regulatory support SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE AB On March 15, 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued its Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) to permanently cap and reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired Electric Generating Units (EGUs). Part of the development of the CAMR involved simulations of atmospheric mercury emission, transport and deposition across a large part of North America using a special version of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to assess the expected decrease in mercury deposition from various emission control options. CMAQ model simulations of a 2001 base case and a 2020 case with full implementation of the CAMR and the separate Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) showed that mercury emissions from EGUs are expected to decrease by 48% by 2020. Emission reductions of 68% were shown for reactive gaseous mercury, the form of mercury most readily deposited from the atmosphere. Simulated wet deposition of atmospheric mercury for 2001 was compared to observations from the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN). The CMAQ modeling was able to resolve about 60% of the observed site-to-site variance. The modeling also showed that the reduction in mercury deposition expected by 2020 from the CAIR and CAMR is similar to that which would have been obtained by completely eliminating mercury emissions from EGUs in the U.S. in 2001. Most of the emission reductions from the CAMR are in the form of elemental mercury. The CMAQ modeling showed nearly all of these emissions were exported from the modeling domain. Thus, it is expected that the CAMR will result in a reduction of the transport of mercury to other parts of the world. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell, Jr.] US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06022-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500010 ER PT S AU Sarwar, G Luecken, D Yarwood, G AF Sarwar, Golam Luecken, Deborah Yarwood, Greg BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Developing and implementing an updated chlorine chemistry into the community multiscale air quality model SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OZONE FORMATION; URBAN OZONE AB An updated chlorine chemistry has been developed. The updated chlorine chemistry was combined with the Carbon Bond (CB-05) mechanism and incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to evaluate the effects of chlorine emissions on O-3 concentrations in the western United States. The study included anthropogenic molecular chlorine emissions, molecular chlorine released from sea-salt aerosols, and anthropogenic hypochlorous acid emissions. The anthropogenic molecular chlorine emissions are obtained from the 1999 National Emissions Inventory. The sea-salt emissions and chemistry module is linked with the gas-phase chemistry module of the CMAQ modeling system using heterogeneous reactions that release molecular chlorine. Anthropogenic emissions from cooling towers and swimming pools were estimated using methods available in the literature and modeled in the form of hypochlorous acid. The results suggest that chlorine emissions only affect O-3 concentrations in three areas of the western United States: Salt Lake area of Utah, southern California area, and Denver area of Colorado. C1 [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, 106 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E 243-3, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06029-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500017 ER PT S AU Porter, PS Gego, E Gilliland, A Hogrefe, C Godowitch, J Rao, ST AF Porter, P. Steven Gego, Edith Gilliland, Alice Hogrefe, Christian Godowitch, James Rao, S. Trivikrama BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Modeling assessment of the impact of nitrogen oxides emission reductions on ozone air quality in the Eastern United States: Offsetting increases in energy use SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A photochemical air quality model was used to evaluate the impact of a series of NOx control rules on ozone air quality in the eastern U.S. Thanks to the acid rain program and the NOx SIP Call, emission rates of NOx (mass NOx/energy content of fuel used) from industrial point sources have declined dramatically since 1997. Model simulations were performed with three emission scenarios: 2002 emissions, 2004 emissions, and a 'no control' scenario. The latter simulates conditions that would have existed in 2002 had new NOx emission controls not been imposed. All scenarios used 2002 meteorology. Controls lead to reductions of NOx emissions in 2002 and 2004 to roughly two thirds and one third of their 1997 levels, respectively. In response to these emission changes, the model predicted that maximun 8-h average ozone concentrations would have decreased from 3% to 8% between 2002 and 2004 given 2002 meteorolgy. The absence of control would have led to considerably higher ozone levels in most of the eastern U.S., with exceptions occurring in the vicinity of point sources, regions that would have experienced lower ozone levels thanks to a more intense titration process. C1 [Porter, P. Steven] Univ Idaho, Civil Engn Sci Ctr 1776, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Porter, PS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Civil Engn Sci Ctr 1776, Suite 306, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM porter@if.uidaho.edu; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us; rao.st@epa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06210-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500018 ER PT S AU Godowitch, J Gilliland, A Gego, E Draxler, R Rao, ST AF Godowitch, J. Gilliland, A. Gego, E. Draxler, R. Rao, S. Trivikrama BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Integrated observational and modeling approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of ozone control policies SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR-QUALITY AB Although there has been much progress in improving ambient air quality, the concentrations of ozone continue to exceed their acceptable levels in the United States and many parts of the world. Because of the regional nature of this pollutant, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required the States to undertake large reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by 2004 to address long-range transport of ozone and its precursors as part of their State Implementation Plans (SIPs). As a result of this control program, referred to as the "NOx SIP Call", 21 states in the eastern United States have achieved substantial NOx reductions from the utility sector by 2004. This emission control strategy should greatly reduce ambient ground-level ozone in the eastern United States. A systematic tracking of air quality achievements is necessary to properly evaluate U.S. policy and program results in protecting public health and the environment. Consequently, EPA has undertaken a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of this control program to meet its objectives. In this paper, integrated observational and modeling methodologies are described in order to assess the impact of NOx emission reductions on maximum ozone concentrations. In particular, the emphasis in this paper is on selected results from the photochemical modeling effort. A set of modeling scenarios was performed that included point source NOx emission measurements from extended summer periods before and after implementation of the emission reductions. The model results revealed discernable decreases in daily maximum 8-h ozone in downwind areas of a major point source emission region exhibiting substantial NOx emission reductions, and the impacts were found to be greater at higher ozone values, which is a desirable benefit of the control program. C1 [Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06215-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500023 ER PT S AU Yu, SC Mathur, R Schere, K Kang, DW Pleim, J Young, J Otte, T AF Yu, Shaocai Mathur, Rohit Schere, Kenneth Kang, Daiwen Pleim, Jonathan Young, Jeffrey Otte, Tanya BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI A study of process contributions to ozone formation during the 2004 ICARTT period using the Eta-CMAQ forecast model over the northeastern US SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEM AB Ozone, a secondary pollutant, is created in part by pollution from anthropogenic and biogenic sources. First, this study evaluates the Eta-CMAQ forecast model performances for O-3, and related chemical species with the observational data from the aircraft (NOAA P-3 and NASA DC-8) flights, Lidar and ozonesonde during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) field experiments. The spatial and temporal performance of the model for surface O-3 over the northeastern U. S. during this period is also examined through comparison with observations from the U. S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) network. Second, the contributions of various physical and chemical processes governing the distribution of O-3 during this period are investigated through detailed analysis of model process budgets using the integrated process rate analysis (IPR) with the model. C1 [Yu, Shaocai] US EPA, Dept AMD E243 01, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Dept AMD E243 01, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov; kang.daiwen@epa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06410-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500042 ER PT S AU Lee, P McQueen, J Tsidulko, M Hart, M Kondragunta, S Kang, DW DiMego, G Davidson, P AF Lee, Pius McQueen, Jeffery Tsidulko, Marina Hart, Mary Kondragunta, Shobha Kang, Daiwen DiMego, Geoff Davidson, Paula BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Aerosol forecast over the Great Lakes for a February 2005 episode SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; MULTISCALE; COMPONENT AB Many air pollution agencies in the Upper Midwest and the Great Lakes regions in the U. S. had issued air advisories between January 31 and February 4, 2005. Air Quality Index (AQI) issued on the EPA web site for Minnesota peaked at 155 on January 31. In the Chicago area, AQI measured between 110 and 140 for most of this first week of February. The deterioration of the air quality over these regions for a rather prolonged duration had been attributed to the slow passing of broad high pressure systems centered over the Great Lakes during the period. The pressure systems were accompanied by extensive cloudiness and snow coverage over the same regions. This combination of meteorological conditions resulted in reduced atmospheric mixing, and high rates of atmospheric particle formation and growth due to high RH in the lower levels. In this study, the National Weather Service's (NWS) Eta-CMAQ Air Quality Forecast System (AQFS) has been used in a research mode to predict the aerosol concentration and speciation of this poor air episode. The model result has been verified in a crude manner by comparing its Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) prediction with that observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), and surface level aerosol concentration prediction with that compiled by the Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNOW) observation network. Qualitatively speaking, the predicted results are comparable to these aforementioned observed fields. Further analysis of the model results suggested a largely anthropogenic nature of the particulate matter in the lower atmosphere over the regions of high AQI in the period. C1 [Lee, Pius] USA NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, DOC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Kang, Daiwen] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), USA NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, DOC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM pius.lee@noaa.gov; kang.daiwen@epa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 492 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06052-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500046 ER PT S AU Cooter, EJ Gilliam, R Benjey, W Nolte, C Swall, J Gilliland, A AF Cooter, Ellen J. Gilliam, Robert Benjey, William Nolte, Chris Swall, Jenise Gilliland, Alice BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Examining the impact of changing climate on regional air quality over the US SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMISTRY AB The Climate Impact on Regional Air Quality (CIRAQ) project is a collaborative research effort involving multiple federal agencies and academic institutions to assess the impact of present and future climate on regional air quality across the United States. Preliminary results are presented which highlight model biases, variability and change of present (similar to 2000) and future (similar to 2050) regional climate, emissions and air quality model results for the summer season (June-August). The regional climate scenario derived for CIRAQ appears to reasonably represent large-scale summer-season climate means and variability in the western United States, but it fails to replicate some key summertime features in the eastern United States. A comparison of future and current climate simulation reveals that even though the general weather patterns change little in the future, the summer temperatures are on average 2-3 K warmer over the southwest quadrant of the United States. Other regions of United States are also warmer, but generally by less than 1 K. Preliminary analyses of the interannual and seasonal variability of biogenic and mobile emissions driven by current climate scenarios indicate isoprene and biogenic NO emissions are more temporally and spatially variable than are model generated on-road mobile source emissions. Comparison of these results with modeled emissions under future climate reveals similar spatial and temporal patterns, but elevated levels of biogenic emissions are present in the future simulation due to the warmer future summer temperatures throughout the study domain. Preliminary air quality modeling results identify regional differences in the response of current simulated 8-h maximum ozone concentrations and interannual variability to future climate change. Annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and the frequency and duration of elevated particulate matter episodes decrease in the future period relative to current period simulations. C1 [Cooter, Ellen J.] US EPA, NOAA Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E243-4, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooter.ellen@epa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 633 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06061-5 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500059 ER PT S AU Watkins, T Dimmick, F Holland, D Gilliland, A Boothe, V Paulu, C Smith, A AF Watkins, Timothy Dimmick, Fred Holland, David Gilliland, Alice Boothe, Vickie Paulu, Chris Smith, Andrew BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Air quality characterization for environmental public health tracking SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; CMAQ AB The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been given the mandate to develop a national environmental public health tracking network (Tracking Network). The Tracking Network will require both environmental and public health data to be routinely available at a national scale. Historically, the only source of air quality data in the United States that was available on an ongoing and systematic basis at national levels was generated by ambient air monitoring networks put in place for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality Programs. However, new analysis techniques are being developed to use air quality modeling forecasts and satellite data to provide additional information to characterize air quality on a routine basis. With the public's expanding interest in the serious health effects associated with ozone and fine particles, public health officials are looking for ways to better use the available air quality data for use in the Tracking Network. The EPA and the CDC have conducted a collaborative effort entitled the Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE) to evaluate various air quality data sets, from routinely available sources, for specific use by public health officials. The U.S. EPA generated air quality data sets using ambient monitoring data, modeling results, and statistically combined monitoring and modeling data. The EPA, in collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is also exploring the integration of satellite data with monitoring and modeling data sets to improve available air quality information. The resulting air quality estimates were provided to the CDC's Tracking Network State partners to evaluate the use of these air quality data sets in tracking potential associations between air quality and public health impacts (asthma and cardiovascular disease). C1 [Watkins, Timothy] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Watkins, T (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, MD E205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM watkins.tim@epa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06075-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500066 ER PT S AU Porter, PS Rao, ST Gego, EL AF Porter, P. Steven Rao, S. T. Gego, E. L. BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Relationships between nitrogen oxide emissions from electrical generating units in the US and meteorology SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The correlation between nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions and heat input (HI) from electrical generating units as well as meteorology was investigated. HI is the energy content of fuel used to generate electricity. Here, we examine time scales common to both HI and meteorology with the goal of improving the performance of air quality modeling and forecasting. C1 [Porter, P. Steven] Univ Idaho, Sci Ctr 1776, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Rao, S. T.] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Porter, PS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Sci Ctr 1776, Suite 306, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM porter@if.uidaho.edu; rao.st@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 793 EP 794 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06819-2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500085 ER PT S AU Bullock, OR Atkinson, D Braverman, T Dastoor, A Davignon, D Selin, N Jacoby, D Lohman, K Seigneur, C Vijayaraghavan, K Myers, T Civerolo, K Hogrefe, C AF Bullock, O. Russell Atkinson, Dwight Braverman, Thomas Dastoor, Ashu Davignon, Didier Selin, Noelle Jacoby, Daniel Lohman, Kristen Seigneur, Christian Vijayaraghavan, Krish Myers, Tom Civerolo, Kevin Hogrefe, Christian BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI The North American mercury model inter-comparison Study (NAMMIS) SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB NAMMIS is an intercomparison of atmospheric Hg models with a focus on North America. Three regional-scale atmospheric Hg models are the prime subjects of the study: the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model (CMAQ) developed by NOAA and EPA, the Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD) developed by ICFI, and the Trace Element Analysis Model (TEAM) developed by AER. The models were run for the entire year of 2001 using the same initial and boundary condition data. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell] US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008 OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 798 EP 801 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06821-0 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500087 ER PT B AU Luecken, DJ Hutzell, WT AF Luecken, Deborah J. Hutzell, William T. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Concentrations of toxic air pollutants in the US simulated by an air quality model SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Hutzell, William T.] US EPA, MD E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hutzell, WT (reprint author), US EPA, MD E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Luecken.deborah@epa.gov FU [DW13921548] FX The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S.Department of Commerces National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement number DW13921548. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 87 EP + PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600010 ER PT B AU Yu, SC Dennis, R Roselle, S Nenes, A Walker, J Eder, B Schere, K Swall, J Robarge, W AF Yu, Shaocai Dennis, Robin Roselle, Shawn Nenes, Athanasios Walker, John Eder, Brian Schere, Kenneth Swall, Jenise Robarge, Wayne BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI A test of thermodynamic equilibrium models and 3-D air quality models for predictions of aerosol NO3- SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Robarge, Wayne] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, RTP NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yu, Shaocai] Assignment from Science & Technol, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Dennis, Robin; Roselle, Shawn; Eder, Brian; Schere, Kenneth; Swall, Jenise] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, assignment from Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Walker, John] US EPA, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Robarge, W (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 351 EP + PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600038 ER PT B AU Arnold, JR Dennis, RL AF Arnold, J. R. Dennis, Robin L. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Testing physics and chemistry sensitivities in the US EPA community multiscale air quality modeling system (CMAQ) SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Arnold, J. R.; Dennis, Robin L.] US NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Arnold, J. R.; Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), US NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 495 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600053 ER PT B AU Dennis, RL Roselle, SJ Gilliam, R Arnold, J AF Dennis, Robin L. Roselle, Shawn J. Gilliam, Rob Arnold, Jeff BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI High time-resolved comparisons for in-depth probing of CMAQ fine-particle and gas predictions SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary ID HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; AEROSOLS; IMPACT; N2O5 C1 [Dennis, Robin L.; Roselle, Shawn J.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Arnold, Jeff] Uni Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gilliam, Rob] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW13921548]; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548] FX The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerces National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under agreement number DW13921548. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 515 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600055 ER PT B AU Eder, BK Yu, SC AF Eder, Brian K. Yu, Shaocai BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI A performance evaluation of the 2004 release of models-3 CMAQ SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Eder, Brian K.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yu, Shaocai] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Eder, BK (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 534 EP + PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600057 ER PT B AU Gego, E Porter, PS Hogrefe, C Gilliam, R Gilliland, A Swall, J Irwin, J Rao, ST AF Gego, E. Porter, P. S. Hogrefe, C. Gilliam, R. Gilliland, A. Swall, J. Irwin, J. Rao, S. T. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Objective reduction of the space-time domain dimensionality for evaluating model performance SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; ETA-MODEL C1 [Gego, E.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Porter, P. S.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Hogrefe, C.] Univ Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY USA. [Irwin, J.] Irwin and Assoc, Raleigh, NC USA. [Gilliam, R.; Gilliland, A.; Swall, J.; Rao, S. T.] US environm protect agcy, NOAA atmospher sci model div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gego, E (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM e.gego@onewest.net FU Department of Commerce [EA133R-03-SE-0710]; University of Idaho [EA133R-03-SE-0372]; State University of New York [EA133R-03-SE-0650] FX The research presented here was performed under theMemorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerces National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement number DW13921548. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the EPAs peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication.This research was partially funded by the Department of Commerce through contracts with Dr. E. Gego (EA133R-03-SE-0710), with the University of Idaho toDr. P. S. Porter (EA133R-03-SE-0372), and with the State University of New York to Dr. C. Hogrefe (EA133R-03-SE-0650). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 543 EP + PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600058 ER PT B AU Hogrefe, C Jones, JM Gilliland, A Porter, PS Gego, E Gilliam, R Swall, J Irwin, J Rao, ST AF Hogrefe, C. Jones, J. M. Gilliland, A. Porter, P. S. Gego, E. Gilliam, R. Swall, J. Irwin, J. Rao, S. T. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Evaluation of an annual simulation of ozone and fine particulate matter over the continental United States - Which temporal features are captured? SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Hogrefe, C.; Jones, J. M.] SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Gilliland, A.; Gilliam, R.; Swall, J.; Irwin, J.; Rao, S. T.] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Model Div, US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Porter, P. S.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Gego, E.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Hogrefe, C (reprint author), SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. FU University of Idaho [EA133R-03-SE-0710]; University of New York [EA133R-03-SE-0650] FX The Department of Commerce partially funded the research described here under contracts with Dr. E. Gego (EA133R-03-SE-0710), with the University of Idaho to Dr. P. S. Porter (EA133R-03-SE-0372), and with the State University of New York to Dr. C. Hogrefe (EA133R-03-SE-0650). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 562 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600060 ER PT B AU Kang, DW Eder, BK Mathur, R Yu, SC Schere, KL AF Kang, Daiwen Eder, Brian K. Mathur, Rohit Yu, Shaocai Schere, Kenneth L. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI An operational evaluation of ETA-CMAQ air quality forecast model SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Kang, Daiwen] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocai] Assignment Sci &Techn Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Eder, Brian K.; Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth L.] Assignment Air Resources Lab, Natl Oceanic and Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kang, DW (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 590 EP + PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600063 ER PT J AU Shi, M Christensen, K Weinberg, CR Romitti, P Bathum, L Lozada, A Morris, RW Lovett, M Murray, JC AF Shi, Min Christensen, Kaare Weinberg, Clarice R. Romitti, Paul Bathum, Lise Lozada, Anthony Morris, Richard W. Lovett, Michael Murray, Jeffrey C. TI Orofacial cleft risk is increased with maternal smoking and specific detoxification-gene variants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CASE-PARENT TRIADS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LOG-LINEAR APPROACH; ORAL CLEFTS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CANDIDATE GENES; HUMAN GENOME; PALATE; LIP AB Maternal smoking is a recognized risk factor for orofacial clefts. Maternal or fetal pharmacogenetic variants are plausible modulators of this risk. In this work, we studied 5,427 DNA samples, including 1,244 from subjects in Denmark and Iowa with facial clefting and 4,183 from parents, siblings, or unrelated population controls. We examined 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 16 genes in pathways for detoxification of components of cigarette smoke, to look for evidence of gene-environment interactions. For genes identified as related to oral clefting, we studied gene-expression profiles in fetal development in the relevant tissues and time intervals. Maternal smoking was a significant risk factor for clefting and showed dosage effects, in both the Danish and Iowan data. Suggestive effects of variants in the fetal NAT2 and CYP1A1 genes were observed in both the Iowan and the Danish participants. In an expanded case set, NAT2 continued to show significant overtransmission of an allele to the fetus, with a final P value of .00003. There was an interaction between maternal smoking and fetal inheritance of a GSTT1-null deletion, seen in both the Danish ( P p) and Iowan (P = .002) studies, with a Fisher's combined P value of <.001, which remained significant after correction .03 for multiple comparisons. Gene-expression analysis demonstrated expression of GSTT1 in human embryonic craniofacial tissues during the relevant developmental interval. This study benefited from two large samples, involving independent populations, that provided substantial power and a framework for future studies that could identify a susceptible population for preventive health care. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Prevent Congenital Malformat, Odense, Denmark. Duke Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO USA. RP Murray, JC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, S Grand Ave,2182 ML, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM jeff-murray@uiowa.edu RI Christensen, Kaare/C-2360-2009 OI Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE08559, P50 DE016215, R01 DE008559, R01 DE011948, R01 DE11948, R37 DE008559]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU 71328] NR 45 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1086/510518 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 120RG UT WOS:000243102500008 PM 17160896 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Turi, JL Madden, MC Dailey, LA Richards, JD Stonehuerner, JG Morgan, DL Singleton, S Garrick, LM Garrick, MD AF Ghio, Andrew J. Turi, Jennifer L. Madden, Michael C. Dailey, Lisa A. Richards, Judy D. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G. Morgan, Daniel L. Singleton, Steven Garrick, Laura M. Garrick, Michael D. TI Lung injury after ozone exposure is iron dependent SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; lung diseases; ferritin; oxidants; free radicals ID INDUCED AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; INFLAMMATION; TOXICITY; RADICALS; RAT; SUPPLEMENTATION; RESPONSIVENESS; NONSMOKERS AB We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress and biological effect after ozone (O-3) exposure are dependent on changes in iron homeostasis. After O-3 exposure, healthy volunteers demonstrated increased lavage concentrations of iron, transferrin, lactoferrin, and ferritin. In normal rats, alterations of iron metabolism after O-3 exposure were immediate and preceded the inflammatory influx. To test for participation of this disruption in iron homeostasis in lung injury following O-3 inhalation, we exposed Belgrade rats, which are functionally deficient in divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) as a means of iron uptake, and controls to O-3. Iron homeostasis was disrupted to a greater extent and the extent of injury was greater in Belgrade rats than in control rats. Nonheme iron and ferritin concentrations were higher in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to O-3 than in HBE cells exposed to filtered air. Aldehyde generation and IL-8 release by the HBE cells was also elevated following O-3 exposure. Human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells with elevated expression of a DMT1 construct were exposed to filtered air and O-3. With exposure to O-3, elevated DMT1 expression diminished oxidative stress (i.e., aldehyde generation) and IL-8 release. We conclude that iron participates critically in the oxidative stress and biological effects after O3 exposure. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD043494] NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 292 IS 1 BP L134 EP L143 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00534.2005 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 124VX UT WOS:000243399900019 PM 16905637 ER PT J AU Wever, KE Masereeuw, R Miller, DS Hang, XM Flik, G AF Wever, Kim E. Masereeuw, Rosalinde Miller, David S. Hang, Xiao M. Flik, Gert TI Endothelin and calciotropic hormones share regulatory pathways in multidrug resistance protein 2-mediated transport SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parathyroid hormone; parathyroid hormone-related protein; stanniocalcin; xenobiotic transport; fluorescein-methotrexate; Sparus auratus; gilthead sea bream; Fundulus heteroclitus; killifish ID RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULE; CONJUGATE EXPORT PUMP; ORGANIC ANION SECRETION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CALCIUM LEVELS; DRUG EFFLUX; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; MRP2-MEDIATED TRANSPORT; GADUS-MORHUA; FRESH-WATER AB The kidney of vertebrates plays a key role in excretion of endogenous waste products and xenobiotics. Active secretion in the proximal nephron is at the basis of this excretion, mediated by carrier proteins including multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2). We previously showed that Mrp2 function is reduced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) through a basolateral B-type receptor, nitric oxide (NO), cGMP, and PKC (Notenboom S, Miller DS, Smits P, Russel FGM, Masereeuw R. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282: F458 - F464, 2002; Notenboom S, Miller DS, Smits P, Russel FG, Masereeuw R. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 287: F33 - F38, 2004). This pathway was rapidly activated by several nephrotoxicants and appeared to be calcium dependent. In the present study, we studied the effect of the calciotropic hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTH-related protein (PTHrP), and stanniocalcin (STC) to interfere with ET-regulated Mrp2 transport. Like ET-1, PTH reduces Mrp-2-mediated transport by 40% in killifish renal proximal tubules. When given in combination, an additive effect was seen, which is partially reversed by the PKC inhibitor calphostin C. Recombinant PTHrP shows a comparable inhibitory effect, which is concentration dependent and additive to the inhibition by ET. STC fully reverses PTHrP-inhibited transport as does a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. Finally, to confirm PTHrP bioactivity in a homologous assay, we performed immunolocalization and transport studies in sea bream kidney tubules. Mrp2 immunoreactivity was observed in similar to 40% of the tubules and is associated with the brush-border and apical plasma membrane of cells. Both proximal tubules and distal (collecting) tubules express the antigen. A highly significant 40% inhibition of Mrp2-mediated transport was observed with PTHrP in sea bream tubules. In conclusion, ET-regulated Mrp2 transport is influenced by calciotropic hormones and involves PKC and cGMP signaling. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Fac Sci, Inst Neurosci, Dept Anim Physiol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Dalian Maritime Univ, Inst Environm Syst Biol, Dalian, Peoples R China. RP Flik, G (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Fac Sci, Inst Neurosci, Dept Anim Physiol, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM G.Flik@science.ru.nl RI Flik, Gert/C-8229-2011; Masereeuw, Roos/N-3582-2014; Wever, Kimberley/D-9705-2016 OI Flik, Gert/0000-0001-9285-7957; Wever, Kimberley/0000-0003-3635-3660 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1931-857X J9 AM J PHYSIOL-RENAL JI Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 292 IS 1 BP F38 EP F46 DI 10.1152/ajprenal.00479.2005 PG 9 WC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology SC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology GA 124DB UT WOS:000243346300006 PM 16912062 ER PT J AU Yang, IV Burch, LH Steele, MP Savov, JD Hollingsworth, JW McElvania-Tekippe, E Berman, KG Speer, MC Sporn, TA Brown, KK Schwarz, MI Schwartz, DA AF Yang, Ivana V. Burch, Lauranell H. Steele, Mark P. Savov, Jordan D. Hollingsworth, John W. McElvania-Tekippe, Erin Berman, Katherine G. Speer, Marcy C. Sporn, Thomas A. Brown, Kevin K. Schwarz, Marvin I. Schwartz, David A. TI Gene expression profiling of familial and sporadic interstitial pneumonia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE familial interstitial pneumonia; global transcription analysis; interstitial lung disease; lung fibrosis; microarrays ID IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; HISTOLOGIC PATTERN; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MICE; INFLAMMATION; INVOLVEMENT; INHIBITION; ALVEOLITIS AB Rationale: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and its familial variants are progressive and largely untreatable disorders with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Both the genetics and the histologic type of IIP play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease, but transcriptional signatures of these sub-types are unknown. Objectives: To evaluate gene expression in the lung tissue of patients with usual interstitial pneumonia or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia that was either familial or nonfamilial in origin, and to compare it with gene expression in normal lung parenchyma. Methods: We profiled RNA from the lungs of 16 patients with sporadic IIP, 10 with familial HIP, and 9 normal control subjects on a whole human genome oligonucleotide microarray. Results: Significant transcriptional differences exist in familial and sporadic lips. The genes distinguishing the genetic subtypes belong to the same functional categories as transcripts that distinguish lip from normal samples. Relevant categories include chemokines and growth factors and their receptors, complement components, genes associated with cell proliferation and death, and genes in the Wnt pathway. The role of the chemokine CXCL12 in disease pathogenesis was confirmed in the murine bleomycin model of lung injury, with C57BL/6(CXCR4+/-) mice demonstrating significantly less Collagen deposition than C57BL/(6XCR4+/+) mice. Whereas substantial differences exist between familial and sporadic IIPs, we identified only minor gene expression changes between usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia . Conclusions: Taken together, our findings indicate that differences in gene expression profiles between familial and sporadic UPS may provide clues to the etiology and pathogenesis of IIP. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27909 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO USA. RP Yang, IV (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, POB 12233,MD B3-08, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27909 USA. EM yangi@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67467]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES011961, ES11375] NR 44 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 175 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1164/rccm.200601-062OC PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 123IO UT WOS:000243289800011 PM 16998095 ER PT S AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, Christian G. BE Petrovic, M Barcelo, D TI Pharmaceuticals in the environment: sources and their management SO ANALYSIS, FATE AND REMOVAL OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE WATER CYCLE SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID XENOBIOTIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; WASTE-WATER; VETERINARY MEDICINES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; HOUSEHOLD DISPOSAL; SURFACE WATERS C1 US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 119 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-054970-5 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 50 BP 1 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(07)50001-2 PG 58 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BCM34 UT WOS:000310703300003 ER PT J AU Ge, Z Liu, PC AF Ge, Z. Liu, P. C. TI A time-localized response of wave growth process under turbulent winds SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; ocean-atmosphere interactions; oceanography : physical; air-sea interactions; surface waves and tides ID LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER; GRAVITY-WAVES; WATER-WAVES; AIR-FLOW; SPECTRUM AB Very short time series (with lengths of approximately 40s or 5 similar to 7 wave periods) of wind velocity fluctuations and wave elevation were recorded simultaneously and investigated using the wavelet bispectral analysis. Rapid changes in the wave and wind spectra were detected, which were found to be intimately related to significant energy transfers through transient quadratic wind-wave and wave-wave interactions. A possible pattern of energy exchange between the wind and wave fields was further deduced. In particular, the generation and variation of the strong wave-induced perturbation velocity in the wind can be explained by the strengthening and diminishing of the associated quadratic interactions, which cannot be unveiled by linear theories. On small time scales, the wave-wave quadratic interactions were as active and effective in transferring energy as the wind-wave interactions. The results also showed that the wind turbulence was occasionally effective in transferring energy between the wind and the wave fields, so that the background turbulence in the wind cannot be completely neglected. Although these effects are all possibly significant over short times. the time-localized growth of the wave spectrum may not considerably affect the long-term process of wave development. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ge.zhongfu@epa.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1253 EP 1262 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195IU UT WOS:000248406700003 ER PT J AU Ge, Z AF Ge, Z. TI Significance tests for the wavelet power and the wavelet power spectrum SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (instruments; and techniques); oceanography : physical (surface waves and tides); general or miscellaneous (techniques applicable; in three of more fields) AB Significance tests usually address the issue how to distinguish statistically significant results from those due to pure randomness when only one sample of the population is studied. This issue is also important when the results obtained using the wavelet analysis are to be interpreted. Torrence and Compo (1998) is one of the earliest works that has systematically discussed this problem. Their results, however, were based on Monte Carlo simulations, and hence, failed to unveil many interesting and important properties of the wavelet analysis. In the present work, the sampling distributions of the wavelet power and power spectrum of a Gaussian White Noise (GWN) were derived in a rigorous statistical framework, through which the significance tests for these two fundamental quantities in the wavelet analysis were established. It was found that the results given by Torrence and Compo (1998) are numerically accurate when adjusted by a factor of the sampling period, while some of their statements require reassessment. More importantly, the sampling distribution of the wavelet power spectrum of a GWN was found to be highly dependent on the local covariance structure of the wavelets, a fact that makes the significance levels intimately related to the specific wavelet family. In addition to simulated signals, the significance tests developed in this work were demonstrated on an actual wave elevation time series observed from a buoy on Lake Michigan. In this simple application in geophysics, we showed how proper significance tests helped to sort out physically meaningful peaks from those created by random noise. The derivations in the present work can be readily extended to other wavelet-based quantities or analyses using other wavelet families. C1 [Ge, Z.] CNR, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ge, Z.] US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), CNR, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM gc.zhongfu@cpa.gov NR 9 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2259 EP 2269 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246HU UT WOS:000251998900002 ER PT S AU Murphy, E Steenbergen, C AF Murphy, Elizabeth Steenbergen, Charles TI Preconditioning: The mitochondrial connection SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Physiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE mitochondrial permeability transition; glycogen synthase kinase; protein kinase C; voltage-dependent anion channel ID PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE; DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3-BETA; SENSITIVE K+ CHANNEL; INDUCED CARDIOPROTECTION; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; NITRIC-OXIDE; CELL-DEATH; RAT HEARTS AB Over the past decade there has been considerable progress in elucidating the signaling pathways involved in cardioprotection. siderable recent data suggest that many of these signaling pathways converge on the mitochondria, where such pathways alter the activity of key mitochondrial proteins, leading to reduced apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is emerging as a central mechanism in cardioprotection. This review focuses on mechanisms by which cardioprotection alters mitochondrial proteins and channels that regulate cell death and survival. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Murphy, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM murphy1@niehs.nih.gov; csteenb1@jhmi.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL039752] NR 93 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4278 BN 978-0-8243-0369-3 J9 ANNU REV PHYSIOL JI Annu. Rev. Physiol. PY 2007 VL 69 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905.163645 PG 17 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 152BB UT WOS:000245334100006 PM 17007587 ER PT J AU Ireland, DS AF Ireland, D. S. TI An approach for looking at sediment quality on a national perspective SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Sediment Quality Assessment CY AUG 17-20, 2004 CL Antwerp, BELGIUM SP Aquat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Ecosyst Management Res Grp DE assessment; benchmarks; screening-level analysis ID TECHNICAL BASIS; TOXICITY; GUIDELINES; CHEMICALS; CHEMISTRY; CRITERIA; METALS; INDEX; RIVER AB Sediment quality analyses are conducted for specific reasons and most for some type of regulatory purpose. These purposes could include support for: sediment remediation, dredged material disposal, and sediment monitoring. One such sediment monitoring effort in the United States is to fulfill the requirements set forth in the Water Resources Development Act of 1992 (WRDA). This Act requires EPA to develop the National Sediment Quality Survey, a national evaluation of sediment quality in the United States. The first report was prepared in 1997 and described the incidence and severity of sediment contamination nationwide. The first update to this report was recently released (USEPA, 2004) and is designed to be a screening-level assessment for the identification of potentially contaminated sediments. While there are many challenges to assessing sediment contamination on a localized area, these are drastically magnified at a national scale. One of the biggest challenges was the reliance on existing sediment quality data (mostly with only a single line of evidence reported-sediment chemistry), not collected with the WRDA mandate in mind and providing a limited spatial coverage for most watersheds. Out of the nearly 20, 000 stations evaluated in this report (using data from 1990 to 1999), 70% had data available for sediment chemistry only that precluded a weight-of-evidence approach at these stations. Therefore, sediment quality guidelines (SQGs-both empirical and mechanistic) were a primary tool for assessing sediment quality. Other sediment quality benchmarks used in this report included theoretical bioaccumulation potential (TBP), sediment toxicity, and tissue residues. To develop benchmarks for classifying sediments according to possible hazard, some assumptions were made that may not reflect site-specific conditions. While recognizing the inherent limitations of the data and the assessment approach, this is a viable approach to broad scale sediment assessments. C1 US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Ireland, DS (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1080/14634980701212936 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 171ZX UT WOS:000246775000002 ER PT J AU Karlson, EW Watts, J Signorovitch, J Bonetti, M Wright, E Cooper, GS McAlindon, TE Costenbader, KH Massarotti, EA Fitzgerald, LM Jajoo, R Husni, ME Fossel, AH Pankey, H Ding, WZ Knorr, R Condon, S Fraser, PA AF Karlson, Elizabeth W. Watts, Julie Signorovitch, James Bonetti, Marco Wright, Elizabeth Cooper, Glinda S. McAlindon, Timothy E. Costenbader, Karen H. Massarotti, Elena A. Fitzgerald, Lisa M. Jajoo, Ramina Husni, M. Elaine Fossel, Anne H. Pankey, Helen Ding, Wei-Zi Knorr, Robert Condon, Suzanne Fraser, Patricia A. TI Effect of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and proximity to hazardous waste sites on time to systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis - Results from the Roxbury Lupus Project SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES; OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; LUNG-CANCER; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; 2ND-ORDER ANALYSIS; REVISED CRITERIA; P1 POLYMORPHISMS; BLADDER-CANCER; NULL GENOTYPE AB Objective. The high prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among African American women may be due to environmental exposures, genetic factors, or a combination of factors. Our goal was to assess association of residential proximity to hazardous waste sites and genetic variation in 3 glutathione S- transferase (GST) genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) with age at diagnosis of SLE. Methods. Residential histories were obtained by interviewing 93 SLE patients from 3 predominantly African American neighborhoods in Boston. Residential addresses and locations of 416 hazardous waste sites in the study area were geocoded using ArcView software. Time-varying Cox models were used to study the effect of residential proximity to hazardous sites, GST genotype, and interaction between genotype and exposure in determining age at diagnosis. Results. The prevalence of SLE among African American women in these neighborhoods was 3.56 SLE cases per 1,000. Homozygosity for GSTM1-null and GSTP1 Ile105Val in combination was associated with earlier SLE diagnosis (P = 0.03), but there was no association with proximity to 416 hazardous sites. Avail-able data on specific site contaminants suggested that, at a subset of 67 sites, there was higher potential risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds (P < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction). GST genotypes had a significant interaction with proximity (P = 0.03) in analyses limited to these sites. Conclusion. There was no independent association between residential proximity to hazardous waste sites and the risk of earlier SLE diagnosis in this urban population. However, analysis of a limited number of sites indicated that the risk of earlier SLE associated with proximity to hazardous sites might be modulated by GST polymorphisms. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. CBR Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Karlson, EW (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ekarlson@partners.org OI Bonetti, Marco/0000-0003-2304-4180 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR-49880, P60-AR-47782]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R25-ES-10457-01] NR 77 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1002/art.22308 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 124UR UT WOS:000243395900029 PM 17195228 ER PT S AU Rashleigh, B AF Rashleigh, Brenda BE Gonenc, IE Koutitonsky, VG Rashleigh, B Ambrose, RB Wolflin, JP TI Assessment of lake ecosystem response to toxic events with the aquatox model SO Assessment of the Fate and Effects of Toxic Agents on Water Resources SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Advanced Modeling Techniques for Rapid Diagnosis and Assessment of CBRN Agents Effects on Water Resources CY DEC 04-16, 2005 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP NATO Adv Study Inst C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5526-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2007 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5528-7_14 PG 7 WC Toxicology; Water Resources SC Toxicology; Water Resources GA BGC40 UT WOS:000246011000013 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Fu, JS Jang, CJ Hao, JM He, KB Tang, XY Zhang, YH Wang, ZF Li, ZP Zhang, Q Wang, LT Wang, BY Yu, C AF Streets, David G. Fu, Joshua S. Jang, Carey J. Hao, Jiming He, Kebin Tang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yuanhang Wang, Zifa Li, Zuopan Zhang, Qiang Wang, Litao Wang, Binyu Yu, Carolyne TI Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beijing; regional air quality; Olympic Games; PM2.5; ozone ID EASTERN CHINA; UNITED-STATES; PM2.5; AEROSOL; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; POLLUTION; MODEL; PM10; SULFATE AB China is taking major steps to improve Beijing's air quality for the 2008 Olympic Games. However, concentrations of fine particulate matter and ozone in Beijing often exceed healthful levels in the summertime. Based on the US EPA's Models-3/CMAQ model simulation over the Beijing region, we estimate that about 34% of PM2.5 on average and 35-60% of ozone during high ozone episodes at the Olympic Stadium site can be attributed to sources outside Beijing. Neighboring Hebei and Shandong Provinces and the Tianjin Municipality all exert significant influence on Beijing's air quality. During sustained wind flow from the south, Hebei Province can contribute 50-70% of Beijing's PM2.5 concentrations and 20-30% of ozone. Controlling only local sources in Beijing will not be sufficient to attain the air quality goal set for the Beijing Olympics. There is an urgent need for regional air quality management studies and new emission control strategies to ensure that the air quality goals for 2008 are met. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov RI Wang, Zifa/B-5192-2008; tang, xiaoyan/D-5186-2011; Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 38 TC 257 Z9 343 U1 20 U2 214 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.046 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130WZ UT WOS:000243831000003 ER PT J AU Volckens, J Braddock, J Snow, RF Crews, W AF Volckens, John Braddock, James Snow, Richard F. Crews, William TI Emissions profile from new and in-use handheld, 2-stroke engines SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE non-road; mobile source; exhaust; PM; NOx; HC; CO; spark ignition; two-cycle; ethanol; alternative fuel ID GASOLINE BLENDS; ETHANOL; FUELS; PERFORMANCE AB The objective of this study was to characterize exhaust emissions from a series of handheld, 2-stroke small engines. A total of 23 new and used engines from model years 1981-2003 were studied; these engines spanned three phases of emission control (pre-control, phase-1, phase-2). Measured emissions included carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Emissions reductions in CO (78%) and HC (52%) were significant between pre-control and phase-2 engines. These reductions can be attributed to improvements in engine design, reduced scavenging losses, and implementation of catalytic exhaust control. Total hydrocarbon emissions were strongly correlated with fuel consumption rates, indicating varying degrees of scavenging losses during the intake/exhaust stroke. The use of a reformulated gasoline containing 10% ethanol resulted in a 15% decrease in HC and a 29% decrease in CO emissions, on average. Increasing oil content of 2-stroke engine fuels results in a substantial increase of PM2.5 emissions as well as smaller increases in HC and CO emissions. Results from this study enhance existing emission inventories and appear to validate predicted improvements to ambient air quality through implementation of new phase-2 handheld emission standards. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Environm Characterizat & Apportionment Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. KI Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Volckens, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.volckens@colostate.edu OI Volckens, John/0000-0002-7563-9525 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 640 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.033 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130WZ UT WOS:000243831000016 ER PT J AU Roy, B Pouliot, GA Gilliland, A Pierce, T Howard, S Bhave, PV Benjey, W AF Roy, Biswadev Pouliot, George A. Gilliland, Alice Pierce, Thomas Howard, Steven Bhave, Prakash V. Benjey, William TI Refining fire emissions for air quality modeling with remotely sensed fire counts: A wildfire case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; wildfire; pixel; emissions reallocation; spectroradiometer; satellite; MODIS ID MODIS; ALGORITHM AB This paper examines the use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observed active fire data (pixel counts) to refine the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) fire emission estimates for major wildfire events. This study was motivated by the extremely limited information available for many years of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) NEI about the specific location and timing of major fire events. The MODIS fire data provide twice-daily snapshots of the locations and breadth of fires, which can be helpful for identifying major wildfires that typically persist for a minimum of several days. A major wildfire in Mallory Swamp, FL, is used here as a case study to test a reallocation approach for temporally and spatially distributing the state-level fire emissions based on the MODIS fire data. Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations using these reallocated emissions are then compared with another simulation based on the original NEI fire emissions. We compare total carbon (TC) predictions from these CMAQ simulations against observations from the Inter-agency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) surface network. Comparisons at three IMPROVE sites demonstrate substantial improvements in the temporal variability and overall correlation for TC predictions when the MODIS fire data is used to refine the fire emission estimates. These results suggest that if limited information is available about the spatial and temporal extent of a major wildfire fire, remotely sensed fire data can be a useful surrogate for developing the fire emissions estimates for air quality modeling purposes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Roy, B (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Mail Code E243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Roy.Dev@EPA.gov RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013; OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.037 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130WZ UT WOS:000243831000018 ER PT J AU Lange, I Bellas, AS AF Lange, Ian Bellas, Allen S. TI The 1990 clean air act and the implicit price of sulfur in coal SO B E JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS & POLICY LA English DT Article DE 1990 Clean Air Act; sulfur dioxide; tradable permits; coal ID LONG-TERM-CONTRACTS; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ALLOWANCE MARKET AB Prior to implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), many estimates of the marginal cost of SO2 abatement were provided to guide policy makers. Numerous studies estimated the marginal cost of abatement to be between $250 and $760 per ton, though permits initially traded well below $200 and remained below $220 until 2004. We use a fixed effects estimator and a hedonic price model of coal purchases in order to determine the implicit price of sulfur. Data on contract coal purchases are divided into regulatory regimes based on when the contract was signed or re-negotiated. We find that purchases by Phase I plants made under contracts signed or re-negotiated after the passage of the 1990 CAAA show an implicit price of SO2 of approximately $50 per ton, an amount much closer to the eventual permit price. The implicit market price of sulfur seems to have revealed better information than did the calculations of industry experts. C1 [Lange, Ian] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lange, I (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lange.ian@epa.gov; allen.bellas@metrostate.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1935-1682 J9 BE J ECON ANAL POLI JI B E J. Econ. Anal. Policy PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 AR 41 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 307FC UT WOS:000256302600032 ER PT J AU Bacchus, S AF Bacchus, Shanaz BE Vincent, C Goettel, MS Lazarovits, G TI Aflatoxin Control in Cotton and Groundnuts: Regulatory Aspects SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: CASE STUDIES FROM AROUND THE WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bacchus, S (reprint author), US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 7511C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bacchus.shanaz@epa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-265-7 PY 2007 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1079/9781845932657.0254 D2 10.1079/9781845932657.0000 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BVZ58 UT WOS:000293212500028 ER PT J AU Archer, T AF Archer, Trevor TI None but ourselves can free our minds: Science in a majority world. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500012 ER PT J AU Wilson, V AF Wilson, Vickie TI Species comparisons in molecular and functional attributes of the androgen and estrogen receptor. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500013 ER PT J AU Gray, L Furr, J AF Gray, Leon Furr, Johnathan TI Transgenerational effects of the xenoestrogen methoxychlor (M) in rats. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Endocrinol Branch, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 74 EP 75 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500060 ER PT J AU Stoker, T Kaydos, E Jeffay, S Cooper, R AF Stoker, Tammy Kaydos, Emilie Jeffay, Susan Cooper, Ralph TI Effect of 2,4-D exposure on pubertal development and thyroid function in the male wistar rat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500061 ER PT J AU Blystone, C Lambright, C Furr, J Wilson, V Gray, L AF Blystone, Chad Lambright, Christy Furr, Johnathan Wilson, Vickie Gray, Leon, Jr. TI Iprodione delays male rat pubertal devel. opment, reduces serum testosterone, and decreases ex vivo testicular testosterone production. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500098 ER PT J AU Hines, E White, S Stanko, J Fenton, S AF Hines, Erin White, Sally Stanko, Jason Fenton, Suzanne TI Prenatal exposure to low dose perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in mice induces low developmental body weight followed by adult onset obesity that is not affected in ovariectomized animals. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, DBB, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500103 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, A Furr, J Makynen, E Ankley, G Gray, E AF Hotchkiss, Andrew Furr, Johnathan Makynen, Elizabeth Ankley, Gerald Gray, Earl TI In utero exposure to an environmental androgen, trenbolone, masculinizes female rats. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500105 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, K Furr, J Lambright, C Wilson, V Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy Wilson, Vickie Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Structure activity relationship of phthalate esters to suppression of fetal testicular testosterone production and INSL3 mrna expression in the Sprague Dawley rat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500106 ER PT J AU Inselman, A Willis, W Goulding, E Eddy, M AF Inselman, Amy Willis, William Goulding, Eugenia Eddy, Mitch TI Determining the role of MPF in spermatogenesis: Generation of Cdc2a and Ccnb1 conditional knock out mice. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500218 ER PT J AU Jayes, F Couse, J Rodriguez, K Yates, M Hamilton, K Korach, K AF Jayes, Friederike Couse, John Rodriguez, Karina Yates, Mariana Hamilton, Katherine Korach, Kenneth TI Does the lack of a cyclical luteinizing hormone-surge contribute to the polycystic ovarian phenotype in estrogen receptor alpha-null mice? SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500239 ER PT J AU Stanko, J Enoch, R Rayner, J Davis, C Wolf, D Fenton, S AF Stanko, Jason Enoch, Rolondo Rayner, Jennifer Davis, Christine Wolf, Doug Fenton, Suzanne TI Effects of prenatal exposure to a low dose atrazine metabolite mixture on the reproductive development of male Long Evans rats. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500588 ER PT J AU Sabbioni, G Sepai, O Norppa, H Yan, H Hirvonen, A Zheng, Y Jarventaus, H Back, B Brooks, LR Warren, SH Demarini, DM Liu, YY AF Sabbioni, G. Sepai, O. Norppa, H. Yan, H. Hirvonen, A. Zheng, Y. Jarventaus, H. Back, B. Brooks, L. R. Warren, S. H. Demarini, D. M. Liu, Y. Y. TI Comparison of biomarkers in workers exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE chromosomal aberrations; GSTM1; GSTP1; GSTT1; haemoglobin-adducts; NAT1; NAT2; TNT; urinary metabolites; urinary mutagenicity ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; COVALENT BINDING; DNA-ADDUCTS; 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; INVIVO; BIOACTIVATION; METABOLITES; EXPLOSIVES AB 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an important occupational and environmental pollutant. In TNT-exposed humans, notable toxic manifestations have included aplastic anaemia, toxic hepatitis, cataracts, hepatomegaly, and liver cancer. Therefore, methods were developed to biomonitor workers exposed to TNT. The workers were employed in a typical ammunition factory in China. The external dose (air levels and skin exposure), the internal dose (urinary metabolites), the biologically effective dose (haemoglobin adducts, urinary mutagenicity), biological effects (chromosomal aberrations and health effects), and individual susceptibility (genotypes of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes) were determined. Haemoglobin-adducts of TNT, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT) and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT), and the urinary metabolites of TNT, 4ADNT and 2ADNT, were found in all workers and in some controls. The levels of the haemoglobin-adducts or the urinary metabolites correlated weakly with the skin or air levels of TNT. The urinary mutagenicity determined in a subset of workers correlated strongly with the levels of 4ADNT and 2ADNT in urine. The haemoglobin-adducts correlated moderately with the urinary metabolites and with the urinary mutagenicity. The genotypes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and N-acetyltransferases (NAT1, NAT2) were determined. In general, the genotypes did not significantly influence the haemoglobin-adduct levels and the urine metabolite levels. However, TNT-exposed workers who carried the NAT1 rapid acetylator genotype showed an increase in urinary mutagenicity and chromosomal aberrations as compared with slow acetylators. The haemoglobin adduct 4ADNT was significantly associated with a risk of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and cataract; urine metabolites and genotypes were not associated with health effects. These results indicate that a set of well-selected biomarkers may be more informative regarding exposure and effect than routinely performed chemical measurements of pollutants in the air or on the skin. C1 Inst Environm & Occupat Toxicol, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland. Univ Munich, Walther Straub Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Occupat Med, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sabbioni, G (reprint author), Inst Environm & Occupat Toxicol, Casella Postale 108, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland. EM gabriele.sabbioni@bluewin.ch NR 41 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 21 EP 37 DI 10.1080/13547500600807012 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 128LW UT WOS:000243660200002 PM 17438651 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Kim, D Prah, JD Rappaport, SM AF Pleil, J. D. Kim, D. Prah, J. D. Rappaport, S. M. TI Exposure reconstruction for reducing uncertainty in risk assessment: example using MTBE biomarkers and a simple pharmacokinetic model SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE environmental health risk; classical pharmacokinetic model; exhaled breath sample; blood sample; exposure assessment; exposure reconstruction ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER; EXHALED BREATH; VARIABILITY; METABOLISM; HUMANS; TOXICOKINETICS AB Adverse health risks from environmental agents are generally related to average (long-term) exposures. Because a given individual's contact with a pollutant is highly variable and dependent on activity patterns, local sources and exposure pathways, simple 'snapshot' measurements of surrounding environmental media may not accurately assign the exposure level. Furthermore, susceptibility to adverse effects from contaminants is considered highly variable in the population so that even similar environmental exposure levels may result in differential health outcomes in different individuals. The use of biomarker measurements coupled to knowledge of rates of uptake, metabolism and elimination has been suggested as a remedy for reducing this type of uncertainty. To demonstrate the utility of such an approach, we invoke results from a series of controlled human exposure tests and classical first-order rate kinetic calculations to estimate how well spot measurements of methyl tertiary butyl ether and the primary metabolite, tertiary butyl alcohol, can be expected to predict different hypothetical scenarios of previous exposures. We found that blood and breath biomarker measurements give similar results and that the biological damping effect of the metabolite production gives more stable estimates of previous exposure. We also explore the value of a potential urinary biomarker, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate suggested in the literature. We find that individual biomarker measurements are a valuable tool in reconstruction of previous exposures and that a simple pharmacokinetic model can identify the time frames over which an exogenous chemical and the related chemical biomarker are useful. These techniques could be applied to broader ranges of environmental contaminants to assess cumulative exposure risks if ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolization and Excretion) is understood and systemic biomarkers can be measured. C1 US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM pleil@unc.edu OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1080/13547500701246334 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 185SG UT WOS:000247730100001 PM 17564841 ER PT J AU Rowan, WH Campen, MJ Wichers, LB Watkinson, WP AF Rowan, William H., III Campen, Matthew J. Wichers, Lindsay B. Watkinson, William P. TI Heart rate variability in rodents: uses and caveats in toxicological studies SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rat; mouse; HRV; SDNN; frequency domain; air pollution; particulate matter ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; POWER SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; CARDIAC AUTONOMIC CONTROL; CARDIOVASCULAR VARIABILITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PULMONARY-DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE AB Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of cardiac pacing dynamics that has recently garnered a great deal of interest in environmental health studies. While the use of these measures has become popular, much uncertainty remains in the interpretation of results, both in terms of human and animal research. In humans, HRV endpoints, specifically chronic alterations in baseline HRV patterns, have been reasonably well characterized as prognostic indicators of adverse outcomes for a variety of diseases. However, such information is lacking for reversible HRV changes that may be induced by short-term exposures to environmental toxicants. Furthermore, there are minimal substantive data, either acute or chronic, regarding the pathological interpretation or prognostic value of toxicant-induced changes in HRV in rodents. The present report summarizes the physiological and clinical aspects of HRV, the methodological processes for obtaining these endpoints, and previous human and animal studies in the field of environmental health. Further-more, we include a discussion of important caveats and recommendations for the interpretation of HRV data in animal research. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Div Toxicol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Environm Media Assessment Grp, Off Res & Dev, US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev ,US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Campen, MJ (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Div Toxicol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM mcampen@lrri.org NR 151 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 28 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s12012-007-0004-6 PG 24 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA 200ZO UT WOS:000248801500004 PM 17646680 ER PT S AU Putney, JW AF Putney, James W., Jr. BE Wakelam, MJO TI Inositol lipids and TRPC channel activation SO CELL BIOLOGY OF INOSITOL LIPIDS AND PHOSPHATES SE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 74th Biochemical-Society Symposium CY MAR 29-31, 2006 CL Univ Birmingham, Med Sch, Birmingham, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc HO Univ Birmingham, Med Sch ID CAPACITATIVE CA2+ ENTRY; CA2+-PERMEABLE CATION CHANNEL; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CALCIUM-STORE DEPLETION; SALIVARY-GLAND CELLS; PORTAL-VEIN MYOCYTES; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; SIGNALING MECHANISM AB The original hypothesis put forth by Bob Michell in his seminal 1975 review held that inositol lipid breakdown was involved in the activation of plasma in embrane calcium channels or 'gates'. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that while the interposition of inositol lipid breakdown upstream of calcium signalling was correct, it was predominantly the release of Ca2+ that was activated, through the formation of Ins(1,4,5)P-3. Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane involved a secondary mechanism signalled in an unknown manner by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. In recent years, however, additional non-store-operated mechanisms for Ca2+ entry have emerged. In many instances, these pathways involve homologues of the Drosophila trp (transient receptor potential) gene. In mammalian systems there are seven members of the TRP superfamily, designated TRPC1-TRPC7, which appear to be reasonably close structural and functional homologues of Drosophila TRP. Although these channels can sometimes function as store-operated channels, in the majority of instances they function as channels more directly linked to phospholipase C activity. Three members of this family, TRPC3, 6 and 7, are activated by the phosphoinositide breakdown product, diacylglycerol. Two others, TRPC4 and 5, are also activated as a consequence of phospholipase C activity, although the precise substrate or product molecules involved are still unclear. Thus the TRPCs represent a family of ion channels that are directly activated by inositol lipid breakdown, confirming Bob Michell's original prediction 30 years ago. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Putney, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM putney@niehs.nih.gov NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PL, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0067-8694 BN 978-1-85578-166-5 J9 BIOCHEM SOC SYMP PY 2007 VL 74 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BFV61 UT WOS:000244887500004 ER PT S AU Shears, SB AF Shears, Stephen B. BE Wakelam, MJO TI Understanding the biological significance of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates ('inositol phosphates') SO CELL BIOLOGY OF INOSITOL LIPIDS AND PHOSPHATES SE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 74th Biochemical-Society Symposium CY MAR 29-31, 2006 CL Univ Birmingham, Med Sch, Birmingham, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc HO Univ Birmingham, Med Sch ID OVARIAN-CARCINOMA CELLS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HEXAKISPHOSPHATE KINASE-2; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; TELOMERE LENGTH; PROTEIN; TETRAKISPHOSPHATE; PYROPHOSPHATES; DICTYOSTELIUM; PHOSPHOHYDROLASE AB Among the many derivatives of the inositol-based signalling family are a subgroup that possess diphosphates. In this review, some recent research into the actions of these specialized polyphosphates is analysed, and key goals for future studies are identified, which, it is hoped, will result in the wider cell-signalling community giving considerably greater attention to this intriguing but relatively neglected class of Mositol polyphosphates. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shears, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, NIH, DHHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shears@niehs.nih.gov NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PL, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0067-8694 BN 978-1-85578-166-5 J9 BIOCHEM SOC SYMP PY 2007 VL 74 BP 211 EP 221 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BFV61 UT WOS:000244887500018 ER PT B AU Princiotta, FT AF Princiotta, Frank T. BE Cen, K Chi, Y Wang, F TI The role of power generation technology in mitigating global climate change SO CHALLENGES OF POWER ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE-2007) CY OCT 23-27, 2007 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Power Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Ahejiang Univ DE global warming; carbon dioxide; greenhouse gases; temperature increase; control technologies AB Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), are primarily responsible for the roughly 0.8 degrees C global temperature increase since the industrial revolution. With industrial activity and population expected to increase for the rest of the century, the projected large increases in greenhouse gas emissions are expected to result in additional, potentially substantial, global warming. Using a powerful, PC-based global climate model, global warming is projected for two business-as-usual cases, as well as simple, yet instructive, scenarios in which major programs are initiated to limit CO2 emissions. The paper provides a brief overview of 1) the forces driving CO2 emission increases, 2) how different CO2 emission trajectories could affect temperature this century, 3) required mitigation technologies with a focus on power generation mitigation options, and 4) R&D priorities. While various aspects of this subject are addressed extensively in the scientific literature,, this paper aims to provide a succinct integration of information about the projected warming of the earth in the decades ahead, the emission reductions that may be needed to constrain this warming to tolerable levels, and the potentially available technologies to help achieve these emission reductions. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Princiotta, FT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ZHEJIANG UNIV PRESS PI HANGZHOU PA YUGU ROAD 20,, HANGZHOU, ZHEJIANG 310027, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-308-05595-6 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP42 UT WOS:000255177100001 ER PT B AU Hall, RE Lee, CW Hutson, ND AF Hall, Robert E. Lee, Chun-Wai Hutson, Nick D. BE Cen, K Chi, Y Wang, F TI Mercury control for coal-fired power plants SO CHALLENGES OF POWER ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE-2007) CY OCT 23-27, 2007 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Power Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Ahejiang Univ DE mercury (Hg); oxides of nitrogen (NOx); sulfur oxides (SOx); particulate matter (PM) AB Mercury is a toxic, persistent pollutant that accumulates in the food chain, especially in fish, and causes major environmental health concerns. There are many sources of natural and anthropogenic emissions, but combustion of coal is known to be the major anthropogenic source of mercury (Hg) emissions in the U.S. and worldwide. To address this, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently promulgated the Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) to reduce Hg emissions from coal-fired utility boilers. This rule makes the United States the first country in the world to regulate mercury emissions from such plants. However, atmospheric mercury is a global problem and mercury emissions from U.S. coal-fired boilers represent only a small fraction of the total worldwide emissions. Mercury emissions from Asia-especially from countries with rapidly growing economies, such as China and India-account for almost 60% of worldwide anthropogenic mercury emissions. Mercury can be controlled as a co-benefit of existing NOx, SOx, and PM control technologies and via sorbent injection technology. The level of control is strongly affected by the type of mercury emitted (elemental, ionic, or particulate-bound), coal type, chlorine levels, and type of air pollution controls used. With knowledge of the impact of each of these, mercury can be controlled, and improved methods to achieve further control can be developed. C1 [Hall, Robert E.; Lee, Chun-Wai; Hutson, Nick D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hall, RE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ZHEJIANG UNIV PRESS PI HANGZHOU PA YUGU ROAD 20,, HANGZHOU, ZHEJIANG 310027, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-308-05595-6 PY 2007 BP 850 EP 854 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_158 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP42 UT WOS:000255177100158 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI An assessment of thermodynamic reaction constants for simulating aqueous environmental monomethyl mercury speciation SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE monomethylmercury; speciation; complexation; sulfhydryl; hydroxyl ID REDUCED SULFUR GROUPS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; COMPLEX-FORMATION; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; BINDING; HYDROLYSIS; SOIL AB Monomethylmercury (CH3Hg+) is both the most ecologically significant and the least well characterized species of mercury in environmental settings. Our understanding of the environmental speciation behavior of this compound is limited both as the result of lesser available laboratory data (when compared to inorganic mercury) as well as the uncertainties associated with our understanding of the properties of environmental ligands. A careful examination and synthesis of data reported in the technical literature led to the following findings: (1) a 25 degrees C, zero ionic strength bicarbonate ion complexation constant estimate is remarkably close to an earlier reported value at 0.4 M: CH3Hg+ + HCO3- double left right arrow CH3HgHCO3, log(10)K = 2.6 (+0.22, 1 SD), (2) three 25 degrees C zero ionic strength reaction constants reported by DeRobertis et al. (1998) were confirmed to within similar to+0.1 log(10)K units: CH3Hg+ +OH- double left right arrow CH3HgOH, log(10)K = 9.47; 2CH(3)Hg(+) +H2O4 double left right arrow (CH3Hg)(2)OH+ +H+, log(10)K = -2.15; CH3Hg+ +Cl- double left right arrow CH3HgCl, log(10)K = 5.45, (3) "best estimate" literature complexation constants corrected to zero ionic strength include: CH3Hg+ +F- double left right arrow CH3HgF, log(10)K=1.75 (20 degrees C corr. Schwartzenbach and Schellenberg, 1965); CH3Hg+ +Br- double left right arrow CH(3)gBr, log(10)K = 6.87 (20 degrees C corr. Schwartzenbach and Schellenberg, 1965); CH3Hg+ +l(-) double left right arrow CH(3)gl, log(10)K = 8.85 (20 degrees C corr. Schwartzenbach and Schellenberg, 1965); and CH(3)Hgl(+) + SO42- double left right arrow CH3HgSO4-, log(10)K = 2.64 (25 degrees C, DeRobertis et al., 1948), (4) literature reported values for simulating monomethyl mercury complexation with the carbonate ion may be too low: CH3Hg+ + CO32- double left right arrow CH3HgCO3-, log(10)K = 6.1 (Rabenstein et al., 1976; Erni, 1981), and (5) "best estimate" constants for simulating methyl mercury complexation with reduced environmental sulfur species include: CH3Hg+ +S2- double left right arrow CH3HgS-, log(10)K = 21.1; CH3Hg+ +SH- double left right arrow CH3HgSH, log(10)K = 14.5 (H+ +SH- double left right arrow H2S, log(10)K = 6.88; Dyrssen and Wedborg, 1991); CH3Hg+ +RS- double left right arrow CH3HgSR, log(10)K = 16.5 (H+ +RS- double left right arrow RSH, log(10)K = 9.96; Qian et al., 2002); and CH3Hg+ +CH3HgS1- double left right arrow (CH3Hg)(2)S, log(10)K = 16.32 (Schwartzenbach and Schellenberg, 1965; Rabenstein et al., 1978; and Erni, 1981). C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM lo-ax.nick@epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.3184/095422907X255947 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 273JL UT WOS:000253926100004 ER PT J AU Su, CM Puls, RW AF Su, Chunming Puls, Robert W. TI Removal of added nitrate in cotton burr compost, mulch compost, and peat: Mechanisms and potential use for groundwater nitrate remediation SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE groundwater nitrate; remediation; denitrification; cotton burr compost; mulch compost; peat ID CHEMICAL-REDUCTION; IRON; DENITRIFICATION; WATER; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; NITRITE; SOIL AB We conducted batch tests on the nature of removal of added nitrate in cotton burr compost, mulch compost, and sphagnum peat that may be potentially used in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for groundwater nitrate remediation. A rigorous steam autoclaving protocol (121 C for 2 h each day for three consecutive days) for the cotton burr compost and autoclaving of all labware and the nitrate working solutions resulted in drastically different results compared to the non-autoclaved treatment. In the non-autoclaved cotton burr compost, added nitrate at 20 mg N l(-1) decreased rapidly and was not detected after 3 d; whereas, the autoclaved cotton burr compost showed persistent nitrate above 15.5 mg N l(-1) even after 10 d, which is comparable with nitrate concentrations above 17.6 mg N l(-1) in a treatment using NaN3 at 1000 mg l(-1). Dewaxed cotton burr compost showed decreased nitrate reduction compared to the pristine cotton burr compost. No nitrate reduction was detected in the dewaxed sphagnum peat. It is concluded that nitrate removal in the organic media is controlled by microbiologically mediated processes. The use, of readily available cotton burr and mulch composts may offer a cost-effective method of nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM su.chunming@epa.gov; puls.robert@epa.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129QJ UT WOS:000243743700012 PM 16806400 ER PT J AU Kailasam, S Rogers, KR AF Kailasam, S. Rogers, K. R. TI A fluorescence-based screening assay for DNA damage induced by genotoxic industrial chemicals SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE toxic industrial chemicals; genotoxicity; melting annealing analysis ID CROTONALDEHYDE; QUANTITATION; ADDUCTS; DEOXYGUANOSINE; FORMALDEHYDE; BIOSENSOR; MUTAGENS; ACROLEIN C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.035 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129QJ UT WOS:000243743700022 PM 16820187 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Palladium-facilitated electrolytic dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl using a granular-graphite electrode SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PCBs; electrocatalytic dechlorination; granular-graphite electrode; palladium-facilitated electrolytic dechlorination ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BICONTINUOUS MICROEMULSION; CARBON CLOTH; HYDRODECHLORINATION; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; ELECTROREDUCTION; CATALYSTS; CATHODES; HYDROGEN AB Palladium-assisted electrocatalytic dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-Cl BP) in aqueous solutions was conducted in a membrane-separated electrochemical reactor with granular-graphite packed electrodes. The dechlorination took place at a granular-graphite cathode while Pd was electro-deposited from the K2PdCl6 in the solution and at a Pd-deposited granular-graphite electrode. Using the Pd-deposited graphite cathode in the membrane reactor for a sequence of experiments, each was conducted under a lower current than in the previous one, and the rate of dechlorination became slower in each consecutive experiment. At the end of this sequence, a duplicate experiment showed a loss of activity of the Pd-deposited granular-graphite cathode. In the experiments of dechlorination while Pd was deposited at the granular-graphite electrode, the rate of dechlorination increased with increases of the initial K2PdCl6 concentration and of the applied cathode potential. In each experiment, the dechlorination of 2-Cl BP was relatively fast at the beginning, as demonstrated in an experiment in which 66.4%, of 2-Cl BP was dechlorinated within 4 h, but the rate of dechlorination decreased over the time. This decrease can be described with two stages of exponential decrease. The values of the rate constant in the first stage varies with the applied potential and the initial K2PdCl6 concentration, but the values of the rate constant in the second stage do not show any dependence on the potential and the K2PdCl6 concentration. The current efficiency of dechlorination was improved by applying part-time current to the electrodes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.057 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131IR UT WOS:000243863000005 PM 16837025 ER PT J AU Boethling, RS Lynch, DG AF Boethling, Robert S. Lynch, David G. TI Biodegradation of US premanufacture notice chemicals in OECD tests SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ready biodegradation; inherent biodegradation; premanufacture notification; OECD; test guidelines ID READY BIODEGRADABILITY; RING TEST AB Biodegradation testing of commercial chemicals other than pesticides is generally performed using test guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We used test data submitted with US Premanufacture Notifications (PMNs) received from 1995 through 2005 to study performance of OECD biodegradation tests, as well as the overall testing strategy and guidance. Among the findings are that (1) ready biodegradation (RB) tests gave fairly consistent results relative to the pass/fail outcome, but not necessarily percent degradation; (2) the Zahn-Wellens test worked well in providing a quick measure of sorption potential, but aside from this, provided little useful information for the investigated chemicals beyond what was already available from RB tests; (3) the SCAS test sometimes gives lower % removal than continuous-feed simulation tests like OECD 303A; and (4) OECD 306 (marine biodegradation test) appeared less conservative than ordinary RB tests. Overall, the PMN data lend support to new OECD guidance that endorses the primary role of RB tests, but emphasizes simulation rather than inherent biodegradation tests as the next step. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Boethling, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Mail Code 7406M,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boethling.bob@epa.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 4 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.063 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132SL UT WOS:000243962400018 PM 16959293 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G Purandare, J Allen, D AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, G. Purandare, J. Allen, D. TI Arsenic release from iron rich mineral processing waste: Influence of pH and redox potential SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arsenic; iron; mineral processing waste; pH; redox potential ID CHARACTERISTIC LEACHING PROCEDURE; MOBILIZATION; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; GROUNDWATER; SOLUBILITY; TAILINGS; SOILS; TRANSFORMATIONS; IMMOBILIZATION AB This paper presents the effect of pH and redox potential on the potential mobility of arsenic (As) from a contaminated mineral processing waste. The selected waste contained about 0.47 g kg(-1) of As and 66.2 g kg(-1) of iron (Fe). The characteristic of the waste was identified by acid digestion, X-ray diffraction and sequential extraction procedures. Less than 2% of the total As was acid extractable with the remaining 98% associated with Fe-oxyhydroxides and oxides. Batch leaching tests at different pH conditions showed a strong pH dependence on arsenic and iron leaching. Arsenic leaching followed a "V" shaped profiles with significant leaching in the acidic and alkaline pH region. Acid extractable phases dissolved at acidic pH, while desorption of arsenic due to increase in pH resulted in high arsenic concentration at alkaline pH. Under aerobic conditions and pH 7, As solubility was low, probably due to its precipitation on Fe-oxyhydroxides. Maximum As solubilization occurred at pH 11 (3.59 mg l(-1)). Similarity in the As and Fe leaching profiles suggested that the release of As was related to the dissolution of Fe in the low pH region. In general, redox potential did not play a significant role in arsenic or iron solubilization. It was thus concluded that for this solid waste, desorption was the predominant mechanism in arsenic leaching. A simple thermodynamic model based on arsenic and iron redox reactions was developed to identify the more sensitive redox couple. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Englandgeosyst Inc, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 34 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 4 BP 775 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.045 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132SL UT WOS:000243962400025 PM 16949129 ER PT J AU Esperanza, M Suidan, MT Marfil-Vega, R Gonzalez, C Sorial, GA McCauley, P Brenner, R AF Esperanza, Mar Suidan, Makram T. Marfil-Vega, Ruth Gonzalez, Cristina Sorial, George A. McCauley, Paul Brenner, Richard TI Fate of sex hormones in two pilot-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants: Conventional treatment SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE endocrine disrupting chemicals; sex hormones; wastewater sludge ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; STEROID ESTROGENS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; BIOSOLIDS AB The fate of seven sex hormones (estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) was determined in two pilot-scale wastewater treatment plants operated under conventional loading conditions. The levels of hormones in both the liquid and the solid matrixes of the plants were determined. Each of the two 20-1/h pilot-scale plants consisted of a primary clarifier followed by a three-stage aeration tank and a final clarifier. The primary sludge and the waste activated sludge (WAS) were digested anaerobically in one pilot plant and aerobically in the other. The pilot plants were fcd a complex synthetic wastewater spiked with the hormones. Levels of testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone were close to method detection limit (NIDL) concentrations in the final and digester effluents (both liquid and solid phases) and were considered as completely removed. Average mass flux removals from the liquid streams (plant influent minus secondary clarifier effluent) for the natural estrogens were 82% for E1, 99% for E2, and 89% for (E1 + E2). An average overall removal of only 42% was achieved for EE2. These values reflect removals averaged for the two pilot plants. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45286 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 741 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM esperamd@email.uc.edu; makram.suidan@uc.edu NR 17 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1535 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.020 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135PW UT WOS:000244166500018 PM 17083962 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Freeman, HS D Claxton, L AF Wang, Jinlong Freeman, Harold S. D Claxton, Larry TI Synthesis and mutagenic properties of 4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl and 4,4'-diamino-p-quaterphenyl SO COLORATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ORGANIC PIGMENTS; PARA-TERPHENYL; PART I; SERIES; QUATERPHENYL; DERIVATIVES; BENZIDINE; NITRATION; SYSTEM AB 4,4'-Diamino-p-terphenyl and 4,4'-diamino-p-quaterphenyl were synthesised from readily available chemical intermediates. These compounds, along with 1,4-diaminophenylene and benzidine were examined in the Salmonella microsome assay with strains TA98 and TA100. The results of this study indicate that the mutagenicity of these diamines was the greatest for 4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl, followed by diaminophenylene and benzidine, with 4,4'-diamino-p-quaterphenyl showing no mutagenicity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Freeman, HS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM harold_freeman@ncsu.edu OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1472-3581 J9 COLOR TECHNOL JI Color. Technol. PY 2007 VL 123 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2006.00058.x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 125LH UT WOS:000243442900007 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Freeman, HS D Claxton, L AF Wang, Jinlong Freeman, Harold S. D Claxton, Larry TI Synthesis and mutagenic properties of direct dyes from 4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl and 4,4'-diamino-p-quaterphenyl SO COLORATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Disazo direct dyes were synthesised using bis-diazotisation and coupling reactions involving 4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl and 4,4'-diamino-p-quaterphenyl. The formation of the target dyes was confirmed by electrospray mass spectrometry and their mutagenicity was examined in the Salmonella microsome assay using TA98 and TA100. While most of these dyes were clearly non-mutagenic, results from the Prival modification of the standard assay showed that Congo Red and its homologue derived from 4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl were clearly mutagenic. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Freeman, HS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM harold_freeman@ncsu.edu OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1472-3581 J9 COLOR TECHNOL JI Color. Technol. PY 2007 VL 123 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2006.00059.x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 125LH UT WOS:000243442900008 ER PT J AU Rosati, JA Krebs, KA Liu, XY AF Rosati, Jacky A. Krebs, Kenneth A. Liu, Xiaoyu TI Emissions from cooking microwave popcorn SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE air sampling; diacetyl; perfluorinated compounds; volatiles ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; PLANT AB This study characterized chemicals released into a chamber in the process of cooking microwave popcorn. Seventeen types of microwave popcorn from eight different brands were studied. The work proceeded in two phases: phase one investigated chemicals emitted during popping and opening, phase two investigated chemicals emitted at discrete intervals from 0-40 minutes post-pop opening. The research was performed using a microwave oven enclosed in a chamber with ports for air sampling of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs in the air samples were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PM was characterized using both an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to cover a full range of emitted sizes. The compounds measured during popping and opening included butter flavoring components such as diacetyl, butyric acid, acetoin, propylene glycol, 2-nonanone, and triacetin and bag components such as p-xylene and perfluorinated alcohol 8:2 telomer. The greatest chemical quantity is emitted when the bag is opened post-popping; more than 80% of the total chemical emissions occur at this time. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rosati, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosati.jacky@epa.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 8 BP 701 EP 709 DI 10.1080/10408390701638951 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 235DR UT WOS:000251214200001 PM 17987444 ER PT J AU Tan, SW Timm, GE Amcoff, P AF Tan, Shirlee W. Timm, Gary E. Amcoff, Patric TI History and genesis of the detailed review of thyroid hormone disruption assays SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE assays; screens; tests; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; (OECD); thyroid hormone disruption; United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) AB This issue presents the detailed review paper (DRP) on thyroid hormone disruption assays that was prepared for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and that exists as an OECD monograph. However, this document is now available here in one issue of Critical Reviews in Toxicology as a series of published articles. The original document has been modified in several ways. First, an overview (now article 2) was added to discuss how new data and new directions for thyroid research will play an important role in shaping thyroid assays as they evolve. Second, each of the original chapters of the thyroid DRP have been separated into individual papers. The appendices of the original DRP were removed and will be merged and published separately. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Environm Directorate, Hlth & Safety Div, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. RP Tan, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1080/10408440601120855 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100001 PM 17364702 ER PT J AU Tan, SW Zoeller, RT AF Tan, Shirlee W. Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Integrating basic research on thyroid hormone action into screening and testing programs for thyroid disruptors SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE deiodinase; hormone transport; lodothyronine; monocarboxylate anion transporter 8 (MCT8); thyroid hormones (TH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroxin (T-4); 3,3 ',5 '-triiodothyronine (T-3) ID DOSE-RESPONSE; TRANSTHYRETIN; BINDING; TRANSPORTER; EVOLUTION; CHEMICALS; RECEPTOR; RATS; MICE; AXIS AB Thyroid hormone signaling is highly conserved among all the vertebrates, and appears to be present in some invertebrates. Both the components that comprise the system and its general role in development and physiology are evolutionarily conserved, although specific events regulated by thyroid hormones, such as amphibian metamorphosis, may differ among taxonomic groups. The articles in this issue review the thyroid systems of mammals (specifically humans and rodents), fish, amphibians, and birds, and the states of the assays and endpoints used to detect disruption of the thyroid system within a toxicological paradigm. It must be noted that while reptiles represent an enormously important group, they were excluded because there was not enough information in the literature on thyroid toxicology in reptiles at the time that this series of reviews was drafted. Each review highlights the best assays for current regulatory use and those that may be considered for development for future use and research. However, it is important to remember that thyroid research is moving ahead at a fast pace. New thyroid research will impact the design of future thyroid assays used for the detection of thyroid system disruption in ways that may not be anticipated at the time of this writing. Several new areas of exploration are discussed that reveal potential sites of disruption in the thyroid system, including (1) the importance of the neural drive for TSH upregulation, (2) thyroid hormone transport, including cellular transporters like monocarboxylate anion transporter 8 (MCT8) that can regulate thyroid hormone action at the cellular level, and thyroid hormone-binding proteins in the serum that have been shown to differentially bind to environmental chemicals (e.g., certain PCB congeners), and (3) the deiodinases as a target for disruption of thyroid hormone activity in the peripheral thyroid system. The review papers in this issue represent the current state of thyroid assays and endpoints for detection of chemicals that disrupt the thyroid system. C1 US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 22 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1080/10408440601123396 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100002 PM 17364703 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Tan, SW Tyl, RW AF Zoeller, R. Thomas Tan, Shirlee W. Tyl, Rochelle W. TI General background on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE deiodinase; iodination/deiodination; hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis; T3 (triiodothyronine); T4 (tetraiodothyronine; thyroxine); thyroid gland; thyroid hormone (TH); TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone); TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone; thyrotropin); TH receptor (TR) alpha/beta; thyroglobulin (Tg); thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG); transthyretin (TTR) ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; TRANSIENT CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; FOLLICULAR CELL-PROLIFERATION; FETAL-RAT BRAIN; MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION AB This article reviews the thyroid system, mainly from a mammalian standpoint. However, the thyroid system is highly conserved among vertebrate species, so the general information on thyroid hormone production and feedback through the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis should be considered for all vertebrates, while species-specific differences are highlighted in the individual articles. This background article begins by outlining the HPT axis with its components and functions. For example, it describes the thyroid gland, its structure and development, how thyroid hormones are synthesized and regulated, the role of iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis, and finally how the thyroid hormones are released from the thyroid gland. It then progresses to detail areas within the thyroid system where disruption could occur or is already known to occur. It describes how thyroid hormone is transported in the serum and into the tissues on a cellular level, and how thyroid hormone is metabolized. There is an in-depth description of the alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors and their functions, including how they are regulated, and what has been learned from the receptor knockout mouse models. The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone are also described, such as in glucose uptake, mitochondrial effects, and its role in actin polymerization and vesicular recycling. The article discusses the concept of compensation within the HPT axis and how this fits into the paradigms that exist in thyroid toxicology/endocrinology. There is a section on thyroid hormone and its role in mammalian development: specifically, how it affects brain development when there is disruption to the maternal, the fetal, the newborn (congenital), or the infant thyroid system. Thyroid function during pregnancy is critical to normal development of the fetus, and several spontaneous mutant mouse lines are described that provide research tools to understand the mechanisms of thyroid hormone during mammalian brain development. Overall this article provides a basic understanding of the thyroid system and its components. The complexity of the thyroid system is clearly demonstrated, as are new areas of research on thyroid hormone physiology and thyroid hormone action developing within the field of thyroid endocrinology. This review provides the background necessary to review the current assays and endpoints described in the following articles for rodents, fishes, amphibians, and birds. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RTI Int, Ctr Life Sci & Toxicol, DART, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 464 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 13 U2 99 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 53 DI 10.1080/10408440601123446 PG 43 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100003 PM 17364704 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Tyl, RW Tan, SW AF Zoeller, R. Thomas Tyl, Rochelle W. Tan, Shirlee W. TI Current and potential rodent screens and tests for thyroid toxicants SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cerebellar development (proliferation, apoptosis, migration; differentiation); in vitro screens; in vivo screens; regulatory screens and tests; serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels; TH receptor binding and activation; thyroid gland weight and histopathology; thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroid system toxicants ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FETAL-RAT BRAIN; FOLLICULAR CELL-PROLIFERATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AROCLOR-1254; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HORMONE RECEPTOR ALPHA-1; IODIDE TRANSPORT DEFECT; IN-SITU DETECTION AB This article reviews current rodent screens and tests to detect thyroid toxicants. Many points of disruption for thyroid toxicants are outlined and include: (a) changes in serum hormone level; (b) thyroperoxidase inhibitors; (c) the perchlorate discharge test; (d) inhibitors of iodide uptake; (e) effects on iodothyronine deiodinases; (f) effects on thyroid hormone action; and (g) role of binding proteins (e.g., rodent transthyretin). The major thyroid endpoints currently utilized in existing in vivo assay protocols of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Japanese researchers, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) include thyroid gland weight, histopathology, circulating thyroid hormone measurements, and circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). These endpoints can be added into the existing in vivo assays for reproduction, development, and neurodevelopment that are outlined in this chapter. Strategic endpoints for possible addition to existing protocols to detect effects on developmental and adult thyroid endpoints are discussed. Many of these endpoints for detecting thyroid system disruption require development and additional research before they can be considered in existing assays. Examples of these endpoints under development include computer-assisted morphometry of the brain and evaluation of treatment-related changes in gene expression, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH challenge tests, and tests to evaluate thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent developmental events, especially in the rodent brain (e.g., measures of cerebellar and cortical proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, planimetric measures and gene expression, and oligodendrocyte differentiation). Finally, TH-responsive genes and proteins as well as enzyme activities are being explored. Existing in vitro tests are also reviewed, for example, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, receptor binding, and receptor activation assays, and their restrictions are described. The in vivo assays are currently the most appropriate for understanding the potential effects of a thyroid toxicant on the thyroid system. The benefits and potential limitations of the current in vivo assays are listed, and a discussion of the rodent thyroid system in the context of human health is touched upon. Finally, the importance of understanding the relationship between timing of exposure, duration of dose, and time of acquisition of the endpoints in interpreting the results of the in vivo assays is emphasized. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RTI Int, Dev & Reprod Toxicol DART Studies Ctr Life Sci &, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu NR 226 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 95 DI 10.1080/10408440601123461 PG 41 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100004 PM 17364705 ER PT J AU Fort, DJ Degitz, S Tietge, J Touart, LW AF Fort, Douglas J. Degitz, Sigmund Tietge, Joseph Touart, Leslie W. TI The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in frogs and its role in frog development and reproduction SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE amphibian; hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; metamorphosis; thyroid; thyroid axis disruption; thyroid hormone; thyroid hormone receptors; thyroid hormone transport ID RANA-CATESBEIANA TADPOLES; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; HORMONE RECEPTOR-BETA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS METAMORPHOSIS; HUMAN GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; II IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENE; NUCLEAR-BINDING CAPACITY; AMPHIBIAN IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH AB Metamorphosis of the amphibian tadpole is a thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent developmental process. For this reason, the tadpole is considered to be an ideal bioassay system to identify disruption of thyroid function by environmental contaminants. Here we provide an in-depth review of the amphibian thyroid system with particular focus on the role that TH plays in metamorphosis. The amphibian thyroid system is similar to that of mammals and other tetrapods. We review the amphibian hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, focusing on thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, and metabolism. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of TH action, including the role of TH receptors, the actions of TH on organogenesis, and the mechanisms that underlie the pleiotropic actions of THs. Finally, we discuss methods for evaluating thyroid disruption in frogs, including potential sites of action, relevant endpoints, candidate protocols for measuring thyroid axis disruption, and current gaps in our knowledge. The utility of amphibian metamorphosis as a model for evaluating thyroid axis disruption has recently led to the development of a bioassay using Xenopus laevis. C1 Ft Environm Labs, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), Ft Environm Labs, 515 S Duncan St, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM djfort@fortlabs.com NR 327 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 33 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 161 DI 10.1080/10408440601123545 PG 45 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100006 PM 17364707 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Tan, SW AF Zoeller, R. Thomas Tan, Shirlee W. TI Implications of research on assays to characterize thyroid toxicants SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE endocrine disruption; screening and testing; thyroid toxicity; thyroxine ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; MESSENGER-RNA; HORMONE; METAMORPHOSIS; EXPRESSION; ONTOGENY; SYSTEM; RATS AB Many aspects of thyroid endocrinology are very well conserved across vertebrate taxa. These aspects include thyroid hormone chemistry, the mechanism of its synthesis, and the proteins involved in these processes. In addition, the system by which the hormone is delived from the thyroid gland to target cells, including transport and regulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and the proteins that regulate the different components of this delivery system appear to be highly conserved across the vertebrates. Finally, the receptors that mediate thyroid hormone action and the roles thyroid hormone plays are very similar among the vertebrates. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to provide a brief synopsis of the literature supporting existing screening and testing strategies in different vertebrate taxa, and to provide insight into the strengths, weaknesses, and likely changes over time. It was determined during this review that, because of the complexity of the thyroid system, it is unlikely that current in vitro assays for thyroid toxicity will be able to sufficiently replace in vivo assays for thyroid toxicants. However, the in vitro assays serve an important purpose in providing mode of action information and could provide potential screening tools, and should continue to be developed for use. Moreover, because in vivo assays are added on to preexisting reproductive or developmental screens and tests, there are no additional animals required for the in vivo assays. Specific in vitro assays were identified for development, including the thyroid receptor binding and activation assays, and in vitro assays to evaluate thyroid hormone action. Some in vivo endpoints suggested for further research included neuronal differentiation and migration, measures of histogenesis, and measures for thyroid gland thyroid hormone content, which may be more sensitive indicators of TSH stimulation. The most commonly used endpoints currently used to monitor thyroid function are thyroid hormone levels (T-3 and T-4), TSH, thyroid gland weight, and thyroid histology. Thyroid endocrinology is rapidly advancing and new discoveries will certainly warrant incorporation into future assays. The development of additional endpoints that measure thyroid hormone's actions peripheral to the HPT axis and the development of new reagents for nonmammalian vertebrate species will significantly improve the ability of today's assays to detect chemicals that disrupt the thyroid system in multiple vertebrate species. It is our hope that this series of thyroid articles will provide regulators and research scientists the information needed for each individual to identify the assays and endpoints most suited for their specific purposes. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu; tan.shirlee@epa.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1080/10408440601123578 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100008 PM 17364709 ER PT J AU Rhomberg, LR Baetcke, K Blancato, J Bus, J Cohen, S Conolly, R Dixit, R Doe, J Ekelman, K Fenner-Crisp, P Harvey, P Hattis, D Jacobs, A Jacobson-Kram, D Lewandowski, T Liteplo, R Pelkonen, O Rice, J Somers, D Turturro, A West, W Olin, S AF Rhomberg, Lorenz R. Baetcke, Karl Blancato, Jerry Bus, James Cohen, Samuel Conolly, Rory Dixit, Rakesh Doe, John Ekelman, Karen Fenner-Crisp, Penny Harvey, Paul Hattis, Dale Jacobs, Abigail Jacobson-Kram, David Lewandowski, Tom Liteplo, Robert Pelkonen, Olavi Rice, Jerry Somers, Diana Turturro, Angelo West, Webster Olin, Stephen TI Issues in the design and interpretation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in rodents: Approaches to dose selection SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; ELEVATED LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; F344 RATS; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE AB For more than three decades chronic studies in rodents have been the benchmark for assessing the potential long- term toxicity, and particularly the carcinogenicity, of chemicals. With doses typically administered for about 2 years (18 months to lifetime), the rodent bioassay has been an integral component of testing protocols for food additives, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and all manner of byproducts and environmental contaminants. Over time, the data from these studies have been used to address an increasing diversity of questions related to the assessment of human health risks, adding complexity to study design and interpretation. An earlier ILSI RSI working group developed a set of principles for the selection of doses for chronic rodent studies ( ILSI, 1997). The present report builds on that work, examining some of the issues that arise and offering new perspectives and approaches for putting the principles into practice. Dose selection is considered both from the prospective viewpoint of the choosing of dose levels for a study and from the retrospective interpretation of study results in light of the doses used. A main theme of this report is that the purposes and objectives of chronic rodent studies vary and should be clearly defined in advance. Dose placement, then, should be optimized to achieve study objectives. For practical reasons, most chronic studies today must be designed to address multiple objectives, often requiring trade-offs and innovative approaches in study design. A systematic approach to dose selection should begin with recognition that the design of chronic studies occurs in the context of a careful assessment of the accumulated scientific information on the test substance, the relevant risk management questions, priorities and mandates, and the practical limitations and constraints on available resources. A stepwise process is described. The aim is to increase insofar as possible the utility of an expensive and time-consuming experiment. The kinds of data that are most commonly needed for dose selection and for understanding the dose-related results of chronic rodent studies, particularly carcinogenicity studies, are discussed as " design/ interpretation factors." They comprise both the inherent characteristics of the test substance and indicators of biological damage, perturbation or stress among the experimental animals. They may be primary toxicity endpoints, predictors or indicators of appropriate dose selection, or indicators of conditions to be avoided in dose selection. The application and interpretation of design/ interpretation factors is conditioned by the study objectives-what is considered desirable will depend on the strategy for choice of doses that is being followed. The challenge is to select doses that accommodate all of the issues raised by the relevant design/ interpretation factors. Three case studies are presented here that illustrate the interplay between study objectives and the design and selection of doses for chronic rodent studies. These examples also highlight issues associated with multiple plausible modes of action, multiple pathways for biotransformation of the chemical, extraneous high-dose effects, the use of modeling in dose selection, and the implications of human exposure levels. Finally, looking to the future, the report explores seven potential paradigm shifts for risk assessment that will significantly impact the design and interpretation of toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. C1 ILSI Res Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US EPA, OPP, HED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. US EPA, ORD, NCCT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Syngenta CTL, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. US FDA, CVM, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. ILSI RF, RSI, Washington, DC USA. NICNAS, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US FDA, CDER, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Olin, S (reprint author), ILSI Res Fdn, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM solin@ilsi.org RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015; OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 301 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 729 EP 837 DI 10.1080/10408440701524949 PG 109 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 226QM UT WOS:000250603600001 PM 17957539 ER PT J AU Barter, ZE Bayliss, MK Beaune, PH Boobis, AR Carlile, DJ Edwards, RJ Houston, JB Lake, BG Lipscomb, JC Pelkonen, OR Tucker, GT Rostami-Hodjegan, A AF Barter, Zoe E. Bayliss, Martin K. Beaune, Philip H. Boobis, Alan R. Carlile, David J. Edwards, Robert J. Houston, J. Brian Lake, Brian G. Lipscomb, John C. Pelkonen, Olavi R. Tucker, Geoffrey T. Rostami-Hodjegan, Amin TI Scaling factors for the extrapolation of in vivo metabolic drug clearance from in vitro data: Reaching a consensus on values of human microsomal protein and hepatocellularity per gram of liver SO CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM LA English DT Review ID INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; RAT HEPATOCYTES; HEPATIC-CLEARANCE; PRIMARY CULTURES; ENZYME-KINETICS; BLOOD-FLOW; PREDICTION; PHARMACOKINETICS; ALPRAZOLAM AB Reported predictions of human in vivo hepatic clearance from in vitro data have used a variety of values for the scaling factors human microsomal protein (MPPGL) and hepatocellularity (HPGL) per gram of liver, generally with no consideration of the extent of their inter-individual variability. We have collated and analysed data from a number of sources, to provide weighted mean(geo) values of human MPPGL and HPGL of 32 mg g(-1) (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 29 - 34 mg.g(-1)) and 99 x 106 cells.g(-1) (95% Cl; 74 - 131 mg.g(-1)), respectively. Although inter-individual variability in values of MPPGL and HPGL was statistically significant, gender, smoking or alcohol consumption could not be detected as significant covariates by multiple linear regression. However, there was a weak but statistically significant inverse relationship between age and both MPPGL and HPGL. These findings indicate the importance of considering differences between study populations when forecasting in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour. Typical clinical pharmacology studies, particularly in early drug development, use young, fit healthy male subjects of around 30 years of age. In contrast, the average age of patients for many diseases is about 60 years of age. The relationship between age and MPPGL observed in this study estimates values of 40 mg.g(-1) for a 30 year old individual and 31 mg.g(-1) for a 60 year old individual. Investigators may wish to consider the reported covariates in the selection of scaling factors appropriate for the population in which estimates of clearance are being predicted. Further studies are required to clarify the influence of age (especially in paediatric subjects), donor source and ethnicity on values of MPPGL and HPGL. In the meantime, we recommend that the estimates (and their variances) from the current meta-analysis be used when predicting in vivo kinetic parameters from in vitro data. C1 Univ Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Acad Unit Clin Pharmacol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. Simcyp Ltd, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. GlaxoSmithklin R&D, Ware, Herts, England. Univ Paris 05, Ctr Univ St Peres, INSERM, UMRS 775, Paris 5, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Div Med, Sect Expt Med & Toxicol, London, England. F Hoffmann La Roche & Co Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, Herts, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. BIBRA Int Ltd, Carshalton, Surrey, England. Univ Surrey, Ctr Toxicol, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Oulu, Finland. RP Rostami-Hodjegan, A (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Acad Unit Clin Pharmacol, Floor M, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. EM a.rostami@sheffield.ac.uk OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 80 TC 176 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 22 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2002 J9 CURR DRUG METAB JI Curr. Drug Metab. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.2174/138920007779315053 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 120AE UT WOS:000243054800004 PM 17266522 ER PT J AU Babu, VR Reddy, KM Sairam, M Subha, MCS Mallikarjuna, NN Kulkarni, PV Aminabhavi, TM AF Babu, V. Ramesh Reddy, K. Mallikarjuna Sairam, M. Subha, M. C. S. Mallikarjuna, N. N. Kulkarni, P. V. Aminabhavi, T. M. TI Preparation and characterization of atenolol-loaded cellulose acetate butyrate-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blend microspheres: in vitro release studies SO DESIGNED MONOMERS AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE cellulose acetate butyrate; poly(vinyl pyrrolidone); microspheres; atenolol; controlled release ID MICROPARTICLES; MICROCAPSULES; IBUPROFEN; DELIVERY; DRUGS AB Cellulose acetate butyrate-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (CAB-PVP) blend microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique using poly(vinyl alcohol) as an emulsifying agent. Atenolol (ATNL), an antihypertensive drug, was successfully loaded into these microspheres. Effect of experimental variables such as CAB/PVP ratio on ATNL encapsulation efficiency, release rate, size and morphology of the microspheres has been investigated. ATNL-loaded microspheres were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the crystalline nature of ATNL after encapsulation. DSC results indicated a non-uniform dispersion of ATNL in CAB-PVP blend matrix. Scanning electron micrographs indicated the formation of spherical microspheres. Mean particle size of the microspheres, as measured by the laser light scattering technique, ranged between 100 and 120 pm. An encapsulation of about 80% of ATNL was achieved. In vitro dissolution experiments performed in pH 7.4 buffer medium indicated the controlled release of atenolol from the blend microspheres up to 10 h. C1 Karnatak Univ, Drug Delivery Div, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Dept Chem, Anantapur 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Aminabhavi, TM (reprint author), Karnatak Univ, Drug Delivery Div, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. EM aminabhavi@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-772X J9 DES MONOMERS POLYM JI Des. Monomers Polym. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1163/156855507780378276 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 174TG UT WOS:000246965100005 ER PT J AU Song, LY Fassler, R Mishina, Y Jiao, K Baldwin, HS AF Song, Lanying Faessler, Reinhard Mishina, Yuji Jiao, Kai Baldwin, H. Scott TI Essential functions of Alk3 during AV cushion morphogenesis in mouse embryonic hearts SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alk3; atrioventricular cushion; BMP; cardiogenesis; congenital heart diseases; epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) ID ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TOOTH DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN-RECEPTOR; NF-ATC; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; VALVES; CELLS; MICE AB Accumulated evidence has suggested that BMP pathways play critical roles during mammalian cardiogenesis and impairment of BMP signaling may contribute to human congenital heart diseases (CHDs), which are the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Alk3 encodes a BMP specific type I receptor expressed in mouse embryonic hearts. To reveal functions of Alk3 during atrioventricular (AV) cushion morphogenesis and to overcome the early lethality of Alk3(-/-) embryos, we applied a Cre/loxp approach to specifically inactivate Alk3 in the endothelium/endocardium. Our studies showed that endocardial depletion of Alk3 severely impairs epithelium-mesenchymal-transforrnation (EMT) in the atrioventricular canal (AVC) region; the number of mesenchymal cells formed in Tie1-Cre;Alk3(loxp/loxp) embryos was reduced to only similar to 20% of the normal level from both in vivo section studies and in vitro explant assays. We showed, for the first time, that in addition to its functions on mesenchyme formation, Alk3 is also required for the normal growth/survival of AV cushion mesenchymal cells. Functions of Alk3 are accomplished through regulating expression/activation/subcellular localization of multiple downstream genes including Smads and cell-cycle regulators. Taken together, our study supports the notion that Alk3-mediated BMP signaling in AV endocardial/mesenchymal cells plays a central role during cushion morphogenesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Cardiol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Genet, Div Genet & Translat Med, Birmingham, AL 35394 USA. Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Med, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Cardiol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Jiao, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Cardiol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kjiao@uab.edu; scott.baldwin@Vanderbilt.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5 P50 HL56401-09] NR 52 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 301 IS 1 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.004 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 125UG UT WOS:000243467800024 PM 16959237 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ van der Heiden, IP Goldstein, JA van Schaik, RHN AF Lee, Su-Jun van der Heiden, Ilse P. Goldstein, Joyce A. van Schaik, Ron H. N. TI A new CYP3A5 variant, CYP3A5*11, is shown to be defective in nifedipine metabolism in a recombinant cDNA expression system SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION SITE; DRUG-METABOLISM; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; DOSE RATIO; TACROLIMUS; ENZYMES; IDENTIFICATION; CYCLOSPORINE AB A new CYP3A5 variant, CYP3A5*11, was found in a white European subject by DNA sequencing. The CYP3A5*11 allele contains a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (g.3775A > G) in exon 2, which results in a Tyr53Cys substitution, and a g.6986A > G splice change, the latter SNP previously reported in the defective CYP3A5*3 allele. However, the CYP3A5*3 is not a null allele because this variant is associated with leaky splicing, resulting in small amounts of functional protein still being produced. Therefore, we constructed a cDNA coding for the newly identified CYP3A5.11 protein by site-directed mutagenesis, expressed it in Escherichia coli, and partially purified it. Whereas bacteria transformed with wild-type CYP3A5*1 cDNA expressed predominantly cytochrome P450 (P450), those transfected with CYP3A5*11 expressed a significant amount of denatured cytochrome P420 in addition to P450, suggesting the protein to be unstable. CYP3A5.11 exhibited a 38% decrease in the V-max for nifedipine metabolism, a 2.7-fold increase in the K-m, and a 4.4-fold decrease in the CLint of nifedipine compared with CYP3A5.1. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping procedure was developed and used to genotype DNA of 500 white individuals for CYP3A5*11. No additional examples of this allele were identified. In summary, individuals carrying the rare CYP3A5*11 allele are predicted to have lower metabolism of CYP3A5 substrates than individuals expressing CYP3A5*3. C1 Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Chem, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. NIEHS, Human Metab Sect,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP van Schaik, RHN (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Chem, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM r.vanschaik@erasmusmc.nl RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES021024-27] NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1124/dmd.106.012310 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 120XF UT WOS:000243119400010 PM 17035598 ER PT J AU Mazur, CS Kenneke, JF AF Mazur, Christopher S. Kenneke, John F. TI CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISON OF CONAZOLE FUNGICIDE METABOLITES USING RAT AND RAINBOW TROUT HEPATIC MICROSOMES AND PURIFIED HUMAN CYP 3A4 SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-for-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 09-12, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Mazur, Christopher S.; Kenneke, John F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2007 VL 39 SU 1 MA 494 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 670RD UT WOS:000283444100491 ER PT J AU Carleton, JN Montas, HJ AF Carleton, James N. Montas, Hubert J. TI A modeling approach for mixing and reaction in wetlands with continuously varying flow SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE advection; anomalous dispersion; Damkohler number; non-Fickian; non-steady flow; residence time distribution; vegetation density; wetland ID ORLANDO EASTERLY WETLAND; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; VEGETATION; TRANSPORT; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFUSION; VELOCITY; REMOVAL; FLORIDA; NUMBER AB Prior investigations have examined steady-state flow in surface flow treatment wetlands, with mixing modeled as advection-dominated, and reaction calculated using flow-weighted averages over collections of stream tubes with different velocities. This work extends these concepts to non-steady flow conditions and temporally varying inlet concentrations. The essential construct that makes the approach feasible is definition of a set of reference (steady) state conditions under which the residence time distribution (RTD) and stream-tube specific rate constants are defined. Residence time in any stream tube under non-steady flow is treated as a linear function of its reference-condition residence time, and the overall wetland retention time under both mean and varying flow regimes. Outlet concentration is found by convolution of the reaction term with a varying inlet concentration function. For real-world flow and concentration data collected at discrete points in time, integration for outlet concentration is approximated using linear interpolation to generate inlet concentrations and velocities at intermediate points in time. The approach is examined using data from the literature. Vegetation density and depth distributions are seen as central in determining mixing and treatment performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carleton, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Mail Code 4305T,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carleton.jim@epa.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.07.009 PG 12 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 127QF UT WOS:000243600700005 ER PT J AU Abdul-Mohsen, A Hitzhusen, FJ AF Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf Hitzhusen, Fred J. BE Hitzhusen, FJ TI Economic efficiency and distribution evaluation of dredging of toxic sediments and selected dam removal in the Mahoning River SO ECONOMIC VALUATION OF RIVER SYSTEMS SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALUING PUBLIC-GOODS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; UTILITY; SCOPE C1 [Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hitzhusen, Fred J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hitzhusen, Fred J.] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Abdul-Mohsen, A (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-634-7 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2007 BP 129 EP 152 PG 24 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTF10 UT WOS:000286729100010 ER PT J AU Hitzhusen, FJ Kruse, SA Abdul-Mohsen, A Ferreti-Meza, JJ Hnytka, M AF Hitzhusen, Fred J. Kruse, Sarah A. Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf Ferreti-Meza, Joana J. Hnytka, Marc BE Hitzhusen, FJ TI The Cuyahoga River Valley initiative: framing, codification, and preliminary economic analysis in an urban river corridor SO ECONOMIC VALUATION OF RIVER SYSTEMS SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hitzhusen, Fred J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hitzhusen, Fred J.] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ferreti-Meza, Joana J.] CRIM UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Hnytka, Marc] Ohio State Univ, Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hitzhusen, FJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-634-7 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2007 BP 174 EP 191 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTF10 UT WOS:000286729100012 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ AF Woodruff, Tracey J. BA Gore, AC BF Gore, AC TI Policy Implications of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Humans SO ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS: FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO CLINICAL PRACTICE SE Contemporary Endocrinology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEALTH; EXPOSURE; CANCER; LEAD; CHILDREN; BREAST C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-59745-107-9 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2007 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.1007/1-59745-107-X_12 D2 10.1007/1-59745-107-X PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BNF96 UT WOS:000274470500012 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Sui, L Walker, MJ Anderson, W Thomas, S Smoller, SN Schon, JP Phani, S Goodman, JH AF Gilbert, M. E. Sui, L. Walker, M. J. Anderson, W. Thomas, S. Smoller, S. N. Schon, J. P. Phani, S. Goodman, J. H. TI Thyroid hormone insufficiency during brain development reduces parvalbumin immunoreactivity and inhibitory function in the hippocampus SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINDING PROTEIN PARVALBUMIN; NEONATAL-RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; PAIRED-PULSE DEPRESSION; IMPAIRS SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; GYRUS IN-VIVO; DENTATE GYRUS; GABAERGIC NEURONS; AREA CA1; ADULT-RATS; SHORT-TERM AB Thyroid hormones are necessary for brain development. gamma-Amino-butyric acid ( GABA) ergic interneurons comprise the bulk of local inhibitory circuitry in brain, many of which contain the calcium binding protein, parvalbumin ( PV). A previous report indicated that severe postnatal hypothyroidism reduces PV immunoreactivity ( IR) in rat neocortex. We examined PV-IR and GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition in the hippocampus of rats deprived of thyroid hormone from gestational d 6 until weaning on postnatal d 30. Pregnant dams were exposed to propylthiouracil ( 0, 3, 10 ppm) via the drinking water, which decreased maternal serum T-4 by approximately 50 - 75% and increased TSH. At weaning, T-4 was reduced by approximately 70% in offspring in the low-dose group and fell below detectable levels in high-dose animals. PV-IR was diminished in the hippocampus and neocortex of offspring killed on postnatal d 21, an effect that could be reversed by postnatal administration of T-4. Dose-dependent decreases in the density of PV-IR neurons were observed in neocortex and hippocampus, with the dentate gyrus showing the most severe reductions ( 50 - 75% below control counts). Altered staining persisted to adulthood despite the return of thyroid hormones to control levels. Developmental cross-fostering and adult-onset deprivation studies revealed that early postnatal hormone insufficiency was required for an alteration in PV-IR. Synaptic inhibition of the perforant path-dentate gyrus synapse evaluated in adult offspring, in vivo, revealed dose-dependent reductions in paired pulse depression indicative of a suppression of GABA-mediated inhibition. These data demonstrate that moderate degrees of thyroid hormone insufficiency during the early postnatal period permanently alters interneuron expression of PV and compromises inhibitory function in the hippocampus. C1 US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div MDB10505, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Helen Hayes Hosp, Ctr Neural Recovery & Rehabil Res, W Haverstraw, NY 10993 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div MDB10505, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 45 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1210/en.2006-0164 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 118IH UT WOS:000242935200012 PM 17008398 ER PT J AU Hsu, CH Stedeford, T Persad, AS Kropczynska, AJ Banasik, M AF Hsu, Ching-Hung Stedeford, Todd Persad, Amanda S. Kropczynska, Agnieszka J. Banasik, Marek TI Health/safety assessments for methylmercury: An analysis of the uncertainty in calculating safe levels for chronic exposures SO ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; FISH CONSUMPTION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN VARIABILITY; MERCURY; PERFORMANCE; PHARMACOKINETICS; NEUROTOXICITY; ASSOCIATION; METABOLISM AB Human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) has been the focal point of attention paid by international public health and regulatory agencies to this problem. Several epidemiological studies are available (e.g., those carried out for the Faroe Islands, the Seychelles, and New Zealand) that contribute a substantial amount of knowledge to understanding the adverse effects from chronic low-level exposure to MeHg. These studies, as compared to the high-level exposures observed in Iraq and Japan. represent exposure scenarios that are more consistent with potential exposure in the United States. However, differences between these studies present a distressing choice when choosing a critical study, applying uncertainty factors, and establishing a safe level of exposure. This study provides an analysis of the methods used by several international agencies for resolving these latter issues in order to establish safe levels of exposure to MeHg. C1 [Banasik, Marek] Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, PL-02835 Warsaw, Poland. [Hsu, Ching-Hung; Stedeford, Todd; Persad, Amanda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Banasik, Marek] Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Banasik, M (reprint author), Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, Batystowa 1B-2, PL-02835 Warsaw, Poland. EM marek_banasik@yahoo.com NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TECHNICAL UNIV WROCLAW PI WROCLAW PA WYBRZEZE WYSPIANSKIEGO 27, EXPORT-IMPORT DIVISION, 50-370 WROCLAW, POLAND SN 0324-8828 J9 ENVIRON PROT ENG JI Environ. Prot. Eng. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 89 EP 109 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 293JW UT WOS:000255332600008 ER PT J AU Skov, H Sorensen, BT Landis, MS Johnson, MS Sacco, P Goodsite, ME Lohse, C Christiansen, KS AF Skov, Henrik Sorensen, Britt T. Landis, Matthew S. Johnson, Matthew S. Sacco, Paolo Goodsite, Michael E. Lohse, Christian Christiansen, Kenneth S. TI Performance of a new diffusive sampler for Hg-0 determination in the troposphere SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS MERCURY; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; ATMOSPHERIC IMPLICATIONS; INITIATED REACTIONS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; EXPOSURE; VAPOR; GREENLAND; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB Mercury behaves uniquely in the atmosphere due to its volatility and long lifetime. The existing methods for measuring atmospheric mercury are either expensive or labour intensive. The present paper presents a new measurement technique, the diffusive sampler, that is portable, inexpensive, easy to use, and does not need a power supply. The sampler is sufficiently sensitive that it can measure mercury at low ambient levels with an exposure time of 1 to 3 days. The sampler is based on the Radiello diffusive sampler, which was used to collect volatile organic compounds. In the present paper, the method is validated under controlled laboratory conditions. The uptake rate of the Radiello diffusive sampler is determined using known concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury, and is measured as a function of wind speed, relative humidity and temperature. The Radiello sampler has a detection limit of 0.14 ng m(-3) for 1 day of exposure and thus can be used to measure mercury concentrations at the low levels found in ambient air. The Radiello sampler is therefore useful for mapping concentrations close to sources and sinks, in addition to ambient concentrations. For example, the sampler can be used to describe the geographical extent of Arctic mercury depletion episodes where gaseous elemental mercury is removed and stays close to 0 ng m(-3) for days, and it can be a powerful tool for mapping gradients around point sources and other areas of interest. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Atmospher Environm, ATM, Natl Environm Res Inst,DMU, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, Copenhagen Ctr Atmospher Res, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Fdn Salvatore Maugeri, Ctr Ric Ambientali, I-35127 Padua, Italy. Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. RP Skov, H (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Atmospher Environm, ATM, Natl Environm Res Inst,DMU, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM hsk@dmu.dk RI Goodsite, Michael/B-7321-2012; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; OI Goodsite, Michael/0000-0002-4565-6607; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Johnson, Matthew/0000-0002-3645-3955 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1071/EN06082 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157LV UT WOS:000245722100002 ER PT J AU Chappell, MA Scheckel, KG AF Chappell, Mark A. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI Pyromorphite formation and stability after quick lime neutralisation in the presence of soil and clay sorbents SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methods to decrease bioavailability; soil chemistry; solid-phase chemistry ID LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; CHLOROPYROMORPHITE; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION; PH; DISSOLUTION; SUSPENSIONS; PB AB Soluble Pb is immobilised in pure systems as pyromorphite by adding sources of P, but doubts remain about the effectiveness of this approach in natural soil systems, particularly given the ability of soil humic substances to interfere with Pb-mineral formation. In addition, recent thermodynamic modelling predicts that pyromorphite formed by the addition of phosphoric acid to Pb-contaminated soils, followed by neutralisation with quick lime (Ca(OH)(2)) will destabilise the mineral, reverting the Pb back to more soluble species such as cerussite or anglesite. In this paper, we describe experiments to form pyromorphite in the presence of two different sorbents: a reference smectite called Panther Creek Bentonite, and a commercially available, organically rich potting mixture. We present X-ray diffraction (XRD) evidence suggestive of pyromorphite formation, yet, like similar studies, the evidence is less than conclusive. Linear combination fits of Pb X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) data collected at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory show that pyromorphite is the major Pb species formed after the addition of phosphoric acid. Furthermore, XAFS data shows that neutralising with quick lime enhances (as opposed to reducing) pyromorphite content in these systems. These results call into question relying solely on XRD data to confirm or deny the existence of minerals like pyromorphite, whose complex morphology give less intense and more complicated diffraction patterns than some of the simpler Pb minerals. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Chappell, MA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM mark.a.chappell@erdc.usace.army.mil RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1071/EN06081 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157LV UT WOS:000245722100006 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Nriagu, JO AF Lee, Janice S. Nriagu, Jerome O. TI Stability constants for metal arsenates SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM ARSENATES; BARIUM ARSENATE; SOLUBILITY; SCORODITE; FEASO4.2H2O; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS; MINERALS AB The formation of solid metal arsenates could conceivably reduce the concentrations of arsenate and metal ions in natural and contaminated aqueous ecosystems, and possibly in human body fluids. In this study, solid metal arsenates were dissolved isothermally in solutions with different molar concentrations of arsenic acid. The saturated solutions were analysed and the results processed to derive the solubility products (K-sp) for solid phases and association constants (K) for metal arsenate ion-pairs. Ion chromatography was used to confirm the presence of ion-pairs, some of which had never before been considered. Association constants were determined for the following ion-pairs: FeHAsO4+ (log K = 4.88), CoHAsO40 (log K = 1.50), ZnHAsO40 (log K = 3.28), SrH2AsO4+ (log K = 1.72), and Ag2H2AsO4+ (log K = 4.50). The following metal ions apparently do not form stable complexes with HAsO42- : Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Sn2+. Standard state solubility products (K-sp(circle)) were redetermined for the following compounds: Ag3AsO4, Cd-3(AsO4)(2), Co-3(AsO4)(2), CrAsO4, Cu-3(AsO4)(2), FeAsO4, Mg-3(AsO4)(2), MnHAsO4, NiHAsO4, PbHAsO4, Sn-3(AsO4)(2), Sr-3(AsO4)(2), Zn-3(AsO4)(2) center dot Zn-3(AsO4)(2) center dot 8H(2)O (koettigite), Cu2Al7(AsO4)(4)(OH)(13) center dot 12H(2)O (ceruleite), and Pb2CuAsO4CrO4OH (fornacite). Our results show the formation of ion-pairs for some metal arsenates and indicate that previous studies have overestimated the solubilities of many arsenates. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Lee.JaniceS@epa.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 25 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1071/EN06070 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157LV UT WOS:000245722100008 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Chiu, WSA Caldwell, JC AF Keshava, Nagalakshmi Chiu, Weihsueh A. Caldwell, Jane C. TI PPAR alpha and TCE: Keshava et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; MOUSE-LIVER; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; WY-14,643; RELEVANCE; ISSUES C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Keshava, N (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM keshava.nagu@epa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP A15 EP A16 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 123ME UT WOS:000243299200004 ER PT J AU Sather, ME Slonecker, ET Mathew, J Daughtrey, H Williams, DD AF Sather, Mark E. Slonecker, E. Terrence Mathew, Johnson Daughtrey, Hunter Williams, Dennis D. TI Evaluation of Ogawa Passive Sampling Devices as an alternative measurement method for the Nitrogen Dioxide annual standard in El Paso, Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen Dioxide; passive sampling; Ogawa; annual standard; El Paso; Texas ID DIFFUSION TUBE SAMPLERS; COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT; MODELING OPPORTUNITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; AIR-POLLUTANTS; OZONE NETWORK; AMBIENT AIR; NO2; URBAN; SO2 AB Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)is a common urban air pollutant that results from the combustion of fossil fuels. It causes serious human health effects, is a precursor to the formation of ground level ozone, another serious air pollutant, and is one of the six criteria air pollutants established by the United States (U.S.) Clean Air Act (CAA). Ogawa Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for NO2 were collocated and operated at six NO(2)Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitor locations in the El Paso, Texas area for the 2004 calendar year. Passive samples were taken at 2-week, 3-week, and 4-week intervals and compared against the continuously operating FRM monitors. Results showed that the collective NO2 annual arithmetic mean for all passive monitors was identical to the NO2 ean for all FRM monitors. Of the individual locations, three passive annual NO(2)means were identical to their corresponding FRM means, and three passive annual NO2 means differed from their corresponding FRM means by only one part per billion (ppb). Linear correlation analysis between all readings of the individual NOD PSDS and FRM values showed an average absolute difference of 1.2 ppb with an r(2) of 0.95. Paired comparison between high and low concentration annual NO2 sites, seasonal considerations, and interlab duality control comparisons all showed excellent results. The case of deployment, reliability, and the cost-savings that can be realized with NO2 PSDs could make them an attractive alternative to FRM monitors for screening purposes, and even possibly an equivalent method for annual NO, monitoring. More tests of the Ogawa NO2 PSD are recommended for different ecosystem and climate regimes. C1 US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ORD, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US EPA, Houston Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sather, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Reg 6,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. EM sather.mark@epa.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9219-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135UM UT WOS:000244179400015 PM 17016754 ER PT J AU Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Morgan, MK Lordo, RA Sheldon, LS AF Wilson, Nancy K. Chuang, Jane C. Morgan, Marsha K. Lordo, Robert A. Sheldon, Linda S. TI An observational study of the potential exposures of preschool children to pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A, and nonylphenol at home and daycare SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human exposure; preschool children; bisphenol-A; pentachlorophenol; nonylphenol ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; DERMAL ABSORPTION; SOIL INGESTION; SKIN; POPULATION; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; PENETRATION; DISPOSITION AB The Children's Total Exposure to Persistent Pesticides and Other Persistent Organic Pollutants (CTEPP) study investigated the potential exposures of 257 preschool children, ages 11-5 yr, and their primary adult caregivers to more than 50 anthropogenic 2 chemicals. Field sampling took place in selected counties in North Carolina (NC) and Ohio (OH) in 2000-2001. Over a 48-h period in each child's daycare center and/or home, food, beverages, indoor air, outdoor air, house dust, soil, participants' hand surfaces and urine were sampled. Additional samples-transferable residues, food preparation surface wipes, and hard floor surface wipes-were collected in the approximately 13% of the homes that had pesticide applications within the 7 days prior to field sampling. Three phenols were among the measured chemicals: pentachlorophenol (PCP), bisphenol-A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane], and nonylphenol (4-n-nonylphenol). Nonylphenol (NP) was detected in less than 11% of the samples in any medium. Among samples that were collected at all participants' homes and daycare centers, PCP was detected in > 50% of indoor air, outdoor air, house dust, and urine samples: bisphenol-A (BPA) was detected in > 50% of indoor air, hand wipe, solid food, and liquid food samples. The concentrations of the phenols in the sampled media were measured, and the children's potential exposures and potential absorbed doses resulting from intake through the inhalation, dietary ingestion, and indirect ingestion routes of exposure were estimated. The children's potential exposures to PCP were predominantly through inhalation: 78% in NC and 90% in OH. In contrast, their potential exposures to BPA were predominantly through dietary ingestion: 99%, for children in both states. The children's estimated exposures to PCP, calculated from the amounts excreted in their urine, exceeded their estimated maximum potential intake, calculated from the multimedia PCP concentrations, by a factor greater than 10. This inconsistency for PCP highlights the need for further research on the environmental pathways and routes of PCP exposure, investigation of possible exposures to other compounds that could be metabolized to PCP, and on the human absorption, metabolism, and excretion of this phenol over time periods longer than 48 h. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wilson, NK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 100 Capitola Dr,Suite 301, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM wilsonk@battelle.org NR 59 TC 167 Z9 173 U1 5 U2 61 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.04.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 128YX UT WOS:000243696700002 PM 16750524 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Birnbaum, L Ryan, JJ Constable, JD AF Schecter, Arnold Birnbaum, Linda Ryan, John J. Constable, John D. TI Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID TCDD; POLYMORPHISMS; EXPOSURE; RECEPTOR; DIOXINS; ENZYMES; SEVESO C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.005 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 128YX UT WOS:000243696700019 ER PT J AU Peterson, SA Van Sickle, J Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM AF Peterson, Spencer A. Van Sickle, John Herlihy, Alan T. Hughes, Robert M. TI Mercury concentration in fish from streams and rivers throughout the western united states SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; LAKES; TISSUE; USA; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION; DEPOSITION; OREGON; WATER; FOOD AB We collected and analyzed 2,707 large fish from 626 stream/river sites in 12 western U.S. states using a probability design to assess the regional distribution of whole fish mercury (Hg) concentrations. Large (> 120 mm total length) fish Hg levels were strongly related to both fish length and trophic guild. All large fish that we sampled exceeded the wet weight detection limit of 0.0024 mu g center dot g(-1), and the mean Hg concentration in piscivores (0.260 mu g center dot g(-1)) was nearly three times that of nonpiscivores (0.090 mu g center dot g(-1)). Fish tissue Hg levels were not related to local site disturbance class. After partialing out the effects of fish length, correlations between Hg and environmental variables were low (r < 0.3) for the most common genera (trout and suckers). Stronger partial correlations with Hg (r > 0.5) were observed in other genera for pH, stream size, and human population density but patterns were not consistent across genera. Salmonids, the most common family, were observed in an estimated 125,000 km of stream length, exceeded 0.1 mu g Hg center dot g(-1) (deemed protective for fish-eating mammals) in 11% of the assessed stream length, and exceeded the filet equivalent of 0.3 mu g Hg center dot g(-1) (USEPA tissue-based water quality criterion) in 2.3% of that length. Piscivores were less widespread (31,400 km), but they exceeded the 0.1 and 0.3 mu g Hg center dot g(-1) criteria in 93% and 57% of their assessed stream length, respectively. Our findings suggest that atmospheric transport is a key factor relative to Hg in fish across the western United States. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM peterson.spencer@epa.gov NR 42 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1021/es061070u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600014 PM 17265927 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Larkin, P Knoebl, I Miracle, AL Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Durhan, EJ Carter, BJ Denslow, ND Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Larkin, Patrick Knoebl, Iris Miracle, Ann L. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Carter, Barbara J. Denslow, Nancy D. Ankley, Gerald T. TI A graphical systems model to facilitate hypothesis-driven ecotoxicogenomics research on the teleost brain-pituitary-gonadal axis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AROMATASE INHIBITOR FADROZOLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; TOXICOGENOMICS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; PROTEIN; FISH; TRANSCRIPTOME; CONTAMINANTS AB Graphical systems models are powerful tools that can help facilitate hypothesis-driven ecotoxicogenomic research and aid in mechanistic interpretation of results. This paper describes a novel graphical model of the teleost brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis designed for ecotoxicogenomics research on endocrine-disrupting chemicals using small fish models. The model incorporates six compartments representing the major organs involved in the fish reproductive axis and depicts the interactions of over 105 proteins and 40 simple molecules, transcriptional regulation of 25 genes, and over 300 different reactions/processes. Application of the model is illustrated in the context of a study examining effects of the competitive aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on gene expression in gonad, brain, and liver tissue of fathead minnows. Changes in mRNA transcript abundance were measured using a fathead minnow oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression changes observed in the ovaries of females exposed to 6.3 mu g fadrozole/L for 7 d were functionally consistent with fadrozole's mechanism of action, and expected compensatory responses of the BPG axis to fadrozole's effects. Furthermore, microarray results helped identify additional elements (genes/proteins) that could be included in the model to potentially increase its predictive capacity. With proper recognition of their utility and limitations, graphical models can serve as important tools for linking molecular and biochemical changes to whole organism outcomes. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EcoArray, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov NR 48 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1021/es061739x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600053 PM 17265966 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Perron, MM Cantwell, MG Ho, KT Pelletier, MC Serbst, JR Ryba, SA AF Burgess, Robert M. Perron, Monique M. Cantwell, Mark G. Ho, Kay T. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Serbst, Jonathan R. Ryba, Stephan A. TI Marine sediment toxicity identification evaluation methods for the anionic metals arsenic and chromium SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anion-exchange resins; sediment toxicity; toxicity identification evaluation; arsenic; chromium ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ULVA-LACTUCA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; AMMONIA TOXICITY; REMOVAL; TOXICANTS; AMPHIPOD; IDENTIFY; ZEOLITE AB Marine sediments accumulate a variety of contaminants and, in some cases, demonstrate toxicity because of this contamination. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods provide tools for identifying the toxic chemicals causing sediment toxicity. Currently, whole-sediment TIE methods are not available for anionic metals like arsenic and chromium. In the present paper, we describe two new anion-exchange resins used in the development of whole-sediruent TIE methods for arsenic and chromium. Resins were shown to reduce whole-sedinient toxicity and overlying water concentrations of the anionic metals. Sediment toxicity, expressed as the median lethal concentration, was reduced by a factor of two to a factor of nearly six between amended sediment treatments containing resin and those without resin. Aqueous concentrations of arsenic and chromium in the toxicity exposures decreased to less than the detection limits or to concentrations much lower than those measured in treatments without resin. Interference studies indicated that the anion-exchange resins had no significant effect on concentrations of the representative pesticide endosulfan and minimal effects on concentrations of ammonia. However, the anion-exchange resins did significantly reduce the concentrations of a selection of cationic metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). These data demonstrate the utility of anion-exchange resins for determining the contribution of arsenic and chromium to whole-sediment toxicity. The present results also indicate the importance of using TIE methods in a formal TIE structure to ensure that results are not misinterpreted. These methods should be useful in the performance of marine whole-sediment TIEs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1897/06-014R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 123KC UT WOS:000243293800007 PM 17269460 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Wade, TJ Schiff, KC Wright, CC Griffith, JF Sandhu, SK Burns, S Sobsey, M Lovelace, G Weisberg, SB AF Colford, John M., Jr. Wade, Timothy J. Schiff, Kenneth C. Wright, Catherine C. Griffith, John F. Sandhu, Sukhminder K. Burns, Susan Sobsey, Mark Lovelace, Greg Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Water quality indicators and the risk of illness at beaches with nonpoint sources of fecal contamination SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SANTA-MONICA BAY; COASTAL WATERS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; RECREATIONAL WATER; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; OCEAN WATER; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUSES; POLLUTION AB Background: Indicator bacteria are a good predictor of illness at marine beaches that have point sources of pollution with human fecal content. Few studies have addressed the utility of indicator bacteria where nonpoint sources are the dominant fecal input. Extrapolating current water-quality thresholds to such locations is uncertain. Methods: In a cohort of 8797 beachgoers at Mission Bay, California, we measured baseline health at the time of exposure and 2 weeks later. Water samples were analyzed for bacterial indicators (enterococcus, fecal coliforms, total coliforms) using both traditional and nontraditional methods, ie, chromogenic substrate or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A novel bacterial indicator (Bacteroides) and viruses (coliphage, adenovirus, norovirus) also were measured. Associations of 14 health outcomes with both water exposure and water quality indicators were assessed. Results: Diarrhea and skin rash incidence were the only symptoms that were increased in swimmers compared with nonswimmers. The incidence of illness was not associated with any of the indicators that traditionally are used to monitor beaches. Among nontraditional water quality indicators, associations with illness were observed only for male-specific coliphage, although a low number of participants were exposed to water at times when coliphage was detected. Conclusions: Traditional fecal indicators currently used to monitor these beaches were not associated with health risks. These results suggest a need for alternative indicators of water quality where nonpoint sources are dominant fecal contributors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Survey Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 140 Warren Hall MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcolford@berkeley.edu RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Griffith, John/B-6110-2011 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519 NR 37 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 7 U2 58 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000249425.32990.b9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 116XI UT WOS:000242836700008 PM 17149140 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ Li, JX Waters, SB Xing, WB Adair, BM Drobna, Z Devesa, V Styblo, M AF Thomas, David J. Li, Jiaxin Waters, Stephen B. Xing, Weibing Adair, Blakely M. Drobna, Zuzana Devesa, Vicenta Styblo, Miroslav TI Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and the methylation of arsenicals SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE arsenic; methylation; arsenic (+3 oxidation state); methyltransferase ID RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; OXIDATION-STATE METHYLTRANSFERASE; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE; METABOLISM; TRIMETHYLARSINE; SPECIATION; TOXICITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; THIOREDOXIN AB Metabolic conversion of inorganic arsenic into methylated products is a multistep process that yields mono-, di-, and trimethylated arsenicals. In recent years, it has become apparent that formation of methylated metabolites of inorganic arsenic is not necessarily a detoxification process. Intermediates and products formed in this pathway may be more reactive and toxic than inorganic arsenic. Like all metabolic pathways, understanding the pathway for arsenic methylation involves identification of each individual step in the process and the characterization of the molecules which participate in each step. Among several arsenic methyltransferases that have been identified, arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase is the one best characterized at the genetic and functional levels. This review focuses on phylogenetic relationships in the deuterostomal lineage for this enzyme and on the relation between genotype for arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and phenotype for conversion of inorganic arsenic to methylated metabolites. Two conceptual models for function of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase which posit different roles for cellular reductants in the conversion of inorganic arsenic to methylated metabolites are compared. Although each model accurately represents some aspects of enzyme's role in the pathway for arsenic methylation, neither model is a fully satisfactory representation of all the steps in this metabolic pathway. Additional information on the structure and function of the enzyme will be needed to develop a more comprehensive model for this pathway. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010845-05, R01 ES010845] NR 52 TC 169 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 232 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 123MP UT WOS:000243300300002 PM 17202581 ER PT J AU Kamel, A Al-Dosary, S Ibrahim, S Ahmed, MA AF Kamel, Alaa Al-Dosary, Saleh Ibrahim, Samy Ahmed, Mohammed Asif TI Degradation of the acaricides abamectin, flufenoxuron and amitraz on Saudi Arabian dates SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dates; Phoenix dactylefera var. Nabout seif; abamectin; flufenoxuron; amitraz; Oligonychus afrasiaticus; pesticide residues; residue decline study ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; RESIDUES; IVERMECTIN; FRUITS AB Degradation of the acaricides abamectin, flufenoxuron and amitraz on date palms, Phoenix dactylefera var. Nabout Seif grown in Saudi Arabia was studied during the post-harvest interval (PHI) under the local weather and soil conditions. The initial deposit of abamectin residues on dates was 0.09 mg/kg, which declined to 0.03 (66%) and 0.02 mg/kg (88%) after 7 and 14 days of spraying, respectively (PHI = 10 days, MRL = 0.03 mg/kg). The initial deposit of flufenoxuron was 0.68 mg/kg and declined to 0.25 (68%), 0.07 (90%) and 0.03 mg/kg (96%) after 16, 52 and 60 days, respectively (PHI = 50 days, MRL = 0.1 mg/kg). Finally, the initial deposit of amitraz was 0.34 mg/kg which declined to 0.02 mg/kg (95%) and was not detected (100%) after 21 and 30 days, respectively (PHI = 28 days, MRL = 0.01 mg/kg). The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for fruits and vegetables set by FAO/WHO for the three acaricides tested was based on regular and average consumption of fruit, however, in Saudi Arabia, and other neighboring countries, natives consume more date (more than 10 times) than an average person living outside this region. Such high date consumption could lead to a higher risk of exposure to pesticides, especially in children and other vulnerable individuals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticides Program, Analyt Chem Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Protect, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Kamel, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticides Program, Analyt Chem Lab, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM kamel.alaa@epa.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1590 EP 1593 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.002 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 091BI UT WOS:000241000300043 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Guyton, KZ Sonawane, B DeVoney, D AF Gwinn, Maureen R. Guyton, Kate Z. Sonawane, Bob DeVoney, Danielle TI Potential mechanisms in asbestos-induced carcinogenicity: The role of reactive oxygen species in adverse health effects SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 14-18, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 [Gwinn, Maureen R.; Guyton, Kate Z.; Sonawane, Bob; DeVoney, Danielle] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 BP S120 EP S120 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 229WC UT WOS:000250835900323 ER PT J AU Luciani, MG Campregher, C Fortune, JM Kunkel, TA Gasche, C AF Luciani, M. Gloria Campregher, Christoph Fortune, John M. Kunkel, Thomas A. Gasche, Christoph TI 5-ASA affects cell cycle progression in colorectal cells by reversibly activating a replication checkpoint SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLON-CANCER CELLS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; S-PHASE CHECKPOINT; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; DNA-REPLICATION; 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID; MITOTIC CATASTROPHE; GROWTH-INHIBITION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; P53 MUTATION AB Background & Aims: individuals with inflammatory bowel disease are at risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. Methods: CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds such as HT29, HCT116, HCT116(p53-/-), HCT116+chr3, and LoVo were treated with 5-ASA for 2-96 hours. Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. Results: We found that 5-ASA at concentrations between 10 and 40 mmol/L affects cell cycle progression by inducing cells to accumulate in the S phase. This effect was independent of the hMLH1, hMSH2, and p53 status because it was observed to a similar extent in all cell lines under investigation. Moreover, wash-out experiments demonstrated reversibility within 48 hours. Although p53 did not have a causative role, p53 Ser15 was strongly phosphorylated. Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. -Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that S-ASA causes cells to reversibly accumulate in S phase and activate an ATR-dependent checkpoint. The activation of replication checkpoint may slow down DNA replication and improve DNA replication fidelity, which increases the maintenance C1 MUW Wien, Dept Internal Med 4, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gasche, C (reprint author), MUW Wien, Dept Internal Med 4, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, KIM4,Wahringer Gurtel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM christoph.gasche@meduniwien.ac.at RI Gasche, Christoph/A-5139-2013 FU Austrian Science Fund FWF [P 18270]; Intramural NIH HHS NR 65 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 132 IS 1 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.016 PG 15 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 131BR UT WOS:000243843500027 PM 17241873 ER PT J AU Aihara, Y Yasuoka, A Yoshida, Y Ohmoto, M Shimizu-Ibuka, A Misaka, T Furutani-Seiki, M Matsumoto, I Abe, K AF Aihara, Yoshiko Yasuoka, Akihito Yoshida, Yuki Ohmoto, Makoto Shimizu-Ibuka, Akiko Misaka, Takumi Furutani-Seiki, Makoto Matsumoto, Ichiro Abe, Keiko TI Transgenic labeling of taste receptor cells in model fish under the control of the 5 '-upstream region of medaka phospholipase C-beta 2 gene SO GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS LA English DT Article DE in vivo labeling; taste bud; taste receptor cell; medaka; zebrafish; phospholipase C-beta 2; transgene; promoter ID ORYZIAS-LATIPES; BITTER TASTE; NEURAL CREST; BUD CELLS; EXPRESSION; ZEBRAFISH; NEUROGENESIS; PLC-BETA-2; EPITHELIUM; HINDBRAIN AB Vertebrate taste receptor cells express signaling molecules such as taste receptors and effectors to convert taste stimuli to inner cellular signals. Phospholipase C-beta 2 (PLC-beta 2) is an effector enzyme that is necessary to transduce taste signals in the mouse. It was shown that a subset of the plc-beta 2 expressing cells also express taste receptor molecules, T1Rs or T2Rs, in mammals and fish. To label plc-beta 2 expressing cells in the model fish species, we constructed a transgene by linking the 5'-upstream region of the medaka plc-beta 2 gene to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The resulting transgenic medaka exhibited GFP signals in taste buds of the lips and the pharyngeal region. Detailed observation revealed that the GFP signals were in a subpopulation of taste bud cells, and co-localized with the transcript of endogenous plc-beta 2 gene. Zebrafish introduced with the same transgene showed GFP signals in a subpopulation of taste bud cells of the lips and the pharyngeal region as in the case of medaka. This is the first report of successful labeling of taste receptor cells in two model fish species under the control of the plc-beta 2 promoter. This promoter will be a useful genetic tool to study the vertebrate taste system in general. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Dept Nutr Sci, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Kondoh Res Team, Solut Oriented Res Sci & Technol Program, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068305, Japan. RP Abe, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM aka7308@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI SHIMIZU-IBUKA, Akiko/0000-0002-5310-9216 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-133X J9 GENE EXPR PATTERNS JI Gene Expr. Patterns PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.06.004 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 115MT UT WOS:000242739100020 PM 16920036 ER PT J AU Rampersaud, E Morris, RW Weinberg, CR Speer, MC Martin, ER AF Rampersaud, E. Morris, R. W. Weinberg, C. R. Speer, M. C. Martin, E. R. TI Power calculations for likelihood ratio tests for offspring genotype risks, maternal effects, and parent-of-origin (POO) effects in the presence of missing parental genotypes when unaffected siblings are available SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE family-based association; candidate gene tests; imprinting; parent-of-origin; maternal effects ID FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; REELIN GENE ALLELES; LOG-LINEAR APPROACH; RELATIVE-RISKS; TRIAD DATA; LINKAGE; AUTISM; TRANSMISSION; DISORDERS AB Genotype-based likelihood-ratio tests (LRT) of association that examine maternal and parent-of-origin effects have been previously developed in the framework of log-linear and conditional logistic regression models. In the situation where parental genotypes are missing, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been incorporated in the log-linear approach to allow incomplete triads to contribute to the LRT. We present an extension to this model which we call the Combined_LRT that incorporates additional information from the genotypes of unaffected siblings to improve assignment of incompletely typed families to mating type categories, thereby improving inference of missing parental data. Using simulations involving a realistic array of family structures, we demonstrate the validity of the Combined LRT under the null hypothesis of no association and provide power comparisons under varying levels of missing data and using sibling genotype data. We demonstrate the improved power of the Combined LRT compared with the family-based association test (FBAT), another widely used association test. Lastly, we apply the Combined_LRT to a candidate gene analysis in Autism families, some of which have missing parental genotypes. We conclude that the proposed log-linear model will be an important tool for future candidate gene studies, for many complex diseases where unaffected siblings can often be ascertained and where epigenetic factors such as imprinting may play a role in disease etiology. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Martin, ER (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, 5959 LaSalle St,3445, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM Eden.Martin@duke.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES040007-11]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES011961, U19 ES011375, ES11375, ES11961]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS36768, F31 NS046249, R01 NS039818, NS046249, NS26630, NS39818, P01 NS026630, R01 NS036768] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1002/gepi.20189 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 116XX UT WOS:000242838200003 PM 17096358 ER PT J AU Cui, YX McBride, SJ Boyd, WA Alper, S Freedman, JH AF Cui, Yuxia McBride, Sandra J. Boyd, Windy A. Alper, Scott Freedman, Jonathan H. TI Toxicogenomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans reveals novel genes and pathways involved in the resistance to cadmium toxicity SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC ANALYSIS; WIDE EXPRESSION PATTERNS; DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; C-ELEGANS; HEAVY-METAL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE; METALLOTHIONEIN GENES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; RNA INTERFERENCE AB Background: Exposure to cadmium is associated with a variety of human diseases. At low concentrations, cadmium activates the transcription of stress-responsive genes, which can prevent or repair the adverse effects caused by this metal. Results: Using Caenorhabditis elegans, 290 genes were identified that are differentially expressed (> 1.5- fold) following a 4 or 24 hour exposure to cadmium. Several of these genes are known to be involved in metal detoxification, including mtl-1, mtl-2, cdr-1 and ttm-1, confirming the efficacy of the study. The majority, however, were not previously associated with metal-responsiveness and are novel. Gene Ontology analysis mapped these genes to cellular/ion trafficking, metabolic enzymes and proteolysis categories. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of 50 cadmium-responsive genes resulted in an increased sensitivity to cadmium toxicity, demonstrating that these genes are involved in the resistance to cadmium toxicity. Several functional protein interacting networks were identified by interactome analysis. Within one network, the signaling protein KEL-8 was identified. Kel-8 protects C. elegans from cadmium toxicity in a mek-1 (MAPKK)-dependent manner. Conclusion: Because many C. elegans genes and signal transduction pathways are evolutionarily conserved, these results may contribute to the understanding of the functional roles of various genes in cadmium toxicity in higher organisms. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NHLBI, Lab Environm Lung Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Freedman, JH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM freedma1@niehs.nih.gov OI Boyd, Windy/0000-0003-3803-3716 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES009949, U19 ES011375, U19ES011375, R01ES009949] NR 65 TC 81 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 AR R122 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r122 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 196NB UT WOS:000248488200030 PM 17592649 ER PT J AU Toscano, CD Prabhu, VV Langenbach, R Becker, KG Bosetti, F AF Toscano, Christopher D. Prabhu, Vinaykumar V. Langenbach, Robert Becker, Kevin G. Bosetti, Francesca TI Differential gene expression patterns in cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 deficient mouse brain SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAPPA-B PATHWAY; DOWN-REGULATION; METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT-BRAIN; LOCALIZATION; SUBUNIT AB Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 produce prostanoids from arachidonic acid and are thought to have important yet distinct roles in normal brain function. Deletion of COX-1 or COX-2 results in profound differences both in brain levels of prostaglandin E2 and in activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B, suggesting that COX-1 and COX-2 play distinct roles in brain arachidonic acid metabolism and regulation of gene expression. To further elucidate the role of COX isoforms in the regulation of the brain transcriptome, microarray analysis of gene expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice deficient in COX-1 (COX-1(-/-)) or COX-2 (COX-2(-/-)) was performed. Results: A majority (> 93%) of the differentially expressed genes in both the cortex and hippocampus were altered in one COX isoform knockout mouse but not the other. The major gene function affected in all genotype comparisons was 'transcriptional regulation'. Distinct biologic and metabolic pathways that were altered in COX-/- mice included beta oxidation, methionine metabolism, janus kinase signaling, and GABAergic neurotransmission. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 differentially modulate brain gene expression. Because certain anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments are based on inhibition of COX activity, the specific alterations observed in this study further our understanding of the relationship of COX-1 and COX-2 with signaling pathways in brain and of the therapeutic and toxicologic consequences of COX inhibition. C1 NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIA, Gene Express & Genom Unit, NIH, Ctr Gerontol Res, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bosetti, F (reprint author), NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bldg 9,Rm 1S126,9 Mem Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM frances@mail.nih.gov OI Becker, Kevin/0000-0002-6794-6656 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 AR R14 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-1-r14 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 144UF UT WOS:000244821100010 PM 17266762 ER PT J AU Eighmy, TT Spear, JCM Case, J Mills, M Newman, K Kinner, NE Marbet, H Casas, J Bothner, W Coulburn, J Tisa, LS Majko, M Sullivan, ER Gonsoulin, ME AF Eighmy, T. Taylor Spear, Jean C. M. Case, Julia Mills, Michelle Newman, Kimberly Kinner, Nancy E. Marbet, Hallie Casas, Jose Bothner, Wallace Coulburn, Joanne Tisa, Louis S. Majko, Michelle Sullivan, Elise R. Gonsoulin, Mary E. TI Microfracture surface geochemistry and adherent microbial population metabolism in TCE-contaminated competent bedrock SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microfracture; biogeochemical cycling; adherent microbes; TCE; biodegradation ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRACTURED DOLOMITE AQUIFER; IN-SITU; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MULTIPLET STRUCTURE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; OXIDIZED PYRITE; BASALT AQUIFER; VACANCY LEVELS C1 Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Microbiol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Eighmy, TT (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Environm Res Grp, 216 Gregg Hall,35 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM taylor.eighmy@unh.edu OI Eighmy, T. Taylor/0000-0002-3133-296X NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 330 DI 10.1080/01490450701456610 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HZ UT WOS:000248266400016 ER PT J AU Greaver, TL Sternberg, LSL AF Greaver, Tara L. Sternberg, Leonel S. L. TI Fluctuating deposition of ocean water drives plant function on coastal sand dunes SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE coastal ecology; eco-physiology; island ecology; ocean water; oxygen isotopes; plant distribution; sea-level rise; water sources ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT SPRAY; VEGETATION; ZONATION; FLORIDA; COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION; FOREDUNES; SALINITY; BURIAL AB Sea-level rise will alter the hydrology of terrestrial coastal ecosystems. As such, it becomes increasingly important to decipher the present role of ocean water in coastal ecosystems in order to assess the coming effects of sea-level rise scenarios. Sand dunes occur at the interface of land and sea. Traditionally, they are conceived as freshwater environments with rain and ground water as the only water sources available to vegetation. This study investigates the possibility of ocean water influx to dune soils and its effect on the physiology of sand dune vegetation. Stable isotopes are used to trace the path of ocean water from the soil to the vegetation. Soil salinity, water content and delta O-18 values are measured concurrently with stem water and leaf tissue of eight species during the wet and dry season and from areas proximal and distal to the ocean. Our results indicate the dune ecosystem is a mixed freshwater and marine water system characterized by oceanic influence on dune hydrology that is spatially heterogeneous and fluctuates temporally. Ocean water influx to soil occurs via salt spray in areas 5-12 m from the ocean during dry season. Accordingly, vegetation nearest to the sea demonstrate a plastic response to ocean water deposition including elevated integrated water use efficiency (delta C-13(leaf)) and uptake of ocean water that comprised up to 52% of xylem water. We suggest physiological plasticity in response to periodic ocean water influx may be a functional characteristic common to species on the leading edge of diverse coastal habitats and an important feature that should be included in modeling coastal ecosystems. Rising sea level would likely cause a repercussive landward shift of dune species in response to encroaching maritime influences. However, human development would restrict this process, potentially causing the demise of dune systems and the protection from land erosion they provide. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Greaver, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM greaver.tara@epa.gov RI Brandt, Austin/F-9256-2011 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01287.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124WX UT WOS:000243403900017 ER PT B AU Esty, DC AF Esty, Daniel C. BE Bradford, CI Linn, JF TI Global Environmental Governance SO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM: BREAKING THE STALEMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Esty, Daniel C.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Esty, Daniel C.] Yale Univ, Sch Law, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Esty, Daniel C.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Esty, DC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1363-0 PY 2007 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BZW55 UT WOS:000303161300010 ER PT J AU Varma, RS AF Varma, Rajender S. TI "Greener'' chemical syntheses using mechanochemical mixing or microwave and ultrasound irradiation SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LETTERS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE microwave irradiation; mechanochemical mixing; ultrasound irradiation; Green chemical synthesis; ionic liquids; heterocycles; nano-materials; solid-supported reactions; aqueous media ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOCOMPOSITES; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS; BETA-KETO SULFONES; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS AB Various emerging ``greener'' strategic pathways, researched primarily in the author's own laboratory, are summarized. They include solvent-free mechanochemical methods that involve the use of hypervalent iodine reagents at room temperature for the synthesis of heterocyclic entities, and useful conversion of ketones into beta-keto sulfones and their alpha-tosyloxy derivatives in high yields. A solvent-free approach that involves microwave (MW) exposure of neat reactants (undiluted) catalyzed by the surfaces of less-expensive and recyclable mineral supports, such as alumina, silica, clay, or ``doped'' surfaces, is described; it is applicable to a wide range of cleavage, condensation, cyclization, rearrangement, oxidation, and reduction reactions, including rapid one-pot assembly of heterocyclic compounds from in situ generated reactive intermediates. The strategy is adaptable to multi-component reactions, e.g. Ugi and Biginelli reactions, for rapid assembly of a library of compounds. Synthesis of a wide variety of significant precursors and intermediates, namely enones, imines, enamines, nitroalkenes, and oxidized sulfur species, is possible and their value in concise MW synthesis of 2-aroylbenzofurans and thiazole derivatives is illustrated. Ultrasound-and MW-assisted solventless preparation of ionic liquids and their application in alkylation and metal-catalyzed multi-component reactions are described. With a view to consume greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), efficient reaction of epoxides with CO2 provides ready access to cyclic carbonates using only a catalytic amount of recyclable indium-based ionic liquid. MW heating in aqueous reaction media enables expeditious N-alkylation reactions of amines and hydrazines to afford a series of heterocyclic ring systems, such as N-azacycloalkanes, 4,5-dihydropyrazoles, and pyrazolidines. A general and expeditious MW-enhanced nucleophilic substitution approach uses easily accessible starting materials such as halides or tosylates in reaction with alkali azides, thiocyanates, or sulfinates in the absence of any phase transfer catalyst to produce azides, thiocyanates, and sulfones, respectively, wherein a variety of reactive functional groups are tolerated. A three-component condensation (MCC) approach for the synthesis of useful 2-amino-2-chromenes is described using a recyclable nanosized magnesium oxide catalyst in aqueous poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) medium at room temperature. A general greener approach to shape-selective generation of nanomaterials is summarized including their potential application as nanocomposites. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 79 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 74 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1751-8253 J9 GREEN CHEM LETT REV JI Green Chem. Lett. Rev. PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1080/17518250701756991 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V18HJ UT WOS:000207995600008 ER PT J AU Rodgers-Jenkins, C AF Rodgers-Jenkins, Crystal BE Quevauviller, P TI US Drinking Water Regulation: The Ground Water Rule SO GROUNDWATER SCIENCE AND POLICY: AN INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rodgers-Jenkins, C (reprint author), US EPA, 1201 Constitut Ave NW,MC-4607M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Rodgers.Crystal@epamail.epa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-803-9 PY 2007 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1039/9781847558039-00107 D2 10.1039/9781847558039 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BKZ08 UT WOS:000269658300008 ER PT J AU Benedict, C Ghio, AJ Gehring, H Schultes, B Peters, A Oltmanns, KM AF Benedict, Christian Ghio, Andrew J. Gehring, Hartmut Schultes, Bernd Peters, Achim Oltmanns, Kerstin M. TI Transient hypoxia and downregulation of circulating prohepcidin concentrations in healthy young men SO HAEMATOLOGICA-THE HEMATOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE prohepcidin; hypoxia; iron ID IRON; HEPCIDIN; EXPRESSION; HUMANS; SERUM AB To determine the impact of acute hypoxia on pro-hepcidin concentrations in humans, we measured concentrations of this peptide in serum collected during and after a transient period (30 min) of hypoxia and during normoxia. Prohepcidin concentrations were significantly lower 150 min after the end of hypoxia than after normoxia (p=0.028). C1 Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Internal Med 1, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. US EPA, Dept Neuroendocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Spital Reg, Dept Anaesthesia, CH-9400 St Gallen, Switzerland. Spital Reg, Obset Ctr, CH-9400 St Gallen, Switzerland. RP Benedict, C (reprint author), Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Neuroendocrinol, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. EM benedict@kfg.uni-lue-beck.de NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FERRATA STORTI FOUNDATION PI PAVIA PA STRADA NUOVA 134, 27100 PAVIA, ITALY SN 0390-6078 J9 HAEMATOL-HEMATOL J JI Haematol-Hematol. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.3324/haematol.10637 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 129NN UT WOS:000243736300020 PM 17229646 ER PT J AU de la Chesnaye, FC Edmonds, J Kheshgi, HS Kolstad, C Reilly, JM Richels, R Schlesinger, ME Smith, J Wilson, T AF de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. Edmonds, Jae Kheshgi, Haroon S. Kolstad, Charles Reilly, John M. Richels, Richard Schlesinger, Michael E. Smith, Joel Wilson, Tom BE Schlesinger, ME Kheshgi, HS Smith, J DeLaChesnaye, FC Reilly, JM Wilson, T Kolstad, C TI Human-Induced Climate Change An Interdisciplinary Assessment Preface SO HUMAN-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [de la Chesnaye, Francisco C.] US EPA, Climate Econ Branch, Climate Change Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schlesinger, Michael E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kheshgi, Haroon S.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Smith, Joel] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Reilly, John M.] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reilly, John M.] MIT, Lab Energy & Environm, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kolstad, Charles] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Econ, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Edmonds, Jae] Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Climate Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP de la Chesnaye, FC (reprint author), US EPA, Climate Econ Branch, Climate Change Div, Off Atmospher Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86603-3 PY 2007 BP XVII EP XVIII D2 10.1017/CBO9780511619472 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BXS61 UT WOS:000296905500001 ER PT J AU Reilly, JM de la Chesnaye, FC AF Reilly, John M. de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. BE Schlesinger, ME Kheshgi, HS Smith, J DeLaChesnaye, FC Reilly, JM Wilson, T Kolstad, C TI Mitigation of greenhouse gases SO HUMAN-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Reilly, John M.] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [de la Chesnaye, Francisco C.] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Reilly, JM (reprint author), MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, E40-433,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86603-3 PY 2007 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511619472.018 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511619472 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BXS61 UT WOS:000296905500018 ER PT J AU Ramankutty, N Hertel, T Lee, HL Rose, SK AF Ramankutty, Navin Hertel, Tom Lee, Huey-Lin Rose, Steven K. BE Schlesinger, ME Kheshgi, HS Smith, J DeLaChesnaye, FC Reilly, JM Wilson, T Kolstad, C TI Global agricultural land-use data for integrated assessment modeling SO HUMAN-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; CROPLANDS; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON; COVER; WORLD; CO2 C1 [Ramankutty, Navin] Univ Wisconsin, SAGE Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Rose, Steven K.] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hertel, Tom; Lee, Huey-Lin] Purdue Univ, Ctr Global Trade Anal, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ramankutty, N (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, SAGE Nelson Inst Environm Studies, 1710 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. OI Ramankutty, Navin/0000-0002-3737-5717 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86603-3 PY 2007 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511619472.025 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511619472 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BXS61 UT WOS:000296905500025 ER PT J AU de la Chesnaye, FC Delhotal, C DeAngelo, B Ottinger-Schaefer, D Godwin, D AF de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. Delhotal, Casey DeAngelo, Benjamin Ottinger-Schaefer, Deborah Godwin, Dave BE Schlesinger, ME Kheshgi, HS Smith, J DeLaChesnaye, FC Reilly, JM Wilson, T Kolstad, C TI Past, present, and future of non-CO2 gas mitigation analysis SO HUMAN-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COSTS C1 [de la Chesnaye, Francisco C.; Delhotal, Casey; DeAngelo, Benjamin; Ottinger-Schaefer, Deborah] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Godwin, Dave] US EPA, Stratospher Protect Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP de la Chesnaye, FC (reprint author), US EPA, Climate Change Div, Off Atmospher Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86603-3 PY 2007 BP 266 EP 281 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511619472.026 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511619472 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BXS61 UT WOS:000296905500026 ER PT S AU Tunnessen, W Boyd, GA Weed, G AF Tunnessen, Walt Boyd, Gale A. Weed, George GP IEEE TI ENERGY STAR industrial focus for pulp and paper mills PPIC 2007 PANEL SO IEEE CONFERENCE RECORD OF 2007 ANNUAL PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SE Conference Record of Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Proc Ind Dept, Pulp & Paper Ind Comm DE energy management; energy performance benchmarking; energy efficiency; energy program development AB This panel will discuss the US Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR program current initiative with Pulp and Paper Companies. The presentation will provide background on how ENERGY STAR works with industrial sectors, development of a plant-level energy performance benchmarking tool, and creation of an energy guide that captures current best practices and energy efficient technology applications. C1 [Tunnessen, Walt] US EPA, Energy Star Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Boyd, Gale A.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Weed, George] GW Energy Solut, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Tunnessen, W (reprint author), US EPA, Energy Star Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Tunnessen.Walt@epamail.gov; Gab7@econ.duke.edu; gweed@rochester.rr.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-2172 BN 978-1-4244-1191-7 J9 IEEE PULP P PY 2007 BP 209 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGO28 UT WOS:000248938200025 ER PT J AU Gilmour, MI McGee, J Duvall, RM Dailey, L Daniels, M Boykin, E Cho, SH Doerfler, D Gordon, T Devlin, RB AF Gilmour, M. Ian McGee, John Duvall, Rachelle M. Dailey, Lisa Daniels, Mary Boykin, Elizabeth Cho, Seung-Hyun Doerfler, Donald Gordon, Terry Devlin, Robert B. TI Comparative toxicity of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter obtained from different cities in the United States SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Inhalation Symposium CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP German Soc Toxicol, Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA ID AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; FINE PARTICLES; COARSE PARTICLES; EUROPEAN CITIES; URBAN AIR; PULMONARY; RESPONSES; ASSOCIATION; INSTILLATION AB Hundreds of epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with dose-dependent increases in morbidity and mortality. While early reports focused on PM less than 10 mu m (PM10), numerous studies have since shown that the effects can occur with PM stratified into ultrafine (UF), fine (FI), and coarse (CO) size modes despite the fact that these materials differ significantly in both evolution and chemistry. Furthermore the chemical makeup of these different size fractions can vary tremendously depending on location, meteorology, and source profile. For this reason, high-volume three-stage particle impactors with the capacity to collect UF, FI, and CO particles were deployed to four different locations in the United States (Seattle, WA; Salt Lake City, UT; Sterling Forest and South Bronx, NY), and weekly samples were collected for 1 mo in each place. The particles were extracted, assayed for a standardized battery of chemical components, and instilled into mouse lungs (female BALB/c) at doses of 25 and 100 mu g. Eighteen hours later animals were euthanized and parameters of injury and inflammation were monitored in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma. Of the four locations, the South Bronx coarse fraction was the most potent sample in both pulmonary and systemic biomarkers, with a strong increase in lung inflammatory cells as well as elevated levels of creatine kinase in the plasma. These effects did not correlate with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or total zinc or sulfate content, but were associated with total iron. Receptor source modeling on the PM2.5 samples showed that the South Bronx sample was heavily influenced by emissions from coal fired power plants (31%) and mobile sources (22%). Further studies will assess how source profiles correlate with the observed effects for all locations and size fractions. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gilmour.ian@epa.gov NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 SU 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1080/08958370701490379 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 210CM UT WOS:000249434300003 PM 17886044 ER PT J AU Graff, DW Schmitt, MT Dailey, LA Duvall, RM Karoly, ED Devlin, RB AF Graff, Donald W. Schmitt, Michael T. Dailey, Lisa A. Duvall, Rachelle M. Karoly, Edward D. Devlin, Robert B. TI Assessing the role of particulate matter size and composition on gene expression in pulmonary cells SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Inhalation Symposium CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP German Soc Toxicol, Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FLY-ASH PARTICLES; DAILY MORTALITY; UTAH VALLEY; CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY; FINE PARTICLES; US CITIES; POLLUTION; ASSOCIATIONS AB Identifying the mechanisms by which air pollution causes human health effects is a daunting task. Airsheds around the world are composed of pollution mixtures made up of hundreds of chemical and biological components with an extensive array of physicochemical properties. Current in vivo approaches are limited to the identification of associations between pollutants and health but do not allow for the identification of precise biological mechanisms of effect or the component(s) responsible for the effect. High-throughput in vitro methods using relevant cell culture systems and microarray technology allow researchers to evaluate the mechanisms by which air pollutants affect human health. Our studies have used human airway epithelial cells primarily to test the toxicological effects of particles of different sizes and of various particle components from several cities across the United States. Chemical mass balance analysis is also being used to analyze these samples to establish links between physicochemical properties of particulate matter (PM) and potential sources. The ultimate goal of this line of research is to link the mechanistic data to the PM source data in order to gain an understanding about how the components and sources of PM affect human health. C1 MDS Pharma Serv Inc, Lincoln, NE 68521 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Graff, DW (reprint author), MDS Pharma Serv Inc, 621 Rose St, Lincoln, NE 68521 USA. EM Donald.Graff@mdsinc.com NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 SU 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1080/08958370701490551 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 210CM UT WOS:000249434300005 PM 17886046 ER PT J AU Samet, JM Graff, D Berntsen, J Ghio, AJ Huang, YCT Devlin, RB AF Samet, James M. Graff, Donald Berntsen, Jon Ghio, Andrew J. Huang, Yuh-Chin T. Devlin, Robert B. TI A comparison of studies on the effects of controlled exposure to fine, coarse and ultrafine ambient particulate matter from a single location SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Inhalation Symposium CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP German Soc Toxicol, Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA ID AIR-POLLUTION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; URBAN AIR; HUMANS; TRANSLOCATION; INFLAMMATION; MORTALITY; HEALTHY AB Particle size has been implicated by epidemiological and toxicological studies as an important determinant of the toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM). In an effort to characterize the cardiovascular, hematological and pulmonary effects of different PM size fractions in humans, we have conducted controlled human exposures of normal volunteers to ultrafine-,fine- and coarse- fraction PM concentrated from ambient air in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Healthy non-smoking male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 participated in these studies. Exposures were undertaken with the use of particle concentrators fitted with size-selective outlets. These devices are capable of generating concentration factors between 10- and 20-fold over ambient levels. Cardiovascular endpoints measured include heart rate variability and T-wave alternans, as well as pulmonary function parameters. Subjects underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage 18 hrs following exposure to PM or to clean air. Lavage fluids and blood samples were assayed for a battery of markers of hematological, cytotoxic and inflammatory injury. The design of these studies permits direct comparison of the effects of concentrated ambient PM as a function of particle size. The data to be presented reveal modest size fraction-dependent effects of concentrated PM exposure on cardiovascular, pulmonary and hematological parameters in normal adult human subjects. These findings have relevant implications for the design of future chamber studies and the role of particle size fraction in the adverse health effects of PM exposure in humans. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. TRC Environm, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM Samet.James@EPA.gov NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 SU 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1080/08958370701492706 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 210CM UT WOS:000249434300006 PM 17886047 ER PT J AU Cascio, WE Cozzi, E Hazarika, S Devlin, RB Henriksen, RA Lust, RM Van Scott, MR Wingard, CJ AF Cascio, Wayne E. Cozzi, Emily Hazarika, Surovi Devlin, Robert B. Henriksen, Ruth A. Lust, Robert M. Van Scott, Michael R. Wingard, Christopher J. TI Cardiac and vasular changes in mice after exposure to ultrafine particulate matter SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Inhalation Symposium CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP German Soc Toxicol, Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA ID ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; AIR-POLLUTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEALTHY-ADULTS; PARTICLES; INHALATION; INFLAMMATION; PULMONARY; LUNG; INSTILLATION AB Increased ambient air particulate matter (PM) concentrations are associated with risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and arrhythmia, and ultrafine PM (UFPM) might be particularly toxic to the cardiovascular system. Recent epidemiological studies are beginning to offer mechanistic insights, yet the rodent model remains a valuable tool to explore potential mechanisms. This article reviews a series of studies from our laboratory demonstrating the promise of mouse models to link health effects to biological mechanisms. Specifically, data from 6- to 10-wk-old male ICR mice exposed to intratracheal instillation of 100 mu g of UFPM collected from the Chapel Hill, NC airshed are described. Studies of ischemia/reperfusion, vascular function, and hemostasis are described. In summary, UFPM exposure doubles the size of myocardial infarction attendant to an episode of ischemia and reperfusion while increasing postischemic oxidant stress. UFPM alters endothelial-dependent and -independent regulation of systemic vascular tone; increases platelet number, plasma fibrinogen, and soluble P-selectin levels; and reduces bleeding time, implying enhanced thrombogenic potential. Taking these findings together, this model of acute UFPM exposure in the mouse indicates that UFPM induces a prothrombotic state and decreases vasomotor responsiveness, thereby offering insight into how UFPM could contribute to vascular events associated with thrombosis and ischemia and increasing the extent of infarction. C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cascio, WE (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, PCMH 378-TA, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM casciow@ecu.edu OI Wingard, Christopher/0000-0002-8251-5678; Van Scott, Michael/0000-0003-1782-1334 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 SU 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1080/08958370701493456 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 210CM UT WOS:000249434300012 PM 17886053 ER PT J AU Ris, C AF Ris, Charles TI US EPA health assessment for diesel engine exhaust: A review SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Inhalation Symposium CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP German Soc Toxicol, Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US EPA ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; RAILROAD WORKERS; RAT LUNG; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; DRIVERS; BLACK AB In 2002 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a Health assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust. The objective of this assessment was to examine the possible health hazards associated with exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DE). The assessment concludes that long-term inhalation exposure is likely to pose a lung cancer hazard to humans as inferred from epidemiologic and certain animal studies. Estimation of cancer potency from available epidemiology studies was not attempted because of the absence of a confident cancer dose-response and animal studies were not judged appropriate for cancer potency estimation. A noncancer chronic human health hazard is inferred from rodent studies which show dose-dependent inflammation and histopathology in the rat lung. For these noncancer effects a safe exposure concentration for humans was estimated. Short-term exposures were noted to cause irritation and inflammatory symptoms of a transient nature, these being highly variable across an exposed population. The assessment also indicates that there is emerging evidence for the exacerbation of existing allergies and asthma symptoms; however, as of 2002 the data were inadequate for quantitative dose-response analysis. The assessment conclusions are based on studies that used exposures from engines built prior to the mid 1990s. More recent engines without high-efficiency particle traps would be expected to have exhaust emissions with similar characteristics. With additional cancer epidemiology studies expected in 2007-2008, and a growing body of evidence for allergenicity and cardiovascular effects, future health assessments will have an expanded health effects data base to evaluate. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ris, C (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW Mailcode 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ris.charles@epa.gov NR 39 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 SU 1 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1080/08958370701497960 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 210CM UT WOS:000249434300030 PM 17886071 ER PT J AU Pauluhn, J Carson, A Costa, DL Gordon, T Kodavanti, U Last, JA Matthay, MA Pinkerton, KE Sciuto, AM AF Pauluhn, J. Carson, A. Costa, D. L. Gordon, T. Kodavanti, U. Last, J. A. Matthay, M. A. Pinkerton, K. E. Sciuto, A. M. TI Workshop summary: Phosgene-induced pulmonary toxicity revisited: Appraisal of early and late markers of pulmonary injury from animal models with emphasis on human significance SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE LUNG INJURY; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY; SURFACTANT PROTEIN-A; IRRITANT-THRESHOLD CONCENTRATIONS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; HIGH-LEVEL EXPOSURE; NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE; X TIME-DEPENDENCE; BEAGLE DOGS AB A workshop was held February 14, 2007, in Arlington, VA, under the auspices of the Phosgene Panel of the American Chemistry Council. The objective of this workshop was to convene inhalation toxicologists and medical experts from academia, industry and regulatory authorities to critically discuss past and recent inhalation studies of phosgene in controlled animal models. This included presentations addressing the benefits and limitations of rodent (mice, rats) and nonrodent (dogs) species to study concentration x time (C x t) relationships of acute and chronic types of pulmonary changes. Toxicological endpoints focused on the primary pulmonary effects associated with the acute inhalation exposure to phosgene gas and responses secondary to injury. A consensus was reached that the phosgene-induced increased pulmonary extravasation of fluid and protein can suitably be probed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) techniques. BAL fluid analyses rank among the most sensitive methods to detect phosgene-induced noncardiogenic, pulmonary high-permeability edema following acute inhalation exposure. Maximum protein concentrations in BAL fluid occurred within 1 day after exposure, typically followed by a latency period up to about 15 h, which is reciprocal to the C x t exposure relationship. The C x t relationship was constant over a wide range of concentrations and single exposure durations. Following intermittent, repeated exposures of fixed duration, increased tolerance to recurrent exposures occurred. For such exposure regimens, chronic effects appear to be clearly dependent on the concentration rather than the cumulative concentration x time relationship. The threshold C x t product based on an increased BAL fluid protein following single exposure was essentially identical to the respective C x t product following subchronic exposure of rats based on increased pulmonary collagen and influx of inflammatory cells. Thus, the chronic outcome appears to be contingent upon the acute pulmonary threshold dose. Exposure concentrations high enough to elicit an increased acute extravasation of plasma constituents into the alveolus may also be associated with surfactant dysfunction, intra- alveolar accumulation of fibrin and collagen, and increased recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Although the exact mechanisms of toxicity have not yet been completely elucidated, consensus was reached that the acute pulmonary toxicity of phosgene gas is consistent with a simple, irritant mode of action at the site of its initial deposition/ retention. The acute concentration x time mortality relationship of phosgene gas in rats is extremely steep, which is typical for a local, directly acting pulmonary irritant gas. Due to the high lipophilicity of phosgene gas, it efficiently penetrates the lower respiratory tract. Indeed, more recent published evidence from animals or humans has not revealed appreciable irritant responses in central and upper airways, unless exposure was to almost lethal concentrations. The comparison of acute inhalation studies in rats and dogs with focus on changes in BAL fluid constituents demonstrates that dogs are approximately three to four times less susceptible to phosgene than rats under methodologically similar conditions. There are data to suggest that the dog may be useful particularly for the study of mechanisms associated with the acute extravasation of plasma constituents because of its size and general morphology and physiology of the lung as well as its oronasal breathing patterns. However, the study of the long- term sequela of acute effects is experimentally markedly more demanding in dogs as compared to rats, precluding the dog model to be applied on a routine base. The striking similarity of threshold concentrations from single exposure (increased protein in BAL fluid) and repeated-exposure 3-mo inhalation studies (increased pulmonary collagen deposition) in rats supports the notion that chronic changes depend on acute threshold mechanisms. C1 Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Davis, CA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Pauluhn, J (reprint author), BAYER Hlth Care, Inst Toxicol, Bldg 514, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany. EM juergen.pauluhn@bayerhealthcare.com NR 138 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 BP 789 EP 810 DI 10.1080/08958370701479133 PG 22 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 199FF UT WOS:000248680900001 PM 17687713 ER PT J AU Choi, JI Kim, CS AF Choi, Jung-Il Kim, Chong S. TI Mathematical analysis of particle deposition in human lungs: An improved single path transport model SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; HEALTHY-ADULTS; AIRWAY MODELS; WOMEN; MEN AB A dynamic single-path mathematical model was developed that is capable of analyzing detailed deposition patterns of inhaled particles in human lungs. Weibel's symmetric lung morphology was adopted as the basic lung structure, and detailed transport processes were evaluated numerically using the fully implicit procedure. Deposition efficiencies by specific mechanisms were individually examined for accuracy and new empirical formulas were incorporated whenever appropriate. Deposition in the alveolar region was divided into deposition fractions in the alveolar duct and alveoli, considering active transport processes between the two regions. The deposition fractions were obtained for each airway generation, serial lung volumetric compartments, and conventional three-compartment anatomic lung regions. In addition, the surface dose and cumulative deposition with time were analyzed. The results showed excellent agreement with available experimental data. The present model provides an improvement from the previously reported models and can be used as a tool in assessing internal dose of inhaled particles under various inhalation conditions. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.chong@epa.gov RI Choi, Jung-il/H-1013-2011 NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 11 BP 925 EP 939 DI 10.1080/08958370701513014 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 208TL UT WOS:000249342000002 PM 17849277 ER PT J AU Sama, P Long, TC Hester, S Tajuba, J Parker, J Chen, LC Veronesi, B AF Sama, Preethi Long, Thomas C. Hester, Susan Tajuba, Julianne Parker, Joel Chen, Lung-Chi Veronesi, Bellina TI The cellular and genomic response of an immortalized microglia cell line (BV2) to concentrated ambient particulate matter SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; INNATE IMMUNITY; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURES; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; DNA-DAMAGE; BRAIN; ACTIVATION AB Ambient particulate matter (PM) damages pulmonary tissue through oxidative stress (OS) pathways. Several reports indicate that the brain is another affected target of PM exposure. Since microglia (brain macrophages) are critical to OS-mediated neurodegeneration, the cellular and genomic response of immortalized mouse microglia (BV2) was examined in response to fine (<= 2.5 mu m) concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) collected from Tuxedo, NY. Samples of CAPs were labeled as high potency (HP) or low potency (LP) depending on their stimulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activity in human bronchial epithelial cells. Compositional analysis of these samples, performed during their original collection, indicated a strong correlation between HP CAPs and and the presence of nickel and vanadium (Maciejczyk & Chen, 2005). Exposure of the BV2 microglia to LP CAPs reduced intracellular levels of ATP (>= 250 mu g/ml) and depolarized mitochondrial membranes (>= 6 mu g/ml) within 15 min of exposure. HPandLPCAPs(>= 25 mu g/ml) differentially affected the endogenous scavengers, glutathione and nonprotein sulfhydryl in BV2 microglia after 1.5 h of exposure. Both HP and LP CAPs stimulated the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a and interleukin (IL)-6 after 6 h of exposures. Microarray analysis of BV2 microglia exposed to either HP or LP CAPs (75 mu g/ml, 4 h) identified 3200 (HP CAPs) and 160 (LP CAPs) differentially expressed (up- and downregulated) genes relative to media controls. Of the 3200 genes significantly affected by HP CAPs, the most prominent upregulated gene probes related to inflammatory pathways associated with Toll-like receptor signaling, MAPK signaling, T- and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, and various proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors. LP CAPs significantly affected 160 genes that related to pathways associated with cellular maintenance and division, cell cycling and nuclear events. These data suggest that HP CAPs, which contained higher levels of nickel and vanadium than LP CAPs, appear to be more inflammatory and selectively upregulated the expression of inflammatory and innate immunity pathways in BV2 microglia. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Constella Grp, Durham, NC USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Mail Drop B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; OI Chen, Lung Chi/0000-0003-1154-2107 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, R01ES015495] NR 54 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.1080/08958370701628721 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 223IU UT WOS:000250364300004 PM 17957548 ER PT J AU Ciencewicki, J Gowdy, K Krantz, QT Linak, WP Brighton, L Gilmour, MI Jaspers, I AF Ciencewicki, Jonathan Gowdy, Kymberly Krantz, Quentin T. Linak, William P. Brighton, Luisa Gilmour, M. Ian Jaspers, Ilona TI Diesel exhaust enhanced susceptibility to influenza infection is associated with decreased surfactant protein expression SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; A-DEFICIENT MICE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; IN-VIVO; KAPPA-B; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICLE CHEMICALS; ENGINE EMISSIONS AB We have previously shown that exposure of respiratory epithelial cells to diesel exhaust (DE) enhances susceptibility to influenza infection and increases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-beta. The purpose of this study was to confirm and expand upon these in vitro results by assessing the effects of DE exposure on the progression of influenza infection and on development of associated pulmonary immune and inflammatory responses in vivo. BALB/c mice were exposed to air or toDE containing particulate matter at concentrations of 0.5 or 2 mg/m(3) for 4 h/day for 5 days and subsequently instilled with influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 virus. Exposure to 0.5 mg/m(3) (but not the higher 2-mg/m(3) dose) of DE increased susceptibility to influenza infection as demonstrated by a significant increase in hemagglutinin (HA) mRNA levels, a marker of influenza copies, and greater immunohistochemical staining for influenza virus protein in the lung. The enhanced susceptibility to infection observed in mice exposed to 0.5 mg/m(3) of DE was associated with a significant increase in the expression of IL-6, while antiviral lung IFN levels were unaffected. Analysis of the expression and production of surfactant proteins A and D, which are components of the interferon-independent antiviral defenses, showed that these factors were decreased following exposure to 0.5 mg/m(3) of DE but not to the higher 2-mg/m(3) concentration. Taken together, the results demonstrate that exposure to DE enhances the susceptibility to respiratory viral infections by reducing the expression and production of antimicrobial surfactant proteins. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, Dept Pediat, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Jaspers, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CB No 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Ilona_jaspers@med.unc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES013611] NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1121 EP 1133 DI 10.1080/08958370701665426 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 235ND UT WOS:000251240200002 PM 17987464 ER PT J AU Bennett, WD Hazucha, MJ Folinsbee, LJ Bromberg, PA Kissling, GE London, SJ AF Bennett, William D. Hazucha, Milan J. Folinsbee, Lawrence J. Bromberg, Philip A. Kissling, Grace E. London, Stephanie J. TI Acute pulmonary function response to ozone in young adults as a function of body mass index SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBESE MICE; HUMAN-LUNG; AIRWAY; EXPOSURE; INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; HUMANS; GENDER; SYSTEM; MUSCLE AB Recent studies have shown enhanced responsiveness to ozone in obese mice. Adiposity has not been examined as a possible modulator of ozone response in humans. We therefore examined the relationship between body mass index and the acute spirometric response to ozone (O-3) exposure among 197 nonasthmatic young adults (aged 18-35 yr) studied in our human exposure facility from 1992 to 1998. Each subject had been exposed to 0.42 ppm O-3 for 1.5 h with intermittent exercise designed to produce a minute ventilation of 20 L/min/m(2) body surface area (BSA). Spirometry (pulmonary function) was measured pre- and immediately postexposure to determine acute ozone-induced changes. The decrement in forced expiratory volume in 1s (Delta FEV1) as percent of baseline was significantly correlated with BMI, r = - 0.16, p =.03, with a slightly stronger correlation in women (n = 75), r = - 0.22, p =.05, and no significant correlation in men. BMI had a greater range in women than in men in our study. In women greater ozone-induced decrements were seen in overweight (BMI> 25 kg/m(2)) than in normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 25 kg/m(2)), and in normal weight than in underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)) for all spirometric variables considered (p trend =.022). Although our population studied was predominantly normal weight, we found that higher body mass index may be a modest risk factor for adverse pulmonary effects associated with ozone exposure, especially for women. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIH, NIEHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bennett, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM William_Bennett@med.unc.edu OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES043012-09] NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.1080/08958370701665475 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 235ND UT WOS:000251240200004 PM 17987466 ER PT J AU Roque-Malherbe, RM Hernandez, JJD Del Valle, W Toledo, E AF Roque-Malherbe, Rolando M. Hernandez, Jose J. Duconge Del Valle, William Toledo, Edwin TI Lead, copper, cobalt and nickel removal from water solutions by dynamic ionic exchange in LECA zeolite beds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ionic exchange; LECA zeolite; heavy metals; plug flow reactor; breakthrough curves AB LECA zeolite, a novel material containing zeolite crystallised on light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) substrates with the aid of a hydrothermal process, was used in ionic exchange applications. LECA zeolite combines the porosity, low density and good mechanical properties of LECA substrates with the microporosity and ion-exchange properties of zeolites. In the present work, the dynamic ionic exchange of heavy metals was studied in a bed reactor filled with well-characterised LECA zeolite. Measurements were carried out of the parameters that describe the performance of the plug flow ionic exchange bed reactors (PFIEBR) during dynamic ionic exchange in LECA zeolite columns, removing Pb2+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ from water solutions. The results indicated that Pb2+ is particularly selectively exchanged in comparison with Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni-2. The selectivity decreased in the following order Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ congruent to Ni2+. The results indicated that LECA zeolite could be effectively used in heavy metal removal from wastewater. C1 [Roque-Malherbe, Rolando M.; Hernandez, Jose J. Duconge] Turabo Univ, Sch Sci, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. [Del Valle, William] US EPA, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Roque-Malherbe, RM (reprint author), Turabo Univ, Sch Sci, POB 3030, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. EM RRoque@suagm.edu; JDuconge@suagm.edu; Delvalle-Gonzalez.William@epamail.epa.gov; edwin.toledo@movapharm.com NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 292 EP 303 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268DO UT WOS:000253558800005 ER PT J AU Hall, J Zaffiro, AD Marx, RB Kefauver, PC Krishnan, ER Herrmann, JG AF Hall, John Zaffiro, Alan D. Marx, Randall B. Kefauver, Paul C. Krishnan, E. Radha Herrmann, Jonathan G. TI On-line water quality parameters as indicators of distribution system contamination SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RAPID ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; SECURITY INVESTIGATIONS AB The safety and security of drinking water distribution systems have recently generated considerable interest because of the credible concern that they could be compromised with chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants. In order to protect public health,the US Environmental Protection Agency initiated a program to investigate how changes in water quality parameters, which potentially indicate contamination, can be detected by real- or near real-time sensors. The sensors investigated were off-the-shelf commercial products designed to monitor standard drinking water parameters such as pH, free chlorine, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), chloride, ammonia, and nitrate. These sensors were mounted within a recirculating pipe loop and challenged with contaminants including secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, potassium ferricyanide, a malathion insecticidal formulation, a glyphosate herbicidal formulation, nicotine, arsenic trioxide, aldicarb, and Escherichia coli K-12 strain with growth media. Overall, the sensors that responded to most contaminants were those that monitored for free chlorine, TOC, ORP, specific conductance, and chloride. Generally, the technology used in sensor design or the particular manufacturer of the sensor did not affect the response characteristics. These results may help refine the role of water quality sensors, in conjunction with other data sources such as customer complaints and public health surveillance data, in a contamination warning system within a water distribution system. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Test & Evaluat Facil, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. Shaw Environm, Cincinnati, OH USA. SBR Technol Inc, New York, NY USA. US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Test & Evaluat Facil, 1600 Gest St, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. NR 18 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 125RM UT WOS:000243460000022 ER PT J AU Bowman, CC Selgrade, MK AF Bowman, C. C. Selgrade, M. K. TI Relative potency of oral antigens in provoking food allergy in the mouse SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Bowman, C. C.; Selgrade, M. K.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 462 BP S117 EP S117 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.441 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400462 ER PT J AU Chung, Y Copeland, LB Ward, MDW AF Chung, Y. Copeland, L. B. Ward, M. D. W. TI Relative potency of mold and house dust mite extracts in inducing allergic responses in BALB/c mice SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Chung, Y.; Copeland, L. B.; Ward, M. D. W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 741 BP S189 EP S189 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.106 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401126 ER PT J AU Ishmael, FT Fang, X Heller, N Fan, J Blackshear, PJ Atasoy, U Cheadle, C Stellato, C AF Ishmael, F. T. Fang, X. Heller, N. Fan, J. Blackshear, P. J. Atasoy, U. Cheadle, C. Stellato, C. TI Role of the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) in glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated gene regulation SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Ishmael, F. T.; Fang, X.; Heller, N.; Fan, J.; Cheadle, C.; Stellato, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Blackshear, P. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Atasoy, U.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. RI Stellato, Cristiana/P-3001-2015 OI Stellato, Cristiana/0000-0002-1294-8355 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 528 BP S134 EP S134 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.653 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400527 ER PT J AU Pero, RS Borchers, MT Spicher, K Ochkur, SI Sikora, L Rao, SP O'Neill, KR Abdala-Valencia, H Shen, H Simon, MI McGarry, MP Lee, NA Cook-Mills, JM Sriramarao, P Birnbaumer, L Lee, JJ AF Pero, R. S. Borchers, M. T. Spicher, K. Ochkur, S. I. Sikora, L. Rao, S. P. O'Neill, K. R. Abdala-Valencia, H. Shen, H. Simon, M. I. McGarry, M. P. Lee, N. A. Cook-Mills, J. M. Sriramarao, P. Birnbaumer, L. Lee, J. J. TI Extravasation of leukocytes from circulations is controlled by G alpha(i2) signaling events in the endothelium SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Pero, R. S.; Ochkur, S. I.; O'Neill, K. R.; McGarry, M. P.; Lee, N. A.; Lee, J. J.] Mayo Clin Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Borchers, M. T.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Spicher, K.] Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Sikora, L.; Rao, S. P.; Sriramarao, P.] La Jolla Inst Mol Med, San Diego, CA USA. [Abdala-Valencia, H.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Shen, H.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Med, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Simon, M. I.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Birnbaumer, L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 598 BP S152 EP S152 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.532 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400597 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MJK Boykin, EH Haykal-Coates, N Woolhiser, MR Wiescinski, C Andrews, DL Farraj, AK Doerfler, DL Gavett, SH AF Selgrade, M. J. K. Boykin, E. H. Haykal-Coates, N. Woolhiser, M. R. Wiescinski, C. Andrews, D. L. Farraj, A. K. Doerfler, D. L. Gavett, S. H. TI Th2 cytokine profiles do not predict antibody responses and respiratory hyperresponsiveness following dermal exposure to isocyanates SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Selgrade, M. J. K.; Boykin, E. H.; Haykal-Coates, N.; Andrews, D. L.; Farraj, A. K.; Doerfler, D. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Woolhiser, M. R.; Wiescinski, C.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 927 BP S236 EP S237 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.295 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401311 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Chung, Y Copeland, LB Selgrade, MK Vesper, S AF Ward, M. D. W. Chung, Y. Copeland, L. B. Selgrade, M. K. Vesper, S. TI Indoor molds and allergic potential SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Ward, M. D. W.; Chung, Y.; Copeland, L. B.; Selgrade, M. K.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vesper, S.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 390 BP S99 EP S99 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.605 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400390 ER PT J AU Wu, H Romieu, I Sienra-Monge, J Rio-Navarro, B Anderson, DM Dunn, EW Steiner, LL Lara-Sanchez, I London, S AF Wu, H. Romieu, I. Sienra-Monge, J. Rio-Navarro, B. Anderson, D. M. Dunn, E. W. Steiner, L. L. Lara-Sanchez, I. London, S. TI Parental smoking modifies effects of genetic variation in tumor necrosis factor-alpha on childhood asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Wu, H.; Dunn, E. W.; London, S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Romieu, I.; Lara-Sanchez, I.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Sienra-Monge, J.; Rio-Navarro, B.] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Steiner, L. L.] Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 660 BP S168 EP S168 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.022 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401045 ER PT J AU Chao, SL Moss, JM Harry, GJ AF Chao, Shirley L. Moss, Jason M. Harry, G. Jean TI Lead-induced alterations of apoptosis and neurotrophic factor mRNA in the developing rat cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead acetate; apoptosis; neurotrophic factor; cortex; hippocampus; cerebellum; caspase 2; caspase 3; bax; bc1-x; brain-derived neurotrophic factor ID CELL-DEATH; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXPOSURE; NEURONS; BRAIN; NEUROTOXICITY; RECEPTORS AB Previous reports have recently shown the prototypic neurotoxicant, lead, to induce apoptosis in the brains of developing organisms. In the current study, timed-pregnant rats were exposed to lead acetate (0.2% in the drinking water) 24 h following birth at postnatal day 1 (PND 1). Dams and pups were continuously exposed to lead through the drinking water of the dam until PND 20. Postnatal exposure in the pups resulted in altered mRNA levels of the following apoptotic and neurotrophic factors: caspase 2 and 3, bax, bc1-x, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Ribonuclease protection assays were conducted to measure the factors simultaneously at the following postnatal time points: 9, 12, 15, 20, and 25 days. Our results suggest a brain region- and time-specific response following lead acetate exposure. The region most vulnerable to alterations occurs in the hippocampus with alterations beginning at PND 12, in which caspase 3, bcl-x, and BDNF increase with lead exposure. Significant treatment effects were not observed for both the cortex and cerebellum. K) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chao, SL (reprint author), Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. EM schao@uncfsu.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES021164-11]; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-25331]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P20 MD001089-01, P20 MD001089] NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1002/jbt.20191 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 224RV UT WOS:000250465000004 PM 17912701 ER PT J AU von Blottnitz, H Curran, MA AF von Blottnitz, Harro Curran, Mary Ann TI A review of assessments conducted on bio-ethanol as a transportation fuel from a net energy, greenhouse gas, and environmental life cycle perspective SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Review DE bio-ethanol; life cycle assessment; energy balance; greenhouse gas; sustainable transportation ID BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; SUSTAINABILITY AB Interest in producing ethanol from biomass in an attempt to make transportation ecologically sustainable continues to grow. In recent years, a large number of assessments have been conducted to assess the environmental merit of biofuels. Two detailed reviews present contrasting results: one is generally unfavourable, whilst the other is more favourable towards fuel bio-ethanol. However, most work that has been done so far, to assess the conversion of specific feedstocks to biofuels, specifically bio-ethanol, has not gone beyond energy and carbon assessments. This study draws on 47 published assessments that compare bio-ethanol systems to conventional fuel on a life cycle basis, or using life cycle assessment (LCA). A majority of these assessments focused on net energy and greenhouse gases, and despite differing assumptions and system boundaries, the following general lessons emerge: (i) make ethanol from sugar crops, in tropical countries, but approach expansion of agricultural land usage with extreme caution; (ii) consider hydrolysing and fermenting lignocellulosic residues to ethanol; and (iii) the LCA results on grasses as feedstock are insufficient to draw conclusions. It appears that technology choices in process residue handling and in fuel combustion are key, whilst site-specific environmental management tools should best handle biodiversity issues. Seven of the reviewed studies evaluated a wider range of environmental impacts, including resource depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, human and ecological health, smog formation, etc., but came up with divergent conclusions, possibly due to different approaches in scoping. These LCAs typically report that bio-ethanol results in reductions in resource use and global warming; however, impacts on acidification, human toxicity and ecological toxicity, occurring mainly during the growing and processing of biomass, were more often unfavourable than favourable. It is in this area that further work is needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Cape Town, Dept Chem Engn, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP von Blottnitz, H (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Chem Engn, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM hvb@chemeng.uct.ac.za; curran.maryann@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 54 TC 288 Z9 291 U1 16 U2 191 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 607 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.03.002 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 146GJ UT WOS:000244922200001 ER PT J AU Bartos, S Laush, C Scharfenberg, J Kantamaneni, R AF Bartos, Scott Laush, Curtis Scharfenberg, Jeremy Kantamaneni, Ravi TI Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from magnesium die casting SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE magnesium; cover gas; sulfur hexafluoride; greenhouse gas emissions; magnesium melt protection AB The U.S. magnesium industry uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a cover gas to prevent the rapid and hazardous oxidation of molten magnesium. While this gas is considered to be safe and effective in this application, it is one of the most potent and persistent greenhouse gases (GHG) found in the atmosphere. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched a collaborative initiative called the SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for the Magnesium Industry in 1999 to identify and implement practical technologies for improving the industry's environmental profile. EPA's Partners, joined by the International Magnesium Association (IMA), have voluntarily committed to eliminate the use of SF6 by 2010. The Partnership and IMA's commitment sent a clear signal to industry suppliers and has precipitated the exploration of alternate cover gases that are just as effective as SF6 but greatly reduce the process's climate impact. The focus of this study is to assess byproducts, degradation levels, and GHG emission factors for three different fluorinated cover gases (SF6, AM-cover (TM), and Novec (TM) 612) in cold chamber die casting applications. The results of this study are used to describe two approaches that modify current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Good Practice Guidance for estimating cover gas emissions from the magnesium industry. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ICF Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. URS Corp, Austin, TX 78720 USA. RP Scharfenberg, J (reprint author), ICF Consulting, 1725 Eye St,NW,Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM jscharfenberg@icfconsulting.com NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 10 BP 979 EP 987 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.01.008 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159FA UT WOS:000245849600014 ER PT J AU Obolensky, A Singer, PC Shukairy, HM AF Obolensky, Alexa Singer, Philip C. Shukairy, Hiba M. TI Information collection rule data evaluation and analysis to support impacts on disinfection by-product formation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ICR DATABASE AB Information Collection Rule (ICR) water quality and treatment data were screened from an end-user's perspective and data distributions were developed based on the screened data set. Questionable data were flagged and missing categorical variables were replaced where possible. Sparseness of flagged data indicated a high level of ICR data quality while recovery of missing descriptors substantially amplified the data set. Data patterns demonstrated anticipated relationships between disinfection practices and water quality: plants with high concentrations of organic precursors preferentially employed chloramines and avoided prechlorination; plants with high bromide levels also tended to employ chloramines although bromide did not impact prechlorination practice. Though plants employing chloramination used significantly higher chlorine doses than plants using only free chlorine, when normalized to total organic carbon (TOC) this difference largely disappeared. The median ICR chlorine to TOC ratio was 1.54 Mg Cl-2/mg C. Applied chlorine to ammonia-nitrogen ratios at chloramine plants varied widely but the median value was near the theoretical 1 : 1 molar ratio. Significantly higher bromide to TOC ratios at ground water plants, compared to surface water plants, resulted from the typically lower TOC and higher bromide levels in ground waters. C1 Philadelphia Water Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19124 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Obolensky, A (reprint author), Philadelphia Water Dept, 1500 E Hunting Pk Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19124 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:1(53) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119TO UT WOS:000243036500008 ER PT J AU Sather, ME Cavender, K AF Sather, Mark E. Cavender, Kevin TI Trends analysis of ambient 8 hour ozone and precursor monitoring data in the south central US SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; HOUSTON AB For the south central U. S., lower tropospheric ozone pollution has been a persistent and challenging problem. This paper provides long-term trends analyses of the ozone and precursor monitoring data collected over the past 20 years in four south central U. S. cities. The results of these analyses should be useful to air quality scientists, managers, planners, and modelers in assessing the effectiveness of ozone pollution control strategies being implemented or being planned for the future. Results of the data analyses show that all areas have monitored significant decreases in ozone and precursor concentrations over the past 20 years, especially in El Paso, Texas. Continuing challenges include the reduction of the percentage of time that monitors record 8 hour ozone concentrations over the U. S. 8 hour ozone standard, and the future control of highly reactive volatile organic compounds. C1 US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. US EPA, Air Qual Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sather, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Reg 6,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1039/b617603h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133JG UT WOS:000244008600002 PM 17285156 ER PT J AU Impellitteri, CA Evans, O Ravel, B AF Impellitteri, Christopher A. Evans, Otis Ravel, Bruce TI Speciation of organotins in polyvinyl chloride pipe via X-ray absorption spectroscopy and in leachates using GC-PFPD after derivatisation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; DRINKING-WATER; TRIBUTYLTIN; ENVIRONMENT; CONTAMINATION; SEDIMENTS; BUTYLTIN; FATE; TIN AB Three different polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe types were subjected to de- ionized water exposures over the course of at least 180 days. Water exposed to the pipe was analyzed for organotin speciation and concentration. Organotin concentrations were the highest during the first 1-5 days. The species and concentrations of organotins leached varied by pipe type. Data were normalized by surface area in order to compare laboratory results with results from a residential pipe system. For one pipe type, the lowest non-zero concentrations from the laboratory tests overestimated organotin concentrations in solution when compared with water samples from the same pipe type in a residence. For organotin exposure estimates, a range of 0.1 ng m(-2) to 10 ng m(-2) could be used for mature pipes (e.g. in use for 1 year). These estimates should be refined with more field study, however, due to the high variation in organotin species and concentrations leached as a function of pipe type, accuracy within an order of magnitude may be optimal as, in many instances, the type of pipe installed or buried may be unknown. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify organic and inorganic tin species in reference materials and the PVC samples. Monobutyl tin was identified as the primary organotin species in the pipes. Results from the XAS analyses also indicate that the technique shows promise for distinguishing between inorganic tin and organotins. Furthermore, organotins may be distinguished between mono-, di-, and tri-ligand species using XAS. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Impellitteri, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Impellitteri.christopher@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.1039/b617711e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153MM UT WOS:000245439600007 PM 17410310 ER PT J AU Savage, N Thomas, TA Duncan, JS AF Savage, Nora Thomas, Treye A. Duncan, Jeremiah S. TI Nanotechnology applications and implications research supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency STAR grants program SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SENSOR AB Since 2002, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been funding research on the environmental aspects of nanotechnology through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program. In total, more than $25 million has been awarded for 86 research projects on the environmental applications and implications of nanotechnology. In the applications area, grantees have produced promising results in green manufacturing, remediation, sensors, and treatment using nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Although there are many potential benefits of nanotechnology, there has also been increasing concern about the environmental and health effects of nanomaterials, and there are significant gaps in the data needed to address these concerns. Research performed by STAR grantees is beginning to address these needs. C1 US EPA, Office Res Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Consumer Product Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Savage, N (reprint author), US EPA, Office Res Dev, 1200 Pen Ave NW,MC 8722F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM savage.nora@epa.gov; TThomas@cpsc.gov; duncan.jeremiah@epa.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1046 EP 1054 DI 10.1039/b704002d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216NQ UT WOS:000249885200033 PM 17909637 ER PT J AU Englert, BC AF Englert, Brian Carl TI Nanomaterials and the environment: uses, methods and measurement SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SINGLE-WALL; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE AB Nanotechnology has emerged as a field of science and engineering which offers many new product possibilities and potential solutions for a variety of problems. Nanomaterials come in many shapes and forms and contribute to potential products that do everything from sense analytes on a molecular level to function as self cleaning surfaces. With new and significant applications, it is likely that nanomaterial containing products may replace many of the products we use on a daily basis, leading to an increased presence of these materials in the environment. This will result in new needs and requirements from detection tools. It is likely that the analytical methods used to monitor nanomaterials in the environment will be very different than those used in risk assessment and exposure studies. This paper briefly outlines the history, impacts, and uses of nanomaterials and discusses possible methods of detection and quanti. cation for environmental samples. The discussions in this article are specific to those matrices relating to wastewaters and sludge. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Englert, BC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM englert.brian@epa.gov NR 140 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1161 DI 10.1039/b705988d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225IH UT WOS:000250509800002 ER PT J AU Sadik, OA AF Sadik, Omowunmi A. TI Detecting engineered nanomaterials SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sadik, OA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1154 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225IH UT WOS:000250509800001 ER PT J AU Kibler, VM Kasturi, KP AF Kibler, Virginia M. Kasturi, Kavya P. TI Understanding water quality trading: the basics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article AB The United States has entered a new era in water quality protection: the era of market-based incentives. In January 2003, the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) issued its National Water Quality Trading Policy ( Trading Policy) ( USEPA, 2003). This action has generated greater interest in water quality trading and has prompted EPA to develop tools and training to assist interested parties in understanding what water quality trading is and what constitutes a successful trading program. C1 US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kibler, VM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 4203 M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kibler.virginia@epa.gov; kasturi.kavya@epa.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1302 EP 1305 DI 10.1039/b714740f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236XN UT WOS:000251336800001 PM 18049767 ER PT J AU Chen, Y O'Brien, T Del Razo, LM Thomas, DJ Kitchin, KT AF Chen, Yan O'Brien, Tom Del Razo, Luz Maria Thomas, David J. Kitchin, Kirk T. TI Tissue levels of arsenicals and skin tumor response following administration of monomethylarsonous acid and arsenite to K6/ODC mice SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; arsenite; monomethylarsonous acid; carcinogenesis; K6/ODC transgenic mice; MMA(III); low methionine diet; low protein diet; ornithine decarboxylase; tissue arsenic concentrations ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; TRANSGENIC MICE; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANIMAL-MODELS; DNA-DAMAGE; CARCINOGENESIS; TRIVALENT; METABOLISM; INDUCTION AB The effects of monomethylarsonous acid (MMA[III]) and arsenite, administered in drinking water on tissue levels of arsenicals, cytogenetics, and mouse skin tumorigenicity were determined. A low-methionine diet modified the pattern of arsenical tissue concentrations and decreased the tissue arsenical concentrations, particularly in kidney and urinary bladder, less so in liver, and had little effect in the lungs. In mice given 75 ppm arsenite and a low-methionine diet, the urinary bladder tissue levels were only 29%, 26%, and 38% of the inorganic arsenic (iAs), MMA, and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) concentrations found in mice eating the control diet. In K6/ODC transgenic mice that consumed a normal diet (Purina 5002), a 26-week drinking water exposure to 10 ppm arsenite resulted in 5% of the treated animals having squamous skin tumors. Exposure to 10, 50, 75, or 150 ppm MMA(III) caused 5%, 6.7%, 5%, or 0% tumor-bearing animals. A low-methionine diet did not markedly change the incidence of skin tumors-10 ppm arsenite led to 10% tumors. With a low-methionine diet, 10 and 50 ppm, MMA(III)) caused 5% and 6.7% tumor-bearing animals. In comparing the frequency of tumors in the concurrent control groups (1/70, 1.4%) with the frequency of tumors in the pooled arsenical-treated responsive groups (8/122, 6.6%), there is an excess of 6 mouse skin tumors observed in the pooled arsenical-responsive treatment groups compared to the expected number of tumors based on frequency of tumors observed in concurrent control mice. In summary, studies with MMA(III) and arsenite-treated K6/ODC transgenic mice showed (1) a low-methionine diet substantially altered mouse tissue arsenical levels and (2) numerically elevated incidence of mouse skin tumors following arsenical exposures. C1 [Kitchin, Kirk T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chen, Yan; O'Brien, Tom] ODC Mouse Grp Inc, Drexel Hill, PA 19026 USA. [Del Razo, Luz Maria] CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Toxicol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 0731-8898 J9 J ENVIRON PATHOL TOX JI J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286YM UT WOS:000254882700005 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Yu, JZ Watson, JG Ho, SSH Bohannan, TL Hays, MD Fung, KK AF Chow, Judith C. Yu, Jian Zhen Watson, John G. Ho, Steven Sai Hang Bohannan, Theresa L. Hays, Michael D. Fung, Kochy K. TI The application of thermal methods for determining chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols: A review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE carbonaceous aerosol; thermal desorption; organic carbon; organic compounds; organic markers; carbon speciation ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DESORPTION-GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION; GC-MS AB Thermal methods of various forms have been used to quantify carbonaceous materials. Thermal/optical carbon analysis provides measurements of organic and elemental carbon concentrations as well as fractions evolving at specific temperatures in ambient and source aerosols. Detection of thermally desorbed organic compounds with thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) identifies and quantifies over 100 individual organic compounds in particulate matter ( PM) samples. The resulting mass spectra contain information that is consistent among, but different between, source emissions even in the absence of association with specific organic compounds. TD-GC/MS is a demonstrated alternative to solvent extraction for many organic compounds and can be applied to samples from existing networks. It is amenable to field-deployable instruments capable of measuring organic aerosol composition in near real-time. In this review, thermal stability of organic compounds is related to chemical structures, providing a basis for understanding thermochemical properties of carbonaceous aerosols. Recent advances in thermal methods applied to determine aerosol chemical compositions are summarized and their potential for uncovering aerosol chemistry are evaluated. Current limitations and future research needs of the thermal methods are included. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth & Environm Chinese, Xian, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Peoples R China. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Atmoslyt Inc, Calabasas, CA USA. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM judy.chow@dri.edu RI Yu, Jian/A-9669-2008; Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Ho, Steven Sai Hang/E-4464-2011 OI Yu, Jian/0000-0002-6165-6500; Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Ho, Steven Sai Hang/0000-0002-4877-5994 NR 154 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 7 U2 60 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2007 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1521 EP 1541 DI 10.1080/10934520701513365 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216GI UT WOS:000249866100001 PM 17849294 ER PT J AU Overmyer, JP Rouse, DR Avants, JK Garrison, AW Delorenzo, ME Chung, KW Key, PB Wilson, WA Black, MC AF Overmyer, Jay P. Rouse, David R. Avants, Jimmy K. Garrison, A. Wayne Delorenzo, Marie E. Chung, Katy W. Key, Pete B. Wilson, W. Aaron Black, Marsha C. TI Toxicity of fipronil and its enantiomers to marine and freshwater non-targets SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE enantiomers; fipronil; freshwater; marine; non-targets; recovery; toxicity ID DESULFINYL PHOTOPRODUCT; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; CYTOSPECIES IS-7; GRASS SHRIMP; LIFE STAGES; INSECTICIDES; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; DEGRADATION; SIMULIIDAE; DIPTERA AB Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in agricultural and domestic settings for controlling various insect pests in crops, lawns, and residential structures. Fipronil is chiral; however, it is released into the environment as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. In this study, the acute toxicity of the (S,+) and (R,-) enantiomers and the racemic mixture of. pronil were assessed using Simulium vittatum IS-7 (black fly), Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), Procambarus clarkii (cray fish), Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp), Mercenaria mercenaria (hardshell clam), and Dunaliella tertiolecta (phytoplankton). Results showed that S. vittatum IS-7 was the most sensitive freshwater species to the racemic mixture of fipronil (LC50 = 0.65 mu g/L) while P. pugio was the most sensitive marine species (LC50 = 0.32 mu g/L). Procambarus clarkii were significantly more sensitive to the (S,+) enantiomer while larval P. pugio were significantly more sensitive to the (R,-) enantiomer. Enantioselective toxicity was not observed in the other organisms tested. Increased mortality and minimal recovery was observed in all species tested for recovery from. pronil exposure. These results indicate that the most toxic isomer of fipronil is organism-specific and that enantioselective toxicity may be more common in crustaceans than in other aquatic organisms. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. Senior Serv Amer Inc, US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA USA. RP Overmyer, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 413 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jayo@uga.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1080/03601230701391823 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 184OY UT WOS:000247652600001 PM 17562454 ER PT J AU Benigni, R Netzeva, TI Benfenati, E Bossa, C Franke, R Helma, C Hulzebos, E Marchant, C Richard, A Woo, YT Yang, C AF Benigni, Romualdo Netzeva, Tatiana I. Benfenati, Emilio Bossa, Cecilia Franke, Rainer Helma, Christoph Hulzebos, Etje Marchant, Carol Richard, Ann Woo, Yin-Tak Yang, Chihae TI The expanding role of predictive toxicology: An update on the (Q) SAR models for mutagens and carcinogens SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE EU REACH legislation; OECD principles; (Q) SAR carcinogen mutagen ID RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; AROMATIC-AMINES; TOXICITY; PROGRAM; ARGUMENTATION; CHALLENGE; TESTS; ASSAY AB This article reflects the views of the authors as individual scientists and does not necessarily represent a position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the presented information. This manuscript also does not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Europe, increase the reliance on estimation methods for predicting potential chemical hazard. To meet the increased expectations, the availability of valid (Q)SARs becomes a critical issue, especially for endpoints that have complex mechanisms of action, are time- and cost-consuming, and require a large number of animals to test. Here, findings from the survey on (Q)SARs for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, initiated by the European Chemicals Bureau (ECB) and carried out by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita' are summarized, key aspects are discussed, and a broader view towards future needs and perspectives is given. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dept Environm Hlth, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. Consult Drug Design GbR, Wandlitz, Germany. Silico Toxicol, Freiburg, Germany. RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Lhasa Ltd, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. US EPA, Natl Ctr Comp Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Toxics, Washington, DC USA. Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH USA. RP Benigni, R (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Environm Hlth, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM rbenigni@iss.it RI Bossa, Cecilia/K-4454-2016 OI Bossa, Cecilia/0000-0003-2084-2902 NR 65 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 53 EP 97 DI 10.1080/10590500701201828 PG 45 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 193GB UT WOS:000248261400003 PM 17365342 ER PT J AU Hsu, CH Stedeford, T Okochi-Takada, E Ushijima, T Noguchi, H Muro-Cacho, C Holder, JW Banasik, M AF Hsu, Ching-Hung Stedeford, Todd Okochi-Takada, Eriko Ushijima, Toshikazu Noguchi, Hitoshi Muro-Cacho, Carlos Holder, James W. Banasik, Marek TI Framework analysis for the carcinogenic mode of action of nitrobenzene SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE carcinogenesis; epigenetic; free radicals; genotoxicity; inflammation; methylation; mode of action; nitrobenzene ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY TESTS; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; CHINESE-HAMSTER OVARY; GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CODED CHEMICALS; FREE-RADICALS AB Nitrobenzene (CASRN: 98-95-3) has been shown to induce cancers in many tissues including kidney, liver, and thyroid, following chronic inhalation in animals. However, with a few exceptions, genotoxicity assays using nitrobenzene have given negative results. Some DNA binding/adduct studies have brought forth questionable results and, considering the available weight of evidence, it does not appear that nitrobenzene causes cancer via a genotoxic mode of action. Nitrobenzene produces a number of free radicals during its reductive metabolism, in the gut as well as at the cellular level, and generates superoxide anion as a by-product during oxidative melabolism. The reactive species generated during nitrobenzene metabolism are considered candidates for carcinogenicity. Furthermore, several lines of evidence suggest that nitrobenzene exerts its carcinogenicity through a non-DNA reactive (epigenetic) fashion, such as a strong temporal relationship between non-, pre-, and neoplastic lesions leading to carcinogenesis. In this report, we first describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nitrobenzene followed by a summary of the available genotoxicity studies and the only available cancer bioassay. We subsequently refer to the mode of action framework of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2005 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment as a basis for presenting possible modes of action for nitrobenzene-induced cancers of the liver, thyroid, and kidney, as supported by the available experimental data. The rationale(s) regarding human relevance of each mode of action is also presented. Finally, we hypothesize that the carcinogenic mode of action for nitrobenzene is multifactorial in nature and reflective of free radicals, inflammation, and/ or altered methylation. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Canc Res Inst, Div Carcinogenesis, Tokyo, Japan. Noguchi Thyroid Clin & Hosp Fdn, Oita, Japan. H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Res Inst, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, Tampa, FL USA. RP Hsu, CH (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Dept Safety Assessment, West Point, PA USA. EM chinghunghsu@yahoo.com NR 122 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 155 EP 184 DI 10.1080/10590500701399234 PG 30 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 193GD UT WOS:000248261600002 PM 17558784 ER PT J AU Manibusan, MK Odin, M Eastmond, DA AF Manibusan, Mary K. Odin, Marc Eastmond, David A. TI Postulated carbon tetrachloride mode of action: A review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE carbon tetrachloride; cytotoxicity; hepatocellular carcinoma; lipid peroxidation; liver toxicity; mode of action ID INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ALKALINE ELUTION TECHNIQUE; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; MICROSOMAL CALCIUM-PUMP; ARRESTED YEAST-CELLS; MOUSE BONE-MARROW; INTRACHROMOSOMAL RECOMBINATION; IN-VITRO AB Under the 2005 U.S. EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (1), evaluations of carcinogens rely on mode of action data to better inform dose response assessments. A reassessment of carbon tetrachloride, a model hepatotoxicant and carcinogen, provides an opportunity to incorporate into the assessment biologically relevant mode of action data on its carcinogenesis. Mechanistic studies provide evidence that metabolism of carbon tetrachloride via CYP2E1 to highly reactive free radical metabolites plays a critical role in the postulated mode of action. The primary metabolites, trichloromethyl and trichloromethyl peroxy free radicals, are highly reactive and are capable of covalently binding locally to cellular macromolecules, with preference for fatty acids from membrane phospholipids. The free radicals initiate lipid peroxidation by attacking polyunsaturated fatty acids in membranes, setting off a free radical chain reaction sequence. Lipid peroxidation is known to cause membrane disruption, resulting in the loss of membrane integrity and leakage of microsomal enzymes. By-products of lipid peroxidation include reactive aldehydes that can form protein and DNA adducts and may contribute to hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity, respectively. Natural antioxidants, including glutathione, are capable of quenching the lipid peroxidation reaction. When glutathione and other antioxidants are depleted, however, opportunities for lipid peroxidation are enhanced. Weakened cellular membranes allow sufficient leakage of calcium into the cytosol to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis. High calcium levels in the cytosol activate calcium-dependent proteases and phospholipases that further increase the breakdown of the membranes. Similarly, the increase in intracellular calcium can activate endonucleases that can cause chromosomal damage and also contribute to cell death. Sustained cell regeneration and proliferation following cell death may increase the likelihood of unrepaired spontaneous, lipid peroxidation- or endonuclease-derived mutations that can lead to cancer. Based on this body of scientific evidence, doses that do not cause sustained cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation would subsequently be protective of liver tumors if this is the primary mode of action. To fulfill the mode of action framework, additional research may be necessary to determine alternative mode(s) of action for liver tumors formed via carbon tetrachloride exposure. C1 [Manibusan, Mary K.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Odin, Marc] Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, N Syracuse, NY USA. [Eastmond, David A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Manibusan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM manibusan.mary@epa.gov NR 140 TC 158 Z9 167 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 185 EP 209 DI 10.1080/10590500701569398 PG 25 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 264DD UT WOS:000253264800001 PM 17763046 ER PT J AU Stedeford, T Zhao, QJ Dourson, ML Banasik, M Hsu, CH AF Stedeford, Todd Zhao, Q. Jay Dourson, Michael L. Banasik, Marek Hsu, Ching-Hung TI The application of non-default uncertainty factors in the US EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Part I: UFL, UFS, and "Other uncertainty factors" SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE health assessment; reference values; risk assessment; safety values ID MACACA-MULATTA MONKEYS; NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE PARAMETERS; CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY; TO-CHRONIC EXTRAPOLATION; PCB AROCLOR-1254; METHYL-BROMIDE; TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; PREBREEDING PHASE; EXPOSURE; RATS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) includes hazard identification and dose-response assessment values developed by Agency scientists. Uncertainty factors (UFs) are used in the development of IRIS values to address the lack of information in five main areas. The standard UFs account for interspecies uncertainty (UFA) and intraspecies variability (UFH). The UFA addresses uncertainty related to the extrapolation of data from animals to humans, whereas the UFH addresses variability amongst individuals (i.e., intrahuman). Additional UFs have been employed to account for database incompleteness, extrapolations from a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level in the absence of a no-observed-adverse-effect level (UFL), and subchronic-to-chronic extrapolation (UFS). A sixth UF designated as "other uncertainty factors" (UFO) has also been applied in place of the UFL to account for uncertainty with the adversity of points of departure obtained using benchmark dose modeling. This review will discuss how UFL, UFS, and UFO have been applied in IRIS assessments, along with the rationale used to describe the choice of UF values that deviate from the standard default of 10. C1 [Stedeford, Todd; Hsu, Ching-Hung] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Integrated Risk Informat Syst, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zhao, Q. Jay; Dourson, Michael L.] Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Banasik, Marek] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, Warsaw, Poland. RP Hsu, CH (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, WP81-309, West Point, PA 19486 USA. EM chinghunghsu@yahoo.com NR 125 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL C JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. C-Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 245 EP 279 DI 10.1080/10590500701569430 PG 35 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 264DD UT WOS:000253264800003 PM 17763048 ER PT J AU Li, XD Zhang, J Yan, JH Cen, KF Ryan, SP Gullett, BK Lee, C AF Li Xiao-dong Zhang Ji Yan Jian-hua Cen Ke-fa Ryan Shawn P Gullett Brian K Lee Chunwai TI Experimental and modeling study of de novo formation of PCDD/PCDF on MSW fly ash SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PCDDs; PCDFs; de novo synthesis formation; chlorination model; sulfur dioxide; air pollution; waste; combustion ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; GAS-PHASE; COMBUSTION; CARBON; INCINERATORS; PCDD/FS AB The effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) has been studied in an entrained-flow reactor (EFR) under simulated waste combustion conditions. A chlorination model based on conditional probability was employed to evaluate the homologue patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs. Results revealed that the presence of SO2 did not alter the formation pathway although SO2 suppressed PCDD/F formation. The prediction model of PCDF showed good agreement with the experimental data (R = 0.95), whereas the prediction for PCDDs did not correlate well with the experimental data. This may be explained because potential chlorination pathways play a significant role in PCDF formation, whereas PCDDs are mainly formed through condensation reactions. Furthermore, the result indicated that the steric hindrance during formation has more effects on PCDD than on PCDF due to the symmetric molecular structures of PCDDs. C1 Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Clean Energy Utilizat, Inst Thermal Power Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Li, XD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Clean Energy Utilizat, Inst Thermal Power Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM lixd@cmee.zju.edu.cn NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60019-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 126DX UT WOS:000243493500019 PM 17913164 ER PT J AU Vesper, SJ McKinstry, C Haugland, RA Iossifova, Y LeMasters, G Levin, L Hershey, GKK Villareal, M Bernstein, DI Lockey, J Reponen, T AF Vesper, Stephen J. McKinstry, Craig Haugland, Richard A. Iossifova, Yulia LeMasters, Grace Levin, Linda Hershey, Gurjit K. Khurana Villareal, Manuel Bernstein, David I. Lockey, James Reponen, Tiina TI Relative moldiness index as predictor of childhood respiratory illness SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mold-specific quantitative PCR; mold; infants; wheezing; relative moldiness index ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; ASTHMA; SYMPTOMS; INFANTS; HOMES; FUNGI; WATER; DUST AB The results of a traditional visual mold inspection were compared to a mold evaluation based on the Relative Moldiness Index (RMI). The RMI is calculated from mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) measurements of the concentration of 36 species of molds in floor dust samples. These two prospective mold evaluations were used to classify the mold condition in 271 homes of infants. Later, the development of respiratory illness was measured in the infants living in these homes and the predictive value of each classification system was evaluated. The binary classification of homes as either moldy or non-moldy by on-site visual home inspection was not predictive of the development of respiratory illness (wheeze and/or rhinitis) (P = 0.27). Conversely, a method developed and validated in this paper, using the RMI index fit to a logistic function, can be used to predict the occurrence of illness in homes and allows stake-holders the choice among various levels of risk. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov OI Khurana Hershey, Gurjit/0000-0001-6663-977X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011170, R01 ES011170-06A2, R01 ES11170] NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500528 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 146JR UT WOS:000244930900012 PM 17033680 ER PT J AU Cook, R Strum, M Touma, JS Palma, T Thurman, J Ensley, D Smith, R AF Cook, Richard Strum, Madeleine Touma, Jawad S. Palma, Ted Thurman, James Ensley, Darrell Smith, Roy TI Inhalation exposure and risk from mobile source air toxics in future years SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure modeling; inhalation exposure; risk; air toxics; mobile sources ID HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS AB Modeling of inhalation exposure and risks resulting from exposure to mobile source air toxics can be used to evaluate impacts of reductions from control programs on overall risk, as well as changes in relative contributions of different source sectors to risk, changes in contributions of different pollutants to overall risk, and changes in geographic distributions of risk. Such analysis is useful in setting regulatory priorities, and informing the decision-making process. In this paper, we have conducted national-scale air quality, exposure, and risk modeling for the US in the years 2015, 2020, and 2030, using similar tools and methods as the 1999 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment. Our results suggest that US Environmental Protection Agency emission control programs will substantially reduce average inhalation cancer risks and potential noncancer health risks from exposure to mobile source air toxics. However, cancer risk and noncancer hazard due to inhalation of air toxics will continue to be a public health concern. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cook.rich@epa.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500529 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 146JR UT WOS:000244930900013 PM 17006436 ER PT J AU Niemi, GJ Kelly, JR Danz, NP AF Niemi, Gerald J. Kelly, John R. Danz, Nicholas P. TI Environmental indicators for the coastal region of the north American great lakes: Introduction and prospectus SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Great Lakes; disturbance; stressors; responses; watershed; integration ID LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; BASIN; WETLANDS; MARSHES; HABITAT AB The Great Lakes coastal region is a dynamic area at the interface between land and water. It is heavily influenced by the magnitude of the large lakes themselves, by natural abiotic and biotic processes in the watershed, and especially by human activity. This special issue contains a series of 21 papers that are organized into four major themes: 1) landscape characterization and coastal linkage, 2) integration, 3) indicator development, and 4) supporting information. The results of these papers emphasize that many environmental response signals are linked to their physio-biogeographic location in the basin and with human activity in coastal watersheds or in the immediate coastal margin. If lake levels continue to fluctuate and decline, if the climate continues to warm, if agricultural activity expands, if exotic species continue to invade, and if the human population density in the watershed increases, then environmental indicators of the Great Lakes coastal region reported here will point to,further degradation of water quality and native amphibian, bird, diatom, fish, macroinvertebrate, and wetland plant communities. These environmental indicators are benchmarks for the current conditions of the Great Lakes coastal region and provide measurable endpoints to assess the success of future management, conservation, protection, and restoration of this important resource. C1 [Niemi, Gerald J.; Danz, Nicholas P.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Niemi, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM gniemi@d.umn.edu NR 50 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 3 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[1:EIFTCR]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 287DD UT WOS:000254896200001 ER PT J AU Peterson, GS Sierszen, ME Yurista, PM Kelly, JR AF Peterson, Gregory S. Sierszen, Michael E. Yurista, Peder M. Kelly, John R. TI Stable nitrogen isotopes of plankton and benthos reflect a landscape-level influence on great lakes coastal ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; coastal habitat; stable nitrogen isotope; landscape disturbance gradient; plankton; benthos ID FRESH-WATER; SEASONAL-VARIATION; TROPHIC POSITION; FOOD-CHAINS; DELTA-N-15; INDICATORS; ENRICHMENT; N-15; BAY; EUTROPHICATION AB As populations and human activities increase in coastal watersheds, an understanding of the connections of aquatic ecosystems to the adjacent terrestrial landscape is necessary to identify, monitor, and protect vulnerable coastal habitats. This study investigates the relationships between land-use patterns and (delta N-15 values of aquatic organisms in coastal ecosystems, across a defined watershed gradient for the U.S. portion of the Great Lakes shoreline. delta N-15 measured in plankton and benthic invertebrates reflects a range of basin wide land-use gradients and demonstrates a strong connection between watershed-based anthropogenic activities and exposure in aquatic biota. For example, benthos a delta N-15 values range over 12 parts per thousand across sites in our study, but regression analyses suggest that over 50% of the variability is explained by the regional landscape. Further, multiple taxa at comparable trophic position showed similar patterns in relation to watershed-scale land use. Our results suggest that within the coastal environment, the expression of landscape in aquatic biota is stronger in habitats such as embayments and wetlands than open nearshore. These results support the use of delta N-15 in Great Lakes coastal biota as an exposure indicator of watershed-scale N loading. C1 [Peterson, Gregory S.; Sierszen, Michael E.; Yurista, Peder M.; Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Peterson, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM peterson.greg@epa.gov NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 3 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[27:SNIOPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 287DD UT WOS:000254896200003 ER PT J AU Brazner, JC Danz, NP Trebitz, AS Niemi, GJ Regal, RR Hollenhorst, T Host, GE Reavie, ED Brown, TN Hanowski, JM Johnston, CA Johnson, LB Howe, RW Ciborowski, JJH AF Brazner, John C. Danz, Nicolas P. Trebitz, Anett S. Niemi, Gerald J. Regal, Ronald R. Hollenhorst, Tom Host, George E. Reavie, Euan D. Brown, Terry N. Hanowski, JoAnn M. Johnston, Carol A. Johnson, Lucinda B. Howe, Robert W. Ciborowski, Jan J. H. TI Responsiveness of Great Lakes wetland indicators to human disturbances at multiple spatial scales: A multi-assemblage assessment SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE coastal wetlands; classification and regression trees; community; Great Lakes; multi-assemblage ID STREAM BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; FISH COMMUNITIES; HABITAT STRUCTURE; BIRD COMMUNITIES; SPECIES TRAITS; TROUT STREAMS; WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES AB Developing indicators of ecosystem condition is a priority in the Great Lakes, but little is known about appropriate spatial scales to characterize disturbance or response for most indicators. We surveyed birds, fish, amphibians, aquatic macroinvertebrates, wetland vegetation, and diatoms at 276 coastal wetland locations throughout the U.S. Great Lakes coastal region during 2002-2004. We assessed the responsiveness of 66 candidate indicators to human disturbance (agriculture, urban development, and point source contaminants) characterized at multiple spatial scales (100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 m buffers and whole watersheds) using classification and regression tree analysis (CART). Non-stressor covariables (lake, ecosection, watershed, and wetland area) accounted for a greater proportion of variance than disturbance variables. Row-crop agriculture and urban development, especially at larger spatial scales, were about equally influential and were more explanatory than a contaminant stress index (CSI). The CSI was an important predictor for diatom indicators only. Stephanodiscoid diatoms and nest-guarding fish were identified as two of the most promising indicators of row-crop agriculture, while Ambloplites rupestris (fish) and Aeshna (dragonflies) were two of the strongest indicators of urban development. Across all groups of taxa and spatial scales, fish indicators were most responsive to the combined influence of row-crop and urban development. Our results suggest it will be critical to account for the influence of potentially important non-stressor covariables before assessing the strength of indicator responses to disturbance. Moreover, identifying the appropriate scale to characterize disturbance will be necessary for many indicators, especially when urban development is the primary disturbance. C1 [Brazner, John C.; Trebitz, Anett S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Danz, Nicolas P.; Niemi, Gerald J.; Regal, Ronald R.; Hollenhorst, Tom; Host, George E.; Reavie, Euan D.; Brown, Terry N.; Hanowski, JoAnn M.; Johnson, Lucinda B.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Johnston, Carol A.] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Biocomplexity Studies, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Howe, Robert W.] Univ Wisconsin, Cofrin Ctr Biodivers, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. [Ciborowski, Jan J. H.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Brazner, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM johnbrazner@eastlink.ca RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012; OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368; Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048; Reavie, Euan/0000-0001-8871-5809 NR 120 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 64 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 3 BP 42 EP 66 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[42:ROGLWI]2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 287DD UT WOS:000254896200004 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Brazner, JC Cotter, AM Knuth, ML Morrice, JA Peterson, GS Sierszen, ME Thompson, JA Kelly, JR AF Trebitz, Anett S. Brazner, John C. Cotter, Anne M. Knuth, Michael L. Morrice, John A. Peterson, Gregory S. Sierszen, Michael E. Thompson, Jo A. Kelly, John R. TI Water quality in great lakes coastal wetlands: Basin-wide patterns and responses to an anthropogenic disturbance gradient SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; coastal wetlands; water quality; nutrients; agriculture impacts ID LAND-USE; HYDROLOGY; SEDIMENT; DETERMINANTS; VARIABILITY; INDICATORS; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; MARSHES; HABITAT AB We present water quality data from 58 coastal wetlands, sampled as part of a larger effort investigating effects of nutrient enrichment and habitat disruption in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Our sampling design selected sites from across a gradient of agricultural intensity within combinations of biogeographic ecoprovince and wetland hydromorphic type and captured a large range in water quality. Levels of total nutrients (N and P), and various measures of particulate concentration, water clarity, and ionic strength were strongly associated with agricultural intensity in the watershed, and could be effectively aggregated into an overall principal component-based water quality descriptor. Lake Erie wetlands had the highest nutrient levels and lowest water clarity, while wetlands in Lakes Superior and Huron had the lowest nutrient levels and clearest water. Lake Ontario wetlands had clearer water than would be expected from their nutrient levels and position on the agricultural intensity gradient. Dissolved oxygen, silica, pH, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were independent of agricultural intensity but DOC was responsible for low water clarity in some Lake Superior wetlands. Simple classification by hydromorphic type (riverine or protected) did not explain water quality differences among wetlands exposed to similar agricultural intensity levels, so finer hydrologic classification may be desirable. Results are used as a basis for discussing research and information needs underlying development of water quality criteria and monitoring programs for coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes. C1 [Trebitz, Anett S.; Cotter, Anne M.; Knuth, Michael L.; Morrice, John A.; Peterson, Gregory S.; Sierszen, Michael E.; Thompson, Jo A.; Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Brazner, John C.] Inland Waters Inst, Herring Cove, NS B3V 1G6, Canada. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2007 VL 33 SI 3 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[67:WQIGLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 287DD UT WOS:000254896200005 ER PT J AU McAnally, WH Friedrichs, C Hamilton, D Hayter, E Shrestha, P Rodriguez, H Sheremet, A Teeter, A AF McAnally, William H. Friedrichs, Carl Hamilton, Douglas Hayter, Earl Shrestha, Parmeshwar Rodriguez, Hugo Sheremet, Alexandru Teeter, Allen CA ASCE Task Comm Manag Flu TI Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. I: Present state of understanding on character and behavior SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE sediment; mud; estuaries; bays; lakes ID DRIVEN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SHELF; AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SUBTROPICAL LAKE; ORGANIC-CARBON; RIVER MOUTHS; NEW-GUINEA; SUSPENSIONS; WAVES AB Fluid mud is a high concentration aqueous suspension of fine-grained sediment in which settling is substantially hindered. It constitutes a significant management problem in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and shelves by impeding navigation, reducing water quality and damaging equipment. Fluid mud accumulations have been observed in numerous locations worldwide, including Savannah Harbor, U.S., the Severn Estuary, U.K., and the Amazon River Delta, Brazil. This paper describes the present state of knowledge on fluid mud characteristics, processes, and modeling. Fluid mud consists of water, clay-sized particles, and organic material and displays a variety of theological behaviors ranging from elastic to pseudo-plastic. It forms by three principle mechanisms: (1) the rate of sediment aggregation and settling into the near-bottom layer exceeds the dewatering rate of the suspension; (2) soft sediment beds fluidized by wave agitation; and (3) convergence of horizontally advected suspensions. Once formed, fluid mud is transported vertically by entrainment and horizontally by shear flows, gravity, and streaming. If not resuspended, it slowly consolidates to form bed material. Quantitative relationships have been formulated for key fluid mud formation and movement mechanisms, but they rely on empirical coefficients that are often site- or situation-specific and are not generally transferable. Research to define general relationships is needed. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. Exponent Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 87 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(9) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 119TS UT WOS:000243037100002 ER PT J AU McAnally, WH Teeter, A Schoellhamer, D Friedrichs, C Hamilton, D Hayter, E Shrestha, P Rodriguez, H Sheremet, A Kirby, R AF McAnally, William H. Teeter, Allen Schoellhamer, David Friedrichs, Carl Hamilton, Douglas Hayter, Earl Shrestha, Parmeshwar Rodriguez, Hugo Sheremet, Alexandru Kirby, Robert CA ASCE Task Comm Manag Fl TI Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Review DE sediment; mud; estuaries; bays; lakes; measurement; models ID SUSPENDED COHESIVE SEDIMENT; AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NON-LINEAR CONSOLIDATION; ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY; HOMOGENEOUS LAYERS; SATURATED CLAYS; NONLINEAR MODEL; WATER-WAVES; TRANSPORT; BED AB Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning Of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples-the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor-illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid Mud. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. Exponent Inc, Menlo Pk, CA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 110 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(23) PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 119TS UT WOS:000243037100003 ER PT J AU Cohen, MD Sisco, M Prophete, C Chen, LC Zelikoff, JT Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, JD Smee, JJ Holder, AA Crans, DC AF Cohen, Mitchell D. Sisco, Maureen Prophete, Colette Chen, Lung-chi Zelikoff, Judith T. Ghio, Andrew J. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline D. Smee, Jason J. Holder, Alvin A. Crans, Debbie C. TI Pulmonary immunotoxic potentials of metals are governed by select physicochemical properties: Vanadium agents SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vanadium; listeria; dipic; bacterial clearance ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; RAT LUNG; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY; IRON HOMEOSTASIS; OXIDATION-STATES; VANADATE; EXPRESSION; COMPLEXES; CELLS AB The in situ reactions of metal ions/complexes are important in understanding the mechanisms by which environmental and occupational metal particles alter lung immune responses. A better understanding of these reactions in situ will also allow for the improved specificity and controlled toxicity of novel metallo-compounds to be used as inhaled diagnostics or therapeutics. Our previous work showed that inhalation of metals (e.g., chromium, vanadium, nickel) caused altered lung immune cell function and host resistance. The data also suggested that the degree of immunomodulation induced depended not only on the amount of metal deposited, but also the compound used. If specificity governs pulmonary immunomodulatory potential, it follows that physicochemical properties inherent to the metal have a role in the elicited effects. We hypothe-size that major determinants of any metal compound's potential are its redox behavior, valency (generally referred to as oxidation state and considered speciation in chemical literature), and/or solubility. In accord with the extensive work carried out with vanadium (chemical symbol V) compounds showing the importance of form used, differences in potential for a range of V agents (pentavalent [V-V] insoluble vanadium pentoxide and soluble sodium metavanadate, tetravalent [V-IV] vanadyl dipicolinate, and trivalent [V-III] bis(dipicolinato)vanadium) were quantified based on induced changes in local bacterial resistance after host inhalation of each agent at 100 mu g V/m(3) (5 hr/d for 5 d). Differences in effect between V-V forms indicated that solubility was a critical property in in situ pulmonary immunotoxicity. Among the soluble forms, oxidizing vanadate had the greatest impact on resistance; reducing V-III altered resistance to a lesser extent. Both the V-IV and insoluble V-V had no effect. When data was analyzed in the context of pre-infection lung V burdens, soluble V agents with different oxidation states induced varying responses, supporting the hypothesis that differences in immunomodulatory potential might be attributed to redox behavior or valency. Our findings both provide a basis for understanding why some metals could be a greater health risk than others (when encountered in equal amounts) and will assist in the design of inhalable metallopharmaceuticals by allowing researchers to preempt selection of certain metal ions or complexes for use in such products. C1 [Cohen, Mitchell D.; Sisco, Maureen; Prophete, Colette; Chen, Lung-chi; Zelikoff, Judith T.] NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smee, Jason J.; Holder, Alvin A.; Crans, Debbie C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cohen, MD (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM cohenm@env.med.nyu.edu; crans@lamar.colostate.edu RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; Holder, Alvin/B-6329-2016; OI Holder, Alvin/0000-0001-9618-5297; Chen, Lung Chi/0000-0003-1154-2107 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1080/15476910601119350 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 300KH UT WOS:000255822200005 PM 18958712 ER PT J AU Faucette, SR Zhang, TC Moore, R Sueyoshi, T Omiecinski, CJ LeCluyse, EL Negishi, M Wang, HB AF Faucette, Stephanie R. Zhang, Tong-Cun Moore, Rick Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Omiecinski, Curtis J. LeCluyse, Edward L. Negishi, Masahiko Wang, Hongbing TI Relative activation of human pregnane X receptor versus constitutive androstane receptor defines distinct classes of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 inducers SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID REPORTER GENE ASSAY; DISTAL ENHANCER MODULE; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION; CYTOCHROME P4502B6; INDUCTION; CAR; EXPRESSION; CARBAMAZEPINE AB Both the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR) are capable of regulating CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 gene expression. However, the majority of currently identified CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 inducers are confirmed activators of hPXR but not hCAR. To compare these receptors with respect to their chemical selectivities, 16 drugs known to induce CYP3A4 and/or CYP2B expression were evaluated for relative activation of hPXR versus hCAR. Because of the high basal but low chemical-induced activation of hCAR in immortalized cells, alternative methods were used to evaluate hCAR activation potential. Thirteen of the 16 compounds were classified as moderate to strong hPXR activators. In contrast, carbamazepine (CMZ), efavirenz (EFV), and nevirapine (NVP) were classified as negligible or weak hPXR activators at concentrations associated with efficacious CYP2B6 reporter or endogenous gene induction in primary human hepatocytes, suggesting potential activation of hCAR. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that these three drugs efficiently induced nuclear accumulation of in vivo-transfected enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-hCAR and significantly increased expression of a CYP2B6 reporter gene when hCAR was expressed in CAR(-/-) mice. In addition, using a recently identified, chemically responsive splice variant of hCAR (hCAR3), the hCAR activation profiles of the 16 compounds were evaluated. By combining results from the hPXR- and hCAR3-based reporter gene assays, these inducers were classified as hPXR, hCAR, or hPXR/hCAR dual activators. Our results demonstrate that CMZ, EFV, and NVP induce CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 preferentially through hCAR and that hCAR3 represents a sensitive tool for in vitro prediction of chemical-mediated human CAR activation. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Mol Pharmaceut, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Pharmacogenet Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Mol Toxicol & Carcinogenesis, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CellzDirect Inc, Pittsboro, NC USA. RP Wang, HB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hwang@rx.umaryland.edu OI LeCluyse, Edward/0000-0002-2149-8990 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK061652, R01 DK061652]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066411] NR 38 TC 172 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 320 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.112136 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 119ER UT WOS:000242995600009 PM 17041008 ER PT J AU Schwab, KA Warden, D Lux, WE Shupenko, LA Zitnay, G AF Schwab, Karen A. Warden, Deborah Lux, Warren E. Shupenko, Leslie A. Zitnay, George TI Defense and veterans brain injury center: Peacetime and wartime missions SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEAD-INJURY; US ARMY; CONCUSSION; REHABILITATION; AFGHANISTAN; WOUNDS; TRENDS; IRAQ; TBI C1 [Schwab, Karen A.; Warden, Deborah; Shupenko, Leslie A.] Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Schwab, Karen A.; Warden, Deborah] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lux, Warren E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zitnay, George] Laurel Highlands Neurorehabil, Johnstown, PA USA. RP Schwab, KA (reprint author), Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM karen.schwab@na.amedd.army.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP XIII EP XXI PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 253NL UT WOS:000252524800002 PM 18075946 ER PT J AU Lux, WE AF Lux, Warren E. TI A neuropsychiatric perspective on traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; cognition; depression; diffuse axonal injury; executive function; frontal lobes; mood; neuropsychiatry; rehabilitation; self-awareness; traumatic brain injury ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLE-ACETIC ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; EARLY INTERVENTION; REHABILITATION; CONSCIOUSNESS; DEPRESSION; LESIONS AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to closed mechanisms causes strain injuries to axons that increase in number and severity as injury severity increases. Axons that project up from the brain stem are vulnerable, even in milder concussive injuries, and include axons that participate in key monoaminergic pathways. Although called diffuse axonal injury, the supratentorial injury component typically shows an anterior preponderance in humans. As the injury forces increase, cerebral contusions may be superimposed on the axonal strain injuries, and these contusions show an anterior preponderance as well. The chronic neuropsychiatric manifestations of TBI reflect this injury distribution. In the cognitive sphere, these manifestations almost always include power function disturbances marked by difficulties with cognitive processing speed, multi-tasking, and cognitive endurance. These disturbances may then be followed by disturbances in executive function and self-awareness as injury severity increases. In the behavioral sphere, mood disturbances and disorders of behavioral control and regulation are particularly common. C1 [Lux, Warren E.] US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lux, Warren E.] Georgetown Univ, Ctr Clin Bioeth, Washington, DC USA. RP Lux, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8105R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lux.warren@epa.gov NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 7 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 951 EP 961 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2007.01.0009 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 253NL UT WOS:000252524800008 PM 18075952 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Sreekrishnan, TR Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Verma, Mausam Brar, Satinder K. Sreekrishnan, T. R. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Dimensionless groups as scale-up parameter for wastewater and wastewater sludge treatment in a stirred tank reactor SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN MASS-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS AB Scale-up of a biological process can be carried out by utilizing several techniques depending upon the specific requirements. For instance, a mathematical modeling would be highly recommended if it is feasible to define the physics of a process by a mathematical equation. Likewise, a statistical model is recommended, if the mutual interactions of process parameters are difficult to explain based on theoretical ground. On the other hand, dimensional analysis could provide "scale-invariant" tool for reliable scale-up, if the mathematical formulation of the physical process is dimensionally homogenous. In this study, process parameters have been examined for determination of the best set of dimensionless group for municipal wastewater and wastewater sludge treatment in a stirred tank reactor. The relevance list generated following relationship among volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a), and other operational parameters. k(L)a/N=(mu dN/sigma)(beta)(dN(2)/g)(epsilon)(Nd-2/D-L)(phi) The ratio, k(L)a/N was defined as mass transfer number. The study utilized data from bench scale stirred tank reactor operations on wastewater sludge using Bacillus sp. as inoculum culture under aerobic conditions. Considering the greater dependency of the process on aeration and agitation, the results of 15 I stirred tank reactors were selected to determine the most important relationship between k(L)a and other operational parameters. On analyses of 15 I bioreactor results, the scale-up criteria suggested by this dimensional analysis proved to be a successful attempt. Thus the future experimentation on a higher scale reactor would be feasible. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biochem Engn & Biotechnol, New Delhi 110016, India. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 138JE UT WOS:000244358100005 ER PT J AU Vanderpool, RW Byrd, LA Wiener, RW Hunike, ET Labickas, M Leston, AR Tolocka, MP McElroy, FF Murdoch, RW Natarajan, S Noble, CA Peters, TM AF Vanderpool, Robert W. Byrd, Lee A. Wiener, Russell W. Hunike, Elizabeth T. Labickas, Michael Leston, Alan R. Tolocka, Michael P. McElroy, Frank F. Murdoch, Robert W. Natarajan, Sanjay Noble, Christopher A. Peters, Thomas M. TI Laboratory and field evaluation of crystallized DOW 704 oil on the performance of the well impactor ninety-six fine particulate matter fractionator SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMPACTION SURFACES; DESIGN; CALIBRATION; BOUNCE AB d Subsequent to the 1997 promulgation of the Federal Reference Method (FRM) for monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received reports that the DOW 704 diffusion oil used in the method's Well Impactor Ninety-Six (WINS) fractionator would occasionally crystallize during field use, particularly under wintertime conditions. Although the frequency of occurrence on a nationwide basis was low, uncertainties existed as to whether crystallization of the DOW 704 oil may adversely affect a sampling event's data quality. In response to these concerns, EPA and the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection jointly conducted a series of specialized tests to determine whether crystallized oil adversely affected the performance of the WINS fractionator. In the laboratory, an experimental setup used dry ice to artificially induce crystallization of the diffusion oil under controlled conditions. Using primary polystyrene latex calibration aerosols, standard size-selective performance tests of the WINS fractionator showed that neither the position nor the shape of the WINS particle size fractionation curve was substantially influenced by the crystallization of the DOW 704 oil. No large particle bounce from the crystallized impaction surface was observed. During wintertime field tests, crystallization of the DOW 704 oil did not adversely affect measured PM,., concentrations. Regression of measurements with crystallized DOW 704 versus liquid dioctyl sebacate (DOS) oil produced slope, intercept, and RZ values of 0.98, 0.1, and 0.997 mu g/m(3), respectively. Additional field tests validated the use of DOS as an effective impaction substrate. As a result of these laboratory and field tests, DOS oil has been approved by EPA as a substitute for DOW 704 oil. Since the field deployment of DOS oil in 2001, users of this alternative oil have not reported any operational problems associated with its use in the PM2.5 FRM. Limited field evaluation of the BGI very sharp cut cyclone indicates that it provides a viable alternative to the WINS fractionator. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. State Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Hartford, CT USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Vanderpool, RW (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-D205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM vanderpool.robert@epa.gov RI Tolocka, Michael/C-7800-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 14 EP 30 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124EC UT WOS:000243349300004 PM 17269226 ER PT J AU Peddada, S Haseman, J AF Peddada, Shyamal Haseman, Joe TI Tests for a simple tree order restriction with application to dose-response studies - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Peddada, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM peddada@niehs.nih.gov RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-9254 J9 J ROY STAT SOC C-APP JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat. PY 2007 VL 56 BP 494 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2007.00589_2.x PN 4 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 209YI UT WOS:000249423500009 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Nelson, RJ AF Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Nelson, Randy J. TI An environmental androgen, 17 beta-trenbolone, affects delayed-type hypersensitivity and reproductive tissues in male mice SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID STEROIDS; DISEASES AB Recently, a growth promoter for farm animals, trenbolone acetate, was identified as an environmental androgen that potentially affects reproduction. Because androgens also suppress immunity, it was hypothesized that an active metabolite of trenbolone acetate, 17 beta-trenbolone (TB), might impair immune responses. Castrated adult CD-1 mice were injected daily with either one of two different doses of 17 beta-trenbolone (TB), testosterone propionate (TP), or corn oil (vehicle). The antigen-specific immune response was assessed by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. Reproductive response was assessed by measuring reproductive tissue mass and determining testosterone concentrations. Mice treated with TB or TP displayed larger reproductive tissue mass than males treated with corn oil. Furthermore, males exposed to the highest dose of TB displayed a reduced DTH response compared to vehicle-treated animals. In comparison, TP, at a similar dose, only minimally reduced the DTH response. These data support the reproductive and potentially immunosuppressive effects of this environmental androgen, and raise the possibility of health concerns for individuals or populations in contact with high concentrations of TB. C1 Ohio State Univ, Inst Behav Med Res, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Inst Behav Med Res, Dept Neurosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hotchkiss, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL MD72, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hotchkiss.andrew@epa.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 57760] NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 138 EP 140 DI 10.1080/15287390600755091 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 148TN UT WOS:000245097600006 PM 17365574 ER PT J AU Chung, YJ Farraj, A Coates, NH Gavett, SH Ward, MDW AF Chung, Yong Joo Farraj, Aimen Coates, Najwa Haykal Gavett, Stephen H. Ward, Marsha D. W. TI Increased neurotrophin production in a Penicillium chrysogenum-induced allergic asthma model in mice SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; BIOPESTICIDE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; MAST-CELLS; RESPONSES; INFLAMMATION; EOSINOPHILS; EXPRESSION AB Neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin (NT)-3, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many features and symptoms of asthma. The role of neurotrophins in fungal allergic asthma, however, is unknown. Repeated pulmonary challenge with Penicillium chrysogenum extract (PCE) induces dose-dependent allergic asthma-like responses in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether neurotrophins are involved in the PCE-induced allergic airway response in mice. Mice were exposed to 10, 20, 50, or 70 mu g PCE by involuntary aspiration 4 times over 1 mo. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected immediately before and after the final exposure. The levels of NGF, NT-3, and NT-4 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lungs were fixed and processed for immunohistochemical examination of NGF production. PCE-exposed mice had dose-dependent increases in NGF, NT-3, and NT-4 in both BALF and sera. Exposures to PCE produced elevation in positive immunohistochemical staining for NGF in the airway epithelium and smooth muscle cells, in addition to infiltrated cells such as mononuclear cells, eosinophils, and macrophages. Taken together, this is the first study to link fungal allergic asthma in an experimental model with enhanced production of neurotrophins in the airways, and suggests that neurotrophins may play a role in the etiology of mold-induced asthma in humans. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chung, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 T W Alexander Dr,MD 143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chung.yongjoo@epa.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11-12 BP 1020 EP 1026 DI 10.1080/15287390601172023 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 169GG UT WOS:000246580100020 PM 17497413 ER PT J AU Mazur, CS Kenneke, JF Tebes-Stevens, C Okino, MS Lipscomb, JC AF Mazur, Christopher S. Kenneke, John F. Tebes-Stevens, Caroline Okino, Miles S. Lipscomb, John C. TI In vitro metabolism of the fungicide and environmental contaminant trans-bromuconazole and implications for risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC MICROSOMES; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES; INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; DRUG DISCOVERY; SOUTH-AFRICA; RAT; INHIBITION; BINDING; LIVER AB trans -Bromuconazole is a chiral chemical representative of a class of triazole derivatives known to inhibit specific fungal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) reactions. Kinetic measurements and delineation of metabolic pathways for triazole chemicals within in vitro hepatic microsomes are needed for accurate risk assessment and predictive in vivo physiological modeling. The studies described here were conducted with rat liver microsomes to determine Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetic parameters (V-max and K-M) for trans-bromuconazole using both substrate depletion and product formation reaction velocities. Kinetic parameters determined for trans -bromuconazole depletion at varying protein levels incubated at physiological temperature 37 degrees C resulted in a K-M value of 1.69 mu M and a V-max value of 1:398 pmol/min/mg protein. The concomitant linear formation of two metabolites identified using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ MS-TOF) and LC-MS/MS indicated hydroxylation of the trans-bromuconazole dichlorophenyl ring moiety. Km values determined for the hydroxylated metabolites were 0.87 and 1.03 mu m, with V-max values of 449 and 694. pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Chemical inhibition assays and studies conducted with individual purified human recombinant enzymes indicated the CYP3A subfamily was primarily responsible for biotransformation of the parent substrate. Additionally, trans-bromuconazole was found to undergo stereoselective metabolism as evidenced by a change in the enantiomeric ratio (trans-/trans +) with respect to time. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposur & Atmospher Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mazur, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mazur.chris@epa.gov NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 13-14 BP 1241 EP 1250 DI 10.1080/15287390701380914 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 182TU UT WOS:000247527700017 PM 17573638 ER PT J AU Ferguson, LJC Lebetkin, EH Lih, FB Tomer, KB Parkinson, HD Borghoff, SJ Burka, LT AF Ferguson, Ling-Jen Chen Lebetkin, Edward H. Lih, Fred B. Tomer, Kenneth B. Parkinson, Horace D. Borghoff, Susan J. Burka, Leo T. TI C-14-labeled pulegone and metabolites binding to alpha 2u-globulin in kidneys of male F-344 rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MONOTERPENE KETONE; MENTHOFURAN; (R)-(+)-PULEGONE; HEPATOTOXICITY; R-(+)-PULEGONE; MOUSE; OIL; NEPHROTOXICITY; PEPPERMINT; PROTEINS AB Pulegone is a major constituent of pennyroyal oil and a minor component of peppermint oil. Pulegone is biotransformed to menthofuran and menthones ( diastereomeric menthone and isomenthone) in pennyroyal and peppermint as well as in rodents. Pulegone and menthofuran are hepatotoxic to rodents, and menthones are less toxic. The metabolism and disposition of pulegone and menthofuran were previously studied in rodents, and higher concentrations of pulegone- and menthofuran-derived radioactivity were observed in male than female rat kidney. One explanation is the association of pulegone and metabolites with a male rat-specific protein, alpha 2u-globulin. To test this hypothesis, male and female rats were dosed orally with C-14-labeled pulegone (80 mg/kg, 120 mu Ci/kg) or menthofuran (60 mg/kg, 120 mu Ci/kg) or menthones (80 mg/kg, 120 mu Ci/ kg) in corn oil, and the kidney cytosol was prepared 24 h after dosing. An equilibrium dialysis experiment showed that in all three studies the radioactivity was associated with kidney cytosol proteins of male but not female rats. The chemicals present in the male rat kidney cytosol after dialysis were extracted with dichloromethane and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All parent compounds were detected, and the metabolites characterized included piperitone from pulegone or menthones treatment, menthones and possibly 8-hydroxymenthones from pulegone treatment, and mintlactones (diastereomeric mintlactone and isomintlactone) and 7a-hydroxy-mintlactone from menthofuran treatment. Analysis of the male rat kidney cytosol by a gel filtration column demonstrated that the retention was due to reversible binding of these chemicals with the male rat-specific protein alpha 2u-globulin. However, binding of pulegone and/or metabolites to alpha 2u-globulin did not produce accumulation of this protein in the kidney. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ferguson, LJC (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrestr Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM ljferguson@lrri.org RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 17 BP 1416 EP 1423 DI 10.1080/15287390701382720 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 206OI UT WOS:000249192400002 PM 17687727 ER PT J AU Yoon, MY Madden, MC Barton, HA AF Yoon, Miyoung Madden, Michael C. Barton, Hugh A. TI Extrahepatic metabolism by CYP2E1 in PBPK modeling of lipophilic volatile organic chemicals: Impacts on metabolic parameter estimation and prediction of dose metrics SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; VINYL-CHLORIDE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; RAT-LIVER; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; CANCER-RISK; HUMAN LUNG AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are increasingly available for environmental chemicals and applied in risk assessments. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important pollutants in air, soil, and water. CYP2E1 metabolically activates many VOCs in animals and humans. Despite its presence in extrahepatic tissues, the metabolism by CYP2E1 is often described as restricted to the liver in PBPK models, unless target tissue dose metrics in extrahepatic tissues are needed for the model application, including risk assessment. The impact of accounting for extrahepatic metabolism by CYP2E1 on the estimation of metabolic parameters and the prediction of dose metrics was evaluated for three lipophilic VOCs: vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride. Metabolic parameters estimated from fitting gas uptake data with and without extrahepatic metabolism were similar. The impact of extrahepatic metabolism on PBPK predictions was evaluated using inhalation exposure scenarios relevant for animal toxicity studies and human risk assessment. Although small, the relative role of extrahepatic metabolism and the differences in the predicted dose metrics were greater at low exposure concentrations. The impact was species dependent and influenced by Km for CYP2E1. The current study indicates that inhalation modeling for several representative VOCs that are CYP2E1 substrates is not affected by the inclusion of extrahepatic metabolism, implying that liver-only metabolism may be a reasonable simplification for PBPK modeling of lipophilic VOCs. The PBPK predictions using this assumption can be applied confidently for risk assessment, but this conclusion should not necessarily be applied to VOCs that are metabolized by other enzymes. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, B205-1,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 18 BP 1527 EP 1541 DI 10.1080/15287390701384684 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 206OK UT WOS:000249192600004 PM 17710613 ER PT J AU Mahle, DA Gearhart, JM Grigsby, CC Mattie, DR Barton, HA Lipscomb, JC Cook, RS AF Mahle, Deirdre A. Gearhart, Jeffery M. Grigsby, Claude C. Mattie, David R. Barton, Hugh A. Lipscomb, John C. Cook, Robert S. TI Age-dependent partition coefficients for a mixture of volatile organic solvents in Sprague-Dawley rats and humans SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL IMPACT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; CHEMICALS; BLOOD; VARIABILITY; ANESTHETICS; SOLUBILITY; MODELS AB The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are critically determined by a few chemical-specific factors, notably their blood and tissue partition coefficients (PC) and metabolism. Age-specific values for PCs in rats have rarely been reported or utilized in pharmacokinetic modeling for predicting dosimetry in toxicity studies with rats progressing through their lifestages. A mixture of six VOCs (benzene, chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene) was used to determine blood: air and tissue: air PCs in rats at three different ages (postnatal d 10, 60 d, and 2 yr) and blood: air PCs in pediatric and adult human blood. No differences with age in human blood: air PCs for the six compounds were observed. Rat blood: air PCs increased with age varying with compound. Tissue: air PCs showed tissue-specific changes with age. Water-soluble methyl ethyl ketone showed no age-dependent differences. Partition coefficients, particularly the blood: air PC, are key determinants of the rodent and human blood concentrations; age-appropriate values improve the accuracy of pharmacokinetic model predictions of population variability and age-specific exposures. C1 AFRL, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assesment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mahle, DA (reprint author), AFRL, HEPB, 2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM deirdre.mahle@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 20 BP 1745 EP 1751 DI 10.1080/15287390701458991 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 215CI UT WOS:000249785500005 PM 17885931 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Oshiro, WM Samsam, TE Klinger, R AF Bushnell, Philip J. Oshiro, Wendy M. Samsam, Tracey E. Klinger, Robert TI The role of physical activity and feeding schedule on the kinetics of inhaled and oral toluene in rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED OPERANT-BEHAVIOR; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; INHALATION; BLOOD; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; RELEVANCE; ATTENTION; SIGNALS AB Published studies of the kinetics of toluene in rats have shown that its concentration in the blood rises during inhalation and falls after exposure stops; a similar uptake profile and longer persistence in blood typify the kinetics after oral exposure. Because rats in these studies are typically inactive during exposure, and behavioral tests of the acute effects of toluene require physical activity and altered feeding schedules, this study examined the role of physical activity and feeding status on the uptake of toluene given by the two routes. Two groups of adult male Long- Evans rats were conditioned to eat in the lab during the day. A group of " conditioned- active" ( C- A) rats performed a lever- pressing task ( LPT) for 1 h, either while inhaling toluene vapor ( 2000 ppm) or after a gavage dose ( 800 mg/ kg toluene in corn oil). Another group of " conditioned- sedentary" ( C- S) rats was dosed similarly but did not perform the LPT. A third group of " home cage" ( HC) rats was not conditioned to eat during the day, but was maintained under typical laboratory conditions ( eating at night in the home cage) before receiving toluene by gavage. In the conditioned rats, physical activity during inhalation exposure increased the concentrations of toluene in blood ( from 35.8 +/- 2.5 to 45.2 +/- 3.2 mg/ L after 60 min) and brain ( from 73.4 +/- 5.3 to 103.0 +/- 3.8 mg/ L after 60 min), but did not affect those concentrations after oral toluene. The time course of the uptake of toluene into blood and brain of HC rats followed that of published data. In contrast, toluene concentrations in the blood and brain of orally dosed conditioned rats fell rapidly compared to HC rats and published data ( at 60 min after dosing, blood concentrations were: C- S rats, 17.2 +/- 1.7 mg/ L; HC rats, 69.4 +/- 9.6 mg/ L; and brain concentrations were: C- S rats, 30.9 +/- 5.0 mg/ L; HC rats, 96.6 +/- 18.5 mg/ L). These studies demonstrate the importance of physical activity for the uptake of inhaled toluene, and the importance of feeding conditions for the elimination of oral toluene. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 21 BP 1806 EP 1814 DI 10.1080/15287390701459155 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 225KP UT WOS:000250517100004 PM 17934953 ER PT J AU Knuckles, TL Dreher, KL AF Knuckles, Travis L. Dreher, Kevin L. TI Fine oil combustion particle bioavailable constituents induce molecular profiles of oxidative stress, altered function, and cellular injury in cardiomyocytes SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; FLY-ASH; TRANSITION-METALS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DAILY MORTALITY; BLOOD MARKERS; EXPOSURE; MATTER AB Epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between exposure to air particulate matter ( PM) pollution and adverse cardiovascular health effects in susceptible subpopulations such as those with pre- existing cardiovascular disease. The mechanism( s) through which pulmonary deposited PM, particularly fine PM2.5, PM with mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mu m, affects the cardiovascular system is currently not known and remains a major focus of investigation. In the present study, the transcriptosome and transcription factor proteome were examined in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte ( RCM) cultures, following an acute exposure to bioavailable constituents of PM2.5 oil combustion particles designated residual oil fly ash leachate ( ROFA- L). Out of 3924 genes examined, 38 genes were suppressed and 44 genes were induced following a 1- h exposure to 3.5 mu g/ ml of a particle- free leachate of ROFA ( ROFA- L). Genomic alterations in pathways related to IGF- 1, VEGF, IL- 2, PI3/ AKT, cardiovascular disease, and free radical scavenging, among others, were detected 1 h postexposure to ROFA- L. Global gene expression was altered in a manner consistent with cardiac myocyte electrophysiological remodeling, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ROFA- L altered the transcription factor proteome by suppressing activity of 24 and activating 40 transcription factors out of a total of 149. Genomic alterations were found to correlate with changes in transcription factor proteome. These acute changes indicate pathological molecular alterations, which may lead to possible chronic alterations to the cardiac myocyte. These data also potentially relate underlying cardiovascular effects from occupational exposure to ROFA and identify how particles from specific emission sources may mediate ambient PM cardiac effects. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Dreher, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Dreher.Kevin@epa.gov NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 21 BP 1824 EP 1837 DI 10.1080/15287390701459213 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 225KP UT WOS:000250517100006 PM 17934955 ER PT J AU Wallenborn, JG Schladweiler, MC Nyska, A Johnson, JA Thomas, R Jaskot, RH Richards, JH Ledbetter, AD Kodavanti, UP AF Wallenborn, J. Grace Schladweiler, Mette C. Nyska, Abraham Johnson, Jo Anne Thomas, Ronald Jaskot, Richard H. Richards, Judy H. Ledbetter, Allen D. Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Cardiopulmonary responses of Wistar kyoto, spontaneously hypertensive, and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats to particulate matter (PM) exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID OIL FLY-ASH; NADP(+)-DEPENDENT ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; COMBUSTION-DERIVED PARTICLES; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PULMONARY RESPONSES; MODEL; APOPTOSIS; DAMAGE AB Humans with underlying cardiovascular disease, including stroke, are more susceptible to ambient particulate matter ( PM)induced morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) would be more susceptible than healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats to PM-induced cardiac oxidative stress and pulmonary injury. We further postulated that PM-induced injury would be greater in SHRSP than in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) based on the greater disease severity in SHRSP than SHR. First, male WKY and SHRSP were intratracheally ( IT) instilled with saline or 1.11, 3.33, or 8.33 mg/kg of oil combustion PM and responses were analyzed 4 or 24 h later. Second, SHR and SHRSP were IT instilled with saline or 3.33 or 8.33 mg/kg of the same PM and responses were analyzed 24 h later. Pulmonary injury and inflammation were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and cardiac markers in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. BALF neutrophilic inflammatory response was induced similarly in all strains following PM exposure. BALF protein leakage, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities, but not lactate dehydrogenase activity, were exacerbated in SHRSP compared to WKY or SHR. Pulmonary cytosolic and cardiac mitochondrial ferritin levels decreased, and cardiac cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in SHRSP only. Pulmonary SOD activity decreased in WKY and SHRSP. Cardiac mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity decreased in PM-exposed WKY and SHR; control levels were lower in SHRSP than SHR or WKY. In summary, strain-related differences exist in pulmonary protein leakage and oxidative stress markers. PM-induced changes in cardiac oxidative stress sensitive enzymes are small, and appear only slightly exacerbated in SHRSP compared to WKY or SHR. Multiple biological markers may be differentially affected by PM in genetic models of cardiovascular diseases. Preexisting cardiovascular disease may influence susceptibility to PM pulmonary and cardiac health effects in a disease-specific manner. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 22 BP 1912 EP 1922 DI 10.1080/15287390701551233 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IS UT WOS:000251297200004 PM 17966062 ER PT J AU Roberts, ES Malstrom, SE Dreher, KL AF Roberts, Elizabeth S. Malstrom, Scott E. Dreher, Kevin L. TI In situ pulmonary localization of air pollution particle-induced oxidative stress SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID OIL FLY-ASH; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; PARTICULATE MATTER; HEME OXYGENASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE; METALS AB Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. An improved understanding of the mechanism(s) by which PM induces adverse effects is needed. This preliminary study examined the ability to use unique bioluminescent technologies to identify acute localized areas of residual oil fly ash (ROFA)-induced, oxidative lung injury. Transgenic mice, in which luciferase (luc) expression was regulated by the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 promoter, were exposed by pharyngeal aspiration to either saline or 50 mu g ROFA/mouse. HO-1-luc expression was determined at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h postex-posure using luminescent quantification and Western blot analysis of lung protein extracts, as well as with a novel in situ pulmonary bioluminescence imaging approach. The different approaches for the detection of luciferase in lung protein extracts recovered from ROFA exposed HO-1-luc transgenic mice gave variable results. Pulmonary homogenate HO-1-luc levels were increased at 2 h and 24 h postexposure to ROFA when examined by chemilumescent and Western blot analyses, respectively. In situ bioluminescent imaging of pulmonary tissue sections detected ROFA-induced pulmonary luciferase expression by identifying highly localized increases in HO-1-luc expression at 12 h and 24 h postexposure. These results suggest that the variability observed in the methods of detection for luciferase may be due to a localization of cells expressing luciferase within tissue samples, demonstrating that the HO-1-luc transgenic mouse model is the preferred method to detect and pinpoint in vivo particle-induced, oxidative lung injury. The feasibility of using this in situ approach is a unique proof-of-concept application for the identification of localized sites of oxidative injury induced by environmental pollutants. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Xenogen Corp, Alameda, CA USA. RP Dreher, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dreher.kevin@epa.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 22 BP 1929 EP 1935 DI 10.1080/15287390701551357 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IS UT WOS:000251297200006 PM 17966064 ER PT J AU Finnerty, K Choi, JE Lau, A Davis-Gorman, G Diven, C Seaver, N Linak, WP Witten, M McDonagh, PF AF Finnerty, Katie Choi, Ji-Eun Lau, Alexandria Davis-Gorman, Grace Diven, Conrad Seaver, Norma Linak, William P. Witten, Mark McDonagh, Paul F. TI Instillation of coarse ash particulate matter and lipopolysaccharide produces a systemic inflammatory response in mice SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; REPERFUSION INJURY; PULVERIZED COAL; DAILY MORTALITY; PARTICLES; ENDOTOXIN; PULMONARY; EXPOSURE AB Coronary ischemic events increase significantly following a "bad air" day. Ambient particulate matter (PM10) is the pollutant most strongly associated with these events. PM10 produces inflammatory injury to the lower airways. It is not clear, however, whether pulmonary inflammation translates to a systemic response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a proinflammatory molecule often associated with the coarse fraction of PM. It was hypothesized that PM>2.5 from coal plus LPS induce pulmonary inflammation leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Mice were intratracheally instilled with saline, PM (200 mu g), PM+ LPS10 (PM+ 10 mu g LPS), or PM+ LPS100 (PM+ 100 mu g LPS). Eighteen hours later, histologic analysis was performed on lungs from each group. Pulmonary and systemic inflammation were assessed by measuring the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pulmonary supernatant and plasma. In a follow-up study, the effects of LPS alone were assessed. Histologic analysis revealed a dose-dependent elevation in pulmonary inflammation with all treatments. Pulmonary TNF-alpha and IL-6 both increased significantly with PM+ LPS100 treatment. Regarding plasma, TNF-alpha significantly increased in both PM+ LPS10 and PM+ LPS100 treatments. For plasma IL-6, all groups tended to rise with a significant increase in the PM+ LPS100 group. The results of the follow-up study indicate that the responses to PM+ LPS were not due to LPS alone. These results suggest that coarse coal fly ash PM> 2.5 combined with LPS produced pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses. The resulting low-level systemic inflammation may contribute to the increased severity of ischemic heart disease observed immediately following a bad air day. C1 Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Surg & Sarver Heart Ctr, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Natl Risk Management Res Lab, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP McDonagh, PF (reprint author), Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Surg & Sarver Heart Ctr, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, POB 245071, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM pmcdeonag@u.arizona.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 06694] NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 23 BP 1957 EP 1966 DI 10.1080/15287390701549229 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IU UT WOS:000251297400001 PM 17966067 ER PT J AU Walker, K Hattis, D Russ, A Sonawane, B Ginsberg, G AF Walker, Katherine Hattis, Dale Russ, Abel Sonawane, Bob Ginsberg, Gary TI Approaches to acrylamide physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling for exploring child-adult dosimetry differences SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Review ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; PI-CLASS ISOENZYMES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; HUMAN-LIVER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; ALPHA-CLASS; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES AB Dietary exposure to acrylamide is common as a result of its formation during the cooking of carbohydrate foods. This leads to widespread human exposure in adults and children alike. Acrylamide is neurotoxic and is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1 to a mutagenic epoxide, glycidamide. This article describes a modeling framework for assessing acrylamide and glycidamide dosimetry in rats and human adults and children. The challenges in building a physiologically based toxicokinetic ( PBTK) model that is compatible with existing rat and human data are described, with an emphasis on calibration against the hemoglobin adduct database. This exploratory PBTK model was adapted to children by incorporating life-stage-specific parameters consistent with children's changing physiology and metabolic capacity for processes involved in acrylamide disposition in terms of CYP2E1, glutathione conjugation, and epoxide hydrolase. Monte Carlo analysis was used to simulate the distribution of internal doses to gain an initial understanding of the range of child/adult differences possible. This analysis suggests modest dosimetry differences between children and adults, with area-under-the-curve (AUC) doses for the 99th percentile child up to fivefold greater than the median adult for both acrylamide and glycidamide. Early life immaturities tended to exert a greater effect on acrylamide than glycidamide dosimetry because immaturities in CYP2E1 and glutathione counteract one another for glycidamide AUC, but both lead to greater acrylamide dose. The analysis points toward glutathione conjugation parameters as being particularly influential and uncertain in early life, making this a key area for future research. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us NR 103 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 24 BP 2033 EP 2055 DI 10.1080/15287390701601202 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IX UT WOS:000251297700003 PM 18049993 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Yokel, RA Nieboer, E Borchelt, D Cohen, J Harry, J Kacew, S Lindsay, J Mahfouz, AM Rondeau, V AF Krewski, Daniel Yokel, Robert A. Nieboer, Evert Borchelt, David Cohen, Joshua Harry, Jean Kacew, Sam Lindsay, Joan Mahfouz, Amal M. Rondeau, Virginie TI Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE aluminium; aluminium oxide; aluminium hydroxide; speciation; human health; neurotoxicity; exposure; toxicokinetics; toxicology; epidemiology; Alzheimer's disease; risk assessment ID CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PORPHYRIA-CUTANEA-TARDA; REDUCTION PLANT WORKERS; TANGLE-BEARING NEURONS C1 [Krewski, Daniel; Kacew, Sam] Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk & Assessment, Inst Populat Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Krewski, Daniel] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Yokel, Robert A.] Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Yokel, Robert A.] Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Nieboer, Evert] McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Nieboer, Evert] Univ Tromso, Inst Community Med, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. [Borchelt, David] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Dept Neurosci, SanteFe Hlth Alzheimers Dis Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cohen, Joshua] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Harry, Jean] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kacew, Sam] Univ Ottawa, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Lindsay, Joan] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Surveillance Div, Aging Related Dis Sect, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Mahfouz, Amal M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rondeau, Virginie] Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, INSERM, Biostat E0338, Bordeaux, France. RP Krewski, D (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk & Assessment, Inst Populat Hlth, Room 320,1 Stewart St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM cphra@uottawa.ca RI rondeau, virginie/E-4192-2014; OI rondeau, virginie/0000-0001-7109-4831; Cohen, Joshua/0000-0003-1737-0991 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 1515 TC 168 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 72 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2007 VL 10 SU 1 BP 1 EP 269 DI 10.1080/10937400701597766 PG 269 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 242UK UT WOS:000251751500001 PM 18085482 ER PT J AU Stern, BR Solioz, M Krewski, D Aggett, P Aw, TC Baker, S Crump, K Dourson, M Haber, L Hertzberg, R Keen, C Meek, B Rudenko, L Schoeny, R Slob, W Starr, T AF Stern, Bonnie Ransom Solioz, Marc Krewski, Daniel Aggett, Peter Aw, Tar-Ching Baker, Scott Crump, Kenny Dourson, Michael Haber, Lynne Hertzberg, Rick Keen, Carl Meek, Bette Rudenko, Larisa Schoeny, Rita Slob, Wout Starr, Tom TI Copper and human health: Biochemistry, genetics, and strategies for modeling dose-response relationships SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WILSON-DISEASE GENE; TOXIC MILK MOUSE; EXCESS DIETARY COPPER; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; P-TYPE ATPASES; OCCIPITAL HORN SYNDROME; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL; MENKES-DISEASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB Copper (Cu) and its alloys are used extensively in domestic and industrial applications. Cu is also an essential element in mammalian nutrition. Since both copper deficiency and copper excess produce adverse health effects, the dose-response curve is U-shaped, although the precise form has not yet been well characterized. Many animal and human studies were conducted on copper to provide a rich database from which data suitable for modeling the dose-response relationship for copper may be extracted. Possible dose-response modeling strategies are considered in this review, including those based on the benchmark dose and categorical regression. The usefulness of biologically based dose-response modeling techniques in understanding copper toxicity was difficult to assess at this time since the mechanisms underlying copper-induced toxicity have yet to be fully elucidated. A dose-response modeling strategy for copper toxicity was proposed associated with both deficiency and excess. This modeling strategy was applied to multiple studies of copper-induced toxicity, standardized with respect to severity of adverse health outcomes and selected on the basis of criteria reflecting the quality and relevance of individual studies. The use of a comprehensive database on copper-induced toxicity is essential for dose-response modeling since there is insufficient information in any single study to adequately characterize copper dose-response relationships. The dose-response modeling strategy envisioned here is designed to determine whether the existing toxicity data for copper excess or deficiency may be effectively utilized in defining the limits of the homeostatic range in humans and other species. By considering alternative techniques for determining a point of departure and low-dose extrapolation ( including categorical regression, the benchmark dose, and identification of observed no-effect levels) this strategy will identify which techniques are most suitable for this purpose. This analysis also serves to identify areas in which additional data are needed to better define the characteristics of dose-response relationships for copper-induced toxicity in relation to excess or deficiency. C1 BR Stern Associates, Consulting Hlth Sci & Risk Assessment, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. Univ Bern, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth, Inst Populat Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Cent Lancashire, Lancashire Sch Hlth & Postgrad Med, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Kent, Kent Inst Med & Hlth Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. Int Copper Assoc, New York, NY USA. Environ Corp, KS Crump Grp, Ruston, LA USA. TERA, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Hlth Canada, Environm Contaminants Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Integrat Biostrategies LLC, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Stern, BR (reprint author), BR Stern Associates, Consulting Hlth Sci & Risk Assessment, 4533 Pinecrest Heights Dr, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. EM brstern1@aol.com RI Solioz, Marc/I-3162-2013 OI Solioz, Marc/0000-0002-7989-6721 NR 289 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 157 EP 222 DI 10.1080/10937400600755911 PG 66 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 164UH UT WOS:000246259600001 PM 17454552 ER PT J AU Grear, JS Burns, CE AF Grear, Jason S. Burns, Catherine E. TI Evaluating effects of low quality habitats on regional population growth in Peromyscus leucopus: Insights from field-parameterized spatial matrix models SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat quality; landscape; spatial; matrix model; Peromyscus; population; source; sink; white-footed mouse; North America; USA ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; FOREST FRAGMENTS; MARKED ANIMALS; DENSITY; LANDSCAPE; SELECTION; DISPERSAL; RECAPTURE; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB Due to complex population dynamics and source-sink metapopulation processes, animal fitness sometimes varies across landscapes in ways that cannot be deduced from simple density patterns. In this study, we examine spatial patterns in fitness using a combination of intensive field-based analyses of demography and migration and spatial matrix models of white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) population dynamics. We interpret asymptotic population growth rates from these spatial models as fitness-based measures of habitat-quality and use elasticity analysis to further explore model behavior and the roles of migration. In addition, we compare population growth rates at the spatial scale of single habitats and the landscape-level scale at which these habitats are assembled. To this end, we employ emerging techniques in multi-scale estimation of demography and movement and recently described vec-permutation methods for spatial matrix notation and analysis. Our findings indicate that the loss of low quality habitats or reductions in movement from these habitats into higher quality areas could negatively affect landscape-level population fitness. C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Grear, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM grear.jason@epa.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9007-0 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 127XO UT WOS:000243619800006 ER PT B AU Wyrobek, AJ Schmid, TE Bishop, J Marchetti, F AF Wyrobek, Andrew J. Schmid, Thomas E. Bishop, Jack Marchetti, Francesco BE Anderson, D Brinkworth, MH TI Advances in the direct measurements of partial chromosomal duplication, deletions and breaks in human and murine sperm by sperm FISH SO MALE-MEDIATED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY SE Issues in Toxicology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Male Mediated Developmental Toxicity CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2005 CL Univ Bradford, Bradford, ENGLAND HO Univ Bradford ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MULTICOLOR FISH; GERM-CELLS; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; HEALTHY-MEN; MALE-MICE; ABNORMALITIES; MUTATION; AGE; ANEUPLOIDY C1 [Wyrobek, Andrew J.; Schmid, Thomas E.; Marchetti, Francesco] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Schmid, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. [Bishop, Jack] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU U.S. DOE; University of California; LLNL [W-7405-ENG-48]; NIEHS IAG [Y01-ES-8016-5]; Superfund [P42ES04705]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank our long standing colleague, Professor Brenda Eskenazi, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley because our collaborative project with her laboratory provided the motivation for developing the human sperm FISH assays for chromosomal aberration detection. We also thank E. Sloter and J Nath for their invaluable contributions in the development of the ACM assay. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by the University of California, LLNL under contract W-7405-ENG-48 with funding support from NIEHS IAG Y01-ES-8016-5 and from Superfund P42ES04705 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-847-2 J9 ISSUES TOXICOL PY 2007 BP 210 EP + DI 10.1039/9781847557643-00210 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Reproductive Biology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Reproductive Biology GA BGO26 UT WOS:000248935400018 ER PT J AU Schaefer, FW AF Schaefer, Frank W., III BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Detection of Protozoan Parasites in Source and Finished Drinking Water SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GIARDIA CYST VIABILITY; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ANIMAL INFECTIVITY; PCR AMPLIFICATION; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; CELL-CULTURE; SURFACE C1 US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaefer, FW (reprint author), US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 265 EP 279 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100022 ER PT J AU Hines, ME Visscher, PT Teske, A Devereux, R AF Hines, Mark E. Visscher, Pieter T. Teske, Andreas Devereux, Richard BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Sulfur Cycling SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DISSIMILATORY SULFITE REDUCTASE; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; MARINE ARCTIC SEDIMENTS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; MULTIPLE LATERAL TRANSFERS; FJORD MARIAGER FJORD C1 [Hines, Mark E.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Devereux, Richard] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Teske, Andreas] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Visscher, Pieter T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Hines, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 140 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 497 EP 510 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100042 ER PT J AU Newell, RIE Kemp, WM Hagy, JD Cerco, CF Testa, JM Boynton, WR AF Newell, Roger I. E. Kemp, W. Michael Hagy, James D., III Cerco, Carl F. Testa, Jeremy M. Boynton, Walter R. TI Top-down control of phytoplankton by oysters in Chesapeake Bay, USA: Comment on Pomeroy et al. (2006) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE algal blooms; biodeposition; Crassostrea virginica; Chesapeake Bay; hypoxia; oyster; restoration; suspension-feeder; water quality ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; RIVER FLOW; EUTROPHICATION; SUSPENSION; MODEL; RESPIRATION; BIOMASS; WATERS AB Pomeroy et al. (2006) proposed that temporal and spatial mismatches between eastern oyster filtration and phytoplankton abundance will preclude restored stocks of eastern oysters from reducing the severity of hypoxia in the deep channel of central Chesapeake Bay. We refute this contention by presenting arguments, data, and model results, overlooked by these authors. Our analysis indicates that oyster populations living on extensive reefs along the flanks of the mainstem Bay could substantially reduce summer phytoplankton growth and particulate organic carbon deposition to deep waters of the central channel. Because hypoxia in these deep waters is maintained through microbial decomposition of organic carbon generated by summer phytoplankton production, we conclude that reduced carbon fluxes to the deep channel associated with greatly increased oyster grazing could reduce the severity of hypoxia. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21631 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Newell, RIE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21631 USA. EM newell@hpl.umces.edu RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; Testa, Jeremy/C-7189-2013; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 OI Testa, Jeremy/0000-0003-0027-9761; NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 341 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.3354/meps341293 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 195DI UT WOS:000248392300025 ER PT J AU Abdelrhman, MA AF Abdelrhman, Mohamed A. TI Modeling coupling between eelgrass Zostera marina and water flow SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE model; coupling; eelgrass; current; canopy height; shear; photosynthesis ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; EMERGENT VEGETATION; CURRENT VELOCITY; SEAGRASS; MEADOWS; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; CANOPIES; DYNAMICS; DRAG AB Ecological effects caused by submerged aquatic vegetation not only depend on the plants and their morphology but also on the flow and transport patterns of dissolved and suspended constituents near the canopy. Canopy height is a major variable in any quantitative analysis of plant biomass and constituent transport in its vicinity. Height of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies changes due to bending of the blades under varying current regimes. In this paper, I mathematically modeled the coupling between eelgrass blade bending and water flow. Based on the balance of forces of drag, lift, friction, weight and buoyancy on a single blade, the model defined the bending of blades (i.e. height of canopy) and the flow response within and above the canopy. This coupling was tested using laboratory data and indicated that the model performed adequately. Both model results and laboratory data confirmed that the bending of blades, and hence canopy height, was very sensitive to current magnitude and directly influenced current profile. Identifying canopy height is a major factor in defining spatial distribution of grass biomass from optical or acoustic remote sensing devices. The model has direct implications for biological issues related to the plants themselves and to their associated organisms, such as the vertical distribution of photosynthesis within the canopy and the effect of current shear on recruitment of organisms on the blades. It can also be used to study how eelgrass canopies affect horizontal transport of constituents, such as dissolved oxygen, nutrients and organic carbon, and particulate material such as pollen, larvae, plankton and detritus. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Abdelrhman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM abdelrhman.mohamed@epa.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 338 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.3354/meps338081 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182BN UT WOS:000247480200008 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, R Davey, E Gunnarsson, J Norling, K Frank, M AF Rosenberg, Rutger Davey, Earl Gunnarsson, Jonas Norling, Karl Frank, Michael TI Application of computer-aided tomography to visualize and quantify biogenic structures in marine sediments SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE image analysis; sediment; bioturbation; bioirrigation; relic tubes; burrows ID BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; AXIAL TOMODENSITOMETRY; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; ORGANIC-MATTER; IN-SITU; QUANTIFICATION; BIOTURBATION; BURROW; FAUNA; WATER AB We used computer-aided tomography (CT) for 3D visualization and 2D analysis of marine sediment cores from 3 stations (at 10, 75 and 118 m depths) with different environmental impact. Biogenic structures such as tubes and burrows were quantified and compared among stations. Subsequent to CT scanning, the animals and other material in the cores were collected to validate the image analysis. The shallowest (10 m) station was the most anthropogenically impacted, having horizontally stratified sediment with few biogenic structures close to the sediment surface but many shells and relic tubes (i.e. tubes with no connection to the sediment-water interface) deeper in the sediment. The sediment at the reference station (75 m) and the deepest station (118 m, previously impacted by hypoxia) had large numbers of polychaete tubes throughout the sediment down to at least 30 cm, although many of the tubes deeper down in the sediment were considered relic tubes. Inhabited tubes had a similar density to shells and seem to persist in the sediment for many years. Water volume of inhabited tubes was largest close to the sediment-water interface, whereas water volume in relic tubes was greater between depths of about 3 cm to 30 cm. Many bivalves, particularly Thyasira equalis, were distributed in the middle and deep part of the sediment at the 75 and 118 m stations. Water volume of inhabited tubes was greatest at the 118 m station, showing that benthic fauna recovering from previous hypoxic events can establish burrows and tubes with greater volumes, and probably with greater impact on biogeochemical processes, than at a reference station with more stable environmental conditions. This investigation demonstrated that utilization of CT scanning and software can be. applied to visualize and quantify physical and biological structures within sediment thicknesses of several decimetres. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Lysekil Hosp, S-45325 Lysekil, Sweden. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. EM rutger.rosenberg@kmf.gu.se RI Norling, Karl/B-5494-2009 OI Norling, Karl/0000-0001-5756-4390 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 331 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.3354/meps331023 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 145NS UT WOS:000244872400003 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW AF Luebke, Robert W. TI Nematodes as host resistance models for detection of immunotoxicity SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE immunotoxicity; host resistance; Trichinella spiralis; immunosuppression; methods ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION; NEWBORN LARVAE; WORM EXPULSION; T-CELLS; RATS; IMMUNE; EXPOSURE; ANTIBODY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; EXPRESSION AB Greater susceptibility to infection is a hallmark of compromised immune function in humans and animals, and is often considered the benchmark against which the predictive value of immune function tests are compared. The focus of this paper is resistance to infection with the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis as a model of host resistance. Topics include overviews of parasite biology, host immune responses that limit infection and methods used to evaluate the host response to infection. Detailed protocols are provided for adult and larval parasite counts, female parasite fecundity, parasite antigen-driven lymphocyte proliferation and antibody responses to infection. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Immunol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Luebke.robert@epa.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.06.016 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 122DJ UT WOS:000243205600006 PM 16938464 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Selgrade, MK AF Ward, Marsha D. W. Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Animal models for protein respiratory sensitizers SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE allergy; asthma; molds; HDM ID HOUSE-DUST MITE; BIOPESTICIDE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; ALLERGIC RESPONSES; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; DETERGENT ENZYMES; BALB/C MICE; RATS; EXPOSURE AB Protein induced respiratory hypersensitivity, particularly atopic disease in general, and allergic asthma in particular, has increased dramatically over the last several decades in the US and other industrialized nations as a result of ill-defined changes in living conditions in modern western society. In addition, work-related asthma has become the most frequently diagnosed occupational respiratory illness. Animal models have demonstrated great utility in developing an understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of many diseases. A few models been developed as predictive models to identify a protein as an allergen or to characterize its potency. Here we describe animal models that have been used to investigate and identify protein respiratory sensitizers. In addition to prototypical experimental design, methods for exposure route, sample collection, and endpoint assessment are described. Some of the most relevant endpoints in assessing the potential for a given protein to induce atopic or allergic asthma respiratory hypersensitivity are the development of cytotropic antibodies (IgE, IgG1), eosinophil influx into the lung, and airway hyperresponsiveness to the sensitizing protein and/or to non-antigenic stimuli (Mch). The utility of technologies such as PCR and multiplexing assay systems is also described. These models and methods have been used to elucidate the potential for protein sources to induce allergy, identify environmental conditions (pollutants) to impact allergy responsiveness, and establish safe exposure limits. As an example, data are presented from an experiment designed to compare the allergenicity of a fungal biopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae (MACA) crude extract with the one of its components, conidia (CON) extract. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.marsha@epa.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.07.007 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 122DJ UT WOS:000243205600011 PM 17161304 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Domingo, JWS Wade, TJ AF Stewart, Jill R. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Wade, Timothy J. BE SantoDomingo, JW Sadowsky, MJ TI Fecal Pollution, Public Health, and Microbial Source Tracking SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Stewart, Jill R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL HSD EBB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 135 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-576-9 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2007 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ67 UT WOS:000279007700003 ER PT J AU Domingo, JWS Sadowsky, MJ AF Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Sadowsky, Michael J. BE SantoDomingo, JW Sadowsky, MJ TI Microbial Source Tracking Preface SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-576-9 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2007 BP XI EP XIII PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ67 UT WOS:000279007700002 ER PT J AU Sadowsky, MJ Call, DR Domingo, JWS AF Sadowsky, Michael J. Call, Douglas R. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo BE SantoDomingo, JW Sadowsky, MJ TI The Future of Microbial Source Tracking Studies SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN FECAL FLORA; SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; BACTERIAL SOURCE-TRACKING; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE C1 [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 BorH, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 196 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-576-9 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2007 BP 235 EP 277 PG 43 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ67 UT WOS:000279007700010 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Williams, W Mcgee, JK Daniels, MJ Boykin, E Gilmour, MI AF Saxena, Rajiv K. Williams, Wanda Mcgee, John K. Daniels, Mary J. Boykin, Elizabeth Gilmour, M. Ian TI Enhanced in vitro and in vivo toxicity of poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; nanotubes; particle toxicology ID CELLS AB Many potential applications in nanotechnology envisage the use of better-dispersed and functionalized preparations of carbon nanotubes. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were treated with 1: 1 mixtures of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids for 3 min in a microwave oven under 20 psi pressure followed by extensive dialysis to remove the acids. This treatment resulted in acid functionalized SWCNTs (AF-SWCNTs) that had high negative charge (Zeta potential -40 to -60 mV) and were well dispersed (98% of the particles <150 nm) in aqueous suspensions. In vitro and in vivo toxic effects of SWCNTs and AF-SWCNTs were compared. AF-SWCNTs exerted a strong cytotoxic effect on LA4 mouse lung epithelial cells in culture that could be blocked by prior treatment of the nanotubes with poly L-lysine which neutralized the electric charge and promoted re-agglomeration. AF-SWCNT, but not the unmodified SWCNT preparations, strongly inhibited cell cycling of LA4 cells. Both SWCNTs and AF-SWCNTS were however equally effective in inducing apoptotic responses in LA4 cells as examined using an Annexin V binding assay. Oro-pharyngeal aspiration of AF-SWCNT preparation induced a strong acute inflammatory response in the lungs of CD1 mice, compared to control SWCNTs which caused only a marginal effect. Taken together the results indicate that unlike pristine SWCNTs, acid-functionalized SWCNT preparations exert strong toxic effects in vitro and in vivo and these effects can be reversed by neutralizing their surface charge. C1 [Saxena, Rajiv K.; Williams, Wanda; Mcgee, John K.; Daniels, Mary J.; Boykin, Elizabeth; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Saxena, Rajiv K.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gimour.ian@epa.gov FU National Research Council, NAS, USA FX RKS was supported by a senior research fellowship of the National Research Council, NAS, USA. The authors are grateful to Judy Richards and Debbie Andrews for technical assistance, and Drs Aimen Farraj and Ram Ramabhadran for careful review of the manuscript. This paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1080/17435390701803110 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 363WC UT WOS:000260296800004 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, Christopher J. TI Thermophysiological responses to hyperthermic drugs: extrapolating from rodent to human SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF HYPERTHERMIA SE PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE temperature regulation; hyperthermia; extrapolation; MDMA ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE ECSTASY; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RAT STRIATUM; HYPOTHERMIA; ISCHEMIA AB This chapter focuses on the effects of hyperthermia on drug and chemical toxicity. In general, hyperthermia exacerbates the toxicity of many types of drugs and environmental toxicants. Using rodents to model the potential responses of humans to hyperthermic drugs is hampered by the unique differences in thermoregulatory ability and body mass. Because of their relatively large surface area:mass ratio, ambient temperature has a more profound influence on the potential hyperthermic effect of a drug in rodents. The relative increase in heat production (i.e., as a percentage of their basal metabolic rate) required to raise core temperature by VC will increase with a decrease in body mass. The thermoregulatory response to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used to illustrate the differences in thermoregulatory responses of rats and humans to a hyperthermic drug. Overall, the interaction between ambient temperature and drug-induced changes in body temperature is critical in the evaluation of hyperthermic-induced toxicity in rodent models. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-04,109 STW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 J9 PROG BRAIN RES PY 2007 VL 162 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62005-0 PG 17 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGY46 UT WOS:000251354900005 PM 17645915 ER PT J AU Svendsgaard, D Kim, JY Kotchmar, D Rothenberg, SJ AF Svendsgaard, David Kim, Jee-Young Kotchmar, Dennis Rothenberg, Stephen J. TI A conclusion regarding: "What is the meaning of nonlinear dose-response relationships between blood lead and IQ?" SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE dose-response; supra-linear; blood lead; normalizing; WISC-R ID CHILDREN C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Environm Assessment Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Svendsgaard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Environm Assessment Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM svendsgaard.david@epa.gov RI Rothenberg, Stephen/A-2147-2009 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 196 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.10.003 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 145CY UT WOS:000244844100024 PM 17129608 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC Coulombe, R AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Meinzer, Frederick C. Brooks, J. Renee Domec, Jean-Christophe Coulombe, Rob TI Hydraulic redistribution of soil water in two old-growth coniferous forests: quantifying patterns and controls SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii); hydraulic lift; hydraulic redistribution; ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa); root conductivity; soil water content; water potential ID ROOT XYLEM EMBOLISM; DOUGLAS-FIR; PONDEROSA PINE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; VAPOR EXCHANGE; DEEP ROOTS; LIFT; CARBON; TREES; TRANSPIRATION AB Although hydraulic redistribution of soil water (HR) by roots is a widespread phenomenon, the processes governing spatial and temporal patterns of HR are not well understood. We incorporated soil/plant biophysical properties into a simple model based on Darcy's law to predict seasonal trajectories of HR. We investigated the spatial and temporal variability of HR across multiple years in two old-growth coniferous forest ecosystems with contrasting species and moisture regimes by measurement of soil water content (theta) and water potential (Psi) throughout the upper soil profile, root distribution and conductivity, and relevant climate variables. Large HR variability within sites (0-0.5 mm d(-1)) was attributed to spatial patterns of roots, soil moisture and depletion. HR accounted for 3-9% of estimated total site water depletion seasonally, peaking at 0.16 mm d(-1) (ponderosa pine; Pinus ponderosa) or 0.30 mm d(-1) (Douglas-fir; Pseudotsuga menziesii), then declining as modeled pathway conductance dropped with increasing root cavitation. While HR can vary tremendously within a site, among years and among ecosystems, this variability can be explained by natural variability in Psi gradients and seasonal courses of root conductivity. C1 USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jeffwarren@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 47 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2007 VL 173 IS 4 BP 753 EP 765 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01963.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 134CM UT WOS:000244060200012 PM 17286824 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA McWilliams, SR Charpentier, MA AF McKinney, Richard A. McWilliams, Scott R. Charpentier, Michael A. TI Habitat characteristics associated with the distribution and abundance of Histrionicus histrionicus (Harlequin Ducks) wintering in southern New England SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; MARINE BIRD; SELECTION; PATTERNS; ALASKA; NEWFOUNDLAND; RECRUITMENT; CONSTRAINTS AB Histrionicus histrionicus (Harlequin Ducks) that winter along the east coast of North America are listed as a Population of special concern in Canada, and they use several coastal wintering sites in southern New England that are subject to varying degrees of urbanization. We studied patterns of habitat use by Harlequin Ducks at 12 known wintering sites in southern New England. An average of 327 +/- 114 Harlequin Ducks were found at the sites during the winters of 2001-2003. More Harlequin Ducks wintered at sites south of Cape Cod, MA that had greater mol tusk (709,133 +/- 504,568 versus 97, 154 +/- 72.427 kcal ha(-1)) and crustacean (27,907 +/- 16,312 versus 1412 +/- 1675 kcal ha(-1)) prey energy density, and a higher index of hunting activity (2.4 +/- 1.2 versus 1.4 +/- 0.5) than sites to the north. We used logistic regression analysis at 12 sites inhabited by Harlequin Ducks and 12 nearby sites of similar geomorphology that did not Support Harlequin Ducks to identify habitat characteristics that best explained their distribution in southern New England. Our analysis identified two habitat characteristics that affected the likelihood a site was used by Harlequin Ducks: 1) the proportion of residential, commercial, and industrial land use within a 100-m radius of the perimeter of the site; and 2) distance to the nearest Harlequin Duck wintering site. However, other factors. including those related to their extremely low population size, need to also be considered as recommendations are developed for the conservation of east coast Harlequin Ducks. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov RI McWilliams, Scott/B-8728-2013 OI McWilliams, Scott/0000-0002-9727-1151 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[159:HCAWTD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 184GE UT WOS:000247628300001 ER PT J AU Qian, L Gao, X Pei, Z Wu, XF Block, M Wilson, B Hong, JS Flood, PM AF Qian, Li Gao, Xi Pei, Zhong Wu, Xuefei Block, Michelle Wilson, Belinda Hong, Jau-Shyong Flood, Patrick M. TI NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI is neuroprotective at femtomolar concentrations through inhibition of microglia over-activation SO PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th World Congress on Parkinsons Disease and Related Disorders CY DEC 09-13, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP World Federat Neurol DE femtomolar DPI; LPS; inflammation; microglia; ROS ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; TETRAZOLIUM SALT; RAT; NEUTROPHILS; EXPRESSION; NEURONS; WST-1; ASSAY AB In this paper we report that diphenyliodonium (DPI), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, shows potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects at femtomolar concentrations (10(-13) to 10(-14) M) in primary midbrain cultures. Mechanistic studies revealed that DPI-elicited effects were mediated by the inhibition of LPS-induced microglial ROS production and the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF alpha, and the production of nitric oxide. Further studies showed that 10(-14) M DPI significantly reduced LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that femtomolar concentrations of DPI exert potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects by inhibiting microglial activation through the inhibition of ERK-regulated PHOX activity. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qian, Li; Flood, Patrick M.] Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Qian, Li; Gao, Xi; Wu, Xuefei; Block, Michelle; Wilson, Belinda; Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Flood, PM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pat_flood@dentistry.unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-13079] NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-8020 J9 PARKINSONISM RELAT D JI Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 3 BP S316 EP S320 DI 10.1016/S1353-8020(08)70023-3 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 333ER UT WOS:000258136100023 PM 18267257 ER PT S AU Alvarez, DA Huckins, JN Petty, JD Jones-Lepp, T Stuer-Lauridsen, F Getting, DT Goddard, JP Gravell, A AF Alvarez, David A. Huckins, James N. Petty, Jimmie D. Jones-Lepp, Tammy Stuer-Lauridsen, Frank Getting, Dominic T. Goddard, Jon P. Gravell, Anthony BE Greenwood, R Mills, G Vrana, B TI Tool for monitoring hydrophilic contaminants in water: polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) SO PASSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, VOL 48 SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TREATMENT PLANTS; IN-SITU; ENVIRONMENT; EFFLUENTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; TOXICITY; FATE C1 [Alvarez, David A.; Petty, Jimmie D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Huckins, James N.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jones-Lepp, Tammy] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Stuer-Lauridsen, Frank] DH Water & Environm I, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. [Getting, Dominic T.; Goddard, Jon P.] Environm Agcy, Camberley GU16 7SQ, Surrey, England. RP Alvarez, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-048950-6 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 48 BP 171 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(06)48008-9 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT71 UT WOS:000311377100011 ER PT J AU Salinas, KA Edenborn, SL Sexstone, AJ Kotcon, JB AF Salinas, Kimberly A. Edenborn, Sherie L. Sexstone, Alan J. Kotcon, James B. TI Bacterial preferences of the bacterivorous soil nematode Cephalobus brevicauda (Cephatobidae): Effect of bacterial type and size SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bacterivorous nematodes; Cephalobus brevicauda; biocontrol bacteria; bacterial preference; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus thuringiensis ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FEEDING NEMATODES; GROWTH; FUNGI; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; IMPACT AB Cell size and type may affect availability of bacteria for consumption by bacterivorous nematodes in the soil and in culture. This study explored the bacteria[ preferences of the bacterivorous soil nematode Cephalobus brevicauda (Cephalobidae) by comparing bacteria isolated directly from soil, from commercial bacterial. biological control agents, and from in vitro soil nematode cultures. The 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial. isolates were compared to known sequences to identify phylogenetic affiliations. Bacterial. preference of the nematode was observed by counting the number of Cephalobus brevicauda that were attracted to paired bacteria in a bioassay. Additionally, the reproductive output of single females reared on the bacteria was recorded. An attraction index established that Cephalobus brevicauda preferred Gram-negative, small-celled bacteria; however, Gram-positive bacteria supported maximum reproductive success. Bacteria[ biocontrol agents had no negative effects on reproduction, but Cephalobus brevicauda always preferred bacteria other than Dipel (R) (Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki), in the bacterial. preference assay. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Salinas, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM salinas.kimberly@epa.gov RI Salinas, Kimberly/B-6853-2009 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2006.12.003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 160DB UT WOS:000245917500006 ER PT J AU Johnston, JM AF Johnston, John M. TI Diversity surfaces and species wave fronts in a soil microarthropod assemblage: Adding the dimension of time SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE soil microarthropods; forest biodiversity; species-abundance-body size distributions; Oribatida; spatial scaling; temporal scaling ID BODY-SIZE; ANIMAL ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB As a general rule, animal species of intermediate size within a given taxonomic group are most abundant in nature. It is not known if these patterns occur in small-bodied taxa, such as soil microarthropods, or how these patterns change through time. Here I show that Oribatida (Acari), the most abundant and diverse arthropod fauna of coniferous forest soils, exhibit this pattern. However, the pattern is more complex than reported for other arthropods. I analyzed the total species surface comprising 6613 individuals and 54 species by forest stand. The underlying pattern consists of 15-year stands and 30-year stands forming two distinct and separated maxima. These results suggest that assemblage patterns form early in the development of ecological communities, and that these patterns appear within the soil assemblage as waves propagating in species-abundance-body size space during forest development. These results also support the assertion that undescribed species will likely be of intermediate size within a group. This analysis contributes to investigations of biodiversity and body size relationships by adding the temporal dimension. Potential applications are in disturbance and indicator studies or other work where changes in assemblage structure are used as measures of disturbance or as response variables in manipulative studies. Published by Elsevier GrnbH. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Regulatory Support Branch, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Johnston, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Regulatory Support Branch, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM johnston.johnm@epa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2006.10.005 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 126OB UT WOS:000243521200009 ER PT J AU Epp, RG Erickson, DJ Paul, ND Sulzberger, B AF Epp, R. G. Erickson, D. J., III Paul, N. D. Sulzberger, B. TI Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycling SO PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTO-FENTON REACTION; BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; NATURAL-WATERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHYL-BROMIDE AB This report assesses research on the interactions of UV radiation (280-400 nm) and global climate change with global biogeochemical cycles at the Earth's surface. The effects of UV-B (280-315 nm), which ate dependent on the stratospheric ozone layer, on biogeochemical cycles are often linked to concurrent exposure to UV-A radiation (315-400 nm), which is influenced by global climate change. These interactions involving UV radiation (the combination of UV-B and UV-A) are central to the prediction and evaluation of future Earth environmental conditions. There is increasing evidence that elevated UV-B radiation has significant effects on the terrestrial biosphere with implications for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and other elements. The cycling of carbon and inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen can be affected by UV-B-mediated changes in communities of soil organisms, probably due to the effects of UV-B radiation on plant root exudation and/or the chemistry of dead plant material falling to the soil. In and environments direct photodegraclation can play a major role in the decay of plant litter, and UV-B radiation is responsible for a significant part of this photodegraclation. UV-B radiation strongly influences aquatic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and metals cycling that affect a wide range of life processes. UV-B radiation changes the biological availability of dissolved organic matter to microorganisms, and accelerates its transformation into dissolved inorganic carbon and nitrogen, including carbon dioxide and ammonium. The coloured part of dissolved organic matter (CDOM) controls the penetration of UV radiation into water bodies, but CDOM is also photodegraded by solar UV radiation. Changes in CDOM influence the penetration of UV radiation into water bodies with major consequences for aquatic biogeochemical processes. Changes in aquatic primary productivity and decomposition due to climate-related changes in circulation and nutrient supply occur concurrently with exposure to increased UV-B radiation, and have synergistic effects on the penetration of light into aquatic: ecosystems. Future changes in climate will enhance stratification of lakes and the ocean, which will intensify photodegradation of CDOM by UV radiation. The resultant increase in the transparency of water bodies may increase UV-B effects on aquatic biogeochemistry in the surface layer. Changing solar UV radiation and climate also interact to influence exchanges of trace gases, such as halocarbons (e.g., methyl bromide) which influence ozone depletion, and sulfur gases (e.g., dimethylsulfide) that oxidize to produce sulfate aerosols that cool the marine atmosphere. UV radiation affects the biological availability of iron, copper and other trace metals in aquatic environments thus potentially affecting metal toxicity and the growth of phytoplankton and other microorganisms that are involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Future changes in ecosystem distribution due to alterations in the physical and chemical climate interact with ozone-modulated changes in UV-B radiation. These interactions between the effects of climate change and UV-B radiation on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic, systems may partially offset the beneficial effects of an ozone recovery. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Epp, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Paul, Nigel/E-5350-2014 OI Paul, Nigel/0000-0001-6959-4239 NR 209 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1474-905X EI 1474-9092 J9 PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI JI Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1039/b700021a PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 143QX UT WOS:000244739000018 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Hamon, R Jassogne, L Rivers, M Lombi, E AF Scheckel, Kirk G. Hamon, Rebecca Jassogne, Laurence Rivers, Mark Lombi, Enzo TI Synchrotron X-ray absorption-edge computed microtomography imaging of thallium compartmentalization in Iberis intermedia SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE computed microtomography (CMT); Iberis intermedia; thallium hyperaccumulation; synchrotron spectroscopy; metal compartmentalization ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; TRANSPORT PROCESSES; METAL DISTRIBUTION; PTERIS-VITTATA; ALYSSUM-MURALE; NICKEL; PHYTOREMEDIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION AB Thallium is an extremely toxic metal which, due to its similarities to K, is readily taken up by plants grown in Tl-contaminated soils. Thallium is also a precious metal nearly as economically valuable as gold. Thallium is efficiently hyperaccumulated in Iberis intermedia as aqueous Tl(I) with highest concentrations within the vascular network of leaves. In this study we examine the utility of synchrotron X-ray differential absorption-edge computed microtomography (CMT) in determining the distribution and compartmentalization of thallium (Tl) in Iberis intermedia. We found Tl to be distributed in solution throughout the vascular system of I. intermedia. Current laboratory experiments are examining the characteristics and potential recovery of Tl by I. intermedia with the objectives to remediate its toxic risks and to facilitate its reclamation for reuse. However, the recovery and reuse of Tl from I. intermedia by way of phytomining requires knowledge on the speciation, distribution and compartmentalization of thallium. CMT shows great promise for application in a wide variety of metal-related structural issues due to its high 3D resolution and being a non-destructive analysis tool. C1 US EPA, LRPCD, NRMRL, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water Adelaide Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, LRPCD, NRMRL, ORD, 5595 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 NR 56 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2007 VL 290 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9102-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 127ZG UT WOS:000243624400005 ER PT J AU Badr, MZ Shnyra, A Zoubine, M Norkin, M Herndon, B Quinn, T Miranda, RN Cunningham, ML Molteni, A AF Badr, Mostafa Z. Shnyra, Alexander Zoubine, Mikhail Norkin, Maxim Herndon, Betty Quinn, Tim Miranda, Roberto N. Cunningham, Michael L. Molteni, Agostino TI Phthalate-Induced Liver Protection against Deleterious Effects of the Th1 Response: A Potentially Serious Health Hazard SO PPAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) induces pulmonary immunopathology mediated by classical Th1 type of acquired immunity with hepatic involvement in up to 80% of disseminated cases. Since PPAR agonists cause immune responses characterized by a decrease in the secretion of Th1 cytokines, we investigated the impact of activating these receptors on hepatic pathology associated with a well-characterized model of Th1-type pulmonary response. Male Fischer 344 rats were either maintained on a drug-free diet (groups I and II), or a diet containing diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), a compound transformed in vivo to metabolites known to activate PPARs, for 21 days (groups III and IV). Subsequently, animals were primed with Mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Fifteen days later, animals in groups II and IV were challenged with Sepharose 4B beads covalently coupled with PPD, while animals in groups I and III received blank Sepharose beads. Animals with Th1 response (group II) showed a marked structural disruption in the hepatic lobule. Remarkably, these alterations were conspicuously absent in animals which received DEHP (group IV), despite noticeable accumulation of T cells in the periportal triads. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy revealed hepatic accumulation of IFN gamma(+) Th1 and IL-4(+) Th2 cells in animals from groups II and IV, respectively. Our data suggest a PPAR alpha-mediated suppression of the development of a Th1 immune response in the liver, resulting in hepatoprotective effect. However, potentially negative consequences of PPAR activation, such as decreased ability of the immune system to fight infection and interference with the efficacy of vaccines designed to evoke Th1 immune responses, remain to be investigated. Copyright (C) 2007 Mostafa Z. Badr et al. C1 [Badr, Mostafa Z.] Univ Missouri, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Shnyra, Alexander] Kansas City Univ Med & Biosci, Dept Pharmacol & Microbiol, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Zoubine, Mikhail; Norkin, Maxim; Herndon, Betty; Quinn, Tim; Molteni, Agostino] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Basic Med Sci, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Miranda, Roberto N.; Molteni, Agostino] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Cunningham, Michael L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Badr, MZ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. EM badrm@umkc.edu OI Miranda, Roberto/0000-0002-8467-5464 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4757 J9 PPAR RES JI PPAR Res. PY 2007 AR 49671 DI 10.1155/2007/49671 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA V13MJ UT WOS:000207670600001 ER PT S AU Rifer, W Omelchuck, J Katz, J Salazar, V AF Rifer, Wayne Omelchuck, Jeff Katz, John Salazar, Viccy TI Conceptualizing an optimal electronic product design and end-of-life management system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRONICS & THE ENVIRONMENT, CONFERENCE RECORD SE IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment-ISEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (ISEE) CY MAY 07-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc TCEE DE EPEAT; eco labels; design for recycling AB The current paper identifies the importance of electronic product reuse, dismantling and component recovery for an environmentally preferable end-of-life management system. The optimal system would integrate product design and end-of-life management. The paper identified how European eco-label systems reinforced these important elements through design requirements that support deep disassembly. However, recycling systems have migrated to automated processing that does not take advantage of the design for disassembly features. The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) adopted criteria that support both shredding and deep disassembly. The paper concludes by noting that in the US. the recycling infrastructure is still largely dependant for its economic sustainability on reuse and component recovery, which does rely on the ability to efficiently disassemble products. C1 [Rifer, Wayne; Omelchuck, Jeff] Green Elect Council, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Katz, John] US Environm Protect Agcy, San Francisco, CA USA. [Salazar, Viccy] US Environm Protect Agcy, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rifer, W (reprint author), Green Elect Council, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2020 BN 978-1-4244-0861-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELECTR PY 2007 BP 159 EP + DI 10.1109/ISEE.2007.369386 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BGN15 UT WOS:000248562400031 ER PT B AU Olden, K AF Olden, Kenneth BE Chen, H Hong, Q Ding, JY Wang, XY TI Gene-environment interactions in the development of complex phenotypes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Journal Environm & Occupat Med, Editorial Off, Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EHIB, Dept Hlth Serv, Kunming Med Coll, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Prevent Med Assoc, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, Environm Hlth Perspect, Shanghai Inst Prevent Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Occupat Hlth, Fudan Univ, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Environm Mutagen Soc ID HUMAN GENOME; POLYMORPHISMS; HEALTH; DISEASE AB The lack of knowledge that we have about the earliest events in disease development is largely due to the multi-factorial nature of disease risk. This information gap is primarily the consequence of the lack of appreciation of the fact that most diseases arise from the complex interactions between genes and the environment as a function of the age or stage of development of the individual. The relationship between genes and the environment is best captured by the quotation: "genetics loads the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger." A loaded gun by itself causes no harm. It is only when the trigger is pulled that the potential for harm is released or initiated. Likewise, one can inherit a predisposition for a devastating disease, yet never develop the disease unless exposed to the environmental trigger(s). That is, diseases result from an unfavorable combination of genetic variations and environmental exposures. Whether an environmental exposure causes illness or not is dependent on the efficiency of the so-called "environmental response machinery" (i.e., the complex of metabolic pathways that can modulate response to environmental perturbations) that one has inherited. Thus, elucidating the causes of most chronic diseases will require an understanding of both the genetic and environmental contribution to their etiology. Unfortunately, the exploration of the relationship between genes and the environment has been hampered in the past by the limited knowledge of the human genome, and by the inclination of scientists to study disease development using exposure to a single environmental agent. Rarely in the past were interactions between multiple genes or between genes and environmental agents considered in studies on the causes of human illness. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cell Adhes & Metastasis Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH,US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Olden, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cell Adhes & Metastasis Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH,US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATION MEDICINE-JEOM PI SHANGHAI PA 1380 ZHONGSHAN ROAD W, SHANGHAI, 200336, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2007 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGV71 UT WOS:000250819100001 ER PT B AU Kavlock, R AF Kavlock, Robert BE Chen, H Hong, Q Ding, JY Wang, XY TI Computational toxicology: New approaches to improve environmental health protection SO Proceedings of the 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Journal Environm & Occupat Med, Editorial Off, Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EHIB, Dept Hlth Serv, Kunming Med Coll, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Prevent Med Assoc, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, Environm Hlth Perspect, Shanghai Inst Prevent Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Occupat Hlth, Fudan Univ, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATION MEDICINE-JEOM PI SHANGHAI PA 1380 ZHONGSHAN ROAD W, SHANGHAI, 200336, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2007 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGV71 UT WOS:000250819100010 ER PT J AU Linak, WP Yoo, JI Wasson, SJ Zhu, W Wendt, JOL Huggins, FE Chen, Y Shah, N Huffman, GP Gilmour, MI AF Linak, William P. Yoo, Jong-IK Wasson, Shirley J. Zhu, Weiyan Wendt, Jost O. L. Huggins, Frank E. Chen, Yuanzhi Shah, Naresh Huffman, Gerald P. Gilmour, M. Ian TI Ultrafine ash aerosols from coal combustion: Characterization and health effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE coal; fly-ash; ultrafine particles; emissions; health effects ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; PULVERIZED-COAL; FLY-ASH; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MINERAL MATTER; IN-VITRO; TRANSFORMATION; ELEMENTS; OIL AB Ultrafine coal fly-ash particles, defined here as those with diameters less than 0.5 mu m, typically comprise less than 1% of the total fly-ash mass. These particles are formed primarily through ash vaporization, nucleation, and coagulation/condensation mechanisms, which lead to compositions notably different compared to other fine or coarse particle fractions formed by fragmentation. Whereas previous studies have focused on health effects of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) (including both vaporization and fragmentation modes), this paper reports results of interdisciplinary research focused on both characterization and health effects of primary ultrafine coal ash aerosols alone. Ultrafine, fine, and coarse ash particles were segregated and collected from a coal burned in a 20 kW laboratory combustor and two additional coals burned in an externally heated drop tube furnace. Extracted samples from both combustors were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Pulmonary inflammation was characterized by albumin concentrations in mouse lung lavage fluid after instillation of collected particles in saline solutions and a single direct inhalation exposure. Results indicate that coal ultrafine ash sometimes, but not always, contains significant amounts of carbon, probably soot originating from coal tar volatiles, depending on coal type and combustion device. Surprisingly, XAFS results revealed the presence of chromium and thiophenic sulfur in the ultrafine ash particles. Although the single direct inhalation study failed to reveal significant health effects, the instillation results suggested potential lung injury, the severity of which could be correlated with the carbon (soot) content of the ultrafines. Further, this increased toxicity is consistent with theories in which the presence of carbon mediates transition metal (i.e., Fe) complexes, as revealed in this work by TEM and XAFS spectroscopy, promoting reactive oxygen species, oxidation-reduction cycling, and oxidative stress. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Linak, William P.; Yoo, Jong-IK; Wasson, Shirley J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhu, Weiyan] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Wendt, Jost O. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Huggins, Frank E.; Chen, Yuanzhi; Shah, Naresh; Huffman, Gerald P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Linak, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM linak.bill@epa.gov RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009; OI Chen, Yuanzhi/0000-0001-9749-7313 NR 24 TC 56 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1929 EP 1937 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.086 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200028 ER PT J AU Barth, E Sass, B Chattopadhyay, S AF Barth, Ed Sass, Bruce Chattopadhyay, Sandip TI Evaluation of blast furnace slag as a means of reducing metal availability in a contaminated sediment for beneficial use purposes SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE sediment; heavy metals; blast furnace slag ID BIOAVAILABILITY; PRODUCTS AB An attractive option for the management of dredged sediment involves the use of dredged sediment for beneficial use purposes, such as for fill material. Treatment (chemical amendment) of contaminated sediment may be necessary to limit the environmental and human availability (bioaccessibility, leachability, plant uptake) of heavy metals associated with the contaminated sediment before it is placed. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effect of admixing a specific chemical amendment (blast furnace slag) with slightly contaminated fresh-water sediment for reducing metal availability. Initial characterization tests of the un-amended sediment showed that the some of the metals analyzed were present in relatively available (non-residual) forms. Although sulfide was present in the un-amended sediment, the amount was not sufficient to bind all of the available metals. A series of metal availability testing methods indicated that the amendment of the sediment with blast furnace slag (4% on a dry weight ratio basis) had the potential to slightly reduce the availability of some, but not all of the available metals associated with the sediment. Results of the column and batch leaching tests showed that leachability of certain metals, such as barium, nickel and zinc, was reduced by the amendment, but the leachability of copper increased. The effect of the amendment for decreasing bioaccessibility for lead and arsenic was not demonstrated. The amended soil had a detrimental effect on most of the plant species that were evaluated. The metal availability results for the plant uptake tests were also mixed, with slightly lower uptake of certain metals by corn grown within the amended sediment. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Barth, E (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, ORD, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM barth.ed@epa.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 281 EP 300 DI 10.1080/15320380701285683 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 161SQ UT WOS:000246036500003 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Brooks, JR Lajtha, K AF Marshall, John D. Brooks, J. Renee Lajtha, Kate BE Michener, R Lajtha, K TI Sources of variation in the stable isotopic composition of plants SO STABLE ISOTOPES IN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 2ND EDITION SE Ecological Methods and Concepts LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS-EXCHANGE; TREE-RING CELLULOSE; GROWING-SEASON PRECIPITATION; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; LEAF WATER; DELTA-C-13 VALUES C1 [Marshall, John D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brooks, J. Renee] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Lajtha, Kate] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Environm Sci Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 NR 201 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-0-470-69185-4 J9 ECOL METHOD CONCEPT PY 2007 BP 22 EP 60 DI 10.1002/9780470691854.ch2 D2 10.1002/9780470691854 PG 39 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BEE45 UT WOS:000316289000003 ER PT S AU Hakstege, AL van Dessel, G Cnudde, T Hakstege, AL Hauge, A Hamer, K Detzner, HD van Dessel, G Cnudde, T de Weirdt, W Detzner, HD de Weirdt, W Hamer, K Ulbricht, JP Hamer, K Hakstege, AL Stern, EA Stern, EA Hamer, K van Dessel, G Hakstege, AL Harmsen, J Harmsen, J Harmsen, J Detzner, HD Hakstege, AL AF Hakstege, A. L. van Dessel, Geert Cnudde, Tom Hakstege, A. L. Hauge, Audun Hamer, Kay Detzner, Heinz-Dieter van Dessel, Geert Cnudde, Tom de Weirdt, Wouter Detzner, Heinz-Dieter de Weirdt, Wouter Hamer, Kay Ulbricht, Jan-Peter Hamer, Kay Hakstege, A. L. Stern, Eric A. Stern, Eric A. Hamer, Kay van Dessel, Geert Hakstege, A. L. Harmsen, Joop Harmsen, Joop Harmsen, Joop Detzner, Heinz-Dieter Hakstege, A. L. BE Bortone, G Palumbo, L TI Description of the Available Technology for Treatment and Disposal of Dredged Material SO SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SEDIMENT RESOURCES: SEDIMENT AND DREDGED MATERIAL TREATMENT SE Sustainable Managment of Sediment Resources LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HARBOR SEDIMENTS; REMEDIATION; RELEASE C1 [Hakstege, A. L.; Hakstege, A. L.; Hakstege, A. L.; Hakstege, A. L.; Hakstege, A. L.] Rijkswaterstaat Bouwdienst, NL-3502 LA Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Dessel, Geert; Cnudde, Tom; van Dessel, Geert; Cnudde, Tom; van Dessel, Geert] DEC NV, B-2070 Zwijndrecht, Belgium. [Hauge, Audun] Norges Geotekniske Inst, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. [Hamer, Kay; Hamer, Kay; Hamer, Kay; Hamer, Kay] Univ Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissensch, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Detzner, Heinz-Dieter; Detzner, Heinz-Dieter; Detzner, Heinz-Dieter] Hamburg Port Author, D-20457 Hamburg, Germany. [de Weirdt, Wouter; de Weirdt, Wouter] ENVISAN NV, B-9308 Holfstade, Aalst, Belgium. [Ulbricht, Jan-Peter] Hanseaten Stein Ziegelei GmbH, D-20539 Hamburg, Germany. [Stern, Eric A.; Stern, Eric A.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Harmsen, Joop; Harmsen, Joop; Harmsen, Joop] Wageningen UR, Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Hakstege, AL (reprint author), Rijkswaterstaat Bouwdienst, POB 20000, NL-3502 LA Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-1990 BN 978-0-08-046668-2 J9 SUS MANAGE SEDIMENT PY 2007 VL 2 BP 68 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S1872-1990(07)80016-X PG 51 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BCT87 UT WOS:000311383800004 ER PT S AU Palumbo, L Hakstege, AL Detzner, HD Stern, EA van Dessel, G Cnudde, T AF Palumbo, Leonardo Hakstege, A. L. Detzner, Heinz-Dieter Stern, Eric A. van Dessel, Geert Cnudde, Tom BE Bortone, G Palumbo, L TI Case Studies SO SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SEDIMENT RESOURCES: SEDIMENT AND DREDGED MATERIAL TREATMENT SE Sustainable Managment of Sediment Resources LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Palumbo, Leonardo] ENVIS Srl, Environm Innovat Syst, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Hakstege, A. L.] Rijkswaterstaat Bouwdienst, NL-3502 LA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Detzner, Heinz-Dieter] Hamburg Port Author, D-20457 Hamburg, Germany. [Stern, Eric A.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [van Dessel, Geert; Cnudde, Tom] DEC NV, B-2070 Zwijndrecht, Belgium. RP Palumbo, L (reprint author), ENVIS Srl, Environm Innovat Syst, Via Fanin 48, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-1990 BN 978-0-08-046668-2 J9 SUS MANAGE SEDIMENT PY 2007 VL 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S1872-1990(07)80021-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BCT87 UT WOS:000311383800009 ER PT S AU Murphy, E Korach, KS AF Murphy, E. Korach, K. S. BE Korach, KS Wintermantel, T TI Actions of estrogen and estrogen receptors in nonclassical target tissues SO TISSUE-SPECIFIC ESTROGEN ACTION: NOVEL MECHANISMS, NOVEL LIGANDS, NOVEL THERAPIES SE Ernst Schering Foundation Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tissue-Specific Estrogen Action CY MAR 01-03, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CYTOSOLIC FREE CALCIUM; ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; BETA(2)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UP-REGULATION; BETA AGONIST; RABBIT HEART; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Hormonal effects on classical endocrine target organs such as the female reproductive tract, mammary gland, ovary, and neuroendocrine system have been thoroughly studied, with significant advancements in our understanding of estrogen actions and disease conditions from both cell culture as well as new experimental animal models. Knowledge of the highly appreciated effects of estrogen in nonclassical endocrine organ systems, arising from epidemiological and clinical findings in the cardiovascular, immune, GI tract, and liver, is only now becoming clarified from the development and use of knock-out or transgenic animal models for the study of both estrogen and ER activities. There are considerable epidemiological data showing that premenopausal females (Barrett-Connor 1997; Crabbe et al. 2003) have reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. However, a recent large clinical trial failed to show cardioprotection for postmenopausal females on estrogen-progestin replacement (Rossouw et al. 2002). In fact, the Women's Health Initiative Study showed increased cardiovascular risk for females taking an estrogen-progestin combination. These studies suggest that we need a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for cardioprotection in females. C1 [Murphy, E.; Korach, K. S.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, 111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Korach, KS (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, 111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM korach@niehs.nih.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1866-9425 BN 978-3-540-49547-5 J9 ERNST SCHERING FOUND JI Ernst Schering Found. Symp. Proc. PY 2007 VL 1 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1007/2789_2006_014 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGT18 UT WOS:000250402800002 ER PT J AU Singh, BP Bushel, PR Malarkey, DE AF Singh, B. P. Bushel, P. R. Malarkey, D. E. TI Correlation of transcriptome profiles and histologic alterations for seven known rodent hepatotoxicants SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA P62 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300084 ER PT J AU Wancket, LM Davis, JP Guenther, BD Woznicki, GL Johnson, BW Wahlstrand, BD Maronpot, RR AF Wancket, L. M. Davis, J. P. Guenther, B. D. Woznicki, G. L. Johnson, B. W. Wahlstrand, B. D. Maronpot, R. R. TI Monitoring growth of DEN-induced mouse liver tumors using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. MRPath Inc, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA 67 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300089 ER PT J AU Yoshizawa, K Walker, NJ Jokinen, MP Brix, AE Sells, DM Nyska, A Wyde, ME AF Yoshizawa, K. Walker, N. J. Jokinen, M. P. Brix, A. E. Sells, D. M. Nyska, A. Wyde, M. E. TI Thyroid follicular lesions induced by oral treatment for two years with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in female harlan Sprague-Dawley rats SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Astellas Pharma Inc, Osaka, Japan. Charles River Co, Pathol Assoc, Cary, NC USA. Expt Pathol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Battelle Columbus Labs, Columbus, OH USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Toxicol Pathol, Timrat, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA P69 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300091 ER PT J AU Golomb, E Schneider, A Houminer, E Dunnick, J Kissling, GE Borman, J Nyska, A Schwalb, H AF Golomb, E. Schneider, A. Houminer, E. Dunnick, J. Kissling, G. E. Borman, J. Nyska, A. Schwalb, H. TI Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane impairs cardiac mitochondrial response to ischemic injury; Ex vivo assessment of the functional mitochondrial effect of a cardiotoxic agent SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hadassah Med Ctr, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA P72 BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300094 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, U Nyska, A Ledbetter, A Schladweiler, M Gottipolu, R Wallenborn, G Thomas, R Jaskot, R Richards, J Crissman, K Hatch, G Kissling, G Maronpot, R AF Kodavanti, U. Nyska, A. Ledbetter, A. Schladweiler, M. Gottipolu, R. Wallenborn, G. Thomas, R. Jaskot, R. Richards, J. Crissman, K. Hatch, G. Kissling, G. Maronpot, R. TI Cardiovascular diseases, susceptibility to oxidative injury and compensatory mechanisms: Insights from rodent models SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Toxicol Pathol, Timrat, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA P74 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300096 ER PT J AU Flagler, ND Ney, E Mahler, BW Maronpot, RR AF Flagler, N. D. Ney, E. Mahler, B. W. Maronpot, R. R. TI Publication images: The good, the bad, and the impossible SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA 80 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300102 ER PT J AU Flagler, ND Ney, E Mahler, BW Maronpot, RR AF Flagler, N. D. Ney, E. Mahler, B. W. Maronpot, R. R. TI Image ethics: To adjust or not to adjust SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 MA 79 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300101 ER PT J AU Mori, K Blackshear, PE Lobenhofer, EK Parker, JS Orzech, DP Roycroft, JH Walker, KL Johnson, KA Marsh, TA Irwin, RD Boorman, GA AF Mori, Kazuhiko Blackshear, Pamela E. Lobenhofer, Edward K. Parker, Joel S. Orzech, Denise P. Roycroft, Joseph H. Walker, Kimwa L. Johnson, Kennita A. Marsh, Tiwanda A. Irwin, Richard D. Boorman, Gary A. TI Hepatic transcript levels for genes coding for enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism are altered with age SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver; rat; transcriptome; aging; cytochrome P450; xenobiotic metabolism ID WISTAR RATS; DRUG-METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P450 ISOFORMS; SENESCENT MALE; FEMALE RATS; EXPRESSION; LIVER; SEX; INDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Metabolism studies are crucial for data interpretation from rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Metabolism studies are usually conducted in 6 to 8 week old rodents. Long-term studies often continue beyond 100 weeks of age. The potential for age-related changes in transcript levels of genes encoding for enzymes associated with metabolism was evaluated in the liver of male F344/N rats at 32, 58, and 84 weeks of age. Differential expression was found between the young and old rats for genes whose products are involved in both phase I and phase II metabolic pathways. Thirteen cytochrome P450 genes from CYP families 1-3 showed alterations in expression in the older rats. A marked age-related decrease in expression was found for 4 members of the Cyp3a family that are critical for drug metabolism in the rat. Immunohistochemical results confirmed a significant decrease in Cyp3a2 and Cyp2c11 protein levels with age. This indicates that the metabolic capacity of male rats changes throughout a long-term study. Conducting multiple hepatic microarray analyses during the conduct of a long-term study can provide a global view of potential metabolic changes that might occur. Alterations that are considered crucial to the interpretation of long-term study results could then be confirmed by subsequent metabolic studies. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Cogenics, Morrisville, NC 27564 USA. Constella Grp Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Boorman, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM boorman@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-25497, ES-35513] NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1080/01926230601156286 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 148ZZ UT WOS:000245117200005 PM 17366318 ER PT J AU Heinloth, AN Boorman, GA Foley, JF Flagler, ND Paules, RS AF Heinloth, Alexandra N. Boorman, Gary A. Foley, Julie F. Flagler, Norris D. Paules, Richard S. TI Gene expression analysis offers unique advantages to histopathology in liver biopsy evaluations SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE histopathology; toxicogenomics; liver; microarray; biopsy; acetaminophen ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; SAMPLING VARIABILITY; CELL-DEATH; ACETAMINOPHEN; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; NECROSIS; INJURY; HEPATOTOXICITY; INVOLVEMENT AB Liver diseases that induce nonuniform lesions often give rise to greatly varying histopathology results in needle biopsy samples from the same patient. This study examines whether gene expression analysis of such biopsies could provide a more representative picture of the overall condition of the liver. We utilized acetaminophen (APAP) as a model hepatotoxicant that gives a multifocal pattern of necrosis following toxic doses. Rats were treated with a single toxic or subtoxic dose of APAP and sacrificed 6, 24, or 48 hours after exposure. Left liver lobes were harvested, and both gene expression and histopathological analysis were per-formed on biopsy-sized samples. While histopathological evaluation of such small samples revealed significant sample to sample differences after toxic doses of APAR gene expression analysis provided a very homogeneous picture and allowed clear distinction between subtoxic and toxic doses. The main biological function differentiating animals that received sub-toxic from those that had received toxic doses was an acute stress response at 6 hours and signs of energy depletion at later time points. Our results suggest that the use of genomic analysis of biopsy samples together with histopathological analysis could provide a more precise representation of the overall condition of a patient's liver than histopathological evaluation alone. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIEHS, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Paules, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIEHS, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Microarray Grp, 111 Alexander Dr,Mail Drop D2-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM paules@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-95446, ES-25497] NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1080/01926230601178207 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 148ZZ UT WOS:000245117200009 PM 17366322 ER PT J AU Dunnick, JK Kissling, G Gerken, DK Vallant, MA Nyska, A AF Dunnick, J. K. Kissling, G. Gerken, D. K. Vallant, M. A. Nyska, A. TI Cardiotoxicity of Ma Huang/caffeine or ephedrine/caffeine in a rodent model system SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiotoxicity; Ma Huang; ephedra; ephedrine; caffeine ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; EPHEDRA ALKALOIDS; CALCIUM-ENTRY; CA2+ RELEASE; HEK293 CELLS; CAFFEINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; COMBINATION; PATHWAYS; RATS AB Ma Huang (equivalent to 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg ephedrine) or ephedrine (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg) were administered as one bolus oral dose to male F344 rats with and without caffeine. The herbal medicine Ma Huang (ephedra) in combination with caffeine caused rapid clinical signs of toxicity including salivation, hyperactivity, ataxia, and eventually lethargy, and failure to respond to stimuli. When this syndrome of clinical signs emerged, animals were moribund sacrificed, and a histological analysis for heart lesions performed. Cardiotoxicity included hemorrhage, necrosis, and degeneration in the ventricles or interventricular septum within 2-4 hours after treatment with Ma Huang (ephedra)/caffeine or ephedrine (the principal active component in Ma Huang)/caffeine. There was a steep dose response curve for cardiotoxicity with minimal toxicity seen at levels of Ma Huang (equivalent to 12.5 mg/kg ephedrine) with caffeine. However, cardiotoxic lesions occurred in 28% of animals with Ma Huang dosages equivalent to 25 mg/kg ephedrine with 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine, and in 90% of animals at Ma Huang exposures equivalent to 50 mg/kg ephedrine with 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine. Cardiotoxic lesions occurred in 47% of animals in the 25 mg/kg ephedrine groups with caffeine at 7.25, 15, or 30 mg/kg. There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of cardiotoxic lesions when 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine was combined with Ma Huang equivalent to 25 or 50 mg/kg ephedrine; likewise there was no statistical difference in the occurrence of cardiotoxic lesions when 7.25, 15, or 30 mg/kg caffeine was combined with 25 mg/kg ephedrine. These results show that the cardiotoxic effects of the herbal medicine, Ma Huang, are similar to that of ephedrine, the principal active ingredient in the herbal medicine. The combination of Ma Huang or ephedrine with caffeine enhanced the cardiotoxicity over that with the herbal medicine or the active ingredient alone. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Dunnick, JK (reprint author), PO Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dunnickj@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-65406, N01ES55547] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1080/0192623001459978 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 217KU UT WOS:000249947600004 PM 17676524 ER PT J AU Walker, NJ Yoshizawa, K Miller, RA Brix, AE Sells, DM Jokinen, MP Wyde, ME Easterling, M Nyska, A AF Walker, Nigel J. Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko Miller, Rodney A. Brix, Amy E. Sells, Donald M. Jokinen, Micheal P. Wyde, Michael E. Easterling, Michael Nyska, Abraham TI Pulmonary lesions in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats following two-year oral treatment with dioxin-like compounds SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung; cystic keratinizing epithelioma; bronchiolar metaplasia; carcinogenesis; mixtures; TEFs ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; RETINOIC ACID; DOSE LEVELS; LUNG; EXPOSURE; INDUCTION; VITAMIN AB Dioxin and dioxin-related compounds have been associated with high incidences of pulmonary dysfunctions and/or cancers in humans. To evaluate the relative potencies of effects of these compounds, the National Toxicology Program completed a series of two-year bioassays which were conducted using female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were treated orally for up to 2 years with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3,3', 4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), and a ternary mixture of TCDD, PCB126 and PeCDF. In addition to treatment-related effects reported in other organs, a variety of pulmonary lesions were observed that were related to exposure. Pulmonary CYP1A1-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was increased in all dosed groups. The most common non-neoplastic lesions, which occurred in all studies, were bronchiolar metaplasia and squamous metaplasia of the alveolar epithelium. Cystic keratinizing epithelioma was the most commonly observed neoplasm which occurred in all studies. A low incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was associated only with PCB126 treatment. Potential mechanisms leading to altered differentiation and/or proliferation of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelia may be through CYP1A1 induction or disruption of retinoid metabolism. C1 [Walker, Nigel J.; Wyde, Michael E.; Nyska, Abraham] Natl Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko] Astellas Pharma Inc, Drug Safety Labs, Osaka, Japan. [Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko] Kansai Med Univ, Osaka, Japan. [Miller, Rodney A.; Brix, Amy E.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Sells, Donald M.] Columbus Labs, Columbus, OH USA. [Jokinen, Micheal P.] A Charles River Co, Pathol Assoc Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Easterling, Michael] Constella Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Walker, NJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, 111 Alexander Dr Po Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM walker3@niehs.nih.gov RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 880 EP 889 DI 10.1080/01926230701748396 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 243JO UT WOS:000251792800004 PM 18098034 ER PT J AU Dix, DJ Houck, KA Martin, MT Richard, AM Setzer, RW Kavlock, RJ AF Dix, David J. Houck, Keith A. Martin, Matthew T. Richard, Ann M. Setzer, R. Woodrow Kavlock, Robert J. TI The ToxCast program for prioritizing toxicity testing of environmental chemicals SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE high-throughput screening; toxicogenomics; chemoinformatics; bioinformatics ID IN-VITRO; MOLECULAR LIBRARIES; DRUG DISCOVERY; TARGET; MODEL; CYTOTOXICITY; METABOLISM; DATABASE; ASSAY; HTS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing methods for utilizing computational chemistry, high-throughput screening (HTS), and various toxicogenomic technologies to predict potential for toxicity and prioritize limited testing resources toward chemicals that likely represent the greatest hazard to human health and the environment. This chemical prioritization research program, entitled "ToxCast," is being initiated with the purpose of developing the ability to forecast toxicity based on bioactivity profiling. The proof-of-concept phase of ToxCast data. This set of several hundred reference chemicals will represent numerous structural classes and phenotypic outcomes, including tumorigens, developmental and reproductive toxicants, neurotoxicants, and immunotoxicants. The ToxCast program will evaluate chemical properties and bioactivity profiles across a broad spectrum of data domains: physical-chemical, predicted biological activities based on existing structure-activity models, biochemical properties based on HTS assays, cell-based phenotypic assays, and genomic and metabolomic analysis of cells. These data will be generated through a series of external contracts, along with collaberations across EPA, with the National Toxicology Program, and with the National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Centre. The resulting multidimensional data set provides an informatics challange requiring appropriate computational methods for integrating various chemical, biological, and toxicologic data into profiles and models predicting toxicity. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, D343 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Martin, Matthew/A-1982-2013 OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-8096-9908 NR 31 TC 330 Z9 340 U1 10 U2 63 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl103 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300002 PM 16963515 ER PT J AU Chiu, WA Micallef, S Monster, AC Bois, FY AF Chiu, Weihsueh A. Micallef, Sandrine Monster, Aart C. Bois, Frederic Y. TI Toxicokinetics of inhaled trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in humans at 1 ppm: Empirical results and comparisons with previous studies SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE biotransformation and toxicokinetics; pharmacokinetics/toxicokinetics; risk assessment; dosimetry; volatile organic compounds ID DOSE-DEPENDENT EXCRETION; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; POPULATION TOXICOKINETICS; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; KIDNEY TUMORIGENESIS; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PBPK MODEL; METABOLITES AB Trichloroethylene (TRI) and tetrachloroethylene (TETRA) are solvents that have been widely used in a variety of industries, and both are widespread environmental contaminants. In order to provide a better basis for understanding their toxicokinetics at environmental exposures, seven human volunteers were exposed by inhalation to 1 ppm of TRI or TETRA for 6 h, with biological samples collected for analysis during exposure and up to 6-days postexposure. Concentrations of TRI, TETRA, free trichloroethanol (TCOH), total TCOH (free TCOH plus glucuronidated TCOH), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were determined in blood and urine; TRI and TETRA concentrations were measured in alveolar breath. Toxicokinetic time courses and empirical analyses of classical toxicokinetic parameters were compared with those reported in previous human volunteer studies, most of which involved exposures that were at least 10-fold higher. Qualitatively, TRI and TETRA toxicokinetics were consistent with previous human studies. Quantitatively, alveolar retention and clearance by exhalation were similar to those found previously but blood and urine data suggest a number of possible toxicokinetic differences. For TRI, data from the current study support lower apparent blood-air partition coefficients, greater apparent metabolic clearance, less TCA production, and greater glucuronidation of TCOH as compared to previous studies. For TETRA, the current data suggest TCA formation that is similar or slightly lower than that of previous studies. Variability and uncertainty in empirical estimates of total TETRA metabolism are substantial, with confidence intervals among different studies substantially overlapping. Relative contributions to observed differences from concentration-dependent toxicokinetics and interindividual and interoccasion variability remain to be determined. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Coronel Inst, NL-1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands. Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques, Unite Toxicol Expt, F-60550 Vernuil En Halatte, France. RP Chiu, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chiu.weihsueh@epa.gov RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl129 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300004 PM 17032701 ER PT J AU Walker, CC Salinas, KA Harris, PS Wilkinson, SS Watts, JD Hemmer, MJ AF Walker, Calvin C. Salinas, Kimberly A. Harris, Peggy S. Wilkinson, Sherry S. Watts, James D. Hemmer, Michael J. TI A proteomic (SELDI-TOF-MS) approach to estrogen agoinst screening SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EDC; protein profiling; SELDI; fish; sheepshead minnow; estrogen ID ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; ENVELOPE PROTEINS; EGGSHELL PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; BIOMARKER; FISH; NONYLPHENOL; INDUCTION; MINNOW AB A small fish model and surface-enhance laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to investigate plasma protein expression as a means to screen chemicals for estrogenic activity. Adult male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were placed into aquaria for seawater control, solvent control, and treatments of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), methoxychlor (MXC), bisphenol-A (BPA), 4-tert-pentylphenol (TTP), endosulfan (ES), and chlorpyriphos (CP). Fish plasma was applied to weak cation exchange (CM10) ProteinChip arrays, processed, and analyzed. The array produced approximately 42 peaks for E2 plasma and 30 peaks for solvent control plasma. Estrogen-responsive mass spectral biomarker peaks were identified by comparison of E2-treated and control plasma spectra. Thirteen potential protein biomarkers with a range from 1 to 13 kDa were up- or downregulated in E2-treated fish and their performance as estrogenic effects markers was evaluated by comparing spectra from control, estrogen agonist, and nonagonist stressor-treated males and normal female fish plasma. One of the biomarkers, mass-to-charge ratio 3025.5, was identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry as C. variegatus zona radiata protein, fragment 2. The weak environmental estrogens MXC, BPA, and TPP elicited protein expression profiles consistent with the estrogen expression model. Estrogen-responsive peaks were not detected in plasma from fish in the seawater, vehicle, ES, or CP treatments. No difference was found between plasma protein expression of seawater control and solvent control fish. We show that water exposure of fish to estrogen agonists produces distinct plasma protein biomarkers that can be reproducibly detected at low levels using protein chips and mass spectrometry. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Walker, CC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM walker.calvin@epa.gov RI Salinas, Kimberly/B-6853-2009 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl079 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300007 PM 16917070 ER PT J AU Takacs, ML Abbott, BD AF Takacs, Margy L. Abbott, Barbara D. TI Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (alpha, beta/delta, gamma) by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PPAR; PFOA; PFOS; transient transfection assay; Cos-1 cells ID PPAR-GAMMA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FATTY-ACIDS; EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; RAT; DELTA; BETA; TOXICOLOGY AB This study evaluates the potential for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), using a transient transfection cell assay. Cos-1 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Minimal Essential Medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum in 96-well plates and transfected with mouse or human PPAR alpha, beta/delta, or gamma reporter plasmids. Transfected cells were exposed to PFOA (0.5-100 mu M), PFOS (1-250 mu M), positive controls (i.e., known agonists and antagonists), and negative controls (i.e., DMEM, 0.1% water, and 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide). Following treatment for 24 111, activity was measured using the Luciferase reporter assay. In this assay, PFOA had more transactivity than PFOS with both the mouse and human PPAR isoforms. PFOA significantly increased mouse and human PPAR alpha and mouse PPAR beta/delta activity relative to vehicle. PFOS significantly increased activation of mouse PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta isoforms. No significant activation of mouse or human PPAR gamma was observed with PFOA or PFOS. The PPAR alpha antagonist, MK-886, significantly suppressed PFOA and PFOS activity of mouse and human PPAR alpha. The PPAR gamma antagonist, GW9662, significantly suppressed PFOA activity on the human isoform. In conclusion, this study characterized the dose response and differential activation of mouse and human PPAR alpha, beta/delta, gamma by PFOA and PFOS. While this model allows opportunities to compare potential activation by perfluoroalkyl acids, it only evaluates the interaction and activation of the PPAR reporter constructs and is not necessarily predictive of a toxicological response in vivo. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Bldg,2525 E Highway 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 57 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 7 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl135 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300011 PM 17047030 ER PT J AU Herr, DW Graff, JE Moser, VC Crofton, KM Little, PB Morgan, DL Sills, RC AF Herr, David W. Graff, Jaimie E. Moser, Virginia C. Crofton, Kevin M. Little, Peter B. Morgan, Daniel L. Sills, Robert C. TI Inhalational exposure to carbonyl sulfide produces altered brainstem auditory and somatosensory-evoked potentials in Fischer 344N rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 06-10, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Toxicol DE carbonyl sulfide; evoked potentials; BAER; SEP; CNAP; NCV ID LONG-EVANS RATS; DISULFIDE NEUROTOXICITY; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; MIDBRAIN DEAFNESS; VISUAL-SYSTEM; WORD DEAFNESS; HOODED RATS; WAVE-FORM; FLASH; STIMULATION AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS), a chemical listed by the original Clean Air Act, was tested for neurotoxicity by a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency collaborative investigation. Previous studies demonstrated that COS produced cortical and brainstem lesions and altered auditory neurophysiological responses to click stimuli. This paper reports the results of expanded neurophysiological examinations that were an integral part of the previously published experiments (Morgan et al., 2004, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 200, 131-145; Sills et al., 2004, Toxicol. Pathol. 32, 1-10). Fisher 334N rats were exposed to 0, 200, 300, or 400 ppm COS for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks, or to 0, 300, or 400 ppm COS for 2 weeks using whole-body inhalation chambers. After treatment, the animals were studied using neurophysiological tests to examine: peripheral nerve function, somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) (tail/hindlimb and facial cortical regions), brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs), and visual flash-evoked potentials (2-week study). Additionally, the animals exposed for 2 weeks were examined using a functional observational battery (FOB) and response modification audiometry (RMA). Peripheral nerve function was not altered for any exposure scenario. Likewise, amplitudes of SEPs recorded from the cerebellum were not altered by treatment with COS. In contrast, amplitudes and latencies of SEPs recorded from cortical areas were altered after 12-week exposure to 400 ppm COS. The SEP waveforms were changed to a greater extent after forelimb stimulation than tail stimulation in the 2-week study. The most consistent findings were decreased amplitudes of BAER peaks associated with brainstem regions after exposure to 400 ppm COS. Additional BAER peaks were affected after 12 weeks, compared to 2 weeks of treatment, indicating that additional regions of the brainstem were damaged with longer exposures. The changes in BAERs were observed in the absence of altered auditory responsiveness in FOB or RMA. This series of experiments demonstrates that COS produces changes in brainstem auditory and cortical somatosensory neurophysiological responses that correlate with previously described histopathological damage. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, NTD, NPTB,Neurotoxicol Div,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Chalk River Labs, Pathol Associates Div, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Herr, DW (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, NTD, NPTB,Neurotoxicol Div,ORD, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM herr.david@epamail.epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 85 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 118 EP 135 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl146 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300012 PM 17079700 ER PT J AU Goetz, AK Ren, HZ Schmid, JE Blystone, CR Thillainadarajah, I Best, DS Nichols, HP Strader, LF Wolf, DC Narotsky, MG Rockett, JC Dix, DJ AF Goetz, Amber K. Ren, Hongzu Schmid, Judith E. Blystone, Chad R. Thillainadarajah, Inthirany Best, Deborah S. Nichols, Harriette P. Strader, Lillian F. Wolf, Douglas C. Narotsky, Michael G. Rockett, John C. Dix, David J. TI Disruption of testosterone homeostasis as a mode of action for the reproductive toxicity of triazole fungicides in the male rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE myclobutanil; propiconazole; triadimefon; development; steroidgenesis ID CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; SPINAL NUCLEUS; LIVER; MOUSE; INHIBITION; AROMATASE; MICE; RECOMMENDATIONS; CHARACTERIZE AB Triazole function associated with a range of reported male reproductive effects in experimental animals were selected to assess potential toxic modes of action. Wistar Han rats were fed myclobutanil (M: 100, 500, or 2000 ppm) from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 120. One male per litter was necropsied on PND1, 22, 50, or 92. Measurements included anogenital distance (AGD) at PND0, body and organ weights, serum hormone levels, age at pereputial seperatin (PPS), sperm morphology and motility, and fertility and fecundity. AGD was increased by the high dose of all three triazoles, indicating hypervirilization. Triadimefon delayed PPS, consistant with delayed puberty, at 1800 ppm. Relative liver weights were increased at PND1, 50 and 92 by all three triazoles. Heptocellular hypertrophy was present at PND50 from propiconazole and triadimefon and at PND92 from all three high-dose triazole treatments. Relative pituitary weights were decreased at PND92 by middle- and high-dose myclobutanil, at PND22 by myclobutanil and traidimefon, and at PND50 by propiconazole and traidimefon treatment. Serum testosterone was increased at PND50 by triadimefon and at PND92/99 by all three triazole treatments. Insemination and fertility were impaired by myclobutanil and triadimefon treatment. In addition to the reproductive system effects, total serum thyroxine levels were decreased at PND92 by high-dose triadimefon. these reproductive effects are consistant with the disruption of testosterone homeostasis as a key event in the mode of action for traizole-induced reproductive toxicity. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Mail Drop D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl124 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300023 PM 17018648 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM Harrill, JA Wolansky, MJ AF Crofton, Kevin M. Harrill, Joshua A. Wolansky, Marcelo J. TI Comments on: Effect of prenatal exposure of deltamethrin on the ontogeny of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s in the brain and liver of offsprings [Johri et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 214 : 279-289, 2006] SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES C1 US EPA, Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD-B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 218 IS 1 BP 96 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.10.020 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 129MQ UT WOS:000243734000012 PM 17157340 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Hughes, RM Lomnicky, GA Peck, DV AF Whittier, Thomas R. Hughes, Robert M. Lomnicky, Gregg A. Peck, David V. TI Fish and amphibian tolerance values and an assemblage tolerance index for streams and rivers in the western USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; WATER; CALIFORNIA; INTENSITY; QUALITY; DIATOMS; OREGON; SCALE; IBI AB Aquatic species' tolerances to overall human disturbance are key components of biological assessments of aquatic ecosystems. These tolerance classifications enable development of metrics for use in multimetric indexes, such as the index of biotic integrity (IBI). Usually, species are classified as being tolerant, moderately tolerant, or intolerant (sensitive) to human disturbance. Traditionally, for fish-based IBIs, these assignments are based on a combination of professional judgment and information from state fish books. We used fish and amphibian species data in conjunction with chemical, physical, and landscape indicators of human disturbance collected at 1,001 stream and river sites in 12 western states (USA) sampled by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in 2000-2004. Using principal components analyses, we created synthetic disturbance variables for water nutrients, site-scale physical habitat, catchment-scale land use, and overall human disturbance. We calculated species' tolerance values for the four synthetic disturbance variables as weighted (by relative abundances) averages plus SDs. For each site, we used the tolerance values (based on the overall synthetic disturbance variables) and relative abundances of species to calculate an assemblage tolerance index (ATI) score. We discuss (1) bow the tolerance values could be used in establishing species tolerance classifications appropriate for regional species pools and (2) potential application of the ATI to the IBI and to bioassessments in general. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov NR 50 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 254 EP 271 DI 10.1577/T06-094.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900022 ER PT J AU Davies, J Grant, M Venezia, J Aamidor, J AF Davies, John Grant, Michael Venezia, John Aamidor, Joseph TI Greenhouse gas emissions of the US transportation sector - Trends, uncertainties, and methodological improvements SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The transportation sector accounted for almost 28% of total U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2004, according to Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2004, published in 2006 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Over the period 1990 to 2004, GHG emissions from the transportation sector increased at the fastest rate of any end-use economic sector in the United States and accounted for the largest absolute increase of any of these sectors. The largest sources of U.S. transportation GHG emissions continued to be light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, and aircraft. While these three modes demonstrated increases in travel activity from 1990 to 2004, their GHG growth rates differed considerably: GHGs from heavy-duty trucks increased by 62%, light-duty vehicles by 23%, and commercial aircraft by only about 10%. This paper (a) analyzes factors affecting transportation GHG emissions in the United States, including the output from specific modes and travel purposes; (b) examines sources of uncertainty in these estimates; and (c) describes methodological improvements used in EPA's 1990-2004 inventory and other planned improvements. C1 [Davies, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Grant, Michael; Aamidor, Joseph] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Venezia, John] World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Davies, J (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 6401A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM davies.john@epa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2017 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.3141/2017-06 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 263RU UT WOS:000253235000006 ER PT S AU DeGraff, JV Rogow, M Trainor, P AF DeGraff, Jerome V. Rogow, Michelle Trainor, Pat BE DeGraff, JV TI Approaches to contamination at mercury mill sites: Examples from California and Idaho SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE mercury mill; calcine; retort; western United States AB Abandoned or inactive mercury mines are found throughout the western United States. Mercury contamination from these mines has migrated into a variety of different media in varying forms. Cleanups and mitigation projects have been undertaken by various agencies and private entities at a number of these mines, although many remain to be addressed. Although each cleanup has similar objectives, such as source control, the methods employed in each area of the site may differ. By having an understanding of mercury and its effects and assessing different methods used at mercury-mine cleanups, future actions can be more effective at addressing the variety of issues posed by mercury contamination at former extraction and processing sites. This paper provides background on mercury, its occurrences, its health effects, and the mercury mining process. Four cleanup sites that utilized different methods for addressing mercury contamination illustrate how different sources at abandoned mercury mill sites may be addressed to mitigate impacts. C1 [DeGraff, Jerome V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Rogow, Michelle] US EPA, Emergency Response Sect, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Trainor, Pat] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. RP DeGraff, JV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 115 EP 134 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(07) PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300008 ER PT S AU Bostick, K Day, N Adams, B Ward, DB AF Bostick, Kent Day, Norm Adams, Bill Ward, David B. BE DeGraff, JV TI Approaches to site characterization, reclamation of uranium mine overburden, and neutralization of a mine pond at the White King-Lucky Lass mines site near Lakeview, Oregon SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE uranium; arsenic; thorium; radium; radon; acid mine drainage; open pit; overburden; groundwater; surface water; neutralization; fracture flow; sulfides AB Remediation of uranium mine overburden and an acidic mine pond at the White King-Lucky Lass mines near Lakeview, Oregon was completed in November 2006. The site was remediated under Superfund due to risk from arsenic and radium-226 in overburden soils. Separate clean-up standards were developed for each mine site for arsenic and radium-226 due to differing ore-body geochemistry. Gamma surveys were used to identify overburden with elevated radium-226 activities and to provide confirmation of visual clean-up of materials. Because arsenic is collocated with radium-226 at the White King mine, gamma surveys reduced the number of arsenic confirmation samples. Secular equilibrium in the uranium-238 decay series was used to determine the extent of leaching of uranium-238 and daughter products from overburden to groundwater. Trilinear geochemical analysis distinguished mineralized groundwater within the ore bodies from regional groundwater and detected any influence from seepage from overburden piles. Remedial actions include neutralization of an acidic mine pond and consolidation of elevated-activity overburden into a pile with a soil/rock cover at White King mine. Ecological toxicity studies determined that neutralization of the pond would provide a benthic community supportive of aquatic wildlife. An overburden pile at the Lucky Lass mine and disturbed areas were covered with clean soil. The remedial actions comply with State of Oregon siting regulations, which required removal of radioactive overburden from the 500-year flood plain. Protection of human health is assured by institutional controls to prevent use of mineralized groundwater and by fencing to prevent site access. C1 [Bostick, Kent] Profess Project Serv, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Day, Norm] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Adams, Bill] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ward, David B.] Jacobs Engn Inc, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bostick, K (reprint author), Profess Project Serv, 545 Oak Ridge Turnpike, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(08) PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300009 ER PT S AU Foote, M Joyce, H Nordwick, S Bless, D AF Foote, Martin Joyce, Helen Nordwick, Suzzann Bless, Diana BE DeGraff, JV TI Passive treatment of acid rock drainage from a subsurface mine SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE acid drainage; sulfate reduction; metal removal; biological metal contamination AB Acidic metal-contaminated drainages are a critical problem facing many areas of the world. Acid rock drainage results when metal sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, are oxidized by exposure to oxygen and water. The deleterious effects of these drainages on receiving streams are well known. To address this problem, efforts are being made to use biological processes as an innovative, cost-effective means for treating acidic metal-contaminated drainage. Biological sulfate reduction (BSR) technology can be adapted to diverse site conditions and water chemistry. The Lilly mine near the community of Elliston, Montana, illustrates some of the specific conditions that can challenge effective application of BSR technology. C1 [Foote, Martin; Joyce, Helen; Nordwick, Suzzann] MSE Technol Applicat Inc, Mike Mansfield Adv Technol Ctr, Butte, MT 59702 USA. [Bless, Diana] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Foote, M (reprint author), MSE Technol Applicat Inc, Mike Mansfield Adv Technol Ctr, POB 4078, Butte, MT 59702 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(09) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300010 ER PT S AU McLemore, VT Smith, KS Russell, CC AF McLemore, Virginia T. Smith, Kathleen S. Russell, Carol C. BE DeGraff, JV TI Sampling and monitoring for closure SO UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AT MINE SITES IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE mine-life cycle; mine closure; mine drainage AB An important aspect of planning a new mine or mine expansion within the modern regulatory framework is to design for ultimate closure. Sampling and monitoring for closure is a form of environmental risk management. By implementing a sampling and monitoring program early in the life of the mining operation, major costs can be avoided or minimized. The costs for treating mine drainage in perpetuity are staggering, especially if they are unanticipated. The Metal Mining Sector of the Acid Drainage Technology Initiative (ADTI-MMS), a cooperative government-industry-academia organization, was established to address drainage-quality technologies of metal mining and metallurgical operations. ADTI-MMS recommends that sampling and monitoring programs consider the entire mine-life cycle and that data needed for closure of an operation be collected from exploration through postclosure. C1 [McLemore, Virginia T.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Smith, Kathleen S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Russell, Carol C.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP McLemore, VT (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM ginger@gis.nmt.edu; ksmith@usgs.gov; russell.carol@epa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4117-8 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 17 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1130/2007.4017(11) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLY33 UT WOS:000271427300012 ER PT S AU Muller, F Jones, KB Krauze, K Li, BL Victorov, S Petrosillo, I Zurlini, G Kepner, WG AF Mueller, Felix Jones, K. Bruce Krauze, Kinga Li, Bai-Lian Victorov, Sergey Petrosillo, Irene Zurlini, Giovanni Kepner, William G. BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mueller, Felix] Univ Kiel, Ctr Ecol, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Jones, K. Bruce] USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA USA. [Krauze, Kinga] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Hyrol, Lodsch, Poland. [Li, Bai-Lian] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Ecol Complex & Modeling Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Victorov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Methods Geol, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Petrosillo, Irene; Zurlini, Giovanni] Univ Salento, Lab Landscape Ecol, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Lecce, Italy. [Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Muller, F (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Ctr Ecol, Olshaussenstr 75, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM fmueller@ecology.uni-kiel.de; fmueller@ecology.uni-kiel.de NR 36 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900002 ER PT S AU Nikolova, M Nedkov, S Iankov, S Semmens, D AF Nikolova, Maryiana Nedkov, Stoyan Iankov, Stoyan Semmens, Darius BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND LANDSCAPE-HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN THE YANTRA RIVER BASIN, BULGARIA SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landscape modeling; water quality; hazard assessment AB The objective of the present work is to analyze the role of landscape for environmental security in the Yantra River Basin, exploring its relationships with river-water quality and flood hazard. The relationship between landscape and river-water quality is analyzed on the basis of landscape indicators and assessment tools like Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) and Analytical Tools Interface for Landscape Assessment (ATtILA). The relationship between landscape and flood hazard is explored using set of flood-hazard indicators and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results from ATtILA implementation show that the main sources of nitrogen loading are the agricultural landscapes and the urban areas in the river basin. The SWAT simulation is done for three scenarios in which land cover (forest lands) changes are related to flood hazard. For the most unfavorable scenario, decreasing forest lands, a significant increase of the river discharge is predicted. The degree of environmental security depends strongly on the specific spatial patterns of landscape change in the river basin. C1 [Nikolova, Maryiana; Nedkov, Stoyan; Iankov, Stoyan] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Semmens, Darius] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Nikolova, M (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Akad G Bonchev Str,Bl 3, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM mn@bas.bg NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 209 EP 224 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900019 ER PT S AU Kepner, WG Hernandez, M Semmens, DJ Goodrich, DC AF Kepner, William G. Hernandez, Mariano Semmens, Darius J. Goodrich, David C. BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI THE USE OF SCENARIO ANALYSIS TO ASSESS FUTURE LANDSCAPE CHANGE ON WATERSHED CONDITION IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST (USA) SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alternative futures analysis; hydrologic modeling; watershed assessment; environmental security; geographic information systems; landscape indicators; landscape characterization; Oregon; Willamette River ID LAND AB The ability to assess, report, and forecast the life support functions of ecosystems is absolutely critical to our capacity to make informed decisions which will maintain the sustainable nature of our environmental services and secure these resources into the future. Scenario analysis combined with landscape sciences can be used to characterize uncertainties, test possible impacts and evaluate responses, assist strategic planning and policy formulation, and structure current knowledge to scope the range of potential future conditions. In this study, potential impacts from three wide-ranging scenarios in a large regional area in the northwest United States are compared to current conditions (ca. 1990) of the region in terms of a set of processes that are modeled in a geographic information system (GIS). This study presents an integrated approach to identify areas with potential water quality problems as a result of land cover change projected by stakeholders within the basin. Landscape metrics in conjunction with hydrological process models were used to examine the contribution of land use/land cover to water and sediment yield and identify subwatersheds within the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, USA) that would be most affected in the year 2050 relative to three possible future scenarios which include inherent differences related to conservation, planning, and open development. Specifically, this study provides one example of the use of landscape sciences for environmental assessment that examines the impact of both urban and agricultural development in a large river basin. In particular, it attempts to (1) answer questions that relate to future scenarios that describe contrary positions related to urban development, (2) provide information which can be used to assess the potential changes of the landscape relative to human use, and (3) provide options that could be useful for sustainable management of natural resources and thus minimize future hydrologic and environmental impacts. C1 [Kepner, William G.; Hernandez, Mariano; Semmens, Darius J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Goodrich, David C.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Kepner, WG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM kepner.william@epa.gov; kepner.william@epa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 237 EP 261 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900021 ER PT S AU Jones, KB Hamann, S Nash, MS Neale, AC Kepner, WG Wade, TG Walker, J Muller, F Zurlini, G Zaccarelli, N Jongman, R Nedkov, S Knight, CG AF Jones, K. Bruce Hamann, Sharon Nash, Maliha S. Neale, Annie C. Kepner, William G. Wade, Timothy G. Walker, Joe Mueller, Felix Zurlini, Giovanni Zaccarelli, Nicola Jongman, Rob Nedkov, Stoyan Knight, C. Gregory BE Petrosillo, I Muller, F Jones, KB Zurlini, G Krauze, K Victorov, S Li, BL Kepner, WG TI CROSS-EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE ANALYSES: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES USING EXISTING SPATIAL DATA SO USE OF LANDSCAPE SCIENCES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landscape metrics; European landscape analysis; integrated analysis; catchments; goods and services ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; LAND-USE CHANGE; INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; MULTIPLE SCALES; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; NUTRIENT CRITERIA; RIVER-BASINS; PATTERNS; MODEL AB Thirty-nine landscape metrics related to (1) conditions of terrestrial habitat, water quality, and ecosystem productivity, (2) potential pressures on or stresses to environmental resources, and (3) changes in conditions, were generated for Europe from existing spatial data. The core land cover data used were available at resolution scales of 1 km (International Geosphere Biosphere Program or IGBP) and 100 m (Corine). These core data were used to calculate landscape metrics on water catchments (average area of approximately 2,500 km(2) for 1,888 catchments) and on 64 km(2) areas to capture finer-scale patterns. We also calculated the same metrics using finer-scale landscape data on the Yantra River Basin of north-central Bulgaria, permitting a comparison to broader-scale results from across Europe. We found that data to calculate all of the metrics did not exist for all of Europe and this resulted in analysis of two different spatial extents of Europe and different mixes of metrics in the landscape analyses. The Corine data set did not cover all of Europe but where it existed it was available for the approximate periods of 1990 and 2000. Greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index or NDVI) estimates were available for all of Europe for approximately the same time period (19922003), but at a resolution scale of 64 km(2). These data sets in total offered an opportunity to compare results for the different metric sets used, and different spatial scales and changes in values between sample times. The results showed some differences in several key metrics between the different data sets but that it was possible to map areas with regards to relative condition with reasonable agreement. As expected the 64 km(2) analysis units showed greater detail and variation in landscape conditions and change than did catchments. However, the relatively course-scaled nature of the stream and river database for Europe precluded an analysis of riparian habitat conditions on the 64 km(2) areas. Overall changes in the landscape metric values between the 1990 and 2000 sample times were small, but there was considerable spatial variation in the amount of gain or loss. For example, relatively large percent gains in forests were observed in Spain, southern France, and in east-central Europe, whereas relatively large percent losses were observed in southwest France and western Spain. Forest change was inversely associated (from most to least important) with changes in shrubland, total agriculture, grassland, and urban land cover (p < 0.05). Agriculture lands were inversely (in decreasing order of importance) associated with changes in grassland, forest, shrubland, and urban land cover. However, because the Corine 1990 and 2000 databases were created from different methodologies, the change results must be interpreted with caution. On average, Europe became significantly greener between 1992 and 2003. Significant (p < 0.05) positive trends in greenness were observed across Europe, but in larger patches in eastern Spain, Wales and Scotland (UK), and in Romania. Significant negative trends were observed in southern Spain and southwestern Russia along the Caspian Sea. Trends in greenness and land cover change were uncorrelated. Results from the European-wide analyses of the Yantra River Basin compared favorably to the more detailed analyses that were based partially on finer resolution biophysical data. However, estimates for riparian land cover metrics were much higher for the more detailed analyses than the broader-sale analyses, a result of a denser stream network used in the former. Additionally, because of differences in the scale of Digital Elevation Model data used in the two analyses (90 m and 25 m), estimates for agriculture on greater than 3% slopes differed as well. A principal components analysis (PCA) was used to combine multiple landscape metrics to evaluate the relative environmental condition of and change in catchments and the 64 km(2) areas. Additionally, a simple index of relative vulnerability was calculated and mapped by combining PCA results for landscape condition and change. We discuss results and limitations of this analysis. We also discuss the value of this preliminary assessment for broadscale analyses to identify geographic areas where environmental security may become an issue. We note limitations in the analytical techniques used, data gaps and issues regarding interpretation of these results and make suggestions for future landscape analyses. C1 [Jones, K. Bruce; Hamann, Sharon] US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nash, Maliha S.; Neale, Annie C.; Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Walker, Joe] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Mueller, Felix] Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Zurlini, Giovanni; Zaccarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Lecce, Italy. [Jongman, Rob] Wageningen UR, Alterra, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Nedkov, Stoyan] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Knight, C. Gregory] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geog Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6594-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 263 EP 316 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1 PG 54 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ33 UT WOS:000269674900022 ER PT S AU Ghio, AJ Samet, JM AF Ghio, Andrew J. Samet, James M. BE Kustin, K Pessoa, JC Crans, DC TI Biological Effects of Vanadium in the Lung SO VANADIUM: THE VERASTILE METAL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Chemistry and Biological Chemistry of Vanadium CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID OIL FLY-ASH; PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TRANSITION-METALS MEDIATE; NF-KAPPA-B; REVERSIBLE OXIDATION; IN-VIVO; POLLUTION PARTICLE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ACTIVATION AB Exposures, of the lung to vanadium can affect a biological response in cells and an injury in tissues. Investigation supports the postulate that vanadium either produces an oxidative stress or disrupts phosphotyrosine metabolism resulting in cell changes in signaling, transcription factor activation, and induction of mediator expression. These culminate in inflammatory and fibrotic lung injuries. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Samet, James M.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7446-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 974 BP 240 EP 248 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BKS16 UT WOS:000269059400018 ER PT J AU Thorneloe, SA Weitz, K Jambeck, J AF Thorneloe, Susan A. Weitz, Keith Jambeck, Jenna TI Application of the US decision support tool for materials and waste management SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) launched the Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC) in 2002 to help reduce waste and move towards more sustainable resource consumption. The objective of the RCC is to help communities, industries, and the public think in terms of materials management rather than waste disposal. Reducing cost, finding more efficient and effective strategies to manage municipal waste, and thinking in terms of materials management requires a holistic approach that considers life-cycle environmental tradeoffs. The US EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory has led the development of a municipal solid waste decision support tool (MSW-DST). The computer software can be used to calculate life-cycle environmental tradeoffs and full costs of different waste management or materials recovery programs. The environmental methodology is based on the use of life-cycle assessment and the cost methodology is based on the use of full-cost accounting. Life-cycle inventory (LCI) environmental impacts and costs are calculated from the point of collection, handling, transport, treatment, and disposal. For any materials that are recovered for recycling, offsets are calculated to reflect potential emissions savings from use of virgin materials. The use of the MSW-DST provides a standardized format and consistent basis to compare alternatives. This paper provides an illustration of how the MSW-DST can be used by evaluating ten management strategies for a hypothetical medium-sized community to compare the life-cycle environmental and cost tradeoffs. The LCI results from the MSW-DST are then used as inputs into another US EPA tool, the Tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts, to convert the LCI results into impact indicators. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the MSW-DST can be used to identify and balance multiple criteria (costs and environmental impacts) when evaluating options for materials and waste management. This type of approach is needed in identifying strategies that lead to reduced waste and more sustainable resource consumption. This helps to meet the goals established in the US EPA's Resource Conservation Challenge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div MD E30502, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Durham, NH USA. RP Thorneloe, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div MD E30502, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thorneloe.susan@epa.gov; kaw@rti.org; jenna.jambeck@unh.edu NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2007 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1006 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.02.024 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187GA UT WOS:000247834400005 PM 17433663 ER PT J AU Jambeck, J Weitz, K Solo-Gabriele, H Townsend, T Thorneloe, S AF Jambeck, Jenna Weitz, Keith Solo-Gabriele, Helena Townsend, Timothy Thorneloe, Susan TI CCA-treated wood disposed in landfills and life-cycle trade-offs with waste-to-energy and MSW landfill disposal SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; SPECIATION; CONSTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; RELEASE; SERVICE; ASH AB Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood is a preservative treated wood construction product that grew in use in the 1970s for both residential and industrial applications. Although some countries have banned the use of the product for some applications, others have not, and the product continues to enter the waste stream from construction, demolition and remodeling projects. CCA-treated wood as a solid waste is managed in various ways throughout the world. In the US, CCA-treated wood is disposed primarily within landfills; however some of the wood is combusted in waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. In other countries, the predominant disposal option for wood, sometimes including CCA-treated wood, is combustion for the production of energy. This paper presents an estimate of the quantity of CCA-treated wood entering the disposal stream in the US, as well as an examination of the trade-offs between land-filling and WTE combustion of CCA-treated wood through a life-cycle assessment and decision support tool (MSW DST). Based upon production statistics, the estimated life span and the phaseout of CCA-treated wood, recent disposal projections estimate the peak US disposal rate to occur in 2008, at 9.7 million m(3). CCA-treated wood, when disposed with construction and demolition (C&D) debris and municipal solid waste (MSW), has been found to increase arsenic and chromium concentrations in leachate. For this reason, and because MSW landfills are lined, MSW landfills have been recommended as a preferred disposal option over unlined C&D debris landfills. Between landfilling and WTE for the same mass of CCA-treated wood, WTE is more expensive (nearly twice the cost), but when operated in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulations, it produces energy and does not emit fossil carbon emissions. If the wood is managed via WTE, less landfill area is required, which could be an influential trade-off in some countries. Although metals are concentrated in the ash in the WTE scenario, the MSW landfill scenario releases a greater amount of arsenic from leachate in a more dilute form. The WTE scenario releases more chromium from the ash on an annual basis. The WTE facility and subsequent ash disposal greatly concentrates the chromium, often oxidizing it to the more toxic and mobile Cr(VI) form. Elevated arsenic and chromium concentrations in the ash leachate may increase leachate management costs. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architecture & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, ORD, APPCD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jambeck, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jenna.jambeck@unh.edu; kaw@rti.org; hmsolo@miami.edu; ttown@ufl.edu; thorneloe.susan@epa.gov RI Townsend, Timothy/D-1981-2009 OI Townsend, Timothy/0000-0002-1222-0954 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2007 VL 27 IS 8 BP S21 EP S28 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.02.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187GA UT WOS:000247834400012 PM 17416510 ER PT J AU Rogers, SW Ong, SK Stenback, GA Golchin, J Kjartanson, BH AF Rogers, Shane W. Ong, Say Kee Stenback, Greg A. Golchin, Johanshir Kjartanson, Bruce H. TI Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of a coal-tar-affected aquifer using two-dimensional reactive transport and biogeochemical mass balance approaches SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; first-order degradation rate; coal tar; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; direct-push technology; mass balance ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NITRATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; GROUND-WATER; FIELD-SCALE; DEGRADATION; NAPHTHALENE; BIODEGRADATION; DISPERSION; PLUME; FATE AB Expedited site characterization and groundwater monitoring using direct-push technology and conventional monitoring wells were conducted at a former manufactured gas plant site. Biogeochemical data and heterotrophic plate counts support the presence of microbially mediated remediation. By superimposing solutions of a two-dimensional reactive transport analytical model, first-order degradation rate coefficients (day(-1)) of various compounds for the dissolved-phase plume were estimated (i.e., benzene [0.0084], naphthalene [0.0058], and acenaphthene [0.0011]). The total mass transformed by aerobic respiration, nitrate reduction, and sulfate reduction around the free-phase coal-tar dense-nonaqueous-phase-liquid region and in the plume was estimated to be approximately 4.5 kg/y using a biogeochemical mass-balance approach. The total mass transformed using the degradation rate coefficients was estimated to be approximately 3.6 kg/y. Results showed that a simple two-dimensional analytical model and a biochemical mass balance with geochemical data from expedited site characterization can be useful for rapid estimation of mass-transformation rates. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lakehead Univ, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM skong@iastate.edu RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013 OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.2175/106143006X123120 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 127EX UT WOS:000243569200003 PM 17290968 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Buchman, M Ginn, T Donnelly, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Buchman, Michael Ginn, Thomas Donnelly, Robert TI Effects of pollution on marine organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; TRUNCULARIOPSIS TRUNCULUS GASTROPODA; LAGOON ALGARVE COAST; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; NUCELLA-LAPILLUS L.; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY ASSESSMENT C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Buchman, Michael] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Donnelly, Robert] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 349 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2007 VL 79 IS 10 BP 2102 EP 2160 DI 10.2175/106143007X218683 PG 59 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 250LI UT WOS:000252301200034 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Elovitz, MS von Gunten, U Shukairy, HM Marinas, BJ AF Kim, Jae-Hong Elovitz, Michael S. von Gunten, Urs Shukairy, Hiba M. Marinas, Benito J. TI Modeling Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation and bromate in a flow-through ozone contactor treating natural water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ozone; bromate; Cryptosporidium; disinfection; model ID BUBBLE-DIFFUSER CONTACTOR; RATE CONSTANTS; INDIGO METHOD; OZONATION; KINETICS; DISINFECTION; RADIOLYSIS AB A reactive transport model was developed to simultaneously predict Cryptosporidium parvuum oocyst inactivation and bromate formation during ozonation of natural water. A mechanistic model previously established to predict bromate formation in organic-free synthetic waters was coupled with an empirical ozone decay model and a one-dimensional axial dispersion reactor (ADR) model to represent the performance of a lab-scale flow-through ozone bubble-diffuser contactor. Dissolved ozone concentration, bromate concentration. (in flow-through experiments only), hydroxyl radical exposure and C. parvum oocyst survival were measured in batch and flow-through experiments performed with filtered Ohio River water. The model successfully represented ozone concentration and C. parvum oocyst survival ratio in the flow-through reactor using parameters independently determined from batch and semi-batch experiments. Discrepancies between model prediction and experimental data for hydroxyl radical concentration and bromate formation were attributed to unaccounted for reactions, particularly those involving natural organic matter, hydrogen peroxide and carbonate radicals. Model simulations including some of these reactions resulted in closer agreement between predictions and experimental observations for bromate formation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US EPA, Treatment Technol & Evaluat Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinkin Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Marinas, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM marinas@uiuc.edu RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.10.013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 134UB UT WOS:000244108500023 PM 17123571 ER PT J AU Purkey, DR Huber-Lee, A Yates, DN Hanemann, M Herrod-Julius, S AF Purkey, David R. Huber-Lee, Annette Yates, David N. Hanemann, Michael Herrod-Julius, Susan TI Integrating a climate change assessment tool into stakeholder-driven water management decision-making processes in California SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; hydrologic models; stakeholders; water planning; water resource planning models ID JOAQUIN RIVER-BASIN; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; RESOURCES; HYDROLOGY AB There is an emerging consensus in the scientific community that climate change has the potential to significantly alter prevailing hydrologic patterns in California over the course of the 21st Century. This is of profound importance for a system where large investments have been made in hydraulic infrastructure that has been designed and is operated to harmonize dramatic temporal and spatial water supply and water demand variability. Recent work by the authors led to the creation of an integrated hydrology/water management climate change impact assessment framework that can be used to identify tradeoffs between important ecosystem services provided by the California water system associated with future climate change and to evaluate possible adaptation strategies. In spite of the potential impact of climate change, and the availability of a tool for investigating its dimensions, actual water management decision-making processes in California have yet to fully integrate climate change analysis into their planning dialogues. This paper presents an overview of decision-making processes ranked based on the application of a 3S: Sensitivity, Significance, and Stakeholder support, standard, which demonstrates that while climate change is a crucial factor in virtually all water-related decision making in California, it has not typically been considered, at least in any analytical sense. The three highest ranked processes are described in more detail, in particular the role that the new analytical framework could play in arriving at more resilient water management decisions. The authors will engage with stakeholders in these three processes, in hope of moving climate change research from the academic to the policy making arena. C1 Stockholm Environm Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Purkey, DR (reprint author), Stockholm Environm Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s11269-006-9055-x PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 121FB UT WOS:000243142400020 ER PT J AU Lai, E Lundle, S Ashbolt, NJ AF Lai, E. Lundle, S. Ashbolt, N. J. TI A new approach to aid urban water management decision making using trade-off sacrifice modelled by fuzzy logic SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE criteria; decision making; fuzzy logic; rainwater; recycled greywater; trade-offs ID CONTROL-SYSTEMS; CONTROLLER; RISK AB An approach to aid decision making for urban water management is presented that is based on the concept of trade-off sacrifice level in pairwise comparisons between criteria, modelled using fuzzy logic. This approach is illustrated by a case study - selection of alternative water supplies for a Sydney household. Four key decision making criteria covering health, economic, environment and technical aspects are selected: annual probability of infection, life cycle energy use, life cycle cost and reliability. The decision making problem is to select between cases with different volume and application of recycled greywater and rainwater in light of the four criteria. Decision maker's preference is expressed by five levels of trade-off sacrifice between pairs of criteria. The decision makers can assign their preferences for sacrifice level by linguistic assessment and the output trade-off weight ( TOW). Measures of decision makers' perceived trade-off level are modelled by a rule-based fuzzy logic control system. The final analysis shows the performance for each sacrifice class for each case, to aid overall decision making with stakeholders. C1 [Lai, E.; Lundle, S.; Ashbolt, N. J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Ashbolt, N. J.] US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lai, E (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Water & Waste Technol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM elai@civeng.unsw.edu.au; s.lundie@unsw.edu.au; Ashbolt.Nick@epa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 8 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.2166/wst.2007.597 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 265TG UT WOS:000253383200002 PM 17978428 ER PT J AU Imhoff, JC Kittle, JL Gray, MR Johnson, TE AF Imhoff, J. C. Kittle, J. L., Jr. Gray, M. R. Johnson, T. E. TI Using the Climate Assessment Tool (CAT) in US EPA BASINS integrated modeling system to assess watershed vulnerability to climate change SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BASINS CAT; climate assessment; climate impact; HSPF; integrated watershed modeling AB During the last century, much of the United States experienced warming temperatures and changes in amount and intensity of precipitation. Changes in future climate conditions present additional risk to water and watershed managers. The most recent release of U. S. EPA's BASINS watershed modeling system includes a Climate Assessment Tool (CAT) that provides new capabilities for assessing impacts of climate change on water resources. The BASINS CAT provides users with the ability to modify historical climate and conduct systematic sensitivity analyses of specific hydrologic and water quality endpoints to changes in climate using the BASINS models (Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF)). These capabilities are well suited for addressing questions about the potential impacts of climate change on key hydrologic and water quality goals using the watershed scale at which most important planning decisions are made. This paper discusses the concepts that motivated the CAT development effort; the resulting capabilities incorporated into BASINS CAT; and the opportunities that result from integrating climate assessment capabilities into a comprehensive watershed water quality modeling system. C1 [Imhoff, J. C.] AQUA TERRA Consultants, Ouray, CO 81427 USA. [Kittle, J. L., Jr.; Gray, M. R.] AQUA TERRA Consultants, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. [Johnson, T. E.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Imhoff, JC (reprint author), AQUA TERRA Consultants, POB 323, Ouray, CO 81427 USA. EM jcimhoff@aquaterra.com; jlkittle@aquaterra.com; markgray@aquaterra.com; johnson.thomas@epa.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 8 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.2166/wst.2007.595 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 265TG UT WOS:000253383200006 PM 17978432 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AB Jones, CP Moyer, MP AF DeAngelo, A. B. Jones, C. P. Moyer, M. P. TI Development of normal human colon cell cultures to identify priority unregulated disinfection by-products with a carcinogenic potential SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colon transformation; disinfection byproducts; NCM46 cells ID DRINKING-WATER; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; GENOTOXICITY; CANCER AB Research was initiated to develop an in vitro system to identify disinfection by-products with a potential to transform normal human colonocytes into malignant cells. Tribromomethane and bromochloroacetic acid, rodent colon carcinogens, dibromonitromethane and tribromonitromethane, recently identified in drinking water, and azoxymethane, a classic colon carcinogen, were tested for the ability to transform NCM460 cells. The chronic toxicity was determined for the series of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids and halonitromethanes as well as NCM460 cell enzymatic capabilities. The order of cytotoxicity was halonitromethanes > haloacetic acids. trihalomethanes. Cytotoxicity within a series increased with the degree of bromination and decreased with the molecular weight. The genotoxicity profile was similar to that for cytotoxicity. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated that NCM460 cells possess glutathione-S transerase-1-1 and CYP450 activity similar to that measured in the large intestine. NCM460 cells were exposed to 10 26 M of the test chemicals for three days. While NCM460 cells from all treatments had the ability to grow in soft agar to some extent, only cells exposed to azoxymethane or tribromomethane were able to grow in media lacking serum and growth factors. When sub cultured, NCM460 cells exposed to 10 29 M azoxymethane for three weeks formed colonies with morphology distinct from untreated cells. C1 [DeAngelo, A. B.; Jones, C. P.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moyer, M. P.] INCELL Corp, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP DeAngelo, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM deangelo.anthony@epa.gov; jones.carlton@epa.gov; mmoyer@incell.com NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.2166/wst.2007.830 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 265TK UT WOS:000253383600007 PM 18075178 ER PT J AU Surampalli, RY Banerji, SK Tyagi, RD Yang, PY AF Surampalli, R. Y. Banerji, S. K. Tyagi, R. D. Yang, P. Y. TI Integrated advanced natural wastewater treatment system for small communities SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IWA International Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds CY SEP 25-27, 2006 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP IWA DE nutrient removal; overland flow; pond; wetland AB A study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient removal capability of an existing and successfully operated overland flow and wetland wastewater treatment system following a waste stabilization pond. Seasonal temperature effects on performance were also investigated. The treatment system studied consists of a two-cell waste stabilization pond followed by an overland flow system and a wetland system. The influent and effluent samples were analyzed for BOD5, suspended solids (SS), pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results of the study indicate that the combined pond, overland flow and wetland system provided excellent treatment of municipal wastewater. The overall average BOD5 removal by the entire treatment system was about 90.0% and the overall average suspended solids removal was about 93.4%. The ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies of the entire treatment system were 90.7% and 84.2%, respectively. C1 US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Surampalli, RY (reprint author), US EPA, POB 172141, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. EM surampalli.rao@epamail.epa.gov NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.2166/wst.2007.371 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 182NU UT WOS:000247512100028 PM 17591217 ER PT J AU Konwick, BJ Garrison, AW Avants, JK Fisk, AT AF Konwick, Brad J. Garrison, Arthur W. Avants, Jimmy K. Fisk, Aaron T. TI Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of chiral triazole fungicides in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enantiomers; diastereomers; current-use pesticides; conazoles ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIETARY ACCUMULATION; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; FOOD-WEB; PROPICONAZOLE; INHIBITION; PESTICIDES; CYTOCHROME-P450; TOXICOKINETICS; ENANTIOMERS AB There are very little data on the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of current-use pesticides (CUPs) despite the fact that such data are critical in assessing their fate and potential toxic effects in aquatic organisms. To help address this issue, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to dietary concentrations of a mixture of chiral triazole fungicides (bromuconazole, cyproconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, and triadimefon) and a chiral legacy pesticide [alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH)] to study the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of these CUPs. Fish accumulated all triazoles rapidly during the 8 day uptake phase, and was followed by rapid elimination, which was estimated by taking accelerated sampling times during the 16 day deputation period. Half-lives (t(1/2)s) and times to 95% elimination (t(95)s) ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 and 4.5 to 11.0 days, respectively. Chiral analysis suggested no significant selectivity in biotransformation for most of the compounds based on statistically unaltered enantiomer fractions (EFs) in the fish compared to food values; exceptions were a change in EF of myclobutanil and changes in diastereomer fractions (DFs) of propiconazole and cyproconazole. No biotransformation was observed for alpha-HCH based on consistent EFs in the fish throughout the experiment and a t(1/2) (15.8 days) that fell within the 95% confidence interval of a log K-ow-log t(1/2) relationship developed for assessing biotransformation of organic contaminants. This relationship did show that biotransformation accounted for the majority (ranging from 59.9 to 90.4%) of the elimination for all triazoles, and that triazole compounds with oxygen and hydroxyl functional groups were more easily biotransformed. This research indicated that chiral analysis may potentially miss biotransformation of CUPs and other potential non-persistent organic contaminants and shows the utility of the log K-ow-log t(1/2) relationship as a mechanistic tool for quantifying biotransformation. Based on the rapid biotransformation of the triazoles, future research should focus on formation of metabolites and their fate and possible effects in the environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Senior Serv Amer, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Konwick, BJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM konwickb@warnell.uga.edu NR 33 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 15 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 80 IS 4 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.003 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 130DP UT WOS:000243779900007 PM 17118468 ER PT J AU Oxendine, SL Cowden, J Hinton, DE Padilla, S AF Oxendine, Sharon L. Cowden, John Hinton, David E. Padilla, Stephanie TI Vulnerable windows for developmental ethanol toxicity in the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; FAS; developmental toxicity; embryo; vulnerable windows; window of sensitivity; fish ID FETAL-ALCOHOL-SYNDROME; PRENATAL ALCOHOL; DEVELOPING BRAIN; PURKINJE-CELLS; EXPOSURE; ZEBRAFISH; DAMAGE; MODEL; DIFFERENTIATION; CASPASES AB Ethanol (EtOH) is a well-known developmental toxicant that produces a range of abnormal phenotypes in mammalian systems including craniofacial abnormalities, cognitive deficits and growth retardation. While the toxic potential of developmental EtOH exposure is well characterized clinically, the effect of timing on the extent of toxicity remains unknown. Fish models such as the Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, provide a convenient system for investigating the effects of developmental EtOH exposure in vivo. In this study, medaka embryo toxicity tests were used to assess temporal variations in developmental EtOH toxicity. Fertilized eggs were collected and incubated during early, middle or late egg development (e.g., 0-3, 3-6 or 6-9 days post-fertilization) with various sub-lethal concentrations of EtOH [0.1% (17.2 mM), 0.5% (86.0 mM) or 1% (172 mM)]. Uptake of EtOH by the embryo was 60-68% of the solution concentration across all windows. Time to hatch, head width, total body length and whole embryo caspase activity were used to assess toxicity. Hatching delays were noted only at the highest concentration of EtOH. Head width was affected at all ethanol levels, regardless of the window of exposure. EtOH-induced decreases in body length, however, appeared to be most pronounced when exposure occurred either during the first or last window. The effect on caspase-3/7 activity also depended on the window of exposure, with increases in caspase noted in embryos treated on days 1 or 2 (first window) and decreases seen in embryos treated on day 6 (second window) or day 8 (third window). In general, these data suggest that critical periods for heightened sensitivity to developmental EtOH exposure may vary according to the specific endpoint used to assess toxicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Neurotoxicol Div B10506, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Div Environm Sci & Policy, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Neurotoxicol Div B10506, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Oxendine.Sharon@epa.gov; Cowden.john@epa.gov; DHinton@Duke.edu; Padilla.stephanie@epa.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 80 IS 4 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.007 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 130DP UT WOS:000243779900009 PM 17125851 ER PT J AU Rao, KSVK Subha, MCS Naidu, BVK Sairam, M Mallikarjuna, NN Aminabhavi, TM AF Rao, K. S. V. Krishna Subha, M. C. S. Naidu, B. Vijaya Kumar Sairam, M. Mallikarjuna, N. N. Aminabhavi, T. M. TI Controlled release of diclofenac sodium and ibuprofen through beads of sodium alginate and hydroxy ethyl cellulose blends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sodium alginate; hydroxy ethyl cellulose; diclofenac sodium; ibuprofen; controlled release ID MICROENCAPSULATION; MICROSPHERES; PESTICIDE; INVITRO; INVIVO; SYSTEM AB Controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) and ibuprofen (IB) drugs through sodium alginate (NaAlg)hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC) blend polymeric beads has been investigated. Beads were prepared by precipitating the viscous solution of NaAlg and HEC blend in alcohol followed by crosslinking with calcium chloride. Different formulations were developed in bead form by varying the amount of HEC, crosslinking agent, and drug concentration. Swelling studies in water, percent encapsulation of drugs, and release studies were carried out. The DS-loaded beads have shown better release performance than the IB-loaded beads. Diffusion parameters were evaluated from the Fickian diffusion theory. Mathematical modeling studies and drug release characteristics through bead matrices were studied by solving Fick's diffusion equation. The results are discussed in terms of drug release patterns and theoretical concentration profiles generated through matrices, considering spherical geometry of the beads. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Karnatak Univ, Drug Delivery Div, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Dept Chem, Anantapur 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Aminabhavi, TM (reprint author), Karnatak Univ, Drug Delivery Div, Ctr Excellence Polymer Sci, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. EM aminabhavi@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 6 BP 5708 EP 5718 DI 10.1002/app.25087 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 099KR UT WOS:000241593800078 ER PT J AU Ford, SE Chintala, MM AF Ford, Susan E. Chintala, Marnita M. TI Northward expansion of a marine parasite: Testing the role of temperature adaptation SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; Crassostrea virginica; in vitro; in vivo; Perkinsus marinus; range extension; tetrazolium dye assay ID OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; IN-VITRO CULTURE; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; RANGE EXTENSION; EASTERN OYSTER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY BURDEN; PATHOGEN; APICOMPLEXA AB The known range of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) parasite, Perkinsus marinus, expanded into the northeastern United States in the early 1990s. We used both in vitro and in vivo data to test the hypothesis that the northward expansion was associated with a low-temperature adapted strain of the parasite. In vitro proliferation of nine P. marinus isolates from three geographic sites, Massachusetts and New Jersey in the new range, and South Carolina in the historic southern range, was measured at seven temperatures (5 to 35 degrees C) using a tetrazolium blue dye assay. We wanted to determine if there were between- and within-geographic location differences in the P. marinus proliferation rate, and if so, whether they were associated with temperature. We found no evidence of low-temperature adaptation based on the fact that net proliferation rates for isolates from all three geographic locations were similar at temperatures from 5 to 20 degrees C. On the other hand, at temperatures of 25 to 35 degrees C, the South Carolina isolates exhibited higher proliferation rates than the northern isolates suggesting possible high-temperature adaptation of parasite strains that are routinely exposed to higher temperatures. Although there was significant within-location variation among isolates, the data tended to group together by geographic location supporting the hypothesis that there is an important regional component to the proliferation rate of P. marinus isolates. A survey of published data showed that the temperature at which in vivo proliferation was first observed in oysters at sites from the Gulf of Mexico to Massachusetts was typically between 20 and 23 degrees C with no evidence of a geographic cline. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the recent warming trend in the northeastern US is the most likely explanation for the P. marinus range extension. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Port Norris, NJ 08235 USA. Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, NJ Agr Expt Stn, Port Norris, NJ 08235 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Ford, SE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Port Norris, NJ 08235 USA. EM susan@hsrl.rutgers.edu NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 339 IS 2 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.08.004 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 108JH UT WOS:000242235600007 ER PT J AU Ghil, S Choi, JM Kim, SS Lee, YD Liao, Y Birnbaumer, L Suh-Kim, H AF Ghil, Sungho Choi, Jung-Mi Kim, Sung-Soo Lee, Young-Don Liao, Yanhong Birnbaumer, Lutz Suh-Kim, Haeyoung TI Compartmentalization of protein kinase A signaling by the heterotrimeric G protein G(o) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE beta-catenin; cAMP; Rap1; somatostatin; cAMP response element binding protein ID CYCLIC-AMP; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; HIGH-AFFINITY; BETA-CATENIN; RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSFORMATION AB G(o), a member of the G(o/i) family, is the most abundant heterotrimeric G protein in brain. Most functions of G(o) are mediated by the G(beta gamma) dimer; effector(s) for its beta-subunit have not been clearly defined. Here we report that G(o alpha) interacts directly with cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) through its GTPase domain. This interaction did not inhibit the kinase function of PKA but interfered with nuclear translocation of PKA while sparing its cytosolic function. This regulatory mechanism by which G(o) bifurcates PKA signaling may provide insights into how G(o) regulates complex processes such as neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cell transformation. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Kyonggi Univ, Dept Biol, Suwon 442760, South Korea. Ajou Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Ajou Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Sci Technol, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Ajou Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Neurosci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Ajou Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Cell Death Regulating Biodrug, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Ajou Univ, Sch Med, Brain Dis Res Ctr, Suwon 443749, South Korea. RP Suh-Kim, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM birnbau1@niehs.nih.gov; hysuh@ajou.ac.kr FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 50 BP 19158 EP 19163 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609392103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 117PC UT WOS:000242884200051 PM 17148597 ER PT J AU Wolcott, RM AF Wolcott, Robert M. TI Prospects for ecosystem services in the future agricultural economy: Reflections of a policy hand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 23-26, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc C1 US EPA, Off Police Econ & Innovat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wolcott, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Police Econ & Innovat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1183 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00930.x PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 106MZ UT WOS:000242106200007 ER PT J AU Raimondi, S Paracchini, V Autrup, H Barros-Dios, JM Benhamou, S Boffetta, P Cote, ML Dialyna, IA Dolzan, V Filiberti, R Garte, S Hirvonen, A Husgafvel-Pursiainen, K Imyanitov, EN Kalina, I Kang, D Kiyohara, C Kohno, T Kremers, P Lan, Q London, S Povey, AC Rannug, A Reszka, E Risch, A Romkes, M Schneider, J Seow, A Shields, PG Sobti, RC Sorensen, M Spinola, M Spitz, MR Strange, RC Stucker, I Sugimura, H To-Figueras, J Tokudome, S Yang, P Yuan, JM Warholm, M Taioli, E AF Raimondi, S. Paracchini, V. Autrup, H. Barros-Dios, J. M. Benhamou, S. Boffetta, P. Cote, M. L. Dialyna, I. A. Dolzan, V. Filiberti, R. Garte, S. Hirvonen, A. Husgafvel-Pursiainen, K. Imyanitov, E. N. Kalina, I. Kang, D. Kiyohara, C. Kohno, T. Kremers, P. Lan, Q. London, S. Povey, A. C. Rannug, A. Reszka, E. Risch, A. Romkes, M. Schneider, J. Seow, A. Shields, P. G. Sobti, R. C. Sorensen, M. Spinola, M. Spitz, M. R. Strange, R. C. Stucker, I. Sugimura, H. To-Figueras, J. Tokudome, S. Yang, P. Yuan, J-M. Warholm, M. Taioli, E. TI Meta- and pooled analysis of GSTT1 and lung cancer: A HuGE-GSEC review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE disease susceptibility; epidemiology; genes; genetic predisposition to disease; GSTT1; lung neoplasms; meta-analysis ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; ADENOCARCINOMA SUSCEPTIBILITY; INDIVIDUAL SENSITIVITY; GSTP1 POLYMORPHISMS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; ETHYLENE-OXIDE AB Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the Western world, and the main risk factor is tobacco smoking. Polymorphisms in metabolic genes may modulate the risk associated with environmental factors. The glutathione S-transferase theta 1 gene (GSTT1) is a particularly attractive candidate for lung cancer susceptibility because of its involvement in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke and of other chemicals, pesticides, and industrial solvents. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is lower among Caucasians (10-20%) than among Asians (50-60%). The authors present a meta- and a pooled analysis of case-control, genotype-based studies that examined the association between GSTT1 and lung cancer (34 studies, 7,629 cases and 10,087 controls for the meta-analysis; 34 studies, 7,044 cases and 10,000 controls for the pooled analysis). No association was observed between GSTT1 deletion and lung cancer for Caucasians (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 1.12); for Asians, a positive association was found (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.49). In the pooled analysis, the odds ratios were not significant for either Asians (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.13) or Caucasians (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.21). No significant interaction was observed between GSTT1 and smoking on lung cancer, whereas GSTT1 appeared to modulate occupational-related lung cancer. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Policlin Milano, Milan, Italy. Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. INSERM, Evry, France. Evry Univ, Evry, France. Int Agcy Res Canc, Genet & Epidemiol Cluster, F-69372 Lyon, France. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Virol, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Ljubljana, Inst Biochem, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. Natl Inst Canc Res, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Genoa, Italy. Res Genet Inc, Milan, Italy. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. NN Petrov Oncol Res Inst, St Petersburg 188646, Russia. Safarik Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Biol, Kosice 04154, Slovakia. Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Environm Med, Seoul 151, South Korea. Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Natl Inst Canc Res, Div Biol, Tokyo, Japan. Inst Pathol, Serv Med Chem, Liege, Belgium. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Manchester, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Inst Occupat Med, Dept Toxicol & Carcinogenesis, Lodz, Poland. DKFZ German Canc Res Ctr, Dept Toxicol & Canc Risk Factors, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Giessen, Inst Occupat & Social Med, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Community Occupat & Family Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Canc Genet & Epidemiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Panjab Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Chandigarh 160014, India. Inst Canc Epidemiol, Danish Canc Soc, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ist Nazl Tumori, Dept Expt Oncol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Keele, N Staffordshire Hosp, Ctr Cell & Mol Med, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. INSERM, Unit Epidemiol Stat Res Environm & Hlth, F-94800 Villejuif, France. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Pathol 1, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. Hosp Clin Prov Toxicol Unit, Barcelona, Spain. Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Mizuho Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Taioli, E (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, 5150 Ctr Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. EM taiolien@upmc.edu RI Shields, Peter/I-1644-2012; Kang, Dae Hee/E-8631-2012; Benhamou, Simone/K-6554-2015; Raimondi, Sara/J-5236-2016; Risch, Angela/H-2669-2013; OI Raimondi, Sara/0000-0003-4673-9049; Risch, Angela/0000-0002-8026-5505; Sorensen, Mette/0000-0002-7302-4789; Yuan, Jian-Min/0000-0002-4620-3108; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 NR 105 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 11 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj321 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108MX UT WOS:000242245000001 PM 17000715 ER PT J AU Wilcox, AJ AF Wilcox, Allen J. TI Invited commentary: The perils of birth weight - A lesson from directed acyclic graphs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE birth weight; confounding factors (epidemiology); infant; low birth weight; infant mortality; smoking ID MORTALITY AB The strong association of birth weight with infant mortality is complicated by a paradoxical finding: Small babies in high-risk populations usually have lower risk than small babies in low-risk populations. In this issue of the Journal, Hernandez-Diaz et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:1115-20) address this "birth weight paradox" using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). They conclude that the paradox is the result of bias created by adjustment for a factor (birth weight) that is affected by the exposure of interest and at the same time shares causes with the outcome (mortality). While this bias has been discussed before, the DAGs presented by Hernandez-Diaz et al. provide more firmly grounded criticism. The DAGs demonstrate (as do many other examples) that seemingly reasonable adjustments can distort epidemiologic results. In this commentary, the birth weight paradox is shown to be an illustration of Simpson's Paradox. It is possible for a factor to be protective within every stratum of a variable and yet be damaging overall. Questions remain as to the causal role of birth weight. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilcox, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilcox@niehs.nih.gov OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 11 BP 1121 EP 1123 DI 10.1093/aje.kwj276 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108MX UT WOS:000242245000011 PM 16931545 ER PT J AU Howards, PP Hertz-Picciotto, I Weinberg, CR Poole, C AF Howards, Penelope P. Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Weinberg, Clarice R. Poole, Charles TI Misclassification of gestational age in the study of spontaneous abortion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abortion; spontaneous; bias (epidemiology); gestational age; pregnancy; proportional hazards models ID LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD; RUMP LENGTH MEASUREMENT; EXPECTANT MANAGEMENT; ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; DATE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DELIVERY AB Most studies of spontaneous abortion are subject to left truncation, because conception is not observed and thus pregnant women are enrolled postconception. Cox regression can account for left truncation but uses gestational age data, which may be inaccurate. Dating is affected by reporting errors and variability in the day of ovulation. These errors may be differential by outcome, because gestational ages are more likely to be clinically corrected in continuing pregnancies than in pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion. Errors may be differential by exposure status as well, if exposures affect the time of ovulation. The authors designed a simulation to examine bias caused by errors in gestational age. Pregnancies were assigned true and alternative gestational ages using different assumptions about random reporting error and error due to variation in the time between the last menstrual period and ovulation. In separate scenarios, the errors were differential by outcome, differential by exposure, differential by both exposure and outcome, or nondifferential. Hazard ratios were compared using accurate versus erroneous gestational ages. For proportional hazards, bias was only introduced when the error in gestational age was differential by exposure status. Bias was greatest when the magnitude of error for pregnancies at higher risk was much larger than that for pregnancies at lower risk. C1 NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Howards, PP (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03C,MSC 7510, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM howardsp@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 11 BP 1126 EP 1136 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj327 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108MX UT WOS:000242245000013 PM 16985078 ER PT J AU Saldana, TM Siega-Riz, AM Adair, LS Suchindran, C AF Saldana, Tina M. Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Adair, Linda S. Suchindran, Chirayath TI The relationship between pregnancy weight gain and glucose tolerance status among black and white women in central North Carolina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestational diabetes; impaired glucose tolerance; weight gain; pregnancy ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; TOTAL-BODY WATER; INCREASING PREVALENCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; DETERMINANTS; OBESITY; DENSITY AB Objective: The objective of the study was to examine weight and its relationship to glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Study design: Women were classified into mutually exclusive glucose tolerance groups, impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy defined as 1 high value on the oral glucose tolerance test, gestational diabetes mellitus as 2 high values, and normal glucose tolerance as a normal value on the universal screen test. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between prepregnancy body mass index and weight gain, and glucose tolerance status and predicted probabilities were calculated. Results: Weight gain ratio (observed/expected) was significantly higher for women with gestational diabetes mellitus, compared with women with normal glucose tolerance. The likelihood of developing gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly increased by both prepregnancy overweight (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1-4.3) and obese status (odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 2.2-6.3) but only marginally by weight gain ratio. In contrast, the likelihood of developing impaired glucose tolerance was increased by weight gain ratio for women who started pregnancy overweight. Conclusion: Prepregnancy weight was strongly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, whereas weight gain during pregnancy was associated with impaired glucose tolerance only among overweight women. (c) 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Saldana, TM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56350]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R25GM55336]; PHS HHS [NICHD 28684] NR 46 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 195 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.05.017 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 116RG UT WOS:000242819400021 PM 16824460 ER PT J AU Soberanes, S Panduri, V Mutlu, GM Ghio, A Bundinger, S Kamp, DW AF Soberanes, Saul Panduri, Vijayalakshmi Mutlu, Gokhan M. Ghio, Andrew Bundinger, Scott Kamp, David W. TI p53 mediates particulate matter-induced alveolar epithelial cell mitochondria-regulated apoptosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; mitochondria; p53; particulate matter; reactive oxygen species ID AIR-POLLUTION; FREE-RADICALS; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-DAMAGE; XUAN-WEI; ASBESTOS; CANCER; LUNG; PARTICLES AB Rationale: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes lung cancer by mechanisms that are unknown, but p53 dysfunction is implicated. Objective: We determined whether p53 is required for PM-induced apoptosis in both human and rodent alveolar type (AT) 2 cells. Methods: A well-characterized form of urban PM was used to determine whether it induces mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial membrane potential change [Delta Psi m] and caspase-9 activation), p53 protein and mRNA expression, and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation and annexin V staining) in vitro using A549 cells and primary isolated human and rat AT2 cells. The role of p53 was assessed using inhibitors of p53-dependent transcription, pifithrin-a, and a genetic approach (overexpressing E6 or dominant negative p.53). In mice, the in vivo effects of PM causing p53 expression and apoptosis were assessed 72 In after a single PM intratracheal instillation. Measurements and Main Results: PM-induced apoptosis in A549 cells was characterized by increased p53 mRNA and protein expression, mitochondrial translocation of Bax and p53, a reduction in Delta Psi m, and caspase-9 activation, and these effects were blocked by inhibiting p53-dependent transcription. Similar findings were noted in primary isolated human and rat AT2 cells. A549-rho degrees cells that are incapable of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production were protected against PM-induced Delta Psi m, p53 expression, and apoptosis. In mice, PM induced p53 expression and apoptosis at the bronchoalveolar duct junctions. Conclusions: These data suggest a novel interaction between p53 and the mitochondria in mediating PM-induced apoptosis that is relevant to the pathogenesis of lung cancer from air pollution. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Jesse Brown Vet Adm Med Ctr, Lakeside Div, Chicago, IL USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kamp, DW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, McGaw M-2300,240 E Huron St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM d-kamp@northwestern.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67835-01] NR 51 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 11 BP 1229 EP 1238 DI 10.1164/rccm.200602-203OC PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 109BU UT WOS:000242283700014 PM 16946128 ER PT J AU Lemieux, P Sieber, R Osborne, A Woodard, A AF Lemieux, P. Sieber, R. Osborne, A. Woodard, A. TI Destruction of spores on building decontamination residue in a commercial autoclave SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial autoclave for treating simulated building decontamination residue (BDR). The BDR was intended to simulate porous materials removed from a building deliberately contaminated with biological agents such as Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) in a terrorist attack. The purpose of the tests was to assess whether the standard operating procedure for a commercial autoclave provided sufficiently robust conditions to adequately destroy bacterial spores bound to the BDR. In this study we investigated the effects of several variables related to autoclaving BDR, including time, temperature, pressure, item type, moisture content, packing density, packing orientation, autoclave bag integrity, and autoclave process sequence. The test team created simulated BDR from wallboard, ceiling tiles, carpet, and upholstered furniture, and embedded in the BDR were Geobacillus stearothermophilus biological indicator (BI) strips containing 10(6) spores and thermocouples to obtain time and temperature profile data associated with each III strip. The results indicated that a single standard autoclave cycle did not effectively decontaminate the BDR. Autoclave cycles consisting of 120 min at 31.5 lb/in(2) and 275 degrees F and 75 min at 45 lb/in(2) and 292 degrees F effectively decontaminated the BDR material. Two sequential standard autoclave cycles consisting of 40 min at 31.5 lb/in(2) and 275 degrees F proved to be particularly effective, probably because the second cycle's evacuation step pulled the condensed water out of the pores of the materials, allowing better steam penetration. The results also indicated that the packing density and material type of the BDR in the autoclave could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the decontamination process. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Eastern Res Grp Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. New York Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Lemieux, P (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lemieux.paul@epa.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7687 EP 7693 DI 10.1128/AEM.02563-05 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300033 PM 17012597 ER PT J AU Balls, M Amcoff, P Bremer, S Casati, S Coecke, S Clothier, R Combes, R Corvi, R Curren, R Eskes, C Fentem, J Gribaldo, L Halder, M Hartung, T Hoffmann, S Schechtman, L Scott, L Spielmann, H Stokes, W Tice, R Wagner, D Zuang, V AF Balls, Michael Amcoff, Patric Bremer, Susanne Casati, Silvia Coecke, Sandra Clothier, Richard Combes, Robert Corvi, Raffaella Curren, Rodger Eskes, Chantra Fentem, Julia Gribaldo, Laura Halder, Marlies Hartung, Thomas Hoffmann, Sebastian Schechtman, Leonard Scott, Laurie Spielmann, Horst Stokes, William Tice, Raymond Wagner, Drew Zuang, Valerie TI The principles of weight of evidence validation of test methods and testing strategies - The report and recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 58(a) SO ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID EVIDENCE-BASED TOXICOLOGY; TOXICITY TEST PROCEDURES; TEST ACCURACY; METAANALYSIS; DIAGNOSIS; REVIEWS C1 European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, ECVAM, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. FRAME, Nottingham, England. OECD, Environm Directorate, Paris, France. Univ Nottingham, Sch Biomed Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Inst In Vitro Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Unilever, SEAC, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Drug Adm, Rockville, MD USA. Fed Inst Risk Assessment, ZEBET, Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Balls, M (reprint author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, ECVAM, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM michael.balls@btopenworld.com; valerie.zuang@jrc.it FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU FRAME PI NOTTINGHAM PA RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM NG1 4EE, NOTTS, ENGLAND SN 0261-1929 J9 ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM JI ATLA-Altern. Lab. Anim. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 603 EP 620 PG 18 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 132MT UT WOS:000243947600022 PM 17266393 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Williams, R Rea, A Groghan, C AF Wallace, Lance Williams, Ron Rea, Anne Groghan, Carry TI Continuous weeklong measurements of personal exposures and indoor concentrations of fine particles for 37 health-impaired North Carolina residents for up to four seasons (vol 40, pg 399, 2006) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 39 BP 7659 EP 7660 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.005 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 109ED UT WOS:000242289800017 ER PT J AU Engel-Cox, JA Hoff, RM Rogers, R Dimmick, F Rush, AC Szykman, JJ Al-Saadi, J Chu, DA Zell, ER AF Engel-Cox, Jill A. Hoff, Raymond M. Rogers, Raymond Dimmick, Fred Rush, Alan C. Szykman, James J. Al-Saadi, Jassim Chu, D. Allen Zell, Erica R. TI Integrating lidar and satellite optical depth with ambient monitoring for 3-dimensional particulate characterization SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality; satellite; MODIS; lidar; particulate matter; policy ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; AIR-QUALITY; AEROSOL; POLLUTION AB A combination of in-situ PM(2.5), sunphotometers, upward pointing lidar and satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) instruments have been employed to better understand variability in the correlation between AOD and PM(2.5) at the surface. Previous studies have shown good correlation between these measures, especially in the US east, and encouraged the use of satellite data for spatially interpolating between ground sensors. This work shows that cases of weak correlation can be better understood with knowledge of whether the aerosol is confined to the surface planetary boundary layer (PBL) or aloft. Lidar apportionment of the fraction of aerosol optical depth that is within the PBL can be scaled to give better agreement with surface PM(2.5) than does the total column amount. The study has shown that lidar combined with surface and remotely sensed data might be strategically used to improve our understanding of long-range or regionally transported pollutants in multiple dimensions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. UMBC CREST, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Engel-Cox, JA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 2101 Wilson Blvd,Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM engelcoxj@battelle.org RI Hoff, Raymond/C-6747-2012 NR 12 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 40 BP 8056 EP 8067 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120AL UT WOS:000243055600032 ER PT J AU Hopton, ME Mayer, AL AF Hopton, Matthew E. Mayer, Audrey L. TI Using self-organizing maps to explore patterns in species richness and protection SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation; gap analysis; landscape metrics; Self-Organizing Maps (SOM); species richness ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE METRICS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; SCALE; BIODIVERSITY; PREDICTION; ORDINATION AB The combination of species distributions with abiotic and landscape variables using Geographic Information Systems can prioritize areas for biodiversity protection by identifying areas of high richness, although the number of variables and complexity of the relationships between them can prove difficult for traditional statistical methods. The use of these methods, which commonly assume linearity and low correlation between independent variables, can obscure even strong relationships and patterns. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) is a heuristic statistical tool based on machine learning methods that can be used to explore patterns in large, complex datasets for linear and nonlinear patterns. Here we use SOM to visualize broad patterns in species richness by taxonomic group (birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians) and 78 habitat, landscape and environmental variables using data from the Gap analysis project for West Virginia, USA. Soil and habitat variables demonstrated clear relationships with species richness; areas with high species richness occurred in areas with high soil richness. Landscape metrics were less important, although habitat diversity and evenness indices were positively related to species richness in some taxonomic groups. Current coverage of protected areas (e.g., National Forests and state parks) appeared to be insufficient to cover most of the areas of high species richness, especially for reptiles; many of the polygons with the highest richness were not covered by these areas. The identification of polygons with high richness and low protection can be used to focus conservation efforts in those areas. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, STD,SEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hopton, ME (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, POB 210006, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mhopton669@adelphia.net OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182; Hopton, Matt/0000-0001-7962-6820 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 14 BP 4477 EP 4494 DI 10.1007/s10531-005-5099-0 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119FY UT WOS:000242999400007 ER PT J AU Pennell, ML Dunson, DB AF Pennell, Michael L. Dunson, David B. TI Bayesian semiparametric dynamic frailty models for multiple event time data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; chemoprevention; Dirichlet process; nonparametric Bayes; palpable tumors; survival analysis; tumor multiplicity data ID MULTIVARIATE SURVIVAL-DATA; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; PANEL-COUNT DATA; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS; GAMMA PROCESSES; CARCINOGENESIS; HETEROGENEITY; INFERENCE; TUMOR AB Many biomedical studies collect data on times of occurrence for a health event that can occur repeatedly, such as infection, hospitalization, recurrence of disease, or tumor onset. To analyze such data, it is necessary to account for within-subject dependency in the multiple event times. Motivated by data from studies of palpable tumors, this article proposes a dynamic frailty model and Bayesian semiparametric approach to inference. The widely used shared frailty proportional hazards model is generalized to allow subject-specific frailties to change dynamically with age while also accommodating nonproportional hazards. Parametric assumptions on the frailty distribution are avoided by using Dirichlet process priors for a shared frailty and for multiplicative innovations on this frailty. By centering the semiparametric model on a conditionally conjugate dynamic gamma model, we facilitate posterior computation and lack-of-fit assessments of the parametric model. Our proposed method is demonstrated using data from a cancer chemoprevention study. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pennell, ML (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pennell@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1052 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00571.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 115ZH UT WOS:000242771800010 PM 17156278 ER PT J AU Rozman, KK Bhatia, J Calafat, AM Chambers, C Culty, M Etzel, RA Flaws, JA Hansen, DK Hoyer, PB Jeffery, EH Kesner, JS Marty, S Thomas, JA Umbach, D AF Rozman, Karl K. Bhatia, Jatinder Calafat, Antonia M. Chambers, Christina Culty, Martine Etzel, Ruth A. Flaws, Jodi A. Hansen, Deborah K. Hoyer, Patricia B. Jeffery, Elizabeth H. Kesner, James S. Marty, Sue Thomas, John A. Umbach, David TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of genistein SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ESTROGENS; TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS; SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC NUCLEUS; MATERNAL DIETARY EXPOSURE; PURIFIED SOY ISOFLAVONES; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rozman, KK (reprint author), NIEHS EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES045002-12] NR 235 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 BP 485 EP 638 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20087 PG 154 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 119AD UT WOS:000242983700001 PM 17186522 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Ai, N Arora, S Erenrich, E Nagarajan, K Zauhar, R Young, D Welsh, WJ AF Wang, Ching Y. Ai, Ni Arora, Sonia Erenrich, Eric Nagarajan, Karthigeyan Zauhar, Randy Young, Douglas Welsh, William J. TI Identification of previously unrecognized antiestrogenic chemicals using a novel virtual screening approach SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-SIGNATURES; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; TOXICITY; DISCOVERY; HEALTH AB The physiological roles of estrogen in sexual differentiation and development, female and male reproductive processes, and bone health are complex and diverse. Numerous natural and synthetic chemical compounds, commonly known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), have been shown to alter the physiological effects of estrogen in humans and wildlife. As such, these EDCs may cause unanticipated and even undesirable effects. Large-scale in vitro and in vivo screening of chemicals to assess their estrogenic activity would demand a prodigious investment of time, labor, and money and would require animal testing on an unprecedented scale. Approaches in silico are increasingly recognized as playing a vital role in screening and prioritizing chemicals to extend limited resources available for experimental testing. Here. we evaluated a multistep procedure that is suitable for in silico (virtual) screening of large chemical databases to identify compounds exhibiting estrogenic activity. This procedure incorporates Shape Signatures, a novel computational tool that rapidly compares molecules on the basis of similarity in shape, polarity, and other bio-relevant properties. Using 4-hydroxy tamoxifen (4-OH TAM) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) as input queries, we employed this scheme to search a sample database of similar to 200 000 commercially available organic chemicals for matches (hits). Of the eight compounds identified computationally as potentially (anti)estrogenic, biological evaluation confirmed two as heretofore unknown estrogen antagonists. Subsequent radioligand binding assays confirmed that two of these three compounds exhibit antiestrogenic activities comparable to 4-OH TAM. Molecular modeling studies of these ligands docked inside the binding pocket of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) elucidated key ligand-receptor interactions that corroborate these experimental findings. The present study demonstrates the utility of our computational scheme for this and related applications in drug discovery, predictive toxicology, and virtual screening C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Inst Informat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Chem & Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Welsh, WJ (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM welshwj@umdnj.edu FU NLM NIH HHS [G08 LM006230, G08 LM006230-07, G08 LM06230] NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1595 EP 1601 DI 10.1021/tx060218k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 119FD UT WOS:000242997300006 PM 17173372 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ AF Thomas, David J. TI Role of metabolism in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 232nd ACS National Meeting CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 12 MA 103 BP 1699 EP 1699 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 119FD UT WOS:000242997300117 ER PT J AU Yoon, BS Pogue, R Ovchinnikov, DA Yoshii, I Mishina, Y Behringer, RR Lyons, KM AF Yoon, Byeong S. Pogue, Robert Ovchinnikov, Dmitri A. Yoshii, Isaac Mishina, Yuji Behringer, Richard R. Lyons, Karen M. TI BMPs regulate multiple aspects of growth-plate chondrogenesis through opposing actions on FGF pathways SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE bone morphogenetic protein; cartilage; chondrogenesis; fibroblast growth factor; indian hedgehog; BMP receptors; mouse ID BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; INDIAN-HEDGEHOG; CHONDROCYTE PROLIFERATION; ENDOCHONDRAL SKELETON; FACTOR-BETA; CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION; CARTILAGE DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC MICE; MOUSE LIMB; I RECEPTOR AB Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways are essential regulators of chondrogenesis. However, the roles of these pathways in vivo are not well understood. Limb-culture studies have provided a number of essential insights, including the demonstration that BMP pathways are required for chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. However, limb-culture studies have yielded contradictory results; some studies indicate that BMPs exert stimulatory effects on differentiation, whereas others support inhibitory effects. Therefore, we characterized the skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking Bmpr1a in chondrocytes (Bmpr1a(CKO)) and Bmpr1a(CKO); Bmpr1b(+/-) (Bmpr1a(CKO); 1b(+/-)) in order to test the roles of BMP pathways in the growth plate in vivo. These mice reveal requirements for BMP signaling in multiple aspects of chondrogenesis. They also demonstrate that the balance between signaling outputs from BMP and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways plays a crucial role in the growth plate. These studies indicate that BMP signaling is required to promote Ihh expression, and to inhibit activation of STAT and ERK1/2 MAPK, key effectors of FGF signaling. BMP pathways inhibit FGF signaling, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of FGFR1. These results provide a genetic in vivo demonstration that the progression of chondrocytes through the growth plate is controlled by antagonistic BMP and FGF signaling pathways. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lyons, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM klyons@mednet.ucla.edu RI Lyons, Karen/P-1843-2014; Pogue, Robert/C-3860-2016; Ovchinnikov, Dmitry/J-7963-2014 OI Lyons, Karen/0000-0001-9420-5813; Pogue, Robert/0000-0002-8789-3512; Ovchinnikov, Dmitry/0000-0001-9603-8385 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044528] NR 75 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 133 IS 23 BP 4667 EP 4678 DI 10.1242/dev.02680 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 103BA UT WOS:000241857600007 PM 17065231 ER PT J AU Gregg, JW Jones, CG Dawson, TE AF Gregg, Jillian W. Jones, Clive G. Dawson, Todd E. TI Physiological and developmental effects of O-3 on cottonwood growth in urban and rural sites SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE foliar production; open-top chamber; ozone; photosynthesis; Populus deltoides; premature leaf senescence; root : shoot ratios; rural; stomatal conductance; stomatal control; urban ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; PONDEROSA PINE; ELEVATED CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; CARBON ALLOCATION; AMBIENT OZONE; PICEA-ABIES AB Previously we found that cloned cottonwood saplings (Populus deltoides) grew twice as large in New York, New York, USA, compared to surrounding rural environments and that soils, temperature, CO2, nutrient deposition, and microclimatic variables could not account for the greater urban plant biomass. Correlations between final season biomass and cumulative O-3 exposures, combined with twofold growth reductions in an open-top chamber experiment provided strong evidence that higher cumulative O-3 exposures in rural sites reduced growth in the country. Here, we assess the field gas exchange, growth and development, and allocation responses underlying the observed growth differences and compare them with isolated O-3 responses documented in the open-top chamber experiment. Cottonwoods showed no visible foliar injury, reduced photosynthesis of recently expanded foliage, early leaf senescence, protective reduction in stomatal conductance, or compensatory allocation to shoot relative to root biomass for either the chamber or field experiment. Instead, O-3-impacted chamber plants had significantly higher conductance and reduced photosynthesis of older foliage that led to reduced leaf area production and a twofold biomass reduction in the absence of visible injury. Rural-grown field plants showed the same pattern of significantly higher conductance in the absence of concomitant increases in photosynthesis that was indicative of a loss of stomatal control. Incremental changes in foliar production were also significantly inversely related to fluctuations in ambient O-3 exposures. The similarity in biomass, gas exchange, phenological, and allocation responses between chamber and field experiments indicate that mechanisms accounting for reduced growth at rural sites were consistent with those in the open-top chamber O-3 experiment. This study shows the limitation of visible symptoms as a sole diagnostic factor for documenting detrimental O-3 impacts and points toward a new approach to show O-3 impacts when visible injury is not present. Namely, O-3-impacted vegetation showed an unusual inverse relationship of increased conductance with lower photosynthesis of older foliage that was indicative of a loss of stomatal control. This increased stomatal conductance Of O-3-impacted vegetation accentuates pollutant flux into affected foliage and has important implications for system water balance during warm, dry portions of the growing season when O-3 concentrations are highest. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gregg, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Terr Ecosyst Res Assoc, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM gregg.jillian@epa.gov RI Jones, Clive/I-4603-2014 OI Jones, Clive/0000-0001-7630-7285 NR 71 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2368 EP 2381 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2368:PADEOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300025 PM 17205911 ER PT J AU Iovanna, R Griffiths, C AF Iovanna, Richard Griffiths, Charles TI Clean water, ecological benefits, and benefits transfer: A work in progress at the US EPA SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE benefits transfer; ecosystem services; cost-benefit analysis; water policy ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; OUTDOOR RECREATION; DEMAND AB Economists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are regularly called upon to assess the anticipated benefits and costs of rules proposed to implement environmental legislation. These laws reflect a concern for both human and ecological health, and the increased flow of ecosystem services is a significant source of benefit. This is particularly true for the Clean Water Act (CWA), one goal of which is to safeguard aquatic habitat. Because the benefit-cost analyses must be completed within mandated deadlines, the approaches taken to assess benefits are often expedient ones that have already survived the gauntlet of review both within and outside the agency. This engenders a strong bias toward the benefits transfer approach and particular variants of it. In this paper, we review how ecological benefits have been assessed for and benefits transfer applied to seven EPA rules issued under the CWA. We highlight common themes and point out recurring concerns. Some concerns relate to agency decisions regarding the treatment of a particular benefit category and could be dealt with relatively easily. Other concerns will require the support of an engaged research community to improve the fit of valuation studies to policy contexts and to ensure that the changes in ecological response to which benefit estimates are being transferred are accurately measured. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Farm Serv Agcy, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Iovanna, R (reprint author), USDA, Farm Serv Agcy, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Stop 0519, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Rich.iovanna@wdc.usda.gov; Griffiths.charles@epa.gov NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.06.012 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 118XF UT WOS:000242976100015 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Bennett, RS AF Etterson, Matthew A. Bennett, Richard S. TI The effects of uncertainty about age at transition on bias in the Mayfield family of estimators SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecological Models as Decision Tools in the 21st Century CY AUG 22-24, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecol Modelling DE nest survival; Mayfield Markov chain; avian nest ID DAILY SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; NEST SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; MODEL AB Recent theoretical advances in nest survival estimation have demonstrated the importance of knowledge of nest age in improving nest survival estimates. However, data on the age of nests may be difficult to collect because nests may vary in developmental rate, handling eggs or nestlings may be too intrusive, or candling eggs and measuring nestlings may be infeasible due to nest location. We use a Mayfield Markov chain formulation to explore how bias in nest survival estimates arising from age-specific heterogeneity in transition probabilities can be managed through careful timing of nest visits. in general, the magnitude of bias is minimized when the dates of transitional events (hatching and fledging) are known exactly through daily monitoring. However, researchers can maintain similarly low levels of bias by concentrating nest visits around anticipated hatching and fledging dates, and allowing longer intervals between visits when no transition is imminent. This can reduce the number of required nest visits by about one third, depending on sample size. Accurate characterizations of the joint probability distributions of hatching and nest age, and fledging and nest age, can also reduce bias in daily survival estimates and are particularly important for overall success estimates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 3 SI SI BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.06.003 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109JF UT WOS:000242303300005 ER PT J AU Hewitt, SC AF Hewitt, Sylvia C. TI The five W's of progesterone receptors A and B: Now we know where and when SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC MICE; EXPRESSION; ENDOMETRIUM; BREAST; ISOFORM C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hewitt, SC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, 111 Alexander Dr,MD E4-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM curtiss@niehs.nih.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 147 IS 12 BP 5501 EP 5502 DI 10.1210/en.2006-1314 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 105QK UT WOS:000242047200001 PM 17107971 ER PT J AU Mahajan, R Blair, A Lynch, CF Schroeder, P Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Alavanja, MCR AF Mahajan, Raieev Blair, Aaron Lynch, Charles F. Schroeder, Paul Hoppin, Jane A. Sandler, Dale P. Alavanja, Michael C. R. TI Fonofos exposure and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; fonofos; insecticides; neoplasms; occupational exposure; organophosphorus compounds; organothiophosphorus compounds; pesticides ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; RISK-FACTORS; PESTICIDE USE; MEN; TESTOSTERONE; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION; MINNESOTA; LEUKEMIA; FARMERS AB BACKGROUND: The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993-1997 and followed for incident cancer through 2002. A previous investigation in this cohort linked exposure to the organophosphate fonofos with incident prostate cancer in subjects with family history of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES: This finding along with findings of associations between organophosphate pesticides and cancer more broadly led to this study of fonofos and risk of any cancers among 45,372 pesticide applicators enrolled in the AHS. METHODS: Pesticide exposure, and other data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: Relative to the unexposed, leukemia risk was elevated in the highest category of lifetime (RR = 2.24; 95% CI, 0.94-5.34, p(trend) = 0.07) and intensity-weighted exposure-days (RR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.06-6.70, p(trend) = 0.04), a measure that takes into account factors that modify pesticide exposure. Although prostate cancer risk was unrelated to fonofos use overall, among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer, we observed a significant dose-response trend for lifetime exposure-days (p(trend) = 0.02, RR highest tertile vs. unexposed = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.03-3.05; RRinteraction = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.07-1.54). Intensity-weighted results were similar. No associations were observed with other examined cancer sites. CONCLUSIONS: Further study is warranted to confirm findings with respect to leukemia and determine whether genetic susceptibility modifies prostate cancer risk from pesticide exposure. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8000,MSC 7240, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM Alavanjm@mail.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 24 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1838 EP 1842 DI 10.1289/ehp.9301 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200028 PM 17185272 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Landsittel, D Nishioka, M Thomas, K Curwin, B Raymer, J Donnelly, KC McCauley, L Ryan, PB AF Barr, Dana B. Landsittel, Doug Nishioka, Marcia Thomas, Kent Curwin, Brian Raymer, James Donnelly, Kirby C. McCauley, Linda Ryan, P. Barry TI Statistical issues: Barr et al. - Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID FARMWORKER EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Penn, Sch Human Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP A689 EP A690 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200004 ER PT J AU Mage, DT Wallace, LA Kollander, M Ott, WR AF Mage, David T. Wallace, Lance A. Kollander, Mel Ott, Wayne R. TI Statistical issues in farmworker studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; FARMERS; TEAM C1 Temple Univ, Newark, DE USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Temple Univ, Alexandria, VA USA. EM magedonner@aol.com RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP A688 EP A689 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200003 PM 17185250 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J Stoddard, JL Paulsen, SG Olsen, AR AF Van Sickle, John Stoddard, John L. Paulsen, Steven G. Olsen, Anthony R. TI Using relative risk to compare the effects of aquatic stressors at a regional scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE relative survey; environmental stressor; EMAP; stream monitoring; sample survey ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; UNITED-STATES; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; STREAMS AB The regional-scale importance of an aquatic stressor depends both on its regional extent (i.e., how widespread it is) and on the severity of its effects in ecosystems where it is found. Sample surveys, such as those developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), are designed to estimate and compare the extents, throughout a large region, of elevated conditions for various aquatic stressors. In this article, we propose relative risk as a complementary measure of the severity of each stressor's effect on a response variable that characterizes aquatic ecological condition. Specifically, relative risk measures the strength of association between stressor and response variables that can be classified as either "good" (i.e., reference) or "poor" (i.e., different from reference). We present formulae for estimating relative risk and its confidence interval, adapted for the unequal sample inclusion probabilities employed in EMAP surveys. For a recent EMAP survey of streams in five Mid-Atlantic states, we estimated the relative extents of eight stressors as well as their relative risks to aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, with assemblage condition measured by an index of biotic integrity (IBI). For example, a measure of excess sedimentation had a relative risk of 1.60 for macroinvertebrate IBI, with the meaning that poor IBI conditions were 1.6 times more likely to be found in streams having poor conditions of sedimentation than in streams having good sedimentation conditions. We show how stressor extent and relative risk estimates, viewed together, offer a compact and comprehensive assessment of the relative importances of multiple stressors. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM VanSickle.John@epa.gov OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1020 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0240-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107BW UT WOS:000242146700012 PM 17058032 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND AF Hutson, Nick D. TI Environmental applications of adsorption SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 298 EP 299 DI 10.1002/ep.10162 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112BK UT WOS:000242499900004 ER PT J AU Krasner, SW Weinberg, HS Richardson, SD Pastor, SJ Chinn, R Sclimenti, MJ Onstad, GD Thruston, AD AF Krasner, Stuart W. Weinberg, Howard S. Richardson, Susan D. Pastor, Salvador J. Chinn, Russell Sclimenti, Michael J. Onstad, Gretchen D. Thruston, Alfred D., Jr. TI Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; IDENTIFICATION; OZONATION; BROMIDE; CYTOTOXICITY; GENOTOXICITY; ACID; MX; TRIHALOMETHANES AB A survey of disinfection byproduct (DBP) occurrence in the United States was conducted at 12 drinking water treatment plants. In addition to currently regulated DBPs, more than 50 DBPs that rated a high priority for potential toxicity were studied. These priority DBPs included iodinated trihalomethanes (THMs), other halomethanes, a nonregulated haloacid, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, halonitromethanes, haloaldehydes, halogenated furanones, haloamides, and nonhalogenated carbonyls. The purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative occurrence information for new DBPs (beyond those currently regulated and/or studied) for prioritizing future health effects studies. An effort was made to select plants treating water that was high in total organic carbon and/or bromide to enable the detection of priority DBPs that contained bromine and/or iodine. THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs) represented the two major classes of halogenated DBPs formed on a weight basis. Haloacetaldehydes represented the third major class formed in many of the waters. In addition to obtaining quantitative occurrence data, important new information was discovered or confirmed at full-scale plants on the formation and control of DBPs with alternative disinfectants to chlorine. Although the use of alternative disinfectants (ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines) minimized the formation of the four regulated THMs, trihalogenated HAAs, and total organic halogen (TOX), several priority DBPs were formed at higher levels with the alternative disinfectants as compared with chlorine. For example, the highest levels of iodinated THMs-which are not part of the four regulated THMs-were found at a plant that used chloramination with no prechlorination. The highest concentration of dichloroacetaldehyde was at a plant that used chloramines and ozone; however, this disinfection scheme reduced the formation of trichloroacetaldehyde. Preozonation was found to increase the formation of trihalonitromethanes. In addition to the chlorinated furanones that have been measured previously, brominated furanones-which have seldom been analyzed- were detected, especially in high-bromide waters. The presence of bromide resulted in a shift to the formation of other bromine-containing DBPs not normally measured (e.g., brominated ketones, acetaldehydes, nitromethanes, acetamides). Collectively, similar to 30 and 39% of the TOX and total organic bromine, respectively, were accounted for (on a median basis) by the sum of the measured halogenated DBPs. In addition, 28 new, previously unidentified DBPs were detected. These included brominated and iodinated haloacids, a brominated ketone, and chlorinated and iodinated aldehydes. C1 Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Krasner, SW (reprint author), Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, 700 Moreno Ave, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. EM skrasner@mwdH2O.com NR 51 TC 611 Z9 664 U1 71 U2 446 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 7175 EP 7185 DI 10.1021/es060353j PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110GT UT WOS:000242367100017 PM 17180964 ER PT J AU Hagy, JD Lehrter, JC Murrell, MC AF Hagy, James D., III Lehrter, John C. Murrell, Michael. C. TI Effects of Hurricane Ivan on water quality in Pensacola Bay, Florida SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID STRATIFIED ESTUARY; IMPACTS; PATTERNS AB Pensacola Bay, Florida, was in the strong northeast quadrant of Hurricane Ivan when it made landfall on September 16, 2004 as a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. We present data describing the timeline and maximum height of the storm surge, the extent of flooding of coastal land, and the magnitude of the freshwater inflow pulse that followed the storm. We computed the magnitude of tidal flushing associated with the surge using a tidal prism model. We also evaluated hurricane effects on water quality using water quality surveys conducted 20 and 50 d after the storm, which we compared with a survey 14 d before landfall. We evaluated the scale of hurricane effects relative to normal variability using a 5-yr monthly record. Ivan's 3.5 m storm surge inundated 165 km(2) of land, increasing the surface area of Pensacola Bay by 50% and its volume by 230%. The model suggests that 60% of the Bay's volume was flushed, initially increasing the average salinity of Bay waters from 23 to 30 and lowering nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations. Additional computations suggest that wind forcing was sufficient to completely mix the water column during the storm. Freshwater discharge from the largest river increased twentyfold during the subsequent 4 d, stimulating a modest phytoplankton bloom (chlorophyll up to 18 mu g I-1) and maintaining hypoxia for several months. Although the immediate physical perturbation was extreme, the water quality effects that persisted beyond the first several days were within the normal range of variability for this system. In terms of water quality and phytoplankton productivity effects, this ecosystem appears to be quite resilient in the face of a severe hurricane effect. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Hagy, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM hagy.jim@epa.gov NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 18 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 919 EP 925 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800006 ER PT J AU Vines, AI Baird, DD McNeilly, M Hertz-Picciotto, F Light, KC Stevens, J AF Vines, AI Baird, DD McNeilly, M Hertz-Picciotto, F Light, KC Stevens, J TI Social correlates of the chronic stress of perceived racism among black women SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE perceived racism; racism; racial discrimination; stress ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; DISCRIMINATION; HEALTH; RESPONSES; RACE AB Objectives: This study describes the perceptions of racism, passive and active responses to this psychosocial stressor, and it examines socioeconomic correlates of perceived racism in an economically diverse population of Black women. Methods: The Telephone-Administered Perceived Racism Scale was administered to 476 Black women, aged 36 to 53 years, who were randomly selected from a large health plan. Results: The percentage of respondents who reported personally experiencing racism in the past five years ranged from 66% to 93%, depending on the specific item asked. When respondents were asked about racism toward Blacks as a group, perceptions of racism were even higher. For example, 68% "agreed" or "strongly agreed" that. they had personally experienced being followed or watched while shopping because of their race, and 93%, reported that Blacks in general experience this form of discrimination. Strong emotional responses to racism were often reported, and though more respondents (41%) reported experiencing very strong active emotions including anger, a substantial group (16%) reported experiencing very strong passive emotions such as powerlessness. Higher education was associated with higher perceived racism, while growing up in a middle-income or well-off family was associated with lower perceived racism and reduced likelihood of passive responses to racism. Conclusions: The high prevalence of perceived racism ill this Study population warrants further examination of this stressor as a potential determinant of racial health disparities. Higher education and income do not appear to protect women from experiencing racism and feeling hopeless or powerless in response. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Psychol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vines, AI (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, 267 Rosenau Hall CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM avines@email.unc.edu OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIMH NIH HHS [1-R03-MH61057-01, R03 MH061057-01] NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 9 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RH UT WOS:000234841000016 PM 16599356 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Ponangi, R Vane, LM AF Namboodiri, Vasudevan V. Ponangi, Ravi Vane, Leland M. TI A novel hydrophilic polymer membrane for the dehydration of organic solvents SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; PAA; PVA; selectivity; flux; dehydration ID SILICA MEMBRANES; PERVAPORATION; SEPARATION; MIXTURES AB Novel hydrophilic polymer membranes based on cross-linked mixtures of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-poly(vinyl alcohol) are developed. The high selectivity and flux characteristics of these membranes for the dehydration of organic solvents are evaluated using pervaporation technology and are found to be very promising when compared to existing membranes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vane.leland@epa.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 BP 3390 EP 3393 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.09.011 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 119TB UT WOS:000243035200027 ER PT J AU de Serres, FJ Blanco, I Fernandez-Bustillo, E AF de Serres, F. J. Blanco, I. Fernandez-Bustillo, E. TI Estimated numbers and prevalence of Pl*S and Pl*Z deficiency alleles of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency in Asia SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency; alpha(1)-protease; alpha(1)-protease inhibitor; genetic epidemiology; protease inhibitor phenotypes ID SERUM-PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS; RED-CELL ENZYME; ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN PHENOTYPES; PIM SUBTYPES; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION GROUPS; SAUDI-ARABIA; JAPANESE; FREQUENCIES; EUROPE AB The current study focuses on updating estimates of the numbers of individuals carrying the two most common deficiency alleles, protease inhibitor (PI)*S and PI*Z, for a,antitrypsin deficiency (AT-D) in 20 Asian countries. A total of 170 cohorts with 31,177 individuals were selected from 20 Asian countries. The total AT-D populations in the countries selected were: 7,264 ZZ; 36,754 SZ; 6,672,479 MZ; 46,492 SS; and 16,881,108 MS. Marked differences among the Asian countries and regions were also found for the prevalence of the deficiency alleles PI*S and PI*Z. These numbers demonstrate that AT-D is not just a genetic disease that affects smaller numbers than various countries, for example, in Europe. There were marked differences between the prevalence of the PI*S and PI*Z deficiency alleles among these 20 Asian countries as well as among the countries within a given geographic region in Asia. The largest numbers of ZZ phenotypes (3,000-14,000) were in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Thailand; with < 1,700 in each of the remaining countries. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ctr Evaluat Risks Human Reprod, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Hosp Valle Nalon, Div Internal Med, Resp Dis Branch, Sama De Langreo, Spain. Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Biostat Unit, Oviedo, Principado, Spain. RP de Serres, FJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ctr Evaluat Risks Human Reprod, Natl Toxicol Program, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM deserres@bellsouth.net NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1091 EP 1099 DI 10.1183/09031936.00029806 PG 9 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 115HJ UT WOS:000242725100007 PM 17005586 ER PT J AU Turner, BJ Fisher, MT Taylor, DS Davis, WP Jarrett, BL AF Turner, Bruce J. Fisher, Michael T. Taylor, D. Scott Davis, William P. Jarrett, Bambi L. TI Evolution of 'maleness' and outcrossing in a population of the self-fertilizing killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atherinomorpha; clonal reproduction; Cyprinodontiformes; hermaphroditism; mating system; Rivulidae; Rivulus ID FISH RIVULUS-MARMORATUS; HERMAPHRODITIC FISH; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SEX DETERMINATION; ANDRODIOECY; CLEISTOGAMY; MAINTENANCE; MALES; POEY; CYPRINODONTIFORMES AB Question: Does the persistently high frequency of males in the Twin Cays population of Kryptolebias (formerly Rivulus) mamoratus (Pisces: Rivulidae), a self-fertilizing, androdioecious species, result from ecophenotypic effects or genetic divergence from other populations? Hypothesis: Because males are easily produced in the laboratory by temperature manipulations of embryos or juveniles, their frequency in this population is environmentally induced. Methods: Common garden experiment, two generations. Conclusions: Genetic differences exist between the Twin Cays population and other populations in the tendency to produce males. Since males likely induce androdioecious outcrossing, and the Twin Cays population is not ancestral to others, this genetic difference may indicate a shift from predominant selfing to outcrossing, a direction not predicted by current theory. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Brevard Ctry Environm Endangered Lands Program, Melbourne, FL 32940 USA. US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Turner, BJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM fishgen@vt.edu NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1475 EP 1486 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 119JL UT WOS:000243008500008 ER PT J AU Carraway, MS Suliman, HB Madden, MC Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ AF Carraway, M. S. Suliman, H. B. Madden, M. C. Piantadosi, C. A. Ghio, A. J. TI Metabolic capacity regulates iron homeostasis in endothelial cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; FRIEDREICHS-ATAXIA; RAT HEPATOCYTES; MITOCHONDRIAL; FRATAXIN; HOMOLOG; ACCUMULATION; TRANSLATION; TRANSPORTER; APOPTOSIS AB The sensitivity of endothelial cells to oxidative stress and the high concentrations of iron in mitochondria led us to test the hypotheses that (1) changes in respiratory capacity alter iron homeostasis, and (2) lack of aerobic metabolism decreases labile iron stores and attenuates oxidative stress. Two respiration-deficient (rho degrees) endothelial cell lines with selective deletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were created by exposing a parent endothelial cell line (EA) to ethidium bromide. Surviving cells were cloned and mtDNA-deficient cell lines were demonstrated to have diminished oxygen consumption. Total cellular and mitochondrial iron levels were measured, and iron uptake and compartmentalization were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Iron transport and storage protein expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot or ELISA, and total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured. Mitochondrial iron content was the same in all three cell lines, but both rho degrees lines had lower iron uptake and total cellular iron. Protein and mRNA expressions of major cytosolic iron transport constituents were down-regulated in rho degrees cells, including transferrin receptor, divalent metal transporter-1 (-IRE isoform), and ferritin. The mitochondrial iron-handling protein, frataxin, was also decreased in respiration-deficient cells. The rho degrees cell lines generated less mitochondrial ROS but released more extracellular H2O2 and demonstrated significantly lower levels of lipid aldehyde formation than control cells. In summary, rho degrees cells with a minimal aerobic capacity had decreased iron uptake and storage. This work demonstrates that mitochondria regulate iron homeostasis in endothelial cells. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Carraway, MS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM carra001@mc.duke.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1662 EP 1669 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103EU UT WOS:000241869300006 PM 17145554 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Ebersole, JL Colvin, ME Leibowitz, SG Miller, B Hansen, B Lavigne, HR White, D Baker, JP Church, MR Brooks, JR Cairns, MA Compton, JE AF Wigington, P. J., Jr. Ebersole, J. L. Colvin, M. E. Leibowitz, S. G. Miller, B. Hansen, B. Lavigne, H. R. White, D. Baker, J. P. Church, M. R. Brooks, J. R. Cairns, M. A. Compton, J. E. TI Coho salmon dependence on intermittent streams SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SEASONAL-CHANGES; FISH; SURVIVAL AB In February 2006, the US Supreme Court heard cases that may affect whether intermittent streams are jurisdictional waters under the Clean Water Act. In June 2006, however, the cases were remanded to the circuit court, leaving the status of intermittent streams uncertain once again. The presence of commercial species, such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), can be an important consideration when determining jurisdiction. These salmon spawn in the upper portions of Oregon coastal stream networks, where intermittent streams are common. In our study of a coastal Oregon watershed, we found that intermittent streams were an important source of coho salmon smolts. Residual pools in intermittent streams provided a means by which juvenile coho could survive during dry periods; smolts that overwintered in intermittent streams were larger than those from perennial streams. Movement of juvenile coho into intermittent tributaries from the mainstem was another way in which the fish exploited the habitat and illustrates the importance of maintaining accessibility for entire stream networks. Loss of intermittent stream habitat would have a negative effect on coho salmon populations in coastal drainages, including downstream navigable waters. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM wigington.jim@epa.gov NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 4 IS 10 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[513:CSDOIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113WL UT WOS:000242628600011 ER PT J AU Clark, M AF Clark, Milton TI Taking action on global warming SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIPPING POINT; ICE; INTENSITY; IMPACT C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Clark, M (reprint author), US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. EM clark.milt@epa.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1017 DI 10.1080/10807030600977137 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100DG UT WOS:000241647000001 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Bennett, RS AF Etterson, Matthew A. Bennett, Richard S. TI On the use of published demographic data for population-level risk assessment in birds SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE population-level risk assessment; demographic models; surrogate data ID FINDING CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NEST SUCCESS; GROWTH RATE; AUXILIARY VARIABLES; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN METHODS; MAYFIELD METHOD; SURVIVAL AB As the practice of using population models for wildlife risk assessment has become more common, so has the practice of using surrogate data, typically taken from the published scientific literature, as inputs for demographic models. This practice clearly exposes the user to inferential errors. However, it is likely to continue because demographic data are expensive to gather. We review potential errors associated with the use of previously published demographic data and how those errors propagate into the endpoints of demographic projection models. We suggest methods for inferring bias in model endpoints when multiple and opposing biases are present in the demographic input data. We provide an example using Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), a common songbird in Midwestern grasslands and agro-ecosystems. We conclude with a brief review of methods that could improve inference made using published demographic data, including methods from life-history theory, meta-analysis, and Bayesian statistics. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1074 EP 1093 DI 10.1080/10807030600977277 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100DG UT WOS:000241647000003 ER PT J AU Zhao, YC Frey, HC AF Zhao, Yuchao Frey, H. Christopher TI Uncertainty for data with non-detects: Air toxic emissions from combustion SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE urban air toxics; emission factor; censored datasets; maximum likelihood estimation; bootstrap simulation ID CENSORED-DATA; RISK ASSESSMENT; VARIABILITY; SAMPLES; QUANTIFICATION; VARIANCE; INVENTORIES; NORMALITY; LIMIT AB Air toxic emission factor datasets often contain one or more points below a single or multiple detection limits and such datasets are referred to as "censored." Conventional methods used to deal with censored datasets include removing non-detects, replacing the censored points with zero, half of the detection limit, or the detection limit. However, the estimated means of the censored dataset by conventional methods are usually biased. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and bootstrap simulation have been demonstrated as a statistically robust method to quantify variability and uncertainty of censored datasets and can provide asymptotically unbiased mean estimates. The MLE/bootstrap method is applied to 16 cases of censored air toxic emission factors, including benzene, formaldehyde, benzo( a) pyrene, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, total chromium, chromium VI and lead from coal, fuel oil, and/or wood waste external combustion sources. The proportion of censored values in the emission factor data ranges from 4 to 80%. Key factors that influence the estimated uncertainty in the mean of censored data are sample size and inter-unit variability. The largest range of uncertainty in the mean was obtained for the external coal combustion benzene emission factor, with 95 confidence interval of the mean equal to minus 93 to plus 411%. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zhao, YC (reprint author), US EPA, MD-B205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zhao.maggie@epa.gov OI Frey, Henry/0000-0001-9450-0804 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1191 DI 10.1080/10807030600977178 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100DG UT WOS:000241647000007 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Wallace, JB Rosemond, AD Cross, WF AF Johnson, Brent R. Wallace, J. Bruce Rosemond, Amy D. Cross, Wyatt F. TI Larval salamander growth responds to enrichment of a nutrient poor headwater stream SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bottom-up; detritus; Eurycea; food web; vertebrate; predator ID WHOLE-RIVER FERTILIZATION; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; RESOURCE LIMITATION; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; EURYCEA-WILDERAE; TROPHIC CASCADES; LEAF BREAKDOWN; FOREST STREAM AB While many studies have measured effects of nutrient enrichment on higher trophic levels in grazing food webs, few such studies exist for detritus-based systems. We measured effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on growth of larval Eurycea wilderae in a heterotrophic headwater stream using a repeated mark-recapture design. Growth estimates for 208 recaptured larvae (control stream n = 92; treatment stream n = 116) resulted in a growth rate of 0.0027 d(-1) in each stream prior to enrichment, whereas during enrichment treatment growth rates (g = 0.0069 d(-1) stop [+/- 0.0019, 95% C.I.]) were significantly higher than control (g = 0.0043 d(-1) [+/- 0.0007, 95% C.I.]). Results indicate that E. wilderae growth is tightly linked to the detrital resource and that growth may be indirectly affected by both quantity and quality of detritus. This study provides some of the first evidence that nutrient enrichment of detritus-based systems can influence multiple trophic levels in ways similar to autotrophic systems. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 573 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0272-3 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102FK UT WOS:000241796200015 ER PT J AU Cohen, S Tirindelli, J Gomez-Chiarri, M Nacci, D AF Cohen, Sarah Tirindelli, Joelle Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Nacci, Diane TI Functional implications of major histocompatibility (MH) variation using estuarine fish populations SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL ID AMINO-ACID SITES; DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PARASITE RESISTANCE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BALANCING SELECTION; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; SEXUAL SELECTION AB Recently, there has been a dramatic expansion of studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variation aimed at discovering functional differences in immunity across wild populations of diverse vertebrate species. Some species with relatively low genetic diversity or under strong directional selection by pathogens have revealed fascinating cases of MHC allelic disease linkage. More generally in genetically diverse species, however, these linkages may be hard to find. In this paper, we review approaches for assessing functional variation in MHC and discuss their potential use for discovering smaller-scale intraspecific spatial and temporal patterns of MHC variation. Then, we describe and illustrate an approach using the structural model to produce a population composite of variation in antigen-binding regions by mapping population-specific substitutions onto functional regions of the molecule. We are producing models of variation in major histocompatibility (MH) loci for populations of non-migratory fish (killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus) resident at sites that vary dramatically in environmental quality. We discuss the goal of relating MH population variation to functional differences in disease susceptibility such as those inferred by observations of parasitic infection and direct measurement of bacterial challenges in the laboratory. Our study has focused on relatively well-studied killifish populations, including those resident in a highly disturbed, chemically contaminated estuary and nearby less contaminated sites. Population-specific genetic changes at MHC antigen-binding loci are described, and evidence relevant to functional implications of these changes is reviewed. Population-specific patterns of variation in antigen-binding regions in combination with a range of assessments of immune function will provide a powerful new approach to reveal functional changes in MHC. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Rombert Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cohen, S (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Rombert Tiburon Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM sarahcoh@sfsu.edu NR 85 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1029 DI 10.1093/icb/icl044 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 111HP UT WOS:000242442300029 PM 21672804 ER PT J AU Babin, V Baucom, J Darden, TA Sagui, C AF Babin, Volodymyr Baucom, Jason Darden, Thomas A. Sagui, Celeste TI Molecular dynamics simulations of polarizable DNA in crystal environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 2006 CL St Simons Isl, GA SP Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project DE DNA; electrostatics; polarizable; crystal ID PARTICLE-MESH EWALD; T-G-G; B-DNA; FORCE-FIELDS; D(CCAACGTTGG)(2) DECAMER; BIOMOLECULAR SIMULATIONS; AB-INITIO; C-G; WATER; MAGNESIUM AB We have investigated the role of the electrostatic description and cell environment in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of DNA. Multiple unrestrained MD simulations of the DNA duplex d(CCAACGTTGG)(2) have been carried out using two different force fields: a traditional description based on atomic point charges and a polarizable force field. For the time scales probed, and given the "right" distribution of divalent ions, the latter performs better than the nonpolarizable force field. In particular, by imposing the experimental unit cell environment, an initial configuration with ideal B-DNA duplexes in the unit cell acquires sequence-dependent features that very closely resemble the crystallographic ones. Simultaneously, the all-atom root-mean-square coordinates deviation (RMSD) with respect to the crystallographic structure is seen to decay. At later times, the polarizable force field is able to maintain this lower RMSD, while the nonpolarizable force field starts to drift away. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sagui, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM darden@niehs.nih.gov; sagui@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 106 IS 15 SI SI BP 3260 EP 3269 DI 10.1002/qua.21152 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 100BP UT WOS:000241642400026 ER PT J AU Nguyen, RHN Gange, SJ Wabwire-Mangen, F Sewankambo, NK Serwadda, D Wawer, MJ Quinn, TC Gray, RH AF Nguyen, Ruby H. N. Gange, Stephen J. Wabwire-Mangen, Fred Sewankambo, Nelson K. Serwadda, David Wawer, Maria J. Quinn, Thomas C. Gray, Ronald H. TI Reduced fertility among HIV-infected women associated with viral load in Rakai district, Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE fertility; HIV; viral load; Africa; pregnancy ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; AIDS-PREVENTION; COMMUNITY TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MATERNAL HIV-1; COTE-DIVOIRE; SUBFERTILITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB We assessed whether HIV-1 viral load affects the likelihood of live birth among HIV-positive women in a nested case-control study of HIV-positive women from a community cohort in Rakai District, Uganda. Cases were women who had a live birth (n = 270), and controls were sexually active women who did not use contraception and did not become pregnant during follow-up (n = 263). In women with a live birth and non-pregnant controls, median HIV viral loads were 4.12 logl(10) copies/mL and 4.41 log(10) copies/mL, respectively (P = 0.001). A non-linear association was observed, and a segmented linear regression with spline knot at 4.5 log(10) copies/mL was fit. We observed a decline in the log (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]) = -0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.36, 0.20) between 3.0 and 4.49 log(10) viral load and -0.92 (95% CI: -1.21, -0.63) between 4.5 and 6.5 log(10) viral load. The two reductions differed significantly from one another (P < 0.001). Each increase in log(10) viral load after 4.5 log(10) resulted in an adj. OR of live birth which was 12% of the previous viral load category. Our data suggest that there may be considerable differences in the ability to produce a live birth among HIV-positive women with high viral loads. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Nguyen, RHN (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM nguyen5@niehs.nih.gov OI Sewankambo, Nelson/0000-0001-9362-053X; Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X FU FIC NIH HHS [R D43 TW0010-AITRP]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD38883] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD DEC PY 2006 VL 17 IS 12 BP 842 EP 846 DI 10.1258/095646206779307586 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 122IH UT WOS:000243218900013 PM 17212863 ER PT J AU Dougherty, CC AF Dougherty, Cynthia C. TI Tackling the future together SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Dougherty, CC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC USA. EM Dougherty.Cynthia@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 12 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 118DT UT WOS:000242923000006 ER PT J AU Wooten, MS Johnson, BR Emery, EB AF Wooten, Matthew S. Johnson, Brent R. Emery, Erich B. TI Temporal variation in Ohio river macroinvertebrates: A historical comparison of rock basket sampling (1965-1971 and 2002) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; STREAM; INDEX; COLONIZATION; MECHANISMS; POLLUTION; INPUT AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) used rock basket artificial substrates to sample benthic macroinvertebrates of the Ohio River from 1965 to 1971. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the benthic assemblage and to assess health of the community since passage of the 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA). Rock baskets of the same configuration were placed in the vicinity of the historic locations and were allowed to colonize for the same six-week period in summer 2002. Macroinvertebrates collected from 2002 baskets were compared to those of historic samples by using non-metric multidimensional scaling, by employing proportional indices of community similarity, and by comparing commonly used macroinvertebrate metrics. Analyses were generally performed at the genus (insects) or order (non-insect) level to minimize taxonomic discrepancies between time periods. A total of 62 taxa groups was identified across all years, with midges and oligochaetes generally dominating. Only 10-16 taxa groups accounted for > 93% of all individuals in each year, but taxa contributions varied greatly among years. The 2002 benthic assemblage was distinct from earlier years, with increases in total taxa richness and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa, and with a decline in the number of oligochaetes. Differences in 2002 data are partially attributed to a replacement of the amphipod Crangonyx sp. by Gammarus sp. and the invasion of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) during the late 1980s. Our findings indicate the Ohio River benthic community today is markedly different from that of the 1960s and has shown general improvement since passage of the 1972 CWA. C1 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wooten, MS (reprint author), No Kentucky Sanitat Dist 1, 1045 Eaton Dr, Ft Wright, KY USA. EM mwooten@sd1.org NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 561 EP 574 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664117 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107WI UT WOS:000242201300003 ER PT J AU Berman, JW Carson, MJ Chang, L Cox, BM Fox, HS Gonzalez, RG Hanson, GR Hauser, KF Ho, WZ Hong, JS Major, EO Maragos, WF Masliah, E McArthur, JC Miller, DB Nath, A O'Callaghan, JP Persidsky, Y Power, C Rogers, TJ Royal, W AF Berman, Joan W. Carson, Monica J. Chang, Linda Cox, Brian M. Fox, Howard S. Gonzalez, R. Gilberto Hanson, Glen R. Hauser, Kurt F. Ho, Wen-Zhe Hong, Jau-Shyong Major, Eugene O. Maragos, William F. Masliah, Eliezer McArthur, Justin C. Miller, Diane B. Nath, Avindra O'Callaghan, James P. Persidsky, Yuri Power, Christopher Rogers, Thomas J. Royal, Walter, III TI NeuroAIDS, Drug Abuse, and Inflammation: Building Collaborative Research Activities SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE NeuroAIDS; drug abuse; HIV; SIV; inflammation; brain AB Neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are a public health problem despite the availability of active antiretroviral therapies. The neuropathogenesis of HIV infection revolves around a complex cascade of events that include viral infection and glial immune activation, monocyte-macrophage brain infiltration, and secretion of a host of viral and cellular inflammatory and neurotoxic molecules. Although there is evidence that HIV-infected drug abusers experience more severe neurological disease, the biological basis for this finding is unknown. A scientific workshop organized by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) was held on March 23-24, 2006 to address this question. The goal of the meeting was to bring together basic science and clinical researchers who are experts in NeuroAIDS, glial immunity, drugs of abuse, and/or pharmacology in order to find new approaches to understanding interactions between drug abuse and neuroAIDS. The format of the meeting was designed to stimulate open discussion and forge new multidisciplinary research collaborations. This report includes transcripts of active discussions and short presentations from invited participants. The presentations were separated into sections that included: Glial Biology, Inflammation, and HIV; Pharmacology, Neurotoxicology, and Neuroprotection; NeuroAIDS and Virology; and Virus-Drug and Immune-Drug Interactions. Research priorities were identified. Additional information about this meeting is available through links from the NIDA AIDS Research Program website (http://www.nida.nih.gov/about/organization/arp/arp-websites.htm). C1 [Berman, Joan W.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Carson, Monica J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Div Biomed Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Chang, Linda] Univ Hawaii, Med Ctr, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Cox, Brian M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Fox, Howard S.] Scripps Inst, Mol & Integrat Neurosci Dept, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gonzalez, R. Gilberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hanson, Glen R.] Univ Utah, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Fox, Howard S.] La Jolla Canc Res Fdn, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hauser, Kurt F.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Hauser, Kurt F.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Lucille P Markey Canc Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Ho, Wen-Zhe] Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Major, Eugene O.] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Maragos, William F.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Lexington, KY 41287 USA. [Masliah, Eliezer] Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McArthur, Justin C.; Nath, Avindra] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. [Miller, Diane B.] Ctr Dis Control NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 30333 USA. [O'Callaghan, James P.] Ctr Dis Control NIOSH, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. [Persidsky, Yuri] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Neurosci, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Power, Christopher] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Rogers, Thomas J.] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Fels Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Royal, Walter, III] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Berman, JW (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM berman@aecom.yu.edu; monica.carson@ucr.edu; lchang@hawaii.edu; bcox@usuhs.mil; hsfox@scripps.edu; rggonzalez@partners.org; glen.hanson@hsc.utah.edu; khauser@uky.edu; ho@email.chop.edu; hong3@niehs.nih.gov; majorg@ninds.nih.gov; Maragos@uky.edu; emasliah@ucsd.edu; jm@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu; dum6@cdc.gov; anath1@jhmi.edu; jdo5@cdc.gov; ypersids@unmc.edu; chris.power@ualberta.ca; rogerst@temple.edu; wroyal@som.umaryland.edu RI Power, Christopher/C-7181-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; OI Fox, Howard/0000-0003-2032-374X FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS045735, R01 NS039508] NR 126 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1890 J9 J NEUROIMMUNE PHARM JI J. Neuroimmune Pharm. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 351 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s11481-006-9048-9 PG 49 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V04MX UT WOS:000207063600001 PM 18040811 ER PT J AU Shadbegian, RJ Gray, WB AF Shadbegian, Ronald J. Gray, Wayne B. TI Assessing multi-dimensional performance: environmental and economic outcomes SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE productivity; regulation; emissions; efficiency ID PRODUCTIVITY; ENFORCEMENT; INDUSTRY; REGULATIONS; EFFICIENCY; EMISSIONS; PLANTS; IMPACT; EPA AB This study examines economic performance, environmental performance, and regulatory activity for plants in three industries: pulp and paper., oil, and steel. Stochastic frontier production function models show significant deviations from production efficiency. Older plants are less efficient in production, but perform no worse on emissions. Plants spending more on pollution abatement tend to do worse on both production efficiency and emissions. Stricter local regulatory pressure is associated with somewhat lower emissions, but has mixed effects on production efficiency. Positive correlations between SUR residuals for emissions and production efficiency suggest unmeasured plant-level characteristics that drive both economic and environmental performance. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Econ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gray, WB (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Econ, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM wgray@clarku.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-562X J9 J PROD ANAL JI J. Prod. Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 213 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11123-006-0017-3 PG 22 WC Business; Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 113PC UT WOS:000242608800002 ER PT J AU Fare, R Grosskopf, S Pasurka, CA AF Fare, Rolf Grosskopf, Shawna Pasurka, Carl A., Jr. TI Social responsibility: US power plants 1985-1998 SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electric power plants; environmental performance index; Malmquist quantity index ID ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE; FIRMS AB This study introduces an Environmental Performance Index (EPI) to assess the performance of firms that produce both good and bad outputs. In the one good output one bad output case, the EPI simplifies to the ratio of good-bad output for period t + 1 and period t. After deriving the index, data for U.S. coal-fired power plants from 1985 to 1998 are used to demonstrate insights that the EPI can provide. We find that power plants with units participating in Phase I of the Acid Rain Program experience a dramatic improvement in their EPI during 1994-1995. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pasurka, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1809T,1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM PASURKA.CARL@EPA.GOV RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; GROSSKOPF , Shawnax/H-4031-2013; Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-562X J9 J PROD ANAL JI J. Prod. Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11123-006-0015-5 PG 9 WC Business; Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 113PC UT WOS:000242608800005 ER PT J AU Touma, JS Cox, WM Tikvart, JA AF Touma, Jawad S. Cox, William M. Tikvart, Joseph A. TI Spatial and temporal variability of ambient air toxics data SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; CALIFORNIA; POLLUTANTS; PM10-2.5; TRENDS; PM2.5 AB This paper summarizes information on the spatial and temporal variability of selected air toxics pollutants collected on a national basis primarily for a period encompassing 1990-2003. Spatial information on pollutant concentrations is characterized in terms of within-city and between-city variability. Temporal information is summarized as diurnal and seasonal variability and in multiyear trends. The information on variability is presented in the framework of a larger need for systematic documentation of information on air toxics pollutants to assess progress in air pollution control programs. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Touma, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Touma.Joe@epa.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1716 EP 1725 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115VS UT WOS:000242762500009 PM 17195490 ER PT J AU Yanca, CA Barth, DC Petterson, KA Nakanishi, MP Cooper, JA Johnsen, BE Lambert, RH Bivins, DG AF Yanca, Catherine A. Barth, Douglas C. Petterson, Krag A. Nakanishi, Michael P. Cooper, John A. Johnsen, Bruce E. Lambert, Richard H. Bivins, Daniel G. TI Validation of three new methods for determination of metal emissions using a modified Environmental Protection Agency Method 301 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Three new methods applicable to the determination of hazardous metal concentrations in stationary source emissions were developed and evaluated for use in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) compliance applications. Two of the three independent methods, a continuous emissions monitor-based method (Xact) and an X-ray-based filter method (XFM), are used to measure metal emissions. The third method involves a quantitative aerosol generator (QAG), which produces a reference aerosol used to evaluate the measurement methods. A modification of EPA Method 301 was used to validate the three methods for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg, representing three hazardous waste combustor Maximum Achievable Control Technology, (MACT) metal categories (low volatile, semivolatile, and volatile). The modified procedure tested the methods using more stringent criteria than EPA Method 301; these criteria included accuracy, precision, and linearity. The aerosol generation method was evaluated in the laboratory by comparing actual with theoretical aerosol concentrations. The measurement methods were evaluated at a hazardous waste combustor (HWC),by comparing measured with reference aerosol concentrations. The QAG, Xact, and XFM met the modified Method 301 validation criteria. All three of the methods demonstrated precisions and accuracies on the order of 5%. In addition, correlation coefficients for each method were on the order of 0.99, confirming the methods' linear response and high precision over a wide range of concentrations. The measurement methods should be applicable to emissions from a wide range of sources, and the reference aerosol generator should be applicable to additional analytes. EPA recently approved an alternative monitoring petition for an HWC at Eli Lilly's Tippecanoe site in Lafayette, IN, in which the Xact is used for demonstrating compliance with the HWC MACT metal emissions (low volatile, semivolatile, and volatile). The QAG reference aerosol generator was approved as a method for providing a quantitative reference aerosol, which is required for certification and continuing quality assurance of the Xact. C1 Cooper Environm Serv LLC, Portland, OR 97223 USA. SAIF Co, Portland, OR USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Engn Tech Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cooper, JA (reprint author), Cooper Environm Serv LLC, 10180 SW Nimbus Ave,Suite J6, Portland, OR 97223 USA. EM jacooper@cooperenvironmental.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1733 EP 1742 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115VS UT WOS:000242762500011 PM 17195492 ER PT J AU Torma, T AF Torma, T TI Urban sprawl and public health: Designing, planning and building for healthy communities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Dev Community & Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Torma, T (reprint author), US EPA, Dev Community & Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PLANNING ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 1313 EAST 60 STREET, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2891 USA SN 0194-4363 J9 J AM PLANN ASSOC JI J. Am. Plan. Assoc. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 019QI UT WOS:000235851400017 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL AF Yuan, Lester L. TI Theoretical predictions of observed to expected ratios in RIVPACS-type predictive model assessments of stream biological condition SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE predictive model; RIVPACS; AUSRIVAS; validation ID ECOSYSTEMS; INTEGRITY AB River InVertebrate Prediction And Classification System (RIVPACS)-type predictive models assess the biological conditions of streams by comparing observed assemblage composition (O) with an expected assemblage composition derived from reference site observations (E). The ratio of the 2 values (O/E) can be interpreted as a measure of taxonomic completeness. Values of O/E that are near 1 at a test site suggest that the site is comparable to reference sites, whereas values that differ substantially from 1 suggest that the site is degraded. I analyzed the computations involved in estimating E mathematically. The analysis reveals that many predictive models produce values of O/E that are systematically < 1, even when the models are applied to sites that have the same average assemblage composition as reference sites. The amount by which O/E values are < 1 depends upon the number of reference sites used to build the model, the manner in which these reference sites are distributed among discrete clusters, the distribution of estimated capture probabilities of the taxa in the reference sites, and the value used to screen the estimated capture probabilities for inclusion of taxa in the model. Based on this analysis, a theoretical adjustment to O/E values is proposed, and its application is demonstrated on a predictive model developed for the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)025[0841:TPOOTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 109JY UT WOS:000242305300008 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Parks, CG Schur, PS Fraser, PA AF Cooper, Glinda S. Parks, Christine G. Schur, Peter S. Fraser, Patricia A. TI Occupational and environmental associations with antinuclear antibodies in a general population sample SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; AUTOANTIBODIES; RISK; CONCORDANCE; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; SILICA; TWINS AB Antinuclear antibodies are a hallmark feature of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, and can occur many years before onset of symptoms. The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposures and high-titer antinuclear antibodies in the general population (i.e., people who do not have lupus or other systemic autoimmune diseases). Serum was collected from 266 population-based controls who had been frequency-matched to the age and gender distribution of lupus cases in a 60-county study area in the southeastern United States. A detailed occupational history was collected using a structured interview; information was also collected on hair dye use. Antinuclear antibodies were assayed using HEp-2 cells as substrate. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association between exposures and high-titer antinuclear antibody levels, adjusting for age, gender, and race. High-titer antinuclear antibodies (>= 1:160) were observed in 21 subjects (8%). A twofold increased prevalence of high-titer antinuclear antibodies was seen with some occupational exposures (silica dust, pesticides, and sunlight), although none of these individual estimates were statistically significant. The association seen with use of hair dyes was weaker (OR 1.4). There was a suggestion of a dose response with a combined measure based on the summation of exposures (ORs of 1.7, 2.1, and 5.9 for 1, 2, and >= d 3 exposures). These data suggest that occupational exposures may influence the expression of antinuclear antibodies. Larger studies addressing these exposures may provide insights into the mechanisms by which various environmental factors affect the development of autoantibodies and the progression to clinical disease. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Durham, NC USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Blood Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gscooper1@gmail.com OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10295, ES10457] NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 23 BP 2063 EP 2069 DI 10.1080/15287390600746165 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 097HV UT WOS:000241438900001 PM 17060093 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Ghio, C Bassett, M AF Ghio, Andrew J. Ghio, Christine Bassett, Maryann TI Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage after running a marathon SO LUNG LA English DT Article DE exercise; bronchoalveolar lavage; bronchoscopy; hemorrhage; human ID STRESS FAILURE; CAPILLARIES AB We report on a healthy 26-year-old male who had an exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) within 24 hours of running a marathon. There were no symptoms, abnormalities on exam, or radiographic infiltrates. He routinely participated in bronchoscopy research and the EIPH was evident on gross inspection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, examination of the cytospin, and measurement of hemoglobin, iron, and ferritin concentrations. EIPH in humans may occur without any evidence on clinical presentation; its incidence may be far greater than currently suspected. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd,Campus Box 7315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0341-2040 J9 LUNG JI Lung PD DEC PY 2006 VL 184 IS 6 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s00408-006-0023-2 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 111OU UT WOS:000242463600005 PM 17086462 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, DT Schaaper, RA Umbach, DA DeManni, DA AF Shaughnessy, Daniel T. Schaaper, Roel A. Umbach, David A. DeManni, David A. TI Inhibition of spontaneous mutagenesis by vanillin and cinnamaldehyde in Escherichia coli: Dependence on recombinational repair SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE antimutagens; DNA repair; recombination; vanillin; cinnamaldehyde ID CHINESE-HAMSTER-CELLS; SPONTANEOUS MUTATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRAND BREAKS; SOMATIC-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; V79 CELLS; LACI GENE; UV-LIGHT AB Vanillin (VAN) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are dietary antimultagens that effectively inhibit both induced and spontaneous mutations. We have shown previously that VAN and CIN reduced the spontaneous mutant frequency in Salmonella TA104 (hisG428, rfa, Delta uvrB, pKM101) by. approximately 50% and that both compounds significantly reduced mutations at GC sites but not at AT sites. Previous studies have suggested that VAN and CIN may reduce mutations in bacterial model systems by modulating DNA repair pathways, particularly by enhancing recombinational repair. To further explore the basis for inhibition of spontaneous mutation by VAN and CIN, we have determined the effects of these compounds on survival and mutant frequency in five Escherichia coli strains derived from the wild-type strain NR9102 with different DNA repair backgrounds. At nontoxic doses, both VAN and CIN significantly reduced mutant frequency in the wild-type strain NR9102, in the nucleotide excision repair-deficient strain NR1 1634 (uvrB), and in the recombination-proficient but SOS-deficient strain NR1 1475 (recA430). In contrast, in the recombination-deficient and SOS-deficient strain NR1 1317 (recA56), both VAN and CIN not only failed to inhibit the spontaneous mutant frequency but actually increased the mutant frequency. In the mismatch repair-defective strain NR9319 (mutL), only CIN was antimutagenic. Our results show that the antimutagenicity of VAN and CIN against spontaneous mutation required the RecA recombination function but was independent of the SOS and nucleotide excision repair pathways. Thus, we propose the counterintuitive notion that these antimutagens actually produce a type of DNA damage that elicits recombinational repair (but not mismatch, SOS, or nucleotide excision repair), which then repairs not only the damage induced by VAN and CIN but also other DNA damage-resulting in an antimutagenic effect on spontaneous mutation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeManni, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; PHS HHS [TAXP012655] NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 602 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.08.006 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 112XX UT WOS:000242562400007 PM 16999979 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, Christopher J. TI Role of environmental heat and cold stress on the physiological response to organop hosphates and other toxicants. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR C1 Neurotoxilcol Div, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1153 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300040 ER PT J AU Geller, AM AF Geller, Andrew M. TI Aging and environmental health: EPA's plan for exposure-dose-response research. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1158 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300055 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Coburn, CG Farmer, JD Jarema, KA MacPhail, RC McDaniel, KL Phillips, PM Kodavanti, P AF Moser, V. C. Coburn, C. G. Farmer, J. D. Jarema, K. A. MacPhail, R. C. McDaniel, K. L. Phillips, P. M. Kodavanti, P. R. S. TI Neurobehavioral assessment using a functional observational battery and motor activity in rats perinatally exposed to DE-71. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR DE PBDE; motor activity; developmental C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEER, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1166 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300077 ER PT J AU Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Avery, CL Mosher, MJ Couper, DJ Coresh, J Folsom, AR Boerwinkle, E Heiss, G Zeldin, DC AF Lee, Craig R. North, Kari E. Bray, Molly S. Avery, Christy L. Mosher, Mary Jane Couper, David J. Coresh, Josef Folsom, Aaron R. Boerwinkle, Eric Heiss, Gerardo Zeldin, Darryl C. TI NOS3 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular disease risk: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study SO PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE coronary artery disease; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; polymorphism; smoking; stroke ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; COHORT; GENE; MICE AB Objective Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) activity and cigarette smoking significantly influence endothelial function. We sought to determine whether cigarette smoking modified the association between NOS3 polymorphisms and risk of coronary heart disease or stroke. Methods All 1085 incident coronary heart disease cases, all 300 incident ischemic stroke cases, and 1065 reference individuals from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities. study were genotyped for the T-786C and E298D polymorphisms in NOS3. Using a case-cohort design, associations between genotype/haplotype and disease risk were evaluated by multivariable proportional hazards regression. Multiplicative scale interaction testing evaluated the influence of cigarette smoking history at baseline on these associations. Results In Caucasians, association between E298D genotype and risk of coronary heart disease was significantly modified by current smoking status (interaction P=0.013), with the highest risk observed in smokers carrying the variant D298 allele relative to nonsmokers carrying two E298 alleles (adjusted hazard rate ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.39-3.07). In African-Americans, association between T-786C genotype and risk of ischemic stroke was significantly modified by pack-year smoking history (interaction P=0.037), with the highest risk observed in >= 20 pack-year smokers carrying the variant C-786 allele relative to < 20 pack-year smokers carrying two T-786 alleles (adjusted hazard rate ratio 4.03, 95% confidence interval 1.54-10.6). Conclusions An interaction between the E298D and T-786C polymorphisms in NOS3, cigarette smoking, and risk of incident coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke events appears to exist, suggesting a potential complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors and cardiovascular disease risk. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Intramural Res, Natl Inst Hlth, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13]; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01HC55020, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55021, HL 074377, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55022, N01HC55015, N01HC55018, N01HC55021, R01 HL074377, HL073366, N01-HC-55020, N01HC55022, R01 HL073366, N01HC55019, N01HC55016]; NIEHS NIH HHS [F32 ES012856-01, ES012856, F32 ES012856, F32 ES012856-02, F32 ES012856-03] NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1744-6872 J9 PHARMACOGENET GENOM JI Pharmacogenet. Genomics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 12 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1097/01.fpc.0000236324.96056.16 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 115KZ UT WOS:000242734500006 PM 17108813 ER PT J AU Belefski, M Thurmaier, K AF Belefski, Mary Thurmaier, Kurt TI Collaboration at the US environmental protection agency: An interview with two senior managers SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Belefski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 66 SU S BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00675.x PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 110BH UT WOS:000242352800016 ER PT J AU Collard, E AF Collard, Erin TI Collaboration to address the asthma problem among Native Americans SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Collard, E (reprint author), US EPA, Denver, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 66 SU S BP 157 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00684.x PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 110BH UT WOS:000242352800025 ER PT J AU Slimak, MW Dietz, T AF Slimak, Michael W. Dietz, Thomas TI Personal values, beliefs, and ecological risk perception SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE beliefs; ecological risk; new ecological paradigm; personal values; risk perception ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; LAY JUDGMENTS; INTUITIVE TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICAL RISKS; EXPERT; PARADIGM; CHRISTIANITY; PERSPECTIVE; POLITICS; BEHAVIOR AB A mail survey on ecological risk perception was administered in the summer of 2002 to a randomized sample of the lay public and to selected risk professionals at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The ranking of 24 ecological risk items, from global climate change to commercial fishing, reveals that the lay public is more concerned about low-probability, high-consequence risks whereas the risk professionals are more concerned about risks that pose long-term, ecosystem-level impacts. To test the explanatory power of the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory for risk perception, respondents were questioned about their personal values, spiritual beliefs, and worldviews. The most consistent predictors of the risk rankings are belief in the new ecological paradigm (NEP) and Schwartz's altruism. The NEP and Schwartz's altruism explain from 19% to 46% of the variance in the risk rankings. Religious beliefs account for less than 6% of the variance and do not show a consistent pattern in predicting risk perception although religious fundamentalists are generally less concerned about the risk items. While not exerting as strong an impact, social-structural variables do have some influence on risk perception. Ethnicities show no effect on the risk scales but the more educated and financially well-off are less concerned about the risk items. Political leanings have no direct influence on risk rankings, but indirectly affect rankings through the NEP. These results reveal that the VBN theory is a plausible explanation for the differences measured in the respondents' perception of ecological risk. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Slimak, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave MC 8601-N, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM slimak.michael@epa.gov NR 53 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 12 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1689 EP 1705 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00832.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200023 PM 17184406 ER PT J AU Fernald, AG Landers, DH Wigington, PJ AF Fernald, Alexander G. Landers, Dixon H. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. TI Water quality changes in hyporheic flow paths between a large gravel bed river and off-channel alcoves in Oregon, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Willamette River; hyporheic flow; water quality; river alcove habitat; temperatures nitrate; phosphorus; specific conductance ID SURFACE-WATER; TRANSIENT STORAGE; WILLAMETTE RIVER; SPAWNING STREAM; GROUND-WATER; ZONE; EXCHANGE; DYNAMICS; DENITRIFICATION; SALMON AB Changes in water quality that occur as water flows along hyporheic flow paths may have important effects on surface water quality and aquatic habitat, yet very few studies have examined these hyporheic processes along large gravel bed rivers. To determine water quality changes associated with hyporheic flow along the Willamette River, Oregon, we studied hyporheic flow at six-bar deposit sites positioned between the main river channel and connected lentic alcoves. We installed piezometers and wells at each site and measured water levels and water quality in river, hyporheic and alcove water. Piezometric surfaces along with substrate characteristics were used to determine hyporheic flow path direction and hyporheic flow rate. At all sites, hyporheic flow moved from the river through bar deposits into alcove surface water. Stable isotope analysis showed little influence of upwelling groundwater. At a majority of sites, hyporheic dissolved oxygen and ammonium decreased relative to river water, and hyporheic specific conductance, nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorous increased relative to river water. At three sites, hyporheic temperature decreased 3-7 degrees C relative to river water; there was less temperature change at the other three sites. At the two sites with the highest hyporheic flow rates, hyporheic cooling was propagated into the alcove surface water. Hyporheic changes had the greatest effect on alcove water quality at sites with highly permeable substrates and high-hyporheic flow rates. The best approach to enhancing hyporheic flows and associated water quality functions is through restoring fluviogeomorphic channel processes that create and maintain high-permeability gravel deposits conducive to hyporheic flow. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, NHEERL WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Fernald, AG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, POB 30003,MSC 3-1, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fernald@nmsu.edu NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1124 DI 10.1002/rra.961 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 118BY UT WOS:000242918200004 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW He, XC Tong, WG Johnson, T Wiedemann, LM Mishina, Y Feng, JQ Li, LH AF Zhang, Jiwang He, Xi C. Tong, Wei-Gang Johnson, Teri Wiedemann, Leanne M. Mishina, Yuji Feng, Jian Q. Li, Linheng TI Bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibits hair follicle anagen induction by restricting epithelial stem/progenitor cell activation and expansion SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Article DE hair follicle; stem cells; BMP; beta-catenin; Wnt; PTEN; Akt ID FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE; MULTIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; LABEL-RETAINING CELLS; BETA-CATENIN; MESENCHYMAL INTERACTIONS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; MOUSE EPIDERMIS; GROWTH-PHASE; SELF-RENEWAL AB Epithelial stem cells (EP-SCs) located in the bulge region of a hair follicle (HF) have the potential to give rise to hair follicle stem/progenitor cells that migrate down to regenerate HFs. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to regulate the HF cycle by inhibiting anagen induction. Here we show that active BMP signaling functions to prevent EP-SC activation and expansion. Dynamic expression of Noggin, a BMP antagonist, releases EP-SCs from BMP-mediated restriction, leading to EP-SC activation and initiation of the anagen phase. Experimentally induced conditional inactivation of the BMP type IA receptor ( Bmpr1a) in EP-SCs leads to overproduction of HF stem/ progenitor cells and the eventual formation of matricomas. This genetic manipulation of the BMP signaling pathway also reveals unexpected activation of beta-catenin, a major mediator of Wnt signaling. We propose that BMP activity controls the HF cycle by antagonizing Wnt/beta-catenin activity. This is at least partially achieved by BMP- mediated enhancement of transforming growth factor-beta-regulated epithelial cell-specific phosphatase ( PTEN) function. Subsequently, PTEN, through phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase-Akt, inhibits the activity of beta-catenin, the convergence point of the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. C1 Stowers Inst Med Res, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Li, LH (reprint author), Stowers Inst Med Res, 1000 E 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM lil@stowers-institute.org NR 70 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 15 PU ALPHAMED PRESS PI DURHAM PA 318 BLACKWELL ST, STE 260, DURHAM, NC 27701-2884 USA SN 1066-5099 J9 STEM CELLS JI Stem Cells PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2826 EP 2839 DI 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0544 PG 14 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Hematology GA 114WL UT WOS:000242696200024 PM 16960130 ER PT J AU Sierszen, ME Peterson, GS Trebitz, AS Brazner, JC West, CW AF Sierszen, Michael E. Peterson, Gregory S. Trebitz, Anett S. Brazner, John C. West, Corlis W. TI Hydrology and nutrient effects on food-web structure in ten lake superior coastal wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE coastal wetlands; food webs; stable isotopes; hydrology; nutrients ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; CARBON ISOTOPES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; ZOOPLANKTON; DELTA-C-13; BIOMASS; MACROPHYTES; PERIPHYTON AB We examined the effects of hydrology and nutrients on the food webs of ten coastal wetlands on Lake Superior, using published stable isotope food web data for three wetlands and original data from seven additional systems in order to span regional hydrologic and nutrient enrichment gradients. We used a dual-source isotope mixing model to estimate the proportion of carbon in fish that originated from planktonic versus periphytic invertebrates, and we related carbon source to 1) nutrient enrichment, 2) hydraulic residence time, and 3) an index of nutrient loading that incorporates residence time and nutrient concentrations. There was no relationship between nutrient enrichment and the proportion of planktonic versus periphytic C in fish. Proportion of planktonic C in fish increased significantly with hydraulic residence time (F = 5.68, R-2 = 0.42, p = 0.044). Riverine wetlands generally had lowest proportions of planktonic C in fish, dendritic wetlands were intermediate, and lagoon wetlands had highest proportions. A regression between the loading index and planktonic C in fish was an improvement over the residence time regression (F = 11.7, R-2 = 0.59, p = 0.009). We conclude that coastal wetland food webs are strongly affected by hydrology and further by nutrient enrichment. This work has implications for the development of food web-based ecological indicators of nutrient enrichment and the use of hydrology as a classification factor in the prediction of nutrient effects on food webs. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sierszen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM sierszen.michael@epa.gov NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 951 EP 964 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[951:HANEOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124LT UT WOS:000243370000006 ER PT J AU Betowski, LD Enlow, M Riddick, L Aue, DH AF Betowski, Leon D. Enlow, Mark Riddick, Lee Aue, Donald H. TI Calculation of electron affinities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and solvation energies of their radical anion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOTODETACHMENT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; ION RESONANCE STATES; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; GAS-PHASE; REDUCTION POTENTIALS; TRANSFER EQUILIBRIA; POLAROGRAPHIC-REDUCTION AB Electron affinities ( EAs) and free energies for electron attachment ( Delta G degrees(a,298K)) have been directly calculated for 45 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) and related molecules by a variety of theoretical methods, with standard regression errors of about 0.07 eV ( mean unsigned error = 0.05 eV) at the B3LYP/6-31+ G( d, p) level and larger errors with HF or MP2 methods or using Koopmans' Theorem. Comparison of gas-phase free energies with solution-phase reduction potentials provides a measure of solvation energy differences between the radical anion and neutral PAH. A simple Born-charging model approximates the solvation effects on the radical anions, leading to a good correlation with experimental solvation energy differences. This is used to estimate unknown or questionable EAs from reduction potentials. Two independent methods are used to predict Delta G degrees(a,298K) values: ( 1) based upon DFT methods, or ( 2) based upon reduction potentials and the Born model. They suggest reassignments or a resolution of conflicting experimental EAs for nearly one-half ( 17 of 38) of the PAH molecules for which experimental EAs have been reported. For the antiaromatic molecules, 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylpentalene and the dithia-substituted cyclobutadiene 1, the reduction potentials lead to estimated EAs close to those expected from DFT calculations and provide a basis for the prediction of the EAs and reduction potentials of pentalene and cyclobutadiene. The Born model has been used to relate the electrostatic solvation energies of PAH and hydrocarbon radical anions, and spherical halide anions, alkali metal cations, and ammonium ions to effective ionic radii from DFT electron-density envelopes. The Born model used for PAHs has been successfully extended here to quantitatively explain the solvation energy of the C-60 radical anion. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Betowski, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM betowski.don@epamail.epa.gov; aue@chem.ucsb.edu NR 180 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 47 BP 12927 EP 12946 DI 10.1021/jp065785v PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 109HM UT WOS:000242298800028 PM 17125310 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Knight, JF Ediriwickrema, J Lyon, JG Worthy, LD AF Lunetta, Ross S. Knight, Joseph F. Ediriwickrema, Jayantha Lyon, John G. Worthy, L. Dorsey TI Land-cover change detection using multi-temporal MODIS NDVI data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land cover; change detection; multi-temporal imagery; accuracy assessment ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE DATA; VEGETATION; PHENOLOGY; IMPACTS; IMAGERY AB Monitoring the locations and distributions of land-cover changes is important for establishing links between policy decisions, regulatory actions and subsequent land-use activities. Past studies incorporating two-date change detection using Landsat data have tended to be performance limited for applications in biologically complex systems. This study explored the use of 250 in multi-temporal MODIS NDVI 16-day composite data to provide an automated change detection and alarm capability on a 1 year time-step for the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary System (APES) region of the US. Detection accuracy was assessed for 2002 at 88%, with a reasonable balance between change commission errors (21.9%), change omission errors (27.5%), and Kappa coefficient of 0.67. Annual change detection rates across the APES over the study period (20022005) were estimated at 0.7% per annum and varied from 0.4% (2003) to 0.9% (2004). Regional variations were also readily apparent ranging from 1.6% to 0.1% per annum for the tidal water and mountain ecological zones, respectfully. This research included the application of an automated protocol to first filter the MODIS NDVI data to remove poor (corrupted) data values and then estimate the missing data values using a discrete Fourier transformation technique to provide high-quality uninterrupted data to support the change detection analysis. The methods and results detailed in this article apply only to non-agricultural areas. Additional limitations attributed to the coarse resolution of the NDVI data included the overestimation of change area that necessitated the application of a change area correction factor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov NR 38 TC 264 Z9 298 U1 23 U2 136 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 105 IS 2 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.018 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 108HA UT WOS:000242229700005 ER PT J AU Brewer, BY Ballin, JD Fialcowitz-White, EJ Blackshear, PJ Wilson, GM AF Brewer, Brandy Y. Ballin, Jeff D. Fialcowitz-White, Elizabeth J. Blackshear, Perry J. Wilson, Gerald M. TI Substrate dependence of conformational changes in the RNA-binding domain of tristetraprolin assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy of tryptophan mutants SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AU-RICH ELEMENTS; CONTAINING MESSENGER-RNAS; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DECAY PATHWAY; DEADENYLATION; DEGRADATION; ANISOTROPY; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION AB Association of tristetraprolin ( TTP) with mRNAs containing selected AU-rich mRNA-destabilizing elements ( AREs) initiates rapid cytoplasmic degradation of these transcripts. The RNA-binding activity of TTP is mediated by an internal tandem zinc finger domain that preferentially recognizes U-rich RNA ligands containing adjacent UUAU half-sites and is accompanied by conformational changes within the peptide. Here, we have used analogues of the TTP RNA-binding domain containing specific tryptophan substitutions to probe the Zn2+ and RNA substrate dependence of conformational events within individual zinc fingers. Fluorescence methods demonstrate that the N-terminal, but not C-terminal, zinc finger domain adopts a stably folded conformation in the presence of Zn2+. Denaturant titrations suggest that both the N- and C-terminal zinc fingers exhibit limited structural heterogeneity in the absence of RNA substrates, although this is more pronounced for the C-terminal finger. Binding to a cognate ARE substrate induced significant conformational changes within each zinc finger, which also included increased resistance to chemical denaturation. Studies with mutant ARE ligands revealed that a single UUAU half-site was sufficient to induce structural modulation of the N- terminal finger. However, RNA-dependent folding of the C-terminal zinc finger was only observed in the presence of tandem UUAU half-sites, suggesting that the conformation of this domain is linked not only to RNA substrate recognition but also to the ligand occupancy and/or conformational status of the N- terminal finger. Coupled with previous structural and thermodynamic analyses, these data provide a mechanistic framework for discrimination of RNA substrates involving ligand-dependent conformational adaptation of both zinc fingers within the TTP RNA-binding domain. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Clin Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilson, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM gwils001@umaryland.edu RI Ballin, Jeff/D-3752-2011 OI Ballin, Jeff/0000-0002-2712-130X FU NCI NIH HHS [R56 CA102428, CA102428, R01 CA102428] NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 46 BP 13807 EP 13817 DI 10.1021/bi061320j PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 105HN UT WOS:000242021100013 PM 17105199 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Sundaree, MS Patel, G Rao, VS Varma, RS AF Kumar, Dalip Sundaree, M. Swapna Patel, Gautam Rao, V. S. Varma, Rajender S. TI Solvent-free facile synthesis of novel alpha-tosyloxy beta-keto sulfones using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alpha-tosyloxy beta-keto sulfones; beta-keto sulfones; solvent-free synthesis; [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene ID ORGANIC SYNTHESES; IODINE COMPOUNDS; ACETYLENES; KETOSULFONES; SULFOXIDES; CHEMISTRY; MESYLATES; STRATEGY; CATIONS AB A facile, general and high yielding protocol for the synthesis of novel alpha-tosyloxy beta-keto sulfones is described utilizing relatively non-toxic, [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene, under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Chem Grp, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dalipk@bits-pilani.ac.in; varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 47 BP 8239 EP 8241 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.107 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 103TS UT WOS:000241910200010 ER PT J AU Li, YT George, JE McCarty, CL Wendelken, SC AF Li, Yongtao George, John E. McCarty, Christina L. Wendelken, Steven C. TI Compliance analysis of phenylurea and related compounds in drinking water by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry coupled with solid-phase extraction SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE water analysis; phenylurea compounds; liquid chromatography; electrospray ionization; mass spectrometry; solid-phase extraction ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS ANALYSIS; SURFACE-WATER; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; UV DETECTION; CONFIRMATION; GROUNDWATER; LC/MS AB A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry method was reported for the compliance analysis of seven phenylurea compounds and two related herbicides (tebuthiuron and propanil) in drinking water. The volumes of the sample and final extract used in the method were 500 mL and 10 mL, respectively. The obtained method detection limits were less than 0.03 mu g/L, and the mean recoveries were 74-128% with a relative standard deviation of 2.6-8.3% for all the studied compounds. The peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratios ranged from 3.3 for cis-siduron to 34.2 for fluometuron. The accuracy and precision resulting from reagent and drinking water samples fortified at higher concentration levels were similar to these results. Several analytes were detected in the drinking water samples, including tebuthiuron at 0.5 mu g/L, propanil at 0.7 mu g/L, diuron at 0.1-2.1 mu g/L, and linuron at 0.1-0.8 mu g/L. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Underwriters Labs Inc, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. Varian Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, YT (reprint author), Underwriters Labs Inc, 110 S Hill St, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. EM Yongtao.Li@us.ul.com NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 1134 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.081 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 105VC UT WOS:000242059400021 PM 16997312 ER PT J AU Arepally, GM Qi, R Hollingsworth, J Suvarna, S AF Arepally, Gowthami M. Qi, Rui Hollingsworth, John Suvarna, Shayela TI Determinants of PF4/heparin immunogenicity in a murine model of HIT. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 09-12, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Dis Med, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 11 MA 96 BP 32A EP 33A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 111GS UT WOS:000242440000097 ER EF