FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Olson, DA Burke, JM AF Olson, DA Burke, JM TI Distributions of PM2.5 source strengths for cooking from the research triangle park particulate matter panel study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR PARTICLE SOURCES; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; IONIC SUBSTANCES; FINE PARTICLES; LUNG-FUNCTION; OUTDOOR; TIME AB Emission rates, decay rates, and cooking durations are reported from continuous PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m) concentrations measured using personal DataRam nephelometers (1-min time resolution) from the Research Triangle Park (RTP) PM panel study. The study (n = 37 participants) included monitoring for 7 consecutive days in each of four consecutive seasons (summer 2000 through spring 2001). Cooking episodes (n = 411) were selected using time-activity diaries and criteria for cooking event duration, peak concentration level, and decay curve quality. Averaged across all cooking events, mean source strengths were 36 mg/min (median = 12 mg/min), mean decay rates were 0.27 h(-1)(0.17 h(-1)), and mean cooking durations were 11 min (7 min). Cooking events were further separated into one of seven categories representing cooking method: burned food (oven cooking, toaster, or stovetop cooking), grilling, microwave, toaster oven, frying, oven cooking, and stovetop cooking. The highest mean source strengths were identified from burned food (mean = 470 mg/min), grilling (173 mg/min), and frying (60 mg/ min); differences between both burned food and grilling compared with all remaining cooking methods were statistically significant. Source strengths, decay rates, and cooking durations were also compared by season and typical meal times (8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m.); differences were generally not statistically significant for these cases. Mean source strengths using electric appliances were typically a factor of 2 greater than those using gas appliances for identical cooking methods (frying, oven cooking, or stovetop cooking), although in all cases the difference was not statistically significant. Distributions of source strengths and decay rates for cooking events were also compared among study subjects to assess both within- and between-subject variability. Each subject's distribution of source strengths during the study tended to be either lower than the overall study average (and with lower variability) or higher than the overall study average (and with higher variability). No relationships could be found between source strength and either subject characteristics (age, gender, employment status) or home characteristic (daily air exchange rate). The large number of cooking events and the broad range of cooking activities included in this analysis makes the reported distributions of PM2.5 source strengths useful for probabilistic exposure modeling even though the study population was limited. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1021/es050359t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999WJ UT WOS:000234421400031 PM 16433347 ER PT J AU Winslow, SD Pepich, BV Martin, JJ Hallberg, GR Munch, DJ Frebis, CP Hedrick, EJ Krop, RA AF Winslow, SD Pepich, BV Martin, JJ Hallberg, GR Munch, DJ Frebis, CP Hedrick, EJ Krop, RA TI Statistical procedures for determination and verification of minimum reporting levels for drinking water methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFICATION; LIMITS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water has developed a single-laboratory quantitation procedure: the lowest concentration minimum reporting level (LCMRL). The LCMRL is the lowest true concentration for which future recovery is predicted to fall, with high confidence (99%), between 50% and 150%. The procedure takes into account precision and accuracy. Multiple concentration replicates are processed through the entire analytical method and the data are plotted as measured sample concentration (y-axis) versus true concentration (x-axis). If the data support an assumption of constant variance over the concentration range, an ordinary least-squares regression line is drawn; otherwise, a variance-weighted least-squares regression is used. Prediction interval lines of 99% confidence are drawn about the regression. At the points where the prediction interval lines intersect with data quality objective lines of 50% and 150% recovery, lines are dropped to the x-axis. The higher of the two values is the LCMRL. The LCMRL procedure is flexible because the data quality objectives (50-150%) and the prediction interval confidence (99%) can be varied to suit program needs. The LCMRL determination is performed during method development only. A simpler procedure for verification of data quality objectives at a given minimum reporting level (MRL) is also presented. The verification procedure requires a single set of seven samples taken through the entire method procedure. If the calculated prediction interval is contained within data quality recovery limits (50-150%), the laboratory performance at the MRL is verified. C1 Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Cadmus Grp Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Cadmus Grp Inc, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. RP Winslow, SD (reprint author), Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM winslow.stephen@epa.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1021/es051069f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999WJ UT WOS:000234421400046 PM 16433362 ER PT S AU Yeh, S Small, M AF Yeh, S Small, M BE Morel, B Linkov, I TI Statistical models for distributions of ambient fine particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Role of Risk Assessment in Environmental Security and Emergency Preparedness in the Mediterranean Region CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Elat, ISRAEL SP NATO, Isrotel ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; EMISSIONS CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; OZONE; APPORTIONMENT; EVOLUTION; SULFATE AB This study evaluates the usefulness of structured non-linear regression models for the prediction of annual ambient fine particulate matter (FPM) concentration distributions. The method developed in this study provides a way to examine and display results for the yearly distribution of FPM when testing emissions control strategy performance. The models are developed using three daily gaseous pollutant concentrations (oxides of nitrogen (NO,), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and total hydrocarbons (THC)) and four meteorological measures (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation) as explanatory variables. The models are fitted using data from the North Long Beach, Rubidoux (Riverside) and Azusa stations in Los Angeles County and Riverside County, CA for a recent 7-year period (1988-1994). The statistical model is tested for the year 1995 based on precursor concentrations and meteorological conditions in that year, and found to provide reasonably good prediction, though the annual average FPM concentration is overestimated by an average of 26 percent across the three stations. The response surfaces Of PM2.5 concentrations with respect to all input variables are plotted, and the predicted changes in daily, annual average and annual 98th percentile base-year (1995) PM2.5 concentrations are predicted for different precursor reductions. The predicted effects of precursor reductions are further explored by comparing predicted and observed FPM concentrations for 1999 (though the absence of THC data for this year restricts this comparison to plausible ranges). The method developed in this study provides a way to examine and display results for the predicted concentration distributions when evaluating emission control strategy performance. The potential usefulness and limitations of a statistical model of this type are discussed. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. OI Yeh, Sonia/0000-0002-4852-1177 FU Center for Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change; National Science Foundation [SBR-9521914]; Carnegie Mellon University; Vira Heinz Endowment through the H. John Heinz III Professorship of EnvironmentalEngineering FX The authors thank Professors Luis Cifuentes, Benoit Morel,SpyrosPandis, and ananonymous reviewer for their helpful comments to significantly improve the quality ofthe manuscript. This research was made possible through support from the Center for Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change. This Center has been created through a cooperative agreement between the National Science Foundation (SBR-9521914) and Carnegie Mellon University. Support was also provided by theVira Heinz Endowment through the H. John Heinz III Professorship of EnvironmentalEngineering. Views or opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors aloneand do not represent those of their organizations or the sponsors of this work. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3891-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2006 VL 5 BP 127 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; International Relations; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Water Resources GA BDW71 UT WOS:000235869500010 ER PT J AU Boczek, LA Johnson, CH Rice, EW Kinkle, BK AF Boczek, LA Johnson, CH Rice, EW Kinkle, BK TI The widespread occurrence of the enterohemolysin gene ehlyA among environmental strains of Escherichia coli SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; environmental isolates; enterohemolysin ID PREVALENCE; PHYLOGENY; VIRULENCE; O157-H7; SEWAGE; ASSAY; BEEF; VTEC; PCR AB The putative virulence factor enterohemolysin, encoded by the ehlyA gene, has been closely associated with the pathogenic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) group. Escherichia coli isolates from effluents from seven geographically dispersed municipal wastewater treatment plants were screened for the presence of enterohemolysin. A total of 338 E. coli isolates were found to express the ehlyA gene. However, none of the isolates contained the toxin-encoding genes (stxA or stxB) associated with EHEC. Two of the 338 isolates possessed the virulence factor intimin, encoded by the eae gene. These findings suggest that the ehlyA gene may be widely distributed among non-EHEC isolates in the environment. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Boczek, LA (reprint author), 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM boczek.laura@epa.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 254 IS 2 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00035.x PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 003IG UT WOS:000234674600015 PM 16445757 ER PT J AU Hershey, AE Beaty, S Fortino, K Keyse, M Mou, PP O'Brien, WJ Ulseth, AJ Gettel, GA Lienesch, PW Luecke, C McDonald, ME Mayer, CH Miller, MC Richards, C Schuldt, JA Whalen, SC AF Hershey, AE Beaty, S Fortino, K Keyse, M Mou, PP O'Brien, WJ Ulseth, AJ Gettel, GA Lienesch, PW Luecke, C McDonald, ME Mayer, CH Miller, MC Richards, C Schuldt, JA Whalen, SC TI Effect of landscape factors on fish distribution in arctic Alaskan lakes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arctic fish; classification and regression tree analyses; extinction versus colonisation; landscape factors; stream piracy ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SPECIES TRAITS; SLIMY SCULPIN; TROUT; PREDATION; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES AB 1. The distribution of species is affected by many factors operating at a variety of temporal and spatial scales in a heterogeneous landscape. In lakes, fish communities are dynamic, influenced by landscape-level factors that control colonisation and extinction. 2. We used classification and regression tree (CART) analyses to quantify the importance of landscape-level factors in determining the distribution of fish species in 168 arctic Alaskan lakes. Factors including lake size, depth, outflow gradient, distance to other lakes, lake order, altitude, river drainage and age of glacial surface were analysed. These factors could affect either access of fish to a lake (colonisation variables), or their survival in a lake that already had been colonised (extinction variables). 3. The presence of a species was predicted accurately in 78.4% +/- 10.5% (mean +/- SD) of cases, and absence in 75.0% +/- 6.1% of cases. The relative importance of extinction versus colonisation variables varied with species. Extinction variables were most important for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), a mixture of extinction and colonisation variables was important for arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), and colonisation variables were most important for arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum). 4. Ecological differences among species account for much of the difference in relative importance of colonisation versus extinction variables. In addition, stream piracy events have occurred over geologic time scales, which have resulted in lakes that are currently inaccessible but support relict fish populations. 5. Climate warming, currently occurring in the arctic, is likely to alter further the stream network, which could have dramatic effects on fish distributions by affecting access to isolated lakes or isolating lakes that are currently accessible. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Superior, WI USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hershey, AE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM aehershe@uncg.edu RI Luecke, Chris/A-2040-2011; Gettel, Gretchen/M-8983-2013 OI Gettel, Gretchen/0000-0002-9288-1583 NR 61 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01474.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 991SQ UT WOS:000233834400004 ER PT J AU Knight, JF Lunetta, RS Ediriwickrema, J Khorrarn, S AF Knight, Joseph F. Lunetta, Ross S. Ediriwickrema, Jayantha Khorrarn, Siamak TI Regional scale land cover characterization using MODIS-NDVI 250 m multi-temporal imagery: A phenology-based approach SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; VEGETATION; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS; DATABASE; IMPACTS; AVIRIS AB Currently available land cover data sets for large geographic regions are produced on an intermittent basis and are often dated. Ideally, annually updated data would be available to support environmental status and trends assessments and ecosystem process modeling. This research examined the potential for vegetation phenology-based land cover classification over the 52,000 km(2) Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system (APES) that could be performed annually. Traditional hyperspectral image classification techniques were applied using MODIS-NDVI 250 m 16-day composite data over calendar year 2001 to support the multi-temporal image analysis approach. A reference database was developed using archival aerial photography that provided detailed mixed pixel cover-type data for 3 1,322 sampling sites corresponding to MODIS 250 m pixels. Accuracy estimates for the classification indicated that the overall accuracy of the classification ranged from 73% for very heterogeneous pixels to 89% when only homogeneous pixels were examined. These accuracies are comparable to similar classifications using much higher spatial resolution data, which indicates that there is significant value added to relatively coarse resolution data though the addition of multi-temporal observations. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposurre Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Earth Observ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Knight, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposurre Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM knight.joe@epa.gov NR 32 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 23 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.43.1.1 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 132HW UT WOS:000243934900001 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Catricala, CE Hoyman, TL Nowak, RS AF Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Tingey, DT Catricala, CE Hoyman, TL Nowak, RS TI Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: a FACE study SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE belowground standing crop; CO2; desert; FACE; fine roots; mortality; production; turn over ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MINIRHIZOTRON INSTALLATION; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; ENRICHMENT FACE; NEVADA DESERT; SOIL CARBON; RESPONSES; SHRUBS; GROWTH AB Fine roots (<= 1 mm diameter) are critical in plant water and nutrient absorption, and it is important to understand how rising atmospheric CO2 will affect them as part of terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. This study's objective was to determine the effects of elevated CO2 on production, mortality, and standing crops of fine root length over 2 years in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada, USA. Three replicate 25 m diameter FACE rings were maintained at ambient (similar to 370 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated CO2 (similar to 550 mu mol mol(-1)) atmospheric concentrations. Twenty-eight minirhizotron tubes were placed in each ring to sample three microsite locations: evergreen Larrea shrubs, drought-deciduous Ambrosia shrubs, and along systematic community transects (primarily in shrub interspaces which account for similar to 85% of the area). Seasonal dynamics were similar for ambient and elevated CO2: fine root production peaked in April-June, with peak standing crop occurring about 1 month later, and peak mortality occurring during the hot summer months, with higher values for all three measures in a wet year compared with a dry year. Fine root standing crop, production, and mortality were not significantly different between treatments except standing crop along community transects, where fine root length was significantly lower in elevated CO2. Fine root turnover (annual cumulative mortality/mean standing crop) ranged from 2.33 to 3.17 year(-1), and was not significantly different among CO2 treatments, except for community transect tubes where it was significantly lower for elevated CO2. There were no differences in fine root responses to CO2 between evergreen (Larrea) and drought-deciduous (Ambrosia) shrubs. Combined with observations of increased leaf-level water-use efficiency and lack of soil moisture differences, these results suggest that under elevated CO2 conditions, reduced root systems (compared with ambient CO2) appear sufficient to provide resources for modest aboveground production increases across the community, but in more fertile shrub microsites, fine root systems of comparable size with those in ambient CO2 were required to support the greater aboveground production increases. For community transects, development of the difference in fine root standing crops occurred primarily through lower stimulation of fine root production in the elevated CO2 treatment during periods of high water availability. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Dynamac Int Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 62 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001IU UT WOS:000234527600006 ER PT J AU Jachuck, RJJ Selvaraj, DK Varma, RS AF Jachuck, RJJ Selvaraj, DK Varma, RS TI Process intensification: oxidation of benzyl alcohol using a continuous isothermal reactor under microwave irradiation SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; OVENS AB In the past two decades, several investigations have been carried out using microwave radiation for performing chemical transformations. These transformations have been largely performed in conventional batch reactors with limited mixing and heat transfer capabilities. The reactions were performed under adiabatic conditions where the enhancements in the reaction rate reported in these publications may be due to the rapid increase in the reaction temperature during the course of the reaction. The concept of process intensification has been used to develop a narrow channel reactor that is capable of carrying out reactions under isothermal conditions while being exposed to microwave irradiation. Oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde has been carried out using the above-mentioned isothermal micro reactor. Results and the findings of this investigation are discussed in this paper. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, PICT Grp, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Jachuck, RJJ (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, PICT Grp, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM rjachuck@clarkson.edu RI Selvaraj, Dinesh/E-1897-2013 NR 15 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1039/b512732g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005DF UT WOS:000234802100010 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Green and controlled synthesis of gold and platinum nanomaterials using vitamin B-2: density-assisted self-assembly of nanospheres, wires and rods SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CONTROLLED GROWTH; DIFFERENT SHAPES; NANORODS; NANOSTRUCTURES; BIOSYNTHESIS; NANOCRYSTALS; INTERFACE; NANOWIRES; CHEMISTRY AB For the first time, we report efficient density-assisted self-assembly synthesis of gold and platinum nanospheres, nano-wires and nanorods using vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) at room temperature without employing any special capping or dispersing agent; this environmentally benign and general approach affords a facile entry to production of shape-selective Au and Pt noble nanostructures, which can be extended to silver and palladium nanostructures. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 26 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 516 EP 518 DI 10.1039/b601271j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049WP UT WOS:000238048700004 ER PT J AU Thurston, HW AF Thurston, Hale W. BE Alberini, A Kahn, JR TI Non-market valuation on the internet SO HANDBOOK ON CONTINGENT VALUATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEB SURVEYS; SAMPLES C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thurston, HW (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84064-208-7 PY 2006 BP 265 EP 291 PG 27 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZF44 UT WOS:000301359700012 ER PT J AU Dugan, NR Williams, DJ AF Dugan, NR Williams, DJ TI Cyanobacteria passage through drinking water filters during perturbation episodes as a function of cell morphology, coagulant and initial filter loading rate SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; drinking water treatment; filtration ID ALGAE AB Eight pilot-scale in-line filtration trials were performed to evaluate the passage of cyanobacterial cells through drinking water filters after sudden increases in hydraulic loading rates. Trials were performed at 30 degrees C using two coagulant combinations (aluminum sulfate and cationic polymer or ferric chloride and cationic polymer), two initial filter loading rates (7 or 10 m/h) and two species of morphologically different cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa or Anabaena flos aquae). The filter was perturbed by instantaneously increasing the hydraulic loading rate by 50%. Filter influent and effluent water qualities were characterized by measuring turbidity, particles and chlorophyll a. The observed post-perturbation filter effluent chlorophyll a peaks were 1.6-48 times greater than the pre-perturbation averages. Chlorophyll a peaks were larger for M. aeruginosa than for A. flos aquae. Chlorophyll a peaks were also larger for the higher (10 m/h) than for the lower (7 m/h) initial filter loading rate. The post-perturbation effluent turbidity peaks were 1.4-7.2 times greater than the pre-perturbation averages. The post-perturbation effluent particle peaks were 6.5-25 times greater than the pre-perturbation averages. These results indicate that particles were a more sensitive indicator of cyanobacterial passage than turbidity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dugan, NR (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dugan.nicholas@epa.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2005.04.001 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 004EA UT WOS:000234733600004 ER PT J AU Wolbarst, AB Chiu, WA Yu, C Aiello, K Bachmaier, JT Bastian, RK Cheng, JJ Goodman, J Hogan, R Jones, AR Kamboj, S Lenhartt, T Ott, WR Rubin, A Salomon, SN Schmidt, DW Setlow, LW AF Wolbarst, AB Chiu, WA Yu, C Aiello, K Bachmaier, JT Bastian, RK Cheng, JJ Goodman, J Hogan, R Jones, AR Kamboj, S Lenhartt, T Ott, WR Rubin, A Salomon, SN Schmidt, DW Setlow, LW TI Radioactive materials in biosolids: Dose modeling SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE contamination; environmental; dose assessment; environmental assessment; environmental transport ID RISKS AB The Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards (ISCORS) has recently completed a study of the occurrence within the United States of radioactive materials in sewage sludge and sewage incineration ash. One component of that effort was an examination of the possible transport of radioactivity from sludge into the local environment and the subsequent exposure of humans. A stochastic environmental pathway model was applied separately to seven hypothetical, generic sludge-release scenarios, leading to the creation of seven tables of Dose-to-Source Ratios (DSR), which can be used in translating from specific activity in sludge into dose to an individual. These DSR values were then combined with the results of an ISCORS survey of sludge and ash at more than 300 publicly owned treatment works, to explore the potential for radiation exposure of sludge workers and members of the public. This paper provides a brief overview of the pathway modeling methodology employed in the exposure and dose assessments and discusses technical aspects of the results obtained. C1 US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Middlesex Cty Util Author, Sayreville, NJ USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Wolbarst, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM wolbarst.anthony@epa.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000176847.45395.ce PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 015LG UT WOS:000235552300004 PM 16340604 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE AF Kaldy, JE TI Production ecology of the non-indigenous seagrass, dwarf eelgrass (Zostera japonica Ascher. & Graeb.), in a Pacific Northwest estuary, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Zostera japonica; non-indigenous; seagrass; autecology ID AMERICANA DEN HARTOG; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINA L; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; RUPPIA-MARITIMA; NITROGEN BUDGET; GROWTH AB The non-indigenous seagrass Zostera japonica Ascher. & Graeb. (dwarf eelgrass) was first identified in central Oregon (USA) estuaries about 30 years ago. The autecology of this species is poorly described at the southern end of its non-native range although several process oriented studies have been conducted. I examined the production ecology of Z. japonica in the Yaquina Bay estuary. Strong seasonal patterns in light and temperature appeared to control the seasonal variations in biomass and growth. Above- and below-ground biomass ranged between 40-100 and 70-170 gdw m(-2) respectively and seasonal changes in the root: shoot ratio were controlled by above-ground biomass dynamics. Shoot density ranged between 4000 and 11 000 shts m(-2). Areal leaf growth ranged between 0.1 and 1.7 gdw m(-2) d(-1) and annual production was about 314 +/- 60 gdw m(-2) y(-1) (mean SD). Nutrients were not limiting in this system as a result of coastal upwelling and watershed inputs. The Z. japonica population studied in Oregon exhibited different patterns of persistence, phenology and. flowering intensity relative to other populations along its native and non-native range. These differences suggest that management policies developed for one site may not be appropriate for other sites. The data presented here greatly expands our knowledge base on Z. japonica and provides insight to the processes controlling the dynamics and spread of this non-indigenous seagrass. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Kaldy.jim@epa.gov NR 51 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2006 VL 553 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-5764-z PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 990GJ UT WOS:000233730900015 ER PT J AU Bridges, TS Apitz, SE Evison, L Keckler, K Logan, M Nadeau, S Wenning, RJ AF Bridges, Todd S. Apitz, Sabine E. Evison, Leah Keckler, Kymberlee Logan, Mary Nadeau, Steve Wenning, Richard J. TI Risk-Based Decision Making to Manage Contaminated Sediments SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment management; Decision making; MCDA AB This paper summarizes discussion among the 7 authors who served on an expert panel at the Third Battelle International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, in January 2005. In this article, the authors review how sediment management decisions are currently made and address the question of how management decisions should be made in the future. It is arguably the case that sediment remediation presents greater challenges and more complexity than traditional land-based clean-ups. Although understanding of these challenges and complexities has grown over the last 25 y, there has been, until recently, relatively little innovation in the approaches used to manage the environmental risks posed by contaminated sediments. New methods that facilitate a more rigorous analysis of the multiple criteria considered in decision making have been developed. These methods, collectively known as multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), coupled with the use of comparative-risk assessment and cost/ benefit analysis, are proposed as an effective, efficient, and credible foundation for evaluating remedy alternatives at contaminated sediment sites. C1 [Bridges, Todd S.] US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. [Evison, Leah] US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Keckler, Kymberlee] US EPA, Fed Facil Superfund Sect, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Logan, Mary] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Nadeau, Steve] Honigman Miller Schwartz & Cohn LLP, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. [Wenning, Richard J.] ENVIRON Int Corp, San Francisco Bay Area, CA 94608 USA. RP Bridges, TS (reprint author), US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Todd.S.Bridges@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020110 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200011 PM 16640318 ER PT J AU Zeller, C Cushing, B AF Zeller, Craig Cushing, Bradford TI Panel Discussion: Remedy Effectiveness: What Works, What Doesn't? SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment response actions; Environmental dredging; Capping; Monitored natural recovery; Remedy effectiveness AB As contaminated sediment sites in freshwater and marine environments come under increasing scrutiny, and the importance of these sites with regard to ecological and human health is better understood, the number of contaminated sediment sites requiring risk characterization and management is increasing. Risk reduction must be the long-term goal of all sediment management practices. Risk management strategies in aquatic environments focus on mitigating potential exposure pathways for contaminants that may pose an ecological or human health risk over time. Sediment management practices include dredging ("environmental dredging"), capping, monitored natural recovery, and combinations of these generic response actions. A Remedy Effectiveness Panel was selected to identify and discuss the key issues associated with the performance of these generic response actions for contaminated sediments. The panel convened in New Orleans on 26 January 2005 at Battelle's Third International Conference on the Remediation of Contaminated Sediments and made 3 presentations on response actions to conference attendees followed by an open dialog between attendees and panel members. This article introduces the 3 generic response actions, identifies key topics from the open dialog and presents opinions expressed, and provides a summary and observations. C1 [Zeller, Craig] US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St,SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Cushing, Bradford] Appl Environm Management, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. RP Zeller, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4,61 Forsyth St,SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM bcushing@aem-inc.com NR 3 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020113 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200014 PM 16640321 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Ruder, AM Schulte, PA Hayes, RB Rothman, N Waters, M Grant, DJ Boissy, R Bells, DA Kadlubar, FF Hemstreet, GP Yin, S Lemasters, GK AF Carreon, T Ruder, AM Schulte, PA Hayes, RB Rothman, N Waters, M Grant, DJ Boissy, R Bells, DA Kadlubar, FF Hemstreet, GP Yin, S Lemasters, GK TI NAT2 slow acetylation and bladder cancer in workers exposed to benzidine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE bladder cancer; benzidine; arylamine N-acetyltransferase; glutathione S-transferase; case-control study ID N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; AROMATIC-AMINES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; URINARY METABOLITES; OCCUPATIONAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; DNA-ADDUCTS; HUMAN LIVER; PHENOTYPE AB This study expands a previous study of NAT2 polymorphisms and bladder cancer in male subjects occupationally exposed only to benzidine. The combined analysis of 68 cases and 107 controls from a cohort of production workers in China exposed to benzidine included 30 new cases and 67 controls not previously studied. NAT2 enzymatic activity phenotype was characterized by measuring urinary caffeine metabolite ratios. PCR-based methods identified genotypes for NAT2, NAT1 and GSTM1. NAT2 phenotype and genotype data were consistent. A protective association was observed for the slow NAT2 genotype (bladder cancer OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1 = 1.0) after adjustment for cumulative benzidine exposure and lifetime smoking. Individuals carrying NAT1wt/*10 and NAT1*10/*10 showed higher relative risks of bladder cancer (OR = 2.8,95% CI = 0.8-10.1 and OR = 2.2,95% CI = 0.6-8.3, respectively). No association was found between GSTM1 null and bladder cancer. A metaanalysis risk estimate of case-control studies of NAT2 acetylation and bladder cancer in Asian populations without occupational arylamine exposures showed an increased risk for slow acetylators. The lower limit of the confidence interval (OR = 1.4; 95% 11 = 1.0-2.0) approximated the upper confidence interval for the estimate obtained in our analysis. These results support the earlier finding of a protective association between slow acetylation and bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers, in contrast to its established link as a risk factor for bladder cancer in people exposed to 2-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl. Study findings suggest the existence of key differences in the metabolism of mono- and diarylamines. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Gen Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Pharmacogen & Mol Epidemiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Dept Toxicol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Carreon, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkway,Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM carreota@ucmail.uc.edu RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012; OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664; Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-0918-661X NR 62 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1002/ijc.21308 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985KJ UT WOS:000233376000021 PM 16003747 ER PT J AU Hoehamer, CF Wolfe, NL Eriksson, KEL AF Hoehamer, Christopher F. Wolfe, N. Lee Eriksson, Karl Erik L. TI Biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); Fusarium oxysporum; bioremediation; nitroreductase; nitroreduction ID WHITE ROT FUNGUS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CONTAMINATED SOILS; DEGRADATION; RHIZOSPHERE; METABOLISM; NITROREDUCTASE; MINERALIZATION; TRANSFORMATION AB The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was isolated and identified from the aquatic plant M. aquaticum. The capability of this fungus to transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in liquid cultures was investigated. TNT was added to shake flask cultures and transformed into 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-DNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-A-DNT), and 2,4diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DAT) via 2- and 4-hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene derivatives, which could be detected as intermediate metabolites. Transformation of TNT, 2-A-DNT, and 4-A-DNT was observed by whole cultures and with isolated mycelium. Cell free protein extracts from the extracellular, soluble, and membrane-bound fractions were prepared from this fungus and tested for TNT-reducing activity. The concentrated extracellular culture medium was unable to transform TNT, however, low levels of TNT transformation were observed by the membrane fraction in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in an argon atmosphere. A concentrated extract of soluble enzymes also transformed TNT, but to a lesser extent. When TNT toxicity was studied with this fungus, a 50% decrease in the growth of E oxysporum mycelium was observed when exposed to 20 mg/L TNT. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wolfe, NL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30065 USA. EM choehamer@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1080/15226510600678423 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060HL UT WOS:000238793200001 PM 16924959 ER PT J AU Hoehamer, CF Wolfe, NL Eriksson, KEL AF Hoehamer, Christopher F. Wolfe, N. Lee Eriksson, Karl Erik L. TI Differences in the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) between wild and axenically grown isolates of Myriophyllum aquaticum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE Myriophyllum aquaticum; parrot feather; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); phytoremediation; bioremediation ID PLANT; TRANSFORMATION; MUTAGENICITY; SPICATUM; NITROREDUCTASE; PURIFICATION; DISPOSITION; METABOLITES; SOILS AB The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential for aquatic plants and their associated microbes to bioremediate wetland sites contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The transformation of TNT was studied using both wild and axenically grown isolates of Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot feather). Differences in TNT transformation rates and nitroaromatic metabolites were observed between different plants. The wild isolates, containing a consortium of associated microorganisms, transformed TNT into 2-amino4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-DNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-A-DNT) via 2- and 4-hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene, which were detected as intermediates. The wild M. aquaticum also converted the metabolites, 2-A-DNT and 4-A-DNT, into low levels of 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT). The axenically grown plants, containing no cultureable microorganisms, also transformed TNT into 2-A-DAFT and 4-A-DNT, but at a much lower rate than that observed for the wild isolates. Unlike the wild plants, axenically grown M. aquaticum could not transform either 2-A-DNT or 4-A-DNT into 2,4-DAT over the incubation period. The differences in the performance between these plants could indicate that plant-associated microorganisms assisted in the overall transformation of TNT. For each plant, unidentifiable metabolites were observed and the soluble monoamino-derivatives present in the wild and axenic medium accounted for 14 and 7% of the initial TNT concentration, respectively. Thus, the majority of nitroaromatic derivatives remained associated with the plant tissues. Furthermore, only 7 and 3% of the initial TNT concentration were extracted as monoamino-derivatives from the tissues of the wild and axenically grown plants, respectively. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hoehamer, CF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30065 USA. EM choehamer@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1080/15226510600678431 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060HL UT WOS:000238793200002 PM 16924960 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Mitchell, WA Squier, WC Linna, K King, FG Logan, R Dong, YJ Thompson, GJ Clark, NN AF Kinsey, JS Mitchell, WA Squier, WC Linna, K King, FG Logan, R Dong, YJ Thompson, GJ Clark, NN TI Evaluation of methods for the determination of diesel-generated fine particulate matter: Physical characterization results SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; diesel exhaust; instrumentation; particle size distribution ID LOW-PRESSURE IMPACTOR; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE MASS; ELPI; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSIONS; MOBILITY AB A multi-phase instrument comparison study was conducted on two different diesel engines on a dynamometer to compare commonly used particulate matter (PM) measurement techniques while sampling the same diesel exhaust aerosol and to evaluate inter- and intra-method variability. Included in this evaluation were a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM), three Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPSs), a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), a TSI DustTrak, a MET-One E-BAM, and two Electrical Low Pressure Impactors (ELPIs) as well as two types of time-integrated filter samplers. Of the five on-line analyzers evaluated for PM mass concentration, the TEOM was shown to have the best overall correlation to the gravimetric filter method. For measuring concentration by particle number, the two ELPIs and the Model 3936L25 SMPS provided generally comparable results during both test phases (data for the stand-alone CPC were invalidated). With respect to measuring particle size distribution (PSD) by gravimetric analysis, the ELPIs were not found to be useful for a variety of reasons whereas for differential number distribution, the SMPSs and ELPIs provided generally comparable results. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 63 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.03.007 PG 25 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 006BE UT WOS:000234869300004 ER PT J AU Li, HL Romieu, I Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M del Rio-Navarro, BE Kistner, EO Gjessing, HK Lara-Sanchez, ID Chiu, GY London, SJ AF Li, HL Romieu, I Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M del Rio-Navarro, BE Kistner, EO Gjessing, HK Lara-Sanchez, ID Chiu, GY London, SJ TI Genetic polymorphisms in arginase I and II and childhood asthma and atopy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARG1; ARG2; genetic predisposition to disease; SNP; polymorphism; single nucleotide; respiratory hypersensitivity; skin tests; asthma; tobacco smoke pollution ID CASE-PARENT TRIADS; NITRIC-OXIDE; BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; AIRWAY HYPERREACTIVITY; POSITIONAL CLONING; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; GUINEA-PIGS; ARGININE; IDENTIFICATION; RELAXATION AB Background: A recent microarray study implicated arginase I (ARGI) and arginase II (ARG2) in mouse allergic asthma models and human asthma. Objectives: To examine the association between genetic variation in ARGI and ARG2 and childhood asthma and atopy risk. Methods: We enrolled 433 case-parent triads, consisting of patients with asthma 4 to 17 years old and their biologic parents, from the allergy clinic of a public hospital in Mexico City between 1998 and 2003. Atopy to 24 aeroallergens was determined by skin prick tests. We genotyped 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ARG1 and 4 SNPs of ARG2 with minor allele frequencies higher than 10% by using the TaqMan assay (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, Calif). Results: ARGI SNPs and haplotypes were not associated with asthma, but all 4 ARGI SNPs were associated with the number of positive skin tests (P = .007-.018). Carrying 2 copies of minor alleles for either of 2 highly associated ARG2 SNPs was associated with a statistically significant increased relative risk (RR) of asthma (1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1 for arg2s1; RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3 for arg2s2). The association was slightly stronger among children with a smoking parent (arg2s1 RR 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2 - 3.9 with a smoking parent; RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.9 without; interaction P = .025). Haplotype analyses reduced the sample size but supported the single SNP results. One ARG2 SNP was related to the number of positive skin tests (P = .027). C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. Westat Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP London, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov RI Gjessing, Hakon/A-5871-2012; OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES049019, Z01 ES049019-10] NR 43 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.026 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 017IK UT WOS:000235687100019 PM 16387594 ER PT J AU Conklin, SD Creed, PA Creed, JT AF Conklin, Sean D. Creed, Patricia A. Creed, John T. TI Detection and quantification of a thio-arsenosugar in marine molluscs by IC-ICP-MS with an emphasis on the interaction of arsenosugars with sulfide as a function of pH SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 09-14, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; ESI-MS/MS; ARSENIC METABOLITES; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; ACID; ENVIRONMENTS; SPECIATION; INGESTION; EXCRETION AB The sulfur analog of As(328) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl-5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsinoyl-beta-(D)-riboside), abbreviated As(328-S), was detected and quantified in five species of marine shellfish using IC-ICP-MS with structural verification via IC-ESI-MS/MS. The CAD spectra produced from the parent ion, m/z 345, in the extract contained two major daughter ions, m/z 253 and 235, closely matching the CAD spectrum of synthetic As(328-S). The ability of the oxide and sulfide forms of the arsenosugar to interconvert led to a series of fundamental studies in ideal solutions containing both the arsenosugar and sulfide. The conversion of As(328) to As(328-S) was found to be pH sensitive and promoted in the pH range where HS- is converted to H2S (pK(1) = 7). The conversion was observed in both shellfish extracts and ideal solutions with comparable sulfide and arsenosugar concentrations. The conversion was further studied over a range of sulfur/arsenic molar ratios. At a 15-fold molar excess of sulfide at pH 4.8, the lowest pH experienced by an extract, > 90% conversion to the sulfide was observed. In the context of shellfish, a molar ratio greater than 200:1 sulfide to arsenic was detected in all five extracts. These trends should prove useful in improving confidence in thio-arsenosugar speciation and predicting the extent of conversion under a given set of conditions. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epamail.epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2006 VL 21 IS 9 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.1039/b608845g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 078DT UT WOS:000240082600005 ER PT J AU Schenck, FJ Podhorniak, LV Hobbs, J Casanova, J Donoghue, D AF Schenck, FJ Podhorniak, LV Hobbs, J Casanova, J Donoghue, D TI Liquid chromatographic determination of N-methyl carbamate pesticide residues at low parts-per-billion levels in eggs SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID YOLKS; DRUG; POULTRY; AMPICILLIN; CLEANUP; FEED AB A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method is presented for the analysis of N-methyl carbamate pesticide residues and piperonyl butoxide in eggs at levels as low as 2 mu g/kg (ppb). The study was undertaken to provide data for dietary exposure estimates used in risk analysis. The method uses an acetonitrile extraction followed by liquid-liquid partitioning and normal-phase aminopropyl solid-phase extraction column cleanup. Determination of residues is by reversed-phase LC with an inline postcolumn reaction followed by fluorescence detection. The average recoveries of 21 fortified (most at 2.0 and 20.0 ppb) N-methyl carbarnate pesticide residues and the carbarnate metabolite 1-naphthol from eggs ranged from 70 to 107%. Recoveries of the pesticide synergist piperonyl butoxide ranged from 63 to 106%. Single-comb White Leghorn hens were treated with the carbarnate carbaryl, and the eggs subsequently produced were analyzed for carbaryl and 1-naphthol residues. C1 US FDA, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Schenck, FJ (reprint author), US FDA, SE Reg Lab, 60 8th St NE, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM fschenck@ora.fda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 196 EP 200 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 010GJ UT WOS:000235175000031 PM 16512248 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JA Bassett, MV AF Shoemaker, JA Bassett, MV TI Development of EPA method 535 for the determination of chloroacetanilide and other acetamide herbicide degradates in drinking water by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ACID METABOLITES; GROUNDWATER; IDENTIFICATION; METOLACHLOR; ALACHLOR; PRODUCTS; RIVER; FIELD; SOIL; IOWA AB U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 535 has been developed in order to provide a method for the analysis of "Alachlor ESA and other acetanilide degradation products," which are listed on EPA's 1998 Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List. Method 535 uses solid-phase extraction with a nonporous graphitized carbon sorbent to extract the ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid degradates of propachlor, flufenacet, dimethenamid, alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor from finished drinking water matrixes. Separation and quantitation of the target analytes are achieved with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Dimethachlor ESA and butachlor ESA were chosen during the method development as the surrogate and internal standard. Drinking water samples were dechlorinated with ammonium chloride without adversely affecting the analyte recoveries. Typical mean recoveries of 92-116% in deionized water and 89-116% in ground water were observed with relative standard deviations of < 5%. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shoemaker, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS 564,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shoemaker.jody@epa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 010GJ UT WOS:000235175000032 PM 16512249 ER PT J AU Soderberg, D AF Soderberg, D TI Pesticides and other chemical contaminants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION INTERFACE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS DETECTOR; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIOXIN-LIKE PCBS C1 US EPA, OPP, HED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Soderberg, D (reprint author), US EPA, OPP, HED, RRB3,Rm 821D,Crystal Mall 2,7509C,Ariel Rios Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM soderberg.david@epamail.epa.gov NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 293 EP 303 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 010GJ UT WOS:000235175000044 PM 16512261 ER PT J AU Irwin, RD AF Irwin, RD TI A review of evidence leading to the prediction that 1,4-butanediol is not a carcinogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 1.4-butanediol; carcinogenicity; gamma-butyrolactone; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; metabolism ID GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; GENERALIZED ABSENCE SEIZURES; RAT-BRAIN; AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; DEPENDENT OXIDOREDUCTASE; SUCCINIC SEMIALDEHYDE; INBORN ERROR; BUTYROLACTONE; METABOLISM; NEUROTRANSMITTER AB 1,4-Butanediol is an industrial chemical used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of other organic chemicals. It has recently been associated with deaths, addiction and withdrawal related to its promotion and use as a dietary supplement. The rapid absorption and conversion of 1,4-butanediol to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB, or date rape drug) in animals and humans is well documented and is the basis for its abuse potential. A disposition and metabolism study conducted in F344 rats by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) confirmed the rapid conversion of 1-C-14-1,4-butanediol to (CO2)-C-14. Because of this, the toxicological profile of 1,4-butanediol resembles that of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid occurs naturally in the brain and peripheral tissues and is converted to succinate and metabolized through the TCA cycle. Although the function of gamma-hydroxvbutyric acid in peripheral tissues is not known, the presence of specific high affinity receptors for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid suggests that it functions as a neuromodulator in the brain and neuronal tissue. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and elicits characteristic neuropharmacologic responses after oral, i.p., or i.v. administration. The same responses are observed after administration of 1,4-butanediol. The cyclic lactone of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, gamma-butyrolactone, is also rapidly converted to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by enzymes in the blood and liver in animals and humans, and produces pharmacological effects identical to those produced by 1,4-butanediol and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. gamma-Butyrolactone was previously evaluated by the NTP in 14-day and 13-week prechronic toxicology studies and in 2-year chronic toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice. No organ specific toxicity occurred. In the carcinogenesis studies there was an equivocal response in male mice based on a marginal increase in the incidence of pheochromocytomas of the adrenal medulla. Because the absence of chronic toxicity and significant carcinogenicity of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid were established in NTP prechronic and chronic studies with gamma-butyrolactone, it is concluded that similar results would be obtained in a 2-year study with 1,4-butanediol, and that 1,4-butanediol is not a carcinogen. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Irwin, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM irwin@niehs.nih.gov NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1002/jat.1110 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 009FG UT WOS:000235096300011 PM 16193534 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K AF Kitchin, KT Wallace, K TI Arsenite binding to synthetic peptides: The effect of increasing length between two cysteines SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; arsenite; binding; K-d; B-max; dithiol ID IN-VITRO INHIBITION; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; METALLOTHIONEIN; GLUTATHIONE; PROTEIN AB We utilized radioactive 73As-labeled arsenite and vacuum filtration methodology to determine the binding affinity of arsenite to eight synthetic peptides ranging from 13 to 24 amino acids long and containing one or two cysteines separated by 0-17 intervening amino acids. Six of the eight peptides were highly similar in amino acid sequence and were based on cysteine containing regions of the hormone-binding site of the human estrogen receptor-alpha (e.g., the sequence of peptide 28 is LEGAWCGKGVEGTEHLYSMKCKNV). The peptides with 0-14 intervening amino acids between two cysteines bound arsenite with K-d values of 2.7-20.1 uM and with B-max values from 36 to 103 nmol/mg protein (from 0.083 to 0.19 nmol/nmol of protein). Thus, increasing the number of intervening amino acids from 0 to 14 made very little difference in the observed K-d values for arsenite, a surprising finding. Therefore, these peptides are flexible in solution and effectively contain a dithiol high affinity binding site for arsenite. Peptide 17 with two C separated by 19 amino acids bound arsenite with a K-d of 123 uM and a B-max of 41.8 nmol/mg. The monothiol peptide 19 bound arsenite with a K-d of 124 uM and a B-max of 26 nmol/mg protein. All experimental binding curves fit well to a one site binding model. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1002/jbt.20112 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 015CS UT WOS:000235530100005 PM 16498636 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K AF Kitchin, KT Wallace, K TI Dissociation of arsenite-peptide complexes: Triphasic nature; Rate constants, half-lives, and biological importance SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; arsenite; binding; dissociation; dithiol; sulfhydryl ID IN-VITRO INHIBITION; GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE; ARSENATE AB We determined the number and the dissociation rate constants of different complexes formed from arsenite and two peptides containing either one (RVCAVGNDYASGYHYGV for peptide 20) or three cysteines (LECAWQGK CVEGTEHLYSMKCK for peptide 10) via radioactive As-73-labeled arsenite and vacuum filtration methodology. Nonlinear regression analysis of the dissociation of both arsenite-peptide complexes showed that triphasic fits gave excellent r(2) values (0.9859 for peptide 20 and 0.9890 for peptide 10). The first phase of arsenite-peptide dissociation had the largest span (decrease in binding), and the rate was too fast to be measured using vacuum filtration methods. The dissociation rate constants of arsenite-peptide complexes for the second phase were 0.35 and 0.54 min(-1) and for the third phase were 0.0071 and 0.0045 min(-1) for peptides 20 and 10, respectively. For peptide 20, the three spans of triphasic decay were 85%. 9%, and 7% of the total binding of 16.1 nmol/mg protein. For peptide 10, which can bind in both an intermolecular and intramolecular manner, the three spans of triphasic decay were 59%, 16%, and 25% of the total binding of 43.7 nmol/mg protein. Binding of trivalent arsenicals to peptides and proteins can alter their structure and function and contribute to adverse health outcomes such as toxicity and carcinogenicity. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1002/jbt.20108 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 015CS UT WOS:000235530100007 PM 16498640 ER PT J AU Doherty, JD AF Doherty, John D. TI Screening pesticides for neuropathogenicity SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; NEUROTOXICITY; EXPOSURE; MPTP; PARAQUAT; ROTENONE; MANEB; SARIN AB Pesticides are routinely screened in studies that follow specific guidelines for possible neuropathogenicity in laboratory animals. These tests will detect chemicals that are by themselves strong inducers of neuropathogenesis if the tested strain is susceptible relative to the time of administration and methodology of assessment. Organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is the only known human neurodegenerative disease associated with pesticides and the existing study guidelines with hens are a standard for predicting the potential for organophosphates to cause OPIDN. Although recent data have led to the suggestion that pesticides may be risk factors for Parkinsonism syndrome, there are no specific protocols to evaluate this syndrome in the existing study guidelines. Ideally additional animal models for human neurodegenerative diseases need to be developed and incorporated into the guidelines to further assure the public that limited exposure to pesticides is not a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. C1 US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Doherty, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, 7509C,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2006 AR 70414 DI 10.1155/JBB/2006/70414 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 106IC UT WOS:000242093200001 ER PT J AU Chalker-Scott, L Collman, SJ AF Chalker-Scott, L Collman, SJ TI Washington State's Master Gardener Program: 30 years of leadership in university-sponsored, volunteer-coordinated, sustainable community horticulture SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE landscape management; urban landscapes; adult education AB The Master Gardener (MG) program, found throughout the United States and Canada, originated in Washington State to provide high-quality, research-based, educational programming to the gardening public. Washington State MGs are trained by Washington State University (WSU) faculty and other specialists in applied plant and soil sciences. After completing this intensive program, MG trainees must pass subject matter exams and then begin their volunteer activities. Today, over 4000 active WSU MG volunteers provide horticultural assistance to their communities. While MGs increase their scientific knowledge, they also develop communication, management, and leadership skills. With sufficient support from local educational institutions and government, this program can easily be adapted to any community in any country where environmental sustainability is desired. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Chalker-Scott, L (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 7612 Pioneer Way E, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM lindacs@wsu.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.11.052 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045QM UT WOS:000237756800029 ER PT J AU Sundy, JS Wood, WA Watt, JL Kline, JN Schwartz, DA AF Sundy, JS Wood, WA Watt, JL Kline, JN Schwartz, DA TI Safety of incremental inhaled lipopolysaccharide challenge in humans SO JOURNAL OF ENDOTOXIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; endotoxin; inhalation challenge; systemic responses ID INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; COTTON DUST; GRAIN DUST; ENDOTOXIN; INHALATION; RESPONSIVENESS; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; SEVERITY; SYMPTOMS AB Background: Inhalation of environmental endotoxin is important in the pathogenesis of asthma and other environmental airway diseases. Inhaled airway challenge using lipopolysaccharide in humans has been performed for over 20 years to assess the airway response to endotoxin. However, there are no published data on the short-term safety of endotoxin inhalation protocols. Objective: To characterize the safety and tolerability of incremental inhaled lipopolysaccharide challenge in humans. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data obtained from 119 subjects who underwent inhaled challenge with up to 41.5 mu g of lipopolysaccharide. We measured pulmonary function, temperature, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and systemic symptoms for 3 h after challenge. Results: Fever occurred in 30% of subjects and was associated with a higher cumulative dose of lipopolysaccharide. Reduced mean arterial pressure occurred in 21% of subjects and was dose-related. There was no association between fever or decreased mean arterial pressure and airway responsiveness to inhaled lipopolysaccharide. Common symptoms reported by subjects included: chills (64%), malaise (56%), cough (56%), chest tightness (49%), headache (43%), and myalgias (27%). None of the subjects experienced delayed discharge or a serious adverse event. Conclusions: Inhaled lipopolysaccharide causes dose-related systemic responses that include fever, reduced blood pressure, and constitutional symptoms that are not associated with the airway response to inhaled lipopolysaccharide. Systemic responses to inhaled lipopolysaccharide should be expected and subjects undergoing inhaled lipopolysaccharide challenge in the research setting should be carefully monitored for non-pulmonary adverse events for several hours after challenge. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Harvard Comined Med Pediat Training Program, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sundy, JS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Box 3278,014 Baker House, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM sundy001@mc.duke.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00059]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES005605, ES07498, ES 11185, ES 11375, ES 12496] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0968-0519 J9 J ENDOTOXIN RES JI J. Endoxtin Res. PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1179/096805106X102174 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA 038MV UT WOS:000237226900005 PM 16690014 ER PT J AU Wrenn, B Sarnecki, KL Kohar, ES Lee, K Venosa, AD AF Wrenn, B Sarnecki, KL Kohar, ES Lee, K Venosa, AD TI Effects of nutrient source and supply on crude oil biodegradation, in continuous-flow beach microcosms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE crude oil; biodegradation; oil spills; nutrients; kinetics; shore protection ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SPILL BIOREMEDIATION; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; NITRATE ASSIMILATION; NITROGEN-SOURCE; SEA-WATER; PETROLEUM; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; LIMITATION AB Ammonium and nitrate were used as nitrogen sources to support microbial biodegradation of crude oil in continuous-flow beach microcosms to determine whether either nutrient was more effective in open systems, such as intertidal shorelines. No differences in the rate or extent of oil biodegradation were observed, regard less of whether these nutrients were provided continuously or intermittently. Nutrients were provided once every two weeks to intermittent-input microcosms and washed out within four to five days. In continuous-input microcosms, ammonium and nitrate were assimilated as quickly as they were provided during the first week, but both accumulated to greater than 10 mg N/L thereafter. The sensitivity of the oil mineralization rate to nutrient input decreased rapidly as the extent of oil degradation increased, and after about two weeks the rate of oil-mineralization appeared to be independent of nutrient input. Therefore, there may be little value in maintaining a long-term supply of nutrients in contact with oil-contaminated sediments. The rates of microbial assimilation of ammonium and nitrate followed similar trends. Both compounds were assimilated more slowly as the extent of oil biodegradation increased, and the nitrate uptake rates approached zero after about two weeks. Ammonium assimilation continued at a low rate throughout the six-week experiment, but this did not appear to affect the rate of oil mineralization. Assimilation of ammonium resulted in a sharp decrease in the pH of the synthetic seawater that was pumped continuously through the microcosms, but nitrate had a much smaller effect on pH. The magnitude of the ammonium-associated pH change was never as large as was observed in previous studies involving oil biodegradation in batch reactors, however, and did not affect the oil-biodegradation rate. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. PT Trias Sentosa, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Enviornm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wrenn, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Sci Program, Campus Box 1180,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM bawrenn@seas.wustl.edu NR 52 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1(75) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998OV UT WOS:000234329400011 ER PT J AU Kaku, VJ Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Kaku, VJ Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD TI Evaluation of mixing energy in laboratory flasks used for dispersant effectiveness testing SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE oil spills; turbulence; anemometers; energy dissipation; velocity; time series analysis; data collection ID VELOCITY-GRADIENT; STIRRED MIXER; TURBULENCE; DISSIPATION; FLOCCULATION; PARAMETERS; TURBINE; STREAM; FLUID; FIELD AB The evaluation of dispersant effectiveness used for oil spills is commonly done using tests conducted in laboratory flasks. The success of a test relies on replication of the conditions at sea. We used a hot wire anemometer to characterize the turbulence characteristics in the swirling flask (SF) and the baffled flask (BF), the latter is being considered by the Environmental Protection Agency to replace the prior. We used the measurements to compute the velocity gradient, G and the energy dissipation rate per unit mass, epsilon. The study shows that the mixing in the BF is more uniformly distributed than that in the SF. Flask average energy. dissipation rates in the SF were about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those in the BE The sizes of the microscales in the BF were found to be much smaller than that in the SE Also, in the BF, the sizes of the microscales approached the size of oil droplets observed at sea (50-400 mu m), which means that the turbulence in the BF closely resembles the turbulence occurring at sea during breaking waves. Hence, the BF is preferable for dispersant testing in the laboratory. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Oil Spill Res Program, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1(93) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998OV UT WOS:000234329400013 ER PT J AU Qi, S Alonso, C Suidan, MT Sayles, GD AF Qi, S Alonso, C Suidan, MT Sayles, GD TI PCB volatilization from sediments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE PCB; volatilization; sediment; mathematical models; water pollution; soil pollution ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; VOLATILE LOSS; SORPTION; MODEL; DESORPTION; CONGENERS; WATER; AIR AB The loss of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from sediment by volatilization is currently under scrutiny by polluters, regulators, and researchers. In this research, a one-dimensional mathematical model for the volatilization of PCBs from sediment was developed. The model considers a system with three phases: A water-saturated PCB contaminated sediment, the overlying water, and air above the water. A simple microcosm consisting of sediment, water and air that allows for (pseudo) -one-dimensional transport of PCB from the sediment to the gas phase was utilized to perform PCB transport studies using two PCB congeners: 4,4-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) and 2, 2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB). The experimental data on DCB were used to calibrate and validate the mathematical model. The calibrated model was then used to simulate the effect of sediment layer thickness, depth of the overlying water, and the level of contamination on the rate of DCB volatilization. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM makram.suidan@uc.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1(102) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998OV UT WOS:000234329400014 ER PT J AU Simon, MA Brusseau, ML AF Simon, MA Brusseau, ML TI Method for measuring air-immiscible liquid partition coefficients SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE nonaqueous phase liquids; soil treatment; in situ tests; tracers; thermodynamics; vapor; soil gas; errors ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; FIELD-SCALE EVALUATION; TRACER TESTS; REMEDIATION PERFORMANCE; CONSTANTS; AQUIFER AB The principal objective of this work was to measure nonaqueous phase liquid-air partition coefficients for various gas tracer compounds. Known amounts of trichloroethene (TCE) and tracer, as neat compounds, were introduced into glass vials and allowed to equilibrate. The TCE and tracer concentration of the headspace was analyzed and the partition coefficient was calculated from a mass balance. The TCE-air partition coefficient, defined as the ratio of the concentration of the tracer in the vapor phase to its concentration in the TCE phase, for gas tracer compounds perfluorodimethylcyclobutane, perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, dibromodifluoromethane, and dibromotetrafluoroethane were determined to be 22, 24, 53, 370, and 470 for temperatures of 22-28 degrees C. Most of the variability follows from uncertainty with measurements of tracer vapor-phase concentrations, with overall relative percent differences ranging from 8.5 to 25%. This methodology produces results consistent with literature values obtained from column tests, with similar reproducibility. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Simon, MA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM simon.michelle@epa.gov; brusseau@Ag.arizona.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1(140) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998OV UT WOS:000234329400019 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL AF Jones-Lepp, TL TI Chemical markers of human waste contamination: Analysis of urobilin and pharmaceuticals in source waters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FECAL POLLUTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE POLLUTION; INDICATOR; STEROLS AB Giving public water authorities another tool to monitor and measure levels of human waste contamination of waters simply and rapidly would enhance public protection. Most of the methods used today detect such contamination by quantifying microbes occurring in feces in high enough densities that they can be measured easily. However, most of these microbes, for example E. coli, do not serve as specific markers for any one host species and many can have origins other than feces. As an alternative, chemicals shed in feces and urine might be used to detect human waste contamination of environmental waters. One potential chemical marker of human waste is the compound urobilin. Urobilin is one of the final by- products of hemoglobin breakdown. Urobilin is excreted in both the urine and feces from many mammals, particularly humans. Source waters from 21 sites in New England, Nevada, and Michigan were extracted using hydrophilic - lipophilic balance ( HLB) cartridges and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray mass spectrometry ( HPLC - ES- MS). As a marker of human waste, urobilin was detected in many of the source waters at concentrations ranging from not detectable to 300 ng L (-1). Besides urobilin, azithromycin, an antibiotic widely prescribed for human use only in the US, was also detected in many of these waters, with concentrations ranging from not detectable to 77 ng L (-1). This methodology, using both urobilin and azithromycin ( or any other human- use pharmaceutical) could be used to give public water authorities a definitive method for tracing the sources of human waste contamination. The analysis and detection of urobilin in surface waters by HPLC - ES- MS has not been previously reported in the peer- reviewed literature. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1039/b512858g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031CD UT WOS:000236680800006 PM 16604237 ER PT J AU Sather, ME Slonecker, ET Kronmiller, KG Williams, DD Daughtrey, H Mathew, J AF Sather, ME Slonecker, ET Kronmiller, KG Williams, DD Daughtrey, H Mathew, J TI Evaluation of short-term Ogawa passive, photolytic, and federal reference method sampling devices for nitrogen oxides in El Paso and Houston, Texas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT; MODELING OPPORTUNITY; OZONE NETWORK; AIR; NO2; DALLAS AB Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) have been successfully used by government and academic agencies to monitor common ambient air pollutants such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Most PSD studies have involved long-term (e.g. bi-weekly or monthly) sampling. But the Passive Ozone Network of Dallas (POND) studies of 1998 and 1999 showed that high quality 24-hour and 12-hour data using the Ogawa PSD could be collected for ambient ozone concentrations. This paper presents an evaluation of short-term passive sampling results for nitrogen oxides (NOx) in El Paso and Houston, Texas, using the Ogawa PSD. The Ogawa NOx PSDs were compared to both Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors and a photolytic converter, with the photolytic converter designed to report closer concentrations to "true'' NOx by more effectively limiting the interferences of other nitrogen species. Overall, good agreement was noted for all three monitor types in both cities, supporting the potential use of lower cost Ogawa PSDs for large multi-site episodic NOx/NO2/NO saturation screening studies. This evaluation was conducted during two separate six week periods of the cooler winter months so additional testing of the Ogawa PSDs during different seasons is recommended. C1 US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ORD, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Houston Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. RP Sather, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Air Qual Anal Sect, Reg 6,1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1039/b601113f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041NF UT WOS:000237462200009 PM 16688358 ER PT J AU Osemwengie, LI AF Osemwengie, Lantis I. TI Determination of synthetic musk compounds in sewage biosolids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; POLYCYCLIC MUSKS; WASTE-WATER; FRAGRANCE MATERIALS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; AMINO METABOLITES; EXPOSURE; KETONE; XYLENE AB A review of sewage sludge regulations and land application practices by the United States National Research Council (2002) recommended development of improved analytical techniques to adequately identify and quantify new chemical contaminants, such as synthetic musk compounds in Class A sewage sludge (i. e., biosolids). This prompted the development of a rugged analytical method using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to detect this group of organic pollutants in biosolids. In this paper, the term "biosolids'' is used interchangeably with "sewage sludge'', which is defined in the regulations and used in the statue (Clean Water Act). Samples of Class A biosolids obtained from sewage treatment plants in Los Angeles, California, the City of Las Vegas, Nevada, and also in the form of a commercial fertilizer, were extracted using pressurized liquid extraction technique, subjected to gel permeation chromatography cleanup, and analyzed by GC/MS using the selected ion monitoring mode. The method developed has the potential to detect synthetic musk compounds in complex matrices, may provide accurate data useful in human health and environmental risk assessment, and may be useful in determining the efficacy of municipal sewage treatment plants for removing synthetic musk compounds. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Osemwengie, LI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM Osemwengie.Lantis@epa.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 9 BP 897 EP 903 DI 10.1039/b603113g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080GP UT WOS:000240236200005 PM 16951749 ER PT J AU Creed, PA Gallawa, CM Young, AR Schwegel, CA Lytle, D Sorg, TJ Creed, JT AF Creed, Patricia A. Gallawa, Christina M. Young, Andrea R. Schwegel, Carol A. Lytle, Darren Sorg, Thomas J. Creed, John T. TI Investigation of sequential and enzymatic extraction of arsenic from drinking water distribution solids using ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID INVITRO METHOD; REMOVAL; IRON; COAGULATION; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; HYDROXIDE; MOBILITY AB A sequential extraction approach was utilized to estimate the distribution of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] on iron oxide/ hydroxide solids obtained from drinking water distribution systems. The arsenic (As) associated with these solids can be segregated into three operationally defined categories (exchangeable, amorphous and crystalline) according to the sequential extraction literature. The exchangeable As, for the six drinking water solids evaluated, was estimated using 10 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM NaH2PO4 and represented between 5 - 34% of the total As available from the solid. The amorphously bound As was estimated using 10 mM (NH4) 2C(2)O(4) and represented between 57 - 124% of the As available from the respective solid. Finally, the crystalline bound As was estimated using titanium citrate and this represented less than 1.5% of the As associated with the solids. A synthetic stomach/intestine extraction approach was also applied to the distribution solids. The stomach fluid was found to extract between 0.5 - 33.3 mu g g(-1) As and 120 - 2360 mg g(-1) iron (Fe). The As concentrations in the intestine. uid were between 0.02 - 0.04 mu g g(-1) while the Fe concentration ranged from 0.06 - 0.7 mu g g(-1) for the. rst six drinking water distribution solids. The elevated Fe levels associated with the stomach. uid were found to produce Fe based precipitates when the intestinal treatment was applied. Preliminary observations indicate that most of the aqueous Fe in the stomach. uid is ferric ion and the observed precipitate produced in the intestine. uid is consistent with the decreased solubility of ferric ion at the pH associated with the intestine. C1 US EPA, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Water Supply & Water Resource Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 9 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1039/b60459c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080GP UT WOS:000240236200014 PM 16951758 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, GM Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA Sutton, SR Newville, M AF Hettiarachchi, GM Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA Sutton, SR Newville, M TI mu-XANES and mu-XRF investigations of metal binding mechanisms in biosolids SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SLUDGE-AMENDED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; ADSORPTION; CADMIUM; MANGANESE; SORPTION; OXIDE; IRON AB Micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) microprobe analysis and micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (mu-XANES) spectroscopy were employed to identify Fe and Mn phases and their association with selected metals in two biosolids (limed composted [LC] and Nu-Earth) before and after treatment to remove organic carbon (OC). Spatial correlations derived from elemental mapping of XRF images showed strong correlations between Fe and Cd, Cr, Pb, or Zn (r(2) = 0.65-4.92) before and after removal of most of the OC. The strong correlation between Fe and Cu that was present in intact samples disappeared after OC removal, suggesting that Cu was associated with OC coatings that may have been present on Fe compounds. Except for Fe and Cr, the spatial correlations of metals with Mn were improved after treatment to remove OC, indicating that the treatment may have altered more than the OC in the system. The Fe mu-XANES spectra of the intact biosolids sample showed that every point had varying mixtures of Fe(II and III) species and no two points were identical. The lack of uniformity in Fe species in the biosolids sample illustrates the complexity of the materials and the difficulty of studying biosolids using conventional analytical tools or chemical extraction techniques. Still, these microscopic observations provide independent information supporting the previous laboratory and field hypothesis that Fe compounds play a major role in retention of environmentally important trace elements in biosolids. This could be due to co-precipitation of the metals with Fe, adsorption of metals by Fe compounds, or a combination of both mechanisms. C1 Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Soil & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hettiarachchi, GM (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Soil & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM ganga.hettiarachchi@adelaide.edu.au RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 54 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0259 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000037 PM 16397110 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC AF Sidle, W. C. TI Apparent Kr-85 ages of groundwater within the Royal watershed, Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE krypton-85; groundwater age; recharge; Maine ID CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK; DISPERSION; SYSTEMS; TIME AB Specific Kr-85 activity is mapped from 264 domestic and municipal wells sampled during 2002-2004 in the Royal watershed (361 km(2)), Maine. Gas samples are collected at 20 m, 40 m, and > 50 m interval depths within the unconfined aquifers. Gas extraction for Kr-85 from wells is obtained directly via a wellhead methodology avoiding conventional collection of large sample volumes. Atmospheric Kr-85 input to the recharge environment is estimated at 1.27 Bq m(-3) by time-series analyses of weighted monthly precipitation (2001-2004). Numerical simulation of Kr gas transport through the variable unsaturated zones to the water table suggests up to 12-year time lags locally, thus biasing the Kr-85 groundwater ages. Apparent Kr-85 ages suggest that approximate to 70% of groundwater near 20 m depth was recharged less than 30 years BP (2004). Mass-age transport modeling suggests that post mid-1950s recharge penetrates to part of the basin's floor and that older groundwater seeps from the underlying fractured bedrock may occur. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Isotope Hydrol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), Usepa Lab, 26 W Mlk Blvd,Ms 690, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 91 IS 3 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.08.011 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 114ZT UT WOS:000242704900001 PM 17059857 ER PT J AU Kamel, A Al-Ghamdi, A AF Kamel, A Al-Ghamdi, A TI Determination of acaricide residues in saudi arabian honey and beeswax using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE honey; beeswax; acaricides; pesticide residues; GC/MS; Varroa jacobsoni ID VARROA-JACOBSONI OUD; BEE PRODUCTS; FLUVALINATE AB Determination of acaricide residues of flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, coumaphos, and amitraz in honey and beeswax was carried out using a rapid extraction method utilizing C-18 SPE cartridges and an analytical method utilizing GC with ECD, NPD, and MSD detectors for the four acaricides. Recovery percentages from the extraction method ranged from 90-102%, while the minimum detection levels ranged from 0.01-0.05 mg/kg for the acaricides. Nine of the 21 analyzed samples were found to be contaminated with the acaricides tau-fluvalinate and coumaphos. Neither flumethrin nor amitraz was detected in any of the honey or wax samples. Coumaphos was found only in honey samples in which two samples exceeded the tolerance levels set by EPA and EC regulations. It has not been detected in beeswax. Five honey samples and eight beeswax samples were found to be contaminated with tau-fluvalinate. One of the wax samples was contaminated with a relatively high residue of tau-fluvalinate and contained above 10 mg/kg. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Protect, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Kamel, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Branch, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM kamel.alaa@epa.gov RI Al Ghamdi, Ahmad/E-8251-2014 OI Al Ghamdi, Ahmad/0000-0002-7225-5729 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1080/03601230500364492 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999OG UT WOS:000234398500005 PM 16393903 ER PT J AU Villegas, EN Glassmeyer, ST Ware, MW Hayes, SL Schaefer, FW AF Villegas, Eric N. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Ware, Michael W. Hayes, Samuel L. Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based analysis of Giardia lamblia and Giardia muris SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID INVITRO EXCYSTATION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; IDENTIFICATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; SPOROCYSTS; CYSTS; WATER; MS C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS-320,26 W Martin King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S179 EP S181 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00223.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900070 PM 17169052 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS AF Trebitz, AS TI Characterizing seiche and tide-driven daily water level fluctuations affecting coastal ecosystems of the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE seiche; tide; water level; day-scale fluctuations; hydrologic regime ID FREE-SURFACE OSCILLATIONS; RESIDENCE TIME; RIVER ESTUARY; NORMAL MODES; SAGINAW BAY; SUPERIOR; WETLANDS; ERIE; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY AB Seiches in the Great Lakes probably play a role similar to that of tides in estuaries in organizing the structure and function of coastal wetlands and embayments, but information needed to test this idea is lacking. Past Great Lakes work has focused on enumerating frequencies of oscillation but without addressing their combined influence. Information on seiche magnitude is sparse and focused on extremes rather than typical levels, and tools that integrate magnitude and frequency components to derive net day-scale effects are lacking. This study uses water level time series to characterize daily fluctuation regimes for 51 stations around the Great Lakes. Distributions of fluctuation magnitude typically had long upper tails, with some level of activity always present. Logarithmic mean daily water level range varied from similar to 4 cm in Lake Ontario to > 20 cm in Lake Erie, with largest values at the ends of lakes and in large bays. Oscillation frequency patterns were spatially variable and had both seiche and tide components. One-half the daily sum of water level increments is a computationally tractable metric of fluctuation intensity that integrates magnitude and frequency. This metric is directly interpretable as the column of water moved by all seiche and tide modes combined, which when multiplied by an area of interest yields the volume of water involved. Logarithmic mean values for this metric ranged from similar to 10 cm in Lake Ontario to > 50 cm in Lake Erie. Data and tools provided will support future efforts to establish seiche and tide influences on Great Lakes wetlands and embayments. C1 US EPA, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 43 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 23 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 102 EP 116 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[102:CSATDW]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LL UT WOS:000236636000009 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP Tuchman, ML Millard, ES AF Barbiero, RP Tuchman, ML Millard, ES TI Post-dreissenid increases in transparency during summer stratification in the offshore waters of Lake Ontario: Is a reduction in whiting events the cause? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE invasive species; Dreissena; calcium; Secchi depth; turbidity ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; 2 INDEX STATIONS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ZEBRA MUSSEL; CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA; TROPHIC STATUS; PHYTOPLANKTON; POLYMORPHA; ERIE; IMPACTS AB Since the dreissenid invasion of the lower Great Lakes, calcium concentrations in the offshore waters of Lake Ontario have decreased by approximately 4-5 mg/L. This decline has coincided with a three-fold reduction in August turbidity values and nearly a doubling of Secchi depths, presumably due to reduced summer calcite precipitation events in the lake. The reductions in calcium have followed a dramatic reduction in alkalinity in the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie, which provides most of the inflow to Lake Ontario. This reduction in alkalinity in Lake Erie corresponds to a period of rapid dreissenid growth in that lake, strongly suggesting calcium uptake by dreissenid mussels as a causative factor. The mass of calcium resident in the dreissenid population in Lake Erie, estimated from published lake-wide census data, is sufficient to account for the observed decreases in alkalinity. In addition, observed changes in alkalinity in Lake Ontario closely match those expected to result from inflows from Lake Erie, based on mass balance considerations. Considered in sum, our data strongly suggest that calcium uptake by dreissenid mussels in Lake Erie has resulted in decreases in the calcium concentration in Lake Ontario, reducing the frequency and/or intensity of whiting events in the latter lake. We believe this is the first report of an increase in transparency that can be reasonably attributed to a chemical change brought about by Dreissena. These increases in transparency may have very different consequences than those of dreissenid filtration activities. For example, rather than decreasing phytoplankton populations, the improved light climate might increase summer phytoplankton populations, particularly sub-epilimnetic ones. C1 Comp Sci Corp, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 1359 W Elmdale Ave,suite 2, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM gloeotri@sbeglobal.net NR 50 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[131:PIITDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LL UT WOS:000236636000012 ER PT J AU Gouvea, SP Melendez, C Carberry, MJ Bullerjahn, GS Wilhelm, SW Langen, TA Twiss, MR AF Gouvea, Sandra P. Melendez, Christyanne Carberry, Matthew J. Bullerjahn, George S. Wilhelm, Steven W. Langen, Tom A. Twiss, Michael R. TI Assessment of phosphorus-microbe interactions in Lake Ontario by multiple techniques SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bacteria; bioreporter; Lake Ontario; LOLA; phosphorus; phytoplankton; viruses ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; NEPHELOID LAYER; ERIE; COMMUNITIES; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; DEFICIENCY; INDICATORS; LIMITATION; DYNAMICS AB Conventional and newly-developed techniques to determine the phosphorus (P) status of Lake Ontario phytoplankton were employed in September 2003, immediately after the passage of the storm system associated with Hurricane Isabel. Surface water (1-5 m) was collected at 29 stations, with selected stations sampled throughout the water column. Chemical estimates of total P concentrations were compared with proxies of P bioavailability: P enrichment bioassays of lake water, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), and P-dependent bioreporter assays. Average total P (314 nM) and total chlorophyll-a (2.12 mu g/L) concentrations measured in pelagic surface waters from throughout Lake Ontario suggest an oligotrophic status prevailed across much of this lake during the sample period. Autotrophic picoplankton (0.2-2 pm) displayed the highest growth rates and were grazed at the highest rate, whereas P-enrichment bioassays favored the production of autotrophic nanoplankton (2-20 mu m) and autotrophic microplankton (> 20 mu m) biomass. Average concentrations of bacteria (2.61 X 10(10) cells/L) were higher than those measured during summer in a similar lake (Erie), whereas the average viral density (1.38 x 10(10) virus particles/L) was similar. Pelagic stations exhibited higher APA than coastal stations; cyanobacterial bioreporter responses did not show high correlation with APA suggesting that proxies of P-demand based on residual effects (e.g., enzyme production) were not indicative of shorter-term biological responses related to planktonic growth (bioreporter genetic response). The combination of traditional chemical, biochemical (APA), and cutting-edge biological methods (bioreporter) provided information on nutrient concentrations and primary productivity throughout Lake Ontario, while concurrently allowing real-time assessment of P bioavailability. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Clarkson Ctr Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Internship Program, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Twiss, MR (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Clarkson Ctr Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM mtwiss@clarkson.edu RI Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008 OI Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 455 EP 470 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[455:AOPIIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 095HP UT WOS:000241299100006 ER PT J AU Franco, R Bortner, CD Cidlowski, JA AF Franco, R. Bortner, C. D. Cidlowski, J. A. TI Potential roles of electrogenic ion transport and plasma membrane depolarization in apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE apoptotic volume decrease; ATPases; cell death; cell signaling; cell volume; electrogenic transport; ion channels; ion flux; ion transporters; ionic gradients; ionic homeostasis; plasma membrane potential ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; CULTURED CORTICAL-NEURONS; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI PROMASTIGOTES; NONSELECTIVE CATION CHANNELS; HUMAN HEPATOBLASTOMA CELLS; DEPENDENT SODIUM-CHANNELS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; SENSITIVE CA2+ CHANNELS; BOVINE CHROMAFFIN CELLS AB Apoptosis is characterized by the programmed activation of specific biochemical pathways leading to the organized demise of cells. To date, aspects of the intracellular signaling machinery involved in this phenomenon have been extensively dissected and characterized. However, recent studies have elucidated a novel role for changes in the intracellular milieu of the cells as important modulators of the cell death program. Specially, intracellular ionic homeostasis has been reported to be a determinant in both the activation and progression of the apoptotic cascade. Several apoptotic insults trigger specific changes in ionic gradients across the plasma membrane leading to depolarization of the plasma membrane potential (PMP). These changes lead to ionic imbalance early during apoptosis. Several studies have also suggested the activation and/or modulation of specific ionic transport mechanisms including ion channels, transporters and ATPases, as mediators of altered intracellular ionic homeostasis leading to PMP depolarization during apoptosis. However, the role of PMP depolarization and of the changes in ionic homeostasis during the progression of apoptosis are still unclear. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the causes and consequences of PMP depolarization during apoptosis. We also review the potential electrogenic ion transport mechanisms associated with this event, including the net influx/efflux of cations and anions. An understanding of these mechamisms could lead to the generation of new therapeutic approaches for a variety of diseases involving apoptosis. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cidlowski@niehs.nih.gov RI Franco, Rodrigo/D-9470-2013 OI Franco, Rodrigo/0000-0003-3241-8615 NR 224 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 209 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00232-005-0837-5 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA 041PJ UT WOS:000237467800005 PM 16685600 ER PT J AU Okada, Y Li, T Miyazaki, A Fujita, Y Shiotani, K Tsuda, Y Yokoi, T Ambo, A Sasaki, Y Jinsmaa, Y Bryant, SD Marczak, E Li, Q Swarztwelder, HS AF Okada, Y. Li, T. Miyazaki, A. Fujita, Y. Shiotani, K. Tsuda, Y. Yokoi, T. Ambo, A. Sasaki, Y. Jinsmaa, Y. Bryant, S. D. Marczak, E. Li, Q. Swarztwelder, H. S. TI Development of unique and potent mu-opioid agonists and antagonists containing DMT SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Biochem, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, LPC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC USA. VA Med Ctr, Neurobiol Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2006 VL 12 SU S BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 075SN UT WOS:000239905600384 ER PT J AU Shiotani, K Li, T Miyazaki, A Fujita, Y Tsuda, Y Yokoi, T Ambo, A Sasaki, Y Jinsmaa, Y Bryant, SD Marczak, E Lazarus, LH Okada, Y AF Shiotani, K. Li, T. Miyazaki, A. Fujita, Y. Tsuda, Y. Yokoi, T. Ambo, A. Sasaki, Y. Jinsmaa, Y. Bryant, S. D. Marczak, E. Lazarus, L. H. Okada, Y. TI The role of 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) for manifestation of high mu-opioid receptor binding affinity in opioidmimetics SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Med Chem, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Biochem, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, LPC, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2006 VL 12 SU S BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 075SN UT WOS:000239905600387 ER PT J AU Bow, DAJ Perry, JL Simon, JD Pritchard, JB AF Bow, DAJ Perry, JL Simon, JD Pritchard, JB TI The impact of plasma protein binding on the renal transport of organic anions SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS WILH; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER; OCHRATOXIN-A; PERITUBULAR TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROXIMAL TUBULES; ESTRONE SULFATE; PHENOL RED; KIDNEY AB Drugs and xenobiotics bind to plasma proteins with varying degrees of affinity, and the amount of binding has a direct effect on free drug concentration and subsequent pharmacokinetics. Multiple active and facilitative transport systems regulate the excretion of anionic compounds from the blood in excretory and barrier tissues. Assumptions are made about in vivo substrate affinity and route of elimination based on data from plasma protein-free in vitro assays, particularly following expression of cloned transporters. Ochratoxin A ( OTA), a fungal mycotoxin, is a high-affinity substrate for several renal secretory organic anion transporters ( OATs), and literature suggests that this elimination pathway is the route of entry leading to proximal tubule-targeted toxicity. However, OTA is known to bind to several plasma proteins with a high affinity, particularly serum albumin, which may impact elimination. In this study, we have systematically examined the handling of OTA and other organic anions, estrone sulfate ( ES) and methotrexate ( MTX), by OATs in the presence of serum albumin. Increasing concentrations of albumin markedly reduced uptake of OTA by both Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing OATs 1, 3, and 4 and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1. For all transporters tested, virtually all mediated OTA uptake was eliminated by an albumin concentration equivalent to 10% of that present in the blood plasma. Thus, OTA uptake is dependent on the free substrate concentration and severely limited by binding to human serum albumin. MTX and ES uptake were likewise dependent on free concentration. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Pritchard, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Mail Drop F1-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pritcha3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 316 IS 1 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.093070 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 995YE UT WOS:000234140400042 PM 16195420 ER PT J AU Ogg, C AF Ogg, C TI The vanishing prairie SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Innovat & Emerging Challenges Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ogg, C (reprint author), US EPA, Innovat & Emerging Challenges Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 18A EP 21A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 004GO UT WOS:000234740200004 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW Chen, DH Dietert, R Yang, Y King, M Luster, MI AF Luebke, RW Chen, DH Dietert, R Yang, Y King, M Luster, MI TI The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; DEVELOPING IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PRENATAL DIAZEPAM EXPOSURE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; HOST-RESISTANCE; LEAD-EXPOSURE AB It is well established that human diseases associated with abnormal immune function, including some common infectious diseases and asthma, are considerably more prevalent at younger ages. Although not established absolutely, it is generally believed that development constitutes a period of increased immune system susceptibility to xenobiotics, since adverse effects may occur at lower doses and/or immunomodulation may be more persistent, thus increasing the relative risk of xenobiotic exposure to the immunologically immature organism. To address this issue, a brief overview of immune maturation in humans is provided to demonstrate that functional immaturity alone predisposes the young to infection. Age-dependent differences in the immunotoxic effects of five diverse compounds, diethylstilbestrol (DES), diazepam (DZP), lead (Pb), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and tributyltin oxide (TBTO), which have undergone adult and developmental immunotoxicity testing in rodents, are then reviewed, as are human data when available. For all five chemicals, the developing immune system was found to be at greater risk than that of the adult, either because lower doses produced immunotoxicity, adverse effects were more persistent, or both. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Comparat & Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticides Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epi.gov NR 116 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1080/15287390500194326 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 998AO UT WOS:000234290500001 PM 16393867 ER PT S AU Kaufmann, PR Hughes, RM AF Kaufmann, Philip R. Hughes, Robert M. BE Hughes, RM Wang, L Seelbach, PW TI Geomorphic and anthropogenic influences on fish and amphibians in Pacific Northwest coastal streams SO Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Influences of Landscape on Stream Habitat and Biological Communities CY AUG 25-26, 2004 CL Madison, WI ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; WESTERN OREGON; FINE SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; SALMONIDS; CANOPY; IDAHO; RANGE AB Physical habitat degradation has been implicated as a major contributor to the historic decline of salmonids in Pacific Northwest streams. Native aquatic vertebrate assemblages in the Oregon and Washington Coast Range consist primarily of coldwater salmonids, cottids, and amphibians. This region has a dynamic natural disturbance regime, in which mass failures, debris torrents, fire, and tree-fall are driven by weather but are subject to human alteration. The major land uses in the region are logging, dairy farming, and roads, but there is disagreement concerning the effects of those activities on habitat and fish assemblages. To evaluate those effects, we examined associations among physical and chemical habitat, land use, geomorphology, and aquatic vertebrate assemblage data from a regional survey. In general, those data showed that most variation in aquatic vertebrate assemblage composition and habitat characteristics is predetermined by drainage area, channel slope, and basin lithology, To reveal anthropogenic influences, we first modeled the dominant geomorphic influences on aquatic biotic assemblages and physical habitat in the region. Once those geomorphic controls were factored out, associations with human activities were clarified. Streambed instability and excess fines were associated with riparian disturbance and road density, as was a vertebrate assemblage index of biotic integrity (IBI). Low stream IBI values, reflecting lower abundances of salmonids and other sediment-intolerant and coldwater fish and amphibian taxa, were associated with excess streambed fines, bed instability, higher water temperature, higher dissolved nutrient concentrations, and lack of deep pools and cover complexity. Anthropogenic effects were more pronounced in streams draining erodible sedimentary bedrock than in those draining more resistant volcanic terrain. Our findings suggest that the condition of fish and amphibian assemblages in Coast Range streams would be improved by reducing watershed activities that exacerbate erosion and mass-wasting of sediment; protecting and restoring multilayered structure and large, old trees in riparian zones; and managing landscapes so that large wood is delivered along with sediment in both natural and anthropogenic mass-wasting events. These three measures are likely to increase relative bed stability and decrease excess fines by decreasing sediment inputs and increasing energy-dissipating roughness from in-channel large wood and deep residual pools. Reducing sediment supply and transport to sustainable rates should also ensure adequate future supplies of sediment. In addition, these measures would provide more shade, bankside cover, pool volume, colder water, and more complex habitat structure. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kaufmann, PR (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-76-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2006 VL 48 BP 429 EP 455 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFB89 UT WOS:000240912900021 ER PT J AU Fisher, TR Hagy, JD Boynton, WR Williams, MR AF Fisher, T. R. Hagy, J. D., III Boynton, W. R. Williams, M. R. TI Cultural eutrophication in the Choptank and Patuxent estuaries of Chesapeake Bay SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; LAND-USE; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; NUTRIENT DISCHARGES; MARINE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE; NITROGEN; RIVER AB The Choptank and Patuxent tributaries of Chesapeake Bay have become eutrophic over the last 50-100 years. Systematic monitoring of nutrient inputs began in similar to 1970, and there have been 2-5-fold increases in nitrogen (N) and phosphor-us (P) inputs during 1970-2004 due to sewage discharges, fertilizer applications, atmospheric deposition, and changes in land use. Hydrochemical modeling and land-use yield coefficients suggest that current input rates are 4-20 times higher for N and P than under forested conditions existing 350 yr ago. Sewage is a major cause of increased nutrients in the Patuxent; agricultural inputs dominate in the Choptank. These loading increases have caused three major water-quality problems: (1) increased nutrients, phytoplankton, and turbidity; (2) decreased submerged grasses due to higher turbidity and epiphyton shading; and (3) bottom-water hypoxia due to respiration of excess organic matter. Oxygen in the Patuxent is consistently < 3 mg L-1 in bottom waters in summer, whereas oxygen in Choptank bottom waters has been decreasing for the last 20 yr and is now approaching 3 mg L-1 in wet years. The low N:P of sewage inputs to the Patuxent results in an N-limited, P-saturated system, whereas the Choptank is primarily limited by N, but with P limitation of phytoplankton during spring river flows. Insufficient action has been taken to improve the water and habitat quality of these estuaries, although reduced eutrophication in dry years suggests that both estuaries will respond to significant decreases in nutrients. C1 Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Fisher, TR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012 NR 49 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 11 U2 38 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 435 EP 447 PN 2 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 095GR UT WOS:000241296700009 ER PT S AU Davis, JM Thomas, VM AF Davis, J. Michael Thomas, Valerie M. BE Mehlman, MA Soffritti, M Landrigan, P Bingham, E Belpoggi, F TI Systematic approach to evaluating trade-offs among fuel options: The lessons of MTBE SO LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: FRAMING THE FUTURE IN LIGHT OF THE PAST SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Framing the Future in Light of the Past - Living in a Chemical World CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comuni Carpi, European Ramazzini Fdn, Natl Ramazzini Inst, Collegium Ramazzini DE MTBE; methyl tertiary butyl ether; ethanol; oxygenates; alkylates; risk assessment; life-cycle assessment; multimedia assessment; comparative assessment; comprehensive environmental assessment ID DECISION-ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK; METROPOLITAN-AREA; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; AIR-QUALITY; GROUNDWATER; GASOLINE; ETHANOL AB The fuel additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has been used in an effort to improve air quality in the United States, but other undesirable effects, particularly the contamination of water resources, were eventually judged to outweigh any air quality benefits it may have offered. The experience with MTBE offers many lessons, including the need to evaluate potential positive and negative environmental impacts associated with fuel choices using a comprehensive approach that combines a product life-cycle perspective with the risk assessment paradigm. Such an approach, referred to as "comprehensive environmental assessment" (CEA), is illustrated here by highlighting some of the issues evaluating reformulated gasoline (RFG) produced with MTBE, ethanol, or no oxygenate. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Davis.Jmichael@epa.gov RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009; OI Thomas, Valerie/0000-0002-0968-8863 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-653-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1076 BP 498 EP 515 DI 10.1196/annals.1371.068 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BFH91 UT WOS:000241943500039 PM 17119228 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS AF Parks, C. G. Cooper, G. S. TI Occupational exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the evidence and exposure assessment methods in population- and clinic-based studies SO LUPUS LA English DT Article ID THORACIC LYMPH-NODES; ZEALAND MIXED MICE; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; CD4(+) T-CELLS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; SILICA EXPOSURE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; HEALTHY CONTROLS AB Epidemiologic and experimental research suggests a potential role of occupational exposures in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A plausible association has been identified in studies of occupational silica exposure and SLE, complemented by experimental studies in lupus-prone mice exploring potential mechanisms related to apoptosis and immune dysregulation. Experimental studies of the solvent trichloroethylene in lupus-prone mice provide evidence of effects on immune function, including increased production of autoantibodies and activation of CD4+ T cells. However, few studies of occupational solvent exposure and SLE have been conducted, and those that are available show little evidence of an association. There is some suggestion from the available studies of the potential influence of pesticides on SLE, but as with solvents, the specific type of pesticides that may be implicated is not known. Our understanding of the role of occupational exposures in SLE could be advanced by the development of larger, multisite or parallel studies that utilize similar questionnaire and exposure evaluation methods. Multiple studies using comparable exposure measures are needed to provide sufficient sample size for examining gene-environment interactions. We provide a general overview of data requirements and methods available for the assessment and evaluation of occupational exposures in clinical and population-based studies of SLE. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidmeiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidmeiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cop8@cdc.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 68 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2006 VL 15 IS 11 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.1177/0961203306069346 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 109PU UT WOS:000242321600005 PM 17153843 ER PT S AU Herzog, E Bricka, S Audette, L Rockwell, J AF Herzog, Erik Bricka, Stacey Audette, Lucie Rockwell, Jeffra GP TRB TI Do employee commuter benefits reduce vehicle emissions and fuel consumption? Results of fall 2004 survey of best Workplaces for Commuters SO Management and Public Policy 2006 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB A survey of firms recognized as best workplaces for commuters (BWC) was conducted in the fall of 2004. The purpose of the survey was to determine the difference between the commuting patterns of employees who receive employee commuter benefits, such as those offered by BWCs, and those who do not and to estimate the resulting saving in trips, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and emissions and fuel consumption. Employers recognized as BWCs in the Denver, Colorado; Houston, Texas; San Francisco, California; and Washington, D.C., metropolitan areas were randomly sampled and recruited into the survey with a combination of telephone and e-mail communications. The results of this survey indicated that when employers provide employees with incentives to commute by means other than driving alone, significant percentages take advantage of these benefits. Comprehensive benefits packages such as those enjoyed by commuters in the BWC group, with financial incentives, services (such as a guaranteed ride home and carpool matching), and informational campaigns, appear to produce reductions of trips, VMT, pollutants, and fuel consumption of about 15% even by the use of conservative assumptions. Benefits packages offering services and information but not offering financial incentives appear to produce reductions of about 7% by the use of conservative assumptions. C1 US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NuStats, Austin, TX 78746 USA. RP Herzog, E (reprint author), US EPA, 2000 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09965-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1956 BP 34 EP 41 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFO96 UT WOS:000243523400005 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Feminella, JW AF Fritz, KM Feminella, JW TI Differential response of stream periphyton and invertebrate grazers to habitat modification by the emergent macrophyte Justicia americana SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL LOWLAND STREAM; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; HEADWATER STREAMS; PASTURE GRASS; UPLAND STREAM; NEW-ZEALAND; SALT-MARSH; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH AB An instream experiment was conducted using artificial substrate tiles during summer to examine the relative importance of shading by the emergent macrophyte Justicia americana and top-down control by stream grazers on summer periphyton accrual. Macrophyte treatments included removal of above-ground stems, removal of stems and rhizomes and an unmanipulated control, whereas grazer treatments included snail-accessible and snail-exclusion tiles. Above-ground Justicia structures reduced both sunlight to the stream bed and velocity by almost 50%. Abundance of the dominant snail, Elimia ucheensis (Pleuroceridae), on snail-exclusion tiles was significantly lower than on snail-accessible tiles only during the first week of the experiment; therefore, the barriers were ineffective over the entire experiment. Despite ineffective reductions of Elimia abundance over the entire experiment, periphyton accrual was higher on snail-exclusion than snail-accessible tiles irrespective of macrophyte treatment. Among the macrophyte treatments, periphyton biomass (as ash-free dry mass) was significantly lower on tiles in the unmanipulated control than treatments where Justicia stems were removed. Higher mean differences and relative magnitude of effects were associated with the macrophyte treatments when compared with the grazer treatments. Periphyton appeared to be primarily light-limited by Justicia and secondarily controlled by grazing invertebrates; however, the effects of grazing may have been underestimated because snail-exclusion barriers were ineffective at reducing grazer abundance over the experiment. Removal of Justicia canopy did not result in higher abundance of any invertebrate grazers on tiles; however, the abundance of the freshwater limpet (Ferrissia mcneili) was twice as high on tiles within the more shaded Justicia control sections compared with either of the two open-canopy treatments. Habitat modification by Justicia can negatively affect benthic primary producers and influence the distribution of some, but not all, primary consumers. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King,Mailstop 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1071/MF05121 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 020CN UT WOS:000235885600009 ER PT J AU Chintala, MM Wigand, C Thursby, G AF Chintala, Marnita M. Wigand, Cathleen Thursby, Glen TI Comparison of Geukensia demissa populations in Rhode Island fringe salt marshes with varying nitrogen loads SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE bivalve; nitrogen; population attributes; condition index; indirect effects ID RIBBED MUSSEL; SHORE LEVEL; WAQUOIT BAY; COASTAL WATERSHEDS; ISOTOPE SIGNATURES; BIVALVIA; MASSACHUSETTS; GROWTH; POLLUTION; DYNAMICS AB Increased residential development in coastal watersheds has led to increases in anthropogenic nitrogen inputs into estuaries. Sessile bivalves are good candidate organisms to examine nitrogen enrichment effects on consumers because they contribute significantly to material transport from pelagic to benthic systems. We examined condition index (CI), individual dry weight, density, and total biomass in the ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa (Dillwyn), from 10 marsh sites within Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, subject to varying watershed sub-basin nitrogen loadings. We tested hypotheses that condition and population attributes of G. demissa are driven by watershed sub-basin nitrogen load. There was no clear relationship between the mussel Cl and nitrogen load. G, demissa density and total biomass did increase significantly with increases in nitrogen load. Responses in individual mussel dry weight might be an indirect effect of increased nitrogen loading due to eutrophication-induced changes in food availability. Increased nitrogen loads could be increasing G. demissa food sources, such as Spartina alterniflora detritus, microheterotrophs, particulate organic matter, or phytoplankton, that subsequently translate into higher G. demissa growth and reproduction. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Chintala, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM chintala.marty@epa.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2006 VL 320 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.3354/meps320101 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 092NC UT WOS:000241102800009 ER PT J AU Aeby, GS Santavy, DL AF Aeby, Greta S. Santavy, Deborah L. TI Factors affecting susceptibility of the coral Montastraea faveolata to black-band disease SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE black-band disease; susceptibility; coral; coral injury; coral disease; transmission; vectors; butterflyfish ID FEEDING BUTTERFLYFISHES; CHAETODON-MULTICINCTUS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; REEF; TRANSMISSION; COMPETITION; PREDATION; SELECTION; HAWAIIAN AB Black-band disease affects many species of tropical reef-building corals, but it is unclear what factors contribute to the disease-susceptibility of individual corals or how the disease is transmitted between colonies. Studies have suggested that the ability of black-band disease to infect coral is enhanced by different stressors. We examined the effect of both water temperature and mechanical injury on the ability of this disease to infect the reef coral Montastraea faveolata, and investigated the possibility of an interaction between the 2 stressors. Under laboratory conditions, Phormidium corallyticum was able to successfully invade all injured fragments but no uninjured fragments of M. faveolata, irrespective of temperature regime. We also determined whether the local coral-feeding butterflyfish Chaetodon capistratus was involved in the inter-colony transfer of black-band disease. In aquaria, the presence of C. capistratus increased the rate at which the disease spread from infected to non-infected fragments of M faveolata. Both corals that were protected from and those that were exposed to fish predation contracted the disease. Hence, either direct oral transmission of the pathogen from colony to colony and/or indirect fecal transmission could be occurring. Variables such as potential stressors and/or disease vectors on a reef could contribute to the patterns of black-band disease observed in the field. C1 Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu NR 57 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2006 VL 318 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.3354/meps318103 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 082ER UT WOS:000240370000009 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Eldridge, PM Cifuentes, LA Jones, WB AF Kaldy, James E. Eldridge, Peter M. Cifuentes, Luis A. Jones, W. Brian TI Utilization of DOC from seagrass rhizomes by sediment bacteria: C-13-tracer experiments and modeling SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Thalassia testudinum; stable isotope; DOC; tracer; phospholipid fatty acid; rhizodeposition; carbon flux ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; TESTUDINUM TURTLE GRASS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; COASTAL LAGOON; MESOCOSM EXPERIMENTS; INTERTIDAL SANDFLAT; SUBTROPICAL LAGOON AB Seagrasses are widely recognized as contributing to net ecosystem primary production and to supporting heterotrophy in estuarine systems. We investigated the linkage between seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) rhizosphere carbon exudation and sediment bacteria. In microcosms, we simulated summer conditions and enriched the water column DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) pool with C-13, then followed the tracer into the sediment porewater DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and the bacterial biomarkers (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), Subsequently, we developed an inverse analysis of the seagrass microcosm system and calculated the flux of carbon between biological and geochemical compartments. After 18 d, the bacterial pool was enriched by about Delta + 4 parts per thousand, while the DOC pool was enriched by about Delta + 50 to + 60 parts per thousand. We estimate that about 15 to 30 % of gross primary production was exuded from the root/rhizome and that this accounts for about 41 to 61 % of the carbon required by sediment bacteria. Mineralization of detrital seagrass leaf material or refractory seagrass DOC rhizodeposition may account for the other 38 to 59 % of the bacterial carbon demand. We suggest that the sediment bacteria in the seagrass rhizosphere rapidly utilize labile DOC and, consequently, build up C-13 label in the refractory DOC pool. Our results conclusively show a direct linkage between seagrass carbon exudation and sediment biogeochemical processes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, MS 3146, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kaldy.jim@epa.gov NR 69 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2006 VL 317 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.3354/meps317041 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 075PB UT WOS:000239896600005 ER PT J AU Foran, CM Peterson, B Benson, W AF Foran, Christy M. Peterson, Bethany Benson, William TI Transgenerational reproductive and endocrine response following exposure to the androgen 17-beta-trenbolone SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S227 EP S228 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800152 ER PT J AU Zhu, SQ King, SC Haasch, ML AF Zhu, Shiqian King, Susan Codi Haasch, Mary L. TI Environmental induction of CYP1A-, CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins in tropical fish species by produced formation water on the northwest shelf of Australia SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 13) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Alessandria, ITALY DE CYP1A; CYP2K1; CYP2M1; produced formation water; tropical fish; Australia ID PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; ACID; BLUEGILL; CATFISH AB Normal operation of oil well platforms results in the discharge of "produced formation water" (PFW). The expression of CYP1A, CYP2M1- and 2K1-like proteins was examined for use as possible biomarkers of PFW exposure. A pilot study at the Harriet A production platform, on the Northwest Shelf of Australia, had indicated that PFW contamination possibly contributes to induction of CYP1A- and 2K1/2M1-like proteins in Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus). In a subsequent caged fish study in the same location, Stripey seaperch (Lutjanus carponotatus) were caught at a clean site, then distributed to three caging sites: A (near-field), B (far-field) and C (a non-impacted reference site). Fish were sampled at time T = 0, 3 and 10 days. Significant increases of CYP1A, one CYP2K1- and two CYP2M1-like proteins were noted at Site A at T = 10. For another CYP2K1-like protein, a significant increase was observed at Site A only at T = 3. Prevailing winds changed between days 6 and 8 of sampling, moving the surface water plume directly west, possibly impacting in situ PFW exposure. The results indicate that tropical fish CYPIA protein is sensitive to PFW exposure. Importantly, statistically significant environmental induction of both CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins in tropical fish due to PFW exposure had not previously been described and CYP2 family induction may represent possible new biomarkers (other than CYP1A) of PFW exposure. In addition, the novel fraction-specific response of CYP2K-like proteins requires further verification but offers promise for improved monitoring of sub-lethal responses in marine organisms. (Supported by Australian Institute of Marine Science, Apache Energy Ltd. and the Environmental Toxicology Research Program at The University of Mississippi). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,Environm Toxicol Res Progra, University, MS 38677 USA. Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Haasch, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Mol & Cellular Mech Res Branch, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mlhaasch@olemiss.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S322 EP S326 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.058 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800211 PM 16709434 ER PT J AU Zhu, SQ Oberdorster, E Haasch, ML AF Zhu, Shiqian Oberdorster, Eva Haasch, Mary L. TI Toxicity of an engineered nanoparticle (fullerene, C-60) in two aquatic species, Daphnia and fathead minnow SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 13) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Alessandria, ITALY DE nanotoxicology; fullerene; CYP2; lipid peroxidation; LC50 ID WATER AB Water-soluble fullerene (nC(60)) has been shown to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) in brain of juvenile largemouth bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides) [Oberdorster, E., 2004. Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C-60) induce oxidative stress in brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ. Health Persp. 112, 1058-1062]; and upregulate genes related to the inflammatory response and metabolism, most notably CYP2K4 [Oberdorster, G., Oberdorster, E., Oberdorster, J., 2005. Nano-toxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from 116 studies of ultrafine particles. Environ. Health Persp. 113, 823-839]. The initial study in LMB was performed using tetrahydrofuran (THF)-solubilized nC60, although C60 can also be solubilized by stirring in water. The current study investigates differences in acute toxicity to Daphnia magna between THF-solubilized and water-stirred-nC(60) as a range-find for further assays in adult male fathead minnow (FHM, Pimephales promelas). The daphnia 48-h LC50 for THF-nC(60) was at least one order of magnitude less (0.8 ppm) than that for water-stirred-nC(60) (> 35 ppm). FHM were dosed with either 0.5 ppm of THF- or water-stirred-nC60 for 48 h. There was 100% mortality in the THF-nC(60)-exposed fish between 6 and 18 h, while the water-stirred-nC(60)-exposed fish showed no obvious physical effects after 48 h. Water-stirred-nC(60) elevated LPO in brain, significantly increased LPO in gill, and significantly increased expression of CYP2 family isozymes in liver as compared to control fish. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,Environm Toxicol Res Progra, University, MS 38677 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Biol, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Haasch, ML (reprint author), US EPA, MidContinent Ecol Div, Mol & Cellular Mechanisms Res Branch, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mlhaasch@olemiss.edu NR 10 TC 232 Z9 249 U1 8 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S5 EP S9 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.059 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800003 PM 16709433 ER PT S AU Borchert, KM Galvin, RJS Hale, LV Trask, OJ Nickischer, DR Houck, KA AF Borchert, Kristen M. Galvin, Rachelle J. Sells Hale, Laura V. Trask, O. Joseph Nickischer, Debra R. Houck, Keith A. BE Inglese, J TI Screening for activators of the wingless type/Frizzled pathway by automated fluorescent microscopy SO MEASURING BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES WITH AUTOMATED MICROSCOPY SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN-5; HIGH-BONE-MASS; DRUG DISCOVERY; IN-VITRO; MICE; LRP5; INHIBITORS; MUTATION; CANCER AB Development of means to screen primary human cells rather than established cell lines is important in improving the predictive value of cellular assays in drug discovery. We describe a method of using automated fluorescent microscopy to detect activators of the wingless type/Frizzled (Wnt/Fzd) pathway in primary human preosteoblasts. This technique relies on detection of endogenous beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus as an indicator of pathway activation, requires only a limited number of primary cells, and is robust enough for automation and high-content, high-throughput screening. Identification of activators of the Wnt/Fzd pathway in human preosteoblasts may be useful in providing lead compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis. C1 Becton Dickinson Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Taxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Borchert, KM (reprint author), Becton Dickinson Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182819-0 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2006 VL 414 BP 140 EP 150 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFN15 UT WOS:000243221500009 PM 17110191 ER PT S AU Strauss, CR Varma, RS AF Strauss, Christopher R. Varma, Rajender S. BE Larhed, M Olofsson, K TI Microwaves in green and sustainable chemistry SO MICROWAVE METHODS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS SE Topics in Current Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE solvent-free; microwave; reactor; high-temperature water; reaction conditions ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; ORGANIC-REACTION ENHANCEMENT; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; IONIC LIQUIDS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; IODOBENZENE DIACETATE; ALPHA-TOSYLOXYKETONES; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS AB The various roles of microwave-assisted organic chemistry in green and sustainable chemistry are discussed beginning with the strategies, technologies, and methods that were employed routinely at the time the first reports of microwave applications for organic synthesis appeared. Applications of open-vessel microwave chemistry and closed-vessel microwave chemistry are presented, with sections on solvent-free methods, reactions in high-temperature water, technology for transposing reaction conditions. C1 CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Strauss, CR (reprint author), CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Bayview Ave, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM chris.strauss@csiro.au NR 102 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-1022 BN 3-540-36757-8 J9 TOP CURR CHEM JI Top. Curr. Chem. PY 2006 VL 266 BP 199 EP 231 DI 10.1007/128_060 D2 10.1007/11535799 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BFN13 UT WOS:000243218100006 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Goodman, JH AF Gilbert, Mary E. Goodman, Jeffrey H. BE Pitkanen, A Schwartzkroin, PA Moshe, SL TI Chemical Kindling SO MODELS OF SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIBER SYNAPTIC REORGANIZATION; ANXIOGENIC-LIKE CONSEQUENCES; COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNAS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GABA-A-RECEPTOR; DENTATE GYRUS; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR C1 [Gilbert, Mary E.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Goodman, Jeffrey H.] Helen Hayes Hosp, Ctr Neural Recovery & Rehabil Res, W Haverstraw, NY USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 155 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-045702-4 PY 2006 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1016/B978-012088554-1/50033-5 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BCT46 UT WOS:000311355400033 ER PT J AU Chen, JG Kinyamu, HK Archer, TK AF Chen, JG Kinyamu, HK Archer, TK TI Changes in attitude, changes in latitude: Nuclear receptors remodeling chromatin to regulate transcription SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HISTONE DEACETYLASE COMPLEXES; MAMMALIAN SWI/SNF COMPLEXES; TUMOR VIRUS PROMOTER; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; GENE-EXPRESSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR AB Nuclear receptors ( NRs) are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate important physiological processes. To activate or repress genes assembled naturally as chromatin, NRs recruit two distinct enzymatic activities, namely histone-modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, to alter local chromatin structure at target gene promoters. In this review, we examine the functional relationship between ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and NRs in the context of transcriptional regulation. Using the steroid-responsive mouse mammary tumor virus promoter as a model system, we discuss in detail the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of these complexes and subsequent chromatin structure changes catalyzed by this group of enzymes. In addition, we extend the discussion to other NR-regulated promoters including the pS2 promoter. Finally, we summarize specific principles governing this critical relationship, identify unanswered questions and discuss the potential application of these principles in rational drug design. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD E4-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov NR 111 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1210/me.2005-0192 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 997FH UT WOS:000234230000001 PM 16002433 ER PT J AU Mundy, WR Freudenrich, TM AF Mundy, WR Freudenrich, TM TI Apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells induced by organotin compounds found in drinking water: Involvement of MAP kinases SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organotins; apoptosis; cerebellar granule cells; MAP kinase ID DI-NORMAL-OCTYLTINDICHLORIDE; RAT CORTICAL-NEURONS; C-JUN; PROTEIN-KINASE; LOW POTASSIUM; IN-VITRO; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GROWTH-FACTOR AB Mono- and dialkyl organotin compounds are used primarily as heat stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Recently, monomethyltin (MMT), dimethyltin (DMT), monobutyltin (MBT), and dibutyltin (DBT) have been detected in water from homes and businesses served by PVC pipes. While trialkyl organotins such as trimethyltin (TMT) and triethyltin (TET) are well known neurotoxicants. the toxicity of the mono- and dialkyl organotins is not well described. The present study compared the cytotoxicity of organotins found in drinking water with the known neurotoxicant TMT in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells, and examined the role of MAP kinase signaling in organotin-induced cell death. Twenty-four hour exposure to TMT resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability with an EC50 of 3 mu M. Exposure to MMT, DMT, and MBT at concentrations up to 10 mu M had no effect. DBT, however, was very potent, and decreased cell viability with an EC50 of 0.3 mu M. Staining of organotin-treated cerebellar granule cells with the nuclear dye Syto-13 revealed that TMT and DBT. but not MMT, DMT, or MBT, produced condensation and fragmentation of chromatin characteristic of apoptosis. TMT- and DBT-induced apoptosis was confirmed using TUNEL staining and measurement of PARP cleavage. Activation of MAP kinase pathways was examined after 6 h of exposure to the organotins which induced apoptosis. Both TMT and DBT activated ERK1/2, but only TMT activated the JNK/c-Jun and p38 pathways. Pharmacologic blockade of JNK/c-Jun and p38 activation significantly decreased apoptosis produced by TMT, but not by DBT. These results show that DBT is a potent neurotoxicant in vitro, but unlike TMT, does not induce cell death via activation of MAP kinase signaling Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.07.007 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 003BT UT WOS:000234657300009 PM 16181675 ER PT J AU Basha, MR Braddy, NS Zawia, NH Kodavanti, PRS AF Basha, MR Braddy, NS Zawia, NH Kodavanti, PRS TI Ontogenetic alterations in prototypical transcription factors in the rat cerebellum and hippocampus following perinatal exposure to a commercial PCB mixture SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Neurotoxicology Conference CY FEB 10-14, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI DE polychlorinated biphenyls; nuclear transcription factors; brain development; cerebellum; hippocampus ID NF-KAPPA-B; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; UPSTATE NEW-YORK; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-BINDING; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CALCIUM STORES AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are prevalent in the environment despite the ban of their use for decades and offer a model system to understand developmental neurotoxicity of persistent pollutants. Disturbances in brain development and cognition are among the neurotoxic manifestations of PCBs. The cellular and molecular basis for PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity is still unclear; however, a series of in vitro and some in vivo studies have revealed that the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+ mediated signal transduction play a significant role. The culminating event in a variety of signal transduction pathways is the regulation of gene expression. Therefore, we examined the DNA-binding of prototypical transcription factors in order to identify those that are involved in signal transduction-transcription coupling in the cerebellum and hippocampus of developing rat brains following exposure to a commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254. Pregnant rats (Long Evans) were exposed perinatally to 0 or 6 mg/kg/day of Aroclor 1254 (Accu Standard Inc., Lot # 124-19 1) from gestational day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21. On specific time points such as days 7, 14, 2 1, and 60, the DNA-binding of various transcription factors (Sp1, AP-1, NF-kappa B and CREB) was monitored in the cerebellum and hippocampus by a gel mobility shift assay. The induction of DNA-binding of transcription factors was more pronounced during the first 2 weeks after birth than at later periods. Sp1, AP1, and NF-kappa B exhibited a significant increase in DNA-binding following PCB exposure and peaked between 7 and 14 days after birth. However, the DNA-binding activity of CREB remained unchanged. These distinct changes delineate the involvement of specific transduction-transcription coupling pathways that may mediate PCB-induced perturbations in developmental gene expression. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed Sci & Pharmaceut, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Savannah State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08104] NR 70 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.07.006 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 003BT UT WOS:000234657300014 PM 16159668 ER PT J AU Ehman, KD Moser, VC AF Ehman, KD Moser, VC TI Evaluation of cognitive function in weanling rats: A review of methods suitable for chemical screening SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cognition; developmental neurotoxicity; weanling; rodents ID MORRIS WATER MAZE; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY EVALUATION; PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; AMYGDALOID CHOLINERGIC MEDIATION; SPONTANEOUS-ALTERNATION BEHAVIOR; HIPPOCAMPO-ENTORHINAL ATROPINE; CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; LONG-TERM RETENTION; YOUNG-RATS AB Current developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) tests that are used for environmental agents require cognitive testing around the age of weaning as well as adulthood. There are challenges associated with testing weanling rodents that are not present with testing older subjects, including rapid brain development, and the impact of food or water restriction necessary for appetitive paradigms. This review provides an overview of cognitive tests that can be used for laboratory rodents in the context of such DNT studies; as such, those requiring surgery or food/water deprivation are excluded. Potential test methods described herein include spontaneous, avoidance, conditioned, spatial, and sequential behavioral assays; although, some procedures meet scientific and regulatory requirements better than others. Scientific judgment should be exercised in the choice of cognitive measures for weanling rodents in DNT studies, and should include an assessment of the sensitivity and efficiency of the procedure, an understanding of the literature and the neuronal substrates involved, and evaluation of available information on the mode(s) of action of the test chemical. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, NTD, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, NHEERL ORD, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 147 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 144 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.12.002 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 022QA UT WOS:000236069500015 PM 16414243 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Lee, EH Waschmann, R Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT AF Tingey, DT Lee, EH Waschmann, R Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT TI Does soil CO2 efflux acclimatize to elevated temperature and CO2 during long-term treatment of Douglas-fir seedlings? SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii); elevated CO2; global change; soil respiration; soil warming ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN ALLOCATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SEASONAL PATTERNS; ROOT RESPIRATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; WATER CONTENT; RESPONSES; PLANT AB We investigated the effects of elevated soil temperature and atmospheric CO2 on soil CO2 efflux (SCE) during the third and fourth years of study. We hypothesized that elevated temperature would stimulate SCE, and elevated CO2 would also stimulate SCE with the stimulation being greater at higher temperatures. The study was conducted in sun-lit controlled-environment chambers using Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings grown in reconstructed litter-soil systems. We used a randomized design with two soil temperature and two atmospheric CO2 treatments. The SCE was measured every 4 wk for 18 months. Neither elevated temperature nor CO2 stimulated SCE. Elevated CO2 increased the temperature sensitivity of SCE. During the winter, the relationship between SCE and soil moisture was negative but it was positive during the summer. The seasonal patterns in SCE were associated with seasonal changes in photosynthesis and above-ground plant growth. SCE acclimatized in the high-temperature treatment, probably because of a loss of labile soil carbon. Elevated CO2 treatment increased the temperature sensitivity of SCE, probably through an increase in substrate availability. C1 US EPA, Westen Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Johnson, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Westen Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM johnson.markg@epa.gov NR 56 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01646.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 017ZE UT WOS:000235731300013 PM 16539608 ER PT J AU Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT Tingey, DT Phillips, DL AF Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT Tingey, DT Phillips, DL TI Elevated CO2 and elevated temperature have no effect on Douglas-fir fine-root dynamics in nitrogen-poor soil SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; elevated temperature; Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii); minirhizotrons; global change; fine roots; root dynamics; root production and mortality ID RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LIFE-SPAN; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; ALLOCATION; PLANT AB Here, we investigate fine-root production, mortality and standing crop of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 and elevated air temperature. We hypothesized that these treatments would increase fine-root production, but that mortality would be greater under elevated temperature, leading to a smaller increase in standing crop. Seedlings were grown in outdoor, sun-lit controlled-environment chambers containing native soil. They were exposed in a factorial design to two levels of atmospheric CO2 and two levels of air temperature. Minirhizotron methods were used to measure fine-root length production, mortality and standing crop every 4 wk for 36 months. Neither elevated atmospheric CO2 nor elevated air temperature affected fine-root production, mortality, or standing crop. Fine roots appeared to root deeper in the soil profile under elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. Low soil nitrogen (N) levels apparently limited root responses to the treatments. This suggests that forests on nutrient-poor soils may exhibit limited fine-root responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 and elevated air temperature. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Johnson, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM johnson.markg@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 57 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2006 VL 170 IS 2 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01658.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 025EN UT WOS:000236248200016 PM 16608459 ER PT J AU Cicchetti, G AF Cicchetti, Giancarlo TI Fisheries in Mount Hope Bay: Notes on a special symposium from a session moderator SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science in Mount Hope Bay CY MAY, 2003 CL Fairhaven, MA AB This contribution represents a summary of talks presented during the afternoon session of the Mount Hope Bay Symposium, focused directly on issues surrounding observed winter flounder populations, as prepared by the session moderator. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cicchetti, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cicchetti.giancarlo@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2006 VL 13 SI 4 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244LQ UT WOS:000251867800003 ER PT J AU Harrigan, JA Wilson, DM Prasad, R Opresko, PL Beck, G May, A Wilson, SH Bohr, VA AF Harrigan, JA Wilson, DM Prasad, R Opresko, PL Beck, G May, A Wilson, SH Bohr, VA TI The Werner syndrome protein operates in base excision repair and cooperates with DNA polymerase beta SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-1; HELICASE ACTIVITY; STRAND BREAKS; CELLS; DAMAGE; WRN; EXONUCLEASE; RECOMBINATION; CYTOTOXICITY AB Genome instability is a characteristic of cancer and aging, and is a hallmark of the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome (WS). Evidence suggests that the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) contributes to the maintenance of genome integrity through its involvement in DNA repair. In particular, biochemical evidence indicates a role for WRN in base excision repair (BER). We have previously reported that WRN helicase activity stimulates DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) strand displacement synthesis in vitro. In this report we demonstrate that WRN exonuclease activity can act cooperatively with pol beta, a polymerase lacking 3'-5' proofreading activity. Furthermore, using small interference RNA technology, we demonstrate that WRN knockdown cells are hypersensitive to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate, which creates DNA damage that is primarily repaired by the BER pathway. In addition, repair assays using whole cell extracts from WRN knockdown cells indicate a defect in long patch (LP) BER. These findings demonstrate that WRN plays a direct role in the repair of methylation-induced DNA damage, and suggest a role for both WRN helicase and exonuclease activities together with pol beta during LP BER. C1 NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bohr, VA (reprint author), NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM vbohr@nih.gov OI Opresko, Patricia/0000-0002-6470-2189 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [AG03141]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM01604] NR 45 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 745 EP 754 DI 10.1093/nar/gkj475 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 011TO UT WOS:000235291300043 PM 16449207 ER PT J AU Hammond, R AF Hammond, R TI Even if it is snake oil, you'll still feel pretty good SO ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Reg 4, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hammond, R (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 4, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM rhamm123@bellsouth.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 213 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-4007 USA SN 0146-5422 J9 ONLINE JI Online PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 997TQ UT WOS:000234271500002 ER PT S AU Yang, YJ Haught, RC Hall, J Goodrich, JA Hasan, J AF Yang, Y. Jeffrey Haught, Roy C. Hall, John Goodrich, James A. Hasan, Jafrul BE Saito, TT Lehrfeld, D TI Adaptive monitoring to enhance water sensor capabilities for chemical and biological contaminant detection in drinking water systems - art. no. 62030K SO Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security II CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE early warning system; sensor detection; adaptive monitoring; water security; sensor response signatures; detection false rate ID AGENTS; RICIN; IMMUNOSENSOR; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; BIOSENSORS; ACID AB Optoelectronic and other conventional water quality sensors offer a potential for real-time online detection of chemical and biological contaminants in a drinking water supply and distribution system. The nature of the application requires sensors of detection capabilities at low contaminant concentrations, for continuous data acquisition and management, and with reduced background noise and low false detection rates for a wide spectrum of contaminants. To meet these application requirements, feasibilities of software-based methods were examined and a novel technique was developed using adaptive monitoring and contaminant detection methodologies. This new monitoring and early detection framework relies on the local adaptive and network adaptive sensors in order to reduce background noise interference and enhance contaminant peak identifications. After "noise" reduction, the sensor measurements can be assembled and analyzed for temporal, spatial and inter-parameter relationships. Further detection reliability improvement is accomplished through signal interpretation in term of chemical signatures and in consideration of contaminant fate and transport in pipe flows. Based on this integrated adaptive approach, a data statistical compression technique can be used to process and reduce the sensor onboard data for background variations, which frequently represent a bulk of inflowing data stream. The adaptive principles and methodology were examined using a pilot-scale distribution simulator at the U.S. EPA Test & Evaluation facility. Preliminary results indicate the research and development activities on adaptive monitoring may lead to the emergence of a practical drinking water online detection system. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6259-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6203 BP K2030 EP K2030 AR 62030K DI 10.1117/12.665358 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BES53 UT WOS:000239297300014 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF Kitchin, KT AF Hughes, Michael F. Kitchin, Kirk T. BE Singh, KK TI Arsenic, Oxidative Stress, and Carcinogenesis SO OXIDATIVE STRESS, DISEASE AND CANCER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); METHYLATED TRIVALENT ARSENICALS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HEME OXYGENASE INDUCTION; FORM POSITIVE FOCI; MALE F344 RATS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; DNA-DAMAGE C1 [Hughes, Michael F.; Kitchin, Kirk T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, MD-74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 141 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86094-804-6 PY 2006 BP 825 EP 850 DI 10.1142/9781860948046_0029 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Pathology GA BZB84 UT WOS:000301060300030 ER PT S AU Elkahloun, AG Powers, JF Nyska, A Etsenhofer, G Tischler, AS AF Elkahloun, Abdel G. Powers, James F. Nyska, Abraham Etsenhofer, Graeme Tischler, Arthur S. BE Pacak, K Eisenhofer, G TI Gene expression profiling of rat pheochromocytoma SO PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Pheochromocytoma CY OCT 20-23, 2005 CL Bethesda, MD SP NIH DE pheochromocytoma; phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; ret proto-oncogene; microarray; heat-shock proteins ID CELL-LINES; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION AB Sporadic and syndrome-associated human pheochromocytomas exhibit a spectrum of common and distinctive phenotypic markers. Animal models may contribute to understanding of common denominators leading to development and progression of pheochromocytoma, and to mechanisms that underlie distinctive phenotypes. Rat pheochromocytomas are common, in contrast to their human counterparts, and their frequency is increased by a variety of genotoxic or nongenotoxic agents. Toxicological studies of rats are therefore a potentially rich source of information on pheochromocytoma biology. To compare the molecular profiles of rat and human pheochromocytomas and to identify pathways potentially involved in pathogenesis of rat pheochromocytomas, we conducted a gene expression profiling study comparing 31 pheochromocytomas obtained from the National Toxicology Program to normal adult rat adrenal medulla. The microarray chips were generated from 31,769-oligomer set representing over 27,200 unique Mouse Ensembl genes. The analysis showed over 1,900 genes that were up- or downregulated in the tumors. More than half of the former are involved in protein synthesis and signal transduction, including oncogenes of the RAS family and several heat shock proteins and chaperones. Downregulated genes included receptors and tumor-suppressor genes, including NF2 and Dmbt1. Specific genes related to neuroendocrine function were either upregulated or downregulated in subsets of tumors. Cross-comparison with a human pheochromocytoma database showed greater than 60% correlation. Results of this study reveal both generic and specific parallels between rat and human pheochromocytomas. C1 NHGRI, Genome Technol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NINDS, Clin Neurocardiol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Elkahloun, AG (reprint author), NHGRI, Genome Technol Branch, NIH, Bldg 50,50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM abdel@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [CA48017] NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-597-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1073 BP 290 EP 299 DI 10.1196/annals.1353.033 PG 10 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFD27 UT WOS:000241140400032 PM 17102098 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC Gartner, BL Warren, JM Woodruff, DR Bible, K Shaw, DC AF Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC Gartner, BL Warren, JM Woodruff, DR Bible, K Shaw, DC TI Dynamics of water transport and storage in conifers studied with deuterium and heat tracing techniques SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla; capacitance; sap velocity; stable isotopes ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS TREES; SAP FLOW; TROPICAL FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STORED WATER; PULSE METHOD AB The volume and complexity of their vascular systems make the dynamics of long-distance water transport in large trees difficult to study. We used heat and deuterated water (D2O) as tracers to characterize whole-tree water transport and storage properties in individual trees belonging to the coniferous species Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. The trees used in this study spanned a broad range of height (13.5-58 m) and diameter (0.14-1.43 m). Sap flow was monitored continuously with heat dissipation probes near the base of the trunk prior to, during and following injection of D2O. The transit time for D2O transport from the base of the trunk to the upper crown and the tracer residence time were determined by measuring hydrogen isotope ratios in water extracted from leaves sampled at regular intervals. Transit times for arrival of D2O in the upper crown ranged from 2.5 to 21 d and residence times ranged from 36 to 79 d. Estimates of maximum sap velocity derived from tracer transit times and path length ranged from 2.4 to 5.4 m d(-1). Tracer residence time and half-life increased as tree diameter increased, independent of species. Species-independent scaling of tracer velocity with sapwood-specific conductivity was also observed. When data from this study were combined with similar data from an earlier study of four tropical angiosperm trees, species-independent scaling of tracer velocity and residence time with sapwood hydraulic capacitance was observed. Sapwood capacitance is an intrinsic tissue-level property that appears to govern whole-tree water transport in a similar manner among both tracheid- and vessel-bearing species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Res Facil, Carson, WA 98610 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 43 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01404.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991JA UT WOS:000233808100010 PM 17086757 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Warren, JM Domec, JC Coulombe, R AF Brooks, JR Meinzer, FC Warren, JM Domec, JC Coulombe, R TI Hydraulic redistribution in a Douglas-fir forest: lessons from system manipulations SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; deuterium labelling; hydraulic lift; seasonal variation; soil water utilization; soil water potential; trenching; water transport ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SOIL-WATER; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PONDEROSA PINE; PREDAWN PLANT; DEEP ROOTS; SAP FLOW; LIFT; PATTERNS AB Hydraulic redistribution (HR) occurs in many ecosystems; however, key questions remain about its consequences at the ecosystem level. The objectives of the present study were to quantify seasonal variation in HR and its driving force, and to manipulate the soil-root system to elucidate physiological components controlling HR and utilization of redistributed water. In the upper soil layer of a young Douglas-fir forest, HR was negligible in early summer, but increased to 0.17 mm day(-1) (20-60 cm layer) by late August when soil water potential was approximately -1 MPa. When maximum HR rates were observed, redistributed water replenished approximately 40% of the water depleted from the upper soil on a daily basis. Manipulations to the soil or to the soil/plant water potential driving force altered the rate of observed HR indicating that the rate of HR is controlled by a complex interplay between competing soil and plant water potential gradients and pathway resistances. Separating roots from the transpiring tree resulted in increased HR, and sap flow measurements on connected and disconnected roots showed reversal of water flow, a prerequisite for HR. Irrigating a small plot with deuterated water demonstrated that redistributed water was taken up by small understorey plants as far as 5 m from the watering source, and potentially further, but the utilization pattern was patchy. HR in the upper soil layers near the watering plot was twice that of the control HR. This increase in HR also increased the amount of water utilized by plants from the upper soil. These results indicate that the seasonal timing and magnitude of HR was strongly governed by the development of water potential differences within the soil, and the competing demand for water by the above ground portion of the tree. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, KNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 NR 47 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 138 EP 150 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01409.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991JA UT WOS:000233808100013 PM 17086760 ER PT J AU Shure, DJ Phillips, DL Bostick, PE AF Shure, Donald J. Phillips, Donald L. Bostick, P. Edward TI Gap size and succession in cutover southern Appalachian forests: an 18 year study of vegetation dynamics SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; forest recovery; net primary productivity; patch size; sprouting; temperate deciduous forest ID LOCUST ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; PATCH-SIZE; PHASE REGENERATION; CATASTROPHIC WIND; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HARDWOOD FOREST AB We used clearcut logging in establishing four replicated sizes of canopy openings (0.016, 0.08, 0.4, and 2.0 ha) in a southern Appalachian hardwood forest in 1981 to examine the long-term effects of disturbance size on plant community structure, biomass accumulation, aboveground net primary productivity (NPP), and mode of recovery. The reestablishment of NPP and biomas following logging was 6-7-fold greater in large than small openings by 17 years. Total biomass in the 2.0 ha openings (127.3 Mg ha(-1)) recovered 59.5% as NPP (19.7 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) reached 225% of precut forest levels. Biomass accumulation was 2.6-3.6-fold greater in interior than edge locations of all but the 0.016 ha gaps. The absence of significant patch size or edge vs. interior differences in tree densities suggests that growth rates of individual trees were enhanced in more insolated microenvironments. Sprouting (86-95% of tree NPP) was much more important than advance regeneration (4-10%) or seedling germination (< 2%) during early recovery in all opening sizes. Canopy dominant Quercus and Carya trees exhibited limited sprouting following disturbance. Instead, shade-intolerant Robinia pseudoacacia and Liriodendron tulipifera were major sprouters that used N-fixation (Robinia) and rapid growth (Liriodendron) in attaining 7.4 and 5.9 fold greater biomass accumulation, respectively in 2.0 ha than 0.016 ha opening sizes. Seedling germination and understory production were extensive in all openings following logging, but declined rapidly as the young tree canopy began closing by 4-6 years. The relative importance of shade-intolerant tree biomass approximately doubled over 17 years as shade-tolerant tree seedlings, herbs, and shrubs gradually regained importance under the emerging canopy. Sprouting caused the persistence of a tree species composition in all openings that remained relatively similar to the precut forest. Large disturbances on mountain slopes of the southern Appalachians generally promote sprouting and rapid recovery, whereas small disturbances in low-elevation cove forests lead to a gradual recovery through seedling germination and/or advance regeneration. Continued logging in the southern Appalachians will increase the relative size and frequency of large disturbances, further the importance of sprouting of shade-intolerant species, and lead to more even-aged forest stands throughout the region. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Shure, DJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM dshure@biology.emory.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 81 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PY 2006 VL 185 IS 2 BP 299 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9105-8 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 073RP UT WOS:000239760600010 ER PT S AU Omelchuck, J Katz, J Rifer, W Salazar, V Elwood, H AF Omelchuck, Jeff Katz, John Rifer, Wayne Salazar, Viccy Elwood, Holly GP IEEE Computer Society TI The implementation of EPEAT: Electronic product environmental assessment tool the implementation of an environmental rating system of electronic products for governmental/institutional procurement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRONICS & THE ENVIRONMENT, CONFERENCE RECORD SE IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment-ISEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (ISEE)/7th Electronics Recycling Summit CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCEE, Int Assoc Elect Recyclers DE EPEAT; green purchasing; eco labels AB EPEAT has progressed deep into the implementation phase since the 2005 ISEE paper described the intended tool. The environmental standard, by the time of the 2006 Symposium, will have been adopted as an American National Standard by IEEE IEEE 1680. The Host Organization - Green Electronics Council that will implement the product registration and verification system will have been established. The system, after a three-year development cycle, will go live in June of 2006. EPEAT is a tool for evaluating the environmental performance of electronic products throughout their life cycle that was designed and developed through a multi-stakeholder process. The process was initiated to meet the large and growing demand by large institutional purchasers to buy greener products. Months before it is operational, it has been demonstrated that EPEAT has gained wide acceptance in information technology (IT) purchasing by federal and state governments. This ISEE paper will describe in detail how the EPEAT system, composed of both the IEEE Standard and the implementing organization, are responding to, and influencing, the institutional purchasing market. The results of surveys of government and institutional purchasers that demonstrate a strong market acceptance, even prior to implementation, will be presented. In addition, future challenges and opportunities for the EPEAT program will be discussed. C1 [Omelchuck, Jeff] Green Elect Council, EPEAT Program Manager, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Katz, John] US Environm Protect Agcy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Rifer, Wayne] Rifer Environm, EPEAT Project Manage, San Francisco, CA 94123 USA. [Salazar, Viccy] US Environm Protect Agcy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Elwood, Holly] US Environm Protect Agcy, Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 98101 USA. RP Omelchuck, J (reprint author), Green Elect Council, EPEAT Program Manager, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2020 BN 1-4244-0351-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELECTR PY 2006 BP 100 EP + DI 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650042 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEV84 UT WOS:000239657400021 ER PT J AU Grange, AH Zumwalt, MC Sovocool, GW AF Grange, AH Zumwalt, MC Sovocool, GW TI Determination of ion and neutral loss compositions and deconvolution of product ion mass spectra using an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer and an ion correlation program SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ACCURATE MASS; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PESTICIDES; POLLUTANTS; WATER AB Exact masses of monoisotopic ions, and the relative isotopic abundances (RIAs) of ions greater in mass by 1 and 2 Da than the monoisotopic ion, are independent and complementary physical properties useful for distinguishing among elemental compositions of ions possible for a given nominal mass. Using these properties to determine elemental compositions of product ions and neutral losses increases the masses of precursor ions for which unique compositions can be determined. Compositions of the precursor ion, product ion, and neutral loss aid mass spectral interpretation and guide modest chemical literature searches for candidate standards to be obtained for confirmation of tentative compound identifications. This approach is essential for compound characterization or identification due to the absence of commercial libraries of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) product ion spectra. For a series of 34 exact mass measurements, an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer provided 34 and 29 values accurate to within 2 and 1 mDa, respectively, for ions from eight simulated unknowns with [M+H](+) ion masses between 166 and 319 Da. Of 36 RIA measurements f or +1 Da or +2 Da ions, 35 were accurate to within 20% of their predicted values (or to within 0.4 RIA % when the RIA value was less than 1%) in the absence of obvious interferences, in cases where the monoisotopic ion peak areas were at least 1.7 x 105 counts and the ion masses exceeded 141 Da. An ion correlation program (ICP) provided the unique and correct compositions for all but three of the 34 ions studied. Manual inspection of the data eliminated the incorrect compositions. To test the utility of the ICP for deconvoluting composite product ion spectra, all 34 ions were tested for correlation. Six of eight precursor ions were identified as such, while two were compositional subsets of others and were not properly identified. The six precursor ion compositions were still found by the ICP even though ions with masses less than 158Da were not considered since they could no longer be correlated with a single precursor ion. Finally, two unidentified analytes were characterized, based on data published by others and using the ICP together with mass spectral interpretation. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, NERL, Environm Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Agilent Technol, Englewood, CO 80155 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Environm Sci Div, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1002/rcm.2277 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 003PG UT WOS:000234693500004 PM 16331746 ER PT S AU Williams, DJ Wadsworth, W Salvaggio, C Messinger, DW AF Williams, David J. Wadsworth, Winthrop Salvaggio, Carl Messinger, David W. BE CHu, A Szykman, J Kondragunta, S TI A hybrid thermal video and FTIR spectrometer system for rapidly locating and characterizing gas leaks - art. no. 62990O SO Remote Sensing of Aerosol and Chemical Gases, Model Simulation / Assimilation, and Applications to Air Quality SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Aerosol and Chemical Gases, Model Simulation/Assimilation, and Applications to Air Quality CY AUG 13-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gas detection; FTIR; thermography; infrared; spectroscopy ID PLUMES AB Undiscovered gas leaks, known as fugitive emissions, in chemical plants and refinery operations can impact regional air quality and present a loss of product for industry. Surveying a facility for potential gas leaks can be a daunting task. Industrial leak detection and repair programs can be expensive to administer. An efficient, accurate and cost effective method for detecting and quantifying gas leaks would both save industries money by identifying production losses and improve regional air quality. Specialized thermal video systems have proven effective in rapidly locating gas leaks. These systems, however, do not have the spectral resolution for compound identification. Passive FTIR spectrometers can be used for gas compound identification, but using these systems for facility surveys is problematic due to their small field of view. A hybrid approach has been developed that utilizes the thermal video system to locate gas plumes using real time visualization of the leaks, coupled with the high spectral resolution FTIR spectrometer for compound identification and quantification. The prototype hybrid video/spectrometer system uses a sterling cooled thermal camera, operating in the MWIR (3-5 mu m) with an additional notch filter set at around 3.4 mu m, which allows for the visualization of gas compounds that absorb in this narrow spectral range, such as alkane hydrocarbons. This camera is positioned alongside of a portable, high speed passive FTIR spectrometer, which has a spectral range of 2 - 25 mu m and operates at 4 cm(-1) resolution. This system uses a 10 cm telescope foreoptic with an onboard blackbody for calibration. The two units are optically aligned using a turning mirror on the spectrometer's telescope with the video camera's output. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Williams, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6378-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6299 BP O2990 EP O2990 AR 62990O DI 10.1117/12.679579 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BFI36 UT WOS:000241988200012 ER PT S AU Rosen, R Chu, A Szykman, JJ DeYoung, R Al-Saadi, JA Kaduwela, A Bohnenkamp, C AF Rosen, Rebecca Chu, Allen Szykman, James J. DeYoung, Russell Al-Saadi, J. A. Kaduwela, Ajith Bohnenkamp, Carol BE CHu, A Szykman, J Kondragunta, S TI Application of satellite data for three-dimensional monitoring of PM(2.5) formation and transport in San Joaquin Valley, California SO REMOTE SENSING OF AEROSOL AND CHEMICAL GASES, MODEL SIMULATION / ASSIMILATION, AND APPLICATIONS TO AIR QUALITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Aerosol and Chemical Gases, Model Simulation/Assimilation, and Applications to Air Quality CY AUG 13-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; aerosol optical depth; PM(2.5); lidar; San Joaquin Valley ID AIR-QUALITY; AEROSOL AB High resolution (5 x 5 km(2) horizontal resolution) retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard NASA's Aqua and Terra satellite platforms have been examined. These data products have been compared to coincident, hourly measurements of ground-based PM(2.5) routinely obtained by the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJV APCD) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) and to airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) aerosol scattering measurements obtained by NASA in July 2003 in San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Comparison of MODIS AOD to ground based PM(2.5) measurement shows significant improvement for the higher resolution MODIS AOD. Lidar aerosol scattering measurements correspond well to MODIS AOD during a variety of atmospheric conditions, and throughout the SJV. Future lidar measurements are proposed to establish a high resolution vertical link between satellite and ground-based measurements during the winter. With the data from these two episodes, we plan to characterize the horizontal, vertical, and temporal distribution Of PM(2.5) in SJV and evaluate the need for future intensive ground-based measurement and modeling studies in SJV. C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94618 USA. RP Rosen, R (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 9,75 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA 94618 USA. RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6378-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6299 AR 629904 DI 10.1117/12.681649 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BFI36 UT WOS:000241988200003 ER PT B AU McGarity, TO AF McGarity, Thomas O. BE Wagner, W Steinzor, R TI Defending Clean Science from Dirty Attacks by Special Interests SO RESCUING SCIENCE FROM POLITICS: REGULATION AND THE DISTORTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SMOKE C1 [McGarity, Thomas O.] Univ Kansas, Sch Law, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [McGarity, Thomas O.] US EPA, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-54009-4 PY 2006 BP 24 EP 45 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511751776.004 D2 10.2277/ 0521855209 PG 22 WC Law; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYI23 UT WOS:000298914400004 ER PT S AU Nwachuku, N Gerba, CP AF Nwachuku, N Gerba, CP BE Ware, GW TI Health risks of enteric viral infections in children SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 186 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; WATERBORNE GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAK; ROTAVIRUS IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; NEONATAL ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NESTED PCR AMPLIFICATION; TYPE-1 DIABETES-MELLITUS C1 US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nwachuku, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 4304T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 260 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 0-387-29024-9 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 186 BP 1 EP 56 DI 10.1007/0-387-32883-1_1 PG 56 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BEE54 UT WOS:000236941500001 PM 16676900 ER PT B AU Jones, KB Neale, AC Wade, TG Cross, CL Wickham, JD Nash, MS Edmonds, CM Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Van Remortel, RD AF Jones, K. Bruce Neale, Anne C. Wade, Timothy G. Cross, Chad L. Wickham, James D. Nash, Maliha S. Edmonds, Curtis M. Riitters, Kurt H. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. Van Remortel, Rick D. BE Wu, J Jones, KB Li, H Loucks, OL TI Multiscale relationships between landscape characteristics and nitrogen concentrations in streams SO SCALING AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS IN ECOLOGY: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology CY SEP 17-19, 2002 CL Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ HO Arizona State Univ ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-COVER DATA; WATER-QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; FISH COMMUNITIES; RIVER BASINS; NUTRIENT; ECOREGIONS C1 [Jones, K. Bruce] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. FU U.S. Forest Service for contributing STORET; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The authors would like to thank the EPAs Office of Research and Development (ORD) for support of this research. We thank Carolyn Hunsaker of the U.S. Forest Service for contributing STORET water quality data used in this study. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4662-6 PY 2006 BP 205 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4663-4_11 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEJ04 UT WOS:000237411700011 ER PT B AU Wickham, JD Jones, KB Wade, TG Riitters, KH AF Wickham, James D. Jones, K. Bruce Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. BE Wu, J Jones, KB Li, H Loucks, OL TI Uncertainty in scaling nutrient export coefficients SO SCALING AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS IN ECOLOGY: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology CY SEP 17-19, 2002 CL Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ HO Arizona State Univ ID PHOSPHORUS EXPORT; NITROGEN BUDGET; COASTAL-PLAIN; WATERSHEDS; RIVER; DENITRIFICATION; ECOLOGY C1 [Wickham, James D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4662-6 PY 2006 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4663-4_12 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEJ04 UT WOS:000237411700012 ER PT S AU Olexsey, RA Parker, RA AF Olexsey, Robert A. Parker, Randy A. BE Twardowska, I Allen, HE Haggblom, MM Stefaniak, S TI CURRENT AND FUTURE IN SITU TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE REMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL, SEDIMENTS, AND GROUNDWATER SO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION MONITORING, PROTECTION AND REMEDIATION SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Viable Methods of Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Cracow, POLAND SP NATO DE Innovative cleanup technologies; SITE Program; in situ treatment; clean up of DNAPLs; sediment remediation; mine waste treatment; future research; performance and costs of clean up AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD) is the scientific research arm of EPA. ORD conducts research on ways to prevent pollution, protect human health, and reduce risk. Much of the research related to demonstration and evaluation of innovative cleanup technologies is conducted in ORD's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. One of the mechanisms for the evaluation of innovative field -scale technologies for hazardous waste remediation is the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation ( SITE) Program. The SITE Program is currently investigating approaches for the in situ treatment of contaminated sites. The research includes innovative technologies for clean up of dense non-aqueous liquids (DNAPLs) in soils, groundwater, and fractured rock media; innovative approaches for contaminated sediment remediation; and innovative mine waste treatment technologies. Future research includes the evaluation of remediation of DNAPL source zones; treatment caps that simultaneously contain and remediate contaminated sediments; and investigation of ecological tools that serve a dual purpose of assessing the condition of sediment -contaminated water bodies and gauging the efficacy of mitigation efforts. These efforts are leading to a better understanding of soil, sediment and groundwater systems that may respond innovative treatment technologies, and more accurate information regarding the performance and cost of these innovative approaches. C1 [Olexsey, Robert A.; Parker, Randy A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Olexsey, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 978-1-4020-4728-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 69 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BLV70 UT WOS:000271186900014 ER PT S AU Puls, RW AF Puls, Robert W. BE Twardowska, I Allen, HE Haggblom, MM Stefaniak, S TI LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS: LESSONS LEARNED ON DESIGN, CONTAMINANT TREATMENT, LONGEVITY, PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND COST - AN OVERVIEW SO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION MONITORING, PROTECTION AND REMEDIATION SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Viable Methods of Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Cracow, POLAND SP NATO DE permeable reactive barrier; zero-valent iron; ground water; remedial technology arsenic; long-term performance assessment AB An overview of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) performance for field sites in the U. S. was evaluated over the last 10 years by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development (EPA-ORD) in collaboration with other U. S. federal agencies, consulting companies and academic institutions under activities sponsored by the EPA's Remedial Technology Development Forum (RTDF). The RTDF is a public-private partnership which undertakes research, development, demonstration, and evaluation efforts focused on finding innovative solutions to high priority environmental problems. The focus has been on evaluating the effectiveness of these systems for plume capture and contaminant degradation/immobilization, microbiological and geochemical impacts on reactivity and longevity, and cost. Challenges for future research, development and application of PRBs are also presented. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Puls, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 978-1-4020-4728-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 69 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BLV70 UT WOS:000271186900015 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Campbell, JG Harris, PS Dantin, DD Quarles, RL Chancy, CA AF Lewis, MA Campbell, JG Harris, PS Dantin, DD Quarles, RL Chancy, CA TI Field characterization of potential reference sediments in the Gulf of Mexico: Chemical and biological quality SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE reference sediment; chemistry; toxicity; benthos; Gulf of Mexico ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COASTAL AREAS; CONTAMINATION; FLORIDA; TOXICITY; GUIDELINES; ESTUARINE; WATER; BAY AB Baseline information on the chemical and biological quality of sediments is provided for six coastal locations in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which were considered possible candidates for regional reference areas. Chemical quality, toxicity and benthic community composition were determined for sediments collected three times from each of 12 sites during an approximate one-year period. Potential contaminants in the usually sand-dominated sediments exceeded individual threshold effects level guidelines proposed for Florida coastal areas in approximately 31% of the samples collected from 8 of 12 sites. No probable effects level guidelines were exceeded. Acute toxicity occurred in 16% or less of the sediment samples and no significant chronic toxicity was observed to the infaunal amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus. Approximately, 11% and 17% of the sediments were classified as poor or marginal, based on low benthic taxa abundance and diversity index values, respectively. Sediment quality at many sites was less degraded than that for nearby coastal areas receiving point and non-point source contaminants, which suggests their suitability to serve as reference sediments although further confirmation is recommended. In a broader context, the results of this survey reflect the complexity infield verification of reference conditions for near-coastal sediments. This is attributable largely to the natural variability in their physical, biological, and chemical characteristics and to the lack of biocriteria for benthic macro and meiofauna. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Lewis.Michael@EPA.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1080/15320380500363087 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002KM UT WOS:000234610300001 ER PT J AU Fetzer, R Eskelsen, JM Huston, M Gussman, C Crouse, D Helverson, R AF Fetzer, R Eskelsen, JM Huston, M Gussman, C Crouse, D Helverson, R TI Riverbank stabilization of lead contaminated soils using native plant vegetative caps SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE lead; restoration; stabilization; capping; revegetation AB Hamburg is a small borough located in Berks County, Pennsylvania. During the 1940s and 1950s, crushed automobile battery casings, containing high levels of lead, were used as fill in and around Hamburg. Several of the fill areas were along the eastern bank of the Schuylkill River and the Schuylkill River Canal. To reduce exposure to human and ecological receptors, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) initiated actions at several of the fill areas. Remediation actions at three of these fill areas, the Berry Property, the Hamburg Playground City, Playground, and the Port Clinton Avenue site, utilized native plants, slope stabilization, and soil caps. The Berry Property consisted of a flat, wooded area adjacent to the river. The Hamburg Playground consisted of a steep wooded slope between the river and the parking lot for the municipal park. The Port Clinton Avenue site consisted of flat and sloped, wooded, and old-field areas between the canal and Port Chilton Avenue. At each of the three sites, some of the contaminated soils were excavated and the remainder was graded and capped. The clean soil cap was then covered with an erosion control mat, seeded with native grasses, and planted with native shrubs. At the Hamburg Playground and Port Clinton Avenue site, the existing trees and much of the existing vegetation were maintained to preserve the slope stability and the natural environment. Great care was taken to ensure community access to the municipal park. Some of the important considerations included retaining the existing trees, dealing with invasive species, maintaining the plants during a drought, and channeling storm-water runoff. The work was coordinated with the Hamburg Borough Council, the Schuylkill River Greenway Association, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). The actions resulted in a stabillized slope with channelized storm water to control erosion and protect the river a clean soil and plant cover that eliminates exposure to human and animal receptors, and an aesthetically pleasing and usable area that meets the needs of the community and the local conservation/environmental organization. C1 Lockheed Martin Co REAC, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. US EPA Reg II, Bethlehem, PA USA. US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Edison, NJ USA. EarthTech Inc, Richmond, VA USA. Tetra Tech EMI, Boothwyn, PA USA. RP Gussman, C (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Co REAC, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,Bay F Annex, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM christopher.d.gussman@lmco.com NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1080/15320380500506412 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021JV UT WOS:000235980400007 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Brooks, MC Larson, SL Nestler, CC Felt, DR AF Davis, Jeffrey L. Brooks, Michael C. Larson, Steven L. Nestler, Catherine C. Felt, Deborah R. TI Lime treatment of explosives-contaminated soil from munitions plants and firing ranges SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE alkaline hydrolysis; RDX; TNT; hydrated lime; munitions ID ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; N-15 NMR; TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; RDX AB Microcosms were prepared using soils from munitions plants and active firing ranges and treated with hydrated lime. The presence of particulate explosives and co-contaminants, and the concentration of soil total organic carbon (TOC) on the alkaline hydrolysis reaction were studied. Trinitrobenzene (TNB) and dinitrobenzene (DNB) were sensitive to alkaline hydrolysis under these experimental conditions. The TNT metabolites, 2A- and 4A-DNT were also removed, although more slowly than the parent compound, and the reaction required a higher pH (> 12). RDX retention in the soil was proportional to the TOC content. The degradation intermediates of the alkaline hydrolysis reaction partitioned in the soil matrix in a manner similar to the parent. Solid particles of explosives are also degraded by alkaline hydrolysis. RDX and HMX exhibited 74 and 57% removal, respectively, in 21 days. TNT as whole and broken grains, showed 83 and 99.9% removal in 21 days, respectively. The propellants, 2,4- and 2,6-DNT were insensitive to alkaline hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis is an inexpensive and effective means of reducing the varied explosives contamination. C1 USACE, ERDC, EP E, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Appl Res Associate Inc, So Div, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, EP E, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jeffrey.L.Davis@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 565 EP 580 DI 10.1080/15320380600959032 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098DO UT WOS:000241501400003 ER PT J AU Jiang, B Wang, WZ Chen, HL Hong, Z Yang, QD Wu, SP Du, XL Bao, QJ AF Jiang, B Wang, WZ Chen, HL Hong, Z Yang, QD Wu, SP Du, XL Bao, QJ TI Incidence and trends of stroke and its subtypes in China - Results from three large cities SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; stroke; incidence ID CASE-FATALITY; 1ST-EVER STROKE; PART I; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; REGISTER; PROJECT; RATES AB Background and Purpose - To examine the incidence and trends of stroke and its major subtypes during the 1990s in 3 cities in China. Methods - Stroke cases registered between 1991 to 2000 were initially identified through the stroke surveillance networks established in Beijing, Shanghai, and Changsha, and then confirmed by neurologists. Results - The age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 person years of overall first-ever stroke were 135.0 (95% CI, 126.5 to 144.6) in Beijing, 76.1 (70.6 to 82.6) in Shanghai, and 150.0 (141.3 to 160.0) in Changsha during the 1990s. Incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) was highest in Beijing, followed by Changsha and Shanghai; for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the highest rate was found in Changsha, followed by Beijing and Shanghai. The same order as ICH was also observed for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The age-adjusted incidence of overall stroke and ICH for individuals >= 55 years of age in our populations was generally higher than that from Western populations. During the 1990s, ICH incidence decreased significantly at a rate of 12.0% per year in Beijing, 4.4% in Shanghai, and 7.7% in Changsha; in contrast, except for Changsha, IS incidence increased in Beijing (5.0% per year) and Shanghai (7.7%). Conclusions - There is a geographic variation in the incidence of stroke and its subtypes among these 3 cities, but the incidence of overall and hemorrhagic stroke in China is generally higher than that in the Western countries. Interestingly, the decrease in ICH and increase in IS during the past decade may reflect some underlying changes of risk factors in Chinese populations. C1 Beijing Neurosurg Inst, Dept Neuroepidemiol, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Huashan Hosp, Coll Med, Inst Neurol,Dept Neuroepidemiol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Zhongnan Univ, Xiangya Hosp, MedCol, Inst Neurol,Dep Neuroepidemiol, Changsha, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jiang, B (reprint author), Beijing Neurosurg Inst, Dept Neuroepidemiol, 6 Tiantan Xili,Yongnei St, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM bjyjiang@hotmail.com OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 27 TC 156 Z9 188 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000194955.34820.78 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 996BD UT WOS:000234148500018 PM 16306469 ER PT S AU Anastas, PT Zimmerman, JB AF Anastas, P. T. Zimmerman, J. B. BE Abraham, MA TI The Twelve Principles of Green Engineering as a Foundation for Sustainability SO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: DEFINING PRINCIPLES SE Sustainability Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERIZATION C1 [Anastas, P. T.] Amer Chem Soc, Green Chem Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Zimmerman, J. B.] Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Zimmerman, J. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Anastas, PT (reprint author), Amer Chem Soc, Green Chem Inst, 1155 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-2711 BN 978-0-08-048127-2 J9 SUSTAIN SCI ENG PY 2006 VL 1 BP 11 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S1871-2711(05)01002-0 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BCO04 UT WOS:000310812900004 ER PT S AU Zimmerman, JB Anastas, PT AF Zimmerman, J. B. Anastas, P. T. BE Abraham, MA TI When is Waste not a Waste? SO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: DEFINING PRINCIPLES SE Sustainability Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; PROCESS INTENSIFICATION; REACTIVE DISTILLATION; GENERATION; PRINCIPLES; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; CHITOSAN; SOLVENT; WATER C1 [Zimmerman, J. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zimmerman, J. B.] Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Anastas, P. T.] Amer Chem Soc, Green Chem Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Zimmerman, JB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8722F, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-2711 BN 978-0-08-048127-2 J9 SUSTAIN SCI ENG PY 2006 VL 1 BP 201 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S1871-2711(05)01010-X PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BCO04 UT WOS:000310812900012 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Andersen, ME Conolly, RB AF Zhang, Qiang Andersen, Melvin E. Conolly, Rory B. TI Binary gene induction and protein expression in individual cells SO THEORETICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article AB Background: Eukaryotic gene transcription is believed to occur in either a binary or a graded fashion. With binary induction, a transcription activator (TA) regulates the probability with which a gene template is switched from the inactive to the active state without affecting the rate at which RNA molecules are produced from the template. With graded, also called rheostat-like, induction the gene template has continuously varying levels of transcriptional activity, and the TA regulates the rate of RNA production. Support for each of these two mechanisms arises primarily from experimental studies measuring reporter proteins in individual cells, rather than from direct measurement of induction events at the gene template. Methods and results: In this paper, using a computational model of stochastic gene expression, we have studied the biological and experimental conditions under which a binary induction mode operating at the gene template can give rise to differentially expressed "phenotypes" (i.e., binary, hybrid or graded) at the protein level. We have also investigated whether the choice of reporter genes plays a significant role in determining the observed protein expression patterns in individual cells, given the diverse properties of commonly-used reporter genes. Our simulation confirmed early findings that the lifetimes of active/inactive promoters and half-lives of downstream mRNA/protein products are important determinants of various protein expression patterns, but showed that the induction time and the sensitivity with which the expressed genes are detected are also important experimental variables. Using parameter conditions representative of reporter genes including green fluorescence protein (GFP) and beta-galactosidase, we also demonstrated that graded gene expression is more likely to be observed with GFP, a longer-lived protein with low detection sensitivity. Conclusion: The choice of reporter genes may determine whether protein expression is binary, graded or hybrid, even though gene induction itself operates in an all-or-none fashion. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Andersen, Melvin E.] CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Div Computat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Div Computat Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM qzhang@ciit.org; mandersen@ciit.org; Conolly.Rory@epamail.epa.gov OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 FU Long-Range Research Initiative of the American Chemistry Council FX We thank Drs. Rusty Thomas and Li You for scientific review. This work is supported by funds from the Long-Range Research Initiative of the American Chemistry Council. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4682 J9 THEOR BIOL MED MODEL JI Theor. Biol. Med. Model. PY 2006 VL 3 AR 18 DI 10.1186/1742-4682-3-18 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA V19ED UT WOS:000208054800018 PM 16597340 ER PT J AU Bolon, B Garman, R Jensen, K Krinke, G Stuart, B AF Bolon, B Garman, R Jensen, K Krinke, G Stuart, B CA Ad Hoc Working Grp STP Scientifi TI A 'best practices' approach to neuropathologic assessment in developmental neurotoxicity testing - for today SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental neurotoxicity; guidelines; neuropathology; regulatory; rodent ID HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT; NERVOUS-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; DORSAL-ROOT GANGLION; DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN; APOPTOTIC NEURODEGENERATION; ZITTER RAT; END-POINTS; NEURONS; IDENTIFY; EXPOSURE AB A key trait of developmental neurotoxicants is their ability to cause structural lesions in the immature nervous system. Thus, neuropathologic assessment is an essential element of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) studies that are designed to evaluate chemically-induced risk to neural substrates in young humans. The guidelines for conventional DNT assays have been established by regulatory agencies to provide a flexible scaffold for conducting such studies; recent experience has launched new efforts to update these recommendations. The present document was produced by an ad hoc subcommittee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) tasked with examining conventional methods used in DNT neuropathology in order to define the 'best practices' for dealing with the diverse requirements of both national (EPA) and international (OECD) regulatory bodies. Recommendations (including citations for relevant neurobiological and technical references) address all aspects of the DNT neuropathology examination: study design; tissue fixation, collection, processing, and staining; qualitative and quantitative evaluation; statistical analysis; proper control materials; study documentation; and personnel training. If followed, these proposals will allow pathologists to meet the need for a sound risk assessment (balanced to address both regulatory issues and scientific considerations) in this field today while providing direction for the research needed to further refine DNT neuropathology 'best practices' in the future. C1 GEMPath Inc, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. Vet Pathol Inc, Murrysville, PA 15668 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Bayer Crop Sci LP, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. RP Bolon, B (reprint author), Soc Toxicol Pathol, 1821 Michael Faraday Dr,Suite 300, Reston, VA 20190 USA. NR 86 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 296 EP 313 DI 10.1080/01926230600713269 PG 18 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 042FH UT WOS:000237512800014 PM 16698729 ER PT J AU Elmore, S Lanning, L Allison, N Vallant, M Nyska, A AF Elmore, S. Lanning, L. Allison, N. Vallant, M. Nyska, A. TI The transduction of rat submandibular glands by an adenoviral vector carrying the human growth hormone gene is associated with limited and reversible changes at the infusion site SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; hydroxychloroquine; submandibular salivary gland; gene therapy ID SALIVARY-GLANDS; ENDOCRINE SECRETION; EXOCRINE GLANDS; IN-VIVO; ERYTHROPOIETIN; THERAPEUTICS; ENLARGEMENT; AMPUTATION; PROTEINS; DELIVERY AB Adenoviral vectors have been shown to efficiently deliver exogenous genes to salivary glands and have therefore been investigated as tools for the treatment of human disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of F344 rats to intraductal infusion of the right submandibular salivary gland with an adenoviral vector encoding the gene for human growth hormone (AdCMVhGH). Co-administration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used to redirect the secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) from saliva into serum. This paper documents the findings of the pathology evaluation of this National Toxicology Program study. The right submandibular salivary gland (infusion site) was the primary target organ, with microscopic lesions characteristic of a mild to moderate insult observed at 3 days post infusion in vector exposed animals. These lesions were characterized by variable degrees of acute glandular inflammation, degeneration and necrosis, with more severe lesions in the higher dose groups. Rats at 28 days post infusion had milder inflammation, degeneration and necrosis compared to day 3 rats, with variable degrees of regeneration. In conclusion, the effects on the salivary glands are reversible as indicated by the milder inflammation and degeneration in the day 28 rats concomitant with mild to moderate regeneration. Therefore, the vector appears relatively innocuous with limited tissue toxicity. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Otsuka Maryland Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Expt Pathol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Elmore, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, 111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM elmore@niehs.nih.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Z01 DE000336-23]; NIEHS NIH HHS [E01-ES-95446] NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1080/01926230600815189 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 064KY UT WOS:000239089600008 PM 16844666 ER PT J AU Elmore, SA AF Elmore, Susan A. TI Histopathology of the lymph nodes SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lymph node; immunotoxic; xenobiotic; hyperplasia; angiectasis; lymphoma ID HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA; MICE; GUIDELINE; NEOPLASMS; ADJUVANT; RAT AB Lymph nodes function as filters of tissues and tissue fluids and are sites of origin and production of lymphocytes for normal physiological functions. As part of this normal function, they react to both endogenous and exogenous substances with a variety of specific morphological and functional responses. Lesions can be both proliferative and nonproliferative, and can be treatment-related or not. The histological evaluation of lymph nodes is necessary in order to understand the immunotoxic effects of chemicals with the resulting data providing an important component of human risk assessment. It is the challenge of the toxicologic pathologist to interpret the pathology data within the complete clinical evaluation of the entire animal. Daily insults, ageing and toxins can alter the normal histology and primary function of lymph nodes. Therefore it is important to distinguish and differentiate lesions that occur naturally during normal development and ageing from those that are induced by xenobiotics. To achieve this goal, comparison with strain- age- and sex-matched controls is crucial. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Elmore, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,MD B3-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM elmore@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [001-1520-808, Z99 ES999999] NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 425 EP 454 DI 10.1080/01926230600964722 PG 30 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 098KZ UT WOS:000241520700003 PM 17067938 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Funkhouser, W Pugh, CB Winters, S Stonehuerner, JG Mahar, AM Roggli, VL AF Ghio, Andrew J. Funkhouser, William Pugh, Christopher B. Winters, Scot Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G. Mahar, Annabelle M. Roggli, Victor L. TI Pulmonary febrosis and ferruginous bodies associated with exposure to synthetic fibers SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE textiles; nylon; Dacron; pulmonary fibrosis; pulmonary diseases; pneumoconiosis ID INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; FLOCK WORKERS LUNG; ASBESTOS; FIBROSIS AB Exposure to synthetic fibers with employment in textile mills can be associated with an elevated risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A mechanism of injury has not been determined. ILD can follow exposures to inorganic fibers (e.g., asbestos) which are associated with a mobilization of iron and catalysis of an oxidative stress. We describe 2 patients with ILD associated with exposure to synthetic textile fibers who demonstrated carbon-based ferruginous bodies suggesting an in vivo accumulation of iron by synthetic fibers after deposition in the lung. These iron-laden bodies varied from perfectly linear fibers to almost particulate matter. Linear structures were irregularly interrupted by deposition of iron-abundant material. The capacity of these synthetic fibers to complex iron and generate an oxidative stress is confirmed in vitro. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Internal Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Off Res & Dev, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1080/01926230600932448 PG 7 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 108CL UT WOS:000242217800004 PM 17074740 ER PT J AU de Andrade, SF Oliva, SU Klinefelter, GR Kempinas, WD AF de Andrade, Sergio Faloni Oliva, Samara Urban Klinefelter, Gary Robert Kempinas, Wilma De Grava TI Epididymis-specific pathologic disorders in rats exposed to gossypol from weaning through puberty SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epididymis pathology; male reproductive toxicology; gossypol; puberty; electron microscopy; rat ID DAILY SPERM PRODUCTION; ANTI-FERTILITY; ALBINO-RATS; SPERMATOZOA; HAMSTERS; SYSTEM; NUMBER; TESTIS; AGENT; DIETS AB Previous work in our laboratory revealed that the pubertal period of reproductive development in the male rat was particularly vulnerable to gossypol exposure, with a higher frequency of round structures in the lumen of the cauda epididymidis in the treated rats. Herein, we utilized hemicastration and electron microscopy to confirm that the epididymis is a definitive target of gossypol. Although exposure to gossypol from weaning through puberty caused a significant decrease in daily sperm production, as well as in the concentration of sperm in the epididymis, serum testosterone levels and reproductive organ weights were not altered. In gossypol treated rats, sperm morphology was compromised severely, but the epithelium in testis and epididymis appeared morphologically normal. Ultrastructural examination revealed that round structures, present only in gossypol exposed males, represented: (1) principal cells exfoliated from the epididymal epithelium; (2) epididymal epithelial cell cytoplasm containing degenerating sperm; and (3) degenerating epithelial cells, consisting of vesicles and particles of different sizes, forms and densities. Taken together, the data confirm that gossypol targets the epididymis, disturbing both the structure and function of this organ, and presumably disrupts sperm maturation. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Inst Biociencias, Dept Pharmacol, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Inst Biociencias, Dept Morphol, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Kempinas, WD (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Inst Biociencias, Dept Pharmacol, Caixa Postal 510, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM kempinas@ibb.unesp.br RI Oliva, Samara/B-9824-2012; Kempinas, Wilma/E-4671-2012 OI Kempinas, Wilma/0000-0002-2112-5123 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 730 EP 737 DI 10.1080/01926230600932455 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 108CL UT WOS:000242217800005 PM 17162530 ER PT J AU Houle, CD Ton, TVT Clayton, N Huff, J Hong, HHL Sills, RC AF Houle, Christopher D. Ton, Thai-Vu T. Clayton, Natasha Huff, James Hong, Hue-Hua L. Sills, Robert C. TI Frequent p53 and H-ras mutations in benzene- and ethylene oxide-induced mammary gland carcinomas from B6C3F1 mice SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE p53; H-ras; benzene; ethylene oxide; mammary gland carcinoma; mice; carcinogen ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; IN-VIVO MUTAGENICITY; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; ONCOGENIC RAS; BONE-MARROW; K-RAS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; LUNG-TUMORS; INDUCED HEMATOTOXICITY AB Benzene and ethylene oxide are multisite carcinogens in rodents and classified as human carcinogens by the National Toxicology Program. In 2-year mouse studies, both chemicals induced mammary carcinomas. We examined spontaneous, benzene-, and ethylene oxide-induced mouse mammary carcinomas for p53 protein expression, using immunohistochemistry, and p53 (exons 5-8) and H-ras(codon 61) mutations using cycle sequencing techniques. p53 protein expression was detected in 42% (8/19) of spontaneous, 43% (6/14) of benzene-, and 67% (8/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. However, semiquantitative evaluation of p53 protein expression revealed that benzene- and ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas exhibited expression levels five- to six-fold higher than spontaneous carcinomas. p53 mutations were found in 58% (7/12) of spontaneous, 57% (8/14) of benzene-, and 67% (8/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. H-ras mutations were identified in 26% (5/19) of spontaneous, 50% (7/14) of benzene-, and 33% (4/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. When H-ras mutations were present, concurrent p53mutations were identified in 40% (2/5) of spontaneous, 71% (5/7) of benzene-, and 75% (3/4) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. Our results demonstrate that p53 and H-ras mutations are relatively common in control and chemically induced mouse mammary carcinomas although both chemicals can alter the mutational spectra and more commonly induce concurrent mutations. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIH, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Houle, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM houle@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 80 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 752 EP 762 DI 10.1080/01926230600935912 PG 11 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 108CL UT WOS:000242217800008 PM 17162533 ER PT J AU Morton, D Kemp, RK Francke-Carroll, S Jensen, K McCartney, J Monticello, TM Perry, R Pulido, O Roome, N Schafer, K Sellers, R Snyder, PW AF Morton, Daniel Kemp, Ramon K. Francke-Carroll, Sabine Jensen, Karl McCartney, Jeffrey Monticello, Thomas M. Perry, Richard Pulido, Olga Roome, Nigel Schafer, Ken Sellers, Rani Snyder, Paul W. TI Best practices for reporting pathology interpretations within GLP toxicology studies SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19586 USA. US FDA, Pathol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Charles River Labs, Senneville, PQ H9X 3R3, Canada. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA 19486 USA. Wyeth Res, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Sanofi Aventis, F-78440 Porcheville, France. Vet Path Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45249 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Morton, D (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Rd MS 8274-1345, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM dan.g.morton@pfizer.com NR 4 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 806 EP 809 DI 10.1080/01926230601034624 PG 4 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 108CL UT WOS:000242217800014 PM 17162539 ER PT J AU Allen, JW Wolf, DC George, MH Hester, SD Sun, GB Thai, SF Delker, DA Moore, T Jones, C Nelson, G Roop, BC Leavitt, S Winkfield, E Ward, WO Nesnow, S AF Allen, James W. Wolf, Douglas C. George, Michael H. Hester, Susan D. Sun, Guobin Thai, Sheau-Fung Delker, Don A. Moore, Tanya Jones, Carlton Nelson, Gail Roop, Barbara C. Leavitt, Sharon Winkfield, Ernest Ward, William O. Nesnow, Stephen TI Toxicity profiles in mice treated with hepatotumorigenic and non-hepatotumorigenic triazole conazole fungicides: Propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conazoles; triadimefon; propiconazole; myclobutanil; mouse; hepatotoxicity; hepatotumorigenesis ID CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; ALKOXYRESORUFIN O-DEALKYLATION; MOUSE-LIVER; LANOSTEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE; MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME-P450; CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT-LIVER; IN-VITRO AB Conazoles comprise a class of fungicides used in agriculture and as pharmaceutical products. The fungicidal properties of conazoles are due to their inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Certain conazoles are tumorigenic in rodents; both propiconazole and triadimefon are hepatotoxic and hepatotumorigenic in mice, while myclobutanil is not a mouse liver tumorigen. As a component of a large-scale study aimed at determining the mode(s) of action for tumorigenic conazoles, we report the results from comparative evaluations of liver and body weights, liver histopathology, cell proliferation, cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity, and serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels after exposure to propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil. Male CD-1 mice were treated in the feed for 4, 30, or 90 days with triadimefon (0, 100, 500, or 1800 ppm), propiconazole (0, 100, 500, or 2500 ppm) or myclobutanil (0, 100, 500, or 2000 ppm). Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (AROD) assays indicated that all 3 chemicals induced similar patterns of dose-related increases in metabolizing enzyme activity. PROD activities exceeded those of MROD, and EROD with propiconazole inducing the highest activities of PROD. Mice had similar patterns of dose-dependent increases in hepatocyte hypertrophy after exposure to the 3 conazoles. High-dose exposures to propiconazole and myclobutanil, but not triadimefon, were associated with early (4 days) increases in cell proliferation. All the chemicals at high doses reduced serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 30 days of treatment, while only triadimefon had this effect at 4 days of treatment and only myclobutanil and propiconazole at 90 days of treatment. Overall, the tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles induced similar effects on mouse liver CYP enzyme activities and pathology. There was no specific pattern of tissue responses that could consistently be used to differentiate the tumorigenic conazoles, propiconazole, and triadimefon, from the nontumorigenic myclobutanil. These findings serve to anchor other transcriptional profiling studies aimed at probing differences in key events and modes of action for tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Allen, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM allen.james@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 51 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1080/01926230601047816 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200003 PM 17178687 ER PT J AU Ward, WO Delker, DA Hester, SD Thai, SF Wolf, DC Allen, JW Nesnow, S AF Ward, William O. Delker, Don A. Hester, Susan D. Thai, Sheau-Fung Wolf, Douglas C. Allen, James W. Nesnow, Stephen TI Transcriptional profiles in liver from mice treated with hepatotumorigenic and nonhepatotumorigenic triazole conazole fungicides: Propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conazoles; triadimefon; propiconazole; myclobutanil; mouse liver; genomic profiles; tumorigenesis ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; RETINOIC ACID; BETA-CATENIN; MOUSE-LIVER; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Conazoles are environmental and pharmaceutical fungicides. The present study relates the toxicological effects of conazoles to alterations of gene and pathway transcription and identifies potential modes of tumorigenic action. In a companion study employing conventional toxicological bioassays (Allen et al., 2006), male CD-1 mice were fed triadimefon, propiconazole, or myclobutanil in a continuous oral-dose regimen for 4, 30, or 90 days. These conazoles were found to induce hepatomegaly, to induce high levels of hepatic pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity, to increase hepatic cell proliferation, to decrease serum cholesterol, and to increase serum triglycerides. Differentially expressed genes and pathways were identified using Affymetrix GeneChips. Gene-pathway associations were obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Biocarta, and MetaCore compendia. The pathway profiles of each conazole were different at each time point. In general, the number of altered metabolism, signaling, and growth pathways increased with time and dose and were greatest with propiconazole. All conazoles had effects on nuclear receptors as evidenced by increased expression and enzymatic activities of a series of related cytochrome P450s (CYP). A subset of altered genes and pathways distinguished the three conazoles from each other. Triadimefon and propiconazole both altered apoptosis, cell cycle, adherens junction, calcium signaling, and EGFR signaling pathways. Triadimefon produced greater changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and retinoic acid metabolism genes and in selected signaling pathways. Propiconazole had greater effects on genes responding to oxidative stress and on the IGF/PI3K/AKt/PTEN/mTor and Wnt-beta-catenin pathways. In conclusion, while triadimefon, propiconazole, and myclobutanil had similar effects in mouse liver on hepatomegaly, histology, CYP activities, cell proliferation, and serum cholesterol, genomic analyses revealed major differences in their gene expression profiles. C1 US EPA, Canc Biol Branch, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Off Res & Dev,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res La, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ward, WO (reprint author), US EPA, Canc Biol Branch, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Off Res & Dev,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res La, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ward.william@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 91 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 863 EP 878 DI 10.1080/01926230601047832 PG 16 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200004 PM 17178688 ER PT J AU Hester, SD Wolf, DC Nesnow, S Thai, SF AF Hester, Susan D. Wolf, Douglas C. Nesnow, Stephen Thai, Sheau-Fung TI Transcriptional profiles in liver from rats treated with tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic triazole conazole fungicides: Propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conazoles; triadimefon; propiconazole; myclobutanil; rat; liver; thyroid; genomic profiles; tumorigenesis ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; DENSITY DNA MICROARRAY; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; DRUG-METABOLISM; GROWTH-FACTOR; X-RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; INDUCTION AB Conazoles are a class of fungicides used as pharmaceutical and agricultural agents. In chronic bioassays in rats, triadimefon was hepatotoxic and induced follicular cell adenomas in the thyroid gland, whereas, propiconazole and myclobutanil were hepatotoxic but had no effect on the thyroid gland. These conazoles administered in the feed to male Wistar/Han rats were found to induce hepatomegaly, induce high levels of pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, increase cell proliferation in the liver, increase serum cholesterol, decrease serum T3 and T4, and increase hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase activity. The goal of the present study was to define pathways that explain the biologic outcomes. Male Wistar/Han rats (3 per group), were exposed to the 3 conazoles in the feed for 4, 30, or 90 days of treatment at tumorigenic and nontumorigenic doses. Hepatic gene expression was determined using high-density Affymetrix GeneChips (Rat 230_2). Differential gene expression was assessed at the probe level using Robust Multichip Average analysis. Principal component analysis by treatment and time showed within group sample similarity and that the treatment groups were distinct from each other. The number of altered genes varied by treatment, dose, and time. The greatest number of altered genes was induced by triadimefon and propiconazole after 90 days of treatment, while myclobutanil had minimal effects at that time point. Pathway level analyses revealed that after 90 days of treatment the most significant numbers of altered pathways were related to cell signaling, growth, and metabolism. Pathway level analysis for triadimefon and propiconazole resulted in 71 altered pathways common to both chemicals. These pathways controlled cholesterol metabolism, activation of nuclear receptors, and N-ras and K-ras signaling. There were 37 pathways uniquely changed by propiconazole, and triadimefon uniquely altered 34 pathways. Pathway level analysis of altered gene expression resulted in a more complete description of the associated toxicological effects that can distinguish triadimefon from propiconazole and myclobutanil. C1 US EPA, Canc Biol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Off Res & Dev,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res La, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hester, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Canc Biol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Off Res & Dev,Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res La, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hester.susan@epa.gov NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 879 EP 894 DI 10.1080/01926230601047824 PG 16 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200005 PM 17178689 ER PT J AU Wolf, DC Allen, JW George, MH Hester, SD Sun, GB Moore, T Thai, SF Delker, D Winkfield, E Leavitt, S Nelson, G Roop, BC Jones, C Thibodeaux, J Nesnow, S AF Wolf, Douglas C. Allen, James W. George, Michael H. Hester, Susan D. Sun, Guobin Moore, Tanya Thai, Sheau-Fung Delker, Don Winkfield, Ernest Leavitt, Sharon Nelson, Gail Roop, Barbara C. Jones, Carlton Thibodeaux, Julie Nesnow, Stephen TI Toxicity profiles in rats treated with tumorigenic and nontumorigenic triazole conazole fungicides: Propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; pesticide; endocrine disruptor; UDPGT; enzyme induction ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; QUAIL COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE; ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; AZOLE FUNGICIDES; ENZYME INDUCERS; CYTOCHROME-P450 AB Conazoles are a class of azole based fungicides used in agriculture and as pharmaceutical products. They have a common mode of antifungal action through inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Some members of this class have been shown to be hepatotoxic and will induce mouse hepatocellular tumors and/or rat thyroid follicular cell tumors. The particular mode of toxic and tumorigenic action for these compounds is not known, however it has been proposed that triadimefon-induced rat thyroid tumors arise through the specific mechanism of increased TSH. The present study was designed to identify commonalities of effects across the different conazoles and to determine unique features of the tissue responses that suggest a toxicity pathway and a mode of action for the observed thyroid response for triadimefon. Male Wistar/Han rats were treated with triadimefon (100, 500, 1800 ppm), propiconazole (100, 500, 2500 ppm), or myclobutanil (100, 500, 2000 ppm) in feed for 4, 30, or 90 days. The rats were evaluated for clinical signs, body and liver weight, histopathology of thyroid and liver, hepatic metabolizing enzyme activity, and serum T3, T4, TSH, and cholesterol levels. There was a dose-dependent increase in liver weight but not body weight for all treatments. The indication of cytochrome induction, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (PROD) activity, had a dose-related increase at all time points for all conazoles. Uridine diphopho-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT), the T4 metabolizing enzyme measured as glucuronidation of 1-naphthol, was induced to the same extent after 30 and 90 days for all three conazoles. Livers from all high dose treated rats had centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy after 4 days, while only triadimefon and propiconazole treated rats had hepatocyte hypertrophy after 30 days, and only triadimefon treated rats had hepatocyte hypertrophy after 90 days. Thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy, increased follicular cell proliferation, and colloid depletion were present only after 30 days in rats treated with the high dose of triadimefon. A dose-dependent decrease in T4 was present after 4 days with all 3 compounds but only the high doses of propiconazole and triadimefon produced decreased T4 after 30 days. T3 was decreased after high-dose triadimefon after 4 days and in a dose-dependent manner for all compounds after 30 days. Thyroid hormone levels did not differ from control values after 90 days and TSH was not increased in any exposure group. A unique pattern of toxic responses was not identified for each conazole and the hypothesized mode of action for triadimefon-induced thyroid gland tumors was not supported by the data. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, ORD, MD-B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wolf.doug@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 895 EP 902 DI 10.1080/01926230601047808 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200006 PM 17178690 ER PT J AU Lobenhofer, EK Boorman, GA Phillips, KL Heinloth, AN Malarkey, DE Blackshear, PE Houle, C Hurban, P AF Lobenhofer, Edward K. Boorman, Gary A. Phillips, Kenneth L. Heinloth, Alexandra N. Malarkey, David E. Blackshear, Pamela E. Houle, Christopher Hurban, Patrick TI Application of visualization tools to the analysis of histopathological data enhances biological insight and interpretation SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE information visualization; phenotypic anchor; histopathology; gene expression; acute hepatocyte toxicity ID INVASIVE BREAST-CARCINOMA; BASAL-LIKE SUBTYPE; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; MICROARRAY; TOXICITY; GOMINER; LIVER AB Gene expression profiling, metabolomic screens, and other high-dimensional methods have become an integral part of many biological investigations. To facilitate interpretation of these data, it is important to have detailed phenotypic data - including histopathology - to which these data can be associated, or anchored. However, as the amount of phenotypic data increases, associations within and across these data can be difficult to visualize and interpret. We have developed an approach for categorizing and clustering biologically related histopathological diagnoses to facilitate their visualization, thereby increasing the possibility of identifying associations and facilitating the comparison with other data streams. In this study, we utilize histopathological data generated as part of a standardized toxicogenomics compendium study to generate composite histopathological scores and to develop visualizations that facilitate biological insight. The validity of this approach is illustrated by the identification of transcripts that correlate with the pathology diagnoses that comprise the categories of "response to hepatocellular injury" and "repair." This approach is broadly applicable to studies in which histopathology is used to phenotypically anchor other data, and results in visualizations that facilitate biological interpretation and the identification of associations and relationships within the data. C1 Cogenics, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lobenhofer, EK (reprint author), Cogenics, 100 Perimeter Pk,Suite C, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. EM elobenhofer@cogenics.com FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-33513, N01-ES-25497] NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 921 EP 928 DI 10.1080/01926230601072319 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200008 PM 17178692 ER PT J AU Farland, WH AF Farland, William H. TI Assessing the carcinogenic potential of exposure to formaldehyde: An EPA perspective SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 978 EP 979 PG 2 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200024 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Williams, J Dang, H Darden, TA Betz, BL Humble, MM Trempus, CS Johnson, K Cannon, RE Tennant, RW AF Wei, Sung-Jen Williams, Jason Dang, Hong Darden, Thomas A. Betz, Bryan L. Humble, Margaret M. Trempus, Carol S. Johnson, Katina Cannon, Ronald E. Tennant, Raymond W. TI A Glu-Asp acidic motif of the DSS1 binds to human proteasome 19S Rpn3/S3 and is required for the maintenance of proteasome stability and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID SPLIT FOOT MALFORMATION; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; CANDIDATE GENE; YEAST; RECOMBINATION; BRCA2; INVOLVEMENT; HOMOLOG; REPAIR; SEM1 C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Alpha Gamma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1014 EP 1015 PG 2 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 118VI UT WOS:000242971200063 ER PT J AU Veronesi, B Oortgiesen, M AF Veronesi, B Oortgiesen, M TI The TRPV1 receptor: Target of toxicants and therapeutics SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE TRPV1; capsaicin receptor; neurogenic inflammation; respiratory inflammation; BEAS-2B; particulate matter ID NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PAIN PATHWAY; CAPSAICINOIDS AB Understanding the structural and functional complexities of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) is essential to the therapeutic modulation of inflammation and pain. Because of its central role in initiating inflammatory processes and integrating painful stimuli, there is an understandable interest in its pharmacological manipulation (sensitization/desensitization). The present Highlight entitled "TRPV1 antagonists elevate cell surface populations of receptor protein and exacerbate TRPV1 mediated toxicities in human lung epithelial cells" describes how exposure to various antagonists produces TRPV1 sensitization and proposes a possible mechanistic explanation to that sensitization. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Cato Res Ltd, Integrated Drug Dev, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM veronesi.bellina@epa.gov NR 10 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj034 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993XN UT WOS:000233991000001 PM 16404782 ER PT J AU Haws, LC Su, SH Harris, M DeVito, MJ Walker, NJ Farland, WH Finley, B Birnbaum, LS AF Haws, LC Su, SH Harris, M DeVito, MJ Walker, NJ Farland, WH Finley, B Birnbaum, LS TI Development of a refined database of mammalian relative potency estimates for dioxin-like compounds SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE dioxin; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; polychlorinated biphenyls; toxic equivalency factor (TEF); relative potency (REP) ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; CYP1A2 ENZYME-ACTIVITY; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; RISK ASSESSMENT; FACTORS TEFS; RECEPTOR; PCDFS; COMPLEX; MIXTURE AB The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach has been widely accepted as the most feasible method available at present for evaluating potential health risks associated with exposure to mixtures of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). The current mammalian TEFs for the DLCs were established by the World Health Organization (WHO) following the meeting of an international expert panel in June of 1997. The TEFs recommended by WHO were determined based on a consensus of scientific judgment and were presented as point estimates. However, the relative potency estimates (REPs) underlying the TEFs were derived from a heterogeneous data set and often span several orders of magnitude. In this article, we present a refined database of mammalian REPs that we believe will facilitate better characterization of the variability and uncertainty inherent in the data. The initial step involved reviewing the REP database used by the WHO panel during its review in 1997. A set of criteria was developed to identify REPs that were determined to be the most representative measure of a biological response and of adequate quality for use in quantitative analyses. REPs were determined to be inappropriate for use in quantitative analyses if any of the established exclusion criteria were met. Comparison of data records to the established exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of a substantial number of REPs believed to be inappropriate for use in quantitative analyses. Next, studies published after 1997 were added to the database. The availability of such a refined database will improve risk assessment for this class of compounds by including additional information from new studies and facilitating the use of quantitative approaches in the further development of TEFs. C1 ChemRisk, Austin, TX 78731 USA. Exponent Inc, New York, NY 10170 USA. ChemRisk, Houston, TX 77042 USA. US EPA, ORD NHEERL ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ChemRisk, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Haws, LC (reprint author), ChemRisk, 8024 Mesa Dr,126, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM lhaws@chemrisk.com RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012; OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855; harris, mark/0000-0002-9007-1587 NR 42 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 4 EP 30 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi294 PG 27 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993XN UT WOS:000233991000002 PM 16120753 ER PT J AU Holsapple, MP Pitot, HC Cohen, SH Boobis, AR Klaunig, JE Pastoor, T Dellarco, VL Dragan, YP AF Holsapple, MP Pitot, HC Cohen, SH Boobis, AR Klaunig, JE Pastoor, T Dellarco, VL Dragan, YP TI Mode of action in relevance of rodent liver tumors to human cancer risk SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUCLEAR RECEPTOR CAR; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CELL-PROLIFERATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DRUG-METABOLISM; INDUCTION; PROMOTION; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; CARCINOGENESIS; RATS AB Hazard identification and risk assessment paradigms depend on the presumption of the similarity of rodents to humans, yet species specific responses, and the extrapolation of high-dose effects to low-dose exposures can affect the estimation of human risk from rodent data. As a consequence, a human relevance framework concept was developed by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Risk Science Institute (RSI) with the central tenet being the identification of a mode of action (MOA). To perform a MOA analysis, the key biochemical, cellular, and molecular events need to first be established, and the temporal and dose-dependent concordance of each of the key events in the MOA can then be determined. The key events can be used to bridge species and dose for a given MOA. The next step in the MOA analysis is the assessment of biological plausibility for determining the relevance of the specified MOA in an animal model for human cancer risk based on kinetic and dynamic parameters. Using the framework approach, a MOA in animals could not be defined for metal overload. The MOA for phenobarbital (PB)-like P450 inducers was determined to be unlikely in humans after kinetic and dynamic factors were considered. In contrast, after these factors were considered with reference to estrogen, the conclusion was drawn that estrogen-induced tumors were plausible in humans. Finally, it was concluded that the induction of rodent liver tumors by porphyrogenic compounds followed a cytotoxic MOA, and that liver tumors formed as a result of sustained cytotoxicity and regenerative proliferation are considered relevant for evaluating human cancer risk if appropriate metabolism occurs in the animal models and in humans. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Wisconsin, McArdle Lab, Dept Oncol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W12 0NN, England. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Syngenta CropSci, Greensboro, NC 27419 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticides Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Holsapple, MP (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mholsapple@ilsi.org OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 41 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj001 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993XN UT WOS:000233991000005 PM 16221960 ER PT J AU Wolansky, MJ Gennings, C Crofton, KM AF Wolansky, MJ Gennings, C Crofton, KM TI Relative potencies for acute effects of pyrethroids on motor function in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pyrethroids; motor function; relative potency ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; STRUCTURE-TOXICITY RELATIONSHIPS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; II PYRETHROIDS; NEUROTOXICITY; INSECTICIDES; DELTAMETHRIN; FUTURE; CYHALOTHRIN AB The prevalence of pyrethroids in insecticide formulations has increased in the last decade. A common mode-of-action has been proposed for pyrethroids based on in vitro studies, which includes alterations in sodium channel dynamics in nervous system tissues, consequent disturbance of membrane polarization, and abnormal discharge in targeted neurons. The objective of this work was to characterize individual dose-response curves for in vivo motor function and calculate relative potencies for eleven commonly used pyrethroids. Acute oral dose-response functions were determined in adult male Long Evans rats for five Type I (bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin, permethrin, resmethrin, tefluthrin), five Type II (beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate) and one mixed Type I/II (fenpropathrin) pyrethroids (n = 8-18 per dose; 6-11 dose levels per chemical, vehicle = corn oil, at 1 ml/kg). Motor function was measured using figure-8 mazes. Animals were tested for 1 h during the period of peak effects. All pyrethroids, regardless of structural class, produced dose-dependent decreases in motor activity. Relative potencies were calculated based on the computed ED30s. Deltamethrin, with an ED30 of 2.51 mg/kg, was chosen as the index chemical. Relative potency ratios ranged from 0.009 (resmethrin) to 2.092 (esfenvalerate). Additional work with environmentally-based mixtures is needed to test the hypothesis of dose-additivity of pyrethroids. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Solveritas LLC, Virginia Biotechnol Res Pk, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. CNR, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Div Neurotoxicol, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 65 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj020 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993XN UT WOS:000233991000026 PM 16221961 ER PT J AU Warheit, DB Reed, KL Stonehuerner, JD Ghio, AJ Webb, TR AF Warheit, DB Reed, KL Stonehuerner, JD Ghio, AJ Webb, TR TI Biodegradability of para-aramid respirable-sized fiber-shaped particulates (RFP) in human lung cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE p-aramid respirable fibers; human lung cells; fiber shortening mechanisms ID PULMONARY RESPONSES; RATS; INHALATION; FIBRILS; BIOPERSISTENCE; CLEARANCE AB Using both in vivo (inhalation) and in vitro (cell culture) studies, we previously reported that p-aramid respirable fibers (RFP-defined as respirable-sized fiber-shaped particulates) are biodegraded in lungs and lung cells of rats following exposures. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether shortening mechanisms of p-aramid RFP biodegradability are also operative in human lung cells. Cultures of human A549 lung epithelial cells (A549), primary alveolar macrophages (HBAL) (collected via bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL]) from volunteers), and co-cultures (Co) of the A549 and HBAL were incubated with p-aramid RFP for either 1 h, 1 day, or 1 week to assess RFP shortening. Lengths of RFP were measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following fixation, digestion of culture tissue components, and processing. Similar to findings using rat lung cells, only slight RFP shortening was measured in A549 cultures at 1-day and 1-week post-incubation. More importantly, in HBAL and Co groups, greater transverse cleavage of p-aramid RFP was measured at 1-day and 1-week postexposure compared to 1-h HBAL or Co groups, or in any A549 groups. In contrast, cellulose RFP, a biopersistent reference control fiber, were not measurably shortened under similar circumstances. Second, p-aramid RFP were incubated either with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or acellular BAL fluids from human volunteers or rats and processed for SEM analysis of RFP lengths. Mean lengths of p-aramid RFP incubated with human or rat BAL fluids were substantially decreased compared to PBS. Similar to our findings with rat lung cells, components of human lung fluids coat the p-aramid RFP as a prerequisite for subsequent enzymatic cleavage by human phagocytic lung cells and this finding reinforces the concept that inhaled p-aramid RFP are likely to be biodegradable in the lungs of humans. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, Newark, DE 19714 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Warheit, DB (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, 1090 Elkton Rd, Newark, DE 19714 USA. EM david.b.warheit@usa.dupont.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj028 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993XN UT WOS:000233991000029 PM 16237190 ER PT J AU Tolson, JK Dix, DJ Voellmy, RW Roberts, SM AF Tolson, JK Dix, DJ Voellmy, RW Roberts, SM TI Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in Hsp70i knockout mice SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock proteins; knockout; Hsp70; acetaminophen; hepatotoxicity ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; HEPATIC-NECROSIS; HEPG2 CELLS; INDUCTION; PROTECTION; LIVER; RESISTANCE; INJURY; MOUSE; HSP27 AB The effect of the inducible forms of 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70i) on acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity was assessed in an Hsp70i knockout mouse model. Absence of the Hsp70i protein in liver was verified by monitoring Hsp levels in knockout and control mice after heat stress (41.5 degrees C water bath immersion for 30 min). Hsp70i knockout mice were more susceptible to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than controls, as indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activities 24 and 48 h after the APAP dose. Increased APAP hepatotoxicity in knockout mice was verified by morphological evaluation of liver sections. The difference in toxic response to APAP between knockout and control strain mice could not be attributed to differences in APAP bioactivation, assessed by measurement of CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase activities, hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl content, or covalent binding of reactive APAP metabolites to proteins. Pretreatment with transient hyperthermia to produce a general upregulation of Hsps resulted in decreased APAP hepatotoxicity in both the knockout and control strains. Among thermally-pretreated mice. hepatotoxicity of APAP was greater in the knockouts compared with the control strain. These observations suggest that increased Hsp70i expression in response to APAP acts to limit the extent of tissue injury. Results further suggest that other factors related to heat stress can also contribute to protection against APAP toxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, J Hillis Miller Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Florida, J Hillis Miller Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Roberts, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, J Hillis Miller Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM smr@ufl.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07213] NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 210 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.10.001 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 000HW UT WOS:000234452900022 PM 16280147 ER PT J AU Benignus, VA Coleman, T Eklund, CR Kenyon, EM AF Benignus, VA Coleman, T Eklund, CR Kenyon, EM TI A general physiological and toxicokinetic (GPAT) model for simulating complex toluene exposure scenarios in humans SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE PBTK; physiological model; toluene; exercise; human ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; BLOOD-FLOW; EXERCISE; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS; LACTATE; RATS AB Realistic simulation of environmental exposure scenarios requires dynamic methods in which exposures and human activities vary continuously as a function of time. Simulation of such complex scenarios is, with conventional physiologically based methods, a complex and programming-intensive task. The goal of the present effort was to simplify this task by combining a commercially available general whole-body human physiological model (QCP2004) with a slightly extended physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model from the literature. The QCP2004 model is a differential equation-based model similar to PBTK models except that normal organ function is simulated and the body organs are appropriately interlinked. Here QCP2004 provided estimates of physiological parameters required by the PBTK model. These were updated as the model was iteratively executed appropriate to the varying activity of the human subject. The combined general physiological model and the PBTK model was called a general physiological and toxicokinetic (GPAT) model. The GPAT model was tested and ( within the constraints of available toluene exposure experiments in the literature) found to predict toluene blood concentrations, even in dynamic situations. A model of the structure used in the present work is capable of expansion as new knowledge is developed and greater detail is desired. Similarly, multiple toxicant PBTK models can be developed and incorporated for applications to mixtures risk assessment. Additionally, toxicant effects on organ systems can be achieved by altering organ function during a simulation as a function of the internal dose of toxicants. By cumulatively adding detail to the model as new physiological and chemical-specific information becomes available, the model can become a repository of knowledge for increasingly sophisticated risk-assessment applications. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Biol Simulators Inc, Jackson, MS 39236 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Benignus, VA (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM benignus.vernon@epa.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1080/15376520500191862 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 000NC UT WOS:000234467900005 PM 20021038 ER PT J AU Burns-Naas, LA Dearman, RJ Germolec, DR Kaminski, NE Kimber, I Ladics, GS Luebke, RW Pfau, JC Pruett, SB AF Burns-Naas, LA Dearman, RJ Germolec, DR Kaminski, NE Kimber, I Ladics, GS Luebke, RW Pfau, JC Pruett, SB TI "Omics" technologies and the immune system SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Review DE omics in immunology; omics in immunotoxicology; immunomics; immunopharmacogenomics immunotoxicogenomics; gene array; allergy; autoimmunity; cytokines; dendritic cells; TCDD; dioxin; ethanol; hypersensitivity; immune-mediated disease; Langerhan's cell; mechanisms of immunotoxicity; sensitization ID INTERLEUKIN-10 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS; SKIN SENSITIZATION HAZARD; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CELLS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; IN-VITRO AB Recent advances in genomics-based identification of gene families and gene polymorphisms associated with immune system dysfunction have answered basic questions in immunology and have begun to move forward our understanding of immune-related disease processes. In toxicology, "omic" technologies have the potential to replace or supplement current immunotoxicological screening procedures, to provide insight into potential mode or mechanisms of action, and to provide data suitable for risk assessment. The application of omic technologies to the study of the immune system also has great potential to appreciably impact the diagnosis and treatment of immune-related diseases. This review focuses on the use of omic technologies in immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, specifically considering the potential for these technologies to impact chemical hazard identification, risk characterization and risk assessment, and the development and application of novel therapeutics. The state of the science of omics technologies and the immune system is addressed in terms of a continuum of understanding of how omics technologies can and cannot yet be applied in the various aspects of immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. Additionally, information gaps are identified that, once addressed, will move each area further down the continuum of understanding. C1 Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Worldwide Safety Sci, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield SK10 4TJ, Cheshire, England. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Immunol Lab, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab, Newark, DE 19714 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Biomed Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. RP Burns-Naas, LA (reprint author), Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Worldwide Safety Sci, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM leighann.buns@pfizer.com FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA009505] NR 165 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 119 DI 10.1080/15376520600558424 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 021BO UT WOS:000235957700007 PM 20021002 ER PT J AU Cyterski, M Barber, C AF Cyterski, M Barber, C TI Identification and prediction of fish assemblages in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES AB Management of aquatic resources requires meaningful assessment endpoints on which to base decisions. In freshwater streams, assessment endpoints are often defined as fish communities. Given the limited resources available for environmental monitoring, having a means of predicting fish assemblages in streams where no sampling has yet occurred would be useful. Such a tool could be used for regional screening-level analyses of fish communities and could be input into local-scale model applications for evaluating management scenarios of stream degradation or restoration. In this study, a set of fish assemblages (a list of fish species and their corresponding relative abundances) representative of different stream types in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region of the United States was defined by use of a k-means cluster analysis performed on relative abundance estimates. The cluster analysis produced 18 fish assemblages, and the following 14 species had the greatest relative abundance in at least one of the 18 assemblages: eastern blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus, bluehead chub Nocomis leptocephalus, bluntnose minnow Pimephales notatus, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum, creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, mountain redbelly dace Phoxinus oreas, redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus, rosyside dace Clinostomus funduloides, slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus, striped shiner Luxilus chrysocephalus, and white sucker Catostomus commersonii. A discriminant analysis was then used to predict a stream's potential fish assemblage based on stream and watershed characteristics. The discriminant function had a 42% success rate using the following predictors: latitude, longitude, mean stream depth, percent urban area of the watershed, and percent fine gravel on the stream bottom. The discriminant function was validated with an independent data set from a regional data collection effort in West Virginia, resulting in 44% success when classifying observed stream fish communities. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cyterski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cyterski.mike@epa.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 135 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1577/T05-011.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 013AH UT WOS:000235381500004 ER PT J AU Yan, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Yan, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY TI Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using wastewater as carbon source and activated sludge as microorganisms SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Water-Association/Asia-Pacific-Regional-Group (IWA-ASPIRE 2005) CY JUL 10-15, 2005 CL SINGAPORE SP Int Water Assoc, Asia Pacific Reg Grp DE activated sludge; bioplastics; industrial wastewater; municipal wastewater; PHA; polyhydroxyalkanoates AB Activated sludge from different full-scale wastewater treatment plants (municipal, pulp and paper industry, starch manufacturing and cheese manufacturing wastewaters) was used as a source of microorganisms to produce biodegradable plastics in shake flask experiments. Acetate, glucose and different wastewaters were used as carbon sources. Pulp and paper wastewater sludge was found to accumulate maximum concentration (43% of dry weight of suspended solids) of polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA) with acetate as carbon source. Among the different wastewaters tested as a source of carbon, pulp and paper industry and starch industry wastewaters were found to be the best source of carbon while employing pulp and paper activated sludge for maximum accumulation of PHA. High concentration of volatile fatty acids in these wastewaters was the probable reason. C1 INRS Eau, Terre & Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Yan, S (reprint author), INRS Eau, Terre & Environm, 490,Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 8 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.2166/wst.2006.193 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 051EF UT WOS:000238143000025 PM 16749455 ER PT J AU Lewis, LK Lobachev, K Westmoreland, JW Karthikeyan, G Williamson, KM Jordan, JJ Resnick, MA AF Lewis, LK Lobachev, K Westmoreland, JW Karthikeyan, G Williamson, KM Jordan, JJ Resnick, MA TI Use of a restriction endonuclease cytotoxicity assay to identify inducible GAL1 promoter variants with reduced basal activity SO GENE LA English DT Article DE nuclease; activator; repressor; expression vector ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE DNA; YEAST EXPRESSION VECTORS; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BUDDING YEAST; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; TRANSCRIPTION; GALACTOSE AB Inducible promoter fusions are commonly employed to study the biological functions of genes as well as to investigate mechanisms of transcription regulation. A concern for many studies of heterologous gene expression is that steady state transcription may be too high under non-inducing conditions, producing undesired phenotypes prior to induction. Fusions containing the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter joined to PvuII, a bacterial DNA endonuclease gene, are toxic to yeast cells even under non-inducing conditions, i.e., in glucose media. This toxicity was utilized in conjunction with PCR-based mutagenesis of the GAL1 regulatory region to isolate mutant promoters that retained high inducibility but exhibited reduced basal level expression. The Mig1 repressor binding and putative TATA box regions were unchanged among four mutant promoters examined in detail. However, each promoter contained one or more mutations within previously identified binding sites for the Gal4 activator protein. Genetic assays developed to monitor GAL1p:1-Sce1 endonuclease-induced recombination demonstrated that basal expression from two of the new promoters (designated GAL1-V4 and GAL1-V10) was strongly reduced. These experiments and additional quantitative luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrate the utility of the approach for identifying promoters that permit more tightly controlled gene expression. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM LL18@txstate.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 19 PY 2005 VL 363 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2005.09.007 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 996ID UT WOS:000234166700021 PM 16289630 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ Kollins, SH Swanson, JM Greenhill, LL Wigal, T Elliott, GR Vitiello, B AF Preston, RJ Kollins, SH Swanson, JM Greenhill, LL Wigal, T Elliott, GR Vitiello, B TI Comments on 'Cytogenetic effects in children treated with methylphenidate' by El-Zein et al. SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Duke ADHD Program, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Res Unit Pediat Psychopharmacol Psychosocial Inte, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Childrens Ctr Langley Porter, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov RI Kollins, Scott/G-2965-2012 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2005 VL 230 IS 2 BP 292 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.05.038 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 991EH UT WOS:000233794600012 PM 16019134 ER PT J AU Barrett, WM Yang, J AF Barrett, WM Yang, J TI Development of a chemical process modeling environment based on CAPE-OPEN interface standards and the Microsoft .NET framework SO COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE process simulation; CAPE-OPEN; Microsoft .NET; process modeling environment; process modeling components ID REDUCTION WAR ALGORITHM AB Chemical process simulation has long been used as a design tool in the development of chemical plants, and has long been considered a means to evaluate different design options. The CAPE-OPEN interface standards were developed to allow process modeling components to be used in any compliant process modeling environment. Use of the CAPE-OPEN interfaces and the NET framework will allow the application described here to develop into a distributed, cross platform simulation and process control environment that can be easily extended to incorporate novel chemical process computing applications. The current effort is the development of a process simulator built to use process modeling components that implement the CAPE-OPEN interfaces. This paper describes the process modeling components and the process modeling environment developed as part of an application intended to evaluate the processes that generate wastes in a metal finishing process. Ultimately, this program will be made available to the general community as an open-source application. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Barrett, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Barrett.Williamm@epa.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-1354 J9 COMPUT CHEM ENG JI Comput. Chem. Eng. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.08.017 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 995TB UT WOS:000234125800002 ER PT J AU Brown, JS AF Brown, JS TI Particle inhalability at low wind speeds SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPIRATION EFFICIENCY; ORONASAL DISTRIBUTION; AEROSOL INHALABILITY; AIR-FLOW; MODEL; ANGLES; DUST AB Accurate quantification of the dose delivered by aerosol exposures is essential for estimating the risk of potential adverse health effects. The fraction of airborne particles that can enter the nose or mouth during inhalation is referred to as the inspirable particulate mass fraction. This inhalable fraction is equivalent to delivered dose for particles greater than approximately 25 mu m (aerodynamic particle diameter, d(ae)), which deposit completely and almost exclusively in the extrathoracic airways. Particle inhalability at high wind speeds (1-9 m/s) has been well characterized. However, there is a paucity of data describing the inhalability of particles at low wind speeds (<= 0.3 m/s), which are typical of indoor environments. High-wind-speed criteria poorly describe inhalability at low wind speeds. Based on the aspiration efficiencies of blunt and sharp-edged inlets, a function was developed for oral inhalability, P(I-O), of particles at low wind speeds. This function predicts a slow decline in P(I-O) from 0.95 at d(ae) = 8 mu m, to 0.5 at d(ae) = 74 mu m, and 0.1 at d(ae) = 175 mu m. Data available from the literature for inhalability at relatively low wind speeds during oral breathing are well described by this logistic function (r(2) = 0.69). C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 14 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1080/08958370500241296 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 982JA UT WOS:000233152700006 PM 16282161 ER PT J AU Lippmann, M Cassee, FR Costa, DL Costantini, M van Erp, AM Gordon, T AF Lippmann, M Cassee, FR Costa, DL Costantini, M van Erp, AM Gordon, T TI International workshop on the design and analysis of experimental studies using PM concentrator technologies, Boston, May 5, 2004 SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A workshop that brought together representatives of most of the laboratories that have conducted animal and/or human inhalation exposure studies with concentrated ambient air particles (CAPs) was convened by the Health Effects Institute in Boston on May 5, 2004. Participants agreed that CAPs researchers need to make serious efforts to harmonize their experimental and analytical protocols to permit the sharing of lessons learned, questions raised, and opportunities for more definitive studies. Standardized outcome measures based on spirometry and response markers in lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and fluids exist, including the appropriate times after exposure to collect samples and measurements. However, for the emerging focus on cardiac system responses, there are many different electrocardiographic (ECG) endpoints being examined, and little standardization on markers that are most informative about adverse effects; on when the measurements need to be made; and on how to make comparable measurements. The workshop focused on two aspects of dealing with these complexities: sorting out influential particulate matter (PM) components responsible for observed effects, and searching for time-varying responses in continuous outcome data. The need for more complete analyses of PM samples from the CAPs studies was also emphasized, as was obtaining a consistent set of parameters characterizing exposure atmospheres and the ambient PM from which the CAPs are sampled. CAPs studies have already had a significant impact within the air pollution health effects community, especially in regard to cardiovascular system effects, and a follow-up meeting with a greater focus on means to harmonize data collection and analysis is needed. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Lippmann, M (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM lippmann@env.med.nyu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260] NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 14 BP 839 EP 850 DI 10.1080/08958370500241320 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 982JA UT WOS:000233152700007 PM 16282162 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TL Kieber-Emmons, T AF Whitehead, TL Kieber-Emmons, T TI Applying in vitro NMR spectroscopy and H-1 NMR metabonomics to breast cancer characterization and detection SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; metabonomics; plasma; metabolic profile ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; MR SPECTROSCOPY; SEX-HORMONES; METABOLISM; TISSUE; TUMORS; VIVO; SPECTRA; MARKERS; BENIGN C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Canc Res Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Whitehead, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM whitehead.tracy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6565 J9 PROG NUCL MAG RES SP JI Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2005.09.001 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 995GY UT WOS:000234090000003 ER PT J AU Aoyama, H Couse, JF Hewitt, SC Haseman, JK He, H Zheng, XL Majstoravich, S Korach, KS Dixon, D AF Aoyama, H Couse, JF Hewitt, SC Haseman, JK He, H Zheng, XL Majstoravich, S Korach, KS Dixon, D TI Upregulation of estrogen receptor expression in the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and Ishikawa cells treated with bromoethane SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromoethane; mouse; uterus; ishikawa; estrogen receptor alpha ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; RAT UTEROTROPHIC BIOASSAY; TRANSGENIC MICE; BREAST-CANCER; OECD PROGRAM; IN-VITRO; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; ALPHA; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL AB In a 2-year NTP bioassay, Bromoethane (BE) was found to induce endometrial neoplasms in the uterus of B6C3F1 mice [National Toxicology Program, 1989. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Bromoethane (Ethyl Bromide) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. TR No. 363, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC; Picut, C.A., Aoyama, H., Holder, J.W., Gold, L.S., Maronpot, R.R., Dixon, D., 2003. Bromoethane, chloroethane and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays: pathology and incidence data revisited. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 55, 1-9]. In women, hormonal influences, such as "unopposed" estrogenic stimulus, have been implicated as important etiologic factors in uterine cancer. BE, however, does not affect the serum concentrations of sex hormones in female B6C3F1 mice [Bucher, J.R., Morgan, D.L., Adkins Jr., B. Travlos, G.S., Davis, B.J., Morris, R., Elwell, M.R., 1995. Early changes in sex hormones are not evident in mice exposed to the uterine carcinogens chloroethane or bromoethane. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 130, 169-173] and the mechanism of BE-induced uterine carcinogenesis still remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the estrogenic effects of BE on the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and on Ishikawa cells. Groups of 6 mice were given daily s.c. injections of 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg BE/kg for 3 consecutive days. Mice treated with 17 beta-estradiol served as positive controls. Mice were necropsied 24 h after the final injection, and uteri were weighed and examined histologically and immunohistochemically along with the vagina. Changes observed in the estrogen-treated mice included increased uterine weights, edema and inflammation of the endometrium, increased epithelial layers of the uterine and vaginal lumens and keratinization of the vaginal epithelium. In the BE-treated mice, no such changes occurred; however, immunohistochemical staining of the uterus revealed a significant increase in immunoexpression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) in the two higher dose groups. Analysis of mRNA also showed slightly increased uterine ER alpha expression in these groups. Upregulated expression of ER alpha was confirmed in BE-treated Ishikawa cells, in which Western blotting analyses identified an intense signal at approximately 66 kDa, which is consistent with ER alpha. These data suggest that upregulated expression of ER alpha may be important in the induction of endometrial neoplasms in BE-treated mice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dixon, D (reprint author), Inst Environm Toxicol, Lab Reprod Toxicol, 4321 Uchimoriya Machi, Ibaraki 3030043, Japan. EM dixon@niehs.nih.gov OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 3 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.012 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 995SV UT WOS:000234125100004 PM 15922381 ER PT J AU Guo, TL Chi, RP Karrow, NA Zhang, LX Pruett, SB Germolec, DR White, KL AF Guo, TL Chi, RP Karrow, NA Zhang, LX Pruett, SB Germolec, DR White, KL TI Thalidomide enhances both primary and secondary host resistances to Listeria monocytogenes infection by a neutrophil-related mechanism in female B6C3F1 mice SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thalidomide; neutrophils; rodent; Listeria ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; LOW-DOSE THALIDOMIDE; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; CELLS; RESPONSES; LYMPHOCYTES; MODULATION; ACTIVATION; INHIBITORS AB Previously, we have reported that thalidomide can modulate the immune responses in female B6C3F1 mice. Furthermore, thalidomide immunomodulation increased primary host resistance to intravenously infected Listeria monocytogenes. The present study was intended to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced host resistance to L. monocytogenes by focusing on the neutrophils. Female B6C3F1 mice were treated intraperitoneally with thalidomide (100 mg/kg) for 15 days. Exposure to thalidomide increased the numbers of neutrophils in the spleens and livers of L. monocytogenes-infected mice when compared to the L. monocytogenes-infected control mice. Additionally, the percentage of neutrophils was also significantly increased after Thd treatment in L. monocytogenes-infected mice. Further studies using antibodies to deplete corresponding cells indicated that thalidomide-mediated increase in primary host resistance (both the moribundity and colony counts in the liver and spleen) to L. monocytogenes infection was due to its effect on neutrophils but not CD8(+) T cells or NK cells. Finally, Thd exposure also increased host resistance to secondary host resistance to L. monocytogenes infection, and depletion of neutrophils abolished the protective effect. In conclusion, thalidomide enhanced host resistance to both primary and secondary L. monocytogenes infections by a neutrophil-related mechanism in female B6C3F1 mice. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. LSU, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular Biol & Anat, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Guo, TL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, POB 980316, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM tlguo@hsc.vcu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 55387, R21ES 012286] NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 3 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.014 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 995SV UT WOS:000234125100006 PM 15921716 ER PT J AU Levinson, B AF Levinson, B TI Remote sensing and the EPA estuarine and great lakes research program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INDICATORS C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Levinson, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM Levinson.Barbara@epamail.epa.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 23 BP 5343 EP 5346 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 001AO UT WOS:000234504800013 ER PT J AU Freeman, LEB Bonner, MR Blair, A Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Lubin, JH Dosemeci, M Lynch, CF Knott, C Alavanja, MCR AF Freeman, LEB Bonner, MR Blair, A Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Lubin, JH Dosemeci, M Lynch, CF Knott, C Alavanja, MCR TI Cancer incidence among male pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study cohort exposed to diazinon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; diazinon; insecticides; neoplasms; pesticides ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; LUNG-CANCER; CELLS; IMMUNOTOXICITY; GENOTOXICITY; INDUCTION; CHEMICALS AB Little is known about the potential carcinogenicity associated with routine application of diazinon, a common organophosphate insecticide. The authors explored a possible association of diazinon exposure with cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in 1993-1997. A total of 23,106 male applicators provided information in a self-administered questionnaire. Among 4,961 applicators who reported using diazinon, 301 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period ending December 2002 compared with 968 cases among 18,145 participants who reported no use. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Two quantitative exposure metrics were used: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days, a measure that incorporates probability of pesticide exposure with lifetime pesticide application frequency. When lifetime exposure days were used, increased risks for the highest tertile of exposure and significant tests for trend for lung cancer and leukemia were observed. No other cancer site showed an association with diazinon for the highest tertile of exposure. Because these results were based on small numbers, additional analyses are necessary as more cases accrue to clarify whether diazinon is associated with cancer risk in humans. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS 8000,6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 31 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 11 BP 1070 EP 1079 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi321 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 986ZT UT WOS:000233488900004 PM 16236997 ER PT J AU Yamamura, K Steenbergen, C Murphy, E AF Yamamura, K Steenbergen, C Murphy, E TI Protein kinase C and preconditioning: Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium; protein kinase C-epsilon; 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn glycerol; protein phosphatase 1 ID ISOLATED RAT-HEART; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; INDUCED CARDIOPROTECTION; RABBIT CARDIOMYOCYTES; SIGNALING MODULES; PHORBOL ESTER; PKC-EPSILON; TROPONIN-I; PHOSPHOLAMBAN; TRANSLOCATION AB Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is cardioprotective, but the mechanism(s) by which PKC mediates protection is not fully understood. Inasmuch as PKC has been well documented to modulate sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ and because altered SR Ca2+ handling during ischemia is involved in cardioprotection, we examined the role of PKC-mediated alterations of SR Ca2+ in cardioprotection. Using isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes, we found that addition of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG), to activate PKC under conditions that reduced myocyte death associated with simulated ischemia and reperfusion, also reduced SR Ca-2+. Cell death was 57.9 +/- 2.9% and 47.3 +/- 1.8% in untreated and DOG-treated myocytes, respectively (P < 0.05). Using fura 2 fluorescence to monitor Ca2+ transients and caffeine-releasable SR Ca2+, we examined the effect of DOG on SR Ca2+. Caffeine-releasable SR Ca2+ was significantly reduced (by similar to 65%) after 10 min of DOG treatment compared with untreated myocytes (P < 0.05). From our examination of the mechanism by which PKC alters SR Ca2+, we present the novel finding that DOG treatment reduced the phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) at Ser(16). This effect is mediated by PKC-epsilon, because a PKC-epsilon-selective inhibitory peptide blocked the DOG-mediated decrease in phosphorylation of PLB and abolished the DOG-induced reduction in caffeine-releasable SR Ca2+. Using immunoprecipitation, we further demonstrated that DOG increased the association between protein phosphatase 1 and PLB. These data suggest that activated PKC-epsilon reduces SR Ca2+ content through PLB dephosphorylation and that reduced SR Ca2+ may be important in cardioprotection. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Murphy, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 10,F2-07, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM murphy1@niehs.nih.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL039752] NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 289 IS 6 BP H2484 EP H2490 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00590.2005 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 982QL UT WOS:000233176600029 PM 16055516 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Jacobs, E Schwarzschild, MA McCullough, ML Calle, EE Thun, MJ Ascherio, A AF Chen, HL Jacobs, E Schwarzschild, MA McCullough, ML Calle, EE Thun, MJ Ascherio, A TI Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-SALICYLATE; NEUROPROTECTION; ACTIVATION; ASPIRIN; MODEL AB We investigated whether nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use was associated with a lower risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a large cohort of US men and women. PD risk was lower among ibuprofen users than nonusers. Compared with nonusers, the relative risks were 0.73 for users of fewer than 2 tablets/week, 0.72 for 2 to 6.9 tablets/week, and 0.62 for 1 or more tablets/day (p trend=0.03). No association was found between the use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal and inflammatory drugs, or acetaminophen and PD risk. The results suggest that ibuprofen use may delay or prevent the onset of PD. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ascherio, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 48468] NR 18 TC 239 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 963 EP 967 DI 10.1002/ana.20682 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 989WE UT WOS:000233703900021 PM 16240369 ER PT J AU Schomberg, JD Host, G Johnson, LB Richards, C AF Schomberg, JD Host, G Johnson, LB Richards, C TI Evaluating the influence of landform, surficial geology, and land use on streams using hydrologic simulation modeling SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; geology; land use; Minnesota; Michigan; SWAT; watershed modeling ID WATER-QUALITY; SWAT MODEL; PHOSPHORUS; LANDSCAPE; RIVER; URBANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; POLLUTION; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB Land use and geology are two important extrinsic factors regulating the structure and function of stream ecosystems. The interactions among these two landscape-scale factors on streams are, however, poorly understood. To determine the effects of these factors on stream flow, sediment, and nutrients, we analyzed 72 ungaged, agricultural watersheds in Minnesota and Michigan using the hydrologic model SWAT (the Soil Water Assessment Tool). The watersheds differed in surficial geology (landform) and land use, but were of similar size, with streams ranging from 2(nd) to 3(rd) stop order. SWAT was developed for use on ungaged basins, but to improve the outputs we used US Geological Survey discharge data from sites near our study watersheds for calibration. We found seasonal and annual differences in flow and nutrient and sediment loading across different land forms and land use types. Watersheds with greater amounts of row-crop agriculture and watersheds dominated by morainal landforms were associated with more sediment and nutrients and greater flow volumes and flashiness. Multivariate analyses identified at least nine landscape variables which were related to nutrients, sediment, and flow, although the responses varied between Minnesota and Michigan. Results also indicated the possibility of a threshold effect for row crop agricultural. Increases in this land use had little additional effect on nutrients or flow when percent row crop exceeds the threshold value. At moderate to high levels of row crop agriculture, watersheds appeared to show greater sensitivity to differences in landform. C1 Minnesota Sea Grant Coll Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Minnesota Sea Grant Coll Program, 2305 E 5th St, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM jschombe@umn.edu NR 53 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 EI 1420-9055 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 528 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s00027-005-0785-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 992ER UT WOS:000233867700013 ER PT J AU Taulbee, WK Cooper, SD Melack, JM AF Taulbee, WK Cooper, SD Melack, JM TI Effects of nutrient enrichment on algal biomass across a natural light gradient SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE nutrient-light interactions; stream periphyton; nutrient diffusion substrate; nitrogen limitation ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; PERIPHYTON; IRRADIANCE; LIMITATION; COMMUNITY; BALANCE; SYSTEM; GROWTH; METAANALYSIS; RETENTION AB Algae are limited by light and nutrients, and the combined effects of light and nutrients on algae are often more important than their independent effects. To investigate the interactive effects of light and nutrients on benthic algae, we measured the effects of nutrient enrichment on chlorophyll-a concentrations across a natural light gradient in a Sierra Nevada subalpine stream using nutrient diffusing substrata (NDS) bioassays during the summer of 1999. Algal chlorophylla concentrations were nitrogen limited across the entire light gradient. Chlorophyll-a concentrations increased with increasing light levels for algae growing on substrata to which nitrogen was added, whereas chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased with increasing light levels for algae growing on substrata receiving phosphorus or no nutrient additions. These results demonstrate that for essential resources such as light and nutrients, the magnitude of the response to enrichment by one resource depends on the relative availability of the other resource. C1 US EPA, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Taulbee, WK (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-690, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM taulbee.keith@epamail.epa.gov NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 164 IS 4 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0164-0449 PG 16 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 000AJ UT WOS:000234433000002 ER PT J AU Bouali, H Nowling, T Cooper, GS Dooley, MA Nietert, PJ Gilkeson, G AF Bouali, H Nowling, T Cooper, GS Dooley, MA Nietert, PJ Gilkeson, G TI Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?) polymorphisms and demographic factors: Their association with lupus nephritis in the CLU cohort. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 12 BP 4084 EP 4085 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 995VC UT WOS:000234131500128 ER PT J AU Sihabut, T Ray, J Northcross, A McDow, SR AF Sihabut, T Ray, J Northcross, A McDow, SR TI Sampling artifact estimates for alkanes, hopanes, and aliphatic carboxylic acids SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic aerosol; sampling artifact; GCMS; n-alkanes; hopanes; carboxylic acids ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; GAS; TRACERS; AEROSOL; PHASE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Sampling artifacts for molecular markers from organic speciation of particulate matter were investigated by analyzing forty-one samples collected in Philadelphia as a part of the Northeast Oxidant and Particulate Study (NEOPS). Samples were collected using a high volume sampler with two quartz fiber filters in series. n-Alkanes (C23-C31), hopanes (C27-C31), and n-alkanoic acids (C10-C22) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The extent of artifact error was dependent on vapor pressure and species concentration. Particulate organic species are classified into the following three categories: (1) the amount collected on the backup filter was often a large fraction of the amount collected on the front filters (n-alkanes C23 and C24, n-carboxylic acids C10-C14); (2) the amount collected on the backup filter was consistently a small fraction of the amount collected on the front filter (n-alkanes C25-C28, hopanes C27-C30, n-carboxylic acids C15-C18, and dicarboxylic acids C3-C9); (3) the species was rarely observed on backup filters (n-alkanes C29-C31, hopanes C31 and C32). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Drexel Univ, Environm Sci Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP McDow, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 37 BP 6945 EP 6956 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.053 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986TZ UT WOS:000233473900001 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Lindberg, SE Ho, TC Jang, C AF Lin, CJ Lindberg, SE Ho, TC Jang, C TI Development of a processor in BEIS3 for estimating vegetative mercury emission in the continental United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Jozef Stefan Inst, Minist Educ Sci & Sport, Minist Hlth, Minist Environm & Phys Planning, Thermo Powerplant Sostanj, Salonit Anhovo, Slovenian Tourist Board, Ljubljana Turist Boart, Mercury Mind Idrija, Crankarjev Dom, US EPA, Elect Power Res Inst, Tetra Tech Inc, Tekran Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, GKSS Germany, UNEP, Exponent, GEF, UNDP, UNIDO, EUROCHLOR, NIMD, CEBAM Analyt Inc, Lumex, Int Res Dev Ctr Canada DE mercury emission; natural source; anthropogenic source; emission inventory estimates; BEIS3 ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; EXCHANGE; MODEL; DEPOSITION; FOREST; VAPOR; FLUX; FORMULATION; SIMULATION AB We have developed a regression-based processor for estimating vegetative mercury emission within the framework of Biogenic Emission Inventory System Version 3.11 (BEIS3 V3.11). In this development, we incorporated the 230 categories of USGS landcover data to generate the vegetation-specific mercury emission in a 36-km Lambert Conformal model grid covering the continental United States (CONUS). The surface temperature and cloud-corrected solar radiation from a Mesoscale Meteorological model (MM5) were retrieved and used for calculating the diurnal variation. The implemented emission factors were either evaluated from the measured mercury flux data for selected tree species, wetland and water, or assumed for the tree species without available flux data. Annual simulations using the 2001 USEPA MM5 data were performed to investigate the seasonal emission variation. From our sensitivity analysis using three sets of emission factors, we estimated that the vegetative mercury emission in the CONUS domain ranges from a lower limit of 31 ton yr(-1) to an upper limit of 140 ton yr-1, with the best estimate at 44 ton yr-1. The modeled vegetative emission was mainly contributed from southeast US. Using the best estimate data, it is shown that mercury emission from vegetation is comparable to that from anthropogenic sources in summer (nearly half of the total emission). However, the vegetative emission decreases greatly in winter, leaving anthropogenic sources as the major emission source (> 90% in winter months). Modeling assessment indicates that including vegetative emission (44 toll yr-1) can force an increase of ambient mercury concentration of up to 0.2 ng m(-3) in summer midday, but has little impact on dry deposition of mercury. Additional emission factors can be implemented in the model once further mercury flux data become available. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM Jerry.Lin@Lamar.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013 OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 39 BP 7529 EP 7540 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.044 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 995CG UT WOS:000234076900009 ER PT J AU Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Landis, MS Stevens, RK TI Atmospheric mercury behavior at different altitudes at Ny Alesund during Spring 2003 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Jozef Stefan Inst, Minist Educ Sci & Sport, Minist Hlth, Minist Environm & Phys Planning, Thermo Powerplant Sostanj, Salonit Anhovo, Slovenian Tourist Board, Ljubljana Turist Boart, Mercury Mind Idrija, Crankarjev Dom, US EPA, Elect Power Res Inst, Tetra Tech Inc, Tekran Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, GKSS Germany, UNEP, Exponent, GEF, UNDP, UNIDO, EUROCHLOR, NIMD, CEBAM Analyt Inc, Lumex, Int Res Dev Ctr Canada DE mercury; Arctic; reactive gaseous mercury; Zeppelin station; depletion; polar spring; Dirigibile Italia; AMDEs ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; SEA-ICE COVER; POLAR SUNRISE; AMBIENT AIR; OZONE DESTRUCTION; PHASE MERCURY; DEPLETION; SNOW; METHODOLOGY; EMISSIONS AB Intensive field measurements of atmospheric mercury and related species were carried out in Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen, during the spring of 2003 at two altitudes. Measurements were made at the Italian research station Dirigibile Italia (12 m a.s.l.) and on the top of Zeppelin Mountain at the Norwegian Research Station (474 m a.s.l.). Ambient concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury, divalent reactive gaseous mercury and particulate phase mercury were semi-continuously measured at both sites using an integrated Tekran system. Atmospheric elemental gaseous mercury depletion events (AMDEs) were observed at both locations, the lowest observed Hgo concentration was 0.3 ng m(-3). At sea level, mercury species concentrations following AMDEs were found to be higher and to exhibit larger variability in comparison to those observed at Zeppelin station. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Inst Atmospher Pollut, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pirrone, N (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmospher Pollut, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. EM n.pirrone@cs.iia.cnr.it RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 39 BP 7646 EP 7656 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 995CG UT WOS:000234076900020 ER PT J AU Ray, J McDow, SR AF Ray, J McDow, SR TI Dicarboxylic acid concentration trends and sampling artifacts SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dicarboxylic acids; secondary organic aerosol; sampling artifacts ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SOCS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT AIR AB Dicarboxylic acids associated with airborne particulate matter were measured during a summer period in Philadelphia that included multiple air pollution episodes. Samples were collected for two 10 h periods each day using a high-volume sampler with two quartz fiber filters in series, and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with diazomethane derivatization. Among the dicarboxylic acids investigated, phthalic acid and adipic acid exhibited the greatest diurnal variations and the strongest linear relationship with maximum daily ozone concentration. Dicarboxylic acids and ozone concentration exhibited a poor linear relationship with organic to elemental carbon ratio. All species investigated were affected by significant sampling artifact errors at low concentrations, but sampling errors were negligible at high concentrations observed during ozone episodes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Drexel Univ, Environm Sci Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP McDow, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 55 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 40 BP 7906 EP 7919 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.024 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 998IE UT WOS:000234311100019 ER PT J AU Binhi, VN Blackman, CF AF Binhi, VN Blackman, CF TI Analysis of the structure of magnetic fields that induced inhibition of stimulated neurite outgrowth SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE biological effects of magnetic fields; non-thermal effects; nonuniform magnetic fields; PC-12 cells ID PARAMETRIC RESONANCE MODEL; CALCIUM-ION EFFLUX; LOW-FREQUENCY; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; BRAIN-TISSUE; NERVE-CELLS; STRENGTH; ELF AB The important experiments showing nonlinear amplitude dependences of the neurite outgrowth in pheochromocytorna nerve cells due to ELF magnetic field exposure had been carried out in a nonuniform ac magnetic field. The nommiformity entailed larger than expected variances in magnetic field magnitudes associated with specific levels of biological effects, thereby evoking a question about validity of the interpretations formulated for the case of a uniform field. In this work, we calculate the relative value of nonuniformity and deviations in ac magnetic field. It is shown that these factors do not affect the main conclusion in the original papers about the form of the amplitude dependence of the observed biological effect. C1 RAS, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Binhi, VN (reprint author), RAS, Inst Gen Phys, 38 Vavilova St, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM vb@biomag.info RI Binhi, Vladimir/H-9370-2016; OI Blackman, Carl/0000-0003-3267-5224 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1002/bem.20180 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 983DC UT WOS:000233210300009 PM 16189823 ER PT J AU Cairns, CE Villanueva-Gutierrez, R Koptur, S Bray, DB AF Cairns, CE Villanueva-Gutierrez, R Koptur, S Bray, DB TI Bee populations, forest disturbance, and africanization in Mexico SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Africanized honeybees; Apis mellifera; competition; diversify; forest disturbance; land use; Maya; Meliponinae; Mexico; pollination; Quintana Roo; stingless bees; Yucatan ID HONEY-BEES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POLLINATORS AB This stud), documents the stingless bees' (Meliponinae) recent displacement in the Yucatan (Quintana Roo, Mexico) and the effects of human-induced ecosystem disturbance on bee diversity. Point observations of flower-visiting bees were made along transects in three communities with different degrees of human-induced ecosystem disturbance. The community with the greatest anthropogenic disturbance had lower overall species richness of stingless bees and the highest degree of dominance of the Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata), while the area with the most intact ecosystem had the highest diversity of stingless bees, though A. mellifera was still the dominant species. We observed aggressive competitive behavior involving physical attacks by A. mellifera against stingless bees, indicating that Africanized honeybees are adopting new behaviors to compete better with dominant native pollinator species. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US EPA, Air Pesticides & Tox Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. ECOSUR, Chetumal 77900, Quintana Roc, Mexico. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Cairns, CE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM cairns.christine@epa.gov RI Koptur, Suzanne/B-7809-2009 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 686 EP 692 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00087.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990TT UT WOS:000233766800022 ER PT J AU Golub, M Costa, L Crofton, K Frank, D Fried, P Gladen, B Henderson, R Liebelt, E Lusskin, S Marty, S Rowland, A Scialli, J Vore, M AF Golub, M Costa, L Crofton, K Frank, D Fried, P Gladen, B Henderson, R Liebelt, E Lusskin, S Marty, S Rowland, A Scialli, J Vore, M TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of amphetamine and methamphetamine SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; KINASE-A ACTIVITY; EARLY POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; REAGGREGATE TISSUE-CULTURE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM STIMULANTS; STRIATAL DOPAMINE RELEASE; D-2-LIKE BINDING-SITES; PRENATAL D-AMPHETAMINE C1 Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. RP Golub, M (reprint author), Care of Shelby MD, NIEHS, EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 258 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 74 IS 6 BP 471 EP 584 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20048 PG 114 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 999MX UT WOS:000234394800001 PM 16167346 ER PT J AU Santen, RJ Lobenhofer, EK Afshari, CA Bao, Y Song, RX AF Santen, RJ Lobenhofer, EK Afshari, CA Bao, Y Song, RX TI Adaptation of estrogen-regulated genes in long-term estradiol deprived MCF-7 breast cancer cells SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE estradiol; estrogen; breast cancer; MCF-7 cells; cellular adaptation ID HORMONE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH; DNA-REPLICATION FORK; NF-KAPPA-B; C-MYC; ADAPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY; KINASE-ACTIVITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB First line treatment of hormone dependent breast cancer initially causes tumor regression but later results in adaptive changes and tumor re-growth. Responses to second line treatments occur but tumors again begin to progress after a period of 12-18 months. In depth understanding of the adaptive process would allow the identification of targets to abrogate the development of hormonal resistance and prolong the efficacy of endocrine therapy. We have developed a model system to examine adaptive changes in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Upon deprivation of estradiol for a prolonged period of time, a maneuver analogous to surgical oophorectomy in pre-menopausal women and use of aromatase inhibitors in post-menopausal patients, tumor cells adapt and become hypersensitive to estradiol. We reasoned that the expression pattern of multiple genes would change in response to estradiol deprivation and that cDNA microarrays would provide an efficient means of assessing these changes. Accordingly, we examined the transcriptional responses to estradiol in long-term estradiol deprived (LTED) MCF-7 cells with a cDNA microarray containing 1901 known genes and ESTs. To assess the changes induced by long-term estradiol deprivation, we compared the effects of estradiol administration in LTED cells with those in MCF-7 cells, which we had previously reported, and confirmed with real time PCR using the parental and LTED cells. Seven genes and one EST were induced by estradiol in LTED but not in wild type MCF-7 cells, whereas ten genes were down-regulated by estradiol only in LTED cells. The expression of seven genes increased concurrently and five decreased in response to estradiol in both cell types. From these observations, we generated testable hypotheses regarding several genes including DKFZP, RAP-1, ribosomal protein S6, and TM4SF1. Based upon the known functions of these genes and the patterns of observed changes, we postulate that divergent regulation of these genes may contribute to the different biologic responses to estrogen in these cell lines. These results provide targets for further mechanistic studies in our experimental system. Our findings indicate that long-term estradiol deprivation causes expression changes in multiple genes and emphasizes the complexity of the process of cellular adaptation. C1 Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Div Endocrinol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Icoria Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Microbiol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Santen, RJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Div Endocrinol, POB 801416, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM mn7f@virginia.edu NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 94 IS 3 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s10549-005-5776-4 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 986XV UT WOS:000233483900004 PM 16258703 ER PT J AU Fricke, MW Zeller, M Sun, H Lai, VWM Cullen, WR Shoemaker, JA Witkowski, MR Creed, JT AF Fricke, MW Zeller, M Sun, H Lai, VWM Cullen, WR Shoemaker, JA Witkowski, MR Creed, JT TI Chromatographic separation and identification of products from the reaction of dimethylarsinic acid with hydrogen sulfide SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS; TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METABOLITE; GLUTATHIONE; TOXICITY; URINE; RATS; DIMETHYLDITHIOARSINATE; REARRANGEMENT AB The reaction of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is of biological significance and may be implicated in the overall toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic. The course of the reaction in aqueous phase was monitored, and an initial product, dimethylthioarsinic acid, was observed by using LC-ICP-MS and LC-ESI-MS. Dimethylarsinous acid was observed as a minor product. A second slower-forming product was identified, and the electrospray mass chromatograms for this species produced ions at m/z 275, 171, and 137 in positive mode. To aid in the identification of this slower-forming product, crystalline standards of sodium dimethyldithioarsinate and dimethylarsino dimethyldithioarsinate were prepared and re-characterized by using improved spectroscopic and structural analysis techniques. An aqueous solution of sodium dimethyldithioarsinate produced a single major chromatographic peak that matched the retention time (7.6 min) of the slower-forming product and contained similar molecular ions at m/z 275, 171, and 137 via LC-ESI-MS. The dimethylarsino dimethyldithioarsinate standard produced four aqueous phase species one of which coeluted with the slower forming product. This coeluting peak also produced the identical ESI-MS ions as the slower-forming product of DMA(V) + H2S. ESI-MS/MS experiments conducted on sodium dimethyldithioarsinate in deuterated water produced molecular ions at m/z 276, 173, and 137. Subsequent collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) experiments on m/z 276 did not produce a product ion at m/z 173. These data indicate that two different species are present in solution, while NMR data indicate that only dimethyldithioarsinic acid exists in aqueous solutions. This discrepancy was investigated by conducting NMR studies on the acidic solution of sodium dimethyldithioarsinate after taking this solution to dryness. The resolubilized solution produced a proton NMR signal characteristic of dimethylarsino dimethyldithioarsinate. Therefore, it was concluded that the ESI-MS ion at m/z 275 associated with the slowly forming second reaction product and the sodium dimethyldithioarsinate compound is a product of the ESI desolvation process. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. United States Food & Drug Adm, Vibrat Spect Lab, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creedjack@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009; Zeller, Matthias/C-2255-2009 OI Zeller, Matthias/0000-0002-3305-852X NR 44 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1821 EP 1829 DI 10.1021/tx050227d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 004XY UT WOS:000234787200005 PM 16359172 ER PT J AU Kailasam, S Rogers, KR AF Kailasam, S Rogers, KR TI Fluorescence-based assay for DNA damage induced by toxic chemicals. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 230th National Meeting of the ACS CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associate, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Kailasam.Srividya@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 MA 74 BP 1983 EP 1983 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 004XY UT WOS:000234787200093 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL Moore, MM AF Dearfield, KL Moore, MM TI Use of genetic toxicology information for risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; mutagenic mode of action; genetic toxicology ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; SALMONELLA TESTER STRAIN; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; ASSAY WORKING GROUP; TRANSGENIC MICE; IN-VITRO; PESTICIDE CHEMICALS; TUMOR PROGRESSION; SHUTTLE VECTORS; MUTATION ASSAY AB Genetic toxicology data are used worldwide in regulatory decision-making. On the 25th anniversary of Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, we think it is important to provide a brief overview of the currently available genetic toxicity tests and to outline a framework for conducting weight-of-the-evidence (WOE) evaluations that optimize the utility of genetic toxicology information for risk assessment. There are two major types of regulatory decisions made by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): (1) the approval and registration of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and medical-use products, and (2) the setting of standards for acceptable exposure levels in air, water, and food. Genetic toxicology data are utilized for both of these regulatory decisions. The current default assumption for regulatory decisions is that chemicals that are shown to be genotoxic in standard tests are, in fact, capable of causing mutations in humans (in somatic and/or germ cells) and that they contribute to adverse health outcomes via a "genotoxic/mutagenic" mode of action (MOA). The new EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment [Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, USEPA, 2005, EPA Publication No. EPA/630/P-03/001 F] emphasize the use of MOA information in risk assessment and provide a framework to help identify a possible mutagenic and/or nonmutagenic MOA for potential adverse effects. An analysis of the available genetic toxicity data is now, more than ever, a key component to consider in the derivation of an MOA for characterizing observed adverse health outcomes such as cancer. We provide our perspective and a two-step strategy for evaluating genotoxicity data for optimal use in regulatory decision-making. The strategy includes integration of all available information and provides, first, for a WOE analysis as to whether a chemical is a mutagen, and second, whether an adverse health outcome is mediated via a mutagenic MOA. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US EPA, Off Sci Advisor 8105R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Moore, MM (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd,HFT-120, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM mmmoore@nctr.fda.gov NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1002/em.20176 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 000NL UT WOS:000234468800003 PM 16258925 ER PT J AU Emond, C Michalek, JE Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ AF Emond, C Michalek, JE Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ TI Comparison of the use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and a classical pharmacokinetic model for dioxin exposure assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE dioxin; epidemiology; PBPK; pharmacokinetic; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; Ranch Hand; risk assessment ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INCLUDING HUMANS; FOLLOW-UP; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ELIMINATION; VETERANS; KINETICS AB In epidemiologic studies, exposure assessments of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) assume a fixed elimination rate. Recent data suggest a dose-dependent elimination rate for TCDD. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, which uses a body-burden-dependent elimination rate, was developed previously in rodents to describe the pharmacokinetics of TCDD and has been extrapolated to human exposure for this study. Optimizations were performed using data from a random selection of veterans from the Ranch Hand cohort and data from a human volunteer who was exposed to TCDD. Assessment of this PBPK model used additional data from the Ranch Hand cohort and a clinical report of two women exposed to TCDD. This PBPK model suggests that previous exposure assessments may have significantly underestimated peak blood concentrations, resulting in potential exposure misclassifications. Application of a PBPK model that incorporates an inducible elimination of TCDD may improve the exposure assessments in epidemiologic studies of TCDD. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20418 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devito.mike@epa.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1666 EP 1668 DI 10.1289/ehp.8016 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200033 PM 16330344 ER PT J AU Nadadur, SS Costa, DL Slade, R Silbajoris, R Hatch, GE AF Nadadur, SS Costa, DL Slade, R Silbajoris, R Hatch, GE TI Acute ozone-induced differential gene expression profiles in rat lung SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acute exposure; gene expression profiles; lung; microarray; ozone; rat ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT LEVELS; INFLAMMATION; EXPOSURE; INJURY; PROTEIN; TOXICITY; BINDING AB Ozone is an oxidant gas that can directly induce lung injury. Knowledge of the initial molecular events of the acute O(3) response would be useful in developing biomarkers of exposure or response. Toward this goal, we exposed rats to toxic concentrations of O(3) (2 and 5 ppm) for 2 hr, and the molecular changes were assessed in lung tissue 2 hr postexposure using a rat cDNA expression array containing 588 characterized genes. Gene array analysis indicated differential expression in almost equal numbers of genes for the two exposure groups: 62 at 2 ppm and 57 at 5 ppm. Most of these genes were common to both exposure groups, suggesting common roles in the initial toxicity response. However, we also identified the induction of nine genes specific to 2-ppm (thyroid hormone-beta receptor c-erb-A-beta and glutathione reductase) or 5-ppm exposure groups (c-jun, induced nitric oxide synthase, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and heat shock protein 27). Injury markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used to assess immediate toxicity and inflammation in rats similarly exposed. At 2 ppm, injury was marked by significant increases in BALF total protein, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and lavageable ciliated cells. Because infiltration of neutrophils was observed only at the higher 5 ppm concentration, the distinctive genes suggested a potential amplification role for inflammation in the gene profile. Although the specific gene interactions remain unclear, this is the first report indicating a dose-dependent direct and immediate induction of gene expression that may be separate from those genes involved in inflammation after acute O(3) exposure. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nadadur, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Mail Drop B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nadadur.srikanth@epa.gov NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1717 EP 1722 DI 10.1289/ehp.7413 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200042 PM 16330353 ER PT J AU Li, ZW Stonehuerner, J Devlin, RB Huang, YCT AF Li, ZW Stonehuerner, J Devlin, RB Huang, YCT TI Discrimination of vanadium from zinc using gene profiling in human bronchial epithelial cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cell proliferation; inflammation; interleukin-1; interleukin-8; metal; microarray; transcription ID FUEL-OIL ASH; LUNG INJURY; RAT LUNG; FLY-ASH; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; METALS; AIR; METALLOTHIONEIN AB We hypothesized that gene expression profiling may discriminate vanadium from zinc in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). RNA from HBECs exposed to vehicle, V (50 mu M), or Zn (50 mu M) for 4 hr (n = 4 paired experiments) was hybridized to Affymetrix Hu133A chips. Using one-class t-test with p < 0.01, we identified 140 and 76 genes with treatment: control ratios >= 2.0 or <= 0.5 for V and Zn, respectively. We then categorized these genes into functional pathways and compared the number of genes in each pathway between V and Zn using Fisher's exact test. Three pathways regulating gene transcription, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation distinguished V from Zn. When genes in these three pathways were matched with the 163 genes flagged by the same statistical filtration for V:Zn ratios, 12 genes were identified. The hierarchical clustering analysis showed that these 12 genes discriminated V from Zn and consisted of two clusters. Cluster 1 genes (ZBTB1, PML, ZNF44, SIX1, BCL6, ZNF450) were clown-regulated by V and involved in gene transcription, whereas cluster 2 genes (IL8, IL1A, PTGS2, DTR, TNFAIP3, CXCL3) were up-regulated and linked to inflammatory response and cell proliferation. Also, metallothionein 1 genes (MT1F, MT1G, MT1K) were up-regulated by Zn only. Thus, using microarray analysis, we identified a small set of genes that may be used as biomarkers for discriminating V from Zn. The novel genes and pathways identified by the microarray may help us understand the pathogenesis of health effects caused by environmental V and Zn exposure. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), US EPA, Human Study Facil, CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1747 EP 1754 DI 10.1289/ehp.7947 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200047 PM 16330358 ER PT J AU Thurston, GD Ito, K Mar, T Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Liu, H Neas, L Pinto, J Stolzel, M Suh, H Hopke, PK AF Thurston, GD Ito, K Mar, T Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Liu, H Neas, L Pinto, J Stolzel, M Suh, H Hopke, PK TI Workgroup report: Workshop on source apportionment of particulate matter health effects - Intercomparison of results and implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE fine particles; health effects; mortality; particulate matter; source apportionment; sulfate; time-series; uncertainty ID MODELING CURVE RESOLUTION; BALANCE RECEPTOR MODEL; 3 COMPONENTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MORTALITY; EXTENSION; MIXTURES; AEROSOL; MASS; ASSOCIATIONS AB Although the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and human mortality is well established, the most responsible particle types/sources are not yet certain. In May 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Particulate Matter Centers Program sponsored the Workshop on the Source Apportionment of PM Health Effects. The goal was to evaluate the consistency of the various source apportionment methods in assessing source contributions to daily PM2.5 mass-mortality associations. Seven research institutions, using varying methods, participated in the estimation of source apportionments Of PM2.5 mass samples collected in Washington, DC, and Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Apportionments were evaluated for their respective associations with mortality using Poisson regressions, allowing a comparative assessment of the extent to which variations in the apportionments contributed to variability in the source-specific mortality results. The various research groups generally identified the same major source types, each with similar elemental makeups. Intergroup correlation analyses indicated that soil-, sulfate-, residual oil-, and salt-associated mass were most unambiguously identified by various methods, whereas vegetative burning and traffic were less consistent. Aggregate source-specific mortality relative risk (RR) estimate confidence intervals overlapped each other, but the sulfate-related PM2.5 component was most consistently significant across analyses in these cities. Analyses indicated that source types were a significant predictor of RR, whereas apportionment group differences were not. Variations in the source apportionments added only some 15% to the mortality regression uncertainties. These results provide supportive evidence that existing PM2.5 source apportionment methods can be used to derive reliable insights into the source components that contribute to PM2.5 health effects. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth GSF, Inst Epidemiol, Focus Network Aerosis & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Thurston, GD (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM thurston@env.med.nyu.edu RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012; Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Christensen, William/F-7216-2013; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, P30 ES000260] NR 28 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1768 EP 1774 DI 10.1289/ehp.7989 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200050 PM 16330361 ER PT J AU Bergen, BJ Nelson, WG Mackay, J Dickerson, D Jayaraman, S AF Bergen, BJ Nelson, WG Mackay, J Dickerson, D Jayaraman, S TI Environmental monitoring of remedial dredging at the New Bedford Harbor, MA, Superfund site SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE monitoring; New Bedford Harbor; PCB transport; remedial dredging; site-specific criteria ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MASSACHUSETTS; PCB; BIOACCUMULATION; CONGENERS; TOXICITY; ESTUARY; USA AB New Bedford Harbor (NBH), MA, is a Superfund site because of high polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the sediment. From April 1994 to September 1995, a remedial dredging operation (termed the "Hot Spot") removed the most contaminated sediments (PCB concentrations greater than 4000 mu g/g) from the upper harbor. During remediation, a monitoring program assessed the potential environmental impacts to NBH and adjacent Buzzards Bay. The monitoring program was developed with input from federal, state, and local authorities. Site-specific decision criteria were established to assess net PCB transport, water column toxicity, and PCB bioaccumulation in blue and ribbed mussels (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa, respectively). The remediation was completed without exceeding PCB net transport or acute toxicity effects specified in the decision criteria. In addition, PCB bioaccumulation in mussels during this time period was not significantly greater than pre- or post-operational measurements. The results indicated that approximately 14000 cubic yards of highly PCB contaminated sediment were permanently removed with minimal environmental effects. The lessons learned during this operation, as well as previous pilot studies at the site, will be used to make full-scale remedial efforts in NBH more efficient and environmentally protective. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Lab, Atlant Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. USA, N Atlant Div New England Dist, Concord, MA USA. US EPA, Boston, MA USA. RP Bergen, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Lab, Atlant Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI USA. EM bergen.barbara@epa.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-8223-4 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987QM UT WOS:000233532400013 PM 16311831 ER PT J AU Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Landis, MS Stevens, RK TI Oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury to gaseous divalent mercury during 2003 polar sunrise at Ny-Alesund SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; AMBIENT AIR; DESTRUCTION; SNOW; SPITSBERGEN; ANTARCTICA; CHEMISTRY AB The springtime phenomenon, termed as the mercury depletion event (MDE), during which elemental gaseous mercury (Hg-0) may be converted to a reactive form that accumulates in polar ecosystems, first noted in the Arctic, has now been observed at both poles and results in an important removal pathway for atmospheric mercury. An intensive international springtime mercury experiment was performed at Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, from 19 April to 13 May 2003 to study the atmospheric mercury chemistry in the Arctic environment and, in particular, the MDEs which occurred in the arctic boundary layer after polar sunrise. Automated ambient measurements of Hg-0, divalent reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and fine particulate mercury (< 2.5 mu m) (Hg(p)) were made at the Zeppelin Mountain Station (ZMS). During the experiment mercury concentrations in the lower atmosphere varied in synchrony with ozone levels throughout the Spring. Hg-0 concentrations ranged from background levels (similar to 1.6 ng m(-3)) to undetectable values (< 0.1 ng m(-3)) during the first and major MDE, while RGM data showed an opposite trend during the sampling period with concentrations increasing dramatically to a peak of 230 pg m(-3), synchronous with the depletion of Hg-0. The results of a meteorological transport analysis indicate the MDEs observed at ZMS were primarily due to air masses being transported in from open water areas in the Arctic Ocean that were already depleted of Hg-0 when they arrived and not due to in-situ oxidation mechanisms. C1 CNR, Inst Atmospher Pollut, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sprovieri, F (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmospher Pollut, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. EM f.sprovieri@cs.iia.cnr.it RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 58 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 23 BP 9156 EP 9165 DI 10.1021/es050965o PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989ZK UT WOS:000233712700028 PM 16382937 ER PT J AU Shen, H Sewell, GW AF Shen, H Sewell, GW TI Reductive biotransformation of tetrachloroethene to ethene during anaerobic degradation of toluene: Experimental evidence and kinetics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED ETHYLENES; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; AQUIFER MICROCOSMS; DECHLORINATION; HYDROGEN; DEHALOGENATION; BIODEGRADATION; DCE; PCE; VC AB Reductive biotransformation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) to ethene occurred during anaerobic degradation of toluene in an enrichment culture. Ethene was detected as a dominant daughter product of PCE dechlorination with negligible accumulation of other partially chlorinated ethenes. PCE dechlorination was linked to toluene degradation, as evidenced by the findings that PCE dechlorination was limited in the absence of toluene but was restored with a spike of toluene again in the cultures. PCE was effectively dechlorinated in cultures amended with a wide range of concentrations of PCE and toluene. PCE dechlorination can be described by a Monod-like equation but followed a zero-order kinetic at high levels of PCE. In addition to toluene, benzoate and lactate were also able to be used as sole electron donors for reductive dechlorination of PCE in the cultures. In terms of dechlorination rates, lactate was the best electron donor followed by benzoate and then toluene. The kinetic characteristics of PCE dechlorination were retained in the cultures regardless of electron donors used, but the kinetic constant values were unique to each electron donor. The dechlorination rate was found to be closely correlated with the level of H-2 produced during fermentation of the three organic compounds. Nitrate and sulfate were observed to be favorable electron acceptors in this culture, and their presence completely blocked electron flow to PCE. However, the presence of nitrate and sulfate did not destroy the capability of PCE dechlorination by the culture. PCE dechlorination was immediately reestablished after depletion of nitrate and sulfate in the culture. This anaerobic process provides an opportunity for concurrent remediation of chlorinated solvents and certain fuel hydrocarbons, and recognition of this process is also important in understanding the subsurface fate and transport of these contaminants under natural conditions. C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. E Cent Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Sewell, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM guy_sewell@ecok.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 23 BP 9286 EP 9294 DI 10.1021/es05030v PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989ZK UT WOS:000233712700045 PM 16382954 ER PT J AU Tang, G Adu-Sarkodie, K Kim, D Kim, JH Teefy, S Shukairy, HM Marinas, BJ AF Tang, G Adu-Sarkodie, K Kim, D Kim, JH Teefy, S Shukairy, HM Marinas, BJ TI Modeling Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation and bromate formation in a full-scale ozone contactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL INACTIVATION; INDIGO METHOD; OZONATION; DISINFECTION; WATER; MINIMIZATION; CHLORINE AB The inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and the formation of bromate were assessed simultaneously by performing experiments with a full-scale ozone bubble-diffuser contactor used for drinking water disinfection. Fluorescence-dyed polystyrene microspheres were used as surrogates for C. parvum oocysts. Semi-batch ozonation experiments were performed to determine the fluorescence-intensity decay of individual microspheres, which was measured by flow cytometry. The results obtained with the microspheres were correlated to the inactivation kinetics of C. parvum oocysts by choosing an appropriate threshold fluorescence intensity below which microspheres were considered to be equivalent to nonviable oocysts. A mathematical model was then used to predict the inactivation efficiency and bromate formation. The contactor hydrodynamics were characterized by running tracer tests, and the kinetic parameters for ozone decomposition and bromate formation were obtained by performing batch experiments. Model predictions were in good agreement with full-scale experimental results. Additional model simulations revealed that ozone contactors should be designed with the lowest possible backmixing so that the target inactivation efficiency can be achieved with the lowest possible formation of bromate. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Damon S Williams Associates, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Water Qual & Treatment Solut Inc, Castro Valley, CA 94546 USA. US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Marinas, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM niarinas@uiuc.edu RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 23 BP 9343 EP 9350 DI 10.1021/es050345n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989ZK UT WOS:000233712700053 PM 16382962 ER PT J AU Broderius, SJ Kahl, MD Elonen, GE Hammermeister, DE Hoglund, MD AF Broderius, SJ Kahl, MD Elonen, GE Hammermeister, DE Hoglund, MD TI A comparison of the lethal and sublethal toxicity of organic chemical mixtures to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity; mixtures; fathead minnow; organic chemicals ID GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; DISSIMILARLY ACTING CHEMICALS; JOINT ALGAL TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; QUALITY OBJECTIVES; NARCOTIC CHEMICALS; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; FISH; POLLUTANTS; PREDICTABILITY AB The joint toxic effects of known binary and multiple organic chemical mixtures to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were defined at both the 96-h 50% lethal effect concentration (LC50) and sublethal (32-d growth) response levels for toxicants with a narcosis I, narcosis II, or uncoupler of oxidative phosphoralation mode of toxic action. Experiments were designed to define the degree of additive joint toxicity for mixtures of specific xenobiotics that are believed to act through a similar or different primary mode of toxic action. Our results support the general conclusion that concentration addition is expected for the joint toxicity of similarly acting toxicants. When chemicals were thought to act by a dissimilar mechanism, the combined effects we observed at both of the response levels tested were less than predicted by concentration addition, but usually more toxic than that predicted by the independent action/response addition model. It was demonstrated in multichemical mixtures that several toxicants can act together in a nearly additive fashion to produce effects even when they are present at concentrations below their individual no-observed-effect concentration. Concentration-response relationships for test chemicals at both the lethal and sublethal responses were defined for each of the three modes of toxic action studied. When normalized for potency, it was observed that one relationship could be defined to predict lethality to juvenile fathead minnows when exposed to individual chemicals with either a narcosis I, narcosis II, or uncoupler mode of toxic action. These Sublethal relationships were similar for the narcosis I and narcosis II test chemicals, but a steeper response was observed for tests conducted with uncouplers. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Kahl, MD (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM kahl.michael@epa.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 12 BP 3117 EP 3127 DI 10.1897/05-094R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 989ZU UT WOS:000233713700017 PM 16445094 ER PT J AU Biessmann, H Prasad, S Semeshin, VE Andreyeva, EN Nguyen, Q Walter, MF Mason, JM AF Biessmann, H Prasad, S Semeshin, VE Andreyeva, EN Nguyen, Q Walter, MF Mason, JM TI Two distinct domains in Drosophila melanogaster telomeres SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POSITION EFFECT VARIEGATION; HET-A; POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; DNA-SEQUENCES; P-ELEMENT; HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN-1; SACCHAROMYCES TELOMERES; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; DIFFERENT MECHANISMS AB Telomeres are generally considered heterochromatic. On the basis of DNA composition, the telomeric region of Drosophila melanogaster contains two distinct subdomains: a subtelomeric region of repetitive DNA, termed TAS, and a terminal array of retrotransposons, which perform the elongation function instead of telomerase. We have identified several P-element insertions into this retrotransposon array and compared expression levels of transgenes with similar integrations into TAS and euchromatic regions. In contrast to insertions in TAS, which are silenced, reporter genes in the terminal HeT-A, TAHRL, or TART retroelements did not exhibit repressed expression in comparison with the same transgene construct in euchromatin. These data, in combination with cytological studies, provide evidence that the subtelomeric TAS region exhibits features resembling heterochromatin, while the terminal retrotransposon array exhibits euchromatic characteristics. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Lab Mol Cytogenet, Inst Cytol & Genet, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biol Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Mason, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, 111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM masonj@niehs.nih.gov RI Andreyeva, Evgeniya/N-2733-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES021054-12]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 56729, R01 GM056729-04, R01 GM056729] NR 58 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1767 EP 1777 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.048827 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 999RB UT WOS:000234407100029 PM 16143601 ER PT J AU Overmeyer, P AF Overmeyer, P TI The proposed standards for all appropriate inquiries: A balance between tradition and obligations SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Brownfields Cleanup & Redev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Overmeyer, P (reprint author), US EPA, Off Brownfields Cleanup & Redev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 44 EP + PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 910PE UT WOS:000227943200002 ER PT J AU Hashemi, M Alavian, SM Ghavami, S de Serres, FJ Salehi, M Doroudi, T Fard, AHM Mehrabifar, H Milani, B Shahri, SJS AF Hashemi, M Alavian, SM Ghavami, S de Serres, FJ Salehi, M Doroudi, T Fard, AHM Mehrabifar, H Milani, B Shahri, SJS TI High prevalence of alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes in viral hepatitis B infected patients in Iran SO HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alpha 1 antitrypsin; viral hepatitis B; chronic active hepatitis; cirrhosis ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; ALPHA-1 ANTI-TRYPSIN; ALPHA(1)-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CYTO-TOXICITY; CIRRHOSIS; ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SERUM; PREVENTION AB Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem. Approximately 2 billion people are infected worldwide and more than 350 million of these individuals are chronic carriers of HBV. Approximately 15-40% of infected patients will develop cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alpha I antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is one of many factors that may be involved in abnormalities such as liver and lung disease, inflammatory joint diseases, and inflammatory eye diseases. In the present study, the role played by AAT in HBV infected individuals is analyzed. Methods: AAT phenotyping and trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) experiments were performed on 281 HBV infected patients who were referred to Tehran and Zahedan Hepatitis Center for a period of 3 years from June 2001 to September 2003. The same tests were performed on 257 individuals who did not suffer from any systemic diseases (control group). The case group was subdivided into three groups: carrier (36.7%), chronic (50.5%), and cirrhotic (12.8%). Results: The results showed that AAT phenotypes, MS, MZ, M(I)Z, and MIS, were significantly higher in the HBV group (p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in AAT phenotypes (MS, MZ, and MIZ) among inactive carriers and individuals in the chronic and cirrhotic group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of moderate AAT (MS, MIS, and MV) and severely deficient (MZ and M(I)Z) phenotypes in Iranian HBV individuals. In addition, AAT deficiency might be a risk factor for infected HBV individuals progressing from the carrier stage to chronic and cirrhotic stages. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Zahedan, Iran. Baghyat Allah Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Tehran, Iran. Ctr Evaluat Risks Human Reprod, Environm Toxicol Program, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Zahedan, Iran. Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Virol, Zahedan, Iran. Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Zahedan, Iran. Tehran Hepatitis Ctr, Tehran, Iran. Gargan Azad Univ, Dept Lab Med, Gorgan, Iran. RP Ghavami, S (reprint author), Manitoba Inst Cell Biol, 675 McDermot Ave,Rm 0N6008, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada. EM ghavami@cc.umanitoba.ca RI Hashemi, Mohammad/H-2446-2016; Ghavami, Saeid/Q-8918-2016; OI Hashemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-6074-7101; Alavian., Seyed Moayed/0000-0002-4443-6602 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1386-6346 J9 HEPATOL RES JI Hepatol. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.hepres.2005.09.035 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 996IH UT WOS:000234167100007 PM 16260177 ER PT J AU Hantush, MM Kalin, L AF Hantush, MM Kalin, L TI Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of runoff and sediment yield in a small agricultural watershed with KINEROS2 SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE capillary drive; infiltration; KINEROS2; Monte Carlo simulation; runoff; sediment transport; sensitivity; uncertainty; watershed model ID SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMIC ERODIBILITY; SIMULATION; INFILTRATION; EROSION; MODELS; CATCHMENTS; SOIL; METHODOLOGY; VALIDATION AB Using the Monte Carlo (MC) method, this paper derives arithmetic and geometric means and associated variances of the net capillary drive parameter, G, that appears in the Parlange infiltration model, as a function of soil texture and antecedent soil moisture content. Approximate expressions for the arithmetic and geometric statistics of G are also obtained, which compare favourably with MC generated ones. This paper also applies the MC method to evaluate parameter sensitivity and predictive uncertainty of the distributed runoff and erosion model KINEROS2 in a small experimental watershed. The MC simulations of flow and sediment related variables show that those parameters which impart the greatest uncertainty to KINEROS2 model outputs are not necessarily the most sensitive ones. Soil hydraulic conductivity and wetting front net capillary drive, followed by initial effective relative saturation, dominated uncertainties of flow and sediment discharge model outputs at the watershed outlet. Model predictive uncertainty measured by the coefficient of variation decreased with rainfall intensity, thus implying improved model reliability for larger rainfall events. The antecedent relative saturation was the most sensitive parameter in all but the peak arrival times, followed by the overland plane roughness coefficient. Among the sediment related parameters, the median particle size and hydraulic erosion parameters dominated sediment model output uncertainty and sensitivity. Effect of rain splash erosion coefficient was negligible. Comparison of medians from MC simulations and simulations by direct substitution of average parameters with observed flow rates and sediment discharges indicates that KINEROS2 can be applied to ungauged watersheds and still produce runoff and sediment yield predictions within order of magnitude of accuracy. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hantush.mohamed@epa.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1171 DI 10.1623/hysj.2005.50.6.1151 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 992LT UT WOS:000233886100016 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Cohen, MD AF Ghio, AJ Cohen, MD TI Disruption of iron homeostasis as a mechanism of biologic effect by ambient air pollution particles SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; OXIDANT GENERATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DIESEL EXHAUST; LUNG-FUNCTION; METAL IONS; ACCUMULATION; LACTOFERRIN AB Several features of the clinical presentation and changes in physiology and pathology following exposure to many diverse ambient air pollution particles are comparable, suggesting a common mechanism for their biological effect. We propose that a mechanism of biological effect common to many ambient air pollution particles is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells and tissues. Among traits shared by every particle-related lung injury is the introduction of a solid-liquid interface into the respiratory tract. All surfaces of particulate matter have some concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups. As a result of its electropositivity, Fe3+ has a high affinity for oxygen-donor ligands and will react with these groups at the particle surface. Retained particles accumulate metal from available sources in a cell and tissue, and this complexed iron mediates oxidant generation. In addition to complexation onto the solid-liquid interface provided by the surface of particulate matter (PM), there are several alternative pathways by which metal homeostasis in the lower respiratory tract can be disrupted following exposure to ambient air pollution particles to affect an oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that disruption in iron homeostasis following exposures to ambient air pollution particles is an initial event in their biological effect. An association between metal equilibrium in the lower respiratory tract and biological effect in the lung could explain the observed differential toxicity of ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles and disparities in host susceptibility. C1 US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Off Res & Dev, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 72 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 13 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.1080/08958370500224482 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 977MO UT WOS:000232808100002 PM 16195206 ER PT J AU Walsh, CJ Luer, CA Bodine, AB Litman, GW Anderson, MK Miracle, AL AF Walsh, CJ Luer, CA Bodine, AB Litman, GW Anderson, MK Miracle, AL TI The immune system of elasmobranch fishes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Childrens Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cjwalsh@more.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012KH UT WOS:000235337601030 ER PT J AU Volckens, J Peters, TM AF Volckens, J Peters, TM TI Counting and particle transmission efficiency of the aerodynamic particle sizer SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerodynamic particle sizer; time-of-flight; counting efficiency; particle size ID CALIBRATION AB The aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) measures the size distributions of particles with aerodynamic diameter between 0.5 and 20 mu m in real time. To provide accurate size distributions, the APS must measure both particle size and concentration correctly. The objective of this study was to characterize the counting efficiency of the APS as a function of particle size (0.8-10 mu m), particle type (liquid or solid), and APS model number (3310 vs. 3321). For solid particles, counting efficiencies ranged between 85% and 99%. For liquid droplets, counting efficiencies progressively declined from 75% at 0.8-mu m drops to 25% for 10-mu m drops. Fluorometric wash tests indicated that transmission losses occur when larger droplets impact on the instrument's inner nozzle. However, transmission losses did not account entirely for the reduced droplet counting efficiencies, indicating that additional losses may have occurred downstream of the inner nozzle. Between instrument comparisons revealed that although multiple APSs report similar number concentrations, small deviations in particle sizing can produce substantial errors when number concentrations are converted to mass concentrations. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Volckens, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Campus Delivery 1681, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.volckens@colostate.edu OI Volckens, John/0000-0002-7563-9525 NR 18 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1400 EP 1408 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.03.009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994ZA UT WOS:000234068500002 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, MS TI Some significant milestones for the Journal of cave and karst studies SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 004HI UT WOS:000234742200001 ER PT J AU Thayer, GW Kentula, ME AF Thayer, GW Kentula, ME TI Coastal restoration: Where have we been, where are we now, and where should we be going? SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal restoration; coastal habitats; wetland restoration; estuaries; fisheries AB Advances in coastal restoration in the last decade are documented in this collection of papers that were commissioned for a symposium held at Restore America's Estuary's inaugural national conference, Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration, Saving Our Coastal Heritage. The symposium presented the current status of our ability to (1) achieve restoration goals, (2) restore fish and wildlife habitat, (3) increase the understanding of coastal habitats and the role of restoration in maintaining them, and (4) use adaptive management approaches. The papers illustrate some of the progress made to date in the restoration of coastal habitats. They also point to the need for continuing study of restoration and for extending the practice of restoration to include a human dimension. The work presented demonstrates the value of science to the management of the nation's resources and confirms the potential of restoration to repair damaged ecosystems. C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Thayer, GW (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2005 SI 40 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 908LA UT WOS:000227787300001 ER PT J AU Enfield, CG Wood, AL Espinoza, FP Brooks, MC Annable, M Rao, PSC AF Enfield, CG Wood, AL Espinoza, FP Brooks, MC Annable, M Rao, PSC TI Design of aquifer remediation systems: (1) Describing hydraulic structure and NAPL architecture using tracers SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE inversion; stochastic; streamtubel; Lagrangian; model; partitioning ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; PARTITIONING TRACERS; INVERSE PROBLEM; FLOW-FIELDS; SIMULATION; TESTS; MODEL AB Aquifer heterogeneity (structure) and NAPL distribution (architecture) are described based on tracer data. An inverse modelling approach that estimates the hydraulic structure and NAPL architecture based on a Lagrangian stochastic model where the hydraulic structure is described by one or more populations of lognormally distributed travel times and the NAPL architecture is selected from eight possible assumed distributions. Optimization of the model parameters for each tested realization is based on the minimization of the sum of the square residuals between the log of measured tracer data and model predictions for the same temporal observation. For a given NAPL architecture the error is reduced with each added population. Model selection was based on a fitness which penalized models for increasing complexity. The technique is demonstrated under a range of hydrologic and contaminant settings using data from three small field-scale tracer tests: the first implementation at an LNAPL site using a line-drive flow pattern, the second at a DNAPL site with an inverted five-spot flow pattern, and the third at the same DNAPL site using a vertical circulation flow pattern. The Lagrangian model was capable of accurately duplicating experimentally derived tracer breakthrough curves, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 or better. Furthermore, the model estimate of the NAPL volume is similar to the estimates based on moment analysis of field data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, NRMRL, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Florida, Inter Disciplinary Program Hydrol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Enfield, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM enfield.carl@fuse.net NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 125 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.08.003 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 993HR UT WOS:000233945700006 PM 16213060 ER PT J AU Wood, AL Enfield, CG Espinoza, FP Annable, M Brooks, MC Rao, PSC Sabatini, D Knox, R AF Wood, AL Enfield, CG Espinoza, FP Annable, M Brooks, MC Rao, PSC Sabatini, D Knox, R TI Design of aquifer remediation systems: (2) Estimating site-specific performance and benefits of partial source removal SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian; stochastic; streamtube; DNAPL; NAPL ID TRANSPORT; SOLUBILITY; MIXTURES; WATER; FLOW AB A Lagrangian stochastic model is proposed as a tool that can be utilized in forecasting remedial performance and estimating the benefits (in terms of flux and mass reduction) derived from a source zone remedial effort. The stochastic functional relationships that describe the hydraulic "structure" and non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) "architecture" have been described in a companion paper (Enfield, C.G., Wood, A.L., Espinoza, F.P., Brooks, M.C., Annable, M., Rao, P.S.C., this issue. Design of aquifer remediation systems: (1) describing hydraulic structure and NAPL architecture using tracers. J. Contam. Hydrol.). The previously defined functions were used along with the properties of the remedial fluids to describe remedial performance. There are two objectives for this paper. First, is to show that a simple analytic element model can be used to give a reasonable estimate of system performance. This is accomplished by comparing forecast performance to observed performance. The second objective is to display the model output in terms of change in mass flux and mass removal as a function of pore volumes of remedial fluid injected. The modelling results suggest that short term benefits are obtained and related to mass reduction at the sites where the model was tested. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Florida, Inter Disciplinary Program Hydrol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Enfield, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM enfield.carl@fuse.net NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 148 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.conhyd.2005.08.004 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 993HR UT WOS:000233945700007 PM 16185785 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Starch industry wastewater-based stable Bacillus thuringiensis liquid formulations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; biopesticide; liquid formulation; soya; starch industry wastewater ID RAW-MATERIAL; SLUDGE; BIOPESTICIDES AB Liquid formulations were developed from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-fermented broths of starch industry wastewater (SIW) and of soya medium. Stability studies were carried out for I yr. Storage stability was tested by studying various physical and chemical (e.g., viscosity, particle size, corrosion, and suspendibility) and biological (e.g., microbial contamination, viable spores, and entomotoxicity) parameters at different pH levels and temperatures. Three suspending agents, sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, and sodium metabisulfite, were added to fermented broth in different concentrations. Sorbitol and sodium monophosphate in the ratio 3:1 was the best suspending agent combination for both formulations. Starch industry wastewater fermentation yielded cell and viable spore counts 10- and 4-fold greater than those from soya medium, respectively, and a 1.7-fold increase in entomotoxicity. However, both formulations started deteriorating at pH 6 and 6.5 and 40 and 50 degrees C. There were no signs of corrosion and microbial contamination in both types of formulations. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. LFC, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Brar, SK (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490,Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1890 EP 1898 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500020 PM 16539110 ER PT J AU Horncastle, VJ Hellgren, EC Mayer, PM Ganguli, AC Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Horncastle, VJ Hellgren, EC Mayer, PM Ganguli, AC Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Implications of invasion by Juniperus virginiana on small mammals in the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE community; cross timbers; eastern red cedar; invasion; Juniperus virginiana; old-field vegetation; small mammals; tallgrass prairie ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; OLD-FIELD; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; TREE INVASION; FOREST AB Changes in landscape cover in the Great Plains are resulting from the range expansion and invasion of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). By altering the landscape and local vegetation, red cedar is changing the structure and function of habitat for small mammals. We examined effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on small mammals in 3 plant communities (tallgrass prairie, old field, and cross-timbers forest) in the cross-timbers ecoregion in Oklahoma. We sampled small mammals seasonally from May 2001 to August 2002 by using Sherman live traps and mark-recapture techniques on 3.24-ha, 450-trap grids in each plant community. We sampled vegetation in two hundred twenty-five 12 x 12-m cells within each grid. The structure of the small-mammal community differed among the 3 habitat types, with higher species diversity and richness in the tallgrass-prairie and old-field sites. Overall, the small-mammal community shifted along a gradient of increasing eastern red cedar. In the old-field and tallgrass-prairie plots, occurrence of grassland mammals decreased with increasing red cedar, whereas only 1 woodland mammal species increased. In the cross-timbers forest site, percent woody cover (<1 m in height), rather than cover of red cedar, was the most important factor affecting woodland mammal species. Examination of our data suggests that an increase in overstory cover from 0% to 30% red cedar can change a species-rich prairie community to a depauperate community dominated by 1 species, Peromyscus leucopus. Losses in species diversity and changes in mammal distribution paralleled those seen in avian communities invaded by eastern red cedar. Our results highlight ecological effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on diversity and function at multiple trophic levels. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM hellgren@siu.edu RI Ganguli, Amy/J-3342-2014; OI Ganguli, Amy/0000-0003-3960-1404; Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 68 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1144 EP 1155 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-015R1.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 001FR UT WOS:000234519500009 ER PT J AU Dillon, AC Ginley, DS Habib, A Jhaveri, SD McGhee, MD AF Dillon, AC Ginley, DS Habib, A Jhaveri, SD McGhee, MD TI Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3165 EP 3166 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0428 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 988VG UT WOS:000233628600001 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ Bushnell, PJ Benignus, VA Woodward, JJ AF Shafer, TJ Bushnell, PJ Benignus, VA Woodward, JJ TI Perturbation of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel function by volatile organic solvents SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; ANESTHETIC ENHANCEMENT; GENERAL-ANESTHETICS; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; TOLUENE EXPOSURE; INHALED TOLUENE; ABUSED SOLVENT AB The mechanisms underlying the acute neurophysiological and behavioral effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remain to be elucidated. However, the function of neuronal ion channels is perturbed by VOCs. The present study examined effects of toluene (TOL), trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (PERC) on whole-cell calcium current (I-Ca) in nerve growth factor-differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. All three VOCs affected I-Ca in a reversible, concentration-dependent manner. At +10-mV test potentials, VOCs inhibited I-Ca, whereas at test potentials of -20 and -10 mV, they potentiated it. The order of potency for inhibition ( IC 50) was PERC (270 mu M) > TOL (720 mu M) > TCE (1525 mu M). VOCs also changed I-Ca inactivation kinetics from a single-to double-exponential function. Voltage- ramp experiments suggested that VOCs shifted I-Ca activation in a hyperpolarizing direction; this was confirmed by calculating the half-maximal voltage of activation (V-1/2,V- act) in the absence and presence of VOCs using the Boltzman equation. V-1/2,V- (act) was shifted from approximately -2 mV in control to -11, -12, and -16 mV by TOL, TCE, and PERC, respectively. Similarly, VOCs shifted the half- maximal voltage of steady-state inactivation (V-1/2,V- inact) from approximately -16 mV in control to -32, -35, and -20 mV in the presence of TOL, TCE, and PERC, respectively. Inhibition of I-Ca by TOL was confirmed in primary cultures of cortical neurons, where 827 mu M TOL inhibited current by 61%. These data demonstrate that VOCs perturb voltage- sensitive Ca2+ channel function in neurons, an effect that could contribute to the acute neurotoxicity of these compounds. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, MD-B105-5, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA013951] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 315 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1118 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.090027 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 984VZ UT WOS:000233335100017 PM 16109744 ER PT J AU Smith, CM Graham, RA Krol, WL Silver, IS Negishi, M Wang, HB Lecluyse, EL AF Smith, CM Graham, RA Krol, WL Silver, IS Negishi, M Wang, HB Lecluyse, EL TI Differential UGT1A1 induction by chrysin in primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE UGT1A1; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; DISTAL ENHANCER MODULE; RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; FLAVONOID CHRYSIN; IN-VITRO; ESTROGEN SYNTHETASE; ANDROSTANE-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; CACO-2 CELLS AB Chrysin, a dietary flavonoid, has been shown to markedly induce UGT1A1 expression and activity in HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines; thus, it has been suggested to have clinical utility in the treatment of UGT1A1-mediated deficiencies, such as unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia or the prevention of 7-ethyl-10hydroxycamptothecin (SN- 38) toxicity. However, little is known about its induction potential in a more physiologically relevant model system, such as primary hepatocyte culture. In this study, induction of UGT1A1 expression (mRNA, protein, and activity) was investigated in primary human hepatocyte cultures after treatment with chrysin and other prototypical inducers. Endogenous nuclear receptor-mediated UGT1A1 induction was studied using transient transfection reporter assays in primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Results indicated that induction of UGT1A1 expression was minimal in human hepatocytes treated with chrysin compared with that in HepG2 cells (1.2-versus 11-fold, respectively). Subsequent experiments to determine whether the differential response was due to its metabolic stability revealed strikingly different elimination rate constants between the two cell systems (half-life of 13 min in human hepatocytes versus 122 min in HepG2 cell suspensions). Further study demonstrated that UGT1A1 mRNA expression could be induced in human hepatocyte cultures by either increasing the chrysin dosing frequency or by modulating chrysin metabolism, suggesting that the differential induction observed in hepatocytes and HepG2 cells was due to differences in the metabolic clearance of chrysin. In conclusion, this study suggests that the metabolic stability of chrysin likely would limit its ability to induce UGT1A1 in vivo. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, HB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Sch Pharm, CB 7360,Kerr Hall,Room 2319, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM hongbing_wang@unc.edu OI LeCluyse, Edward/0000-0002-2149-8990 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK061652] NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 315 IS 3 BP 1256 EP 1264 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.090795 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 984VZ UT WOS:000233335100035 PM 16135700 ER PT J AU Bourdet, DL Pritchard, JB Thakker, DR AF Bourdet, DL Pritchard, JB Thakker, DR TI Differential substrate and inhibitory activities of ranitidine and famotidine toward human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1; SLC22A1), hOCT2 (SLC22A2), and hOCT3 (SLC22A3) SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CACO-2 CELL MONOLAYERS; N-TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; SINGLE-DOSE PHARMACOKINETICS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; H-2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; ANION TRANSPORTER-3; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; ION TRANSPORTERS; RENAL CLEARANCE AB Human organic cation transporters (hOCTs) are expressed in organs of drug absorption and elimination and play an important role in the uptake and elimination of xenobiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substrate and inhibitory activity of the H-2-receptor antagonists ranitidine and famotidine toward hOCTs and to determine the hOCT isoforms involved in the absorption and elimination of these compounds in humans. Inhibition and substrate specificity of hOCT1, hOCT2, and hOCT3 for ranitidine and famotidine were elucidated in cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. Ranitidine and famotidine exhibited similarly potent inhibition of [H-3]1-methyl-4- phenyl pyridinium uptake into hOCT1-expressing (IC50 = 33 and 28 mu M, respectively) and hOCT2-expressing oocytes (IC50 = 76 and 114 mu M, respectively). Famotidine exhibited potent inhibition of hOCT3; in contrast, ranitidine was a moderately weak inhibitor (IC50 = 6.7 and 290 mu M, respectively). [H-3] Ranitidine uptake was stimulated by hOCT1 (K-m = 70 +/- 9 mu M) and to a much smaller extent by hOCT2. No stimulation of [H-3] ranitidine uptake was observed in hOCT3-expressing oocytes. trans-Stimulation and electrophysiology studies suggested that famotidine also is an hOCT1 substrate and exhibits poor or no substrate activity toward hOCT2 and hOCT3. Thus, hOCT1, which is expressed in the intestine and liver, is likely to play a major role in the intestinal absorption and hepatic disposition of ranitidine and famotidine in humans, whereas hOCT2, the major isoform present in the kidney, may play only a minor role in their renal elimination. Famotidine seems to be one of the most potent inhibitors of hOCT3 yet identified. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Thakker, DR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Sch Pharm, Kerr Hall,CB 7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dhiren_thakker@unc.edu NR 38 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 315 IS 3 BP 1288 EP 1297 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.091223 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 984VZ UT WOS:000233335100038 PM 16141367 ER PT J AU Yeh, S Rubin, ES Taylor, MR Hounshell, DA AF Yeh, S Rubin, ES Taylor, MR Hounshell, DA TI Technology innovations and experience curves for nitrogen oxides control technologies SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This paper reviews the regulatory history for nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollutant emissions from stationary sources, primarily in coal-fired power plants. Nitrogen dioxide (NO,) is one of the six criteria pollutants regulated by the 1970 Clean Air Act where National Ambient Air Quality Standards were established to protect public health and welfare. We use patent data to show that in the cases of Japan, Germany, and the United States, innovations in NOx control technologies did not occur until stringent government regulations were in place, thus "forcing" innovation. We also demonstrate that reductions in the capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of new generations of high-efficiency NOx control technologies, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), are consistently associated with the increasing adoption of the control technology: the so-called learning-by-doing phenomena. The results show that as cumulative world coal-fired SCR capacity doubles, capital costs decline to similar to 86% and O&M costs to 58% of their original values. The observed changes in SCR technology reflect the impact of technological advance as well as other factors, such as market competition and economies of scale. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Richard & Rhoda Goldman Sch Publ Policy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Social & Decis Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Yeh, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yeh.sonia@epa.gov RI Rubin, Edward/D-7629-2013; OI Yeh, Sonia/0000-0002-4852-1177 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1838 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994UD UT WOS:000234055800005 PM 16408687 ER PT J AU Long, RW Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Meyer, MB Wilson, WE AF Long, RW Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Meyer, MB Wilson, WE TI Continuous determination of fine particulate matter mass in the Salt Lake City Environmental Monitoring Project: A comparison of real-time and conventional TEOM monitor results SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PM2.5; PARTICLES; SYSTEM AB Fine particulate matter (PM,.,) mass was determined on a continuous basis at the Salt Lake City Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring for Public Awareness and Community Tracking monitoring site in Salt Lake City, UT, using three different monitoring techniques. Hourly averaged PM(2.5) mass data were collected during two sampling periods (summer 2000 and winter 2002) using a real-time total ambient mass sampler (RAMS), sample equilibration system (SES)-tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), and conventional TEOM monitor. This paper compares the results obtained from the various monitoring systems, which differ in their treatment of semivolatile material (SVM; particle-bound water, semivolatile ammonium nitrate, and semivolatile organic compounds). PM,., mass results obtained by the RAMS were consistently higher than those obtained by the SES-TEOM and conventional TEOM monitors because of the RAMS abilit to measure semivolatile ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic material but not particle-bound water. The SESTEOM monitoring system was able to account for an average of 28% of the SVM, whereas the conventional TEOM monitor loses essentially all of the SVM from the single filter during sampling. Occasional mass readings by the various TEOM monitors that are higher than RAMS results may reflect particle-bound water, which, under some conditions, is measured by the TEOM but not the RAMS. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Rupprecht & Patashnick Co Inc, Albany, NY USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, E114 Benson Bldg,POB 25700, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1839 EP 1846 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994UD UT WOS:000234055800006 PM 16408688 ER PT J AU Denis, MS Lindner, J AF Denis, MS Lindner, J TI Review of light-duty diesel and heavy-duty diesel gasoline inspection programs SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Emissions from diesel vehicles and gas-powered heavy-duty vehicles are becoming a new focus of many inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs. Diesel particulate matter (PM) is increasingly becoming more recognized as an important health concern, while at the same time, the public awareness of diesel PM emissions because of their visibility have combined to increase the focus on diesel emissions in the United States. This has resulted in an increased interest by some states in including heavy-duty vehicle testing in their I/M program. This paper provides an overview of existing I/M programs focused on testing light-duty diesel vehicles, heavy-duty diesel vehicles, and heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (HDGVs). Information on 39 I/M programs in 27 different states in the United States plus 9 international inspection programs is included. Information on the status of diesel emissions technology and current test procedures is also presented. The goal is to provide useful information for air quality managers as they work to decide whether such I/M programs would be worth pursuing in their respective areas and in evaluating the emissions measurement technology to be used in the program. Testing of HDGVs is generally limited to idle testing, because dynamometer testing of these vehicles is not practical, and most were not certified on a chassis basis. Testing of diesel vehicles has mostly been limited to SAE J1667 "snap-idle" opacity testing. Cost-effective technology for measuring diesel emissions currently does not exist, and, therefore, opacity-type measurements, although not effective at reducing the pollutants of most significant health concern, will continue to be used. C1 Sierra Res Inc, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Denis, MS (reprint author), Sierra Res Inc, 1801 J St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM mstdenis@sierraresearch.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1876 EP 1884 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994UD UT WOS:000234055800010 ER PT J AU Wang, LM Fields, TA Pazmino, K Dai, QS Burchette, JL Howell, DN Coffman, TM Spurney, RF AF Wang, LM Fields, TA Pazmino, K Dai, QS Burchette, JL Howell, DN Coffman, TM Spurney, RF TI Activation of G alpha q-coupled signaling pathways in glomerular podocytes promotes renal injury SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS; CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; ANGIOTENSIN-II; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; CD2-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; THROMBOXANE RECEPTORS; DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; IN-VIVO; MICE; NEPHRIN AB The glomerular podocyte plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. This function may be regulated by activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Studies suggest that podocytes express GPCR that are implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. Common to these GPCR systems is activation of phospholipase C through the Gq alpha-subunit (G alpha q). For investigating the role of G alpha q-coupled signaling pathways in promoting renal injury in podocytes, a constitutively active G alpha q subunit (G alpha qQ > L) was expressed in glomerular podocytes using the mouse nephrin promoter. Transgenic (TG) mice demonstrated albuminuria as well as a decrease in both kidney mass and nephron number. By light microscopy, a portion of the TG mice had glomerular abnormalities, including focal to diffuse hypercellularity and segmental sclerosis. Consistent with injury-promoting effects of G alpha qQ > L, there was a significant reduction in podocalyxin mRNA as well as nephrin mRNA and protein levels in glomeruli from TG mice compared with non-TG controls. Expression of the transgene also seemed to increase susceptibility to glomerular injury, because treatment with puromycin aminonucleoside enhanced proteinuria in TG mice compared with non-TG littermate controls (4.2 +/- 1.0 [TG] versus 1.6 +/- 0.3 [non-TG] mg/24 h; P = 0.0161). Thus, activation of G alpha q in glomerular podocytes caused alterations in glomerular histomorphology, albuminuria, decreased nephron mass, and reduced glomerular expression of both nephrin and podocalyxin as well as enhanced susceptibility to glomerular damage induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. It is speculated that G alpha q-coupled signaling cascades may be important effector pathways mediating renal injury. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Spurney, RF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, Box 3014, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM spurn002@mc.duke.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK065956] NR 66 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3611 EP 3622 DI 10.1681/ASN.2005020167 PG 12 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 992ON UT WOS:000233893600021 PM 16267159 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Sorg, TJ Snoeyink, VL AF Lytle, DA Sorg, TJ Snoeyink, VL TI Optimizing arsenic removal during iron removal: Theoretical and practical considerations SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE arsenic; iron; optimizing removal; oxidant; water ID CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FERRIC-CHLORIDE; WATER-TREATMENT; ADSORPTION; FERRIHYDRITE; OXIDATION; COAGULATION; GOETHITE AB New health effects research prompted the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to reduce the drinking water standard for arsenic from 0.05 to 0.010 mg l(-1) (10 mu g l(-1)), and as a result many drinking water systems (particularly smaller ones) throughout the country will no longer be in compliance. in waters that contain natural iron, arsenic removal can be achieved during iron removal, but the effectiveness of iron to remove arsenic depends on many variables. The objective of this study was to identify the operational and water quality factors that impact arsenic removal during iron removal. Bench-scale ('batch' and standard jar) tests were used to evaluate the effects of pH, phosphate, other water chemistry variables, and the oxidant used to oxidize Fe(II) on the removal of arsenic. Treatment operation considerations, including sequence of oxidant addition and contact time, were also considered. Results showed that (1) arsenic removal improves with increasing iron concentration and particle surface area,, (2) freshly precipitated iron particles had a much greater capacity to remove arsenic than preformed particles that were formed by oxidation of ferrous iron with either oxygen or chlorine (3) chlorination, or application of a stronger oxidant, may be necessary to improve arsenic removal at many drinking water treatment plants,, (4) the point of strong oxidant addition in the treatment train is important, and (5) the pH and other competing water quality variables such as phosphate play significant roles in the amount of arsenic removed. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD DEC PY 2005 VL 54 IS 8 BP 545 EP 560 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 001JD UT WOS:000234528500005 ER PT J AU Corton, JC Brown-Borg, HM AF Corton, JC Brown-Borg, HM TI Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 in caloric restriction and other models of longevity SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; AMES DWARF MICE; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CLOFIBRATE-TREATED MICE; PANCREATIC BETA-CELL; REGULATES LIFE-SPAN; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR AB Dietary restriction of calories (caloric restriction [CR]) increases longevity in phylogenetically diverse species. CR retards or prevents age-dependent deterioration of tissues and an array of spontaneous and chemically induced diseases associated with obesity including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of CR will help identify novel dietary, pharmacological, and lifestyle strategies for slowing the rate of aging and preventing these diseases as well as identify factors which modulate chemical toxicity. Here, we review the involvement of transcriptional coactivator proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) alpha and beta, and regulated nuclear receptors (NR) in mediating the phenotypic changes found in models of longevity which include rodent CR models and mouse mutants in which insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor-I signaling is attenuated. PGC-1 alpha is transcriptionally or posttranslationally regulated in mammals by: 1) forkhead box "other" (FoxO) transcription factors through an insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I-dependent pathway, 2) glucagon-stimulated cellular AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein, 3) stress-activated kinase signaling through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and 4) the deacetylase and longevity factor sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). PGC-alpha and PGC-beta regulate the ligand-dependent and -independent activation of a large number of NR including PPAR alpha and constitutive activated receptor (CAR). These NR regulate genes involved in nutrient and xenobiotic transport and metabolism as well as resistance to stress. CR reverses age-dependent decreases in PGC-alpha, PPAR alpha, and regulated genes. Strategies that target one or multiple PGC-1-regulated NR could be used to mimic the beneficial health effects found in models of longevity. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, MD B105-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 221 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 EI 1758-535X J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1494 EP 1509 PG 16 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 005RK UT WOS:000234841300002 PM 16424281 ER PT J AU Rom, L Cruickshank, W Burnett, A Cleveland, J Coble, P Kaplan, M Schoedinger, S Wallace, B AF Rom, L Cruickshank, W Burnett, A Cleveland, J Coble, P Kaplan, M Schoedinger, S Wallace, B TI Improving ocean education by implementmg the US Ocean Action Plan's directives SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Joint Task Force Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Off Naval Res, Washington, DC USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Rom, L (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Joint Task Force Educ, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM elrom@nsf.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 027ZA UT WOS:000236453700002 ER PT J AU Messer, LC Dole, N Kaufman, JS Savitz, DA AF Messer, LC Dole, N Kaufman, JS Savitz, DA TI Pregnancy intendedness, maternal psychosocial factors and preterm birth SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pregnancy intendedness; preterm birth; perceived stress; depressive symptoms; coping style; psychosocial attributes ID DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; PLANNING STATUS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; WOMEN; STRESS; WEIGHT; OUTCOMES; RISK; ASSOCIATION; WANTEDNESS AB Objectives: This study examined associations between reported pregnancy intendedness and several maternal psychosocial factors in relation to preterm birth (< 37 weeks' completed gestation). Methods: Women were recruited into a prospective cohort study between the 24th and 29th weeks of pregnancy in central North Carolina from 1996 to 2000. Prior to delivery, participants responded to questions about pregnancy intendedness, life events impacts, depressive symptoms, and coping style. Results: Women who reported not intending their pregnancy had increased odds of reporting low, medium and high levels of perceived stress during pregnancy (OR = 1.4 [95% CI: 1.1, 1.9], OR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.7, 2.8], and OR = 3.4 [95% CI: 2.6, 4.5], respectively, relative to very low), medium and high levels of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.8, 2.9] and OR = 3.1 [95% CI: 2.4, 3.9], respectively), and medium and high levels of several coping styles. Reporting not intending the pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of preterm birth (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.1), but reporting the highest quartile of perceived stress (RR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.3) and the highest tertile of distancing coping style (compared with lowest quartile) was associated with preterm birth (RR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9). Interactions between pregnancy intendedness and the psychosocial variables perceived stress, depression or coping style did not modify the psychosocial variable's associations with preterm birth. Conclusions: Pregnancy intendedness remains an important concept in the reproductive health literature integrally tied to indicators of maternal mental health, but not necessarily to pregnancy outcomes. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Messer, LC (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lmesser@email.unc.edu OI Dole, Nancy/0000-0002-2113-7984 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD28684, HD28684A]; PHS HHS [S0807-18/20, S455-16/17] NR 42 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0021-7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 997HW UT WOS:000234237200007 PM 16249944 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, Y Okada, S Naito, H Nagai, T Yasuoka, A Matsumoto, I Abe, K AF Ishimaru, Y Okada, S Naito, H Nagai, T Yasuoka, A Matsumoto, I Abe, K TI Two families of candidate taste receptors in fishes SO MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE taste receptor; fish; taste bud; phospholipase C-beta 2 ID PUTATIVE PHEROMONE RECEPTORS; BITTER TASTE; ODORANT RECEPTOR; MAMMALIAN SWEET; BUD CELLS; MULTIPLE; MOUSE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; EPITHELIUM AB Vertebrates receive tastants, such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides, via taste bud cells in epithelia] tissues. In mammals, two families of G protein-coupled receptors for tastants are expressed in taste bud cells-T1Rs for sweet tastants and umami tastants ((L)-amino acids) and T2Rs for bitter tastants. Here, we report two families of candidate taste receptors in fish species, fish T1Rs and T2Rs, which show significant identity to mammalian T1Rs and T2Rs, respectively. Fish T1Rs consist of three types: fish T1R1 and T1R3 that show the highest degrees of identity to mammalian T1R1 and T1R3, respectively, and fish TIR2 that shows almost equivalent identity to both mammalian T1R1 and TIR2. Unlike mammalian T1R2, fish TIR2 consists of two or three members in each species. We also identified two fish T2Rs that show low degrees of identity to mammalian Ms. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that fish T1R and T2R genes were expressed specifically in taste bud cells, but not in olfactory receptor cells. Fish T1R1 and TIR2 genes were expressed in different subsets of taste bud cells, and fish T1R3 gene was co-expressed with either fish T1R1 or TIR2 gene as in the case of mammals. There were also a significant number of cells expressing fish TIR2 genes only. Fish T2R genes were expressed in different cells from those expressing fish T1R genes. These results suggest that vertebrates commonly have two kinds of taste signaling pathways that are defined by the types of taste receptors expressed in taste receptor cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ishimaru, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM ayishi@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; aka7308@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4773 J9 MECH DEVELOP JI Mech. Dev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1310 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/j.mod.2005.07.005 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 000NK UT WOS:000234468700006 PM 16274966 ER PT J AU Zucker, RM Lerner, JM AF Zucker, RM Lerner, JM TI Wavelength and alignment tests for confocal spectral imaging systems SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE confocal microscope; wavelength calibration; spectral calibration; spectral imaging; Zeiss; Leica; Olympus; PARISS; quality assurance; validation; PMT; alignment ID PERFORMANCE; MICROSCOPY AB Confocal spectral imaging (CSI) microscope systems now on the market delineate multiple fluorescent proteins, labels, or dyes within biological specimens by performing spectral characterizations. However, we find that some CSI present inconsistent spectral profiles of reference spectra within a particular system as well as between related and unrelated instruments. We also And evidence of instability that, if not diagnosed, could lead to inconsistent data. This variability confirms the need for diagnostic tools to provide a standardized, objective means of characterizing instability, evidence of misalignment, as well as performing calibration and validation functions. Our protocol uses an inexpensive multi-ion discharge lamp (MIDL) that contains Hg+, Ar+, and inorganic fluorophores that emit distinct, stable spectral features, in place of a sample. An MIDL characterization verifies the accuracy and consistency of a CSI system and validates acquisitions of biological samples. We examined a total of 10 CSI systems, all of which displayed spectral inconsistencies, enabling us to identify malfunctioning subsystems. Only one of the 10 instruments met its optimal performance expectations. We have found that using a primary light source that emits an absolute standard "reference spectrum" enabled us to diagnose instrument errors and measure accuracy and reproducibility under normalized conditions. Using this information, a CSI operator can determine whether a CSI system is working optimally and make objective comparisons with the performance of other CSI systems. It is evident that if CSI systems of a similar make and model were standardized to reveal the same spectral profile from a standard light source, then researchers could be confident that real-life experimental findings would be repeatable on any similar system. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. LightForm Inc, Hillsborough, NJ 08844 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM zucker.robert@epa.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 5 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1002/jemt.20249 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 993VI UT WOS:000233983100009 PM 16315239 ER PT J AU Dietrich, A Schnitzler, MMY Gollasch, M Gross, V Storch, U Dubrovska, G Obst, M Yildirim, E Salanova, B Kalwa, H Essin, K Pinkenburg, O Luft, FC Gudermann, T Birnbaumer, L AF Dietrich, A Schnitzler, MMY Gollasch, M Gross, V Storch, U Dubrovska, G Obst, M Yildirim, E Salanova, B Kalwa, H Essin, K Pinkenburg, O Luft, FC Gudermann, T Birnbaumer, L TI Increased vascular smooth muscle contractility in TRPC6(-/-) mice (vol 25, pg 6980, 2005) SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. HELIOS Klinikum Berlin, Franz Volhard Klin, Berlin, Germany. Charite, Max Delbruck Ctr, Fak Med, Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dietrich, A (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. RI Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013; OI Dietrich, Alexander/0000-0002-1168-8707 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 24 BP 11191 EP 11191 DI 10.1128/MCB.25.24.11191.2005 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 990RZ UT WOS:000233762200045 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Keshava, C Olivero, OA Humsi, JA Poirier, MC Weston, A AF Gwinn, MR Keshava, C Olivero, OA Humsi, JA Poirier, MC Weston, A TI Transcriptional signatures of normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to benzo[a]pyrene exposure: A comparison of three microarray platforms SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CDNA MICROARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS AB Microarrays are used to study gene expression in a variety of biological systems. A number of different platforms have been developed, but few studies exist that have directly compared the performance of one platform with another. The goal of this study was to determine array variation by analyzing the same RNA samples with three different array platforms. Using gene expression responses to benzo[a] pyrene exposure in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs), we compared the results of gene expression profiling using three microarray platforms: photolithographic oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix), spotted oligonucleotide arrays (Amersham), and spotted cDNA arrays (NCI). While most previous reports comparing microarrays have analyzed pre-existing data from different platforms, this comparison study used the same sample assayed on all three platforms, allowing for analysis of variation from each array platform. In general, poor correlation was found with corresponding measurements from each platform. Each platform yielded different gene expression profiles, suggesting that while microarray analysis is a useful discovery tool, further validation is needed to extrapolate results for broad use of the data. Also, microarray variability needs to be taken into consideration, not only in the data analysis but also in specific probe selection for each array type. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, LCCTP, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,CDCP, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 334 EP 350 DI 10.1089/omi.2005.9.334 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 006UG UT WOS:000234922200003 PM 16402892 ER PT J AU Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB Hill, DE Miska, KB Lindquist, A Dubey, JP AF Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB Hill, DE Miska, KB Lindquist, A Dubey, JP TI Differential detection of Hammondia hammondi from Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Hammondia hammondi; Toxoplasma gondii; ITS-1; PCR; diagnosis ID TAXONOMIC IMPORTANCE; OBLIGATE HETEROXENY; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; REDESCRIPTION; SARCOCYSTIS; HEYDORNI; CYSTS; GOATS AB Hammondia hammondi and Toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. In the present study, primers were designed to specifically amplify the ITS-I region of H. hammondi to differentiate it from T gondii. Attempts were made to detect the presence of H. hammondi DNA in the tissues of mice infected with H. hammondi alone, as well as from mixed infections with T gondii, using the newly designed primers. The de novo primers effectively amplified the H. hammondi-specific target fragment from all samples containing H. hammondi, including those with concomitant T gondii infection. Further, the primers did not amplify any fragment from the related parasites like T gondii, Neospora caninum and Hammondia helvdorni. The new primers provide simple and efficient means to differentially diagnose H. hammondi from T gondii even in samples containing both parasites, thus obviating the need for other labourious techniques like mouse bioassay and in vitro cultivation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.06.008 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 971CL UT WOS:000232358600008 PM 16153883 ER PT J AU Bale, AS Adams, TL Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ Boyes, WK AF Bale, AS Adams, TL Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ Boyes, WK TI Role of NMDA, nicotinic, and GABA receptors in the steady-state visual-evoked potential in rats SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuroscience CY OCT 23-27, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Neurosci DE visual-evoked potential; neurotransmitter systems; long-Evans rat ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; AMINO-ACID RECEPTORS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; LONG-EVANS RATS; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; HOODED RATS; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; ABUSED SOLVENT; CORTEX; FLASH AB Agonists and antagonists at the NMDA, GABA, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were administered to adult male rats to evaluate the contribution of these pathways to the visual-evoked potential (VEP). Rats were presented with an onset/offset pattern at a temporal frequency (4.55 Hz) resulting in a steady-state VER Averaged VEPs were Fourier transformed and VEP amplitudes were calculated at 1 x stimulus frequency (F1) and 2x stimulus frequency (F2). About 30 min after administration, NNMA (10 mg/kg, i.p.; n=9) increased F1 amplitude by 350% and decreased F2 amplitude by 48%. Memantine (4.5 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 10) increased F1 amplitude by 50%, 10 min post-injection. Similarly, nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.; n =9) increased F1 amplitude by 55%, 20 min after drug administration. Muscimol (1 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 10) increased F1 amplitude significantly from 20 to 45 min post-injection. Mecamylamine (6 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 10) decreased F2 amplitude by 70% during the 60-min testing session. Bicuculline (0-0.5 mg/kg, i.p.; n=8-10 rats/dose) did not significantly alter either F1 or F2 amplitudes. Results indicate important roles for glutamate and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both F1 and F2, while GABA receptors contribute to F1. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Meredith Coll, Dept Psychol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 635 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.11.003 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 015LX UT WOS:000235554000006 PM 16388840 ER PT J AU Gupta, K Rispin, A Stitzel, K Coecke, S Harbell, J AF Gupta, K Rispin, A Stitzel, K Coecke, S Harbell, J TI Ensuring quality of in vitro alternative test methods: Issues and answers SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicology; in vitro; alternative; methods; quality; assurance; control; testing kits AB Many in vitro and ex vivo methods have been developed or are under development to reduce or replace animal usage in toxicity tests. Consistent with the goal of obtaining scientifically sound test data for hazard and risk assessment of chemicals, changes are being made in current policies and procedures to facilitate the acceptance of data developed using these methods. National and international organizations are developing policies and standards for scientific practice to assure quality in implementation of in vitro methods. Consensus is developing in the scientific community for the quality control measures needed for in vitro methods; including appropriate controls, data reporting elements, and benchmarks to be identified in test guidelines so that the potential risks of chemicals can be reviewed and reliably assessed. Additional guidance to the OECD's Good Laboratory Practice principles [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2004. Advisory Document of the Working Group on Good Laboratory Practice: The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring Number 14 (ENV/JM/MONO(2004)26). Paris, France] will help to ensure that in vitro tests used for regulatory purposes are reproducible, credible, and acceptable. Generic test guidelines incorporating performance standards are being written to allow acceptance of proprietary test methods by regulatory agencies and to provide assurance that any in vitro system performs over time in a manner that is consistent with the test system as it was originally validated. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs 7505C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Ispra, Italy. Inst In Vitro Sci Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Rispin, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs 7505C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM amy.rispin@epa.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.03.010 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 986WL UT WOS:000233480300001 PM 16099570 ER PT J AU David, GL Koh, WP Lee, HP Yu, MC London, SJ AF David, GL Koh, WP Lee, HP Yu, MC London, SJ TI Childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and chronic respiratory symptoms in non-smoking adults: The Singapore Chinese Health Study SO THORAX LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL SMOKING; LUNG-FUNCTION; PASSIVE SMOKING; DIETARY FIBER; YOUNG-ADULTS; ASTHMA; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; COHORT; POPULATION AB Background: Childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been extensively associated with childhood respiratory illness; fewer studies have addressed the effects on adults. Methods: Childhood environmental tobacco smoke exposure in relation to chronic cough, phlegm, and asthma diagnosis was studied in never smokers from a cohort of Singaporeans of Chinese ethnicity aged 45 - 74 years at enrolment from 1993 to 1998. From 1999 to 2004 subjects were interviewed regarding environmental tobacco smoke exposure before and after the age of 18 and the presence and duration of current symptoms of chronic cough and phlegm production and asthma diagnosis. Results: Among 35 000 never smokers, fewer had smoking mothers (19%) than fathers (48%). Although few subjects currently lived (20%) or worked (4%) with smokers, 65% reported living with a daily smoker before the age of 18 years. Living with a smoker before the age of 18 increased the odds of chronic dry cough (149 cases, odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.3) and, to a lesser extent, phlegm, after adjustment for age, sex, dialect group, and current and past exposure to smokers at home and at work after the age of 18. Associations strengthened with higher numbers of smokers in childhood. There was no association with asthma or chronic bronchitis. There was evidence to suggest a stronger association among subjects with a lower adult intake of fibre which has previously been found to be protective for respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: In this large study of non- smokers, living with a smoker in childhood was associated with chronic dry cough and phlegm in adulthood, independent of later exposures to environmental tobacco smoke. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP London, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, US Dept HHS, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM london2@niehs.nih.gov OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA80205]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES043012-07, ZO1 ES43012] NR 39 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 EI 1468-3296 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1052 EP 1058 DI 10.1136/thx.2005.042960 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 985HO UT WOS:000233368400017 PM 16131525 ER PT J AU Gennings, C Carter, WH Carchman, RA Teuschler, LK Simmons, JE Carney, EW AF Gennings, C Carter, WH Carchman, RA Teuschler, LK Simmons, JE Carney, EW TI A unifying concept for assessing toxicological interactions: Changes in slope SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE additivity; synergy; nonadditivity; interaction index; isobologram ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; OPTIMAL DESIGNS; BINARY DATA; MIXTURES; COMBINATIONS; CHEMICALS AB Robust statistical methods are important to the evaluation of toxicological interactions (i.e., departures from additivity) among chemicals in a mixture. However, different concepts of joint toxic action as applied to the statistical analysis of chemical mixture toxicology data or as used in environmental risk assessment often appear to conflict with one another. A unifying approach for application of statistical methodology in chemical mixture toxicology research is based on consideration of change(s) in slope. If the slope of the dose-response curve of one chemical does not change in the presence of other chemicals, then there is no interaction between the first chemical and the others. Conversely, if the rate of change in the response with respect to dose of the first chemical changes in the presence of the other chemicals, then an interaction is said to exist. This concept of zero interaction is equivalent to the usual approach taken in additivity models in the statistical literature. In these additivity models, the rate of change in the response as a function of the i(th) chemical does not change in the presence of other chemicals in a mixture. It is important to note that Berenbaum's (1985, J. Theor. Biol. 114, 413-431) general and fundamental definition of additivity does not require the chemicals in the mixture to have a common toxic mode of action nor to have similarly shaped dose response curves. We show an algebraic equivalence between these statistical additivity models and the definition of additivity given by Berenbaum. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA USA. US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, 1101 E Marshall St,B1-039-A, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi275 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 983FC UT WOS:000233215700002 PM 16081521 ER PT J AU Coffey, T Gennings, C Simmons, JE Herr, DW AF Coffey, T Gennings, C Simmons, JE Herr, DW TI D-optimal experimental designs to test for departure from additivity in a fixed-ratio mixture ray SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Toxicol DE additivity; nonadditivity; nonlinear threshold models; optimal designs ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; POWER; CHOLINESTERASE; COMBINATION; TOXICOLOGY; SYNERGY AB Traditional factorial designs for evaluating interactions among chemicals in a mixture may be prohibitive when the number of chemicals is large. Using a mixture of chemicals with a fixed ratio (mixture ray) results in an economical design that allows estimation of additivity or nonadditive interaction for a mixture of interest. This methodology is extended easily to a mixture with a large number of chemicals. Optimal experimental conditions can be chosen that result in increased power to detect departures from additivity. Although these designs are used widely for linear models, optimal designs for nonlinear threshold models are less well known. In the present work, the use of D-optimal designs is demonstrated for nonlinear threshold models applied to a fixed-ratio mixture ray. For a fixed sample size, this design criterion selects the experimental doses and number of subjects per dose level that result in minimum variance of the model parameters and thus increased power to detect departures from additivity. An optimal design is illustrated for a 2:1 ratio (chlorpyrifos:carbaryl) mixture experiment. For this example, and in general, the optimal designs for the nonlinear threshold model depend on prior specification of the slope and dose threshold parameters. Use of a D-optimal criterion produces experimental designs with increased power, whereas standard nonoptimal designs with equally spaced dose groups may result in low power if the active range or threshold is missed. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, B1-039-A,1101 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007334-03, T32 ES007334, T32 ES007334-01A1] NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi320 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 983FC UT WOS:000233215700020 PM 16162847 ER PT J AU Fostel, J Choi, D Zwickl, C Morrison, N Rashid, A Hasan, A Bao, WJ Richard, A Tong, WD Bushel, PR Brown, R Bruno, M Cunningham, ML Dix, D Eastin, W Frade, C Garcia, A Heinloth, A Irwin, R Madenspacher, J Merrick, BA Papoian, T Paules, R Rocca-Serra, P Sansone, AS Stevens, J Tomer, K Yang, CH Waters, M AF Fostel, J Choi, D Zwickl, C Morrison, N Rashid, A Hasan, A Bao, WJ Richard, A Tong, WD Bushel, PR Brown, R Bruno, M Cunningham, ML Dix, D Eastin, W Frade, C Garcia, A Heinloth, A Irwin, R Madenspacher, J Merrick, BA Papoian, T Paules, R Rocca-Serra, P Sansone, AS Stevens, J Tomer, K Yang, CH Waters, M TI Chemical Effects in Biological Systems-Data Dictionary (CEBS-DD): A compendium of terms for the capture and integration of biological study design description, conventional phenotypes, and 'omics data SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS) Knowledgebase; toxicogenomics study protocols; toxicity endpoint data; acetaminophen; phenotypic anchor ID GENE-EXPRESSION AB A critical component in the design of the Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS) Knowledgebase is a strategy to capture toxicogenomics study protocols and the toxicity endpoint data (clinical pathology and histopathology). A Study is generally an experiment carried out during a period of time for the purpose of obtaining data, and the Study Design Description captures the methods, timing, and organization of the Study. The CEBS Data Dictionary (CEBS-DD) has been designed to define and organize terms in an attempt to standardize nomenclature needed to describe a toxicogenomics Study in a structured yet intuitive format and provide a flexible means to describe a Study as conceptualized by the investigator. The CEBS-DD will organize and annotate information from a variety of sources, thereby facilitating the capture and display of toxicogenomics data in biological context in CEBS, i.e., associating molecular events detected in highly-parallel data with the toxicology/pathology phenotype as observed in the individual Study Subjects and linked to the experimental treatments. The CEBS-DD has been developed with a focus on acute toxicity studies, but with a design that will permit it to be extended to other areas of toxicology and biology with the addition of domain-specific terms. To illustrate the utility of the CEBS-DD, we present an example of integrating data from two proteomics and transcriptomics studies of the response to acute acetaminophen toxicity (A. N. Heinloth et al., 2004, Toxicol. Sci. 80, 193-202). C1 US Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. LMIT, LIMT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lilly Res Lab, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. Univ Manchester, NERC, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Alpha Gamma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Natl Ctr Toxicogenom Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Glaxo SmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Xybion Inc, Cedar Knolls, NJ USA. EBI, EMBL, Cambridge CB10, England. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Leadscope Inc, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Fostel, J (reprint author), US Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, POB 12233 Mail Drop F1-05,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fostel@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; OI Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 585 EP 601 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi315 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 983FC UT WOS:000233215700032 PM 16150882 ER PT J AU Carey, MA van Pelt, FNAM AF Carey, MA van Pelt, FNAM TI Immunochemical detection of flucloxacillin adduct formation in livers of treated rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flucloxacillin; cholestasis; drug-adduct; immunoblotting; ELISA ID CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS; DAMAGE; DICLOXACILLIN; DERIVATIVES; PENICILLIN; OXACILLIN; PROTEINS; JAUNDICE; THERAPY; BINDING AB Flucloxacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of staphylococcal infections. Severe liver reactions, characterised by delayed cholestatic hepatitis and a prolonged course of recovery, a re associated with flucloxacillin therapy. Clinical findings are suggestive of an immune mediated reaction but there exists little supporting experimental evidence. The formation of drug modified hepatic protein adducts has been proposed to play an important role in the hepatotoxicity of many drugs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether flucloxacillin treatment results in adduct formation in vivo. Flucloxacillin was conjugated to rabbit serum albumin by formation of a penicilloyl determinant and used as an immunogen to raise a polyclonal antiserum specific for flucloxacillin-modified proteins. Antibody specificity was confirmed by competitive enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay (ELISA) with free drug. The antiserum was used in combination with western blotting to detect adduct formation in the livers of flucloxacillin treated rats. Western blot analysis of rat liver subcellular fractions revealed the formation of six flucloxacillin adducts in various subcellular fractions. These studies demonstrate for the first time that treatment with flucloxacillin results in the formation of hepatic protein adducts. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Therapeut & Pharmacol, Cork, Ireland. RP Carey, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM carey1@niehs.nih.gov NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.07.015 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 984NX UT WOS:000233312700006 PM 16112790 ER PT J AU Chung, YJ Coates, NH Viana, ME Copeland, L Vesper, SJ Selgrade, MK Ward, MDW AF Chung, YJ Coates, NH Viana, ME Copeland, L Vesper, SJ Selgrade, MK Ward, MDW TI Dose-dependent allergic responses to an extract of Penicillium chrysogenum in BALB/c mice (vol 209, pg 77, 2005) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction ID PROTEASE MAJOR ALLERGEN; BIOPESTICIDE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; ASTHMA; MODEL; PREVALENCE AB Indoor mold has been associated with the development of allergic asthma. Penicillium chrysogenum, a common indoor mold, is known to have several allergens and can induce allergic responses in a mouse model of allergic penicilliosis. Our hypothesis is that soluble components of P. chrysogenum (PCE) can dose-dependently induce responses typical of allergic asthma in BALB/c mice. Mice were exposed to 10, 20, 50, or 70 mu g of PCE by involuntary aspiration four times over a 4-week period. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected before (day 0), and at days I and 3 following the final exposure. PCE-exposed mice demonstrated dose-dependent increases in: BALF total cell numbers including eosinophil, serum and BALF total IgE levels, BALF IL-5 levels, and increased severity of histopathologic lesions. A single exposure to the highest dose of PCE resulted in edema and cellular damage but not immune responses. Four exposures to Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (10 mu g, positive control) resulted in equivalent or greater allergic asthma-like responses than those demonstrated by multiple exposures to 50 or 70 mu g of PCE. Multiple exposures to 70 mu g of PCE showed increased allergen-triggered immediate respiratory responses as well as non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as assessed by barometric whole-body plethysmography. Taken together, repeated pulmonary challenge with P. chrysogenum extract induced dose-dependent allergic asthma-like responses in mice. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dynamac Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Chung, YJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM chung.yongjoo@epa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.07.017 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 984NX UT WOS:000233312700009 ER PT J AU Maloyan, A Sanbe, A Osinska, H Westfall, M Robinson, D Imahashi, K Murphy, E Robbins, J AF Maloyan, A Sanbe, A Osinska, H Westfall, M Robinson, D Imahashi, K Murphy, E Robbins, J TI Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis underlie the pathogenic process in alpha-beta-crystallin desmin-related cardiomyopathy SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathy; heart diseases; heart failure; molecular biology ID B-CRYSTALLIN; MYOFIBRILLAR MYOPATHY; IN-VIVO; DISEASE; HEART; PROTEIN; DEATH; MICE; METABOLISM; HUNTINGTIN AB Background - Mitochondria and sarcomeres have a well- defined architectural relation that partially depends on the integrity of the cytoskeletal network. An R120G missense mutation in the small heat shock protein alpha- B- crystallin ( CryAB) causes desmin- related cardiomyopathy. Desmin- related cardiomyopathy is characterized by the formation of intracellular aggregates containing CryAB and desmin that are amyloid positive, and disease can be recapitulated in transgenic mice by cardiac- specific expression of the mutant protein. Methods and Results - To understand the resultant pathology, we explored the acute effects of R120G expression both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, transfection of adult cardiomyocytes with R120G- expressing adenovirus resulted in altered contractile mechanics. In vivo, as the cytoskeletal network is disturbed but before deficits in organ function can be detected, alterations in mitochondrial organization and architecture occur, leading to a reduction in the maximal rate of oxygen consumption with substrates that utilize complex I activity, alterations in the permeability transition pore, and compromised inner membrane potential. Apoptotic pathways are subsequently activated, which eventually results in cardiomyocyte death, dilation, and heart failure. Conclusions - Cardiac chaperone dysfunction acutely leads to altered cardiomyocyte mechanics, perturbations in mitochondrial- sarcomere architecture, and deficits in mitochondrial function, which can result in activation of apoptosis and heart failure. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Div Mol Cardiovasc Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cardiac Surg Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Robbins, J (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Div Mol Cardiovasc Biol, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM jeff.robbins@cchmc.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL069779, R01 HL066157, T32 HL007825, R01 HL056370, P50 HL074728, P50 HL052318] NR 33 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 22 BP 3451 EP 3461 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONHA.105.572552 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 988AC UT WOS:000233558300015 PM 16316967 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Alarcon, W Blondell, JM AF Calvert, GM Alarcon, W Blondell, JM TI Pesticide exposure at schools and acute illnesses - In reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM walarcon@cdc.gov RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 19 BP 2431 EP 2431 DI 10.1001/jama.294.19.2431-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 984BL UT WOS:000233277400011 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA Cook, DN AF Schwartz, DA Cook, DN TI Polymorphisms of the toll-like receptors and human disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual International Sepsis Forum Colloquium on Identifying Responsive Populations in Sepsis CY JUL 10-12, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND ID ANTI-DNA ANTIBODIES; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR-4 GENE; ASP299GLY POLYMORPHISM; LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; MUTATIONS; ENDOTOXIN AB The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Given its broad effect on immunity, the function of TLRs in various human diseases has been investigated largely by comparing the incidence of disease among persons with different polymorphisms in the genes that participate in TLR signaling. These studies demonstrate that TLR function affects several diseases, including sepsis, immunodeficiencies, atherosclerosis, and asthma. These findings have resulted in new opportunities to study the pathogenesis of disease, identify subpopulations at greater risk of disease, and, potentially, identify novel therapeutic approaches. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM david.schwartz@niehs.nih.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-66604, HL-66611]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-011961, ES-012496, ES-07498, ES-11375] NR 57 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 41 SU 7 BP S403 EP S407 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 975NU UT WOS:000232670000003 PM 16237638 ER PT J AU Wasson, SJ Linak, WP Gullett, BK King, CJ Touati, A Huggins, FE Chen, YZ Shah, N Huffman, GP AF Wasson, SJ Linak, WP Gullett, BK King, CJ Touati, A Huggins, FE Chen, YZ Shah, N Huffman, GP TI Emissions of chromium, copper, arsenic, and PCDDs/Fs from open burning of CCA-treated wood SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PCDD/F EMISSIONS; SPECIATION; COAL; ASH; SPECTROSCOPY; MATTER; WASTE; EXAFS; PCDFS AB Aged and weathered chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood was burned in an open burn research facility to characterize the air emissions and residual ash. The objectives were to simulate, to the extent possible, the combustion of such waste wood as might occur in an open field or someone's backyard; to characterize the composition and particle size distribution (PSD) of the emitted fly ash; to determine the partitioning of arsenic, chromium, and copper between the fly ash and residual ash; and to examine the speciation of the CCA elements, This work reports preliminary air emission concentrations and estimated emission factors for total particulate matter, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) totals and toxic equivalents (TEQs). The partitioning of As, Cr, and Cu between the emitted fly ash and residual ash is examined and thermochemical predictions from the literature are used to explain the observed behavior. Results indicate a unimodal fly ash PSD between 0.1 and 1.0 mu m diameter. In addition to a large carbonaceous component, between 11 and 14% of the As present in the burned CCA treated wood was emitted with the air emissions, with the remainder present in the residual ash. In contrast, less than 1% of both the Cr and Cu present in the wood was emitted with the air emissions. PCDD/F levels were unremarkable, averaging 1.7 ng TEQ/kg of treated wood burned, a value typical for wood combustion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was unable to resolve inorganic particles consisting of Cu, Cr, or As in the wood samples, but X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy confirmed that the oxidation states of the CCA elements in the wood were Cu2(+), Cr(3+), and AS(5+). SEM examination of the fly ash samples revealed some inorganic microcrystals within the mostly carbonaceous fly ash, while XAFS spectroscopy of the same samples showed that the oxidation states after combustion were mixed Cu(+) and Cu(2+), Cr(3+), and mixed AS(3+) and As(5+). Estimates of the ratios of the mixed oxidation states based on the XAFS spectra were As(3+)/(total As) = 0.8-0.9 and Cu(+)/(total Cu) = 0.65-0.7. The Cu and Cr present in the fly ash were determined to coexist predominantly in the two oxide phases CuCrO(2) and CuCr(2)O(4). These results indicate that the open burning of CCA-treated wood can lead to significant air emissions of the more toxic trivalent form of As in particle sizes that are most respirable. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Kentucky, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Linak, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM linak.bill@epa.gov RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Chen, Yuanzhi/0000-0001-9749-7313 NR 61 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 22 BP 8865 EP 8876 DI 10.1021/es050891g PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984IS UT WOS:000233297100047 PM 16323788 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Peng, M Vane, LM AF Liu, SX Peng, M Vane, LM TI CFD simulation of effect of baffle on mass transfer in a slit-type pervaporation module SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; CFD; modeling and simulation; baffle; mass transfer ID CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TURBULENCE PROMOTERS; SEPARATION; CHANNEL; SPACERS; WATER; FLOW AB A pervaporation simulation was conducted to describe mass transfer in a slit membrane module that contained mixing-promoting baffles for efficient removal of volatile organic compounds. Commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package was employed to solve hydrodynamics and mass transfer equations. The effects of baffle on enhancing mass transfer in the module were examined. Numerical simulation results indicated 14, 24, and 34% improvements of the average mass transfer coefficient within the flow channel with baffle height of 10, 30, and 50% of the slit height of the module, reaching 1.25 x 10(-5) m/s, 1.35 x 10(-5) m/s, 1.44 x 10-5 m/s, respectively, as compared with 1.08 x 10(-5) m/s where there was no baffle. In all cases, a second peak of the local flux was observed due to the disruption of the developed boundary layer around the baffle. Separation of the boundary layers was observed for baffles with 30 and 50% of the slit height. The pressure drops over the channel length were compared. An increase in 2, 4, and 27% in pressure drop corresponding to the aforementioned three different baffle heights were observed. The effect of multiple baffles on mass transfer depends on the locations of the second baffle. The effect of multiple baffles in the module is insignificant. Pervaporation (PV) experiments were conducted using polydimethylsiloxane membrane with baffle attached and compared with the simulation results. The experimental result showed good agreement with the simulation results at low Reynolds numbers (< 1000). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM liu@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 265 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.048 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 978TJ UT WOS:000232895600013 ER PT J AU Sen, B Wang, A Hester, SD Robertson, JL Wolf, DC AF Sen, B Wang, A Hester, SD Robertson, JL Wolf, DC TI Gene expression profiling of responses to dimethylarsinic acid in female F344 rat urothelium SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimethylarsinic acid; arsenic; urothelium; urinary bladder; gene expression; microarray ID METHYLATED TRIVALENT ARSENICALS; CULTURED HUMAN-CELLS; BLADDER EPITHELIUM; DNA-DAMAGE; CARCINOGENESIS; KINASE; PROLIFERATION; GLUTATHIONE; INDUCTION; APOPTOSIS AB Gene expression profiling has been shown to be useful for identifying underlying mechanisms of toxicity, determining patterns of biological response, and elucidating candidate markers of exposure and response. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human carcinogen and epidemiologic evidence implicates it in the development of urinary bladder cancer. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), the major excreted metabolite of iAs in humans, is a known rat bladder carcinogen. To examine the changes associated with DMA exposure, microarray analysis of the urothelium was performed in female F344 rats exposed to non-toxic and toxic doses of DMA in their drinking water for 28 days. A novel method for isolating predominantly urothelial cells was developed. Gene expression profiling of the urothelium using a custom 2-dye spotted array revealed that DMA treatment modulated the expression of transcripts of genes that regulate apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and the oxidative stress response. Expression of genes mapping to pathways involved in cancer control processes were also altered after DMA exposure. Morphological data suggested a dose dependent increase in cellular toxicity. Significant changes in differential gene expression were present after all treatments event at doses where standard toxicological responses were not detectable. The greatest perturbation in gene expression was present in rats after treatment with 40 ppm DMA. Doses which produced no histologic or ultrastructural evidence of toxicity (non-toxic) could be differentiated from toxic doses based on the expression of a subset of genes, which control cell signaling and the stress response. These reported changes in gene expression show similarities between the mechanisms of action of DMA in vivo and those previously described for iAs in vitro. These data illustrate the utility of transcriptional profiling and its potential in predicting key mechanistic pathways involved in toxicity and as a time efficient tool to inform the mode of action analysis in risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sen, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, MD B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sen.banalata@epa.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 3 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.07.008 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 983WB UT WOS:000233261900006 PM 16122865 ER PT J AU Xu, M Nelson, GB Moore, JE McCoy, TP Dai, J Manderville, RA Ross, JA Miller, MS AF Xu, M Nelson, GB Moore, JE McCoy, TP Dai, J Manderville, RA Ross, JA Miller, MS TI Induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1and formation of DNA adducts in C57BL/6, Balb/c, and F1 mice following in utero exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fetus; Cyp1a1; Cyp1b1; 3-methylcholanthrene; lung tumors; transplacental carcinogenesis; DNA adducts ID TRANSPLACENTAL LUNG CARCINOGENESIS; HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE INDUCTION; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; KI-RAS MUTATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS; DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; AH RECEPTOR; MICE; CANCER; TUMORS AB Fetal mice are more sensitive to chemical carcinogens than are adults. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated differences in the mutational spectrum induced in the Ki-ras gene from lung tumors isolated from [D2 x B6D2F1]F2 mice and Balb/c mice treated in utero with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). We thus determined if differences in metabolism, adduct formation, or adduct repair influence strain-specific responses to transplacental MC exposure in C57BL/6 (136), Balb/c (BC), and reciprocal F1 crosses between these two strains of mice. The induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 in fetal lung and liver tissue was determined by quantitative fluorescent real-time PCR. MC treatment caused maximal induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 RNA 2-8 h after injection in both organs. RNA levels for both genes then declined in both fetal organs, but a small biphasic, secondary increase in Cyp1a1 was observed specifically in the fetal lung 24-48 h after MC exposure in all four strains. Cyp1a1 induction by MC at 4 h was 2-5 times greater in fetal liver (7000- to 16,000-fold) than fetal lung (2000- to 6000-fold). Cyp1b1 induction in both fetal lung and liver was similar and much lower than that observed for Cyp1a1, with induction ratios of 8- to 18-fold in fetal lung and 10- to 20-fold in fetal liver. The overall kinetics and patterns of induction were thus very similar across the four strains of mice. The only significant strain-specific effect appeared to be the relatively poor induction of Cyp1b1 in the parental strain of 136 mice, especially in fetal lung tissue. We also measured the levels of MC adducts and their disappearance from lung tissue by the p(32) post-labeling assay on gestation days 18 and 19 and postnatal days 1, 4, 11, and 18. Few differences were seen between the different strains of mice; the parental strain of 136 mice had nominally higher levels of DNA adducts 2 (gestation day 19) and 4 (postnatal day 1) days after injection, although this was not statistically significant. These results indicate that differences in Phase I metabolism of MC and formation of MC-DNA adducts are unlikely to account for the marked differences observed in the Ki-ras mutational spectrum seen in previous studies. Further, the results suggest that other genetic factors may interact with chemical carcinogens in determining individual susceptibility to these agents during development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Canc Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Miller, MS (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Canc Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM msmiller@wfubmc.edu RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA12197] NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.03.012 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 985LD UT WOS:000233378100004 PM 15885734 ER PT J AU von Haefen, RH Massey, DM Adamowicz, WL AF von Haefen, RH Massey, DM Adamowicz, WL TI Serial nonparticipation in repeated discrete choice models SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE choice experiments; discrete choice models; hurdle models; recreation demand; serial nonparticipation ID RECREATION DEMAND ANALYSIS; COUNT DATA MODELS; LOGIT-MODELS; PREFERENCE; QUALITY AB We consider alternative econometric strategies for addressing serial nonparticipation, that is, repeated choice of the same alternative or same type of alternative across a series of choice occasions, in data typically analyzed within the repeated discrete choice framework. Single and double hurdle variants of the repeated discrete choice model are developed and applied to choice experiment and multisite seasonal recreation demand data. Our results suggest that hurdle models can generate significant improvements in statistical fit and qualitatively different policy implications, particularly in choice experiment applications where the proper treatment of serial nonparticipation is relatively more ambiguous. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Rural Econ, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP von Haefen, RH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1076 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00794.x PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 973PG UT WOS:000232534500017 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Antao-Menezes, A Ingram, JL Rice, AB Nyska, A Tani, Y Kleeberger, SR Bonner, JC AF Walters, DM Antao-Menezes, A Ingram, JL Rice, AB Nyska, A Tani, Y Kleeberger, SR Bonner, JC TI Susceptibility of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1-deficient mice to pulmonary fibrogenesis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; TARGETED DISRUPTION; INDUCED MITOGENESIS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IFN-GAMMA; FIBROSIS; STAT1 AB The signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-1 mediates growth arrest and apoptosis. We postulated that lung fibrosis characterized by excessive proliferation of lung fibroblasts would be enhanced in Stat1-deficient (Stat1(-/-)) mice. Two weeks after bleomycin aspiration (3 U/kg), Stat1(-/-) mice exhibited a more severe fibroproliferative response and significantly elevated total lung collagen compared to wild-type mice. Growth factors [epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)] enhanced [H-3]thymidinc uptake in lung fibroblasts isolated from Stat1(-/-) mice compared to wildtype mice. interferon (IFN)-gamma, which signals growth arrest via Stat1, inhibited EGF- or PDGF-stimulated mitogenesis in wild-type fibroblasts but enhanced [H-3]thymidinc uptake in Stat1(-/-) fibroblasts. Moreover, IFN-gamma treatment in the absence of growth factors induced a concentration-dependent increase in [H-3]thymidine uptake in Stat1(-/-) but not wild-type fibroblasts. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK-1/2) phosphorylation in response to PDGF or EGF did not differ among Stat1(-/-) and wild-type fibroblasts. However, Stat3 phosphorylation induced by PDGF, EGF, or IFN-gamma increased twofold in Stat1(-/-) fibroblasts compared to wild-type fibroblasts. Our findings indicate that Stat1(-/-) mice arc more susceptible to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis than wild-type mice due to 1) enhanced fibroblast proliferation in response to growth factors (EGF and PDGF), 2) stimulation of fibroblast growth by a Stat1-independent IFN-gamma signaling pathway, and 3) increased activation of Stat3. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Div Biol Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Labs Resp Biol & Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bonner, JC (reprint author), CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Div Biol Sci, POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jbonner@ciit.org OI Walters, Dianne/0000-0003-3888-2646 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1221 EP 1229 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61210-2 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 979UK UT WOS:000232970200005 PM 16251407 ER PT J AU Fan, H Zingarelli, B Peck, OM Teti, G Tempel, GE Halushka, PV Cook, JA Spicher, K Boulay, G Birnbaumer, L AF Fan, H Zingarelli, B Peck, OM Teti, G Tempel, GE Halushka, PV Cook, JA Spicher, K Boulay, G Birnbaumer, L TI Lipopolysaccharide- and gram-positive bacteria-induced cellular inflammatory responses: role of heterotrimeric G alpha(i) proteins. (vol 58, pg 293, 2005) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Duesseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Sherbrooke, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Transmembrane Signaling Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fan, H (reprint author), Univ Duesseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, Dusseldorf, Germany. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 EI 1522-1563 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 289 IS 5 BP C1360 EP C1360 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 971LJ UT WOS:000232385300033 ER PT J AU Pourazar, J Mudway, IS Samet, JM Helleday, R Blomberg, A Wilson, SJ Frew, AJ Kelly, FJ Sandstrom, T AF Pourazar, J Mudway, IS Samet, JM Helleday, R Blomberg, A Wilson, SJ Frew, AJ Kelly, FJ Sandstrom, T TI Diesel exhaust activates redox-sensitive transcription factors and kinases in human airways SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; PROTEIN-KINASE; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; PARTICLES INDUCE; DIFFERING LEVELS AB Diesel exhaust ( DE) is a major component of airborne particulate matter. In previous studies we have described the acute inflammatory response of the human airway to inhaled DE. This was characterized by neutrophil, mast cell, and lymphocyte infiltration into the bronchial mucosa with enhanced epithelial expression of IL-8, Gro-alpha, and IL-13. In the present study, we investigated whether redox-sensitive transcription factors were activated as a consequence of DE exposure, consistent with oxidative stress triggering airway inflammation. In archived biopsies from 15 healthy subjects exposed to DE [particulates with a mass median diameter of < 10 mu m, 300 mu g/m(3)] and air, immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify the expression of the transcription factors NF-kappa B ( p65) and AP-1 ( c-jun and c-fos), as well their upstream MAPKs, p38 and JNK, in the bronchial epithelium. In addition, phosphorylation of tyrosine residues was examined. DE induced a significant increase in the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B (P = 0.02), AP-1 ( P = 0.02), phosphorylated JNK ( P = 0.04), and phosphorylated p38 ( P = 0.01), as well as an increase in total ( cytoplasmic + nuclear) immunostaining of phosphorylated p38 ( P = 0.03). A significant increase in nuclear phosphorylated tyrosine was also observed ( P < 0.05). These observations demonstrate that DE activates redox-sensitive transcription factors in vivo consistent with oxidative stress triggering the increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. C1 Univ Umea Hosp, Dept Resp Med & Allergy, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. Univ London Kings Coll, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Med, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Sandstrom, T (reprint author), Univ Umea Hosp, Dept Resp Med & Allergy, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. EM thomas.sandstrom@lung.umu.se RI Kelly, Frank/C-6125-2009; OI Kelly, Frank/0000-0003-2558-8392; Blomberg, Anders/0000-0002-2452-7347 NR 40 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 289 IS 5 BP L724 EP L730 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00055.2005 PG 7 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 972RB UT WOS:000232469800007 PM 15749742 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Silbajoris, RA Whang, YE Graves, LM Bromberg, PA Samet, JM AF Wu, WD Silbajoris, RA Whang, YE Graves, LM Bromberg, PA Samet, JM TI p38 and EGF receptor kinase-mediated activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is required for Zn2+-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zinc; airway epithelial cell; signal transduction ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; PROTEIN-KINASE; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; COX-2 EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; ZINC; INVOLVEMENT AB Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression is induced by physiological and inflammatory stimuli. Regulation of COX-2 expression is stimulus and cell type specific. Exposure to Zn2+ has been associated with activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways as well as the induction of COX-2 expression. This study aims to elucidate the role of intracellular signaling pathways in Zn2+ -induced COX-2 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K) potently block Zn2+ -induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Overexpression of adenoviral constructs encoding dominant-negative Akt kinase downstream of PI3K or wild-type phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, an important PI3K phosphatase, suppresses COX-2 mRNA expression induced by Zn2+. Zn2+ exposure induces phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinases, including Src and EGF receptor (EGFR), and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Blockage of these kinases results in inhibition of Zn2+ -induced Akt phosphorylation as well as COX-2 protein expression. Overexpression of dominant negative p38 constructs suppresses Zn2+ -induced increase in COX-2 promoter activity. In contrast, the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases have minimal effect on Akt phosphorylation and COX-2 expression. Inhibition of p38, Src, and EGFR kinases with pharmacological inhibitors markedly reduces Akt phosphorylation induced by Zn2+. However, the PI3K inhibitors do not show inhibitory effects on p38, Src, and EGFR. These data suggest that p38 and EGFR kinase-mediated Akt activation is required for Zn2+ -induced COX- 2 expression and that the PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway plays a central role in this event. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wu, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Weidong_Wu@med.unc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-85772] NR 58 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 289 IS 5 BP L883 EP L889 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00197.2005 PG 7 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 972RB UT WOS:000232469800025 PM 15980035 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Cooper, GS Alavanja, MC Sandler, DP AF De Roos, AJ Cooper, GS Alavanja, MC Sandler, DP TI Rheumatoid arthritis among women in the agricultural health study: Risk associated with farming activities and exposures SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune diseases; autoimmunity; pesticides; farming; occupation ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; COHORT; DETERMINANTS; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; HERBICIDES AB PURPOSE: Farming has been associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in some studies, but specific causes have not been identified. We studied risk factors for RA in the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort of over 57,000 licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses. METHODS: We used a nested case-control design, limited to female participants. Physician-confirmed cases (n = 135) were matched to five controls each (n = 675) by birth date, We used logistic regression, adjusting for birth date and state to examine associations, as estimated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Risk of RA was not associated with mixing or applying pesticides overall or with any pesticide class, nor did it vary by number of days or years of use. Certain pesticides were associated with small non-significantly increased risks, including lindane (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.6-5.0). RA risk was associated with welding (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-5.4), albeit imprecisely, but not with solvents or sunlight. CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any strong risk factors for RA. Because of the severe disability associated with this relatively common disease, further investigation into causes is warranted both in the Agricultural Health Study and elsewhere. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP De Roos, AJ (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-B874, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM deroos@u.washington.edu OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 10 BP 762 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.08.001 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 986GM UT WOS:000233438100007 PM 16257361 ER PT J AU Buckler, DR Mayer, FL Ellersieck, MR Asfaw, A AF Buckler, DR Mayer, FL Ellersieck, MR Asfaw, A TI Acute toxicity value extrapolation with fish and aquatic invertebrates SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Assessment of risk posed by an environmental contaminant to an aquatic community requires estimation of both its magnitude of occurrence (exposure) and its ability to cause harm (effects). Our ability to estimate effects is often hindered by limited toxicological information. As a result, resource managers and environmental regulators are often faced with the need to extrapolate across taxonomic groups in order to protect the more sensitive members of the aquatic community. The goals of this effort were to 1) compile and organize an extensive body of acute toxicity data, 2) characterize the distribution of toxicant sensitivity across taxa and species, and 3) evaluate the utility of toxicity extrapolation methods based upon sensitivity relations among species and chemicals. Although the analysis encompassed a wide range of toxicants and species, pesticides and freshwater fish and invertebrates were emphasized as a reflection of available data. Although it is obviously desirable to have high-quality acute toxicity values for as many species as possible, the results of this effort allow for better use of available information for predicting the sensitivity of untested species to environmental contaminants. A software program entitled "Ecological Risk Analysis" (ERA) was developed that predicts toxicity values for sensitive members of the aquatic community using species sensitivity distributions. Of several methods evaluated, the ERA program used with minimum data sets comprising acute toxicity values for rainbow trout, bluegill, daphnia, and mysids provided the most satisfactory predictions with the least amount of data. However, if predictions must be made using data for a single species, the most satisfactory results were obtained with extrapolation factors developed for rainbow trout (0.412), bluegill (0.331), or scud (0.041). Although many specific exceptions occur, our results also support the conventional wisdom that invertebrates are generally more sensitive to contaminants than fish are. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Buckler, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dbuckler@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 546 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0151-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 978ET UT WOS:000232857100012 PM 16205993 ER PT J AU Blunden, J Aneja, VP Lonneman, WA AF Blunden, J Aneja, VP Lonneman, WA TI Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CAFOs; swine; VOCs; odor; dimethyl sulfide ID FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR; EMISSIONS; AMMONIUM; LAGOONS; WASTES; GASES; ODORS AB Samples were collected and analyzed in a field study to characterize C-2-C-12 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted at five swine facilities in Eastern North Carolina between April 2002 and February 2003. Two sites employed conventional lagoon and field spray technologies, while three sites utilized various alternative waste treatment technologies in an effort to substantially reduce gaseous compound emissions, odor, and pathogens from these swine facilities. More than 100 compounds, including various paraffins, olefins, aromatics, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, phenols, and sulfides were positively identified and quantified by Gas Chromatographic/Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID) analysis and confirmed by Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). GC/MS analysis of one particularly complex sample collected assisted in providing identification and retention times for 17 sulfur-type VOCs including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide as well as many other VOCs. Highest VOC concentration levels measured at each of the facilities were near the hog barn ventilation fans. Total measured VOCs at the hog barns were typically dominated by oxygenated hydrocarbons (HCs), i.e., ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. These compounds, in addition to other oxygenated VOCs measured at the various sites, generally represented similar to 37-73% of net total measured VOCs that were emitted from the hog barns at the various sites. Dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide, both recognized as malodorous compounds, were determined to have higher concentration levels at the barns than the background at every farm sampled with the exception of one farm during the warm sampling season. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Aneja, VP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM viney_aneja@ncsu.edu RI Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 36 BP 6707 EP 6718 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983JA UT WOS:000233226300001 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Fine, PM Geron, CD Kleeman, MJ Gullett, BK AF Hays, MD Fine, PM Geron, CD Kleeman, MJ Gullett, BK TI Open burning of agricultural biomass: Physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural fire; PM2.5; chemical emissions characterization; potassium; chlorine; organic speciation ID FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-POLLUTION; MATTER; WOOD; AEROSOLS; TRACERS; SMOKE AB We present the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from simulated agricultural fires (AFs) of surface residuals of two major grain crops, rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The 02 levels and CO/CO2 ratios of the open burn simulations are typical of the field fires of agricultural residues. In the AF plumes, we observe predominantly accumulation mode (100-1000 nm) aerosols. The mean PM2.5 mass emission factors from replicate burns of the wheat and rice residuals are 4.7 +/- 0.04 and 13.0 +/- 0.3 g kg(-1) of dry biomass, respectively. The combustion-derived PM emissions from wheat are enriched in K (31% weight/weight, w/w) and Cl (36% w/w), whereas the PM emissions from rice are largely carbonaceous (84% w/w). Molecular level gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of PM2.5 solvent extracts identifies organic matter that accounts for as much as 18% of the PM mass emissions. A scarcity of detailed PM-phase chemical emissions data from AFs required that comparisons among other biomass combustion groups (wildfire, woodstove, and fireplace) be made. Statistical tests for equal variance among these groups indicate that the degree to which molecular emissions vary is compound dependent. Analysis of variance testing shows significant differences in the mean values of certain n-alkane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), oxy-PAH, and sugar marker compounds common to the biomass combustion types. Individual pairwise comparisons of means at the combustion group level confirm this result but suggest that apportioning airborne PM to these sources may require a more comprehensive use of the chemical emissions fingerprints. Hierarchical clustering of source test observations using molecular markers indicates agricultural fuels as distinct from other types of biomass combustion or biomass species. Rough approximations of the total potential PM2.5 emissions outputs from the combustion of the wheat and rice surface residues are given. This agricultural activity could significantly contribute to emissions inventories at regional, national, and global geographic levels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; NR 35 TC 227 Z9 251 U1 14 U2 143 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 36 BP 6747 EP 6764 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.072 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983JA UT WOS:000233226300004 ER PT J AU Cohen, DD Gulson, BL Davis, JM Stelcer, E Garton, D Hawas, O Taylor, A AF Cohen, DD Gulson, BL Davis, JM Stelcer, E Garton, D Hawas, O Taylor, A TI Fine-particle Mn and other metals linked to the introduction of MMT into gasoline in Sydney, Australia: Results of a natural experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mn; Pb; automobiles; air; soil; ion beam methods; sources ID METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; RESPIRABLE MANGANESE; ENRICHMENT FACTORS; UNLEADED GASOLINE; OFFICE WORKERS; IBA TECHNIQUES; HUMAN EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; TAXI DRIVERS AB Using a combination of accelerator-based ion beam methods we have analysed PM2.5 particulates for a suite of 21 species (H, C, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ph) to evaluate the contribution to Sydney (New South Wales, Australia) air associated with the introduction of MMT as a replacement for lead. MMT was discontinued in 2004. Teflon filters representing continuous sampling for a 7 year period from 1998 to 2004 were analysed from two sites: one from Mascot, a suburb close to the Central Business District [CBD (n = 718)] and a high trafficked area, and the other, a relatively rural (background) setting at Richmond, similar to 20 km west of the CBD (n = 730). Manganese concentrations in air at the background site increased from a mean of 1.5-1.6 ng m(-3) to less than 2 ng m-3 at the time of greatest MMT use whereas those at Mascot increased from about 2 to 5 ng m-3. From the maximum values, the Mn showed a steady decrease at both sites concomitant with the decreasing use of MMT. Lead concentrations in air at both sites decreased from 1998 onwards, concomitant with the phase out of leaded gasoline, attained in 2002. Employing previously determined elemental signatures it was possible to adjust effects from season along with auto emissions and soil. A high correlation was obtained for the relationship between Mn in air and lead replacement gasoline use (R-2 0.83) and an improved correlation for Mn/ Al + Si + K and lead replacement gasoline use (R-2 0.93). In addition, using Mn concentrations normalized to background values of Al + Si + K or Ti to account for the lithogenically derived Mn, the proportion of anthropogenic Mn was approximately 70%. The changes for Mn and Pb detected in the particulates are attributed to the before-during-after use of MMT and decreasing use of lead in gasoline. The values measured in Sydney air are well below the reference concentration of 50 ng Mn m(-3). The incremental increases in air, however, are larger than expected given the limited use of MMT only in lead replacement gasoline and high quality monitoring should be undertaken in countries where MMT is used in all gasoline. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. CSIRO Explorat & Min, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Gulson, BL (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM bgulson@gse.mq.edu.au OI Cohen, David/0000-0002-1209-9234 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 36 BP 6885 EP 6896 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983JA UT WOS:000233226300016 ER PT J AU Sen, K AF Sen, K TI Development of a rapid identification method for Aeromonas species by multiplex-PCR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas; multiplex-PCR; identification ID GENUS AEROMONAS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; DRINKING-WATER; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SP-NOV.; SEQUENCES; STRAINS; MEMBERS; GENES AB Existing biochemical methods cannot distinguish among some species of Aeromonads. while genetic methods are labor intensive. In this study, primers were developed to three genes of Aeromonas: lipase, elastase, and DNA gyraseB. In addition, six previously described primer sets, five corresponding to species-specific signature regions of the 16S rRNA gene from A. veronii, A. popoffiii, A. caviae, A. jandaei, and A. schubertii, respectively, and one corresponding to A. hydrophila specific lipase (hydrolipase), were chosen. The primer sets were combined in a series of multiplex-PCR (mPCR) assays against 38 previously characterized strains. Following PCR, each species was distinguished by the production of a unique combination of amplicons. When the assays were tested using 63 drinking water isolates, there was complete agreement in the species identification (ID) for 59 isolates. with ID established by biochemical assays. Sequencing the gyrB and the 16S rRNA gene from the remaining four strains established that the ID obtained by mPCR was correct for three strains. For only one strain, no consensus ID could be obtained. A rapid and reliable method for identification of different Aeromonas species is proposed that does not require restriction enzyme digestions, thus simplifying and speeding up the process. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sen, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Tech Support Ctr, 26W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sen.keya@epa.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 51 IS 11 BP 957 EP 966 DI 10.1139/W05-89 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 999UK UT WOS:000234415800007 PM 16333335 ER PT J AU Kannan, K Reiner, JL Yun, SH Perrotta, EE Tao, L Johnson-Restrepo, B Rodan, BD AF Kannan, K Reiner, JL Yun, SH Perrotta, EE Tao, L Johnson-Restrepo, B Rodan, BD TI Polycyclic musk compounds in higher trophic level aquatic organisms and humans from the United States SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE polycyclic musk; human exposure; HHCB; AHTN; marine mammals ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FRESH-WATER FISH; FRAGRANCE MATERIALS; SYNTHETIC MUSKS; ENVIRONMENT; NITRO; GERMANY; AHTN; HHCB AB Polycyclic musks, 1,3,4,6.7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), are used as fragrance ingredients in numerous consumer products such as cleaning agents and personal care products. Studies have reported the widespread occurrence of these musks in surface waters and fish from western European countries. Nevertheless, little is known about their accumulation in humans and wildlife in the United States. In this study, we measured concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in human adipose fat collected from New York City. Furthermore, tissues from marine mammals, water birds, and fish collected from US waters were analyzed to determine the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in human adipose fat samples ranged from 12 to 798 and from <5 to 134 ng/g, on a lipid weight basis, respectively. A significant correlation existed between the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in human adipose fat. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were not positively correlated with age or gender of the donors. HHCB was found in tissues of several wildlife species, but not in the livers of polar bear from the Alaskan Arctic. Among wildlife species analyzed, spinner and bottlenose dolphins collected from Florida coastal waters contained measurable concentrations of HHCB. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Plaza,POB 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org RI Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011 NR 25 TC 122 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 IS 5 BP 693 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.041 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980EU UT WOS:000232997800012 PM 16219504 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS Dewhurst, IC Fairbrother, A Hart, ADM Hooper, MJ Leopold, A Mineau, P Mortensen, SR Shore, RF Springer, TA AF Bennett, RS Dewhurst, IC Fairbrother, A Hart, ADM Hooper, MJ Leopold, A Mineau, P Mortensen, SR Shore, RF Springer, TA TI A new interpretation of avian and mammalian reproduction toxicity test data in ecological risk assessment SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicity test; birds; mammals; ecological risk assessment; wildlife breeding cycles ID ACUTE SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE; METHYL PARATHION; APODEMUS-SYLVATICUS; WOOD MICE; DEER MICE; FIELD; PESTICIDE; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; DIMETHOATE AB The long-term risks of pesticides to wildlife in the EU currently are assessed by comparing the lowest no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) determined from the suite of endpoints measured in existing avian and mammalian laboratory reproduction tests with estimated exposure concentrations by calculating Toxicity to Exposure Ratios (TERs). Regulatory authorities experience difficulties when assessing long-term risks because Of the lack of accepted methods to improve the ecological realism of exposure and toxicity estimates and Understand risks at a population level. This paper describes an approach for interpreting existing avian and mammalian toxicity test data that divides breeding cycles into several discrete phases and identifies specific test endpoints as indicators of direct pesticide effects possible at each phase. Based oil the distribution of breeding initiation dates for a species of concern and the dates of pesticide applications, this approach compares the phase-specific toxicity endpoint with the expected pesticide exposure levels during each of the breeding phases. The fate of each breeding attempt is determined through a series of decision points. The cumulative reproductive response of individuals ill a breeding population based oil this decision framework provides a means of examining the estimated risks over the course of the breeding season and deriving all overall metric of the impact of the pesticide on reproduction. Research needed to further improve the approach is discussed. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Pesticides Safety Directorate, York, N Yorkshire, England. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Wildlife Int European Off, Warnveld, Netherlands. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Huntingdon, Cambs, England. Wildlife Int, Easton, MD USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bennett.rick@epa.gov RI Shore, Richard/A-2638-2012; OI Shore, Richard/0000-0002-9337-8883; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 801 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s10646-005-0029-1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 995YY UT WOS:000234142800003 PM 16292617 ER PT J AU Shore, RF Crocker, DR Akcakaya, HR Bennett, RS Chapman, PF Clook, M Crane, M Dewhurst, IC Edwards, PJ Fairbrother, A Ferson, S Fischer, D Hart, ADM Holmes, M Hooper, MJ Lavine, M Leopold, A Luttik, R Mineau, P Moore, DRJ Mortenson, SR Noble, DG O'Connor, RJ Roelofs, W Sibly, RM Smith, GC Spendiff, M Springer, TA Thompson, HM Topping, C AF Shore, RF Crocker, DR Akcakaya, HR Bennett, RS Chapman, PF Clook, M Crane, M Dewhurst, IC Edwards, PJ Fairbrother, A Ferson, S Fischer, D Hart, ADM Holmes, M Hooper, MJ Lavine, M Leopold, A Luttik, R Mineau, P Moore, DRJ Mortenson, SR Noble, DG O'Connor, RJ Roelofs, W Sibly, RM Smith, GC Spendiff, M Springer, TA Thompson, HM Topping, C TI Case study part 1: How to calculate appropriate deterministic long-term toxicity to exposure ratios (TERs) for birds and mammals SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; pesticide exposure; no observed effect level; skylark; wood mouse ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; SKYLARKS ALAUDA-ARVENSIS; APODEMUS-SYLVATICUS; SET-ASIDE; FARMLAND; DIET AB In the European Union, first-tier assessment of the long-term risk to birds and mammals from pesticides is based on calculation Of a deterministic long-tern, toxicity/exposure ratio (TERIt). The ratio is developed from generic herbivores and insectivores and applied to all species. This paper describes two case Studies that implement proposed improvements to the way long-term risk is assessed. These refined methods require calculation of a TER for each of five identified phases of reproduction (phase-specific TERs) and use of adjusted No Observed Effect Levels (NOELs) to incorporate variation in species sensitivity to pesticides. They also involve progressive refinement of the exposure estimate so that it applies to particular species, rather than generic indicators, and relates spraying date to onset of reproduction. The effect of using these new methods oil the assessment of risk is described. Each refinement did not necessarily alter the calculated TER value in a way that was either predictable or consistent across both case Studies. However, use of adjusted NOELs always reduced TERs, and relating spraying date to onset of reproduction increased most phase-specific TERs. The case studies Suggested that the Current first-tier TERIt assessment may underestimate risk in some circumstances and that phase-specific assessments can help identify appropriate risk-reduction measures. The way in which deterministic phase-specific assessments can currently be implemented to enhance first-tier assessment is outlined. C1 Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Monks Wood, Cambs, England. Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. Appl Biomath, Setauket, NY USA. US EPA, NHEERL, MED, Duluth, MN USA. Jealotts Hill Int Res Stn, Bracknell, Berks, England. Pesticides Safety Directorate, York, N Yorkshire, England. Crane Consultants, Faringdon, Oxon, England. US EPA, NHEERL, WED, Corvallis, OR USA. Bayer Corp, Res & Dev, Stilwell, KS USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Wildlife Int, NL-7231 CL Warnveld, Netherlands. RIVM, CSR, Utrecht, Netherlands. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Ecol Risk Assessment Grp, Cadmus Grp, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC USA. British Trust Ornithol, Thetford, England. Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. Hlth & Safety Lab, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Wildlife Int, Easton, MD USA. EcoSol, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. RP Shore, RF (reprint author), Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Monks Wood, Cambs, England. EM rfs@ceh.ac.uk RI Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Thompson, Helen/H-7753-2013; Smith, Graham/J-2593-2013; Shore, Richard/A-2638-2012; Topping, Christopher/A-9167-2009; OI Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Thompson, Helen/0000-0001-5137-5214; Smith, Graham/0000-0002-9897-6794; Shore, Richard/0000-0002-9337-8883; Topping, Christopher/0000-0003-0874-7603; Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 877 EP 893 DI 10.1007/s10646-005-0034-4 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 995YY UT WOS:000234142800008 PM 16328715 ER PT J AU Roelofs, W Crocker, DR Shore, RF Moore, DRJ Smith, GC Akcakaya, HR Bennett, RS Chapman, PF Clook, M Crane, M Dewhurst, IC Edwards, PJ Fairbrother, A Ferson, S Fischer, D Hart, ADM Holmes, M Hooper, MJ Lavine, M Leopold, A Luttik, R Mineau, P Mortenson, SR Noble, DG O'Connor, RJ Sibly, RM Spendiff, M Springer, TA Thompson, HM Topping, C AF Roelofs, W Crocker, DR Shore, RF Moore, DRJ Smith, GC Akcakaya, HR Bennett, RS Chapman, PF Clook, M Crane, M Dewhurst, IC Edwards, PJ Fairbrother, A Ferson, S Fischer, D Hart, ADM Holmes, M Hooper, MJ Lavine, M Leopold, A Luttik, R Mineau, P Mortenson, SR Noble, DG O'Connor, RJ Sibly, RM Spendiff, M Springer, TA Thompson, HM Topping, C TI Case study part 2: Probabitistic modelling of long-term effects of pesticides on individual breeding success in birds and mammals SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE probabilistic risk assessment; populations; skylark; wood mouse ID APODEMUS-SYLVATICUS; ALAUDA-ARVENSIS; WOOD MICE; SKYLARKS; FARMLAND; FOOD; HABITATS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; DIET AB Long term exposure of skylarks to a fictitious insecticide and of wood mice to a fictitious fungicide were modelled probabilistically in a Monte Carlo simulation. Within the same simulation the consequence,; or exposure to pesticides on reproductive success were modelled using the toxicity-exposure-linking rules developed by R.S. Bennet et al. (2005) and the interspecies extrapolation factors suggested by R. Luttik et al. (2005). We built models to reflect a range of scenarios and as a result were able to show how exposure to pesticide might alter the number of individuals engaged in any given phase of the breeding cycle at any given time and predict the numbers of new adults at the season's end. C1 Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Monks Wood, Cambs, England. Ecol Risk Assessment Grp, Cadmus Grp, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Appl Biomath, Setauket, NY USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. Jealotts Hill Int Res Stn, Bracknell, Berks, England. Pesticides Safety Directorate, York, N Yorkshire, England. Crane Consultants, Faringdon, Oxon, England. US EPA, NHEERL, WED, Corvallis, OR USA. Bayer Corp, Res & Dev, Stilwell, KS USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Wildlife Int, NL-7231 CL Warnveld, Netherlands. RIVM, CSR, Utrecht, Netherlands. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC USA. British Trust Ornithol, Thetford, England. Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. Hlth & Safety Lab, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Wildlife Int, Easton, MD USA. EcoSol, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. RP Crocker, DR (reprint author), Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. EM j.crocker@csl.gov.uk RI Topping, Christopher/A-9167-2009; Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Shore, Richard/A-2638-2012; Thompson, Helen/H-7753-2013; Smith, Graham/J-2593-2013 OI Topping, Christopher/0000-0003-0874-7603; Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Shore, Richard/0000-0002-9337-8883; Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961; Thompson, Helen/0000-0001-5137-5214; Smith, Graham/0000-0002-9897-6794 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 895 EP 923 DI 10.1007/s10646-005-0035-3 PG 29 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 995YY UT WOS:000234142800009 PM 16328714 ER PT J AU Fernandez, LE Brown, DG Marans, RW Nassauer, JI AF Fernandez, LE Brown, DG Marans, RW Nassauer, JI TI Characterizing location preferences in an exurban population: implications for agent-based modeling SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; SIMULATION; DEMAND; CITY AB Powerful computational tools are becoming available to represent the behavior of complex systems. Agent-based modeling, in particular, facilitates an examination of the system-level outcomes of the heterogeneous actions of a set of heterogeneous agents: for example, patterns of land-use and land-cover change, such as urban sprawl as a result of residential location decisions. These new tools create new demands for data, and empirical studies of the selection behavior of residents. Using resident responses from the 2001 Detroit Area Study survey, we compared two alternative approaches to characterizing the heterogeneous preferences of agents; both based on a factor analysis of resident responses to questions about their reasons for moving to their current location. We used cluster analysis to identify how many and what types of residents there are, grouped by similar preferences. We also evaluated the relationships between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and location preferences using regression trees, and evaluated the fit of the relationship to determine the degree to which socioeconomic characteristics predict preferences. The results showed that the preferences of resident exurbans of single-family homes in the Detroit metropolitan area were heterogeneous and that distinct preference groups do exist in resident populations, but are not well characterized on the basis of simple socioeconomic and demographic variables. We conclude that, given the heterogeneous nature of preferences and a relatively limited number of preference groupings observed in the survey respondents, agent-based models simulating resident behavior should reflect this diversity in the population and incorporate distinct agent classes of empirically derived preference distributions. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Study Complex Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Fernandez, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Int Affairs, 1200 Penn Ave,Mail Code 2650R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM fernandez.luis@epa.gov; danbrown@umich.edu; marans@umich.edu; nassauer@umich.edu RI Fernandez, Luis/E-1162-2011; Brown, Daniel/L-8089-2013 OI Brown, Daniel/0000-0001-6023-5950 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0265-8135 J9 ENVIRON PLANN B JI Environ. Plan. B-Plan. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 799 EP 820 DI 10.1068/b3071 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 996ZV UT WOS:000234215700002 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, MS TI Assessing aquatic ecotoxicological risks associated with fluorescent dyes used for water-tracing studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogeology; dye tracing; ecotoxicological risks; expected environmental concentrations; solute transport ID SAMPLE-COLLECTION FREQUENCY; TRACER-MASS ESTIMATION; TEST DESIGN AB Hydrological tracer testing is the most reliable diagnostic technique available for identifying and quantifying hydrodispersive transport processes. As such, hydrologic tracing is an essential tool that is commonly used to establish flow trajectories, to understand solute-transport processes, and to develop human health and ecological risk assessments. Unfortunately, the use of anthropogenic materials to trace the flow of water may also impart another source of risk to human health and the environment. In general, attempts are usually made to deliberately release tracer agents at concentrations far below their recognized toxic levels. Ecotoxicologically safe levels for injection concentrations of fluorescent tracer agents are generally set at levels far below that which are necessary to maintain measurable downstream concentrations. Appropriate tracer test design is important, because incorrect tracer-mass estimates may result in the release of larger tracer masses than are necessary and that exceed expected environmental concentrations (EECs). To maintain tracer concentrations at or below accepted levels, optimal tracer-test design is essential and may be achieved using the Efficient Hydrologic Tracer-Test Design methodology. By applying an optimal tracer-test design, it is more likely that downstream tracer EECs will be maintained at or below accepted concentrations while maintaining sufficiently high downstream EECs necessary for positive tracer detection. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.2113/11.4.295 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 990CR UT WOS:000233721300003 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM Craft, ES Hedge, JM Gennings, C Simmons, JE Carchman, RA Carter, WH DeVito, MJ AF Crofton, KM Craft, ES Hedge, JM Gennings, C Simmons, JE Carchman, RA Carter, WH DeVito, MJ TI Thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals: Evidence for dose-dependent additivity or synergism SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE additivity; cumulative risk; polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons; synergism; thyroid hormone disruptors ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PCB CONGENERS; RATS; MIXTURES; EXPOSURE; GLUCURONIDATION AB Endocrine disruption from environmental contaminants has been linked to a broad spectrum of adverse outcomes. One concern about endocrine-disrupting xenobiotics is the potential for additive or synergistic (i.e., greater-than-additive) effects of mixtures. A short-term dosing model to examine the effects of environmental mixtures on thyroid homeostasis has been developed. Prototypic thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and poly-brominated diphenyl ethers have been shown to alter thyroid hormone homeostasis in this model primarily by up-regulating hepatic catabolism of thyroid hormones via at least two mechanisms. Our present effort tested the hypothesis that a mixture of TDCs will affect serum total thyroxine (T-4) concentrations in a dose-additive manner. Young female Long-Evans rats were dosed via gavage with 18 different polyyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons [2 dioxins, 4 dibenzofurans, and 12 PCBs, including dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCBs] for 4 consecutive days. Serum total T4 was measured via radioimmunoassay in samples collected 24 hr after the last dose. Extensive dose-response functions (based on seven to nine doses per chemical) were determined for individual chemicals. A mixture was custom synthesized with the ratio of chemicals based on environmental concentrations. Serial dilutions of this mixture ranged from approximately background levels to 100-fold greater than background human daily intakes. Six serial dilutions of the mixture were tested in the same 4-day assay. Doses of individual chemicals that were associated with a 30% TH decrease from control (ED30), as well as predicted mixture outcomes were calculated using a flexible single-chemical-required method applicable to chemicals with differing dose thresholds and maximum-effect asymptotes. The single-chemical data were modeled without and with the mixture data to determine, respectively, the expected mixture response (the additivity model) and the experimentally observed mixture response (the empirical model). A likelihood-ratio test revealed statistically significant departure from dose additivity. There was no deviation from additivity at the lowest doses of the mixture, but there was a greater-than-additive effect at the three highest mixtures doses. At high doses the additivity model underpredicted the empirical effects by 2- to 3-fold. These are the first results to suggest dose-dependent additivity and Synergism in TDCs that may act via different mechanisms in a complex mixture. The results imply that cumulative risk approaches be considered when assessing the risk of exposure to chemical mixtures that contain TDCs. C1 US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Exptl Toxicol Div, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-15-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 59 TC 103 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1549 EP 1554 DI 10.1289/ehp.8195 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700037 PM 16263510 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD McGee, JK Walsh, L Gilmour, PS Highfill, JW Davies, D Pinkerton, KE Richards, JH Crissman, K Andrews, D Costa, DL AF Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD McGee, JK Walsh, L Gilmour, PS Highfill, JW Davies, D Pinkerton, KE Richards, JH Crissman, K Andrews, D Costa, DL TI Consistent pulmonary and systemic responses from inhalation of fine concentrated ambient particles: Roles of rat strains used and physicochemical properties SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE concentrated ambient particles; fibrinogen; gamma-glutamyltransferase; hypertensive rats; lung inflammation; macrophages; neutrophils; Wistar Kyoto rats ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR PARTICLES; SOLUBLE METALS; INFLAMMATION; MODEL; EXPOSURE; HEALTHY; ATMOSPHERE; BRONCHITIS; AEROSOLS AB Several studies have reported health effects of concentrated ambient particles (CALP) in rodents and humans; however, toxicity end points in rodents have provided inconsistent results. In 2000 we conducted six 1-day exposure studies where spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were exposed to filtered air or CAPs (<= 2.5 mu m, 1,138-1,765 mu g/m(3)) for 4 hr (analyzed 1-3 hr afterward). In seven 2-day exposure studies in 2001, SH and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air or CAP (<= 2.5 mu m, 144-2,758 mu g/m(3)) for 4 hr/day x 2 days (analyzed I day afterward). Despite consistent and high CAP concentrations in the 1-day exposure studies, no biologic effects were noted. The exposure concentrations varied among the seven 2-day exposure studies. Except in the first study when CAP concentration was highest, lavageable total cells and macrophages decreased and neutrophils increased in WKY rats. SH rats demonstrated a consistent increase of lavage fluid gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity and plasma fibrinogen. Inspiratory and expiratory times increased in SH but not in WKY rats. Significant correlations were found between CAP mass (microgram per cubic meter) and sulfate, organic carbon, or zinc. No biologic effects correlated with CAP mass. Despite low chamber mass in the last six of seven 2-day exposure studies, the levels of zinc, copper, and aluminum were enriched severalfold, and organic carbon was increased to some extent when expressed per milligram of CAP. Biologic effects were evident in those six studies. These studies demonstrate a pattern of rat strain-specific pulmonary and systemic effects that are not linked to high mass but appear to be dependent on CAP chemical composition. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Exptl Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Exptl Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1561 EP 1568 DI 10.1289/ehp.7868 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700039 PM 16263512 ER PT J AU Reinlib, L AF Reinlib, L TI Meeting report: Structural determination of environmentally responsive proteins SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Environmental Genome Project; gene-environment interactions; protein structure; structural biology ID DATABASE; DESIGN; GENOME; SNP AB The three-dimensional structure of gene products continues to be a missing lynchpin between linear genome sequences and our understanding of the normal and abnormal function of proteins and pathways. Enhanced activity in this area is likely to lead to better understanding of how discrete changes in molecular patterns and conformation underlie functional changes in protein complexes and, with it, sensitivity of an individual to an exposure. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences convened a workshop of experts in structural determination and environmental health to solicit advice for future research in structural resolution relative to environmentally responsive proteins and pathways. The highest priorities recommended by the workshop were to support studies of structure, analysis, control, and design of conformational and functional states at molecular resolution for environmentally responsive molecules and complexes; promote understanding of dynamics, kinetics, and ligand responses; investigate the mechanisms and steps in posttranslational modifications, protein partnering, impact of genetic polymorphisms on structure/function, and ligand interactions; and encourage integrated experimental and computational approaches. The workshop participants also saw value in improving the throughput and purity of protein samples and macromolecular assemblies; developing optimal processes for design, production, and assembly of macromolecular complexes; encouraging studies on protein-protein and macromolecular interactions; and examining assemblies of individual proteins and their functions in pathways of interest for environmental health. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Susceptibil & Populat Hlth Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, US Dept HHS,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Reinlib, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Susceptibil & Populat Hlth Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, US Dept HHS,NIH, Room 3453,79 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM reinlib@niehs.nih.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1622 EP 1626 DI 10.1289/ehp.8129 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700048 PM 16263521 ER PT J AU Barth, EF Succop, PA Evans, ML AF Barth, EF Succop, PA Evans, ML TI Evaluation of lead availability in amended soils monitored over a long-term time period SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; leaching; lead; soil ID STABILIZATION AB Two different soil amendment processes were evaluated for reducing lead availability from a contaminated soil at a demonstration study site, to reduce potential public health and environmental concerns. A limited variety of in vitro laboratory "availability" tests (relative bioaccessible and environmental mobility) were performed to determine if the available lead in the contaminated soil would be less available after in situ soil amendment (chemical treatment). The relative bioaccessibility results were evaluated in both a short-term period (within 24 h after treatment) and over a long-term time period (quarterly basis for 5 years). Reduction in relative bioaccessibility was noted for one of the treatments immediately after treatment; however, both treatments indicated a significant upward trend in bioaccessibility values over a 5-year time period after treatment. The comparison between the treated units and the control units indicated that the long-term effectiveness of the treatment processes could not be demonstrated. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Tetra Tech Environm Management Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Barth, EF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Barth.Ed@epamail.epa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-7696-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987PE UT WOS:000233529000016 PM 16308791 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Allen, R Olsson, AO Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Montesano, A Nguyen, J Udunka, S Walden, D Walker, RD Weerasekera, G Whitehead, RD Schober, SE Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Allen, R Olsson, AO Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Montesano, A Nguyen, J Udunka, S Walden, D Walker, RD Weerasekera, G Whitehead, RD Schober, SE Needham, LL TI Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; urine; biological monitoring; reference range; organophosphorus pesticide ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; GENERAL-POPULATION; METHYL PARATHION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS AB We report population-based concentrations (stratified by age, sex, and composite race/ethnicity variables) of selective metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCPY), chlorpyrifos methyl (TCPY), malathion (malathion dicarboxylic acid; MDA), diazinon (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; IMPY), methyl parathion (para-nitrophenol; PNP), and parathion (PNP). We measured the concentrations of TCPY, MDA, IMPY, and PNP in 1997 urine samples from participants, aged 6-59 years, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. We detected TCPY in more than 96% of the samples tested. Other organophosphorus pesticide metabolites were detected less frequently: MDA, 52%; IMPY, 29%; and PNP, 22%. The geometric means for TCPY were 1.77 mu g/L and 1.58 mu g/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for TCPY were 9.9 mu g/L and 8.42 mu/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for MDA were 1.6 mu g/L and 1.8 mu g/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for IMPY and PNP were 3.7 mu g/L (3.4 mu g/g creatinine) and 5.mu g/L (4.2 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that children aged 6-11 years had significantly higher concentrations of TCPY than adults and adolescents. Similarly, adolescents had significantly higher TCPY concentrations than adults. Although the concentrations between sexes and among composite racial/ethnic groups varied, no significant differences were observed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. Elect Data Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 69 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 BP 314 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993MA UT WOS:000233957000004 PM 16307973 ER PT J AU Chen, AM Zhang, J Zhou, LF Gao, ES Chen, L Rogan, WJ Wolff, MS AF Chen, AM Zhang, J Zhou, LF Gao, ES Chen, L Rogan, WJ Wolff, MS TI DDT serum concentration and menstruation among young Chinese women SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DDT; DDE; menstruation; endocrine disruptor; reproduction ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CYCLE LENGTH; BLOOD-LEVELS; MILK; LACTATION; EXPOSURE; ORGANOCHLORINES; HYDROCARBONS; PESTICIDES AB High DDE and DDT concentrations were found to be associated with shortened menstrual cycle length in Laotian immigrants to the United States. We examined this issue in a sample of young Chinese women. A total of 60 women aged 20-24 years were enrolled in three maternal and child health clinics (20 from urban, 20 from suburban, 20 from rural) in Shanghai, China, and vicinity, in 1998. Of these women, 47 who did not use hormonal contraceptives and had valid menstrual cycle characteristics were included in the analysis for associations among serum DDE and DDT concentration and menstrual cycle length, duration of menses, and heaviness of menstrual flow. In univariate analysis, higher p,p'-DDE concentration was associated with longer menstrual cycle length (0.66 day per 10pg/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21, 1.11 day). With adjustment for age, body mass index, education, occupation, and resident location, the estimate was 0.42 day (95% CI: -0.35, 1.19 day). p,p'-DDE was not associated with duration of menses or heaviness of menstrual flow. Neither p,p'-DDT nor o,p'-DDT were associated with menstrual cycle length, duration of menses or heaviness of menstrual flow. The study largely suggests no association between DDE and DDT concentrations and menstrual cycle characteristics in young Chinese women, though the weak-to-no correlation of DDE with menstrual cycle length merits further study. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Shanghai Inst Planned Parenthood Res, Dept Reprod Epidemiol & Social Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zhangj@mail.nih.gov RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.12.015 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993MA UT WOS:000233957000013 PM 16307982 ER PT J AU Donnelly, KC Huebner, HJ Claxton, LD Calvin, JA Vos, GA Cizmas, L He, LY AF Donnelly, KC Huebner, HJ Claxton, LD Calvin, JA Vos, GA Cizmas, L He, LY TI Biodegradation of simple chemical mixtures in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; biodegradation; benzo[a]pyrene; pentachlorophenol; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WOOD-PRESERVING WASTE; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; CONTAMINATED SOIL; DIHYDRODIOL DEHYDROGENASE; MUTAGENICITY TEST; DEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION; SALMONELLA; DETOXIFICATION AB Exogenous microorganisms often are used to enhance bioremediation. This study compared the capabilities of two exogenous microbial cultures and an indigenous population to detoxify a Weswood silt loam soil amended with a simple chemical mixture. The first three treatments were unamended soils inoculated with either indigenous microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. or Phanerochaete sordida. Three additional treatments consisted of soil amended with benzo[a]pyrene, pentachlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which were inoculated with either indigenous microorganisms, P. aeruginosa, or P. sordida. Samples were collected from the soils at several time points from 0 through 540 or 720 d, sequentially extracted with methylene chloride and methanol, and analyzed for genotoxicity (using the Salmonella/microsome assay) and chemical degradation. Although the indigenous microorganisms were effective for removal of benzo[a]pyrene, the Pseudomonas bacteria exhibited slightly greater removal rates for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. The fungal cultures were significantly more effective at degrading pentachlorophenol. The day 540 extracts from all model chemical-amended treatments were genotoxic. In most cases, the day 540 extracts were more genotoxic than the day 0 extracts. The results suggest that, under appropriate conditions, enriched cultures of microorganisms may cave an increased capacity to degrade individual chemicals. However, the products of degradation in some cases might be more genotoxic than the parent compounds. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Donnelly, KC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, 4458 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kdonnelly@cvm.tamu.edu OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES04917] NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2839 EP 2845 DI 10.1897/04-630R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800018 PM 16398121 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Hayward, JMR Jones, JR Jones, SB Ireland, DS AF Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Hayward, JMR Jones, JR Jones, SB Ireland, DS TI A field assessment of long-term laboratory sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment toxicology; Hyalella azteca; benthic community; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; METAL-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; MIDGE CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; QUALITY TRIAD APPROACH; GRAND-CALUMET RIVER; INDIANA HARBOR AREA; CLARK-FORK RIVER; LIFE-CYCLE TEST; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AB Response of the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to contaminated sediments for 10 to 42 d in laboratory toxicity tests was compared to responses observed in controlled three-month invertebrate colonization exposures conducted in a pond. Sediments evaluated included a sediment spiked with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) or dilutions of afield sediment collected from the Grand Calumet River (GCR) in Indiana (USA) (contaminated with organic compounds and metals). Consistent effects were observed at the highest exposure concentrations (400 mu g DDD/goc [DDD concentrations normalized to grams of organic carbon (goc) in sediment] or 4% GCR sediment) on survival, length, and reproduction of amphipods in the laboratory and on abundance of invertebrates colonizing sediments in the field. Effect concentrations for DDD observed for 10-d length and 42-d. reproduction of amphipods (e.g., chronic value [ChV] of 66 mu g DDD/goc and 25% inhibition concentration [IC25] of 68 mu g DDD/goc for reproduction) were similar to the lowest effect concentrations for DDD measured on invertebrates colonizing sediment the field. Effect concentrations for GCR sediment on 28-d survival and length and 42-d reproduction and length of amphipods (i.e., ChVs of 0.20-0.66% GCR sediment) provided more conservative effect concentrations compared to 10-d survival or length of amphipods in the laboratory or the response of invertebrates colonizing sediment in the field (e.g., ChVs of 2.2% GCR sediment). Results of this study indicate that use of chronic laboratory toxicity tests with H. azteca and benthic colonization studies should be used to provide conservative estimates of impacts on benthic communities exposed to contaminated sediments. Bioaccumulation of DDD by oligochaetes colonizing the DDD-spiked sediment was similar to results of laboratory sediment tests previously conducted with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegates, confirming that laboratory exposures can be used to estimate bioaccumulation by oligochaetes exposed in the field. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. AScI Corp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2853 EP 2870 DI 10.1897/04-393R.1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800020 PM 16398123 ER PT J AU Denny, JS Tapper, MA Schmieder, PK Hornung, MW Jensen, KM Ankley, GT Henry, TR AF Denny, JS Tapper, MA Schmieder, PK Hornung, MW Jensen, KM Ankley, GT Henry, TR TI Comparison of relative binding affinities of endocrine active compounds to fathead minnow and rainbow trout estrogen receptors SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fathead minnow; rainbow trout; estrogen receptor; relative binding affinity ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; SCREENING ASSAY; ANDROGEN 17-ALPHA-METHYLTESTOSTERONE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; VITELLOGENIN; FISH; XENOBIOTICS AB Twelve chemicals were tested for binding affinity to rainbow trout liver estrogen receptor (rbtER) and fathead minnow liver ER (fhmER). The chemicals included estradiol (E2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), ethinylestradiol (EE2), estrone (E1), estriol, tamoxifen (TAM), genistein (GEN), p-nonylphenol (PNP), p-tert-octylphenol (PTOP), methoxychlor (MXC), testosterone, and methyltestosterone (MT). Relative binding affinity (RBA) was calculated for each chemical as a function of E2 binding to the receptor. The estrogens DES, EE2, and E1 bound with high affinity to both receptors, with respective RBAs of 583, 166, and 28% (fathead minnow) and 179, 89, and 5% (rainbow trout). Relative binding affinity of E3, TAM, and GEN for both fhmER and rbtER were moderate, with values between 0.3 and 5%. The alkylphenols had weak affinity for the ERs with RBAs for the fhmER of 0.1 and 0.01 for PNP and PTOP, respectively. Corresponding values for the rbtER are 0.027 and 0.009. Estradiol ([(3)H]E2) only partially was displaced from both the fhmER and the rbtER by MXC, T, and MT. Comparison of RBAs of the chemicals tested for fhmER and rbtER indicates that the rank order of RBAs essentially are the same for both species. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Henry, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM henry.tala@epa.gov NR 44 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2948 EP 2953 DI 10.1897/04-595R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800030 PM 16398133 ER PT J AU Houle, CD Peddada, SD McAllister, KA Ward, T Malphurs, J Gersch, WD Davis, BJ AF Houle, CD Peddada, SD McAllister, KA Ward, T Malphurs, J Gersch, WD Davis, BJ TI Mutant Brca2/p53 mice exhibit altered radiation responses in the developing mammary gland SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brca2; p53; apoptosis; proliferation; radiation ID BREAST-CANCER; IONIZING-RADIATION; IN-VIVO; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; CELL-CYCLE; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; TP53 MUTATIONS; MOUSE MODEL; DNA-BINDING AB Appropriate balance between proliferation and apoptosis is critical for mammary gland development and is often altered during tumorigenesis. Carcinogens like radiation induce DNA damage and activate protective responses such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We used mice carrying Brea2(-/-) and/or p53(-/-) mutations to evaluate the individual and combined effects of these genes on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the developing mammary gland. Mice were exposed to 5 Gy of radiation or chamber exposure (controls) followed by injection with BrdU. Mammary glands were collected 6 h post-radiation exposure and evaluated for proliferation (BrdU) and apoptosis (TUNEL) in terminal end buds (TEB) and ducts. Under control conditions, the Brca2 mutation reduced proliferation and apoptosis in TEB but not ducts, whereas the p53 mutation reduced apoptosis in TEB and ducts but did not influence proliferation. Despite these alterations in proliferation and/or apoptosis, neither mutation, either individually or combined, significantly altered the overall balance between the two as measured by the proliferation to apoptosis ratio (growth index). Following irradiation, the Brca2 mutation had no significant effect on proliferation or apoptosis, whereas the p53 mutation resulted in reduced apoptosis in TEB and ducts but did not significantly influence proliferation. Neither mutation by itself altered the growth index in the TEB after irradiation although combined Brca2/p53 mutation caused significantly increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and an elevated growth index in TEB and ducts. These results reveal both independent and collaborative growth regulatory roles for Brca2 and p53 under normal and adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of gene-environment interactions by showing that Brca2- and p53-deficient mice can compensate for their genetic deficiencies under control conditions but not after exposure to radiation. We also demonstrate distinct spatial differences in the cellular functions of Brca2 and p53 and show that combined mutation of both genes is more detrimental than loss of either gene alone. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Womens Hlth, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Houle, CD (reprint author), Expt Pathol Labs Inc, POB 12766, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM choule@epl-inc.com RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 57 IS 2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2005.06.001 PG 11 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 989JB UT WOS:000233667600003 PM 16325521 ER PT J AU Solecki, R Davies, L Dellarco, V Dewhurst, I van Raaij, M Tritscher, A AF Solecki, R Davies, L Dellarco, V Dewhurst, I van Raaij, M Tritscher, A TI Guidance on setting of acute reference dose (ARfD) for pesticides SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE acute reference dose; acute toxicity; agricultural pesticides; food contaminants; food safety; risk assessment ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; HUMAN VARIABILITY; TOXICITY; RAT; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; EXCRETION; MODEL AB This paper summarises and extends the work developed over the last decade by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) for acute health risk assessment of agricultural pesticides. The general considerations in setting of acute reference doses (ARfDs) in a step-wise process, as well as specific considerations and guidance regarding selected toxicological endpoints are described in detail. The endpoints selected are based on the practical experience with agricultural pesticides by the JMPR and are not a comprehensive listing of all possible relevant endpoints. Haematotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, liver and kidney toxicity, endocrine effects as well as developmental effects are taken into account as acute toxic alerts, relevant for the consideration of ARfDs for pesticides. The general biological background and the data available through standard toxicological testing for regulatory purposes, interpretation of the data, conclusions and recommendations for future improvements are described for each relevant endpoint. The paper also considers a single dose study protocol. This type of study is not intended to be included in routine toxicological testing for regulatory purposes, but rather to guide further testing when the current database indicates the necessity for an ARfD but does not allow a reliable derivation of the value. (c) 2005 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Pesticides & Biocides Div, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Australian Govt Dept Hlth & Aging, Off Chem Safety, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Pesticides Safety Directorate, York YO1 7PX, N Yorkshire, England. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Tritscher, A (reprint author), WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM tritschera@who.int NR 51 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1569 EP 1593 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.04.005 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 971ML UT WOS:000232388300001 PM 16040182 ER PT J AU Wolbarst, AB Biwer, BM Cady, R Chen, SY Domotor, S Egidi, P LePoire, DJ Mo, T Peterson, J Walker, S AF Wolbarst, AB Biwer, BM Cady, R Chen, SY Domotor, S Egidi, P LePoire, DJ Mo, T Peterson, J Walker, S TI ISCORS catalog of references to parameter values and distributions used in environmental pathway modeling for cleanup of sites contaminated with radioactivity SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; peer review; safety standards; computers AB Sites Contaminated with Radioactivity is a web-based, indexed compilation of references, compendia, databases, and other sources of peer-reviewed information on parameters. It does not itself contain numerical point values or distributions for any particular parameter, but rather it provides links or directions to sites or other published materials where such information can be obtained. Designed to be user-friendly, easily searchable, and readily up-dateable, the Catalog is being filled, after some initial priming, mainly through on-line submissions of proposed references by the Catalog users themselves. The relevant information on a proposed reference is submitted to ISCORS in a simple, standardized formal; it is vetted (with acceptance criteria such as publication in a peer-reviewed technical journal, or appearance in a formally-issued federal agency report) and then added semi-automatically to the Catalog. Built around a relational database, the system offers subject- and text-search capabilities, provides information on parameter definitions and methods of measurement, on transport/exposure pathways, and on standard models and codes. The Catalog is intended for use by (and being populated by) the professionals, managers, and others involved or interested in the application of pathway modeling to estimate doses and risks associated with sites contaminated with radioactive or other hazardous materials. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20402 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. RP Wolbarst, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 SU S BP S91 EP S99 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000177683.93443.f4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 974PL UT WOS:000232603800009 PM 16224267 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Wharton, SR AF Barron, Mace G. Wharton, Steven R. TI Survey of Methodologies for Developing Media Screening Values for Ecological Risk Assessment SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Ecological screening value; Ecological risk assessment; Surfacewater; Sediment; Soil AB This review evaluates the methodologies of 13 screening value (SV) compilations that have been commonly used in ecological risk assessment (ERA), including compilations from state and U.S. federal agencies, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Canada, The Netherlands, and Australia. The majority of surfacewater SVs were primarily derived for the protection of aquatic organisms using 2 approaches: (1) a statistical assessment of toxicity values by species groupings, such as "ambient water quality criteria,'' or (2) extrapolation of a lowest observed adverse effect level determined from limited toxicity data using an uncertainty factor. Sediment SVs were primarily derived for the protection of benthic invertebrates using 2 approaches: (1) statistical interpretations of databases on the incidence of biological effects and chemical concentrations in sediment, or (2) values derived from equilibrium partitioning based on a surfacewater SV. Soil SVs were derived using a diversity of approaches and were usually based on the lowest value determined from soil toxicity to terrestrial plants or invertebrates and, less frequently, from modeled, incidental soil ingestion or chemical accumulation in terrestrial organisms. The various SV compilations and methodologies had varying levels of conservatism and were not consistent in the pathways and receptors considered in the SV derivation. Many SVs were derived from other compilations and were based on outdated values, or they relied on only older toxicity data. Risk assessors involved in ERA should carefully evaluate the technical basis of SVs and consider the uncertainty in any value used to determine the presence or absence of risk and the need for further assessment. C1 [Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Wharton, Steven R.] US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO 80220 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 320 EP 332 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630010402 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WS UT WOS:000209712100003 PM 16639899 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Norton, SB Fairbrother, A AF Suter, Glenn W., II Norton, Susan B. Fairbrother, Anne TI Individuals versus Organisms versus Populations in the Definition of Ecological Assessment Endpoints SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Assessment endpoint; Population; Community; Organism; Level of organization AB Discussions and applications of the policies and practices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in ecological risk assessment will benefit from continued clarification of the concepts of assessment endpoints and of levels of biological organization. First, assessment endpoint entities and attributes can be defined at different levels of organization. Hence, an organism-level attribute, such as growth or survival, can be applied collectively to a population-level entity such as the brook trout in a stream. Second, assessment endpoints for ecological risk assessment are often mistakenly described as "individual level,'' which leads to the idea that such assessments are intended to protect individuals. Finally, populations play a more important role in risk assessments than is generally recognized. Organism-level attributes are used primarily for population-level assessments. In addition, the USEPA and other agencies already are basing management decisions on population or community entities and attributes such as production of fisheries, abundance of migratory bird populations, and aquatic community composition. C1 [Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MC A130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MC A130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov NR 9 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630010409 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WS UT WOS:000209712100010 PM 16639906 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Schock, MR AF Edwards, M Schock, MR TI Correct interpretation of NSF/ANSI Standard 61 debated - Response SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID BY-PRODUCT RELEASE; NICKEL C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Edwards, Marc/J-3557-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 BP 10 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 984HW UT WOS:000233294800004 ER PT J AU Schock, MR Lytle, DA Sandvig, AM Clement, J Harmon, SM AF Schock, MR Lytle, DA Sandvig, AM Clement, J Harmon, SM TI Replacing polyphosphate with silicate to solve lead, copper, and source water iron problems SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORROSION CONTROL; SODIUM-SILICATE; DEPOSITION; MANGANESE AB In 1990, the town of Hopkinton, Mass., instituted a polyphosphate sequestrant feed in two of its five wells to address colored water complaints caused by source water iron and manganese. Failure to meet the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) action levels and continuing intermittent red water problems prompted the water utility to seek an alternative treatment strategy. After analyses of the water quality of the different wells, the scales on some lead service lines, the operational patterns, the location of lead service lines, and the distribution system configuration, a combination of sodium silicate (with chlorination) and sodium hydroxide addition at different wells was investigated. At study monitoring sites, an initial silicate dose of 25-30 mg/L elevated the pH from 6.3 to 7.1 and immediately resulted in a 55% reduction in lead levels and an 87% reduction in copper levels. An increase to a silicate dose of 45-55 mg/L elevated the pH to 7.5 and produced greater reductions in lead and copper. The treatment change reduced 90th percentile lead and copper levels by at least 95%, enabling compliance with the LCR. The aesthetic quality of the drinking water after treatment was equal or superior to the quality before treatment. The study showed that for many small and medium water systems with multiple wells and entry points, simultaneous overall corrosion control and sequestration of iron and manganese is possible, and it avoids the adverse drinking water/wastewater consequences associated with polyphosphate addition. C1 US EPA, WSWRD, NRMRL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schock, MR (reprint author), US EPA, WSWRD, NRMRL, Off Res & Dev, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schock.michael@epa.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 BP 84 EP 93 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 984HW UT WOS:000233294800022 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Schock, MR AF Lytle, DA Schock, MR TI Formation of Pb(IV) oxides a in chlorinated water SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERY; POSITIVE ELECTRODE; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; CORROSION; SOLUBILITY; REDUCTION; CARBONATE; PH AB Recent research has shown that Pb(IV) oxides play a significant geochemical role in drinking water distribution systems. However, most of the guidance for lead control in drinking water is based on the presumption that Pb(II) solids control lead solubility. Therefore, a better understanding of the chemistry of Pb(IV) in water is needed. Long-term lead precipitation experiments were conducted in chlorinated water (1-3 mg/L Cl-2) at pH 6.5, 8, and 10, with and without sulfate. Results showed that two Pb(IV) dioxide polymorphs - plattnerite (beta-PbO2) and scrutinyite (alpha-PbO2) - formed overtime, as long as a high suspension redox potential was maintained with free chlorine. Neither mineral formed spontaneously, and the rate of formation increased with increasing pH. Hydrocerrusite and/or cerrusite initially precipitated out and overtime either disappeared or coexisted with PbO2. Water pH dictated mineralogical presence. High pH favored hydrocerrusite and scrutinyite; low pH favored cerrusite and plattnerite. Along with a transformation of Pb(II) to Pb(IV) came a change in particle color from white to a dark shade of red to dark grey (differing with pH) and a decrease in lead solubility. If free chlorine was permitted to dissipate, the aging processes (i.e., mineralogy, color, and solubility) were reversible. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 45 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 30 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 BP 102 EP 114 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 984HW UT WOS:000233294800024 ER PT J AU Kattan, M Stearns, SC Crain, EF Stout, JW Gergen, PJ Evans, R Visness, CM Gruchalla, RS Morgan, WJ O'Connor, GT Mastin, JP Mitchell, HE AF Kattan, M Stearns, SC Crain, EF Stout, JW Gergen, PJ Evans, R Visness, CM Gruchalla, RS Morgan, WJ O'Connor, GT Mastin, JP Mitchell, HE TI Cost-effectiveness of a home-based environmental intervention for inner-city children with asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; inner city; cost-effectiveness; asthma intervention; allergen mitigation ID UNITED-STATES; ILLNESS; TRENDS AB Background: Exposure to indoor allergens contributes to increased asthma morbidity. The Inner-City Asthma Study, a randomized trial involving home environmental allergen and irritant remediation among children aged 6 through 11 years with moderate-to-severe asthma, successfully reduced asthma symptoms. A cost-effectiveness analysis can help stakeholders to evaluate the potential costs and benefits of adopting such a program. Objective: We sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of the environmental intervention of the Inner-City Asthma Study. Methods: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for a 2-year study period were calculated. Health outcome was measured as symptom-free days. Resource use measures included ambulatory visits, hospitalizations, and pharmaceutical use. CIs were obtained by using bootstrapping. Results: The intervention, which cost $1469 per family, led to statistically significant reductions in symptom days, unscheduled clinic visits, and use of beta-agonist inhalers. Over the year of the intervention and a year of follow-up, the intervention cost was $27.57 per additional symptom-free day (95% CI, $7.46-$67.42). Subgroup analysis showed that targeting the intervention to selected high-risk subgroups did not reduce the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusions: A targeted home-based environmental intervention improved health and reduced service use in inner-city children with moderate-to-severe asthma. The intervention is cost-effective when the aim is to reduce asthma symptom days and the associated costs. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Jacobi Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Emergency Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIAID, Asthma Allergy Inflammat Branch, Div Allergy Immunol Transplantat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Med, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Resp Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kattan, M (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Box 1202B,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM meyer.kattan@mssm.edu OI O'Connor, George/0000-0002-6476-3926 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39761, AI-39769, AI-39776, AI-39785, AI-39789, AI-39900, AI-39901, AI-39902] NR 14 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 1058 EP 1063 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.032 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 017IG UT WOS:000235686700017 PM 16275376 ER PT J AU Gray, DE Messer, D Porter, A Ferguson, S Harris, RK Clark, AP Algaier, JW Overstreet, JD Smith, CS AF Gray, DE Messer, D Porter, A Ferguson, S Harris, RK Clark, AP Algaier, JW Overstreet, JD Smith, CS TI Simultaneous quantification of terpenelactones and flavonol aglycones in hydrolyzed Ginkgo biloba extract by liquid chromatography with inline ultraviolet and evaporative light scattering detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB We report here a liquid chromatography (LC) method with inline ultraviolet/evaporative light scattering (UV/ELS) detection for the simultaneous quantification of the terpenelactones and flavonol aglycones in a single sample of hydrolyzed Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). The sample is hydrolyzed by a rapid and convenient oven heating method for 1 h at 90 degrees C with 10% hydrochloric acid. The 1 h hydrolysis was found to be equivalent to the 2.25 h reflux treatment for dry powder extract, where total flavonol glycosides were 28.4 and 28.1%, respectively. Acceptable precision was achieved for total terpenelactones [relative standard deviation (RSD) = 4.8%] by ELS detection, and total flavonol aglycones (RSD = 2.3%) by UV detection. The analytical range was 1.5 to 7.3% (w/w) for the individual terpenelactones (ELS) and 2.5 to 15.0% (w/w) for the individual glycosides (UV) calculated from the aglycones quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. This improved method allows for the first time high throughput sample preparation coupled with the quantification of the predominant compounds generally used for quality control of GBE in a single assay. C1 Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gray, DE (reprint author), Midwest Res Inst, 425 Volker Blvd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM dgray@mriresearch.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-05457] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1613 EP 1620 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 990SK UT WOS:000233763300006 PM 16526440 ER PT J AU Rogers, EH Hunter, ES Moser, VC Phillips, PM Herkovits, J Munoz, L Hall, LL Chernoff, N AF Rogers, EH Hunter, ES Moser, VC Phillips, PM Herkovits, J Munoz, L Hall, LL Chernoff, N TI Potential developmental toxicity of anatoxin-a, a cyanobacterial toxin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anatoxin-a; developmental toxicology; mouse; frog; embryo ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; STAGE-DEPENDENT SUSCEPTIBILITY; FRESH-WATER CYANOBACTERIA; BUFO-ARENARUM EMBRYOS; HUMAN HEALTH; RECREATIONAL WATER; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DRINKING-WATER; MOUSE; TERATOGENICITY AB Some 2000 species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) occur globally in aquatic habitats. They are able to survive under a wide range of environmental conditions and some produce potent toxins. Toxin production is correlated with periods of rapid growth (blooms) and 25%-70% of blooms may be toxic. Anatoxin-a is an alkoloid neurotoxin that acts as a potent neuro-muscular blocking agent at the nicotinic receptor. Acute toxicity, following consumption of contaminated water, is characterized by rapid onset of paralysis, tremors, convulsions and death. Human exposures may occur from recreational water activities and dietary supplements, but are primarily through drinking water. The current studies were conducted to examine the effect of in utero exposure on postnatal viability, growth and neurodevelopment, to evaluate the potential of in vitro embryotoxicity, and to explore the synergistic relationship between anatoxin-a and the algal toxin microcystin-LR by the oral route. The results of preliminary studies on amphibian toxicity are also reported. Time-pregnant mice received 125 or 200 mu g kg(-1) anatoxin-a by intraperitoneal injection on gestation days (GD) 8-12 or 13-17. Pup viability and weight were monitored over a 6-day period. Maternal toxicity (decreased motor activity) was observed at 200 mu g kg(-1) in both treatment periods. There were no significant treatment-related effects on pup viability or weight on postnatal day (PND) 1 or 6. The GD 13-17 pups were evaluated on PND 6, 12 and 20 for standard markers of neurodevellopmental maturation (righting reflex, negative geotaxis and hanging grip time). No significant postnatal neurotoxicity was observed. In vitro developmental toxicity was evaluated in GD 8 mouse embryos exposed to 0.1-25 mu m anatoxin-a for 26-28 h. Perturbations in mouse yolk sac vasculature were noted from the 1.0 gm concentration in the absence of significant embryonic dysmorphology. Potential algal toxin synergism was tested in mice receiving either 0, 500 or 1000 mu g kg(-1) microcystin-LR by gavage and similar to 50 min later receiving either 0, 500, 1000 or 2500 mu g kg(-1) anatoxin-a by the same route. No deaths occurred at any dose and no definitive signs of intoxication were observed. Stages 17 and 25 toad embryos (Bufo arenarum) were exposed to 0.03-30.0 mg 1(-1) of anatoxin-a for 10 days. Adverse effects included a dose-dependent transient narcosis, edema and loss of equilibrium. Most notable was the occurrence of 100% mortality at the high dose in both groups 6-13 days post-exposure. The observed delay between initial exposure and death is highly unusual for anatoxin-a. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inst Ciencias Ambientales & Salud, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Chernoff.neil@epamail.epa.gov NR 51 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 6 BP 527 EP 534 DI 10.1002/jat.1091 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 984LS UT WOS:000233307000011 PM 16127666 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Engelbert, B AF Charnley, S Engelbert, B TI Evaluating public participation in environmental decision-making: EPA's superfund community involvement program SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE superfund; public participation; program evaluation; environmental decision-making ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; POLICY AB This article discusses an 8-year, ongoing project that evaluates the Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund community involvement program. The project originated as a response to the Government Performance and Results Act, which requires federal agencies to articulate program goals, and evaluate and report their progress in meeting those goals. The evaluation project assesses how effective the Superfund community involvement program is in promoting public participation in decisions about how to clean up hazardous wastes at Superfund sites. We do three things in the article: (1) share our experience with evaluating an Agency public participation program, including lessons learned about methods of evaluation; (2) report evaluation results; and (3) address a number of issues pertaining to the evaluation of public participation in environmental decision-making. Our goal is to encourage more environmental managers to incorporate evaluation into their public participation programs as a tool for improving them, We found that written mail surveys were an effective and economical tool for obtaining feedback on EPA's community involvement program at Superfund sites. The evaluation focused on four criteria: citizen satisfaction with EPA information about the Superfund site, citizen understanding of environmental and human health risks associated with the site, citizen satisfaction with opportunities provided by EPA for community input, and citizen satisfaction with EPA's response to community input. While the evaluation results were mixed, in general, community members who were most informed about and involved in the cleanup process at Superfund sites generally were also the most satisfied with the community involvement process, and the job that EPA was doing cleaning up the site. We conclude that systematic evaluation provides meaningful and useful information that agencies can use to improve their public participation programs. However, there need to be institutionalized processes that ensure evaluation results are used to develop and implement strategies for improvement. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us; engelbert.bruce@epa.gov NR 34 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.002 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986GQ UT WOS:000233438500001 PM 16112794 ER PT J AU Whitmore, RW Pellizzari, ED Zelon, HS Michael, LC Quackenboss, JJ AF Whitmore, RW Pellizzari, ED Zelon, HS Michael, LC Quackenboss, JJ TI Cost/variance optimization for human exposure assessment studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human exposure assessment; variance components; cost components; optimum sampling design ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ASSESSMENT SURVEY NHEXAS; EPA REGION 5; DESIGN AB The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) field study in EPA Region V (one of three NHEXAS field studies) provides extensive exposure data on a representative sample of 249 residents of the Great Lakes states. Concentration data were obtained for both metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from multiple environmental media and from human biomarkers. A variance model for the logarithms of concentration measurements is used to de. ne intraclass correlations between observations within primary sampling units (PSUs) (nominally counties) and within secondary sampling units (SSUs) (nominally Census blocks). A model for the total cost of the study is developed in terms of fixed costs and variable costs per PSU, SSU, and participant. Intraclass correlations are estimated for media and analytes with sufficient sample sizes. We demonstrate how the intraclass correlations and variable cost components can be used to determine the sample allocation that minimizes cost while achieving pre-specified precision constraints for future studies that monitor environmental concentrations and human exposures for metals and VOCs. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Whitmore, RW (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rww@rti.org RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500424 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 984ZB UT WOS:000233344800002 PM 15886716 ER PT J AU Pugh, C Hathwar, V Richards, JH Stonehuerner, J Ghio, AJ AF Pugh, C Hathwar, V Richards, JH Stonehuerner, J Ghio, AJ TI Disruption of iron homeostasis in the lungs of transplant patients SO JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIOLITIS-OBLITERANS-SYNDROME; ELEMENT BINDING-PROTEIN; 48-HOUR COLD-STORAGE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEART-LUNG; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; ISCHEMIA; EXPRESSION; FERRITIN; INJURY AB Background: Oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism of injury underlying obliterative bronchiolitis. Catalytically reactive iron is a potential source of reactive oxygen species in transplanted tissue. Using samples acquired from surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), we tested the postulate that there is a disruption of iron equilibrium in transplanted lung, which can worsen with time. Methods: A control group of 5 healthy, non-smoking volunteers underwent BAL. Five bilateral lung transplant patients underwent surveillance BAL with transbronchial lung biopsies. The BAL fluid concentrations of protein, albumin, total iron, lactoferrin, ferritin, transferrin receptor and total iron binding capacity were measured. Results: The mean ages in the control and transplant groups were 25.0 +/- 2.4 and 34.6 +/- 5.0 years, respectively. Patients were transplanted for cystic fibrosis (n = 3), primary ciliary dyskinesia (n = 1) and bronchiolitis obliterans (n = 1). Surveillance bronchoscopies were performed at 100.6 +/- 63.3, 175.0 +/- 87.7 and 259.2 +/- 82 days post-transplant. No significant differences were noted in BAL protein, albumin and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels between the 2 groups. The BAL iron, transferrin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin and ferritin levels were significantly elevated in transplant patients relative to controls. With time after transplantation, there were increases in lavage iron, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin and ferritin concentrations. Conclusions: Abnormally high levels of iron and its homeostatic proteins were found in the lung allografts, and levels appeared to increase with time. This supports a disruption in the normal homeostasis of this metal after transplantation and a potential role for a catalyzed oxidative stress in bronchiolitis obliterans. The use of iron-depleting therapy is a possible means for preventing injury in the lung allograft. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Heart & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd,Campus Box 7315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1053-2498 J9 J HEART LUNG TRANSPL JI J. Heart Lung Transplant. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1821 EP 1827 DI 10.1016/j.healun.2005.03.016 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery; Transplantation SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery; Transplantation GA 985XP UT WOS:000233412300020 PM 16297788 ER PT J AU Arredouani, MS Palecanda, A Koziel, H Huang, YC Imrich, A Sulahian, TH Ning, YY Yang, ZP Pikkarainen, T Sankala, M Vargas, SO Takeya, M Tryggvason, K Kobzik, L AF Arredouani, MS Palecanda, A Koziel, H Huang, YC Imrich, A Sulahian, TH Ning, YY Yang, ZP Pikkarainen, T Sankala, M Vargas, SO Takeya, M Tryggvason, K Kobzik, L TI MARCO is the major binding receptor for unopsonized particles and bacteria on human alveolar macrophages SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; HOST-DEFENSE; LECTIN SRCL; LUNG; PHAGOCYTOSIS; CELLS; RECOGNITION; MACROSIALIN AB Alveolar macrophages (AMs) avidly bind and ingest inhaled environmental particles and bacteria. To identify the particle binding receptor(s) on human AMs, we used functional screening of anti-human AM hybridomas and isolated a mAb, PLK-1, which inhibits AM binding of unopsonized particles (e.g., TiO2, latex beads; 63 +/- 5 and 67 +/- 4% inhibition, respectively, measured by flow cytometry; n = 11) and unopsonized bacteria (similar to 84 and 41 % inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus binding by mAb PLK-1, respectively). The PLK-1 Ag was identified as the human class A scavenger receptor (SR) MARCO (macrophage receptor with collagenous structure) by observing specific immunolabeling of COS cells transfected with human MARCO (but not,precipitation by PLK-1 of a protein of appropriate molecular mass (similar to 70 kDa) from both normal SR-AI/II) cDNA and by immuno human bronchoalveolar lavage cells (> 90% AMs) and human MARCO-transfected COS cells. PLK-1 also specifically inhibited particle binding by COS cells, only after transfection with human MARCO cDNA. Immunostaining showed specific labeling of AMs within human lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage samples, as well as macrophages in other sites (e.g., lymph node and liver). Using COS transfectants with different truncated forms of MARCO, allowed epitope mapping for the PLK-1 Ab to MARCO domain V between amino acid residues 420 and 431. A panel of Abs to various SRs identified expression on AMs, but failed to inhibit TiO2 or S. aureus binding. The data support a dominant role for MARCO in the human AM defense against inhaled particles and pathogens. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Phys Programs, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Med & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Cell Pathol, Kumamoto, Japan. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kobzik, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Phys Programs, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lkobzik@hsph.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES0002, ES11008] NR 45 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 175 IS 9 BP 6058 EP 6064 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 977EW UT WOS:000232786300063 PM 16237101 ER PT J AU Dugan, NR AF Dugan, NR TI Using Dirichlet tessellation to help estimate microbial biomass concentrations SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet tessellation; optical biomass estimation; computer assisted microscopy; cyanobacteria; chlorophyll a; Coulter counting ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; HYBRIDIZATION; ENUMERATION AB Dirichlet tessellation was applied to estimate microbial concentrations from microscope well slides. The use of microscopy/ Dirichlet tessellation to quantify biomass was illustrated with two species of morphologically distinct cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flos aquae), and validated empirically by comparison with chlorophyll a and Coulter count analyses. Biomass estimates obtained by microscopy/Dirichlet tessellation were significantly correlated with the results obtained from chlorophyll a and Coulter analyses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dugan, NR (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dugan.nicholas@epa.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.04.003 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 977QF UT WOS:000232817600012 PM 15936102 ER PT J AU Waits, A Hartzell, E Harten, T AF Waits, A Hartzell, E Harten, T TI Analytical performance criteria - The US environmental protection agency environmental technology verification program - An overview SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, ETV Program, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Waits, A (reprint author), US EPA, ETV Program, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 2 IS 11 BP D87 EP D90 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 981XJ UT WOS:000233121000002 PM 16276636 ER PT J AU Laumbach, RJ Fiedler, N Gardner, CR Laskin, DL Fan, ZH Zhang, JF Weschler, CJ Lioy, PJ Devlin, RB Ohman-Strickland, P Kelly-McNeil, K Kipen, HM AF Laumbach, RJ Fiedler, N Gardner, CR Laskin, DL Fan, ZH Zhang, JF Weschler, CJ Lioy, PJ Devlin, RB Ohman-Strickland, P Kelly-McNeil, K Kipen, HM TI Nasal effects of a mixture of volatile organic compounds and their ozone oxidation products SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRONG AIRWAY IRRITANTS; INDOOR AIR; INFLAMMATION; EXPOSURE; HUMANS; LAVAGE; POLLUTANTS; RESPONSES; LIMONENE AB Objective. Our objective was to determine if low levels of a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their ozone (O-3) oxidation products, similar to what might be found in "sick buildings, " cause nasal irritation and inflammation under controlled exposure conditions. Methods. Healthy, nonsmoking women (n = 130) completed 2-hour controlled exposures to VOCs, VOCs and O-3, and a masked air "MA" control in random order at least I week apart. VOCs and O-3 concentrations were approximately 25 mg/m(3) and approximately 40 ppb, respectively. Nasal symptoms were rated before, during and after exposure. Nasal lavage fluid was analyzed for polymorphonuclear cells, total protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. Results. We found no significant differences in symptoms or markers of nasal inflammation between exposure conditions. Conclusions: Results suggest that VOCs and their oxidation products may not cause acute nasal effects at low concentrations. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Laumbach, RJ (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd,Room 204, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM laumbach@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Weschler, Charles/A-9788-2009 OI Weschler, Charles/0000-0002-9097-5850 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1182 EP 1189 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000183338.95778.f0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 984TH UT WOS:000233326700012 PM 16282880 ER PT J AU Notenboom, S Miller, DS Kuik, LH Smits, P Russel, FGM Masereeuw, R AF Notenboom, S Miller, DS Kuik, LH Smits, P Russel, FGM Masereeuw, R TI Short-term exposure of renal proximal tubules to gentamicin increases long-term multidrug resistance protein 2 (Abcc2) transport function and reduces nephrotoxicant sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ANION SECRETION; CONJUGATE EXPORT PUMP; PREGNANE-X RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE-ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; MRP2 GENE; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; EFFLUX AB We previously showed that the function of renal multidrug resistance protein (Mrp) 2 (Abcc2) is reduced by endothelin (ET)-1 signaling through an ETB receptor, nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), cGMP, and protein kinase C and that this pathway was activated by several nephrotoxicants (Masereeuw et al., 2000; Terlouw et al., 2001; Notenboom et al., 2002, 2004). Here, we determined the long-term effects on Mrp2-mediated transport (luminal fluorescein methotrexate accumulation) of short-term (30 min) exposure to ET-1 and the aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin. Our data show that over the 3 h following exposure, proximal tubules recovered fully from the initial decrease in Mrp2-mediated transport and that transport activity was not changed 9 h later. However, 24 h after exposure, luminal accumulation of an Mrp2 substrate had increased by 50%. Increased transport at 24 h was accompanied by an increased transporter protein content of the luminal plasma membrane as measured by immunostaining. Blocking ET-1 signaling at the ETB receptor or downstream at NOS or guanylyl cyclase abolished both stimulation of transport and increased transporter expression. Thus, regardless of whether signaling was initiated by a short exposure to ET-1 or to a nephrotoxicant, the time course of Mrp2 response to ETB signaling was the same and was multiphasic. Finally, when tubules were exposed to gentamicin for 30 min and removed to gentamicin-free medium for 24 h, they were less sensitive to acute gentamicin toxicity than paired controls not initially exposed to the drug. Thus, short-term exposure to ET-1 or gentamicin resulted in long-term protection against a second insult. C1 Radbound Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci 233, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME USA. RP Masereeuw, R (reprint author), Radbound Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci 233, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM r.masereeuw@ncmls.ru.nl RI Russel, Frans/B-3184-2014; Masereeuw, Roos/N-3582-2014; Smits, P.A.B.M./E-2889-2015; OI Russel, Frans/0000-0002-7959-2314; Masereeuw, Rosalinde/0000-0002-1560-1074 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 315 IS 2 BP 912 EP 920 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.089094 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 975SD UT WOS:000232681300050 PM 16085757 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Jones, KB AF Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Jones, KB TI Evaluating the relative roles of ecological regions and land-cover composition for guiding establishment of nutrient criteria SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act (CWA); eutrophication; nitrogen; phosphorus; scale; variance component analysis ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; STREAMS; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHEDS; ECOREGIONS; EXPORT AB The continuing degradation of United States surface waters by excessive nutrient loads has motivated the establishment of nutrient criteria for streams, lakes, and estuaries as a means to protect aquatic resources. Nutrient criteria have been established based on ecoregional differences, recognizing that geographic variation in climate, topography, geology, and land use require use of different criteria values for different regions of the continental United States. Several studies have demonstrated that land-cover composition also strongly influences nutrient concentrations and yields. We examined the relative importance of ecoregions and watershed land-cover composition in explaining variability in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations by re-analyzing the National Eutrophication Survey (NES) data reported by Omernik (1977). The variance of N concentrations among land-cover composition classes within ecoregions was six times larger than the variance among ecoregions. For P concentrations, land-cover composition within ecoregions accounted for three times more variance than ecoregions themselves. Variance across ecoregions was only weakly significant after accounting for variance in land-cover composition within ecoregions. The results suggest that the relationship between land-cover composition and nutrient concentrations in aquatic systems should also be used to help guide establishment of nutrient criteria. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-0067-3 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 980RQ UT WOS:000233036300002 ER PT J AU Kligerman, AD Doerr, CL Tennant, AH AF Kligerman, AD Doerr, CL Tennant, AH TI Oxidation and methylation status determine the effects of arsenic on the mitotic apparatus SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis CY SEP 11-15, 2004 CL Morgantown, VA SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Elementis Chromium, Corpus, Nickel Producers Environm Res Assoc, Nutr 21 Inc Purchase DE aneuploidy; arsenical; c-anaphase; c-metaphase; mitotic index; spindle; tubulin ID HAMSTER V79 CELLS; ANEUPLOIDY-INDUCING AGENTS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SODIUM ARSENITE; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; IN-VITRO; COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMAS; MULTIPOLAR SPINDLES; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; INDUCTION AB We investigated the spindle inhibitory properties of six arsenicals differing in their methylation or oxidation state. Human lymphoblasts were exposed for 6 h to either sodium arsenate (NaAsV), sodium arsenite (NaAsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), or dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)). After exposure slides were prepared, and the mitotic indices (MI) were assessed. We also exposed tubulin directly to each arsenical and spectrophotometrically measured its effect on polymerization. NaAsV caused a small but significant increase in MI. MMA(V) also caused only a slight increase in MI that just reached statistical significance. In contrast, DMA(V) caused a significant increase in MI, producing similar to 75% the MI of demecolcine and similar to 4 times the MI of the control. NaAsIII had no significant effect on MI and was quite toxic. MMA(III) induced more than a twofold increase in MI compared to the control, which was about 40% that caused by demecolcine. On a micromolar basis, MMA(III) was the most potent of the arsenicals tested. DMA(III) gave inconsistent results. None of the pentavalent arsenicals had a substantial effect (either inhibition or enhancement) on GTP-induced polymerization of tubulin. In contrast, NaAsIII inhibited polymerization at concentrations of 1 mM and above and MMA(III) and DMA(III) at 10 mu M and above. Taken together, these results present a complex picture of how arsenicals may affect cells. These studies demonstrate that the metabolites of arsenic are active not only as chromosome breaking and DNA damaging agents but can also interfere with cell division via tubulin disruption. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, B143-06,Bldg B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kligerman.andrew@epa.gov NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s11010-005-8283-3 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 983ME UT WOS:000233235500012 PM 16283520 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B Parmar, R Johnston, JM Barber, MC AF Rashleigh, B Parmar, R Johnston, JM Barber, MC TI Predictive habitat models for the occurrence of stream fishes in the mid-Atlantic highlands SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; ECOLOGICAL RISK; RIVER; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS AB In most wadeable streams of the mid-Atlantic Highlands region of the eastern USA, physical habitat alteration is the primary stressor for fish. Models that predict the occurrence of stream-fish species based on habitat measures can be useful in management, and predicted probability of occurrence can be a measure of habitat suitability with which to compare alternative habitat management scenarios and assess the effectiveness of stream restoration, We developed such models for each of 13 mid-Atlantic Highlands stream-fish species and species groups by using multiple logistic regression and six instream habitat measures: depth, temperature, substrate, percent riffles, cover, and riparian vegetation. The predictive ability of the models ranged from 61% to 79% in cross-validation and from 38% to 85% on an independent data set. The models predicted well for both the original and test data sets for black bass Micropterus spp., brook trout Salvelinus jantinalis, darters Etheostoma and Percina spp., shiners Notropis spp., and suckers Hypentelium and Moxostoma spp. Suitable habitat for most of the fish species groups was characterized by intermediate depth, a high percentage of cobble and riparian vegetation, and a low percentage of instream cover. The relatively high predictive ability and reasonable responses to habitat measures indicated that these models could be useful for management. However, the models were more sensitive to depth and temperature than to measures that are more commonly affected by restoration activities, such as cover and riparian vegetation. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rashleigh.brenda@epa.gov NR 76 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1353 EP 1366 DI 10.1577/M04-202.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800017 ER PT J AU Freed, R Mintz, C Lanza, R Randall, FA AF Freed, R Mintz, C Lanza, R Randall, FA TI Analytic framework for analyzing non-energy uses of fossil fuels as petrochemical feedstocks in the USA SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE non-energy use; carbon storage; greenhouse gas emissions; inventory AB Carbon dioxide emissions from the non-energy use (NEU) of fossil fuels are a significant source of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the USA. As one of the emission sources that make the largest contribution to the absolute overall level of national emissions, NEU is a "key source" in the U.S. GHG Inventory, accounting for 4.6% of USA fossil fuel emissions in 2002. As suggested by IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA [IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA. Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Environment Programme, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris, France: International Energy Agency; 1997], the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designed an approach for characterizing emissions and long-term storage of carbon in NEU, tailored to USA conditions and data availability, which yield results that are more accurate than application of the general assumptions supplied by the IPCC guidelines. In the USA, of the various non-energy uses of fossil fuels, petrochemical feedstocks is the largest, followed by asphalt, lubricants, and other categories. The overall storage factor for petrochemical feedstocks in the USA for 2002, calculated as the quotient of carbon stored divided by total carbon in feedstocks, is 67%. In other words, of the net consumption, 67% was destined for long-term storage in products - including products subsequently combusted for waste disposal - while the remaining 33% was emitted to the atmosphere directly as CO2 (e.g., through combustion of industrial byproducts) or indirectly as CO2 precursors (e.g., through evaporative product use). The basic framework used in this approach could be applied in other countries, and is similar in several respects to the Non-Energy use Emission Accounting Tables (NEAT) model framework developed independently and described by other authors in this issue. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 ICF Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Freed, R (reprint author), ICF Consulting, 1725 Eye St NW,Ste 1000, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM rfreed@icfconsulting.com; cmintz@icfconsulting.com; rlanza@icfconsulting.com; hockstad.leif@epa.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SI SI BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.05.005 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971MU UT WOS:000232389200006 ER PT J AU Cizdziel, J Farmer, D Hodge, V Lindley, K Stetzenbach, K AF Cizdziel, J Farmer, D Hodge, V Lindley, K Stetzenbach, K TI U-234/U-238 isotope ratios in groundwater from Southern Nevada: a comparison of alpha counting and magnetic sector ICP-MS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE groundwater; ICP-MS; alpha spectrometry; Nevada Test Site; U-234/U-238; Nye County ID TH-SERIES NUCLIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISEQUILIBRIUM; URANIUM; WATER; FLOW; USA; TRANSPORT; BASIN AB The U-234/U-248 activity ratio (AR) is extensively used as a geochemical tool to investigate movement and flow relationships in major hydrological units, information that is particularly important when considering nuclear waste disposal. It is usually determined by radiochemical separation and concentration of U, followed by energy-specific alpha particle counting. Alternatively, sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) can be used to measure U isotopic signatures directly in groundwater samples. Here, we compare the two methods for samples of spring and groundwater from southern Nevada. Results for samples stripped from stainless steel disks, previously used for alpha counting, and for splits of groundwater samples show good agreement between the methods. However, SF-ICP-MS is faster, requires much less sample, and produces essentially no waste. We demonstrate applicability of the SF-ICP-MS method for groundwater collected from over 25 wells on and near the Nevada Test Site during 2003. Uranium concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 9.87 ppb with a mean of 2.9 ppb, while U-234/U-238 AR values ranged from 1.9 to 11.5 with a mean of 4.3. Groundwater collected from deep wells in the northern part of the study area tended to have moderate to high U concentrations and AR values, possibly representative of older volcanic-type waters, whereas groundwater from wells in the Fortymile Wash area had relatively low AR and U concentrations, suggesting younger waters with a possible local recharge component. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Cizdziel, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983IQ UT WOS:000233225300019 PM 16227084 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA Allen, D Lescano, NV AF Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA Allen, D Lescano, NV TI Determining speciation of Pb in phosphate-amended soils: Method limitations SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE selective sequential extractions; speciation; bioavailability; Pb immobilization; pyromorphite ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TRACE-METAL CONTENTS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; ZINC SPECIATION; IN-VITRO; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEDIMENTS; CHLOROPYROMORPHITE AB Determining the effectiveness of in situ immobilization for P-amended, Pb-contaminated soils has typically relied on nonspectroscopic methods. However in recent years, these methods have come under scrutiny due to technical and unforeseen error issues. In this study, we analyzed 18 soil samples via X-ray diffraction (XRD), selective sequential extraction (SSE), and a physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The data were compared against each other and to previous data collected for the soil samples employing X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy coupled with linear combination fitting (XAFS-LCF), which spectroscopically speciates and quantifies the major Ph species in the samples. It was observed that XRD was incapable of detecting pyromorphite, the hopeful endpoint of the immobilization strategy for reduced Pb bioavailability in our studies. Further, the SSE and PBET extraction methods demonstrated an increase of recalcitrant Pb forms in comparison to the XAFS-LCF results suggesting that SSE and PBET methods induced the precipitation of pyromorphite during the extraction procedures. The theme of this paper illustrates the experimental concerns of several commonly employed methods to investigate immobilization strategies of amended, metal-contaminated systems which may not be in true equilibrium. We conclude that appropriate application of spectroscopic methods provides more conclusive and accurate results in environmental systems (i.e., Pb, Zn, Cd, etc.) examining P-induced immobilization. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.020 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983IQ UT WOS:000233225300020 PM 16227085 ER PT J AU Beard, WA Wilson, SH AF Beard, WA Wilson, SH TI Syn-full behavior by T7 DNA polymerese SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIDELITY; REPLICATION; INSERTION; INSIGHTS; BETA C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Beard, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD NOV PY 2005 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1580 EP 1582 DI 10.1016/j.str.2005.10.003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 986LT UT WOS:000233451800002 PM 16271879 ER PT J AU Holsapple, MP Farland, WH Landry, TD Monteiro-Riviere, NA Carter, JM Walker, NJ Thomas, KV AF Holsapple, MP Farland, WH Landry, TD Monteiro-Riviere, NA Carter, JM Walker, NJ Thomas, KV TI Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part II: Toxicological and safety evaluation of nanomaterials, current challenges and data needs SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE nanomaterials; nanoscale materials; nanotechnology; risk assessment; toxicology ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PULMONARY RESPONSES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; INHALED ULTRAFINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXIDE PARTICLES; LUNG INJURY; ZINC-OXIDE; RAT LUNG AB This article summarizes a roundtable discussion held at the 2005 Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA. The purpose of the roundtable was to review the current challenges and data needs for conducting toxicological and safety evaluations for nanomaterials, with the goals of presenting the current state-of-the science on the safety of nanomaterials and bringing together scientists representing government, academia, and industry to identify priorities for developing data to facilitate risk assessments for these materials. In this summary, the unique physicochemical properties associated with nanomaterials are reviewed in the context of the difficulties associated with measuring and characterizing them. In addition, the development of appropriate hazard data, the collection of accurate human and environmental exposure information, and the development of a better fundamental understanding of the modes of action for nanomaterials are discussed as factors that will impact the development of comprehensive toxicological and safety evaluations. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Chem Toxicol Res & Pharmacokinet, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Thomas, KV (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM kthomas@ilsi.org RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 NR 36 TC 113 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi293 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 972BH UT WOS:000232428300003 PM 16120754 ER PT J AU Ladics, GS Chapin, RE Hastings, KL Holsapple, MP Makris, SL Sheets, LP Woolhiser, MR Burns-Naas, LA AF Ladics, GS Chapin, RE Hastings, KL Holsapple, MP Makris, SL Sheets, LP Woolhiser, MR Burns-Naas, LA TI Developmental toxicology evaluations - Issues with including neurotoxicology and immunotoxicology assessments in reproductive toxicology studies SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE developmental immunotoxicology; DIT; developmental neurotoxicology; DNT; developmental and reproductive toxicology; DART; study design; combination study; hazard identification; panel discussion ID RISK ASSESSMENT; SYSTEM FUNCTION; RATS; WORKSHOP; EXPOSURE; IMMUNE AB Developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) has routinely been a part of safety assessment. Attention is now focused on the effects of chemicals on the developing nervous and immune systems. This focus on developmental neurotoxicology (DNT) and developmental immunotoxicology (DIT) is based on the premise that children differ from adults in some aspects of their biology and, thus, may also differ in their responses to chemicals. This session's objective was to discuss issues common to DNT and DIT as they relate to DART protocols, including high dose selection and maternal toxicity, adequacy of pup exposure during lactation, use of a different dosing paradigm for DART versus DNT or DIT studies, and whether DIT and DNT endpoints can be incorporated into a single DART study for hazard identification purposes. Consensus was achieved on all topics except the adequacy for risk assessment purposes of the use of a limited number of endpoints for DIT and DNT, with the DNT endpoints being the primary focus of disagreement. Panelists indicated that a combination study design for hazard identification was feasible, though flexibility to meet the scientific needs of the project was emphasized. The adequacy of existing triggers for additional developmental studies was also questioned. Panelists iterated the importance of understanding pup exposure during the various life stages and the use of toxicokinetic data in designing these studies. The group agreed to consider the HESI ACSA Life Stages Task Force recommendations as a next step to address some of the issues and challenges raised during this session. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, Newark, DE 19714 USA. Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Worldwide Safety Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat Res, Off New Drugs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Bayer CropSci LP, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Worldwide Safety Sci, San Diego, CA 92064 USA. RP Ladics, GS (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, Box 50, Newark, DE 19714 USA. EM gregory.s.ladics@usa.dupont.com OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi299 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 972BH UT WOS:000232428300005 PM 16120748 ER PT J AU Padilla, S Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Oxendine, S Moser, VC Southerland, SB Mailman, RB AF Padilla, S Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Oxendine, S Moser, VC Southerland, SB Mailman, RB TI Neurochemical effects of chronic dietary and repeated high-level acute exposure to chlorpyrifos in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; rat; chronic; cholinesterase; muscarinic; dopaminergic ID H-3 MAZINDOL BINDING; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; UPTAKE SITES; ADULT-RATS; TOXICITY; DOPAMINE; BRAIN; 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE; CHLORFENVINPHOS AB Very little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to relatively low levels of anticholinesterase insecticides or how the effects of chronic exposure compare to those of higher, intermittent exposure. To that end, adult male rats were fed an anticholinesterase insecticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), for 1 year at three levels of dietary exposure: 0, 1, or 5 mg/kg/day (0+oil, 1+oil, and 5+oil). In addition, half of each of these groups also received a bolus dosage of CPF in corn oil ("spiked" animals; 60 mg/kg initially and 45 mg/kg thereafter) every 2 months (0+CPF, 1+CPF, 5+CPF). Animals were analyzed after 6 or 12 months of dosing, and again 3 months after cessation of dosing (i.e., "recovery" animals-six experimental groups with n = 4-6/group/time point). Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured in retina, whole blood, plasma, red blood cells, diaphragm, and brain [pons, striatum, and the rest of the brain (referred to simply as "brain")]. Muscarinic receptor density was assessed in retina, pons, and brain, whereas dopamine transporter density and the levels of dopamine and its metabolites were assessed in striatum. Cholinesterase activity at 6 and 12 months was not different in any of the tissues, indicating that a steady state had been reached prior to 6 months. The 1+oil group animals showed ChE inhibition only in the blood, whereas the 5+oil group exhibited >= 50% ChE inhibition in all tissues tested. One day after the bolus dose, all three groups (0+CPF, 1+CPF, 5+CPF) showed >= 70% ChE inhibition in all tissues. Muscarinic receptor density decreased only in the brain of the 5+oil and 5+CPF groups, whereas dopamine transporter density increased only at 6 months in all three spiked groups. Striatal dopamine or dopamine metabolite levels did not change at any time. Three months after CPF dosing ended, all end points had returned to control levels. These data indicate that, although chronic feeding with or without intermittent spiked dosages with CPF produces substantial biochemical changes in a dose- and tissue-related manner, there are no persistent biochemical changes. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Neurol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, B105-06,4903 Page Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Padilla.Stephanie@epa.gov OI Mailman, Richard/0000-0003-1353-2738 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi274 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 972BH UT WOS:000232428300019 PM 16081522 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Ward, TR Ludewig, G Robertson, LW Birnbaum, LS AF Kodavanti, PRS Ward, TR Ludewig, G Robertson, LW Birnbaum, LS TI Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) effects in rat neuronal cultures: C-14-PBDE accumulation, biological effects, and structure-activity relationships SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); neurotoxicity; intracellular signaling; cytotoxicity; protein kinase C; calcium signaling ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; BROMINATED FLAME-RETARDANT; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL MIXTURES; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; PHORBOL ESTER BINDING; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; IN-VITRO; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), widely used as flame-retardants, are now recognized as globally distributed pollutants, and are detected in most environmental and biological samples, including human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk. Due to their wide use in commercial products and their persistent nature, long-term exposure to PBDEs may pose a human health risk, especially to children. Our previous reports showed that the commercial PBDE mixture, DE-71, affected protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium homeostasis in a similar way to those of a structurally-related polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture. These intracellular signaling events are associated with neuronal development and learning and memory function. The objectives of the present study were to test whether environmentally relevant PBDE congeners, with different position and number of bromines, affected PKC translocation in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures and compare the potency and efficacy of PBDE congeners with their C-14-accumulation. All the tested PBDE congeners increased H-3-phorbol ester (PDBu) binding, and a significant effect was seen as low as 10 mu M. Among the congeners tested, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47) increased H-3-PDBu binding in a concentration-dependent manner and to a greater extent than other congeners. These effects were seen at concentrations and exposure times where no cytotoxicity was observed. The efficacy of PBDE congeners varied with their structural composition, and the effects seen on H-3-PDBu binding with some PBDE congeners are similar to those of PCB congeners. Cerebellar granule neurons accumulated all three PBDE congeners (PBDEs 47, 99, and 153) following exposure. At the lowest concentration (0.67 mu M), about 13-18% of the total dose of C-14-PBDE congeners was accumulated by these neurons. There were distinct differences in the pattern of C-14-PBDE accumulation among the PBDE congeners. The C-14-PBDE accumulation, either represented as percent basis or nanomole basis, was much lower for the 30.69 mu M PBDE 99 and 10.69-30.69 mu M PBDE 153 than at the lower concentrations, which may be due to low solubility of these congeners. The accumulation pattern with PBDE 47 did not vary with concentration. On a nanomole accumulation basis, PBDEs 47, 99, and 153 accumulation was linear with time. While the nanomole accumulation was linear with concentration for PBDE 47, it is nonlinear for PBDEs 99 and 153. The pattern of PBDE accumulation seems to correlate with the effects on PKC translocation, with regression values of 0.773-0.991. These results indicate that PBDEs affected PKC translocation in neurons in a similar way to those of other organohalogens, some PBDE congeners are equally efficacious as the respective PCB congeners, and PBDE accumulation correlated well with PKC translocation, suggesting a common mode of action for this group of chemicals. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL ORD, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov RI Ludewig, Gabriele/A-2745-2008; OI Ludewig, Gabriele/0000-0003-2385-7720 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES013661] NR 62 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi289 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 972BH UT WOS:000232428300021 PM 16107548 ER PT J AU Cairns, MA Ebersole, JL Baker, JP Wigington, PJ Lavigne, HR Davis, SM AF Cairns, MA Ebersole, JL Baker, JP Wigington, PJ Lavigne, HR Davis, SM TI Influence of summer stream temperatures on black spot infestation of juvenile coho salmon in the Oregon Coast Range SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NEASCUS-PYRIFORMIS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BRULE CREEK; FISH; SURVIVAL; DIPLOSTOMATIDAE; TREMATODA; COLUMBIA; GROWTH AB High summer water temperatures can adversely affect stream salmonids in numerous ways. The direct effects of temperature associated with increased metabolic demand can be exacerbated by other factors, including decreased resistance to disease and increased susceptibility to parasites. We quantified the occurrence of black spot infestation caused by a neascus-type trematode (family Diplostomidae) of juvenile salmonids in Oregon's West Fork Smith River stream network during summer 2002 through fall 2003. The highest 7-d average of the daily maximum (ADM) temperatures was positively correlated with infestation rates in both years. We summarized the frequency and infestation severity of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynclus kisutch by location within the network and summarized temperatures for 19 study reaches. Summer ADMs ranged from approximately 24 degrees C near the watershed mouth to approximately 17 degrees C in the upper reaches, while tributary ADMs ranged from approximately 16-18 degrees C in the lower reaches to 12-17 degrees C in the upper reaches. Temperatures were consistently higher in summer 2003 than in summer 2002. The presence of black spot infestation was more frequently noted in warm main-stem reaches than in adjacent cooler tributary reaches, and infestation rates were generally higher in 2003 than in 2002 in the same reach. Movements of coho salmon juveniles within the stream network also appeared to influence observed infestation rates. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cairns, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM cairns.michael@epa.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1479 DI 10.1577/T04-151.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100006 ER PT J AU Meng, L Cicchetti, G Raciti, S AF Meng, L Cicchetti, G Raciti, S TI Relationships between juvenile winter flounder and multiple-scale habitat variation in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN US ESTUARIES; CAPE FEAR RIVER; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; GROWTH-RATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; SHALLOW-WATER; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ATLANTIC ESTUARY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; COASTAL LAGOONS AB A rapid random sampling method was used to relate densities of juvenile winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus to multiple scales of habitat variation in Narragansett Bay and two nearby coastal lagoons in Rhode Island. We used a 1-m beam trawl with attached video camera, continuous global positioning system track overlay, and continuous recording YSI sonde to sample 163 sites in June and July 2002 and 2003. The YSI sonde recorded temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, turbidity, and chlorophyll a throughout the tow, while the video camera recorded other habitat characteristics. Habitat patterns at larger spatial scales were assessed with aerial imagery and charted depth data. We caught 25 species and 977 fish, almost twice as many fish being captured in 2002 (596) as in 2003 (381). Winter flounder was the most common species in both years, comprising 60.2% of the catch in 2002 and 33.6% of the catch in 2003. Total fish and winter flounder were three times more abundant in the coastal lagoons than in the bay. We used stepwise multiple regression to develop a general model (all variables, including those affecting catch efficiency) and a habitat model (only habitat variables) describing the relationship between habitat quality and juvenile winter flounder density. The results of the stepwise regression on the general model explained only about 25% of the variability in catch, but they suggested that winter flounder densities were higher at sites in coves and that densities increased with human population density, greater percentages of algal cover, and higher percentages of mud. Densities were negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a. In the habitat model (r(2) = 0.16), densities were higher in coves, at sites with marsh or beach edges, and at sites with human disturbance. Similar to the general model, densities increased with algal cover and decreased with dissolved oxygen. At larger spatial scales, shorelines dominated by beaches and habitat diversity (as calculated by Simpson's diversity index) were positively correlated with higher juvenile winter flounder densities. Overall, the results suggested that juvenile winter flounder were most abundant in coves and upper estuaries. We conclude that these areas may provide beneficial nursery habitat for winter flounder despite apparent human disturbance. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Meng, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM meng.lesa@epa.gov RI Raciti, Steve/D-3837-2013 OI Raciti, Steve/0000-0002-6793-5068 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1519 DI 10.1577/T04-167.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100011 ER PT J AU Murphy, E Imahashi, K Steenbergen, C AF Murphy, E Imahashi, K Steenbergen, C TI Bcl-2 regulation of mitochondrial energetics SO TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE; K-ATP CHANNELS; CELL-DEATH; CYTOCHROME-C; TRANSGENIC MICE; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; DESMIN CYTOSKELETON; ENERGY-METABOLISM; CARDIAC MYOCYTES AB Recent data suggest that in addition to regulating apoptosis, Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein overexpressed in B-cell lymphoma) and Bcl-2 family members also regulate mitochondrial and cell physiology. t-Bid, a Bcl-2 family member, has been shown to modulate reorganization of mitochondrial cristae. Bcl-2 appears to regulate voltage-dependent anion channel permeability, which has important consequences for mitochondrial transport of adenine nucleotides, Ca2+, and other metabolites. BAD, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is required for the binding of glucokinase to a mitochondrial complex, and BAD null mice have altered glucose homeostasis. It has been suggested that Bcl-2 family members may regulate important mitochondrial/cell functions and serve as sentinels to detect abnormalities in these pathways and, when the abnormalities are severe enough, to initiate or facilitate cell death. Understanding the physiologic processes controlled by Bcl-2 will be important in understanding cell regulation, and it may also provide new insights into the regulation of apoptosis. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Murphy, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Natl Inst Hlth, 111 Alexander Dr,Maildrop F2-07, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM murphy1@niehs.nih.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL039752] NR 73 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1050-1738 J9 TRENDS CARDIOVAS MED JI Trends Cardiovasc. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 8 BP 283 EP 290 AR PII S1050-1738(05)00166-0 DI 10.1016/j.tcm.2005.09.002 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 990TC UT WOS:000233765100003 PM 16297765 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, P Bielefeldt, AR Illangasekare, T Henry, B AF Pfeiffer, P Bielefeldt, AR Illangasekare, T Henry, B TI Partitioning of dissolved chlorinated ethenes into vegetable oil SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE trichloroethene; vegetable oil; tetrachloroethene; partitioning; bioremediation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES; COEFFICIENTS AB Food-grade soybean oil (SoyOil) has been used to enhance in situ anaerobic bioremediation at sites contaminated with chlorinated ethenes (CEs). The abiotic interactions of SoyOil with the CEs may be significant and need to be better understood. The oil: water partition coefficients (K-P) of dissolved CEs into SoyOil were measured in batch tests and ranged from 22 to 1200 with increasing chlorination. CE mixtures significantly reduced the K-P for tetrachloroethene (PCE), but not the other CEs. Simple flow tests were used to quantify the mass transfer coefficients (k(L)) of dissolved CEs into SoyOil. Higher k(L) values corresponded to the CEs with higher diffusivity in water. CE mixtures reduced the k(L) for all of the CEs. The results can be used to predict abiotic interactions and distribution of contaminant mass expected after SoyOil injection, and thus provide a more accurate estimate of the mass of CEs removed due to enhanced biodegradation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Parsons Corp, Denver, CO 80290 USA. RP Bielefeldt, AR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Angela.Bielefeldt@Colorado.edu OI BIELEFELDT, ANGELA/0000-0002-7846-9699 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 4521 EP 4527 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.09.016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 986TX UT WOS:000233473700028 PM 16242753 ER PT J AU McDaniels, AE Wymer, L Rankin, C Haugland, R AF McDaniels, AE Wymer, L Rankin, C Haugland, R TI Evaluation of quantitative real time PCR for the measurement of Helicobacter pylori at low concentrations in drinking water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE drinking water; fluorescent antibody; Helicohaeter pylori; QRTPCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COCCOID FORMS; UREASE GENES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; FRESH-WATER; DNA; ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL; INFECTION; SYSTEMS AB A rapid DNA extraction and quantitative, real time polymerase chain reaction (QRTPCR) analysis method targeting the ureA gene of Helicobacter pylori was evaluated for the measurement of these organisms on membrane filters at levels that might be expected to be found in drinking water samples, No interference was seen from high levels of background organisms and related, non-target species were detected at approximately 4.5 log(10) lower levels of sensitivity than H. pylori by this assay. A standard curve was generated for the method from analyses of filters containing known numbers of added H. pylori cells. Cell numbers on these filters were determined by staining with a species-specific fluorescent antibody and solid phase cytometry analyses. The mean detection sensitivity of the method was 10 H. pylori cells per filter with a 95% confidence sensitivity of 40 cells and a 95% confidence precision interval of +/- 0.57 log(10) based on duplicate analyses of the samples. One liter drinking water samples from several locations in the US were inoculated with the same H. pylori cell suspensions used to generate the standard curve and gave measurements that were consistent with the standard curve suggesting that these sample matrices produced no interference in the method. This method may be useful for the rapid screening of drinking water for H. pylori. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP McDaniels, AE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mcdaniels.audrey@epa.gov NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 4808 EP 4816 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.09.030 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 991KD UT WOS:000233812000022 PM 16278002 ER PT J AU Borer, BJM Cascio, WE Esch, GL Graff, DW Aghajanian, A Lemasters, JJ Kim, JS Kim, HS Coleman, WB Grisham, JW Anderson, PA Malouf, NN AF Borer, BJM Cascio, WE Esch, GL Graff, DW Aghajanian, A Lemasters, JJ Kim, JS Kim, HS Coleman, WB Grisham, JW Anderson, PA Malouf, NN TI Calcium driven transcription of a cardiac specifying gene program in liver stem cells SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S BP U322 EP U322 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956401586 ER PT J AU El-Bizri, N Wang, LL Martinez, EC Urashima, T Mishina, Y Rabinovitch, M AF El-Bizri, N Wang, LL Martinez, EC Urashima, T Mishina, Y Rabinovitch, M TI Vascular defects and embryonic lethality in transgenic mice with endothelial cell-specific deletion of the bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor (BMPR-IA) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Martinez, Eliana/A-4782-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 553 BP U152 EP U152 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956400498 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Varma, RS AF Kim, YJ Varma, RS TI Microwave-assisted preparation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachlorogallate and its catalytic use in acetal formation under mild conditions SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave irradition; tetrachlorogallate ionic liquid; aldehyde; acetal formation ID IONIC LIQUIDS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; CHEMOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; OXIDATIVE CARBONYLATION; ACETALIZATION; ALDEHYDES; IMIDAZOLIUM; EFFICIENT; TETRAHYDROPYRANYLATION; COMPLEXES AB 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachlorogallate, [bmim][GaCl4], prepared via microwave-assisted protocol, is found to be an active catalyst for the efficient acetalization of aldehydes under mild conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 44 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 43 BP 7447 EP 7449 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.059 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 972EQ UT WOS:000232437400038 ER PT J AU Fenton, SE Condon, M Ettinger, AS LaKind, JS Mason, A McDiarmid, M Qian, ZM Selevan, SG AF Fenton, SE Condon, M Ettinger, AS LaKind, JS Mason, A McDiarmid, M Qian, ZM Selevan, SG TI Collection and use of exposure data from human milk biomonitoring in the United States SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY SEP 24-26, 2004 CL Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA HO Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med ID BREAST-MILK; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MAMMARY-GLAND; IN-UTERO; CHILDRENS HEALTH; CRITICAL WINDOWS; INFANT EXPOSURE; CANCER RISK; BODY BURDEN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD AB Human milk is a unique biological matrix that can be used to estimate exposures in both the mother and the breastfed infant. In addition, the presence of environmental chemicals in human milk may act as a sentinel for exposures to a broader population. Several factors play a role in determining the quantity of chemicals transferred to milk and, subsequently, to the breastfeeding infant, including maternal, infant, and chemical characteristics. Exposure to certain environmental chemicals during critical periods can disrupt normal infant development, yet few data exist to quantify the hazards posed by environmental chemicals in human milk. Chemicals measured in human milk may also provide insights to agents suspect in altering breast development and breast-related disease risk. Carefully designed exposure assessment and toxicokinetic studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and establish relationships between human milk and other biologic matrices. Data from human milk biomonitoring studies can be used to inform and validate models that integrate information about chemical properties, human metabolism, and biomarker concentrations. Additional research is needed to determine the degree to which environmental chemicals enter, are present in, and are excreted from human milk, their impact on the host (mother), and the extent of their bioavailability to breastfeeding infants. This article describes how the collection and use of exposure data from human milk biomonitoring in the United States can be designed to inform future research and policy. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Occupat Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effects, Arlington, VA USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-67 NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov NR 88 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 20 BP 1691 EP 1712 DI 10.1080/15287390500225708 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 969ZV UT WOS:000232275900003 PM 16176916 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Brent, RL Dourson, ML Kacew, S Koren, G Sonawane, B Tarzian, AJ Uhl, K AF LaKind, JS Brent, RL Dourson, ML Kacew, S Koren, G Sonawane, B Tarzian, AJ Uhl, K TI Human milk biomonitoring data: Interpretation and risk assessment issues SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY SEP 24-26, 2004 CL Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA HO Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; ACID HEPATIC FATALITIES; PREDICT INFANT EXPOSURE; REFERENCE DOSE RFD; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY; CHLORAMPHENICOL TOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; UNCERTAINTY FACTOR AB Biomonitoring data can, under certain conditions, be used to describe potential risks to human health (for example, blood lead levels used to determine children's neurodevelopmental risk). At present, there are very few chemical exposures at low levels for which sufficient data exist to state with confidence the link between levels of environmental chemicals in a person's body and his or her risk of adverse health effects. Human milk biomonitoring presents additional complications. Human milk can be used to obtain information on both the levels of environmental chemicals in the mother and her infant's exposure to an environmental chemical. However, in terms of the health of the mother, there are little to no extant data that can be used to link levels of most environmental chemicals in human milk to a particular health outcome in the mother. This is because, traditionally, risks are estimated based on dose, rather than on levels of environmental chemicals in the body, and the relationship between dose and human tissue levels is complex. On the other hand, for the infant, some information on dose is available because the infant is exposed to environmental chemicals in milk as a "dose" from which risk estimates can be derived. However, the traditional risk assessment approach is not designed to consider the benefits to the infant associated with breastfeeding and is complicated by the relatively short-term exposures to the infant from breastfeeding. A further complexity derives from the addition of in utero exposures, which complicates interpretation of epidemiological research on health outcomes of breastfeeding infants. Thus, the concept of "risk assessment" as it applies to human milk biomonitoring is not straightforward, and methodologies for undertaking this type of assessment have not yet been fully developed. This article describes the deliberations of the panel convened for the Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the United States, held at the Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, on several issues related to risk assessment and human milk biomonitoring. Discussion of these topics and the thoughts and conclusions of the panel are described in this article. C1 LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, AI duPont Hosp Children, Jefferson Med Coll, Wilmington, DE USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Pharmacol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Hosp Sick Children Mol Toxicol, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Eth & Res Consultant, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Law & Hlth Care Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Pregnancy Labeling Team, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM lakindassoc@comcast.net NR 129 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 20 BP 1713 EP 1769 DI 10.1080/15287390500225724 PG 57 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 969ZV UT WOS:000232275900004 PM 16176917 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM LaKind, JS Fenton, SE Wang, RY Bates, MN Brent, RL Condon, M Crase, BL Dourson, ML Ettinger, AS Foos, B Furst, P Giacoia, GP Goldstein, DA Haynes, SG Hench, KD Kacew, S Koren, G Lawrence, RA Mason, A McDiarmid, MA Moy, G Needham, LL Paul, IM Pugh, LC Qian, ZM Salamone, L Selevan, SG Sonawane, B Tarzian, AJ Tully, MR Uhl, K AF Berlin, CM LaKind, JS Fenton, SE Wang, RY Bates, MN Brent, RL Condon, M Crase, BL Dourson, ML Ettinger, AS Foos, B Furst, P Giacoia, GP Goldstein, DA Haynes, SG Hench, KD Kacew, S Koren, G Lawrence, RA Mason, A McDiarmid, MA Moy, G Needham, LL Paul, IM Pugh, LC Qian, ZM Salamone, L Selevan, SG Sonawane, B Tarzian, AJ Tully, MR Uhl, K TI Conclusions and recommendations of the expert panel: Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the United States SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY SEP 24-26, 2004 CL Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA HO Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AI duPont Hosp Children, Wilmington, DE USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Occupat Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Div Community Hlth Serv, Breastfeeding Initiat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Chem & Vet Control Lab, Munster, Germany. NICHHD, Pediat Pharmacol Res Unit Network, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Womens Hlth, Washington, DC USA. US PHS, Div Perinatal Syst, Rockville, MD USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Womens Hlth Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Pharmacol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Hosp Sick Children Mol Toxicol, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Univ Rochester, Breastfeeding & Human Lactat Study Ctr, Golisano Childrens Hosp, Rochester, NY USA. Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effects, Arlington, VA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. Amer Chem Council, Hlth Prod & Sci Policy Team, Arlington, VA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Eth & Res Consultant, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Law & Hlth Care Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ N Carolina Hlth Care, N Carolina Womens Hosp, Human Milk Banking Associat N Amer, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Pregnancy Labeling Team, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Berlin, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Childrens Hosp,Dept Pediat, MC HO85,POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM cmb6@psu.edu OI Paul, Ian/0000-0002-6344-8609 NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 20 BP 1825 EP 1831 DI 10.1080/15287390500226896 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 969ZV UT WOS:000232275900007 PM 16176920 ER PT J AU Peddada, S Harris, S Zajd, J Harvey, E AF Peddada, S Harris, S Zajd, J Harvey, E TI ORIOGEN: order restricted inference for ordered gene expression data SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB ORIOGEN is a user-friendly Java-based software package for selecting and clustering genes according to their profiles across various treatment groups. In particular, ORIOGEN is useful for analyzing data obtained from time-course or dose-response type experiments. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Constella Grp LLC, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Peddada, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM peddada@niehs.nih.gov RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 NR 3 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 20 BP 3933 EP 3934 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti637 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 974MQ UT WOS:000232596300020 PM 16109745 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF Devesa, V Adair, BM Styblo, M Kenyon, EM Thomas, DJ AF Hughes, MF Devesa, V Adair, BM Styblo, M Kenyon, EM Thomas, DJ TI Tissue dosimetry, metabolism and excretion of pentavalent and trivalent monomethylated arsenic in mice after oral administration SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; monomethylarsenic; dosimetry; metabolism ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; IN-VITRO; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; URINARY-EXCRETION; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; TRIOXIDE UPTAKE; ACID MMA(III); TOXICITY; RATS; PHOSPHATE AB Exposure to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) and monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) can result from their formation as metabolites of inorganic arsenic and by the use of the sodium salts of MMA(V) as herbicides. This study compared the disposition of MMA(V) and MMA(III) in adult female B6C3F1 mice. Mice were gavaged po with MMA(V), either unlabeled or labeled with 14 C at two dose levels (0.4 or 40 mg As/kg). Other mice were dosed po with unlabeled MMA(III) at one dose level (0.4 mg As/kg). Mice were housed in metabolism cages for collection of excreta and sacrificed serially over 24 h for collection of tissues. MMA(V)-derived radioactivity was rapidly absorbed, distributed and excreted. By 8 h post-exposure, 80% of both doses of MMA(V) were eliminated in urine and feces. Absorption of MMA(V) was dose dependent; that is, there was less than a 100-fold difference between the two dose levels in the area under the curves for the concentration-time profiles of arsenic in blood and major organs. In addition, urinary excretion of MMA(V)-derived radioactivity in the low dose group was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in the high dose group. Conversely, fecal excretion of MMA(V)derived radioactivity was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the high dose group than in the low dose group. Speciation of arsenic by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry in urine and tissues of mice administered MMA(V) or MMA(III) found that methylation of MMA(V) was limited while the methylation of MMA(III) was extensive. Less than 10% of the dose excreted in urine of MMA(V)-treated mice was in the form of methylated products, whereas it was greater than 90% for MMA(III)-treated mice. In MMA(V)-treated mice, 25% or less of the tissue arsenic was in the form of dimethylarsenic, whereas in MMA(III)-treated mice, 75% or more of the tissue arsenic was in the form of dimethylarsenic. Based on urinary analysis, administered dose of MMA(V) did not affect the level of its metabolites excreted. In the tested range, dose affects the absorption, distribution and route of excretion of MMA(V) but not its metabolism. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW007057, R03 TW007057-01] NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 2 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.008 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 972DU UT WOS:000232435000011 PM 16183392 ER PT J AU Arora, K Beard, WA Wilson, SH Schlick, T AF Arora, K Beard, WA Wilson, SH Schlick, T TI Mismatch-induced conformational distortions in polymerase support an induced-fit mechanism for fidelity SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPLICATION FIDELITY; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; KINETIC MECHANISM; ACTIVE-SITE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MINOR-GROOVE; I KLENOW; BETA AB Molecular dynamics simulations of DNA polymerase (pol) beta complexed with different incorrect incoming nucleotides (G center dot G, G center dot T, and T center dot T template base-incoming nucleotide combinations) at the template-primer terminus are analyzed to delineate structure-function relationships for aberrant base pairs in a polymerase active site. Comparisons, made to pol beta structure and motions in the presence of a correct base pair, are designed to gain atomically detailed insights into the process of nucleotide selection and discrimination. In the presence of an incorrect incoming nucleotide, alpha-helix N of the thumb subdomain believed to be required for pol beta's catalytic cycling moves toward the open conformation rather than the closed conformation as observed for the correct base pair (G center dot C) before the chemical reaction. Correspondingly, active-site residues in the microenvironment of the incoming base are in intermediate conformations for non-Watson-Crick pairs. The incorrect incoming nucleotide and the corresponding template residue assume distorted conformations and do not form Watson-Crick bonds. Furthermore, the coordination number and the arrangement of ligands observed around the catalytic and nucleotide binding magnesium ions are mismatch specific. Significantly, the crucial nucleotidyl transferase reaction distance (P-alpha-O3') for the mismatches between the incoming nucleotide and the primer terminus is not ideally compatible with the chemical reaction of primer extension that follows these conformational changes. Moreover, the extent of active-site distortion can be related to experimentally determined rates of nucleotide misincorporation and to the overall energy barrier associated with polymerase activity. Together, our studies provide structure-function insights into the DNA polymerase-induced constraints (i.e., alpha-helix N conformation, DNA base pair bonding, conformation of protein residues in the vicinity of dNTP, and magnesium ions coordination) during nucleotide discrimination and pol beta-nucleotide interactions specific to each mispair and how they may regulate fidelity. They also lend further support to our recent hypothesis that additional conformational energy barriers are involved following nucleotide binding but prior to the chemical reaction. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10012 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schlick, T (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM schlick@nyu.edu OI arora, karunesh/0000-0003-3726-5304 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012692]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM55164] NR 68 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 11 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 40 BP 13328 EP 13341 DI 10.1021/bi0507682 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 972OM UT WOS:000232463100011 PM 16201758 ER PT J AU Shekar, SC Rao, KSR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Shekar, SC Rao, KSR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Characterization of palladium supported on gamma-Al2O3 catalysts in hydrodechlorination of CCl2F2 SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodechlorination; TPR-coupled experiments; reduction mechanism; CCl2F2 ID SELECTIVE HYDROGENOLYSIS; CH2F2 HFC-32; ACTIVATED CARBON; CFC-12; DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE; CONVERSION; PD; FLUORIDES; OZONE AB Alumina supported palladium catalysts are prepared by wet impregnation technique with varying Pd loading. The reduced catalysts are tested for their activity and selectivity in the hydrogenolysis Of CCl2F2 to CH2F2. Modified TPR set-up is used to distinguish between halide reduction and carbon reduction and, based on these results, the reduction mechanism of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts is elucidated for both fresh and spent forms of catalysts. TEM revealed that there is a strong re-dispersion of palladium taking place during the reaction. The palladium loading for maximum conversion Of CCl2F2 and yielding for CH2F2 is 8 wt.% Pd on gamma-Al2O3. XRD, TEM and TPR results show that Pd particle size has influence on the CCl2F2 hydrogenolysis activity and selectivity to CH2F2 and CH4. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Catalysis & Phys Chem Div, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, NRMRL, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2005.07.045 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978KY UT WOS:000232873300014 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Selgrade, MK AF Ward, MDW Selgrade, MK TI Benefits and risks in malaria control SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID BIOPESTICIDE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; RESPONSES; MICE C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ward, MDW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5745 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 972TV UT WOS:000232477000018 PM 16210517 ER PT J AU Wallace, L AF Wallace, L TI Real-time measurements of black carbon indoors and outdoors: A comparison of the photoelectric aerosol sensor and the aethalometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR CHANGE RATES; ELEMENTAL CARBON; PARTICULATE MATTER; OCCUPIED TOWNHOUSE; MEXICO-CITY; PM2.5 MASS; PARTICLES; ULTRAFINE; EXHAUST; URBAN AB A real-time instrument employing photoelectric emission has been suggested as a semiquantitative tracer of black carbon (BC). The instrument is known as the Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor (PAS) and has been manufactured in Europe since the 1980s. As a test of this relationship, real-time measurements were made using two models of this instrument side by side with two Aethalometers for one year (1998) and for an additional six months ( December 1999 May 2000) inside and outside an occupied house in Reston, VA. Four sources, two outdoors and two indoors, were investigated. The outdoor sources included automobile traffic and woodburning; the indoor sources included cooking and candle burning. Correlations between the Aethalometer and both models of PAS instruments for three of the four sources ranged from R-2 = 72% to 85%. For cooking, the earlier PAS Model 1001i using mercury vapor as a UV source was correlated with the Aethalometer for broiled foods, but the later PAS Model 2000 using a krypton chloride excimer lamp showed almost no response. When all sources were combined, both the outdoor PAS 2000 and the indoor PAS 1001i correlated with the corresponding Aethalometers (R-2 = 63%, N= 36,558, p < 0.0001; and R-2 = 68%, N = 34,954, p < 0.0001, respectively). Although the precision of the Aethalometer and PAS 2000 was high (4.5% and 5.4%, respectively), and correlations between them fairly good for some sources, the accuracy of both instruments is essentially unknown, due in part to the lack of a standard capable of providing calibrations in the field. There is also an unexplained difference of about a factor of 10 between the PAS 1001i and PAS 2000 models used in this study. The PAS/Aethalometer ratio varies widely across studies, suggesting that both instruments have site-specific and/or source-specific responses. Nonetheless, for certain uses, such as identifying sources, determining indoor-outdoor relationships, mapping diurnal variation, identifying peaks, and measuring personal exposures, the PAS has important advantages. C1 US EPA, Reston, VA USA. RP Wallace, L (reprint author), 11568 Woodhollow Ct, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM lwallace73@comcast.net OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1025 DI 10.1080/02786820500365363 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992AO UT WOS:000233856400011 ER PT J AU Mitchell, LE Weinberg, CR AF Mitchell, LE Weinberg, CR TI Evaluation of offspring and maternal genetic effects on disease risk using a family-based approach: The "pent'' design SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alleles; epidemiologic methods; genotype; linkage disequilibrium; linkage (genetics); models; genetic; models; statistical ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CASE-PARENT TRIADS; 5,10-METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; ASSOCIATION; FETAL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VARIANTS; GENOTYPE; LOCI AB Diseases that develop during gestation may be influenced by the genotype of the mother and the inherited genotype of the embryo/fetus. However, given the correlation between maternal and offspring genotypes, differentiating between inherited and maternal genetic effects is not straightforward. The two-step transmission disequilibrium test was the first, family-based test proposed for the purpose of differentiating between maternal and offspring genetic effects. However, this approach, which requires data from "pents" comprising an affected child, mother, father, and maternal grandparents, provides biased tests for maternal genetic effects when the offspring genotype is associated with disease. An alternative approach based on transmissions from grandparents provides unbiased tests for maternal and offspring genetic effects but requires genotype information for paternal grandparents in addition to pents. The authors have developed two additional, pent-based approaches for the evaluation of maternal and offspring genetic effects. One approach requires the assumption of genetic mating type symmetry (pent-1), whereas the other does not (pent-2). Simulation studies demonstrate that both of these approaches provide valid estimation and testing for offspring and maternal genotypic effects. In addition, the power of the pent-1 approach is comparable with that of the approach based on data using all four grandparents. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mitchell, LE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lmitchell@ibt.tamhsc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NICHD NIH HHS [HD39195, HD39081] NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 7 BP 676 EP 685 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi249 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967PE UT WOS:000232102900010 PM 16093287 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR Umbach, DM AF Weinberg, CR Umbach, DM TI A hybrid design for studying genetic influences on risk of diseases with onset early in life SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CASE-PARENT TRIADS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; RELATIVE RISKS; ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE; TESTS AB Studies of genetic contributions to risk can be family-based, such as the case-parents design, or population-based, such as the case-control design. Both provide powerful inference regarding associations between genetic variants and risks, but both have limitations. The case-control design requires identifying and recruiting appropriate controls, but it has the advantage that nongenctic risk factors like exposures can be assessed. For a condition with an onset early in life, such as a birth defect, one should also genotype the mothers of cases and the mothers of controls to avoid potential confounding due to maternally mediated genetic effects acting on the fetus during gestation. The case-parents approach is less vulnerable than the case-mother/control-mother approach to biases due to population structure and self-selection. The case-parents approach also allows access to epigenetic phenomena like imprinting, but it cannot evaluate the role of nongenetic cofactors like exposures. We propose a hybrid design based on augmenting a set of affected individuals and their parents with a set of unaffected, unrelated individuals and their parents. The affected individuals and their parents are all genotyped, whereas only the parents of unaffected individuals are genotyped, although exposures are ascertained for both affected and unaffected offspring. The proposed hybrid design, through log-linear, likelihood-based analysis, allows estimation of the relative risk parameters, can provide more power than either the case-parents approach or the case-mother/control-mother approach, permits straightforward likelihood-ratio tests for bias due to mating asymmetry or population stratification, and admits valid alternative analyses when mating is asymmetric or when population stratification is detected. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinber2@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 19 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 77 IS 4 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1086/496900 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 967QS UT WOS:000232106900010 PM 16175508 ER PT J AU Wallace, L AF Wallace, L TI Ultrafine particles from a vented gas clothes dryer SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ultrafine particles; clothes dryer; source strength; vented gas appliance ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; TOBACCO-SMOKE PARTICLES; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; IN-VIVO; SUBMICROMETER PARTICLES; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; PULMONARY RESPONSES; OCCUPIED TOWNHOUSE AB Ultrafine particles (similar to 10-100nm) were measured continuously for 18 months in an occupied townhouse. A major source was determined to be the gas clothes dryer. Although the dryer was vented to the outdoors it consistently produced an order of magnitude increase in the ultrafine concentrations compared to times with no indoor sources. Short-term peak number concentrations exceeded 100,000cm(-3) on a number of occasions. The source strength was conservatively estimated at about 6 x 10(12) ultrafine particles produced per drying episode. These values are underestimates, since the part of the peak below 9.8nm was not measured. Averaged over 150h of operation, the number concentration showed a major peak at the smallest size measured (9.8nm) and a secondary peak at 30 nm. Loss rates of the ultrafines due to diffusion, deposition, and particle growth (1-2 h(-1)) were high compared to losses due to air exchange (0.1-0.6 h(-1)). Considering the reported health effects of ultrafines, the widespread use of gas dryers, and the substantial amount of time that gas dryers are operated in many homes, it may be desirable to carry out further research to determine if the results reported here for a single dryer in one home are reproducible under different conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Wallace, L (reprint author), US EPA, 11568 Woodhallow Court, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM lwallace73@comcast.net OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 74 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 39 IS 32 BP 5777 EP 5786 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2005.03.050 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972DW UT WOS:000232435200001 ER PT J AU Henderson, AP Bleasdale, C Delaney, K Lindstrom, AB Rappaport, SM Waidyanatha, S Watson, WP Golding, BT AF Henderson, AP Bleasdale, C Delaney, K Lindstrom, AB Rappaport, SM Waidyanatha, S Watson, WP Golding, BT TI Evidence for the formation of Michael adducts from reactions of (E,E)-muconaldehyde with glutathione and other thiols SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (E,E)-muconaldehyde; glutathione; isomerization; thiols adducts; benzene ID BENZENE OXIDE; MUCONIC ACID; TRANS,TRANS-MUCONIC ACID; METABOLISM; MUCONALDEHYDE; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIAL; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; ISOMERS AB Glutathione induces the rapid isomerization of (Z,Z)-muconaldehyde to (E,E)-muconaldehyde via (E,Z)-muconaldehyde, probably via reversible Michael addition of the thiol to one of the enal moieties of the muconaldehyde. Reactions of (E,E)-muconaldehyde with glutathione (in the presence and absence of equine glutathione S-transferase), phenylmethanethiol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester were investigated using mass spectrometric techniques. In each case, evidence was obtained for the formation of Michael adducts, e.g., reaction between (E,E)-muconaldehyde and glutathione gave 4-glutathionyl-hex-2-enedial and 3,4-bis-glutathionyl-hexanedial. These experiments suggest that (Z,Z)-muconaldehyde, a putative metabolite of benzene, could lead to the long established urinary metabolite of benzene, (E,E)-muconic acid, via glutathione-mediated isomerization to (E,E)-muconaldehyde. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Nat Sci Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield SK10 4TJ, Cheshire, England. RP Henderson, AP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alistair@email.unc.edu; b.t.golding@ncl.ac.uk NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2005.05.004 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 975RV UT WOS:000232680500002 PM 16005934 ER PT J AU Grasty, RC Bjork, JA Wallace, KB Lau, CS Rogers, JM AF Grasty, RC Bjork, JA Wallace, KB Lau, CS Rogers, JM TI Effects of prenatal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure on lung maturation in the perinatal rat SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFOS; neonatal mortality; lung; surfactant ID CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC-HERNIA; ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; RETINOIC ACID; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; HUMAN BLOOD; FETAL-RAT; SURFACTANT; DEXAMETHASONE AB BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), found widely in wildlife and humans, is environmentally and metabolically stable. Environmental PFOS may be from its use as a surfactant, hydrolysis of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride, and degradation of N-alkyl-perfluorooctanesulfonamide compounds formerly used in numerous applications. Prenatal exposure to PFOS in rodents causes neonatal mortality; treatment on gestation days (GD) 19-20 is sufficient to induce neonatal death in rats. Affected pups are born alive but present with labored breathing. Their lungs are pale and often do not expand fully on perfusion. METHODS: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received 0, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day PFOS/K+ orally on GD 19-20. Lungs from GD 21 fetuses and neonates were prepared for histology and morphometry. Rescue experiments included co-administration of dexamethasone or retinyl palmitate with PFOS. Pulmonary surfactant was investigated with mass spectrometry in GD 21 amniotic fluid and neonatal lungs. Microarray analysis was carried out on PND 0 lungs. RESULTS: Histologically, alveolar walls were thicker in lungs of PFOS-exposed newborns compared to controls. The ratio of solid tissue:small airway was increased, suggesting immaturity. Rescue studies were ineffective. Phospholipid concentrations and molecular speciation were unaffected by PFOS. No changes in markers of alveolar differentiation were detected by microarray analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Morphometric changes in lungs of PFOS exposed neonates were suggestive of immaturity, but the failure of rescue agents and normal pulmonary surfactant profile indicate that the labored respiration and mortality observed in PFOS-treated neonates was not due to lung immaturity. C1 US EPA, ReprodToxicol Div, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Rogers, JM (reprint author), US EPA, ReprodToxicol Div, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rogers.john@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07126]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM08581] NR 66 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 74 IS 5 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20059 PG 12 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 981EI UT WOS:000233069800004 PM 16249997 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Faust, CL Freeman, MC Meyer, JL AF Roy, AH Faust, CL Freeman, MC Meyer, JL TI Reach-scale effects of riparian forest cover on urban stream ecosystems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WATER-QUALITY; URBANIZATION; USA; COMMUNITIES; PERIPHYTON AB We compared habitat and biota between paired open and forested reaches within five small streams (basin area 10-20 km(2)) in suburban catchments (9%-49% urban land cover) in the Piedmont of Georgia, USA. Stream reaches with open canopies were narrower than forested reaches (4.1 versus 5.0 m, respectively). There were no differences in habitat diversity (variation in velocity, depth, or bed particle size) between open and forested reaches. However, absence of local forest cover corresponded to decreased large wood and increased algal chlorophyll a standing crop biomass. These differences in basal food resources translated into higher densities of fishes in open (9.0 individuals center dot m(-2)) versus forested (4.9 individuals center dot m(-2)) reaches, primarily attributed to higher densities of the herbivore Campostoma oligolepis. Densities of terrestrial invertebrate inputs were higher in open reaches; however, trends suggested higher biomass of terrestrial inputs in forested reaches and a corresponding higher density of terrestrial prey consumed by water column feeding fishes. Reach-scale biotic integrity (macroinvertebrates, salamanders, and fishes) was largely unaffected by differences in canopy cover. In urbanizing areas where catchment land cover drives habitat and biotic quality, management practices that rely exclusively on forested riparian areas for stream protection are unlikely to be effective at maintaining ecosystem integrity. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Cedar Shoals High Sch, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environm Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov OI Faust, Christina L./0000-0002-8824-7424 NR 60 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 10 BP 2312 EP 2329 DI 10.1139/F05-135 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978EJ UT WOS:000232856100014 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Mamidipally, P Peng, M Vane, LM AF Liu, SX Mamidipally, P Peng, M Vane, LM TI Concentration polarization analysis at the entrance region of a flat sheet pervaporation module for VOC removal SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; concentration polarization; boundary layer theory; VOC removal; gydrodynamic entrance region; mass transfer modeling and simulation ID SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; NAFION MEMBRANE; WATER; SEPARATION; METHANOL; ORGANICS AB Concentration polarization is a phenomenon that is inherent in all membrane separation processes, which is difficult if not impossible to measure experimentally. Concentration polarization in a pervaporation module causes flux decline and is therefore an important issue in predicting the performance of the membrane unit for evaluation and optimization. Short-form (small L/D ratio) membrane configurations, commonly used for membrane evaluations or certain material separations, compound the complexity of process modeling that addresses concentration polarization since a substantial portion of the membrane flow channel would be considered as an "entrance region" based on the flow profile that is not fully developed. This article employed the classic boundary layer theory, combined with mass transfer phenomena in a pervaporation process that is used in volatile organic compound (VOC) removal from contaminated water sources, to theoretically analyze the concentration polarization severity in the entrance region of a flat sheet membrane module. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM liu@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 192 IS 10-12 BP 1386 EP 1404 DI 10.1080/009864490517214 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 967QJ UT WOS:000232106000010 ER PT J AU Flaherty, CM Dodson, SI AF Flaherty, CM Dodson, SI TI Effects of pharmaceuticals on Daphnia survival, growth, and reproduction SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bioassay; Daphnia; pharmaceuticals; hormesis; sex ratio ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SEX DETERMINATION; HUMAN HEALTH; WASTE-WATER; DRUGS; PULEX; MAGNA; ZOOPLANKTON AB Pharmaceuticals have been globally detected in surface waters, and the ecological impacts of these biologically-active, ubiquitous chemicals are largely unknown. To evaluate the aquatic toxicity of individual pharmaceuticals and mixtures, we performed single species laboratory toxicity tests with Daphnia magna, a common freshwater zooplankton. We conducted acute (6-day) and chronic (30-day) exposure pharmaceutical bioassays and evaluated survivorship and morphology of adults and neonates, adult length, resting egg production, brood size (fecundity), and the proportion of male broods produced (sex ratio). In general, exposure to a single pharmaceutical in the 1-100 mu g/l range yielded no apparent effects on the normal life processes of Daphnia. However, chronic fluoxetine exposure (36 mu g/l) significantly increased Daphnia fecundity, and acute clofibric acid exposure (10 mu g/l) significantly increased sex ratio. A mixture of fluoxetine (36 mu g/l) and clofibric acid (100 mu g/l) caused significant mortality; the same fluoxetine concentration mixed with 10 mu g/l clofibric acid resulted in significant deformities, including malformed carapaces and swimming setae. Mixtures of three to five antibiotics (total antibiotic concentration 30-500 mu g/l) elicited changes in Daphnia sex ratio. We conclude: (1) individual and mixtures of pharmaceuticals affect normal development and reproduction of Daphnia magna, (2) aquatic toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures can be unpredictable and complex compared to individual pharmaceutical effects, and (3) timing and duration of pharmaceutical exposure influence aquatic toxicity. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW Mail Code 7507C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM flaherty.colleen@epa.gov NR 46 TC 142 Z9 152 U1 6 U2 100 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 973BU UT WOS:000232498700007 PM 16168743 ER PT J AU Pyke, CR Marty, J AF Pyke, CR Marty, J TI Cattle grazing mediates climate change impacts on ephemeral wetlands SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma californiense; branchiopod; California Central Valley; California tiger salamander; impact assessment; land management; vernal pools ID CENTRAL VALLEY; VERNAL POOLS; HABITAT LOSS; CALIFORNIA; PRAIRIE; LAND; USA; ECOSYSTEM AB Climate change impacts depend in large part on land-management decisions; interactions between global changes and local resource management, however, rarely have been quantified. We used a combination of experimental manipulations and simulation modeling to investigate the effects of interactions between cattle grazing and regional climate change on vernal pool communities. Data from a grazing exclosure study indicated that 3 years after the removal of grazing, ungrazed vernal pools dried an average of 50 days per year earlier than grazed control pools. Modeling showed that regional climate change could also alter vernal pool hydrology. Increased temperatures and winter precipitation were predicted to increase periods of inundation. We evaluated the ecological implications of interactions between grazing and climate change for branchiopods and the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) at four sites spanning a latitudinal climate gradient. Grazing played an important role in maintaining the suitability of vernal pool hydrological conditions for fairy shrimp and salamander reproduction. The ecological importance of the interaction varied nonlinearly across the region. Our results show that grazing can confound hydrologic changes driven by climate change and play a critical role in maintaining the hydrologic suitability of vernal pools for endangered aquatic invertebrates and amphibians. These observations suggest an important limitation of impact assessments of climate change based on experiments in unmanaged ecosystems. The biophysical impacts of land management may be critical for understanding the vulnerability of ecological systems to climate change. C1 Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Nature Conservancy, Cosumnes River Preserve, Galt, CA 95632 USA. RP Pyke, CR (reprint author), US EPA, Global Change Res Program, ORD, MC 8601 N,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM pyke.chris@epa.gov NR 31 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1619 EP 1625 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00233.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968BW UT WOS:000232137900031 ER PT J AU Seed, J Carney, EW Corley, RA Crofton, KM DeSesso, JM Foster, PMD Kavlock, R Kimmel, G Klaunig, J Meek, ME Preston, RJ Slikker, W Tabacova, S Williams, GM Wiltse, J Zoeller, RT Fenner-Crisp, P Patton, DE AF Seed, J Carney, EW Corley, RA Crofton, KM DeSesso, JM Foster, PMD Kavlock, R Kimmel, G Klaunig, J Meek, ME Preston, RJ Slikker, W Tabacova, S Williams, GM Wiltse, J Zoeller, RT Fenner-Crisp, P Patton, DE TI Overview: Using mode of action and life stage information to evaluate the human relevance of animal toxicity data SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE developmental window; human relevance framework; noncancer modes of action; risk assessment ID FRAMEWORK AB A complete mode of action human relevance analysis-as distinct from mode of action (MOA) analysis alone-depends on robust information on the animal MOA, as well as systematic comparison of the animal data with corresponding information from humans. In November 2003, the International Life Sciences Institute's Risk Science Institute (ILSI RSI) published a 2-year study using animal and human MOA information to generate a four-part Human Relevance Framework (HRF) for systematic and transparent analysis of MOA data and information. Based mainly on non-DNA-reactive carcinogens, the HRF features a "concordance" analysis of MOA information from both animal and human sources, with a focus on determining the appropriate role for each MOA data set in human risk assessment. With MOA information increasingly available for risk assessment purposes, this article illustrates the further applicability of the HRF for reproductive, developmental, neurologic, and renal endpoints, as well as cancer. Based on qualitative and quantitative MOA considerations, the MOA/human relevance analysis also contributes to identifying data needs and issues essential for the dose-response and exposure assessment steps in the overall risk assessment. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Patton, DE (reprint author), ILSI Risk Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM dpatton@ilsi.org RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 7 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 663 EP 672 DI 10.1080/10408440591007133 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100001 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ Williams, GM AF Preston, RJ Williams, GM TI DNA-reactive carcinogens: Mode of action and human cancer hazard SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aflatoxin B-1; cell proliferation; dichloromethane; human relevance; mutations; tumors ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; HUMAN LIVER-CANCER; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; AFLATOXIN B-1; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; DIETARY AFLATOXINS; RAT-LIVER; METABOLISM AB It has been known for decades that mutagenicity plays an important role in the activity of most carcinogens. This mutagenicity can result from direct damage to DNA through a chemical being DNA reactive or from indirect effects, such as through the production of oxygen radicals that then react with DNA. This article presents a set of key events whereby DNA reactivity initiates the process of carcinogenicity that leads to the subsequent mutation induction and enhanced cell proliferation that ultimately results in tumor development. This set of key events for DNA-reactive chemicals was applied to two case studies (aflatoxin B, and dichloromethane) with the aim of assessing the utility of the Human Relevance Framework (HRF) for this class of chemicals. The conclusions were that the HRF was a viable approach for the use of mechanistic data for DNA-reactive chemicals obtained from both laboratory animals and human cells in vivo and in vitro for predicting human carcinogenicity. In the case of allatoxin B-1, the HRF could be used to predict that carcinogenicity in humans was a likely outcome. In contrast, the HRF predicted that the human carcinogenic potential of dichloromethane was at best less likely than in rodents; this conclusion was supported by the available epidemiological data. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, MD B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 59 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1080/10408440591007278 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100002 PM 16417034 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Cummings, A AF Kavlock, R Cummings, A TI Mode of action: Reduction of testosterone availability - Molinate-induced inhibition of spermatogenesis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE androgen deprivation; fertility; high-density lipoprotein; human relevance; rat; reproductive toxicity; steroidogenesis ID REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RAT; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM AB Molinate is a preemergent herbicide that has been demonstrated to affect reproduction in the rat via alterations in sperm production. A wealth of standard toxicological studies and targeted research efforts relating to this adverse effect is available, and these were used to evaluate the utility of the Human Relevance Framework (HRF) for noncancer health effects. The hypothesized mode of action involved inhibition of the hydrolysis of cholesterol from high-density lipoprotein in the rat testes, followed by an androgen withdrawal syndrome on spermatogenesis. Some evidence is available that a similar mode of action would not be operable in humans. Despite the wealth of studies conducted in the rat, the weight of evidence is insufficient to define the mode of action for reproductive toxicity in the male rat. A principal deficiency in the database was discordance between the exposure levels observed to cause biochemical disturbances in the testes related to the hypothesized mode of action and the dose levels observed to induce the adverse outcome on spermatogenesis. For this reason, a complete MOA/human relevance analysis is not possible and, based on traditional risk assessment principles, any toxic effects are assumed to be relevant for human risk assessment. C1 US EPA, Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Computat Toxicol, B-205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kavlock.robert@epa.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1080/10408440591007386 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100003 PM 16417035 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Cummings, A AF Kavlock, R Cummings, A TI Mode of action: Inhibition of androgen receptor function - Vinclozolin-induced malformations in reproductive development SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE birth defects; flutamide; human relevance; reproductive toxicity; testosterone; TRPM-3 ID FUNGICIDE VINCLOZOLIN; IN-VITRO; MALE-RAT; DEPENDENT TISSUES; EXPOSURE; ANTIANDROGEN; METABOLITES; DIFFERENTIATION; INSENSITIVITY; ANTAGONIST AB Vinclozollin is a fungicide that has been shown to cause Leydig cell tumors and atrophy of the accessory sex glands in adult rodents. In addition, exposure of rats during pregnancy causes a pattern of malformations in the male urogenital tract. A wealth of standard toxicological studies and targeted research efforts is available related to this adverse effect, and these were used to evaluate the Human Relevance Framework (HRF) for noncancer health effects. Vinclozolin and two of its metabolites, designated M1 and M2, have been shown to bind and inhibit the function of the rat and human androgen receptor. Other means of interfering with androgen receptor function (e.g., by exposure to the pharmaceutical agent flutamide) lead to similar adverse health outcomes. There is direct in vivo evidence in the rat prostate that androgen-dependent gene expression changes occur after exposure to vinclozolin. There are no proposed alternatives to the androgen receptor-mediated mode of action. Based on what is known about kinetic and dynamic factors, confidence is high that the animal mode of action (MOA) for vinclozolin-induced malformation of the male reproductive tract is highly plausible in humans. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, B-205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kavlock.robert@epa.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1080/10408440591007377 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100007 PM 16417039 ER PT J AU Wiltse, J AF Wiltse, J TI Mode of action: Inhibition of histone deacetylase, altering WNT-dependent gene expression, and regulation of beta-catenin - Developmental effects of valproic acid SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE human developmental toxicity; human relevance; neural tube defects; spina bifida; Wnt signaling pathway ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; SODIUM VALPROATE; FOLINIC ACID; MOUSE MODEL; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT; MOOD STABILIZERS; TERATOGENICITY; TOXICITY AB Valproic acid (VPA) has long been known to cause spina bifida, a neural tube defect, and other effects in fetuses of women treated with this drug. Toxicological tests in laboratory mice and rats at human therapeutic doses also show neural tube and other defects. Studies show that VPA alters Wnt signaling in human and animal cells, inducing Wnt-dependent gene expression at doses that cause developmental effects. Structural analogues of VPA that do not have this effect on Wnt signaling do not cause developmental effects. Similarly, Trichostatin A, a compound that mimics VPA in its effects on Wnt gene expression, also causes similar developmental effects. Alteration of Wnt signaling is empirically well supported as the postulated mode of action (MOA) for VPA's developmental effects in animals. VPA causes alteration of Wnt signaling in both human and animal cells systems at the same dose levels. The correspondence of effects on signaling and of effects on development in animals and humans supports the view that alteration of Wnt signaling is a relevant MOA in humans. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wiltse, J (reprint author), ILSI Risk Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM dpatton@ilsi.org NR 57 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 727 EP 738 DI 10.1080/10408440591007403 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100008 PM 16417040 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM Zoeller, RT AF Crofton, KM Zoeller, RT TI Mode of action: Neurotoxicity induced by thyroid hormone disruption during development - Hearing loss resulting from exposure to PHAHs SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE hepatic glucuronidation; human relevance; ototoxicity; polychlorinated biphenyls; thyroxine ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; HUMAN-LIVER-MICROSOMES; RAT-BRAIN; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; DIPHENYL ETHERS; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES; TRIIODOTHYRONINE T-3; XENOBIOTIC RECEPTOR AB An increasing incorporation of mode of action (MOA) information into risk assessments has led to examination of animal MOAs to determine relevance to humans. We examined a specific MOA for developmental neurotoxicity using the MOA/Human Relevance Framework (Meek et al., 2003). The postulated MOA of ototoxicity in rats involves early postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via lactation, an upregulation of hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferases (UGTs), and subsequent hypothyroxinemia during a critical period of cochlear development, with the ultimate neurotoxic consequence of hearing loss. This review concludes with high confidence in the animal MOA and medium confidence for the interspecies concordance for the key events in the MOA. Possible interspecies differences in toxicodynamic factors moderate confidence in some key events. In addition, there is a question of whether ambient human exposures are large enough to cause human fetal hypothyroxinemia to the degree needed to cause hearing loss. Data gaps identified by this analysis include a need to characterize the induciblity of human fetal UGTs and the comparative sensitivity of UGT induction by xenobiotics in rats and humans. Research on these areas of uncertainty will increase confidence that this MOA for PCBs is not likely to not occur in humans, assuming normal conditions of limited ambient exposure. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 113 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 757 EP 769 DI 10.1080/10408440591007304 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100011 PM 16417043 ER PT J AU Zoeller, RT Crofton, KM AF Zoeller, RT Crofton, KM TI Mode of action: Developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency - Neurological abnormalities resulting from exposure to propylthiouracil SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE brain development; human relevance; propylthiouracil; thyroid hormone ID FETAL-RAT BRAIN; STEROID-BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; GRAVES-DISEASE; INTELLECTUAL-DEVELOPMENT; THYROXINE TREATMENT; NONGENOMIC ACTIONS; ENDEMIC CRETINISM; IN-VIVO AB Because thyroid hormone is essential for normal brain development before and after birth, environmental chemicals that interfere with thyroid hormone signaling can adversely affect brain development. Adverse consequences of thyroid hormone insufficiency depend both on severity and developmental timing, indicating that environmental antithyroid factors may produce different effects at different developmental windows of exposure. Mechanistic studies can provide important insight into the potential impact of chemicals on human thyroid function, but relevance to humans must be systematically evaluated. This kind of analysis depends on data sets that include information about animals and humans. The drug 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) is used in animals to experimentally manipulate serum thyroid hormone levels, and in humans to treat patients, including pregnant women, with Graves' disease. A systematic analysis of the mode of action (MOA) of PTU in rats and in humans discloses similar modes of action. While the analysis predicts that PTU doses that produce thyroid hormone insufficiency in humans would adversely affect the developing brain, careful monitoring of PTU administration in pregnant and lactating humans keeps infant serum thyroid hormone levels within the normal range. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01033 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01033 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 121 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8-9 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1080/10408440591007313 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 993UH UT WOS:000233980100012 PM 16417044 ER PT J AU Rastetter, EB Kwiatkowski, BL McKane, RB AF Rastetter, EB Kwiatkowski, BL McKane, RB TI A stable isotope simulator that can be coupled to existing mass balance models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE C-13; food web model; Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA; isotope dynamics; isotope simulation; mass balance model; N-15; nitrogen cycle; stable isotopes ID ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; CARBON ISOTOPES; MIXING MODELS; NITROGEN; PINE; DYNAMICS; TRACERS; SULFUR; GROWTH AB To facilitate the simulation of isotope dynamics in ecosystems, we developed software to model changes in the isotopic signatures of the stocks of an element using the output from any parent model that specifies the stocks and flux rates of that element based on a mass balance approach. The software alleviates the need to recode the parent model to incorporate isotopes. This parent model can be a simple mass balance spreadsheet of the system. The isotopic simulations use a linear, donor-controlled approximation of the fluxes in the parent model, which are updated for each time step. These approximations are based on the output of the parent model, so no modifications to the parent model are required. However, all fluxes provided to the simulator must be gross fluxes, and the user must provide the initial isotopic signature for all stocks, the fractionation associated with each flux, and the isotopic signature of any flux originating from outside the system. We illustrate the use of the simulator with two examples. The first is based on a model of the carbon and nitrogen mass balance in an eight-species food web. We examine the consequences of using the steady-state assumption implicit in multi-source mixing models often used to map food webs based on C-13 and N-15 . We also use the simulator to analyze a pulse chase N-15-labeling experiment based on a spreadsheet model of the nitrogen cycle at the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research site. We examine the constraints on net vs. gross N mineralization that are necessary to match the observed changes in the isotopic signatures of the forest N stocks. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Rastetter, EB (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM erastett@mbl.edu OI Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1772 EP 1782 DI 10.1890/04-0643 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970PR UT WOS:000232322600023 ER PT J AU Ferraro, PJ Simpson, RD AF Ferraro, PJ Simpson, RD TI Cost-effective conservation when eco-entrepreneurs have market power SO ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS; PAYMENTS AB International conservation investments are often made in the form of subsidies to purportedly eco-friendly enterprises rather than as payments conditional on habitat protection. Previous research demonstrated that direct payments for habitat protection are more cost effective than indirect subsidies for the acquisition of complementary inputs used in eco-friendly enterprises. In contrast to this earlier research, we assume in this paper that an 'eco-entrepreneur' may have market power. Market power is shown to compound the advantage of direct payments. Through a simple numerical example, we show that subsidies intended to achieve habitat conservation by encouraging the acquisition of complementary inputs can be spectacularly inefficient. In some cases it would be cheaper simply to buy the land outright. In other plausible cases, the indirect subsidy approach would simply be unable to achieve habitat conservation objectives no matter how much funding were available. C1 Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ferraro, PJ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Dept Econ, POB 3992, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1355-770X J9 ENVIRON DEV ECON JI Environ. Dev. Econ. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 10 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1017/S1355770X05002378 PN 5 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 979AB UT WOS:000232913400005 ER PT J AU Glatt, CM Ouyang, M Welsh, W Green, JW Connor, JO Frame, SR Everds, NE Poindexter, G Snajdr, S Delker, DA AF Glatt, CM Ouyang, M Welsh, W Green, JW Connor, JO Frame, SR Everds, NE Poindexter, G Snajdr, S Delker, DA TI Molecular characterization of thyroid toxicity: Anchoring gene expression profiles to biochemical and pathologic end points SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE excess iodide; gene expression; microarrays; oxidative stress; phenobarbital; propylthiouracil; thyroid; Writ signaling ID FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; BETA-CATENIN; IODINE DEFICIENCY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IN-VITRO; GLAND; KINASE; RATS; ACTIVATION; HORMONE AB Organic iodides have been shown to induce thyroid hypertrophy and increase alterations in colloid in rats, although the mechanism involved in this toxicity is unclear. To evaluate the effect that free iodide has on thyroid toxicity, we exposed rats for 2 weeks by daily gavage to sodium iodide (NaI). To compare the effects of compounds with alternative mechanisms (increased thyroid hormone metabolism and decreased thyroid hormone synthesis, respectively), we also examined phenobarbital (PB) and propylthiouracil (PTU) as model thyroid toxicants. Follicular cell hypertrophy and pale-staining colloid were present in thyroid glands from PB-treated rats, and more severe hypertrophy/colloid changes along with diffuse hyperplasia were present in thyroid glands from PTU-treated rats. In PB- and PTU-treated rats, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly elevated, and both thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormone levels were significantly decreased. PB induced hepatic uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) activity almost 2-fold, whereas PTU reduced hepatic 5'-deiodinase I (5'-DI) activity to < 10% of control in support of previous reports regarding the mechanism of action of each chemical. NaI also significantly altered liver weights and UDPGT activity but did not affect thyroid hormone levels or thyroid pathology. Thyroid gene expression analyses using Affymetrix U34A GeneChips, a regularized t-test, and Gene Map Annotator and Pathway Profiler demonstrated significant changes in rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptor transcripts from all chemicals tested. NaI demonstrated dose-dependent changes in multiple oxidative stress-related genes, as also determined by principal component and linear regression analyses. Differential transcript profiles, possibly relevant to rodent follicular cell tumor outcomes, were observed in rats exposed to PB and PTU, including genes involved in Writ signaling and ribosomal protein expression. C1 DuPont Haskell Lab, Newark, DE USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Inst Informat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Delker, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, 109 TW Alexander Dr B146-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM delker.don@epa.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 113 IS 10 BP 1354 EP 1361 DI 10.1289/ehp.7690 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 970GF UT WOS:000232292600041 PM 16203246 ER PT J AU Kimmel, CA Collman, GW Fields, N Eskenazi, B AF Kimmel, CA Collman, GW Fields, N Eskenazi, B TI Lessons learned for the national children's study from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/US Environmental Protection Agency Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; autism; children; environmental health; National Children's Study; NIEHS/EPA Children's Centers; obesity; pregnancy ID PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; TOBACCO-SMOKE; POPULATION; BLOOD AB This mini-monograph was developed to highlight the experiences of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research, focusing particularly on several areas of interest for the National Children's Study. These include general methodologic issues for conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies and community-based participatory research and for measuring air pollution exposures, pesticide exposures, asthma, and neuro-behavioral toxicity. Rather than a detailed description of the studies in each of the centers, this series of articles is intended to provide information on the practicalities of conducting such intensive studies and the lessons learned. This explication of lessons learned provides an outstanding opportunity for the planners of the National Children's Study to draw on past experiences that provide information on what has and has not worked when studying diverse multiracial and multi-ethnic groups of children with unique urban and rural exposures. The Children's Centers have addressed and overcome many hurdles in their efforts to understand the link between environmental exposures and health outcomes as well as interactions between exposures and a variety of social and cultural factors. Some of the major lessons learned include the critical importance of long-term studies for assessing the full range of developmental consequences of environmental exposures, recognition of the unique challenges presented at different life stages for both outcome and exposure measurement, and the importance of ethical issues that must be dealt with in a changing medical and legal environment. It is hoped that these articles will be of value to others who are embarking on studies of children's environmental health. C1 NICHHD, Natl Childrens Study, US EPA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kimmel, CA (reprint author), NICHHD, Natl Childrens Study, US EPA, 3100 Execut Blve,Suite 5C01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kimmelca@mail.nih.gov RI Reis, Aline/G-9573-2012 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 113 IS 10 BP 1414 EP 1418 DI 10.1289/ehp.7669 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 970GF UT WOS:000232292600052 PM 16203257 ER PT J AU Israel, BA Parker, EA Rowe, Z Salvatore, A Minkler, M Lopez, J Butz, A Mosley, A Coates, L Lambert, G Potito, PA Brenner, B Rivera, M Romero, H Thompson, B Coronado, G Halstead, S AF Israel, BA Parker, EA Rowe, Z Salvatore, A Minkler, M Lopez, J Butz, A Mosley, A Coates, L Lambert, G Potito, PA Brenner, B Rivera, M Romero, H Thompson, B Coronado, G Halstead, S TI Community-based participatory research: Lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children's health; collaborative research; community-based participatory research; partnership ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; INNER-CITY CHILDREN; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; TOBACCO-SMOKE; ASTHMA; PARTNERSHIP; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; POLLUTANTS AB Over the past several decades there has been growing evidence of the increase in incidence rates, morbidity, and mortality for a number of health problems experienced by children. The causation and aggravation of these problems are complex and multifactorial. The burden of these health problems and environmental exposures is borne disproportionately by children from low-income communities and communities of color. Researchers and funding institutions have called for increased attention to the complex issues that affect the health of children living in marginalized communities-and communities more broadly and have suggested greater community involvement in processes that shape research and intervention approaches, for example, through community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships among academic, health services, public health, and community-based organizations. Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (Children's Centers) funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, were required to include a CBPR project. The purpose of this article is to provide a definition and set of CBPR principles, to describe the rationale for and major benefits of using this approach, to draw on the experiences of six of the Children's Centers in using CBPR, and to provide lessons learned and recommendations for how to successfully establish and maintain CBPR partnerships aimed at enhancing our understanding and addressing the multiple determinants of children's health. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Rural Legal Assistance, Salinas, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gen Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. Off Commun Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Dr Bernard Harris Sr Elementary Sch, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Ctr Childhood Neurotoxicol & Exposure Assessment, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. COSAC, Ewing, NJ USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Mt Sinai Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth & Dis Preven, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Boriken Neighborhood Hlth Ctr, New York, NY USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Prosser, WA USA. RP Israel, BA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM samanj@umich.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES009584, ES009601, ES009605, ES009606, ES011256, ES09589, P01 ES009584, P01 ES009589, P01 ES009601, P01 ES009605, P01 ES009606, P01 ES011256] NR 47 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 30 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 113 IS 10 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1289/ehp.7675 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 970GF UT WOS:000232292600058 PM 16203263 ER PT J AU Windal, I Denison, MS Birnbaum, LS Van Wouwe, N Baeyens, W Goeyens, L AF Windal, I Denison, MS Birnbaum, LS Van Wouwe, N Baeyens, W Goeyens, L TI Chemically activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) cell bioassay analysis for the estimation of dioxin-like activity: Critical parameters of the CALUX procedure that impact assay results SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; IN-VITRO BIOASSAY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AH RECEPTOR AGONISTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BLOOD-PLASMA; VALIDATION; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY AB The chemically activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) in vitro cell bioassay is a bioanalytical tool that is increasingly being used by research and commercial laboratories for the screening and relative quantification of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in sample extracts. Since CALUX analyses provide a biological response to all aryl hydrocarbon receptor active compounds present in a given sample extract containing a complex mixture of chemicals, interpretation of results is significantly more complex than of chemical analyses. Operators in the laboratory can adjust many parameters when performing CALUX analyses, and the applied procedure strongly affects the result and, hence, the interpretation of the results. This paper examines critical methodological parameters and aspects of the CALUX bioassay that can affect the quality and accuracy of the analyses. Moreover, the study aims to identify the ways that a Iteration of these parameters influences CALUX measurements. A greater understanding of these characteristics will lead to increased accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of the widely used CALUX bioassay within and between research laboratories. C1 Sci Inst Publ Hlth, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Windal, I (reprint author), Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Rue J Wytsman 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM isabelle.windal@iph.fgov.be OI Baeyens, Willy/0000-0002-5281-903X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04699] NR 61 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 7357 EP 7364 DI 10.1021/es0504993 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UJ UT WOS:000232410000012 PM 16245802 ER PT J AU Magnuson, ML Speth, TF AF Magnuson, ML Speth, TF TI Quantitative structure - Property relationships for enhancing predictions of synthetic organic chemical removal from drinking water by granular activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PESTICIDE ADSORPTION; MATTER; QSAR; QSPR; GAC; DESCRIPTORS; SUBSTANCES; CHEMISTRY; ADSORBERS AB Granular activated carbon is a frequently explored technology for removing synthetic organic contaminants from drinking water sources. The success of this technology relies on a number of factors based not only on the adsorptive properties of the contaminant but also on properties of the water itself, notably the presence of substances in the water which compete for adsorption sites. Because it is impractical to perform field-scale evaluations for all possible contaminants, the pore surface diffusion model (PSDM) has been developed and used to predict activated carbon column performance using single-solute isotherm data as inputs. Many assumptions are built into this model to account for kinetics of adsorption and competition for adsorption sites. This work further evaluates and expands this model, through the use of quantitative structure-property relationships (GSPRs) to predict the effect of natural organic matter fouling on activated carbon adsorption of specific contaminants. The GSPRs developed are based on a combination of calculated topographical indices and quantum chemical parameters. The QSPRs were evaluated in terms of their statistical predictive ability,the physical significance of the descriptors, and by comparison with field data. The QSPR-enhanced PSDM was judged to give results better than what could previously be obtained. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Magnuson, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM magnuson.matthew@epa.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 7706 EP 7711 DI 10.1021/es0508018 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UJ UT WOS:000232410000058 PM 16245848 ER PT J AU Filali-Meknassi, Y Auriol, M Tyagi, RD Comeau, Y Surampalli, RY AF Filali-Meknassi, Y Auriol, M Tyagi, RD Comeau, Y Surampalli, RY TI Design strategy for a simultaneous nitrification/denitrification of a slaughterhouse wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor: ASM2d modeling and verification SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrification/denitrification; performance of SBR system; calibration; ASM2d model ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE MODEL; POTENTIAL ORP REGULATION; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; NITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NITRATE REDUCTION; NITROGEN REMOVAL; CARBON SOURCE; P-REMOVAL AB Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used to treat slaughterhouse wastewater which contains average Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration of 5000 mg l(-1) and ammonium of 360 mgN l(-1). Nitrification/denitrification process was conducted for nitrogen removal. The influent wastewater as internal carbon source and sodium acetate as an external one was used for completing denitrification to achieve the simultaneous organic matter removal (95-96%) and nitrogen removal (95-97%). In addition, the dynamic SBR simulation model for biological nitrogen removal based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) and GPS-X-circle times software is presented. The experimental study for the calibration and validation of the model was carried out using laboratory SBR. The study showed that the model provides a powerful tool to reduce the experimental expenditure and time to find the optimum strategy. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Filali-Meknassi, Y (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. RI Comeau, Yves/F-6743-2010 OI Comeau, Yves/0000-0002-0560-1732 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON W4 1BN, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1100 DI 10.1080/09593332608618478 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998XC UT WOS:000234352200002 PM 16342532 ER PT J AU Di Toro, DM McGrath, JA Hansen, DJ Berry, WJ Paquin, PR Mathew, R Wu, KB Santore, RC AF Di Toro, DM McGrath, JA Hansen, DJ Berry, WJ Paquin, PR Mathew, R Wu, KB Santore, RC TI Predicting sediment metal toxicity using a sediment biotic ligand model: Methodology and initial application SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metal; toxicity; sediment; organic carbon ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; ACUTE COPPER TOXICITY; SOLID-SOLUTION DISTRIBUTIONS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WATER HARDNESS; TECHNICAL BASIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ZINC TOXICITY; FRESH-WATER AB An extension of the simultaneously extracted metals/acid-volatile sulfide (SEM/AVS) procedure is presented that predicts the acute and chronic sediment metals effects concentrations. A biotic ligand model (BLM) and a pore water-sediment partitioning model are used to predict the sediment concentration that is in equilibrium with the biotic ligand effects concentration. This initial application considers only partitioning to sediment particulate organic carbon. This procedure bypasses the need to compute the details of the pore-water chemistry. Remarkably, the median lethal concentration on a sediment organic carbon (OC)-normalized basis, SEMxOC*, is essentially unchanged over a wide range of concentrations of pore-water hardness, salinity, dissolved organic carbon, and any other complexing or competing ligands. Only the pore-water pH is important. Both acute and chronic exposures in fresh- and saltwater sediments are compared to predictions for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) based on the Daphnia magna BLM. The SEMxOC* concentrations are similar for all the metals except cadmium. For pH = 8, the approximate values (mu mol/-OC) are Cd-SEMxOC* similar or equal to 100, Cu-SEMxOC* similar or equal to 900, Ni-SEMxOC* similar or equal to 1,100, Zn-SEMxOC* similar or equal to 1,400, and Pb-SEMxOC* similar or equal to 2,700. This similarity is the explanation for an empirically observed dose-response relationship between SEM and acute and chronic effects concentrations that had been observed previously. This initial application clearly demonstrates that BLMs can be used to predict toxic sediment concentrations without modeling the pore-water chemistry. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. HydroQual, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Di Toro, DM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM dditoro@ce.udel.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES10344] NR 86 TC 106 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 64 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2410 EP 2427 DI 10.1897/04-413R.1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 969VU UT WOS:000232264400004 PM 16268143 ER PT J AU Hoke, RA Ankley, GT AF Hoke, RA Ankley, GT TI Application of frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus to ecological risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE amphibian; FETAX; risk assessment; acute toxicity; comparative toxicity ID DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; TERM FATHEAD MINNOW; INTERLABORATORY VALIDATION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LAEVIS EMBRYOS; PHASE-III; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS AB An expert workshop recently was convened to consider the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) as a screening method for identifying the potential developmental toxicity of single chemicals and chemical mixtures. One recommendation from the workshop was that, in order to determine the utility of FETAX for ecological risk assessments, additional consideration of how the assay is conducted is necessary. In addition, a comparative evaluation would be useful of FETAX endpoints (i.e., survival, malformations, growth) versus each other, endpoints from aquatic toxicity tests using more commonly tested species of cladocerans and fish, and tests with other amphibian species. This review provides an evaluation and critique of the current FETAX protocol from two perspectives: Practical considerations relative to conducting the test and sensitivity of the assay (and associated endpoints) compared to tests with other species. Several aspects of the current standard protocol, including test temperature, diet, loading rates, and chemical exposure options, need to be modified to ensure that the assay is robust technically. Evaluation of FETAX data from the open literature indicates that growth is the most sensitive endpoint in the assay, followed by malformations and then survival; unfortunately, the growth endpoint often is not considered or reported in the assay. Comparison of FETAX data with acute toxicity data from tests with other amphibians or traditional aquatic test species indicates FETAX is relatively insensitive. This suggests that environmental risk assessments using acute hazard data from tests with traditional aquatic test species usually would be more protective of native amphibian species than risk assessments that use hazard data from FETAX. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Hoke, RA (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. EM robert.a.hoke@usa.dupont.com NR 98 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2677 EP 2690 DI 10.1897/04-506R.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 969VU UT WOS:000232264400032 PM 16268171 ER PT J AU Maruya, KA Francendese, L Manning, RO AF Maruya, KA Francendese, L Manning, RO TI Residues of toxaphene decrease in estuarine fish after removal of contaminated sediments SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; COMPONENTS; BIOTA; FATE AB To determine if toxaphene residues in edible fish tissue decreased after removal of contaminated sediments from an estuarine site in 1999, 51 composite samples representing six finfish species were collected in 2001 and analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture and negative ion mass spectrometric detection. The grand mean total toxaphene residue concentration on a wet weight basis (Sigma TOXwet) was 1,400 +/- 3,500 ng g(-1) (range: < 18 to 18,000 ng g(-1)) and was positively correlated with extractable lipid. On a lipid basis, the mean Sigma TOXlip was 26 +/- 33 mu g g(-1), which decreased with increasing distance from the study site. Although benthically-oriented species, such as spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) and striped mullet (Miol cephalus), exhibited higher mean Sigma TOXwet than those of higher trophic level fish, mean Sigma TOXlip were not significantly different among species. The grand mean Sigma TOX for 2001 was 3.8 (wet) and 2.6 (lipid) times less than corresponding preremedial action (1997) concentrations, suggesting that bioavailable, toxaphene residues in this system have been reduced. Forage species, such as croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), mullet, and spot, preferentially accumulate toxaphene residues in this system and may serve as vectors of orgarrochlorine contaminants in the estuarine and coastal ocean food web. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 7171 Fenwick Ln, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. EM keithm@sccwrp.org NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.1007/BF02732916 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 985ZT UT WOS:000233418600014 ER PT J AU Shank, GC Zepp, RG Whitehead, RF Moran, MA AF Shank, GC Zepp, RG Whitehead, RF Moran, MA TI Variations in the spectral properties of freshwater and estuarine CDOM caused by partitioning onto river and estuarine sediments SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CDOM; partitioning; sorption; sediments; estuaries; southeastern US ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; APPARENT QUANTUM YIELD; COMPLEXING LIGANDS; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TRACE-METALS; IRON-OXIDE; CARBON; RADIATION AB The optical properties and geochemical cycling of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are altered by its sorption to freshwater and estuarine sediments. Measured partition coefficients (K-p) of Satilla River (Georgia) and Cape Fear River estuary (North Carolina) CDOM ranged from 19 to 233 L kg(-1) when model freshwater and organic-rich estuarine sediments were added to solution (concentrations of 0.1, 1, or 10 g L-1), with the largest K-p values measured in solutions with the lowest sediment concentrations. Sorption of Satilla River CDOM was augmented upon raising the ionic strength of solution by mixing with natural seawater, likely due to the 'salting out effect' of Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions. For turbid estuarine systems with particle loads of similar to 100 mg L-1, we estimate that similar to 1-2% of the CDOM pool sorbs to settling particles, facilitating the transfer to a potentially large colored particulate organic matter (CPOM) reservoir within sediments. Our results also indicate that > 30% of the colored organic matter pool within sediment pore waters (sediment concentration > 10 g L-1) may exist as CPOM. Spectral slope coefficients (300700 nm) of initial CDOM samples increased as much as 20% after mixing with 10 g L-1 sediment and 5% after mixing with 1 g L-1 sediment indicating that sorption to particles has the potential to significantly alter the optical properties of CDOM in the water column of turbid shallow environments or in areas of high benthic exchange. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shank, GC (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM shank.chris@epa.gov RI Moran, Mary Ann/B-6939-2012; OI Moran, Mary Ann/0000-0002-0702-8167 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.eess.2005.06.009 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 975EL UT WOS:000232643700024 ER PT J AU Andersen, CP Nikolov, I Nikolova, P Matyssek, R Haberle, KH AF Andersen, CP Nikolov, I Nikolova, P Matyssek, R Haberle, KH TI Estimating "autotrophic" belowground respiration in spruce and beech forests: decreases following girdling SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fagus sylvatica; Picea abies; autotrophic (root plus mycorrhizal) respiration; soil respiration; soil temperature; drought; CO(2) flux; girdling ID SOIL RESPIRATION; ROOT RESPIRATION; CARBON ALLOCATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; PINE FOREST; FINE-ROOT; GROWTH; OZONE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS AB Seasonal fluxes of CO(2) from soil and the contribution of autotrophic (root + mycorrhizal) to total soil respiration (SR) were estimated for a mixed stand of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Central Europe. Mature trees of each species were girdled in August 2002 to eliminate carbohydrate allocation to roots. SR was measured at distances of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5/2.0 m from the bole of each tree at 1-2 weeks intervals throughout the fall of 2002 and monthly during the spring and summer of 2003. The contribution of roots and mycorrhizae to total SR was estimated by the decrease in SR compared to ungirdled control trees to account for seasonal patterns evident in controls. SR decreased with soil temperature in the fall 2002 and increased again in 2003 as soil warmed. During most of the study period, SR was strongly related to soil temperature. During the dry summer of 2003, however, SR appeared to be uncoupled from temperature and was strongly related to soil water content (SWC). Mean rates of SR in beech and spruce control plots as well as root densities did not show a clear pattern with distance from the bole. SR decreased to levels below controls in beech within a few days after girdling, whereas spruce did not show a significant decrease until October 2002, 6 weeks after girdling. In both beech and spruce, decreased SR in response to girdling was greatest closest to the bole, possibly reflecting increased mycorrhizal activity close to the bole. Autotrophic respiration was estimated in beech to be as much as 50% of the total SR in the stand. The contribution of autotrophic respiration was less certain for spruce, although close to the bole, the autotrophic fraction may contribute to total SR as much as in beech. The large fraction of autotrophic respiration in total SR requires better understanding of tree level stresses that affect carbon allocation below ground. C1 Tech Univ Munich, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Haberle, KH (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM haeberle@wzw.tum.de NR 28 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 124 IS 3 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10342-005-0072-8 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 980NF UT WOS:000233024500001 ER PT J AU In, Y Minoura, K Tomoo, K Sasaki, Y Lazarus, LH Okada, Y Ishida, T AF In, Y Minoura, K Tomoo, K Sasaki, Y Lazarus, LH Okada, Y Ishida, T TI Structural function of C-terminal amidation of endomorphin SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE endomorphin-2; C-terminal-deaminated endomorphin-2; NMR; molecular calculation; X-ray crystal analysis ID MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; DISTANCE GEOMETRY; AGONIST; POTENT; BINDING; ACID; SPECTROSCOPY; ENKEPHALIN; PEPTIDES AB To investigate the structural function of the C-terminal amide group of endomorphin-2 (EM2, H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2), an endogenous mu-opioid receptor ligand, the solution conformations of EM2 and its C-terminal free acid (EM2OH, H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-OH) in TFE (trifluoroethanol), water (pH 2.7 and 5.2), and aqueous DPC (dodecylphosphocholine) micelles (pH 3.5 and 5.2) were investigated by the combination of 2D H-1-NMR measurement and molecular modelling calculation. Both peptides were in equilibrium between the cis and trans rotamers around the Tyr-Pro w bond with population ratios of 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 in dimethyl sulfoxide, TFE and water, whereas they predominantly took the trans rotamer in DPC micelle, except in EM2OH at pH 5.2, which had a trans/cis rotamer ratio of 2 : 1. Fifty possible 3D conformers were generated for each peptide, taking different electronic states depending on the type of solvent and pH (neutral and monocationic forms for EM2, and zwitterionic and monocation forms for EM2OH) by the dynamical simulated annealing method, under the proton-proton distance constraints derived from the ROE cross-peak intensities. These conformers were then roughly classified into four groups of two open [reverse S (rS)- and numerical 7 (n7)-type] and two folded (F1- and F2-type) conformers according to the conformational pattern of the backbone structure. Most EM2 conformers in neutral (in TFE) and monocationic (in water and DPC micelles) forms adopted the open structure (mixture of major rS-type and minor n7-type conformers) despite the trans/cis rotamer form. On the other hand, the zwitterionic EM2OH in TFE, water and DPC micelles showed an increased population of F1- and F2-type folded conformers, the population of which varied depending on their electronic state and pH. Most of these folded conformers took an F1-type structure similar to that stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond of (Tyr1)NH3+...COO-(Phe4), observed in its crystal structure. These results show that the substitution of a carboxyl group for the C-terminal amide group makes the peptide structure more flexible and leads to the ensemble of folded and open conformers. The conformational requirement of EM2 for binding to the mu-opioid receptor and the structural function of the C-terminal amide group are discussed on the basis of the present conformational features of EM2 and EM2OH and a possible model for binding to the mu-opioid receptor, constructed from the template structure of rhodopsin. C1 Osaka Univ Pharmaceut Sci, Osaka 5691094, Japan. Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Biochem, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. RP In, Y (reprint author), Osaka Univ Pharmaceut Sci, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Osaka 5691094, Japan. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 272 IS 19 BP 5079 EP 5097 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04919.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 965LE UT WOS:000231951200022 PM 16176278 ER PT J AU Stoms, DM Davis, FW Andelman, SJ Carr, MH Gaines, SD Halpern, BS Hoenicke, R Leibowitz, SG Leydecker, A Madin, EMP Tallis, H Warner, RR AF Stoms, DM Davis, FW Andelman, SJ Carr, MH Gaines, SD Halpern, BS Hoenicke, R Leibowitz, SG Leydecker, A Madin, EMP Tallis, H Warner, RR TI Integrated coastal reserve planning: making the land-sea connection SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID MARINE RESERVES; CONSERVATION; DESIGN; ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ESTUARINE; NETWORKS; SITES; RIVER AB Land use, watershed processes, and coastal biodiversity are often intricately linked, yet land-sea interactions are usually ignored when selecting terrestrial and marine reserves with existing models. Such oversight increases the risk that reserves will fail to achieve their conservation objectives. The conceptual model underlying existing reserve selection models presumes each site is a closed ecological system, unaffected by inputs from elsewhere. As a short-term objective, we recommend extending land-conservation analyses to account for effects on marine biodiversity by considering linkages between ecosystems. This level of integration seems feasible and directly relevant to agencies and conservancies engaged in protecting coastal lands. We propose an approach that evaluates terrestrial sites based on whether they benefit or harm marine species or habitats. We then consider a hypothetical example involving estuarine nurseries. Whether this approach will produce more effective terrestrial reserves remains to be seen. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM stoms@bren.ucsb.edu RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009; Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718; Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 3 IS 8 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0429:ICRPMT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970HL UT WOS:000232295800016 ER PT J AU Sykes, K AF Sykes, K TI As our society ages, how will environmental public health and ecological stressors change? SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM sykes.kathy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 203 EP 204 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615000520 ER PT J AU Sunman, JA Zeldin, DC Rippe, RA Hawke, RL AF Sunman, JA Zeldin, DC Rippe, RA Hawke, RL TI Role of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases in arachidonic acid-induced oxidative stress and cell death in primary mouse hepatocytes. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 SU 1 BP 640A EP 640A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 972VC UT WOS:000232480302187 ER PT J AU Maddaloni, M Ballew, M Diamond, G Follansbee, M Gefell, D Goodrum, P Johnson, M Koporec, Y Khoury, G Luey, J Odin, M Troast, R Van Leeuwen, P Zaragoza, L AF Maddaloni, M Ballew, M Diamond, G Follansbee, M Gefell, D Goodrum, P Johnson, M Koporec, Y Khoury, G Luey, J Odin, M Troast, R Van Leeuwen, P Zaragoza, L TI Assessing lead risks at non-residential hazardous waste sites SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE adult lead methodology; lead; non-residential; risk assessment; slope factor ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED MODELS; STABLE-ISOTOPE DILUTION; BONE-SEEKING ELEMENTS; 2ND NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD LEAD; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; IRON STATUS; ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN; BIOKINETIC MODELS AB In 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed the Adult Lead Methodology (ALM) to provide an interim approach to assessing risks from non-residential exposures to lead. Because such exposures often involve occupational activities of adults, the ALM was directed at assessing soil-related lead risks to adults. Consistent with other approaches used in Superfund risk assessment, the ALM was designed to predict quasi-steady state blood lead concentrations (PbB) that might result from soil exposure. These predictions are converted to a risk estimate, expressed as the probability of exceeding a PbB level of concern. To examine the assumptions and variables in the ALM that have become available since 1996, a comparison was made of the attributes of seven alternative research models for which adequate documentation is available to understand and implement each approach. Several of these models have been used in regulatory decision-making; however, the USEPA has officially embraced none for general use. This analysis suggests that the ALM can continue to serve as a reasonable tool for assessing risks associated with non-residential exposures to soil. Under certain circumstances other models may be more applicable (i.e., for assessing acute or intensive exposures); however, the ALM is recommended for the majority of risk assessment applications. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Maddaloni, M (reprint author), US EPA, US EPA Reg 2,290 Broadway,18th Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM maddaloni.mark@epa.gov NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 967 EP 1003 DI 10.1080/10807030500257838 PG 37 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 973AJ UT WOS:000232495000004 ER PT J AU Rubes, J Selevan, SG Evenson, DP Zudova, D Vozdova, M Zudova, Z Robbins, WA Perreault, SD AF Rubes, J Selevan, SG Evenson, DP Zudova, D Vozdova, M Zudova, Z Robbins, WA Perreault, SD TI Episodic air pollution is associated with increased DNA fragmentation in human sperm without other changes in semen quality SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE air pollution; computer-aided sperm analysis; human semen; sperm aneuploidy; sperm chromatin structure assay ID CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE ASSAY; ENVIRONMENTALLY EXPOSED POPULATION; ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES; HUMAN-FERTILITY; MEN; ADDUCTS; HEALTH; DAMAGE; HYBRIDIZATION; DENATURATION AB BACKGROUND: This study examined potential associations between exposure to episodes of air pollution and alterations in semen quality. The air pollution, resulting from combustion of coal for industry and home heating in the Teplice district of the Czech Republic, was much higher during the winter than at other times of year with peaks exceeding US air quality standards. METHODS: Young men from Teplice were sampled up to seven times over 2 years allowing evaluation of semen quality after periods of exposure to both low and high air pollution. Routine semen analysis (sperm concentration, motility and morphology) and tests for sperm aneuploidy and chromatin integrity were performed, comparing measurements within each subject. Exposure was classified as high or low based on data from ambient air pollution monitoring. RESULTS: Using repeated measures analysis, a significant association was found between exposure to periods of high air pollution (at or above the upper limit of US air quality standards) and the percentage of sperm with DNA fragmentation according to sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Other semen measures were not associated with air pollution. CONCLUSION: Exposure to intermittent air pollution may result in sperm DNA damage and thereby increase the rates of male-mediated infertility, miscarriage, and other adverse reproductive outcomes. C1 US EPA, Div Reprod Toxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Vet Res Inst, Dept Genet & Reprod, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. US EPA, Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Inst Hyg, Brno, Czech Republic. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Perreault, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Reprod Toxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Darney.sally@epa.gov RI Vozdova, Miluse/E-1376-2012 NR 43 TC 123 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 2776 EP 2783 DI 10.1093/humrep/dei122 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 972BA UT WOS:000232427600017 PM 15980006 ER PT J AU Lienesch, PW McDonald, ME Hershey, AE O'Brien, WJ Bettez, ND AF Lienesch, PW McDonald, ME Hershey, AE O'Brien, WJ Bettez, ND TI Effects of a whole-lake, experimental fertilization on lake trout in a small oligotrophic arctic lake SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus namaycush; nutrients; eutrophication; fish; hypoxia; growth and recruitment ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; IN-SITU INCUBATION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS; SLIMY SCULPIN; TUNDRA RIVER; EUTROPHICATION AB We tested whether increased phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations would affect a lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population in a small oligotrophic lake with a benthically dominated food web. From 1990 to 1994, nitrogen and phosphorus were added to Lake NI (4.4 ha) at the arctic Long-Term Ecological Research site in Alaska. We used mark/recapture methods to determine the lake trout population size, size structure, recruitment, and individual growth from 1987 to 1999. Data were also collected on water chemistry and food availability. Fertilization resulted in increased pelagic primary productivity, chlorophyll a, turbidity, snail density, and hypoxia in summer and winter. Lake trout density was not affected by the manipulation however growth and average size increased. Recruitment was high initially, but declined throughout the fertilization. These results suggest that lake trout were affected through increased food availability and changes to the physical characteristics of the lake. During fertilization, hypoxia near the sediments may have killed over-wintering embryos and decreased habitat availability. Although lake trout responded strongly to increased nutrients, loss of recruitment might jeopardize lake trout persistence if arctic lakes undergo eutrophication. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Ctr Biodivers Studies, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. US EPA, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lienesch, PW (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Ctr Biodivers Studies, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM Philip.lienesch@wku.edu RI Bettez, Neil/I-5672-2012 OI Bettez, Neil/0000-0002-6859-8083 NR 85 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 548 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-3620-9 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 976VF UT WOS:000232760900006 ER PT J AU Woodall, GM Smith, RL Granville, GC AF Woodall, GM Smith, RL Granville, GC TI Proceedings of the Hydrogen Sulfide Health Research and Risk Assessment Symposium, October 31-November 2, 2000 SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Hydrogen Sulfide Health Research and Risk Assessment Symposium came about for several reasons: (1) increased interest by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and several state agencies in regulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S); (2) uncertainty about ambient exposure to H2S; (3) confusion and disagreement in the literature about possible health effects at low-level exposures; and (4) presentation of results of a series of recent animal bioassays. The American Petroleum Institute (API) proposed this symposium and the U. S. EPA became an early cosponsor, with the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) and the American Forest & Paper Association (AF & PA) contributing expertise and funding assistance. The topics covered in this symposium included animal research, human research, mode-of-action and dosimetry issues, environmental exposure and monitoring, and assessment and regulatory issues, and closed with a panel discussion. The overall goals of the symposium were to gather together experts in H2S health effects research and individuals from governmental agencies charged with protecting the public health, provide a venue for reporting of recent research findings, identify gaps in the current information, and outline new research directions and promote research collaboration. During the course of the symposium, presenters provided comprehensive reviews of the state of knowledge for each topic. Several new research proposals discussed at the symposium have subsequently been initiated. This report provides a summary of the talks, poster presentations, and panel discussions that occurred at the Hydrogen Sulfide Health and Risk Assessment Symposium. C1 Amer Petr Inst, Washington, DC USA. Shell Canada Ltd, Calgary, AB, Canada. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment B243 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Woodall, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment B243 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM woodall_george@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 593 EP 639 DI 10.1080/08958370591000618 PG 47 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 949NV UT WOS:000230796300005 PM 16033755 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Gerke, TL Maynard, JB AF Lytle, DA Gerke, TL Maynard, JB TI Effect of bacterial sulfate reduction on iron-corrosion scales SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PYRITE FORMATION; SULFUR; SULFIDES; SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPES; SHALES; PIPES AB Iron-sulfur geochemistry is important in many natural and engineered environments, including drinking water systems. In the anaerobic environment beneath scales of corroding iron drinking water distribution system pipes, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) produce sulfide from naturally occurring sulfate in the bulk water. This sulfide subsequently can affect iron geochemistry of the scale and the protective qualities of the scale. The authors studied the effect of bacterial sulfate reduction on the nature of iron corrosion scales collected from two drinking water distribution systems-one using surface water and the other groundwater but both with relatively high sulfate concentrations. Reduced sulfur proved to be a significant component of all iron scales studied, reaching up to 22% (wt%) in the scale from the groundwater system and 2% in the surface water system. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of elemental sulfur (S-O) and marcasite (FeS2). Sulfur extractions showed major SO and FeS2 in all scales but only minor amounts of iron(II) sulfide (FeS) and sulfate ion (SO42-). Sulfur isotope measurements showed delta(34)S in the scales to be 20-40 permil (parts per thousand) lighter than in the source SO42-, confirming the important role of SRB in forming the reduced sulfur. Other important iron minerals found were goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH). Magnetite (Fe3O4), which is believed to be an important mineral in protecting iron pipes from extensive corrosion and iron release, was present in iron scales collected from the surface water system but not in those from the groundwater system. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 974HU UT WOS:000232583000029 ER PT J AU Pate, AD Hamilton, RG Ashley, PJ Zeldin, DC Halsey, JF AF Pate, AD Hamilton, RG Ashley, PJ Zeldin, DC Halsey, JF TI Proficiency testing of allergen measurements in residential dust SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergens; ELISA; quality control samples; residential dust ID MITE ALLERGEN; ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; DESIGN AB Background: Analyses of household dust for allergens are more common with increased efforts to reduce and control asthma. Currently, no laboratory accreditation or quality assurance program specific to household dust allergen analyses exists. Moreover, there is an absence of peer-reviewed data on within-laboratory and between-laboratory variability that is achievable for these analyses. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the levels of intralaboratory and interlaboratory variability in analyses of allergen concentrations in residential dust and to investigate the utility of quality control samples for monitoring laboratory performance. Methods: Aliquots from homogeneous batches of dust and dust extracts were provided to 8 commercial, academic, and municipal laboratories to be analyzed for as many as 6 allergens (Der p 1, Der 11, Fel d 1, Can f 1, Bla g 1, Mus to 1) by using ELISA techniques. Results: Coefficients of variation on the estimated geometric means from the analytical results ranged between 61% and 93%. In most cases, between-laboratory variability was the dominant component of total variability. In spite of this between-laboratory variability, reasonable agreement was observed between the means of allergen levels in the reference laboratory characterizations and the estimated geometric means from the model fitting of results across participating laboratories. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that, in most cases, participating laboratories could measure the concentrations of allergens by using ELISA procedures with a level of accuracy and precision that may be acceptable in many situations. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dermatol Allergy & Clin Immunol Reference Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Healthy Homes & Lead Hazard Control, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. IBT Reference Lab, Lenexa, KS USA. RP Pate, AD (reprint author), 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM patea@battelle.org FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 116 IS 4 BP 844 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.016 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 017IF UT WOS:000235686600019 PM 16210059 ER PT J AU Wang, J Burken, JG Zhang, XQ Surampalli, R AF Wang, J Burken, JG Zhang, XQ Surampalli, R TI Engineered struvite precipitation: Impacts of component-ion molar ratios and pH SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM; WASTE-WATER; PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION; PHOSPHORUS; CRYSTALLIZATION; SOLUBILITY; RECOVERY; REMOVAL; FEASIBILITY AB Struvite precipitation has the potential for removing and recovering phosphorus from agricultural wastewater streams, such as concentrated animal feeding operations wastewater. However, impacts of anticipated component-ion molar ratios and potentially interfering ions are unknown as are the compounding pH relationship with respect to all potential complexes. This research experimentally investigates and mathematically models these factors. Emphasis is placed upon the composition of formed deposits and model validation with experimental data. Results show that calcium is a major interfering ion affecting the deposit composition, decreasing struvite purity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersive spectrometry were used to study the deposit structure and elemental composition. Results revealed that the precipitates formed at a pH of 8.7 have regular crystal shape, and XRD analysis confirmed that the precipitates are high-purity struvite. Higher pH (>10) leads to the formation of amorphous precipitate and decreases the struvite purity in the deposits. To maximize struvite purity, the ratio of Ca to P should be less than 0.5 and the pH near 8.7. C1 Crawford Murphy & Tilly Inc, Aurora, IL 60563 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Crawford Murphy & Tilly Inc, 600 N Commons Dr,Suite 107, Aurora, IL 60563 USA. EM jwang@cmtengr.com; burken@umr.edu; jackie_zhang@uml.edu; surampalli.rao@epa.gov RI Burken, Joel /C-2099-2016 OI Burken, Joel /0000-0002-7774-5364 NR 30 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 28 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1433 EP 1440 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:10(1433) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967KW UT WOS:000232091100011 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, PR Bielefeldt, AR Illangasekare, T Henry, B AF Pfeiffer, PR Bielefeldt, AR Illangasekare, T Henry, B TI Physical properties of vegetable oil and chlorinated ethene mixtures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the abiotic interactions of soybean oil (SoyOil) and chlorinated ethene (CE) nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). The mixed NAPL density and interfacial tension behaved ideally, as predicted by the volume ratio. The mixed NAPL viscosity increased exponentially from that of the pure CE to that of pure SoyOil as the volume fraction increased. The measured contact angle was highly variable and was unpredictable as a function of the volume composition of the mixed NAPL. The physical property effects indicate that the mobilization of residual CE NAPLs because of SoyOil injection is unlikely. Equilibrium dissolution of CEs from the NAPL mixtures behaved linearly as a function of the mole fraction. Dissolved SoyOil in simulated groundwater enhanced the dissolution of trichloroethene (TCE) during flow tests, increasing the effluent TCE concentration from 141 to 202 mg/L. The ready intermingling of the CE dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) and SoyOil indicate that such interactions may be significant at sites where vegetable oil is injected into DNAPL source areas to enhance in situ anaerobic bioremediation. C1 US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Parsons Engn Sci, Denver, CO 80290 USA. RP Pfeiffer, PR (reprint author), US EPA, 999 18th St,Ste 300, Denver, CO 80202 USA. OI BIELEFELDT, ANGELA/0000-0002-7846-9699 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1447 EP 1452 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:10(1447) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967KW UT WOS:000232091100013 ER PT J AU Diallo, MS Savage, N AF Diallo, MS Savage, N TI Nanoparticles and water quality SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALTECH, Beckman Inst, MAt & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Diallo, MS (reprint author), CALTECH, Beckman Inst, MAt & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM diallo@wag.caltech.edu NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4-5 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-8543-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 960OF UT WOS:000231602300001 ER PT J AU Savage, N Diallo, MS AF Savage, N Diallo, MS TI Nanomaterials and water purification: Opportunities and challenges SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE nanomaterials; water quality; water purification; desalination; nanosorbents; nanocatalysts; nanofiltration; carbon nanotubes; dendrimers; membranes; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; water and wastewater ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ENGINEERED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ETHYLENE DIAMINE CORE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; ACTINIDE SEQUESTRATION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES AB Advances in nanoscale science and engineering suggest that many of the current problems involving water quality could be resolved or greatly ameliorated using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes and nanoparticle enhanced filtration among other products and processes resulting from the development of nanotechnology. Innovations in the development of novel technologies to desalinate water are among the most exciting and promising. Additionally, nanotechnology-derived products that reduce the concentrations of toxic compounds to sub-ppb levels can assist in the attainment of water quality standards and health advisories. This article gives an overview of the use of nanomaterials in water purification. We highlight recent advances on the development of novel nanoscale materials and processes for treatment of surface water, groundwater and industrial wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic solutes, bacteria and viruses. In addition, we discuss some challenges associated with the development of cost effective and environmentally acceptable functional nanomaterials for water purification. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Savage, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM savage.nora@epamail.epa.gov; diallo@wag.caltech.edu RI Diallo, Mamadou/C-2075-2011 NR 72 TC 422 Z9 435 U1 47 U2 436 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4-5 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-7523-5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 960OF UT WOS:000231602300002 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Watson, JG Savage, N Solomon, CJ Cheng, YS McMurry, PH Corey, LM Bruce, GM Pleus, RC AF Chow, JC Watson, JG Savage, N Solomon, CJ Cheng, YS McMurry, PH Corey, LM Bruce, GM Pleus, RC TI Nanoparticles and the environment SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; BRAIN INFLAMMATION; NASAL DEPOSITION; AIRWAYS C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Praxair Inc, Danbury, CT USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Intertox, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM judy.chow@dri.edu RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1411 EP 1417 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972LI UT WOS:000232454900001 PM 16295265 ER PT J AU Gardetto, E Bagian, T Lindner, J AF Gardetto, E Bagian, T Lindner, J TI High-mileage study of on-board diagnostic emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The 1990 Clean Air Act amendments require the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set guidelines for states to follow in designing and running vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs. Included in this charge was a requirement to implement an on-board diagnostic (OBD), test for both basic and enhanced I/M programs. This paper provides the results to date of an ongoing EPA study undertaken to assess the durability of the OBD system as vehicles age and as mileage is accrued. The primary results of this effort indicate the points described below. First, the majority of high-mileage vehicles tested had emission levels within their certification limits, and their malfunction indicator light (MIL) was not illuminated, indicating that the systems are capable of working throughout the life of a vehicle. Second, OBD provides better air quality benefits than an IM240 test (using the federal test procedure [FTP] as the benchmark comparison). This statement is based on greater emissions reductions from OBD-directed repairs than reductions associated with IM240-identified repairs. In general, the benefits of repairing the OBD fails were smaller, but the aggregate benefits were greater, indicating that OBD tests find both the high-emitting and a number of marginally high-emitting vehicles without false failures that can occur with, any tailpipe test. Third, vehicles that truly had high-tailpipe emissions as confirmed by laboratory IM240 and FTP testing also had illuminated MILs at a statistically significant level. Last, field data from state programs have demonstrated MIL illumination rates comparable with those seen in this work, suggesting that the vehicles sampled in this study were representative of the larger fleet. Nonetheless, it is important to continue the testing of high-mileage OBD vehicles into the foreseeable future to ensure that the systems are operating correctly as the fleet ages and as changes in emission certification levels take effect. C1 US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Gardetto, E (reprint author), Sierra Res Inc, 3055 Plymouth Rd,Ste 103, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM EGardetto@sierraresearch.com NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1480 EP 1486 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972LI UT WOS:000232454900009 PM 16295273 ER PT J AU Xue, JP Liu, SV Ozkaynak, H Spengler, JD AF Xue, JP Liu, SV Ozkaynak, H Spengler, JD TI Parameter evaluation and model validation of ozone exposure assessment using Harvard Southern California Chronic Ozone Exposure Study data SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LUNG-FUNCTION GROWTH; AIR-POLLUTION; CHILDREN; COMMUNITIES; SAMPLER AB To examine factors influencing long-term ozone (O-3) exposures by children living in urban communities, the authors analyzed longitudinal data on personal, indoor, and outdoor O-3 concentrations,as well as related housing and other questionnaire information collected in the one-year-long Harvard Southern California Chronic Ozone Exposure Study. Of 224 children contained in the original data set, 160 children were found to have longitudinal measurements of O-3 concentrations in at least six months of 12 months of the study period. Data for these children were randomly split into two equal sets: one for model development and the other for model validation. Mixed models with various variance-covariance structures were developed to evaluate statistically important predictors for chronic personal ozone exposures. Model predictions were then validated against the field measurements using an empirical best-linear unbiased prediction technique. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Xue, JP (reprint author), E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Xue.jianping@epa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1508 EP 1515 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972LI UT WOS:000232454900012 PM 16295276 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Greene, RG Lyon, JG AF Lunetta, RS Greene, RG Lyon, JG TI Modeling the distribution of diffuse nitrogen sources and sinks in the Neuse River Basin of North Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; nitrogen modeling; surface water hydrology; geographic information systems; remote sensing ID LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; ESTUARY; DYNAMICS; NITRATE; RUNOFF; WATERS; FOREST; INPUTS AB This study quantified nonpoint source nitrogen (NPSN) sources and sinks across the 14,582 km(2) Neuse River Basin (NRB) located in North Carolina, to provide tabular data summaries and graphic overlay products to support the development of management approaches to best achieve established N reduction goals. First, a remote sensor derived, land cover classification was performed to support modeling needs. Modeling efforts included the development of a mass balance model to quantify potential N sources and sinks, followed by a precipitation event driven hydrologic model to effectively transport excess N across the landscape to individual stream reaches to support subsequent labeling of transported N values corresponding to source origin. Results indicated that agricultural land contributed 55 percent of the total annual NPS-N loadings, followed by forested land at 23 percent (background), and urban areas at 21 percent. Average annual N source contributions were quantified for agricultural (1.4 kg/ha), urban (1.2 kg/ha), and forested cover types (0.5 kg/ha). Nonpoint source-N contributions were greatest during the winter (40 percent), followed by spring (32 percent), summer (28 percent), and fall (0.3 percent). Seasonal total N loadings shifted from urban dominated and forest dominated sources during the winter, to agricultural sources in the spring and summer. A quantitative assessment of the significant NRB land use activities indicated that high (greater than 70 percent impervious) and medium (greater than 35 percent impervious) density urban development were the greatest contributors of NPS-N on a unit area basis (1.9 and 1.6 kg/ha/yr, respectively), followed by row crops and pasture/hay cover types (1.4 kg/ha/yr). C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CNR, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1147 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03789.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 972JT UT WOS:000232450800008 ER PT J AU Paul, JF McDonald, ME AF Paul, JF McDonald, ME TI Development of empirical, geographically specific water quality criteria: A conditional probability analysis approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment; wadable streams; benthic community condition; statistical analysis; aquatic ecosystems; standards ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; FINE SEDIMENT; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; STREAMS; INDICATORS; PROTECTION; DERIVATION; SALMONIDS; STANDARDS; GROWTH AB The need for scientifically defensible water quality standards for nonpoint source pollution control continues to be a pressing environmental issue. The probability of impact at differing levels of nonpoint source pollution was determined using the biological response of instream organisms empirically obtained from a statistical survey. A conditional probability analysis was used to calculate a biological threshold of impact as a function of the likelihood of exceeding a given value of pollution metric for a specified geographic area. Uncertainty and natural variability were inherently incorporated into the analysis through the use of data from a probabilistic survey. Data from wadable streams in the mid-Atlantic area of the U.S. were used to demonstrate the approach. Benthic macroinvertebrate community index values (EPT taxa richness) were used to identify impacted stream communities. Percent fines in substrate (silt/clay fraction, < 0.06 mm) were used as a surrogate indicator for sedimentation. Thresholds of impact due to sedimentation were identified by three different techniques, and were in the range of 12 to 15 percent fines. These values were consistent with existing literature from laboratory and field studies on the impact of sediments on aquatic life in freshwater streams. All results were different from values determined from current regulatory guidance. Finally, it was illustrated how these thresholds could be used to develop criterion for protection of aquatic life in streams. C1 US EPA, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Paul, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program, Mail Drop 343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Paul.john@epa.gov NR 60 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1223 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03795.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 972JT UT WOS:000232450800014 ER PT J AU Moon, Y Bottone, FG McEntee, MF Eling, TE AF Moon, Y Bottone, FG McEntee, MF Eling, TE TI Suppression of tumor cell invasion by cyclooxygenase inhibitors is mediated by thrombospondin-1 via the early growth response gene Egr-1 SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EGR-1; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; ANGIOGENESIS; SULINDAC; TRANSFORMATION AB Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have antitumongenic activity and increase the expression of the early growth response gene Egr-1, a tumor suppressor gene and transcription factor. In this study, we have investigated the gene regulatory and anti-invasive activity of two traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), sulindac sulfide and indomethacin. These compounds inhibited tumor cell invasion and induced Egr-1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Overexpression of Egr-1 reduced cellular invasion in the Matrigel system, whereas suppression of Egr-1 by small interference RNA (siRNA) attenuated the inhibition of Matrigel invasion by these compounds, indicating that Egr-1 is responsible for the decrease in invasion reported following treatment with NSAIDs. Egr-1-overexpressing cells were analyzed for genes involved in invasion and metastasis. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) an antiangiogenic and anti-invasion protein was up-regulated by Egr-1 overexpression, which was confirmed following treatment with sulindac sulfide. Furthermore, the induction of TSP-1 by sulindac sulfide was blocked by Egr-1 siRNA. When TSP-1 was sequestered by the addition of anti-TSP-1 antibody, the inhibition of invasion by sulindac sulfide was attenuated, indicating that TSP-1 is involved in the inhibition of invasion by NSAIDs. We used the Min mouse model to determine if sulindac sulfide would increase Egr-1 and TSP-1 in vivo, because this model is widely used to study the effects of NSAIDs on tumor formation. Treatment of Min mice with concentrations of sulindac sulfide that inhibit tumor formation increased the expression of Egr-1 and TSP-1 in colonic tissues and in the polyps of these mice. This is the first report suggesting that COX inhibitors suppress tumor cell invasion via TSP-1, which occurs downstream of Egr-1. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Eicosanoid Biochem Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Eling, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Eicosanoid Biochem Sect, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM eling@niehs.nih.gov OI McEntee, Michael/0000-0002-1616-3715 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 52 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0213 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 974AS UT WOS:000232564300012 PM 16227405 ER PT J AU Rivkin, E Eddy, EM Willis, WD Goulding, EH Suganuma, R Yanagimachi, R Kierszenbaum, AL AF Rivkin, E Eddy, EM Willis, WD Goulding, EH Suganuma, R Yanagimachi, R Kierszenbaum, AL TI Sperm tail abnormalities in mutant mice with neo(r) gene insertion into an intron of the keratin 9 gene SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE spermiogenesis; myosin Va; intramanchette transport; loss of heterozygocity; intraflagellar transport ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MITOTIC RECOMBINATION; IN-VIVO; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENTS; PERINUCLEAR RING; MOUSE; TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; HETEROZYGOSITY; MANCHETTE AB Keratin 9 (K9) is one of the components of the perinuclear ring of the manchette found in developing spermatids but is predominantly expressed in the epidermis of the footpad (palm and sole in human epidermis). As an initial step to determine the function of K9 protein in sperm development, we have generated a mutant mouse by homologous recombination of the targeting vector containing the disrupted K9 gene in which the neo(r) gene was inserted into the intron 6. This insertion resulted in the expression of two K9 mRNAs: a wild-type K9 mRNA, in which intron 6 with the neo(r) gene was completely spliced out, and a mutated form in which only a portion of the intron 6 between neo(r) gene and exon 7 was spliced out. While both heterozygous (K9(+/neo)) and homozygous (K9(neo/neo)) mutant mice expressed the wild-type form of K9 protein, the expression profile of the wild-type K9 in K9(neo/neo) mutants was modified. In addition, the open reading frame of the aberrant mRNA terminated at the exon 6/intron 6 splice site, resulting in a truncated K9 protein. Both K9(+neo) and K9(neo/neo) male mice displayed spermatids with ectopic manchette. Coiled tails were seen in maturing spermatids and epididymal sperm of mutant mice and sperm with deformed tails displayed forward motility. A predominant sperm anomaly was residual cytoplasm at the end of the mitochondria-containing middle piece tail segment. The residual cytoplasm displayed vesicles with random in situ motion, suggesting a transport impediment toward the distal end of the sperm tail. All mutant mice were fertile. Surprisingly, in oocyte nuclear injection experiments using K9(neo/neo) sperm donor, 76% of the resulting animals displayed a deletion of the neo(r) gene from the intron 6 of the mutated K9 allele. Results of this study support the view that intron 6 influences the transcriptional efficiency of the K9 gene by decreasing production of wild-type K9 and changing the expression of K9 proteins. C1 CUNY, Sch Med, Sophie Davis Sch Biomed Educ, Dept Cell Biol & Anat Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Biogenesis Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kierszenbaum, AL (reprint author), CUNY, Sch Med, Sophie Davis Sch Biomed Educ, Dept Cell Biol & Anat Sci, 138th St & Convent Ave,Harris Hall,Suite 306, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM kier@med.cuny.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 37282] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1002/mrd.20335 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 951SH UT WOS:000230950600014 PM 16015579 ER PT J AU Rakness, KL Najm, I Elovitz, M Rexing, D Via, S AF Rakness, KL Najm, I Elovitz, M Rexing, D Via, S TI Cryptosporidium log-inactivation with ozone using effluent CT10, geometric mean CT10, extended integrated CT10 and extended CSTR calculations SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ozone; disinfection; CT; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; virus; regulations; extended CSTR; geometric mean ID WATER AB The draft Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) contains Cryptosporidium log-inactivation CT tables (ozone-in-water concentration [residual], "C" times contact time, T). Depending on water temperature, Cryptosporidium CT values that are listed are 15 to 25 times greater than CT values for equivalent Giardia log-inactivation credit. The elevated operating close required for Cryptosporidium log-inactivation credit has the potential to increase disinfection by-product (DBP) formation (e.g., bromate). Calculating CT value accurately Will Minimize ozone dose, which will decrease operating cost and lower DBP formation, and at the same time maintain disinfection protection through implementation of scientifically; based safe v factors. Various methods are available for calculating CT value. The method chosen depends largely on the available information concerning ozone residual characteristics and hydrodynamic features of the ozone contactor, plus local regulatory requirements. Four methods are discussed in this Paper. Each method can be used to calculate Giardia, virus, and Cryptosporidium log-inactivation credit. C1 Proc Applicat Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Water Qual & Treatment Solut Inc, Northridge, CA USA. US EPA, Treatment Technol & Evaluat Branch, Water Supply & Water Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. AMS Water Treatment Facil, Boulder City, NV USA. Amer Water Works Assoc, Washington, DC USA. RP Rakness, KL (reprint author), Proc Applicat Inc, 2627 Redwing Rd,Suite 340, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Klrakness@cs.com; Elovitz.michael@epa.gov NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1080/01919510500250267 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980JA UT WOS:000233013600002 ER PT J AU Schroeter, JD Pritchard, JN Hwang, DM Martonen, TB AF Schroeter, JD Pritchard, JN Hwang, DM Martonen, TB TI Airway identification within planar gamma camera images using computer models of lung morphology SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; drug delivery; gamma scintigraphy; lung morphology; mathematical model ID METERED-DOSE INHALER; HUMAN BRONCHIAL TREE; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; TC-99M-LABELED AEROSOL; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; PENETRATION; CLEARANCE; SIMULATIONS AB Purpose. Quantification of inhaled aerosols by planar gamma scintigraphy could be improved if a more comprehensive assessment of aerosol distribution patterns among lung airways were obtained. The analysis of planar scans can be quite subjective because of overlaying of small, peripheral airways with large, conducting airways. Herein, a computer modeling technique of the three-dimensional (3-D) branching structure of human lung airways was applied to assist in the interpretation of planar gamma camera images. Methods. Airway dimensions were derived from morphometric data, and lung boundaries were formulated from scintigraphy protocols. Central, intermediate, and peripheral regions were superimposed on a planar view of the 3-D simulations, and airways were then tabulated by type, number, surface area, and volume in each respective region. Results. These findings indicate that the central region, for example, consists mostly of alveolated airways. Specifically, it was found that alveolated airways comprise over 99% of the total number of airways, over 95% of the total airway surface area, and approximately 80% of the total airway volume in the central region. Conclusions. The computer simulations are designed to serve as templates that can assist in the interpretation of aerosol deposition data from scintigraphy images. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. 3M Hlth Care, Loughborough LE11 1EP, Leics, England. IBM Corp, Microelect Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM martonen.ted@epa.gov OI Pritchard, John/0000-0003-1050-5996 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARM RES JI Pharm. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1692 EP 1699 DI 10.1007/s11095-005-6628-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 966XW UT WOS:000232057100014 PM 16180127 ER PT J AU Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC AF Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC TI Genetic variation in cycolooxygenase-1 (PTGS1) and risk of ischemic stroke: an atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Clinical-Pharmacy CY OCT 23-26, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Clin Pharm C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Baylor Univ, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1479 EP 1479 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 971BP UT WOS:000232356400202 ER PT J AU Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Avery, CL Mosher, MJ Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC AF Lee, CR North, KE Bray, MS Avery, CL Mosher, MJ Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC TI Genetic variation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and risk of coronary heart disease in Caucasians: an atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Clinical-Pharmacy CY OCT 23-26, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Clin Pharm C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Baylor Univ, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1479 EP 1479 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 971BP UT WOS:000232356400201 ER PT J AU Gego, EL Porter, PS Irwin, JS Hogrefe, C Rao, ST AF Gego, EL Porter, PS Irwin, JS Hogrefe, C Rao, ST TI Assessing the comparability of ammonium, nitrate and sulfate concentrations measured by three air quality monitoring networks SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE air quality; particulate matter; monitoring networks; moving average; principal component analysis ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; PREDICTIONS; SITE AB Airborne fine particulate matter across the United States is monitored by different networks, the three prevalent ones presently being the Clean Air Status and Trend Network (CASTNet), the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment Network (IMPROVE) and the Speciation and Trend Network (STN). If combined, these three networks provide speciated fine particulate data at several hundred locations throughout the United States. Yet, differences in sampling protocols and samples handling may not allow their joint use. With these concerns in mind, the objective of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal comparability of the sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations reported by each of these networks. One of the major differences between networks is the sampling frequency they adopted. While CASTNet measures pollution levels on seven-day integrated samples, STN and IMPROVE data pertain to 24-hour samples collected every three days. STN and IMPROVE data therefore exhibit considerably more short-term variability than their CASTNet counterpart. We show that, despite their apparent incongruity, averaging the data with a window size of four to six weeks is sufficient to remove the effects of differences in sampling frequency and duration and allow meaningful comparison of the signals reported by the three networks of concern. After averaging, all the sulfate and, to a lesser degree, ammonium concentrations reported are fairly similar. Nitrate concentrations, on the other hand, are still divergent. We speculate that this divergence originates from the different types of filters used to collect particulate nitrate. Finally, using a rotated principal component technique (RPCA), we determined the number and the geographical organization of the significant temporal modes of variation (clusters) detected by each network for the three pollutants of interest. For sulfate and ammonium, the clusters' geographical boundaries established for each network and the modes of variations within each cluster seem to correspond. RPCA erformed on nitrate concentrations revealed that, for the CASTNet and IMPROVE networks, the modes of variation do not correspond to unified geographical regions but are found more sporadically. For STN, the clustered areas are unified and easily delineable. We conclude that the possibility of jointly using the data collected by CASTNet, IMPROVE and STN has to be weighed pollutant by pollutant. While sulfate and ammonium data show some potential for joint use, at this point, combining the nitrate data from these monitoring networks may not be a judicious choice. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Gego, EL (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM e.gego@onewest.net NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 162 IS 10 BP 1919 EP 1939 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-2698-3 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 948LW UT WOS:000230718300010 ER PT J AU Gilliam, RC Childs, PP Huber, AH Raman, S AF Gilliam, RC Childs, PP Huber, AH Raman, S TI Metropolitan-scale transport and dispersion from the New York World Trade Center following September 11, 2001. Part I: An evaluation of the CALMET meteorological model SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dispersion modeling; CALPUFF; CALMET; plume modeling; sea breeze; ARPS; MM5 ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-BREEZE; FLOW AB Following the collapse of the New York City World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, Local, State and Federal agencies initiated numerous air monitoring activities to better understand the impact of emissions from the disaster. A study of the estimated pathway that a potential plume of emissions would likely track was completed to support the U.S. EPA's initial exposure assessments. The plume from the World Trade Center was estimated using the CALMET-CALPUFF dispersion modeling system. The following is the first of two reports that compares several meteorological models, including the CALMET diagnostic model, the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and 5(th) Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) in the complex marine-influenced urban setting of NYC. Results indicate wind speed, in most cases, is greater in CALMET than the two mesoscale models because the CALMET micrometeorological processor does not properly adjust the wind field for surface roughness variations that exits in a major built-up urban area. Small-scale circulations, which were resolved by the mesoscale models, were not well simulated by CALMET. Independent wind observations in Lower Manhattan suggest that the wind direction estimates of CALMET possess a high degree of error because of the urban influence. Wind speed is on average 1.5 ms(-1) stronger in CALMET than what observations indicate. The wind direction downwind of the city is rotated 25-34 clockwise in CALMET, relative to what observations indicate. C1 N Carolina State Univ, State Climate Off N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, NOAA,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilliam, RC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, State Climate Off N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gilliam.Robert@epamail.epa.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 162 IS 10 BP 1981 EP 2003 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-2701-z PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 948LW UT WOS:000230718300013 ER PT J AU Gilliam, RC Huber, AH Raman, S AF Gilliam, RC Huber, AH Raman, S TI Metropolitan-scale transport and dispersion from the New York World Trade Center following September 11, 2001. Part II: An application of the CALPUFF plume model SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dispersion modeling; CALPUFF; CALMET; plume modeling; sea breeze; particulate matter ID POWER-PLANT EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE AB Following the collapse of the New York World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001, Local, State, and Federal agencies initiated numerous air monitoring activities to better understand the ongoing impacts of emissions from the disaster. The collapse of the World Trade Center towers and associated fires that lasted for several weeks resulted at times in a noticeable plume of material that was dispersed around the Metropolitan New York City (NYC) area. In general, the plume was only noticeable for a short period of time following September 11, and only apparent close to the World Trade Center site. A study of the estimated pathway which the plume of WTC material would likely follow was completed to support the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 2002 initial exposure assessments. In this study, the WTC emissions were simulated using the CALMET-CALPUFF model in order to examine the general spatial and temporal dispersion patterns over NYC. This paper presents the results of the CALPUFF plume model in terms of plume dilution and location, since the exact source strength remains unknown. Independent observations of PM2.5 are used to support the general dispersion features calculated by the model. Results indicate that the simulated plume matched well with an abnormal increase (600-1000% of normal) in PM2.5 two nights after the WTC collapse as the plume rotated north to southeast, towards parts of NYC. Very little if any evidence of the plume signature was noted during a similar flow scenario a week after September 11. This leads to the conclusion that other than areas within a few kilometers from the WTC site, the PM2.5 plume was not observable over NYC's background concentration after the first few days. C1 N Carolina State Univ, State Climate Off N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, NOAA,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilliam, RC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, State Climate Off N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 162 IS 10 BP 2005 EP 2028 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-2702-y PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 948LW UT WOS:000230718300014 ER PT J AU Brown, KG Foureman, GL AF Brown, KG Foureman, GL TI Concentration-time-response modeling for acute and short-term exposures SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE concentration-time; dose-duration; time-scaling; cxt; CatReg; hydrogen sulfide ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE EXPOSURE; RATS; TOXICITY; LUNG; INHALATION; SURFACE; VAPORS AB Risk of health effects from acute and short-term exposure depends on exposure time as well as exposure concentration. A general approach to extending a concentration-response model to include time as a variable is described using mortality of rats exposed to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an example. This particular example resulted in a logit model with concentration-time (c-t) relationship linear in time and log-concentration. It provided an improved statistical fit, based on the Akaike information criterion in the observed time range, 30m-360m, over implementing the c-t relationship of [ten Berge, W.F., Zwart, A., Appelman, L.M., 1986. Concentration-time mortality response relationship of irritant and systemically acting vapours and gases. J. Hazard. Mater. 13, 301-309] as a default in the logit model. This approach also indicated that there might be a fundamental difference in the relationship between concentration, time, and response at short exposure times, somewhere less than 30m, a hypothesis for further consideration from a biological perspective. In general, the proposed approach provides flexibility to develop a concentration-time-response model, and the associated concentration-time relationship, from the data. Interpretation and potential implications, however, need to be considered within the context of biological plausibility as well. Implementation of the proposed approach requires adequate data for separate concentration-response modeling at each of several exposure durations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 KBinc, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brown, KG (reprint author), KBinc, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM kbinc@mindspring.com NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.06.002 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 969EZ UT WOS:000232217600005 PM 16111795 ER PT J AU Stahl, CH Cimorelli, AJ AF Stahl, CH Cimorelli, AJ TI How much uncertainty is too much and how do we know? A case example of the assessment of ozone monitor network options SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE environmental decision making; policy analysis; precautionary principle; uncertainty AB Limited time and resources usually characterize environmental decision making at policy organizations such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In these climates, addressing uncertainty, usually considered a flaw in scientific analyses, is often avoided. However, ignoring uncertainties can result in unpleasant policy surprises. Furthermore, it is important for decisionmakers to know how defensible a chosen policy option is over other options when the uncertainties of the data are considered. The purpose of this article is to suggest an approach that is unique from other approaches in that it considers uncertainty in two specific ways-the uncertainty of stakeholder values within a particular decision context and data uncertainty in the light of the decision-contextual data-values relationship. It is the premise of this article that the interaction between data and stakeholder values is critical to how the decision options are viewed and determines the effect of data uncertainty on the relative acceptability of the decision options, making the understanding of this interaction important to decisionmakers and other stakeholders. This approach utilizes the recently developed decision analysis framework and process, multi-criteria integrated resource assessment (MIRA). This article will specifically address how MIRA can be used to help decisionmakers better understand the importance of uncertainty on the specific (i.e., decision contextual) environmental policy options that they are deliberating. C1 US EPA, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Stahl, CH (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 3,1650 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1120 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00666.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 978IS UT WOS:000232867400003 PM 16297218 ER PT J AU Thomas, K Sayre, P AF Thomas, K Sayre, P TI Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part I: Evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanomaterials; nanoscale materials; nanotechnology; risk assessment; toxicology ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; BRAIN AB Nanotechnology has the potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness of a number of existing consumer and industrial products and could have a substantial impact on the development of new products ranging from disease diagnosis and treatment to environmental remediation. The broad range of possible nanotechnology applications could lead to substantive changes in industrial productivity, economic growth, and international trade. A continuing evaluation of the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials will be essential before the commercial benefits of these materials can be fully realized. The purpose of this article is to review the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials in the context of a toxicological risk evaluation, the current scope of U.S. Federal research on nanoscale materials, and selected toxicological studies associated with nanoscale materials to note emerging research in this area. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thomas, K (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM kthomas@ilsi.org NR 16 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 87 IS 2 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi270 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 962WA UT WOS:000231762500002 PM 16049265 ER PT J AU Degitz, SJ Holcombe, GW Flynn, KM Kosian, PA Korte, JJ Tietge, JE AF Degitz, SJ Holcombe, GW Flynn, KM Kosian, PA Korte, JJ Tietge, JE TI Progress towards development of an amphibian-based thyroid screening assay using Xenopus laevis. Organismal and thyroidal responses to the model compounds 6-propylthiouracil, methimazole, and thyroxine SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE thyroid; metamorphosis; amphibian ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROGRAM; HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETION; TAIL RESORPTION; DEVELOPING FROG; III DEIODINASE; METAMORPHOSIS; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PEROXIDASE; METHYLMERCAPTOIMIDAZOLE; INACTIVATION AB In response to the initial Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) recommendations, research was conducted on the development of a Xenopus laevis based tail resorption assay for evaluating thyroid axis disruption. This research highlighted key limitations associated with relying on tail resorption as a measure of anti/thyroid activity. The most critical limitation being that tail tissues of tadpoles at metamorphic climax are insensitive to perturbation by thyroid axis agonists/antagonists. To improve upon the initial proposal, we have conducted experiments comparing the sensitivity of pre-metamorphic (stage 51) and pro-metamorphic (stage 54) larvae to the model thyroid axis disruptors methimazole (control, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/l), 6-propylthiouracil (PTU) (control, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/l), and thyroxine (T4) (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mu g/l). Exposures were conducted using two different experimental designs. For experimental design 1, tadpoles were exposed to methimazole or PTU starting at either NF stage 51 or NF 54 for 14 days. For experimental design 2, tadpoles were exposed to PTU or T4 starting at NF stage 51 or NF 54 for 14 and 21 days, respectively. Methimazole and PTU, which are thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitors, both caused a concentration dependent delay in larval development. As determined from this endpoint, there were only minor differences in sensitivity observed among the two stages examined. Further, both compounds caused concentration dependent changes in thyroid gland morphology. These changes were characterized as reduced colloid, glandular hypertrophy, and cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Treatment failed to negatively affect growth, even in tadpoles that experienced significant metamorphic inhibition. T4 treatment resulted in a concentration dependent increase in developmental rate, as would be expected. Similar to studies with methimazole, there were no differences in sensitivity among the two developmental stages examined. These results indicate that tadpoles in the early stages of metamorphosis are sensitive to thyroid axis disruption and that development of a short-term, diagnostic amphibian-based thyroid screening assay shows considerable promise. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Degitz, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM degitz.sigmund@epa.gov NR 39 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 87 IS 2 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi246 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 962WA UT WOS:000231762500007 PM 16002479 ER PT J AU Samsam, TE Hunter, DL Bushnell, PJ AF Samsam, TE Hunter, DL Bushnell, PJ TI Effects of chronic dietary and repeated acute exposure to chlorpyrifos on learning and sustained attention in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Toxicol DE attention; learning; dietary exposure; acute effect; organophosphate; persistent effect; signal detection ID CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; VISUAL SIGNAL-DETECTION; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEUROTOXICITY; APPLICATORS; TASK; ORGANOPHOSPHATES AB Cognitive and motor impairment often follow acute poisoning with an organophosphorous (OP) pesticide. However, the persistence of these effects and the conditions necessary for their appearance are not clear: two specific concerns are whether symptomatic poisoning is necessary for persistent effects, and whether inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity is a protective metric of OP exposure. This study examined the effects of chronic dietary and repeated high-level acute exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (diethyl 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothionate, CPF) on learning and attention. Beginning at 3 months of age, male Long-Evans rats received dietary CPF at a daily dose of 0, 1, or 5 mg/kg for 1 year. Half of each dietary group also received an acute oral dose of CPF (initial dose at 60 mg/kg, 5 doses at 45 mg/kg) every 2 months. Beginning 2 weeks before the fourth acute dose, behavioral assessments were conducted on the eight rats in each of the six exposure groups (0-Oil, 0-CPF, 1-Oil, 1-CPF, 5-Oil, and 5-CPF). Using an auto-shaping procedure, the groups learned to press a lever for food in the following order: 5-Oil, 5-CPF, 1-Oil, and 0-Oil. The 0-CPF and 1-CPF groups did not learn the response in three 50-trial sessions. Chronic CPF did not affect acquisition of other behaviors required by a signal detection task (SDT) designed to assess sustained attention. The sixth acute CPF dose significantly disrupted the SDT in all dosed groups. Two months after the end of dosing, performance of the SDT was impaired in the 5-CPF group. These data suggest that learning the contingency between an action and reward may be accelerated by chronic exposure to CPF and inhibited by previous symptomatic exposure to CPF, and that persistent cognitive impairment may follow if CPF exposure inhibits brain ChE activity and is accompanied by acute doses sufficient to induce signs of toxicity. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bushnell.philip@epa.gov NR 44 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 87 IS 2 BP 460 EP 468 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi264 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 962WA UT WOS:000231762500017 PM 16033991 ER PT J AU Sander, M Cadet, J Casciano, DA Galloway, SM Marnett, LJ Novak, RF Pettit, SD Preston, RJ Skare, JA Williams, GM Van Houten, B Gollapudi, BB AF Sander, M Cadet, J Casciano, DA Galloway, SM Marnett, LJ Novak, RF Pettit, SD Preston, RJ Skare, JA Williams, GM Van Houten, B Gollapudi, BB TI Proceedings of a workshop on DNA adducts: Biological significance and applications to risk assessment Washington, DC, April 13-14, 2004 SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; DNA; DNA adducts; DNA damage; workshop report ID ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANT 3-NITROBENZANTHRONE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; A/J MOUSE LUNG; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; IN-VIVO; GENOME REARRANGEMENTS; CARCINOGENIC RISK; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; LIVER-CANCER; HUMAN-CELLS AB In April 2004, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, a branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, organized a workshop to discuss the biological significance of DNA adducts. Workshop speakers and attendees included leading international experts from government, academia, and industry in the field of adduct detection and interpretation. The workshop initially examined the relationship between measured adduct levels in the context of exposure and dose. This was followed by a discussion on the complex response of cells to deal with genotoxic insult in complex, interconnected, and interdependent repair pathways. One of the major objectives of the workshop was to address the recurring question about the mechanistic and toxicological relevance of low-concentration measured adducts and the presentations in the session entitled "Can low levels of DNA adducts predict adverse outcomes?" served as catalysts for further discussions on this subject during the course of the workshop. Speakers representing the regulatory community and industry reviewed the value, current practices, and limitations of utilizing DNA adduct data in risk assessment and addressed a number of practical questions pertaining to these issues. While no consensus statement emerged on the biological significance of low levels of DNA adducts, the workshop concluded by identifying the need for more experimental data to address this important question. One of the recommendations stemming from this workshop was the need to develop an interim "decision-logic" or framework to guide the integration of DNA adduct data in the risk assessment process. HESI has recently formed a subcommittee consisting of experts in the field and other key stakeholders to address this recommendation as well as to identify specific research projects that could help advance the understanding of the biological significance of low levels of DNA adducts. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Page 1 Editorial Serv, Durham, NC 27707 USA. French Atom Energy Comiss, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19486 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Inst Chem Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Wayne State Univ, Inst Chem Toxicol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cent Product Safety, Cincinnati, OH 45217 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Toxicol & Pathol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Pettit, SD (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,9th Floor NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM spettit@ilsi.org NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.012 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 972TT UT WOS:000232476800001 PM 16164957 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Jaeger, JR Shanahan, SA AF Bradford, DF Jaeger, JR Shanahan, SA TI Distributional changes and populations status of amphibians in the Eastern Mojave Desert SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE amphibian; desert; distribution; distributional change; Mojave Desert; population status; springs; wetland ID BUFO-MICROSCAPHUS; RANA-ONCA; HYBRIDIZATION; DECLINES; ARIZONA; EXTINCTIONS; NEVADA; FROGS AB Several amphibian species historically inahabited sparsely distributed wetlands in the Mojave Desert of western North America, habitats that have been dramatically altered or eliminated as a result of human activities. The population status and distributional changes of amphibians were investigated over a 20,000-km(2) area in the eastern Mojave Desert in 2 ways. For upland sites (i.e., sites outside of major valleys and river floodplains), where wetland habitat is almost exclusively springs, encounter surveys were conducted at 128 sites in 1997-1999, and results were compared to historical (pre-1970) locality records. For lowland sites (i.e., sites within major valleys and river floodplains), locality records and field surveys in 1995-2004 were reviewed to detect changes in distribution over time. Amphibaians were found at 79% of upland sites. By far the most common species was the red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus, 73% of sites), followed by the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), Woodhouse's toad (B. woodhousii), relict leopard frog (Rana onca), and the introduced American bullfrog (R. catesbeiana). Taxa observed or collected in the lowlands since 1990 were Woodhouse's toad, Pacific chorus frog, American bullfrog, and the introduced tiger salamander (Ambystoam tigrinum). Four taxa (Vegas Valley leopard frog [Rana sp.], Arizona toad [B. microscaphus], Great Plains toad [ B. cognatus], and Great Basin spadefoot [Spea intermontana]) had historical records but no evidence of occurence in the study area within the past 5 decades. The amphibian fauna of the study area has changed dramatically in the past century, primarily at lowland sites where habitat loss and modification have been extreme. Striking changes are the nearly complete replacement of native leopard frogs (i.e., Vegas Valley and relict leopard frogs) with the introduced bullfrog, and the complete replacement of the Arizona toad in Las Vegas Valley with Woodhouse's toad hybrids with predominantly Woodhouse's traits. In contrast, the distributions of 2 species characteristic of upland springs, red-spotted toad and Pacific chorus frog, appear to have changed little from their historical distributions. despite habitat modification at many sites. C1 US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. So Nevada Water Author, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 65 IS 4 BP 462 EP 472 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989OP UT WOS:000233683700005 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Varma, RS AF Kim, YJ Varma, RS TI Tetrahaloindate(III)-based ionic liquids in the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates: H-bonding and mechanistic studies SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; PROPYLENE-OXIDE; CATALYST SYSTEM; OXIDATIVE CARBONYLATION; CHEMICAL FIXATION; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; CO2; IMIDAZOLIUM; COMPLEXES; OXIRANES AB The microwave reactions of InX3 with [Q]Y produce a series of tetrahaloindate(III)-based ionic liquids (ILs) with a general formula of [Q] [InX3Y] (Q = imidazolium, phosphonium, ammonium, and pyridinium; X = Cl, Br, I; Y = Cl, Br). The reaction Of CO2 with a variety of epoxides has been examined in the presence of these ILs wherein tetrahaloindate(III)-based ILs are found to exhibit high catalytic activities and evidence is presented that supports the significant role of H-bonding interactions in the [Q] [InX3Y] -catalyzed coupling reactions. The effects of various parameters such as temperature, pressure, and molar ratio of propylene oxide to catalyst have been investigated, and the plausible reaction mechanism based on the H-1 and C-13 NMR studies is presented for the formation of propylene carbonate. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 58 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 20 BP 7882 EP 7891 DI 10.1021/jo050699x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 968MO UT WOS:000232166800009 PM 16277307 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B Grossman, GD AF Rashleigh, B Grossman, GD TI An individual-based simulation model for mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in a southern Appalachian stream SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE density-dependence; population regulation; stream fish; individual-based model; density-independent ID LAKE FISH COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGE STABILITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SIERRA-NEVADA; RECRUITMENT; MOVEMENT; SEASON; RIVER; MANAGEMENT AB We describe and analyze a spatially explicit, individual-based model for the local population dynamics of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi). The model simulated daily growth, mortality, movement and spawning of individuals within a reach of stream. Juvenile and adult growth was based on consumption bioenergetics of benthic macroinvertebrate prey; benthic macroinvertebrate densities were a function of flow, season, and habitat quality. We based mortality rates of individual sculpin on their condition. Fish movement was determined by a growth maximization rule. We adjusted selected parameters to calibrate the model for a sculpin population in a southern Appalachian stream, in terms of adult and juvenile abundance and mean adult weight and length. Sensitivity and correlation analysis of the calibrated model suggested that this population was regulated by overwinter density-dependence among juveniles and adults. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Rashleigh.Brenda@epa.gov NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 25 PY 2005 VL 187 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.047 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969WR UT WOS:000232266900008 ER PT J AU Wiedinmyer, C Greenberg, J Guenther, A Hopkins, B Baker, K Geron, C Palmer, PI Long, BP Turner, JR Petron, G Harley, P Pierce, TE Lamb, B Westberg, H Baugh, W Koerber, M Janssen, M AF Wiedinmyer, C Greenberg, J Guenther, A Hopkins, B Baker, K Geron, C Palmer, PI Long, BP Turner, JR Petron, G Harley, P Pierce, TE Lamb, B Westberg, H Baugh, W Koerber, M Janssen, M TI Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE): Measurements and modeling of the "isoprene volcano'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION CAPACITY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY; SURFACE; FORMALDEHYDE; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; VERSION AB The Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE) was conducted in July 1998 in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Oklahoma. OZIE was designed to investigate the presumed strong isoprene emission rates from the Missouri Ozarks, where there is a high density of oak trees that are efficient isoprene emitters. Ground, balloon, and aircraft measurements were taken over a three-week study period; 0-D and 3-D chemical models were subsequently used to better understand the observed isoprene emissions from the Ozarks and to investigate their potential regional-scale impacts. Leaf-level measurements for two oak tree species yielded normalized average isoprene emission capacities of 66 mgC g(-1) h(-1), in good agreement with values used in current biogenic emissions models. However, the emission capacities exhibited a temperature dependence that is not captured by commonly used biogenic emission models. Isoprene mixing ratios measured aloft from tethered balloon systems were used to estimate isoprene fluxes. These measurement-derived fluxes agreed with BEIS3 estimates within the relatively large uncertainties in the estimates. Ground-level isoprene mixing ratios exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity, ranging from <1 to 35 ppbv. The agreement between measured isoprene mixing ratios and regional-scale chemical transport model estimates was improved upon averaging the ground-level isoprene data observed at several sites within a representative area. Ground-level formaldehyde (HCHO) mixing ratios were very high (up to 20 ppbv) and were consistently higher than mixing ratios predicted by a regional chemical transport model. The spatial distribution and magnitude of the elevated HCHO concentrations showed good agreement with GOME satellite column observations of HCHO. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Des Plaines, IL 60018 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM christin@ucar.edu RI Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Baker, Kirk/E-5958-2011; Harley, Peter/E-1856-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Wiedinmyer, Christine/E-2049-2013 OI Harley, Peter/0000-0002-2647-1973; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; NR 38 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D18 AR D18307 DI 10.1029/2005JD005800 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968RL UT WOS:000232179800004 ER PT J AU Shen, M Berndt, SI Rothman, N DeMarini, DM Mumford, JL He, XZ Bonner, MR Tian, LW Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Zheng, TZ Caporaso, N Lan, Q AF Shen, M Berndt, SI Rothman, N DeMarini, DM Mumford, JL He, XZ Bonner, MR Tian, LW Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Zheng, TZ Caporaso, N Lan, Q TI Polymorphisms in the DNA nucleotide excision repair genes and lung cancer risk in Xuan Wei, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; DNA repair; single nucleotide polymorphism; nucleotide excision repair; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ID COAL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; ERCC2 POLYMORPHISMS; XPD POLYMORPHISMS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; INDOOR COAL; POPULATION; XRCC1; SMOKING; MUTATIONS; EXPOSURE AB The lung cancer mortality rate in Xuan Wei County is among the highest in China and has been attributed to exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions that contain very high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays a key role in reversing DNA damage from exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as PAHs, that form bulky DNA adducts. We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their corresponding haplotypes in 6 genes (ERCC1, ERCC2/XPD, ERCC4/XPF, ERCC5/XPG, RAD23B and XPC) involved in NER in a population-based case-control study of lung cancer in Xuan Wei. A total of 122 incident primary lung cancer cases and 122 individually matched controls were enrolled. Three linked SNPs in ERCC2 were associated with lung cancer with similar ORs; e.g., persons with the Gin allele at codon 751 had a 60% reduction of lung cancer (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.89). Moreover, one haplotype in ERCC2 was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.85) compared to the most common haplotype. In addition, subjects with one or 2 copies of the Val allele at codon 249 of RAD23B had a 2-fold increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.12-3.24). In summary, our results suggest that genetic variants in genes involved in the NER pathway may play a role in lung cancer susceptibility in Xuan Wei. However, due to the small sample size, additional studies are needed to evaluate these associations within Xuan Wei and in other populations with substantial environmental exposure to PAHs. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. RP Shen, M (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM shenmi@mail.nih.gov RI Tian, Linwei/A-9736-2009 OI Tian, Linwei/0000-0002-4739-1534 NR 39 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1002/ijc.21117 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 953BG UT WOS:000231050000016 PM 15849729 ER PT J AU Katsanou, V Papadaki, O Milatos, S Blackshear, PJ Anderson, P Kollias, G Kontoyiannis, DL AF Katsanou, V Papadaki, O Milatos, S Blackshear, PJ Anderson, P Kollias, G Kontoyiannis, DL TI HuR as a negative posttranscriptional modulator in inflammation SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID BINDING PROTEIN HUR; MESSENGER-RNA DESTABILIZATION; AU-RICH ELEMENTS; TNF-ALPHA; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; TRANSLATIONAL SILENCER; TRISTETRAPROLIN; EXPRESSION; TARGET; STABILITY AB HuR is an RNA binding protein with an alleged role in the posttranscriptional activation of inflammatory mRNAs bearing AU-rich elements (AREs). Here, we show that the inducible increase of HuR in murine innate compartments suppresses inflammatory responses in vivo. In macrophages, HuR overexpression induced the translational silencing of specific cytokine mRNAs despite positive or nominal effects on their corresponding turnover. By using a model system of ARE dysfunction, we demonstrate that HuR does not alter the accumulation of target mRNAs in the absence of the destabilizing functions of Tristetraprolin but synergizes with the translational silencer TIA-1 to reduce the translation of cytokine mRNAs. Our data suggest that HuR acts in a pleiotropic fashion in inflammation through its functional interactions with specific mRNA subsets and negative posttranscriptional modules. C1 Biomed Sci Res Ctr Alexander Fleming, Inst Immunol, Vari 16672, Greece. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Rheumatol Immunol & Allergy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kontoyiannis, DL (reprint author), Biomed Sci Res Ctr Alexander Fleming, Inst Immunol, Vari 16672, Greece. EM d.kontoyiannis@fleming.gr RI Kollias, George/A-7079-2012 OI Kollias, George/0000-0003-1867-3150 NR 39 TC 137 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD SEP 16 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.08.007 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 966BM UT WOS:000231994600009 PM 16168373 ER PT J AU Law, DCG Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Dunson, DB Longnecker, MP AF Law, DCG Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Dunson, DB Longnecker, MP TI Maternal serum levels of polychlorinated Biphenyls and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and time to pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene; fertility; fertilization; hydrocarbons; chlorinated; polychlorinated biphenyls; pregnancy; reproduction ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CONTAMINATED SPORT FISH; HUMAN FOLLICULAR-FLUID; BREAST-FEEDING WOMEN; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; LAKE-ONTARIO; RISK-FACTOR; HUMAN-MILK; CONSUMPTION AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), once used widely in transformers and other applications, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), the main metabolite of the pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), are hormonally active agents. Changes in menstrual cycle functioning associated with PCBs and DDE, and increased odds of spontaneous abortion associated with DDE, suggest that these compounds could affect fertility. The authors investigated the association between PCB and DDE exposure and time to pregnancy by using serum levels measured in 390 pregnant women in the Collaborative Perinatal Project enrolled at 12 study centers in the United States from 1959 to 1965. They estimated adjusted fecundability odds ratios by using Cox proportional hazards modeling for discrete time data. Compared with time to pregnancy for women in the lowest exposure category (PCBs < 1.24 mu g/liter, DDE < 14 mu g/liter), time to pregnancy increased for women in the highest exposure category in terms of both PCBs (fecundability odds ratio for PCBs >= 5.00 mu g/liter = 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.36, 1.18) and DDE (fecundability odds ratio for DDE >= 60 mu g/liter = 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.32, 1.31). Overall, time to pregnancy increased with increasing serum PCB levels but was less suggestive of an association with DDE. Both trends were imprecise and attenuated when expressed on a lipid basis. Overall, evidence of an association between PCB or DDE exposure and time to pregnancy was weak and inconclusive. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Warren Wilson Coll, Dept Chem, Asheville, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnec1@niehs.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 74 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 6 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi240 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 961XL UT WOS:000231695000005 PM 16093292 ER PT J AU Vahatalo, AV Zepp, RG AF Vahatalo, AV Zepp, RG TI Photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic nitrogen to ammonium in the Baltic Sea SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE NITROGEN; CARBONYL SULFIDE; COLLOIDAL MATTER; NATURAL-WATERS; QUANTUM YIELD; HUMIC LAKE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; NUTRIENTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; EUTROPHICATION AB Solar-radiation-induced photochemistry can be considered as a new source of nutrients when photochemical reactions release bioavailable nitrogen from biologically nonreactive dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Pretreatments of Baltic Sea waters in the dark indicated that > 72% of DON was recalcitrant to biological mineralization. When this DON (16-21.5 mu M) was exposed to simulated solar radiation, the concentration of NH4+ increased 0.5-2.5 mu M more in irradiated waters than in the dark controls. The photochemical production of NH4+ and the dose of absorbed photons were used to calculate the apparent quantum yield spectrum for photoammonification [mol NH4+ (mol photons)(-1) nm(-1)] at wavelengths (lambda) of 290-700 nm (phi NH4,lambda). The modeled mean rates of photoammonification based on phi NH4,lambda were 143 and 53 mu mol NH4+ m(-2) d(-1) at the surface and in the whole water column, respectively, of Baltic Sea stations during summer. The results of this study indicate that the rate of photoammonification approximately equals and periodically exceeds the rate of atmospheric deposition of reactive inorganic nitrogen to the northern Baltic Sea. Forthese stratified surface waters beyond riverine input of labile nitrogen, photoammonification can periodically be the largest source of new bioavailable nitrogen. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vahatalo, AV (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM anssi.vahatalo@helsinki.fi; zepp.richard@epa.gov NR 43 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 6985 EP 6992 DI 10.1021/es050142z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700015 PM 16201620 ER PT J AU Stow, CA Walker, JT Cardoch, L Spence, P Stow, CA AF Stow, CA Walker, JT Cardoch, L Spence, P Stow, CA TI N2O emissions from streams in the Neuse River watershed, North Carolina SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; TRENDS; EXPORT; USA AB We present N2O emission data from 11 sites in the Neuse River watershed. Emissions were measured using a static surface enclosure technique deployed on eight sites on the main river channel and three tributary sites. Ancillary data collected included dissolved oxygen, nitrate, total nitrogen, ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus, and temperature. Analysis using standard linear models, and classification and regression trees (CART), indicated nitrate to be the primary driving variable associated with N2O emission, although dissolved organic carbon concentration and water temperature were positively related with N2O emission as well. Relationships between nitrate concentration and N2O emission were consistent with those found in previous studies, although the data presented here representthe lower end of the range for both variables among published studies. Using our measured N2O emission rates along with literature values for the ratio of nitrogen gas to N2O produced during denitrification, we estimate N loss via denitrification in the Neuse River is approximately 17% of the annual N load delivered to the estuary. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM cstow@sc.edu RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014; OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 6999 EP 7004 DI 10.1021/es0500355 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700017 PM 16201622 ER PT J AU Brooks, MC Wise, WR AF Brooks, MC Wise, WR TI Errors in NAPL volume estimates due to systematic measurement errors during partitioning tracer tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; REMEDIATION PERFORMANCE; NONLINEARITIES; SATURATION AB During moment-based analyses of partitioning tracer tests, systematic errors in volume and concentration measurements propagate to yield errors in the saturation and volume estimates for nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). Derived expressions could be applied to help practitioners bracket their estimates of NAPL saturation and volume obtained from such tests. In practice, many of these effects may be overshadowed by other complications experienced in the field. Errors are propagated for systematic constant (offset) volume, proportional volume, and constant (offset) concentration errors. Previous efforts to quantify the impact of these errors were predicated upon the specific assumption that nonpartitioning and partitioning masses were equal. The current work relaxes that assumption and is therefore more general in scope. Through the use of nondimensional concentration, systematic proportional concentration errors do not affect the accuracy of the method. Specific consideration needs to be given to accurate flow measurements and minimizing baseline concentration errors when performing partitioning tracer tests in order to prevent the propagation of systematic errors. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Kerr Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wise, WR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bwise@ufl.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 7164 EP 7169 DI 10.1021/es048739m PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700039 PM 16201644 ER PT J AU Brooks, MC Wise, WR AF Brooks, MC Wise, WR TI Uncertainty in NAPL volume estimates due to random measurement errors during partitioning tracer tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; NONLINEARITIES; REMEDIATION AB The uncertainty in NAPL volume estimates obtained through partitioning tracers can be quantified as a function of random errors in volume and concentration measurements when moments are calculated from experimentally measured breakthrough curves using the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration. The methodology is based upon standard stochastic methods for random error propagation. Monte Carlo simulations using a synthetic data set derived from the one-dimensional solution of the advective-dispersive equation serve to verify the process. It is shown that the uncertainty in NAPL volume predictions nonlinearly increases as the retardation factor decreases. An important result of this observation is that there is a large degree of uncertainty in using partitioning tracers to conclude NAPL is absent from the swept zone. Under the conditions investigated, random errors in concentration measurements are shown to have a greater impact on NAPL volume uncertainty than random errors in volume measurements, and it is also shown that uncertainty in NAPL volume decreases as the resolution of the breakthrough curves increases. The impact of uncertainty in background retardation (i.e., sorption of partitioning tracers in the absence of NAPL) was also investigated, and it likewise indicated that the relative uncertainty in NAPL volume estimates increases as the retardation factor decreases. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Kerr Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wise, WR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bwise@ufl.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 7170 EP 7175 DI 10.1021/es048738u PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700040 PM 16201645 ER PT J AU Hu, C Zhang, TC Huang, YH Dahab, MF Surampalli, R AF Hu, C Zhang, TC Huang, YH Dahab, MF Surampalli, R TI Effects of long-term wastewater application on chemical properties and phosphorus adsorption capacity in soils of a wastewater land treatment system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHATE; INDICATOR; MOVEMENT; KINETICS; LOSSES; MODEL AB The buildup of phosphorus (P) in the soil is a major factor limiting the operating life of a wastewater land treatment system. In this study, we evaluated changes of chemical properties, P profiles, and adsorption isotherms in the soils of a Muskegon wastewater land treatment system, which has received wastewater for similar to 30 years. It was found that the pH in the 15-cm topsoil increased from similar to 5-6 in 1973 to similar to 7.4-7.8 in 2003; a large amount of salt (e.g., Ca, Mg) in wastewater was adsorbed by the soil; the soil Al content (either exchangeable or oxalate extractable) decreased, while the oxalate-extractable Fe content remained at the same level. Ca-bound P accounted for >= 70% of the total P adsorbed in the soil. The soil P adsorption capacity increased and was positively correlated with the concentration of exchangeable Ca in the soil. A higher concentration of exchangeable Ca was found in the 15-cm topsoil,where a higher total organic carbon was present. More P was accumulated in the upper soil than in the deeper soil. The adsorption of Ca in wastewater by the soil may extend the life expectancy of the Muskegon land treatment system. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68182 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Zhang, TC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, 205D PKI,Omaha Campus, Lincoln, NE 68182 USA. EM tzhang@unomaha.edu NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 7240 EP 7245 DI 10.1021/es050526p PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700049 PM 16201654 ER PT J AU Hantush, MM AF Hantush, MM TI Modeling stream-aquifer interactions with linear response functions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank storage; base flow; stream flow routing; aquifer; groundwater; analytical model; laplace transform; impulse response function; unit step response function ID BANK STORAGE; BOUSSINESQ EQUATION; STAGE FLUCTUATIONS; FLOW; SIMULATION; SEEPAGE AB The problem of stream-aquifer interactions is pertinent to conjunctive-use management of water resources and riparian zone hydrology. Closed form solutions expressed as convolution integrals of impulse response and unit step response functions are derived for channel flow and stream-aquifer interactions. The solutions, obtained using Laplace transforms, relate channel reach discharge, stream-aquifer exchange rates, and associated flow volumes to hydrologic processes and regulatory and management control measures. Channel flow is modeled using a simple mass balance equation and the Muskingum linear storage relationship, and groundwater flow is approximated by a linearized representation of the one-dimensional Boussinesq equation. Within a given channel reach, the aquifer is assumed to be homogeneous, separated from the channel by a semipervious layer, and with a time-variable prescribed head or no-flow boundary condition at a finite distance normal to the channel flow direction. Discrete-time unit response functions are derived for arbitrary channel inflow hydrographs and other system's excitations, which extend the utility of the model to a wider spectrum of water management problems. Although the closed-form solutions are based on simplifying assumptions which may limit the utility of the solutions, applications to example flow scenarios nonetheless illustrate the robustness of the solutions to a variety of applications such as the bank storage problem, effect of drought periods, and groundwater-surface water interactions in the presence of water management controls. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, ORD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hantush.mohamed@epa.gov NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 311 IS 1-4 BP 59 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.007 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 968PN UT WOS:000232174600005 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH Jeong, SW Jewell, KP Masoner, JR AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH Jeong, SW Jewell, KP Masoner, JR TI Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WATER AB Groundwater monitoring wells (about 70 wells) were extensively installed in 28 sites surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, to assess the impact of geochemical stressors to shallow groundwater quality. The monitoring wells were classified into three groups (residential area, agricultural area, and oil field area) depending on their land uses. During a 2-year period from 1999 to 2001 the monitoring wells were sampled every 3 months on a seasonal basis. Water quality assay consisted of 25 parameters including field parameters, nutrients, major ions, and trace elements. Occurrence and level of inorganics in groundwater samples were related to the land use and temporal change. Groundwater of the agricultural area showed lower levels of ferrous iron and nitrate than the residential area. The summer season data revealed more distinct differences in inorganic profiles of the two land use groundwater samples. There is a possible trend that nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased as the proportions of cultivated area increased. Water-soluble ferrous iron occurred primarily in water samples with a low dissolved oxygen concentration and/or a negative redox potential. The presence of brine waste in shallow groundwater was detected by chloride and conductivity in oil field area. Dissolved trace metals and volatile organic carbons were not in a form of concentration to be stressors. This study showed that the quality of shallow ground water could be related to regional geochemical stressors surrounding the take. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 1 Hwayang Dong, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM anyjoo@konkuk.ac.kr NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 348 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972OE UT WOS:000232462300020 PM 16162329 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Durnford, J Thomas, K AF Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Durnford, J Thomas, K TI Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the measurement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in human urine SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); urine; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); immunoassay; 96-microwell; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; LAWN APPLICATIONS; DAY-CARE; 2,4-D; IMMUNOASSAY; CHILDREN; SAMPLES; DUST; SOIL AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was developed to quantitatively measure 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in human urine. Samples were diluted (1:5) with phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween and 0.02% sodium azide, with analysis by a 96-microwell plate immunoassay format. No clean up was required as dilution step minimized sample interferences. Fifty urine samples were received without identifiers from a subset of pesticide applicators and their spouses in an EPA pesticide exposure study (PES) and analyzed by the ELISA method and a conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GUMS) procedure. For the GC/MS analysis, urine samples were extracted with acidic dichloromethane (DCM); methylated by diazomethane and fractionated by a Florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) column prior to GC/MS detection. The percent relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.) of the 96-microwell plate triplicate assays ranged from 1.2 to 22% for the urine samples. Day-to-day variation of the assay results was within +/- 20%. Quantitative recoveries (> 70%) of 2,4-D were obtained for the spiked urine samples by the ELISA method. Quantitative recoveries (> 80%) of 2,4-D were also obtained for these samples by the GUMS procedure. The overall method precision of these samples was within 20% for both the ELISA and GC/MS methods. The estimated quantification limit for 2,4-D in urine was 30 ng/mL by ELISA and 0.2 ng/mL by GUMS. A higher quantification limit for the ELISA method is partly due to the requirement of a 1:5 dilution to remove the urine sample matrix effect. The GUMS method can accommodate a 10: 1 concentration factor (10 mL of urine converted into 1 mL organic solvent for analysis) but requires extraction, methylation and clean up on a solid phase column. The immunoassay and GC/MS data were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 and a slope of 1.00. Favorable results between the two methods were achieved despite the vast differences in sample preparation. Results indicated that the ELISA method could be used as a high throughput, quantitative monitoring tool for human urine samples to identify individuals with exposure to 2,4-D above the typical background levels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Expos Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM chuangj@battelle.org NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 658 EP 666 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.04.063 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 965FR UT WOS:000231936400036 PM 18970221 ER PT J AU Stroud, C Makar, P Karl, T Guenther, A Geron, C Turnipseed, A Nemitz, E Baker, B Potosnak, M Fuentes, JD AF Stroud, C Makar, P Karl, T Guenther, A Geron, C Turnipseed, A Nemitz, E Baker, B Potosnak, M Fuentes, JD TI Role of canopy-scale photochemistry in modifying biogenic-atmosphere exchange of reactive terpene species: Results from the CELTIC field study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; OH RADICAL FORMATION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ISOPRENE; OZONE; HYDROCARBONS; VEGETATION AB [1] A one-dimensional canopy model was used to quantify the impact of photochemistry in modifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases. Canopy escape efficiencies, defined as the fraction of emission that escapes into the well-mixed boundary layer, were calculated for reactive terpene species. The modeled processes of emission, photochemistry, diffusive transport, and deposition were highly constrained based on intensive observations collected in a Loblolly Pine plantation at Duke Forest, North Carolina, during the CELTIC field study. Canopy top fluxes for isoprene and alpha,beta-pinene were not significantly altered by photochemistry as calculated escape efficiencies were greater than 0.90 for both species. beta-caryophyllene emission and photochemistry were added to the canopy model as a surrogate for the reactive sesquiterpene class of species. beta-caryopyllene escape efficiencies of 0.30 were calculated for midday summertime conditions. Urbanization scenarios were also performed to assess the impact of pollution on modifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange. Modest changes in escape efficiencies were calculated for a wide range of anthropogenic hydrocarbon and NOx mixing ratios suggesting a simple parameterization of escape efficiency in terms of grid cell NOx may be possible for incorporating the impact of canopy scale photochemistry within biogenic emission processing systems for regional air quality and climate models. The inferred magnitude of sesquiterpene ozonolysis reactions has important implications on both daytime and nighttime radical formation in the canopy. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Stroud, C (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM craig.stroud@ec.gc.ca RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 41 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 13 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D17 AR D17303 DI 10.1029/2005JD005775 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967SF UT WOS:000232110800004 ER PT J AU Chang, W Small, DA Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Chang, W Small, DA Toghrol, F Bentley, WE TI Microarray analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals induction of pyocin genes in response to hydrogen peroxide SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-DAMAGE; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELL-DIVISION; IRON; RESISTANCE; SUPEROXIDE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE AB Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen infecting those with cystic fibrosis, encounters toxicity from phagocyte-derived reactive oxidants including hydrogen peroxide during active infection. P. aeruginosa responds with adaptive and protective strategies against these toxic species to effectively infect humans. Despite advances in our understanding of the responses to oxidative stress in many specific cases, the connectivity between targeted protective genes and the rest of cell metabolism remains obscure. Results: Herein, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the cellular responses to hydrogen peroxide in order to determine a more complete picture of how oxidative stress-induced genes are related and regulated. Our data reinforce the previous conclusion that DNA repair proteins and catalases may be among the most vital antioxidant defense systems of P. aeruginosa. Our results also suggest that sublethal oxidative damage reduces active and/or facilitated transport and that intracellular iron might be a key factor for a relationship between oxidative stress and iron regulation. Perhaps most intriguingly, we revealed that the transcription of all F-, R-, and S-type pyocins was upregulated by oxidative stress and at the same time, a cell immunity protein ( pyocin S2 immunity protein) was downregulated, possibly leading to self-killing activity. Conclusion: This finding proposes that pyocin production might be another novel defensive scheme against oxidative attack by host cells. C1 US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM changw@umbi.umd.edu; small.davida@epa.gov; toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov; bentley@eng.umd.edu RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 54 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 8 PY 2005 VL 6 BP 1 EP 14 AR 115 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-115 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 973KG UT WOS:000232520700001 PM 16150148 ER PT J AU Ju, YH Varma, RS AF Ju, YH Varma, RS TI Microwave-assisted cyclocondensation of hydrazine derivatives with alkyl dihalides or ditosylates in aqueous media: syntheses of pyrazole, pyrazolidine and phthalazine derivatives SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cyclocondensation; microwave irradiation; heterocycles; 4,5-dihydro-pyrazole; 1,2-dihydro-phthalazine ID 1,3-BRIDGED AROMATIC SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-REACTIONS; IRRADIATION; EFFICIENT; CONVENIENT; CHEMISTRY; CATALYSIS; HALIDES; AMINES; AGENTS AB Direct syntheses of 4,5-dihydro-pyrazole, pyrazolidine, and 1,2-dihydro-phthalazine derivatives via double-alkylation of hydrazines by alkyl dihalides or ditosylates were accomplished in aqueous media under microwave irradiation conditions; the environmentally friendlier chemical transformation occurred in a single step and eliminated the use of expensive metal catalysts in building two C-N bonds. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443,26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 37 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 36 BP 6011 EP 6014 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.018 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 957AQ UT WOS:000231342000007 ER PT J AU Lee, DL Hsu, CW Lee, H Chang, HW Huang, YCT AF Lee, DL Hsu, CW Lee, H Chang, HW Huang, YCT TI Beneficial effects of albuterol therapy driven by heliox versus by oxygen in severe asthma exacerbation SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE helium; bronchial asthma; peak expiratory flow rate; dyspnea score ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY-ACIDOSIS; EXPIRATORY FLOW; HUMAN-LUNG; MIXTURES; VENTILATION; TRIAL; AIR; LOCALIZATION; DEPOSITION AB Objectives: To determine and define the beneficial effects of heliox-driven albuterol therapy on severe asthma exacerbation and clinical factors that affect greater response. Methods: The authors conducted two randomized, double-blinded, controlled trials in patients with severe asthma exacerbation. The first trial recruited 80 patients in the emergency department (ED). They received three consecutive doses of albuterol delivered by a nebulizer powered by either 02 (02 group) or heliox (He/O-2 = 80:20; heliox group). Changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were compared, and factors influencing the response to heliox-driven albuterol therapy were identified. The second trial of 80 patients was conducted in older patients, a subpopulation associated with greater response in the first trial. Results: In the first trial, the heliox group had more rapid and greater improvement in PEF compared with the 02 group. There tended to be more patients in the heliox group reaching the predetermined dischargeable PEF (> 60% predicted) after three albuterol treatments (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 6.46; p = 0.069). For patients eventually discharged from the ED, the ED stay was shorter by 10 minutes per patient in the heliox group compared with the 02 group (p = 0.007). Logistic regression showed older age and lower pretreatment PEF to be associated with favorable heliox responses. The second trial, which recruited older patients (older than 40 years), showed greater improvement in PEF and dyspnea score with heliox-driven albuterol therapy in patients with lower pretreatment PEF. Conclusions: Heliox-driven albuterol may be a useful adjunct therapy for older asthmatic patients with severe asthma exacerbation. C1 Kaohsiung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. Kaohsiung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Med, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Lee, DL (reprint author), Kaohsiung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med, 386 Ta Chung 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. EM leelin.s0996@msa.hinet.net NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 9 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2005.04.020 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 962GT UT WOS:000231719700005 PM 16141015 ER PT J AU Gitis, V Freger, V Haugth, RC Clark, RM AF Gitis, V Freger, V Haugth, RC Clark, RM TI Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by rapid sand filtration with ballasted flocculation-filtration and intermediate downwashes SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE ripening; particle addition; hydrodynamic forces; Kaolin; deep-bed filtration AB A novel and efficient protocol optimising deep-bed filtration of surface water was developed. The innovation lies in ballasted-flocculation filtration and an intermediate downwash. The approach is based on the assumption that kaolin particles with a partial positive charge may adsorb onto the surface of C. parvum oocysts and neutralize their negative charge. Application of this technology enhanced removal of inorganic particles and Cryptosporidium, parvum oocysts by approximately 30% and shortened the ripening stage of the filtration process from 1 h to about 10 min. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gitis, V (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Engn, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM gitis@bgumail.bgu.ac.il RI Freger, Viatcheslav/B-4182-2017 OI Freger, Viatcheslav/0000-0001-8067-052X NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1002/aheh.200200584 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 981CJ UT WOS:000233064500007 ER PT J AU Harville, EW Wilcox, AJ Lie, RT Vindenes, H Abyholm, F AF Harville, EW Wilcox, AJ Lie, RT Vindenes, H Abyholm, F TI Cleft lip and palate versus cleft lip only: Are they distinct defects? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; cleft lip; cleft palate; Norway ID ORAL CLEFTS; MALFORMATIONS; CLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Cleft lip defects are usually regarded as a single entity, with the assumption that an accompanying cleft palate represents the more severe form. The authors linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway with medical records from two centralized centers to provide a population-based data set. They assessed the distribution of cleft lip only and cleft lip with cleft palate by covariate. Among 1.8 million Norwegian livebirths between 1967 and 1998, there were 1,572 cases of cleft lip with cleft palate and 1,122 cases with cleft lip only. Seventeen percent of those with cleft lip and palate had another defect compared with 9% of those with cleft lip only. For boys, the risk was greater for cleft lip and palate than for cleft lip only (odds ratio = 2.4 vs. 1.8, p < 0.001 for difference). The risk of cleft lip only, but not of cleft lip and palate, was increased for twins (odds ratio = 1.6 vs. 1.1, p = 0.11) and infants whose parents were first cousins (odds ratio = 2.7 vs. 0.7, p = 0.07). Although cleft lip with cleft palate may simply represent a more severe form of the defect, epidemiologic assessments of cleft lip should, when possible, include separate analyses of these two groups. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bergen, Haukeland Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Natl Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Oslo, Norway. RP Harville, EW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ewh@unc.edu OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 19 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 5 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi214 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 957IP UT WOS:000231363800008 PM 16076837 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Piantadosi, CA Wang, XC Dailey, LA Stonehuerner, JD Madden, MC Yang, FM Dolan, KG Garrick, MD Garrick, LM AF Ghio, AJ Piantadosi, CA Wang, XC Dailey, LA Stonehuerner, JD Madden, MC Yang, FM Dolan, KG Garrick, MD Garrick, LM TI Divalent metal transporter-1 decreases metal-related injury in the lung SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane transporters; metals; lung; divalent cation transporter-1; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2; SLC11A2 ID HYPOTRANSFERRINEMIC MICE; RADICAL FORMATION; IRON-ABSORPTION; RAT; METALLOTHIONEIN; EXPOSURE; GENE; EXPRESSION; POLLUTION; FERRITIN AB Exposure to airborne particulates makes the detoxification of metals a continuous challenge for the lungs. Based on the fate of iron in airway epithelial cells, we postulated that divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) participates in detoxification of metal associated with air pollution particles. Homozygous Belgrade rats, which are functionally deficient in DMT1, exhibited diminished metal transport from the lower respiratory tract and greater lung injury than control littermates when exposed to oil fly ash. Preexposure of normal rats to iron in vivo increased expression of the isoform of DMT1 protein that lacked an iron-response element (-IRE), accelerated metal transport out of the lung, and decreased injury after particle exposure. In contrast, normal rats preexposed to vanadium showed less expression of the -IRE isoform of DMT1, decreased metal transport, and greater pulmonary injury after particle instillation. Respiratory epithelial cells in culture gave similar results. Also, DMT1 mRNA and protein expression for the -IRE isoform increased or decreased in these cells when exposed to iron or vanadium, respectively. These results thus demonstrate for the first time a primary role for DMT1 in lung metal transport and detoxification. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Ghio.Andy@epa.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-59794] NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 289 IS 3 BP L460 EP L467 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00154.2005 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 957TB UT WOS:000231395100013 PM 15908475 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Adcock, NJ Sivaganesan, M Rose, LJ AF Rice, EW Adcock, NJ Sivaganesan, M Rose, LJ TI Inactivation of spores of Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis by chlorination SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; AGENTS AB Three species of Bacillus were evaluated as potential surrogates for Bacillus anthracis for determining the sporicidal activity of chlorination as commonly used in drinking water treatment. Spores of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were found to be an appropriate surrogate for spores of B. anthracis for use in chlorine inactivation studies. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 12 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5587 EP 5589 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5587-5589.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964RE UT WOS:000231897400082 PM 16151153 ER PT J AU Nwachuku, N Gerba, CP Oswald, A Mashadi, FD AF Nwachuku, N Gerba, CP Oswald, A Mashadi, FD TI Comparative inactivation of adenovirus serotypes by UV light disinfection SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATERBORNE PATHOGENS; IRRADIATION AB The results of this study confirm that adenoviruses are the most resistant enteric viruses to inactivation by UV light and that adenovirus 40 appears to be the most resistant. The effect of freeze-thawing and storage in water may affect the sensitivity of some adenoviruses to inactivation by UV light. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gerba, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gerba@ag.arizona.edu NR 9 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5633 EP 5636 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5633-5636.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964RE UT WOS:000231897400096 PM 16151167 ER PT J AU Bernatsky, S Clarke, A Cooper, G Mill, C Ramsey-Goldman, R Pineau, CA AF Bernatsky, S Clarke, A Cooper, G Mill, C Ramsey-Goldman, R Pineau, CA TI Cancer screening in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S388 EP S388 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207802027 ER PT J AU Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Wang, W Claeys, M AF Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Wang, W Claeys, M TI Formation of 2-methyl tetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid in secondary organic aerosol from laboratory irradiated isoprene/NO(X)/SO(2)/air mixtures and their detection in ambient PM(2.5) samples collected in the eastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM(2.5); secondary organic aerosol; isoprene; acid-catalyzed reactions; 2-methylthreitol; 2-methylerythritol; 2-methylglyceric acid ID HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ISOPRENE; MASS; PHOTOOXIDATION AB Recent observations in ambient PM(2.5) of 2-methylthreitol, 2-methylerythritol and 2-methylglyceric acid, proposed isoprene oxidation products, suggest the contribution of isoprene to SOA formation, long thought to be relatively unimportant, should be reexamined. To address this issue, an isoprene/NO(X)/air mixture was irradiated in a flow reactor smog chamber in both the absence and presence of SO(2) to measure the SOA yield of isoprene and to establish whether the two 2-methyl tetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid are present in isoprene SOA and could serve as SOA indicator compounds. In the absence of SO(2), the SOA yield of 0.002 was low, as expected, although uncertain because the SOA concentration was near chamber background levels. However, in the presence of SO(2), the SOA yield increased significantly to 0.028. Analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the SOA samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed chamber concentrations of the two 2-methyl tetrols totaling 0.1 mu g m(-3) and a 2-methylglyceric acid concentration of 0.4 mu g m(-3) in the. absence of SO(2), with the levels increasing significantly to 6.3 mu g m(-3) and 1.2 mu g m(-3), respectively, when SO(2) was added. The laboratory data suggest that these compounds are possible indicator compounds for isoprene SOA and that the presence of SO(2) enhances significantly SOA formation from isoprene photooxidation, with acid-catalyzed reactions possibly playing a major role. The importance of these findings was supported by the detection of the two 2-methyl tetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid in summertime ambient PM2.5 samples collected at three locations in the eastern United States. However, additional mechanistic studies are required to predict the contributions of the SO(2)-assisted isoprene SOA formation to ambient PM(2.5) concentrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Al Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epamail.epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; NR 21 TC 221 Z9 226 U1 7 U2 86 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 29 BP 5281 EP 5289 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972DT UT WOS:000232434900007 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Norris, GA AF Olson, DA Norris, GA TI Sampling artifacts in measurement of elemental and organic carbon: Low-volume sampling in indoor and outdoor environments SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; elemental carbon; sampling artifact; personal exposure ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEMIVOLATILE AEROSOLS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; FINE PARTICLES; MORTALITY; ADSORPTION; EXPOSURES; CITIES AB Experiments were completed to determine the extent of artifacts from sampling elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) under sample conditions consistent with personal sampling. Two different types of experiments were completed; the first examined possible artifacts from oils used in personal environmental monitor (PEM) impactor plates, and the second examined artifacts from microenvironmental sampling using different sampling media combinations (quartz, Teflon, XAD denuder, and electrostatic precipitator). The effectiveness of front and backup filters was evaluated for most sampling configurations. Mean total carbon concentrations from sampling configurations using impactor oils were not statistically different from the control case (using a sharp cut cyclone). Three microenvironments were tested (kitchen, library, and ambient); carbon concentrations were highest in the kitchen using a front quartz filter (mean OC of 16.4 mu g m(-3)). The lowest front quartz filter concentrations were measured in the library using XAD denuders (mean OC of 3.6 mu g m(-3)). Denuder removal efficiencies (average of 82% for total carbon) were lower compared with previous ambient studies and may indicate that indoor sources influenced denuder efficiency during sample collection. The highest carbon concentrations from backup quartz filters were measured using the Teflon-quartz combination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 30 BP 5437 EP 5445 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.040 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971PC UT WOS:000232395400001 ER PT J AU Neilson, RP Pitelka, LF Solomon, AM Nathan, R Midgley, GF Fragoso, JMV Lischke, H Thompson, K AF Neilson, RP Pitelka, LF Solomon, AM Nathan, R Midgley, GF Fragoso, JMV Lischke, H Thompson, K TI Forecasting regional to global plant migration in response to climate change SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; dispersal; migration; long-distance dispersal; dynamic global vegetation models ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; SEED DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; INVASION; CARBON AB The rate of future climate change is likely to exceed the migration rates of most plant species. The replacement of dominant species by locally rare species may require decades, and extinctions may occur when plant species cannot migrate fast enough to escape the consequences of climate change. Such lags may impair ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and clean water production. Thus, to assess global change, simulation of plant migration and local vegetation change by dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) is critical, yet fraught with challenges. Global vegetation models cannot simulate all species, necessitating their aggregation into plant functional types (PFTs). Yet most PFTs encompass the full spectrum of migration rates. Migration processes span scales of time and space far beyond what can be confidently simulated in DGVMs. Theories about climate change and migration are limited by inadequate data for key processes at short and long time scales and at small and large spatial scales. These theories must be enhanced to incorporate species-level migration and succession processes into a more comprehensive definition of PFTs. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Dept Spatiotemporal Landscape Modeling, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Neilson, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rneilson@fs.fed.us RI Nathan, Ran/A-9380-2008; Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Fragoso, Jose/C-3173-2012; Lischke, Heike/J-5719-2013; Midgley, Guy/H-3585-2014 OI Midgley, Guy/0000-0001-8264-0869 NR 58 TC 165 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 9 BP 749 EP 759 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0749:FRTGPM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 959NM UT WOS:000231524700007 ER PT J AU Al-Saadi, J Szykman, J Pierce, RB Kittaka, C Neil, D Chu, DA Remer, L Gumley, L Prins, E Weinstock, L MacDonald, C Wayland, R Dimmick, F Fishman, J AF Al-Saadi, J Szykman, J Pierce, RB Kittaka, C Neil, D Chu, DA Remer, L Gumley, L Prins, E Weinstock, L MacDonald, C Wayland, R Dimmick, F Fishman, J TI Improving national air quality forecasts with satellite aerosol observations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; POLLUTION; SYSTEM; MODIS; LAND AB Accurate air quality forecasts can allow for mitigation of the health risks associated with high levels of air pollution. During September 2003, a team of NASA NOAA and EPA researchers demonstrated a prototype tool for improving fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality forecasts using satellite aerosol observations. Daily forecast products were generated from a near-real-time fusion of multiple input data products, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Earth Observing System (EOS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite, PM 2.5 concentration from over 300 state/local/national surface monitoring stations, meteorological fields from the NOAA/NCEP Eta Model, and fire locations from the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WFABBA) product. The products were disseminated via a Web interface to a small group of forecasters representing state and local air management agencies and the EPA. The MODIS data improved forecaster knowledge of synoptic-scale air pollution events, particularly over oceans and in regions devoid of surface monitors. Forecast trajectories initialized in regions of high AOD offered guidance for identifying potential episodes of poor air quality. The capability of this approach was illustrated with a case study showing that aerosol resulting from wildfires in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada is transported across the continent to influence air quality in the Great Lakes region a few days later. The timing of this demonstration was selected to help improve the accuracy of the EPAs AIRNow (www.epa.gov/airnow/) next-day PM2.5, air quality index forecast, which began on 1 October 2003. Based on the positive response from air quality managers and forecasters, this prototype was expanded and transitioned to an operational provider during the summer of 2004. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SAIC, Hampton, VA USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Wisconsin, SSEC CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NES DIS ORA, Madison, WI USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Al-Saadi, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 NR 33 TC 181 Z9 184 U1 9 U2 49 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1249 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-9-1249 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971DV UT WOS:000232362500021 ER PT J AU Leidy, RA Becker, G Harvey, BN AF Leidy, RA Becker, G Harvey, BN TI Historical status of coho salmon in streams of the urbanized San Francisco Estuary, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID CONTRA-COSTA-COUNTY; FISH REMAINS; SHELLMOUND; STEELHEAD; CREEK; PABLO; RIVER; BAY AB The historical status of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, was assessed in 65 watersheds surrounding the San Francisco Estuary, California. We reviewed published literature, unpublished reports, field notes, and specimens housed at museum and university collections and public agency files. In watersheds for which we found historical information for the occurrence of coho salmon, we developed a matrix of five environmental indicators to assess the probability that a stream supported habitat suitable for coho salmon. We found evidence that at least 4 of 65 Estuary watersheds (6%) historically supported coho salmon. A minimum of an additional 11 watersheds (17%) may also have supported coho salmon, but evidence is inconclusive. Coho salmon were last documented from an Estuary stream in the early-to-mid 1980s. Although broadly distributed, the environmental characteristics of streams known historically to contain coho salmon shared several characteristics. In the Estuary, coho salmon typically were members of three-to-six species assemblages of native fishes, including Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, California roach, Lavinia symmetricus, juvenile Sacramento sucker, Catostomus occidentalis, threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, riffle sculpin, Cottus gulosus, prickly sculpin, Cottus asper, and/or tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi. We found evidence for the occurrence of coho salmon in eight watersheds characterized by the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, riparian community. These conditions are more typical of the high rainfall coastal streams directly tributary to the Pacific Ocean that historically had relatively high abundances of coho salmon. All streams known or suspected historically to support coho salmon are characterized by cool summer water temperatures, suitable spawning and juvenile rearing habitat, distinct surface water connections to the estuarine and marine environments, as well as stream flows during the months of February through May suitable for smolt out-migration. C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Ecosyst Management & Restorat, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Leidy, RA (reprint author), US EPA, 75 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM leidy.robert@epa.gov; becker@cemar.org NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 219 EP 254 PG 36 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 986BB UT WOS:000233422400001 ER PT J AU Greenwood, JL Rosemond, AD AF Greenwood, JL Rosemond, AD TI Periphyton response to long-term nutrient enrichment in a shaded headwater stream SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; LIGHT LIMITATION; KUPARUK RIVER; TOP-DOWN; HERBIVORES; ECOSYSTEM; BIOMASS; FERTILIZATION; ALGAE; PRODUCTIVITY AB We maintained elevated but moderate concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus continuously for 2 years in a heavily shaded headwater stream and compared effects on stream periphyton with a reference stream. Both streams were sampled for 1 year before treatment. Some measures of periphyton biomass (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a) responded positively to enrichment. Increased chlorophyll a was likely a result of higher chlorophyll per cell, as total algal biovolume did not change with enrichment. These differences were greatest during high-light months (November-May), when cellular growth rates (a proxy for production) were also highest with enrichment. Algal assemblages were dominated by diatoms and remained similar between the treatment and reference streams throughout the enrichment period. Although nutrients stimulated algal growth rates, the long-term effects of nutrient addition on periphyton biomass were small in magnitude compared with other published values and were potentially suppressed by light availability and invertebrate consumption. These and other factors may have also been important in limiting the algal species pool and thus a taxonomic response to enrichment. Our results indicate that in headwater streams with intact tree canopies, chronic nutrient enrichment at moderate concentrations may have little detectable effect on benthic algal composition or periphyton biomass. Although nutrients stimulated algal growth rates, the long-term effects of nutrient addition on periphyton biomass were small in magnitude compared with other published values and were potentially suppressed by light availability and invertebrate consumption. These and other factors may have also been important in limiting the algal species pool and thus a taxonomic response to enrichment. Our results indicate that in headwater streams with intact tree canopies, chronic nutrient enrichment at moderate concentrations may have little detectable effect on benthic algal composition or periphyton biomass. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Greenwood, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM greenwood.jennifer@epa.gov OI Rosemond, Amy/0000-0003-4299-9353 NR 47 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 62 IS 9 BP 2033 EP 2045 DI 10.1139/F05-117 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964OG UT WOS:000231889800010 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, A Fujisawa, Y Shiotani, K Fujita, Y Li, TY Tsuda, Y Yokoi, T Bryant, SD Lazarus, LH Okada, Y AF Miyazaki, A Fujisawa, Y Shiotani, K Fujita, Y Li, TY Tsuda, Y Yokoi, T Bryant, SD Lazarus, LH Okada, Y TI Studies on the mechanism of 1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-one ring formation from dipeptidyl chloromethyl ketone and its chemical properties: Immediate deamination during catalytic hydrogenation SO CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE 1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-one; deuterium substitution; cyclization mechanism; catalytic hydrogenation; deamination ID AMINO-ACIDS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; PYRAZINONE; PEPTIDES AB 1,2-Dihydropyrazin-2-one derivatives, which have two aminoalkyl groups at the positions 3 and 6, were found to be efficient tools for the, construction of potent, selective and long-acting opioid mimetics. During the course of preparation, we found that the catalytic hydrogenation of 3,6-bis(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-5methyl-1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-one to remove the benzyloxycarbonyl groups resulted in a side reaction. By MS and NMR studies and by preparation of additional 1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-one derivatives, the structure of the byproduct was identified as 3-aminomethyl-5,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-one. Preparation of additional compounds substituted with deuterium provided us with sufficient information to confirm the structure of the product and to support a cyclization mechanism in its formation. C1 Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, High Technol Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Med Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Okada, Y (reprint author), Kobe Gakuin Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. EM okada@pharm.kobegakuin.ac.jp NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0009-2363 J9 CHEM PHARM BULL JI Chem. Pharm. Bull. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1152 EP 1158 DI 10.1248/cpb.53.1152 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 962WM UT WOS:000231764000017 PM 16141586 ER PT J AU Weetall, HH Hatchett, DW Rogers, KR AF Weetall, HH Hatchett, DW Rogers, KR TI Electrochemically deposited polymer-coated gold electrodes selective for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE doped polymer electrode; electropolymerization; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D ID MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; DIFFERENTIAL-PULSE VOLTAMMETRY; O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; SENSOR SYSTEM; THIN-LAYER; FILMS; CLENBUTEROL; MEMBRANES; SURFACE; MEDIA AB Electropolymerized membranes on gold electrodes doped with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were prepared from a solution containing resorcinol, o-plienylenediamine and 2,4-D. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the incorporation and interaction of 2,4-D with the polymer matrix prior to and after the sensing experiments. The FTIR data indicate that 2,4-D does not leach appreciably from the polymer matrix under experimental conditions employed for the sensing studies. The electrochemical current response for 2,4-D is compared for the doped polymer-coated and control polymer-coated electrode. The response of the doped polymerelectrode was dependent on increasing concentrations of 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol while unresponsive to benzoic acid. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 19 BP 1789 EP 1794 DI 10.1002/elan.200503304 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 974FW UT WOS:000232577700011 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Cogliano, VJ Flowers, L Valcovic, L Setzer, RW Woodruff, TJ AF Barton, HA Cogliano, VJ Flowers, L Valcovic, L Setzer, RW Woodruff, TJ TI Assessing susceptibility from early-life exposure to carcinogens SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cancer; children; early-life exposure; exposure; mode of action; risk assessment; susceptible populations ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; RISK ASSESSMENT; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; VINYL-CHLORIDE; URETHAN CARCINOGENESIS; UTERINE ADENOCARCINOMA; PESTICIDE CHEMICALS; SODIUM ASCORBATE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; CANCER-RISK AB Cancer risk assessment methods currently assume that children and adults are equally susceptible to exposure to chemicals. We reviewed available scientific literature to determine whether this was scientifically supported. We identified more than 50 chemicals causing cancer after perinatal exposure. Human data are extremely limited, with radiation exposures showing increased early susceptibility at some tumor sites. Twenty-seven rodent studies for 18 chemicals had sufficient data after postnatal and adult exposures to quantitatively estimate potential increased susceptibility from early-life exposure, calculated as the ratio of juvenile to adult cancer potencies for three study types: acute dosing, repeated dosing, and lifetime dosing. Twelve of the chemicals act through a mutagenic mode of action. For these, the geometric mean ratio was 11 for lifetime exposures and 8.7 for repeat exposures, with a ratio of 10 for these studies combined. The geometric mean ratio for acute studies is 1.5, which was influenced by tissue-specific results [geometric mean ratios for kidney, leukemia, liver, lymph, mammary, nerve, reticular tissue, thymic lymphoma, and uterus/vagina >1 (range, 1.6-8.1); forestomach, harderian gland, ovaries, and thyroid <1 (range, 0.033-0.45)]. Chemicals causing cancer through other modes of action indicate some increased susceptibility from postnatal exposure (geometric mean ratio is 3.4 for lifetime exposure, 2.2 for repeat exposure). Early exposures to compounds with endocrine activity sometimes produce different tumors after exposures at different ages. These analyses suggest increased susceptibility to cancer from early-fife exposure, particularly for chemicals acting through a mutagenic mode of action. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 75 Hawthorne St,PPA-1, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM woodruff.tracey@epa.gov OI Setzer, Rhyne/0000-0002-6709-9186 NR 90 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.1289/ehp.7667 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 961QU UT WOS:000231677700028 PM 16140616 ER PT J AU Landrigan, PJ Sonawane, B Butler, RN Trasande, L Callan, R Droller, D AF Landrigan, PJ Sonawane, B Butler, RN Trasande, L Callan, R Droller, D TI Early environmental origins of neurodegenerative disease in later life SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer disease; maneb; manganese; National Children's Study; neurodegenerative disease; paraquat; Parkinson disease; pesticides ID NIGRAL DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; ADULT LEAD-EXPOSURE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; NEUROBEHAVIORAL FUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COMBINED PARAQUAT; DEGENERATION; PESTICIDES AB Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD), the two most common neurodegenerative disorders in American adults, are of purely genetic origin in a minority of cases and appear in most instances to arise through interactions among genetic and environmental factors. In this article we hypothesize that environmental exposures in early life may be of particular etiologic importance and review evidence for the early environmental origins of neurodegeneration. For PD the first recognized environmental cause, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), was identified in epidemiologic studies of drug abusers. Chemicals experimentally linked to PD include the insecticide rotenone and the herbicides paraquat and maneb; interaction has been observed between paraquat and maneb. In epidemiologic studies, manganese has been linked to parkinsonism. In dementia, lead is associated with increased risk in chronically exposed workers. Exposures of children in early life to lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and methylmercury have been followed by persistent decrements in intelligence that may presage dementia. To discover new environmental causes of AD and PD, and to characterize relevant gene-environment interactions, we recommend that a large, prospective genetic and epidemiologic study be undertaken that will follow thousands of children from conception (or before) to old age. Additional approaches to etiologic discovery include establishing incidence registries for AD and PD, conducting targeted investigations in high-risk populations, and improving testing of the potential neurologic toxicity of chemicals. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, New York, NY 10029 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Int Longev Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Landrigan, PJ (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, Box 1057,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM phil.landrigan@mssm.edu OI Trasande, Leonardo/0000-0002-1928-597X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES07384, P01 ES009584, P01-ES009584, P42 ES007384]; NIMH NIH HHS [276-MH-310208] NR 59 TC 178 Z9 185 U1 4 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1230 EP 1233 DI 10.1289/ehp.7571 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 961QU UT WOS:000231677700045 PM 16140633 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Russ, A Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Russ, A Sonawane, B TI Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that can affect sensitivity to neurotoxic sequelae in elderly individuals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adverse drug reactions; geriatric; metabolism; neurotoxicity; pharmacokinetics; polypharmacy ID ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE PHENOTYPE; AGE-RELATED SUSCEPTIBILITY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; LIVER-DISEASE; AGING LIVER; DOMOIC ACID; RATS; EXPOSURE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS AB Early-life exposure to agents that modulate neurologic function can have long-lasting effects well into the geriatric period. Many other factors can affect neurologic function and susceptibility to neurotoxicants in elderly individuals. In this review we highlight pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that may increase geriatric susceptibility to these agents. There is a decreasing trend in hepatic metabolizing capacity with advancing years that can affect the ability to dear therapeutic drugs and environmental chemicals. This factor combined with decreased renal clearance causes prolonged retention of numerous drugs in elderly individuals. A geriatric pharmacokinetic database was developed to analyze changes in drug clearance with advancing age. This analysis shows that the half-life of drugs processed by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes or via renal elimination is typically 50-75% longer in those older than 65 than in young adults. Liver and kidney diseases are more common in elderly individuals and can further decrease the clearance function of these organs. Polypharmacy, the administration of numerous drugs to a single patient, is very common in elderly individuals and increases the risks for drug interaction and side effects. With advancing age the nervous system undergoes a variety of changes, including neuronal loss, altered neurotransmitter and receptor levels, and decreased adaptability to changes induced by xenobiotics. These changes in the central nervous system can make elderly individuals more susceptible to neurologic dysfunction when confronted with single pharmacologic agents, polypharmacy, or environmental toxicants. The many factors that affect elderly responses to neuroactive agents make environmental risk assessment for this age group a special concern and present a unique challenge. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, POB 340308,Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us NR 71 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1243 EP 1249 DI 10.1289/ehp.7568 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 961QU UT WOS:000231677700048 PM 16140636 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Lockwood, AH Sonawane, BR AF Brown, RC Lockwood, AH Sonawane, BR TI Neurodegenerative diseases: An overview of environmental risk factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE Alzheimer disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; electromagnetic fields; metals; multiple system atrophy; neurodegeneration; Parkinson disease; pesticides; progressive supranuclear palsy; solvents ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY; MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; ONSET PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB The population of the United States is aging, and an ever-increasing number of Americans are afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases. Because the pathogenesis of many of these diseases remains unknown, we must consider that environmental factors may play a causal role. This review provides an overview of the epidemiologic evidence for environmental etiologies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, parkinsonian syndromes (multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Epidemiologic evidence for an association between environmental agents' exposure and neurodegenerative diseases is not conclusive. However, there are indications that there may be causal links, and the need for more research is obvious. C1 US EPA, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Vet Affairs Western New York Healthcare Syst, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY USA. Vet Affairs Western New York Healthcare Syst, Dept Nucl Med, Buffalo, NY USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mailcode 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM brown.rebecca@epa.gov NR 130 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1250 EP 1256 DI 10.1289/ehp.7567 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 961QU UT WOS:000231677700049 PM 16140637 ER PT J AU Geller, AM Zenick, H AF Geller, AM Zenick, H TI Aging and the environment: A research framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aging; environmental health; exposure; frailty; microenvironment; older adults; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; polypharmacy ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; EPIDERMAL PERMEABILITY BARRIER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; DRUG-METABOLISM; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; CYTOCHROME-P-450 ENZYMES; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; TISSUE DOSIMETRY AB The rapid growth in the number of older Americans has many implications for public health, including the need to better understand the risks posed to older adults by environmental exposures. Biologic capacity declines with normal aging; this may be exacerbated in individuals with pre-existing health conditions. This decline can result in compromised pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to environmental exposures encountered in daily activities. In recognition of this issue, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing a research agenda on the environment and older adults. The U.S. EPA proposes to apply an environmental public health paradigm to better understand the relationships between external pollution sources -> human exposures -> internal dose -> early biologic effect -> adverse health effects for older adults. The initial challenge will be using information about aging-related changes in exposure, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic factors to identify susceptible subgroups within the diverse population of older adults. These changes may interact with specific diseases of aging or medications used to treat these conditions. Constructs such as "frailty" may help to capture some of the diversity in the older adult population. Data are needed regarding a) behavior/activity patterns and exposure to the pollutants in the microenvironments of older adults; b) changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion with aging; c) alterations in reserve capacity that alter the body's ability to compensate for the effects of environmental exposures; and a) strategies for effective communication of risk and risk reduction methods to older individuals and communities. This article summarizes the U.S. EPA's development of a framework to address and prioritize the exposure, health effects, and risk communications concerns for the U.S. EPA's evolving research program on older adults as a susceptible subpopulation. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geller, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geller.andrew@epa.gov NR 86 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1257 EP 1262 DI 10.1289/ehp.7569 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 961QU UT WOS:000231677700050 PM 16140638 ER PT J AU Newbold, SC AF Newbold, SC TI A combined hydrologic simulation and landscape design model to prioritize sites for wetlands restoration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE reserve site selection; optimal landscape design; hydrologic simulation modeling; wetlands; non-point-source pollution ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB Most landscape design models have been applied to the problem of maximizing species richness in a network of nature reserves. This paper describes a combined hydrologic simulation and landscape design model designed to prioritize sites for wetlands restoration, where the objective is to maximize the amount of nutrients in non-point-source runoff attenuated in the restored wetlands. Targeted site selection in four small watersheds in the Central Valley resulted in predicted levels of nitrogen attenuation two to eight times greater than that from maximizing wetland area without consideration of the location of the restoration sites. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Newbold, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10666-005-9002-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995ZN UT WOS:000234144300009 ER PT J AU Skjelkvale, BL Stoddard, JL Jeffries, DS Torseth, K Hogasen, T Bowman, J Mannio, J Monteith, DT Mosello, R Rogora, M Rzychon, D Vesely, J Wieting, J Wilander, A Worsztynowicz, A AF Skjelkvale, BL Stoddard, JL Jeffries, DS Torseth, K Hogasen, T Bowman, J Mannio, J Monteith, DT Mosello, R Rogora, M Rzychon, D Vesely, J Wieting, J Wilander, A Worsztynowicz, A TI Regional scale evidence for improvements in surface water chemistry 1990-2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acidification; deposition; trends; ICP waters; sulphate; nitrate; alkalinity; dissolved organic carbon ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTH-AMERICA; TERRESTRIAL EXPORT; STREAM CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LAKE SURVEY AB The main aim of the international UNECE monitoring program ICP Waters under the Convention of Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to assess, on a regional basis, the degree and geographical extent of the impact of atmospheric pollution, in particular acidification, on surface waters. Regional trends are calculated for 12 geographical regions in Europe and North America, comprising 189 surface waters sites. From 1990-2001 sulphate concentrations decreased in all but one of the investigated regions. Nitrate increased in only one region, and decreased in three North American regions. Improvements in alkalinity and pH are widely observed. Results from the ICP Waters programme clearly show widespread improvement in surface water acid-base chemistry, in response to emissions controls programs and decreasing acidic deposition. Limited site-specific biological data suggest that continued improvement in the chemical status of acid-sensitive lakes and streams will lead to biological recovery in the future. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. Environm Protect Agcy, Dublin, Ireland. Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Environm Change Res Ctr, London, England. CNR, Inst Ecosyst Study, Verbania, Italy. Inst Ecol Ind Areas, Katowice, Poland. Czech Geol Survey, Prague, Czech Republic. Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Skjelkvale, BL (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res, POB 173, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. EM brit.skjelkvaale@niva.no RI ROGORA, MICHELA/B-9237-2008; Torseth, Kjetil/A-3905-2012; Monteith, Donald/C-1534-2008; OI ROGORA, MICHELA/0000-0003-3515-0220; Torseth, Kjetil/0000-0002-3500-6096; Monteith, Donald/0000-0003-3219-1772; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 45 TC 214 Z9 217 U1 5 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 137 IS 1 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.023 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941AH UT WOS:000230186500013 PM 15944047 ER PT J AU Boccelli, DL Small, MJ Dzombak, DA AF Boccelli, DL Small, MJ Dzombak, DA TI Enhanced coagulation for satisfying the arsenic maximum contaminant level under variable and uncertain conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FERRIC-CHLORIDE; BED FILTRATION; REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; FERRIHYDRITE; GROUNDWATER; COST AB This study evaluated the effects of influent variability and model parameter uncertainty when utilizing enhanced coagulation modification to bring existing treatment plants into compliance with a stricter arsenic regulation. Enhanced coagulation modification options include: (1) increased ferric chloride dose, (2) addition of an acid dose, and (3) a combination of the individual options. Arsenic removal is described by adsorption to hydrous ferric oxide with a surface complexation model and subsequent removal through sedimentation and filtration. The leastcost modification for reliably satisfying the arsenic regulation is determined using an optimization algorithm that explicitly includes variability and uncertainty. The ferric chloride only modification is always the least-cost treatment modification. The ferric chloride and acid modification could be the least-cost option when considering waste handling processes due to a tradeoff between modification cost and sludge production. By inclusion. of variability and uncertainty, the relative importance of individual parameter distributions for determining whether the arsenic regulation is reliably satisfied is assessed. Influent arsenic concentration variability is always critical, while variability in the influent pH and sulfate concentrations and uncertainty in the filter removal efficiency and equilibrium adsorption constant for the =(FeOHCa2+)-O-s surface species are critical or important, depending on influent conditions. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Boccelli, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHSRC MS 163, 20 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM boccelli.dominic@epamail.epa.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 17 BP 6501 EP 6507 DI 10.1021/es050048i PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962ID UT WOS:000231723800033 PM 16190205 ER PT J AU Costanza, J Davis, EL Mulholland, JA Pennell, KD AF Costanza, J Davis, EL Mulholland, JA Pennell, KD TI Abiotic degradation of trichloroethylene under thermal remediation conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANTS; DICHLOROACETYLENE; DEHALOGENATION; OXIDATION AB The degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and chloride (Cl-) has been reported to occur during thermal remediation of subsurface environments. The effects of solid-phase composition and oxygen content on the chemical reactivity of TCE were evaluated in sealed ampules that were incubated at 22 and 120 degrees C for periods ranging from 4 to 40 days. For all treatments, no more than 15% of the initial amount of TCE was degraded, resulting in the formation of several non-chlorinated products including Cl-, CO2, carbon monoxide, glycolate, and formate. First-order rate coefficients for TCE disappearance ranged from 1.2 to 6.2 x 10-3 day(-1) at 120 degrees C and were not dependent upon oxygen content or the presence of Ottawa sand. However, the rate of TCE disappearance at 120 degrees C increased by more than 1 order-of-magnitude (1.6 to 5.3 x 10(-2) day(-1)), corresponding to a half-life of 1344 days in ampules containing 1% (wt) goethite and Ottawa sand, These results indicate that the rate of TCE degradation in heated, three-phase systems is relatively insensitive to oxygen content, but may increase substantially in the presence of iron bearing minerals. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Pennell, KD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM kurt.pennell@ce.gatech.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 17 BP 6825 EP 6830 DI 10.1021/es0502932 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962ID UT WOS:000231723800073 PM 16190245 ER PT J AU Lukasewycz, MT Burkhard, LP AF Lukasewycz, MT Burkhard, LP TI Complete elimination of carbonates: A critical step in the accurate measurement of organic and black carbon in sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; black carbon; carbonate; sediment; Lake Michigan ID GREAT-LAKES; BIOAVAILABILITY; NITROGEN AB Accurate measurement of organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) in sediments requires the complete removal of coexisting inorganic carbonates from the sample before instrumental analysis. The removal of carbonates from sediments is achieved with acidification, which causes the dissolution and decomposition of carbonates with accompanying effervescence. This effervescence, or the lack of it, is commonly used as an indicator for the presence or absence of carbonates. We have found that the lack of effervescence endpoint used with the direct acidification method (adding aliquots of acid to samples) is not a reliable indicator for complete removal of carbonates from sediment samples. The ineffectiveness of the lack of effervescence endpoint, we believe, is caused by the presence of carbonates with dissolution rates much slower than those of calcite, resulting in much slower rates of visible effervescence. We propose and demonstrate a method for determining the amount of acid required for complete elimination of all carbonates using Lake Michigan (USA) sediment samples. Based on our experiences with the lack of effervescence endpoint, we recommend that in any scheme for analysis of OC and/or BC, a minimum of two samples be treated with three different levels of acidification, with the lowest level being the same as that planned for all the OC and/or BC analyses. There can be no significant differences among the OC and BC contents measured using the three different levels of acidification. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Lukasewycz, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM lukasewycz.marta@gov.epa NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 9 BP 2218 EP 2221 DI 10.1897/04-653R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 957AJ UT WOS:000231341300013 PM 16193748 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Kuehl, DW Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Linnum, A Leino, RL Villeneuve, DA AF Ankley, GT Kuehl, DW Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Linnum, A Leino, RL Villeneuve, DA TI Reproductive and developmental toxicity and bioconcentration of perfluorooctanesulfonate in a partial life-cycle test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanesulfonate; toxicity; bioconcentration; fish; risk ID SURFACE-WATER SAMPLES; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; MARINE MAMMALS; BIRDS; ENDOCRINOLOGY; VITELLOGENIN; SULFONATE; EXPOSURE; JAPAN AB Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread environmental contaminant emanating from the production and/or metabolism of fluorinated chemicals with a variety of applications. The goal of this work was to assess the toxicity and bioconcentration of PFOS in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Sexually mature fish were exposed via the water for 21 d to 0 (control), 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or I mg PFOS/L, and effects on reproductive capacity and endocrinology were assessed. To determine possible developmental effects, a subset of embryos from parental exposures at each test concentration were held for an additional 24 d in the same PFOS treatments. A concentration of I mg PFOS/L was lethal to adults within two weeks. The 21-d 50% effect concentration (95% confidence interval) for effects on fecundity of the fish was 0.23 (0.19-0.25) mg PFOS/L. Exposure to PFOS caused various histopathological alterations, most prominently in ovaries of adult females. Adult males exposed to 0.3 mg PFOS/L for 21 d exhibited decreased aromatase activity and elevated concentrations of plasma 11-ketotestosterone and testosterone. No significant adverse effects on survival or growth were observed in developing fathead minnows held for 24 d at PFOS concentrations up to 0.3 mg/L. Adult fathead minnows readily accumulated PFOS from the water. The largest concentrations of PFOS were in blood, followed by liver and then gonad; for all tissues, females accumulated higher concentrations than males. Water and tissue concentrations of PFOS associated with effects in this study exceeded those reported for samples collected from the field by two to three orders of magnitude, suggesting that the current risk of PFOS on aspects of fish reproduction and development assessed in this study would be small. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Senior Serv Amer, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 36 TC 92 Z9 105 U1 12 U2 43 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 9 BP 2316 EP 2324 DI 10.1897/04-634R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 957AJ UT WOS:000231341300026 PM 16193761 ER PT J AU Mar, TF Koenig, JQ Jansen, K Sullivan, J Kaufman, J Trenga, CA Siahpush, SH Liu, LJS Neas, L AF Mar, TF Koenig, JQ Jansen, K Sullivan, J Kaufman, J Trenga, CA Siahpush, SH Liu, LJS Neas, L TI Fine particulate air pollution and cardiorespiratory effects in the elderly SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EXPOSURE; PARTICLES; AMBIENT; OUTDOOR; DISEASE; INDOOR; MATTER AB Background: Past studies of air pollution effects among sensitive subgroups have produced inconsistent results. Our objective was to determine relationships between various measures of air pollution and cardiorespiratory effects in older subjects. Methods: We conducted a study that included repeated measurements of pulmonary function (arterial oxygen saturation) and cardiac function (heart rate and blood pressure) in a panel of 88 subjects (>57 years of age) in Seattle during the years 1999 to 2001. Subjects were healthy or had lung or heart disease. Each subject participated in sessions of 10 consecutive days of exposure monitoring and collection of health outcomes for up to 2 sessions. Associations between health outcomes and indoor, outdoor, and personal measures of particulate matter <= 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) or particulate matter <= 10 micrometers (PM10) were evaluated using generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable working correlation matrix and robust standard errors. The model included terms for the within-subject, within-session effect; the within- subject, betweensession effect; and an interaction term for medication usage. The model controlled for temperature, relative humidity, body mass index, and age. Results: Associations between air pollution and health measurements were found primarily in healthy subjects. Healthy subjects taking no medications had decreases in heart rate associated with indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10. Healthy subjects on medication had small increases in systolic blood pressure associated with indoor PM2.5 and outdoor PM10. Heterogeneity analysis found differences among the health groups for associations with particulate air pollution in heart rate but not in blood pressure. Conclusion: Modest concentrations of air pollutants were associated with small changes in cardiac function. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Koenig, JQ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Box 357234,Room F 561A, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Jkoenig@u.washington.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008 OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P0 ES 07033] NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 681 EP 687 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000173037.83211.d6 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200013 PM 16135945 ER PT J AU Nguyen, RHN Baird, DD AF Nguyen, RHN Baird, DD TI Accuracy of men's recall of their partner's time to pregnancy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-PREGNANCY; MALE WORKERS; FERTILITY AB Background: Occupational studies of fertility often rely on men's report of time to pregnancy (TTP). We assessed accuracy of men's report of TTP compared with TTP derived from data from their female partners. Methods: Men from the Dieckmann diethylstilbestrol cohort were interviewed to assess fertility. Men were asked TTP for their most recent pregnancies. Their female partner was subsequently interviewed separately; TTP derived from her data was used as the gold standard. Our analysis was based on 202 couples. Results: Men's report was identical to the women's-derived TTP in 32% of couples; 74% differed by no more than 2 cycles. Men tended to underestimate TTP (mean difference = - 1.2 cycles). Weighted kappa was 0.5 overall and varied by the man's education, the number of pregnancies he had fathered, his stated confidence in reporting, his exposure to diethylstilbestrol, pregnancy planning, and whether he was still married to the index partner. Conclusions: Overall accuracy of men's report of TTP was reasonably good, particularly for men who had fathered only one pregnancy. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Nguyen, RHN (reprint author), 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM nguyen5@niehs.nih.gov OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 694 EP 698 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000173038.93237.b3 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200016 PM 16135949 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Langlois, P Savitz, DA Loomis, D Herring, AH Fixler, DE AF Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Langlois, P Savitz, DA Loomis, D Herring, AH Fixler, DE TI Relationship between air quality and selected cardiac defects and oral clefts, seven county study, Texas, 1997-2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Sci, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S46 EP S47 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00107 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200106 ER PT J AU Mendola, P Correa, A AF Mendola, P Correa, A CA NCS Interagcy Coordinating Comm TI The National Children's Study: Beginning the implementation of a national-probability sample SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S98 EP S98 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00244 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200243 ER PT J AU Payne-Sturges, D Gee, G AF Payne-Sturges, D Gee, G TI A framework for tracking social disparities in environmental health SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S37 EP S37 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00081 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200080 ER PT J AU Perreault, SD Buus, RM Olshan, A Jeffay, SC Strader, LF AF Perreault, SD Buus, RM Olshan, A Jeffay, SC Strader, LF TI Home-based collection of biological measurements and specimens from men SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S107 EP S107 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00266 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200265 ER PT J AU Selevan, SG Quackenboss, JJ AF Selevan, SG Quackenboss, JJ TI Remote collection and transmission of questionnaire and environmental data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, NERL, ORD, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S107 EP S107 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00265 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200264 ER PT J AU Stolzel, M Laden, F Dockery, DW Schwartz, J Kim, E Hopke, PK Neas, LM AF Stolzel, M Laden, F Dockery, DW Schwartz, J Kim, E Hopke, PK Neas, LM TI Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter and daily mortality in two US cities - A comparison of different methods SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200236 ER PT J AU Thurston, G Ito, K Mar, T Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Liu, H Neas, L Pinto, J Stolzel, M Suh, H Hopke, PK AF Thurston, G Ito, K Mar, T Christensen, WF Eatough, DJ Henry, RC Kim, E Laden, F Lall, R Larson, TV Liu, H Neas, L Pinto, J Stolzel, M Suh, H Hopke, PK TI Results and implications of the workshop on the source apportionment of PM health effects SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Epidemiol Focus Network Aerosols & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012; Christensen, William/F-7216-2013; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP S134 EP S135 DI 10.1097/00001648-200509000-00339 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 963DJ UT WOS:000231783200338 ER PT J AU Flynn, KM Delclos, KB Newbold, RR Ferguson, SA AF Flynn, KM Delclos, KB Newbold, RR Ferguson, SA TI Long term dietary methoxychlor exposure in rats increases sodium solution consumption but has few effects on other sexually dimorphic behaviors SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xenoestrogen; sodium preference; endocrine disrupter; developmental; sexually dimorphic; methoxychlor ID MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; GENISTEIN EXPOSURE; OFFSPRING TOXICITY; RESEARCH NEEDS; BISPHENOL-A; SALT INTAKE; ESTROGEN AB Methoxychlor is an insecticide with estrogen-like activity, thus exposure during development might cause sexually dimorphic behavioral alterations. To evaluate this, pregnant rats consumed diets containing 0, 10, 100 or 1000 ppm methoxychlor from gestational day 7, and offspring continued on these diets until postnatal day (PND) 77. Assessments of sexually dimorphic behaviors in offspring indicated that intake of a 3.0% sodium chloride solution was significantly increased (41%) in males and females of the 1000 ppm group. No treatment group differed from controls in open field nor running wheel activity, play behavior, nor 0.3% saccharin solution intake. Offspring of the 1000 ppm. group showed significantly decreased body weight, reaching 17% less than controls at PND 77, but not clearly related to their salt solution intake. During pregnancy, 1000 ppm dams consumed 23% less food and weighed 10% less than controls, but this did not affect litter outcomes. These results indicate that in rodents, developmental and chronic exposure to dietary methoxychlor alters the sexually dimorphic behavior of salt-solution intake in young adults of both sexes. Similar behavioral alterations with other xenoestrogens, and the potential for interactions among xenoestrogens, suggest that this report may minimize the true effects of dietary methoxychlor exposure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Lab, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Flynn, KM (reprint author), Adelphi Univ, Dept Biol, 1 S Ave, Garden City, NY 11530 USA. EM flynn@adelphi.edu NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1345 EP 1354 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.009 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 960IH UT WOS:000231583300004 PM 15989973 ER PT J AU Geter, DR Moore, TM George, MH Kilburn, SR Allen, JW Nelson, GM Winkfield, E DeAngelo, AB AF Geter, DR Moore, TM George, MH Kilburn, SR Allen, JW Nelson, GM Winkfield, E DeAngelo, AB TI Tribromomethane exposure and dietary folate deficiency in the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of F344/N rats SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE folate; aberrant crypt foci; colon cancer; drinking water; bromoform; trihalomethane ID BY-PRODUCT BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; DRINKING-WATER; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DNA METHYLATION; RISK FACTOR; INDUCTION; TRIHALOMETHANES; ACID; CARCINOGENESIS AB Folate and folic acid are forms of the B vitamin that are involved in the synthesis, repair, and functioning of DNA and are required for the production and maintenance of cells. Low levels of folate have been associated with several forms of cancer, including colon cancer. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), identified as putative precursor lesions in the development of colon cancer, have been induced by the drinking water disinfection by-product, tribromomethane (TBM). To investigate whether ACF induced by TBM could be promoted by a diet devoid of dietary folate, male F344/N rats were exposed to 500 mg/l of TBM in drinking water and fed either a normal or no folate diet (NFD) for 26 weeks. At the conclusion of the study, colons were excised and examined for ACF. Rats exposed to TBM and fed a NFD, evident by significantly reduced serum folate concentrations and elevated serum homocysteine levels, had significant increases of ACF when compared to rats exposed to TBM and fed a normal diet. This study highlights the important role that diet, especially folate intake, represents in protecting the colon against TBM-induced ACF. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geter, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geter.david@epa.gov; moore.tanya@epa.gov; george.micheal@epa.gov; kilburn.steve@epa.gov; allen.james@epa.gov; nelson.gail@epa.gov; winkfield.ernest@epa.gov; deangelo.anthony@epa.gov NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1405 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.015 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 960IH UT WOS:000231583300011 PM 15921841 ER PT J AU Kistner, EO Weinberg, CR AF Kistner, EO Weinberg, CR TI A method for identifying genes related to a quantitative trait, incorporating multiple siblings and missing parents SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple siblings; linkage disequilibrium; association; missing parents; population admixture ID ASSOCIATION; TESTS; DISEQUILIBRIUM; LINKAGE AB When studying either qualitative or quantitative traits, tests of association in the presence of linkage are necessary for fine-mapping. In a previous report (Kistner and Weinberg [2004] Genet Epidemiol 27:33-42), we suggested a polytomous logistic approach to testing linkage and association between a di-allelic marker and a quantitative trait locus, using genotyped triads, consisting of an individual whose quantitative trait has been measured and his or her two parents. Here we extend that approach to incorporate marker information from entire nuclear families. By computing a weighted score function instead of a maximum likelihood test, we allow for both an unspecified correlation structure between siblings and "informative" family size (Williamson et al. [2003] Biometrics 59:36-42). Both this approach and our original approach allow for population admixture by conditioning on parental genotypes. The proposed method allows for missing parental genotype data through a multiple imputation procedure. We use simulations based on a population with admixture to compare our method to a popular non-parametric family-based association test (FBAT), testing the null of no association in the presence of linkage. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, MD A3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinberg@niehs.nih.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1002/gepi.20084 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 959PY UT WOS:000231531400005 PM 16025442 ER PT J AU Greene, ME AF Greene, ME TI Expanding the environmental information exchange network SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Informat Collect, Informat Exchange Partnership Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Greene, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Off Informat Collect, Informat Exchange Partnership Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 44 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.00068.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 988TD UT WOS:000233622800002 ER PT J AU Bernstein, D Castranova, V Donaldson, K Fubini, B Hadley, J Hesterberg, T Kane, A Lai, D McConnell, EE Muhle, H Oberdorster, G Olin, S Warheit, DB AF Bernstein, D Castranova, V Donaldson, K Fubini, B Hadley, J Hesterberg, T Kane, A Lai, D McConnell, EE Muhle, H Oberdorster, G Olin, S Warheit, DB CA ILSI Risk Sci Inst Working Grp TI Testing of fibrous particles: Short-term assays and strategies - Report of an ILSI risk science institute working group SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MADE VITREOUS FIBERS; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; REFRACTORY CERAMIC FIBERS; PLEURAL MESOTHELIAL CELLS; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FREE-RADICAL ACTIVITY; NF-KAPPA-B; CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY; SILICON-CARBIDE WHISKERS; RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AB This working group report is the product of the joint efforts of the members of an expert working group organized and convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Risk Science Institute. All members of the working group contributed by drafting various sections of the report. The final report emerged from extensive discussions and revisions by the working group and represents the consensus of the group on current utility and applicability of short-term assays and testing methods in screening fibers for potential toxicity. The screening strategy proposed by the working group is intended to distinguish between fibers that are unlikely to present a hazard and those that may require further testing for regulatory evaluation. The ILSI Risk Science Institute expresses it sincere thanks to the members of this working group for their tireless efforts over many months and their collegial spirit in developing this report. Financial support for this project through a cooperative agreement between the ILSI Risk Science Institute and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics is gratefully acknowledged. The International Life Sciences Institute ( ILSI) is a nonprofit, worldwide foundation established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the environment for the well being of the general public. ILSI receives financial support from industry, government, and foundations. The Risk Science Institute (RSI) was established in 1985 as part of the ILSI Research Foundation (RF) to improve the scientific basis of risk assessment. ILSI RF/RSI works toward this goal through an international program of scientific working groups, conferences and workshops, publications, and seminars. ILSI RF/RSI sponsors and participates in a wide range of activities to develop and disseminate new scientific knowledge, encourage exchange of ideas, and build consensus among scientists from academia, industry, government, and public interest/public health groups. ILSI RF/RSI and its programs are supported by government grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts, as well as by contributions from the ILSI Research Foundation and ILSI branches. For further information on ILSI, RF, and RSI, see the ILSI web site: www.ilsi.org. C1 Int Life Sci Inst Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Turin, Interdepartmental Ctr G Scansetti Studies Asbesto, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Owens Corning Sci & Technol Ctr, Granville, OH USA. Int Truck & Engine Corp, Warrenville, IL USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ToxPath Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Hannover, Germany. Univ Rochester, Sch Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. DuPont Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE USA. RP Olin, S (reprint author), Int Life Sci Inst Risk Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM solin@ilsi.org NR 254 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 10 BP 497 EP 537 DI 10.1080/08958370591001121 PG 41 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 949NU UT WOS:000230796200001 PM 16040559 ER PT J AU Mudipalli, A Owen, RD Preston, RJ AF Mudipalli, A Owen, RD Preston, RJ TI The effect of arsenicals on ultraviolet-radiation-induced growth arrest and related signaling events in human keratinocytes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE keratinocytes; UV; growth arrest; arsenicals; cell proliferation; cell cycle; cell signaling ID N-TERMINAL KINASE; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; CELL-CYCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; ANIMAL-MODEL; SKIN-CANCER; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; INDUCTION AB The molecular mechanisms mediating arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood. The role of confounding factors such as ultraviolet radiation (UV), add another level of complexity to the study of arsenic carcinogenesis and the cancer-risk assessment oil humans. We hypothesized that arsenicals are capable of overriding the growth arrest caused by UV treatment and may lead to selective proliferation. To test this hypothesis, a primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cell culture model was used. One group was pre-exposed to UVB (100 mJ/cml) that arrested a majority (similar to 95%) of cells in G(0)VG(1) (+UV) and a second group was not exposed to UV (-UV). Treatment of cells with various arsenicals [0-12 mu M of inorganic arsenite (iAs), 0-2 mu M of methyl oxoarsine (MMAs III) and 0-3 mu M of iododimethyl arsine (DMAs III)] indicated a concentration-dependent increase in proliferation at 24 h in the order of DMAs III > MMAs III > iAs. Flow-cytometric analyses revealed differential effects on cell cycle distribution. Analysis of a battery of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1, cdk5, PCNA, cdc25A and cdc25C) indicated exposure-specific differential expression profiles. Increased activation of JNK phosphorylation (5-10-fold) in the +UV group and the synergistic increase with methyl arsenicals suggested that JNK might be involved in cell survival and proliferative signaling. Induction of EGF levels and increased phosphorylation of the EGF receptor by arsenicals (+UV) suggested that the EGF signaling pathway might mediate arsenical-induced cell proliferation of NHEK cells. Differential activation of ERK1/2 by arsenicals (+/- UV) suggested that EGF-mediated cell proliferation by arsenicals in UV-treated NHEK cells may not involve ERK activation. Taken together, the data suggest that both UV exposure and methylation status of the arsenicals dictate the participation of key cell cycle proteins and related signaling events in arsenical-induced cell proliferation. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, ORD, Environm Carcinogenesis Div,Natl Hlth & Environm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mudipalli, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, ORD, Environm Carcinogenesis Div,Natl Hlth & Environm, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mudipalli.anu@epa.gov NR 68 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 769 EP 778 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 952SE UT WOS:000231025000021 PM 16077927 ER PT J AU Isaacs, KK Martonen, TB AF Isaacs, KK Martonen, TB TI Particle deposition in children's lungs: Theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE particle deposition; mathematical modeling; children; aerosols ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; AIR-POLLUTION; MODEL; AGE; AEROSOLS; ASTHMA; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB A mathematical model of inhaled aerosol particle deposition for children is presented and validated with data from two published experimental studies. The model accurately predicts deposition fraction (DF) in children as a function of particle size for particles in the size range 1-3 microns for both sedentary and exercise breathing conditions. When the experimental data are grouped according to age, the model is able to predict age-dependent trends in DF at the studied particle sizes under sedentary breathing conditions. The model predicts that when ventilatory conditions are held constant, age-dependent changes in morphology result in decreasing DF with age; however, under realistic conditions these changes may be masked by age-dependent changes in ventilation. Despite the fact that mean DF differs significantly from adult values only in children younger than 9, the model predicted that dose-per-surface area may still be greater in children due to smaller lung sizes. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B-143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Martonen.ted@epa.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 337 EP 353 DI 10.1089/jam.2005.18.337 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 970ZL UT WOS:000232350800009 PM 16181008 ER PT J AU Schermerhorn, PG Golden, PE Krynitsky, AJ Leimkuehler, WM AF Schermerhorn, PG Golden, PE Krynitsky, AJ Leimkuehler, WM TI Determination of 22 triazole compounds including parent fungicides and metabolites in apples, peaches, flour, and water by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; RESIDUES; TEBUCONAZOLE; DISINFECTION; FATE; WINE AB A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of 14 parent triazole fungicides and 8 of their metabolites found in apples, peaches, flour, raw water, and tap water. The triazole fungicides chosen for this multiresidue method development project included propiconazole, fenbuconazole and its RH-9129 and RH-9130 metabolites, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole and its HWG 2061 metabolite, hexaconazole, bromuconazole (both stereoisomers), epoxiconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole and its RPA-404886 and RPA-406341 metabolites, triadimefon, triadimenol, and myclobutanil. Of special concern to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were the metabolites common to all triazole fungicides: free triazole, 1,2,4-triazole (T), and its 2 conjugates: triazolylalanine (TA) and triazolylacetic acid (TAA). These metabolites were the primary focus of this project. All samples we cleaned up by a combination of C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE), mixed-mode cationic SPE, and mixed-mode anionic SIDE columns. A triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with electrospray ionization in the positive-ion mode, was used to determine the compounds of interest. T, TA, and TAA were quantitated using isotopically labeled internal standards (IS), in which the 1,2,4-triazole ring had been synthesized by using C-13 and N-15 (IS_T, IS_TA, and IS_TAA). These isotopically labeled internal standards were necessary to correct for matrix effects. The T, TA, and TAA metabolites were quantitated at the 25-50 parts-per-billion (ppb) level in food commodities and at 0.50 ppb in water. Recoveries were 70-101% from apples, 60-121% from peaches, 57-118% from flour, 75-99% from raw water, and 79-99% from tap water. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Bayer CropSci, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. RP Schermerhorn, PG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Branch, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM schermerhorn.patricia@epa.gov NR 10 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 32 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1491 EP 1502 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974GG UT WOS:000232578700028 PM 16386000 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, MG de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD TI Cyanotoxins: New generation of water contaminants SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MICROCYSTINS CYANOBACTERIAL HEPATOTOXINS; DRINKING-WATER; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; SECONDARY METABOLITES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOXINS; LR; AERUGINOSA; REMOVAL; DESTRUCTION C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Antoniou, MG (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 NR 37 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2005 VL 131 IS 9 BP 1239 EP 1243 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:9(1239) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956QO UT WOS:000231315100001 ER PT J AU Morrison, MA Benoit, G AF Morrison, MA Benoit, G TI Temporal variability in physical speciation of metals during a winter rain-on-snow event SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; AQUATIC COLLOIDS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FRESH-WATER; PHYSICOCHEMICAL SPECIATION; FLOW ULTRAFILTRATION; SIZE FRACTIONATION; RIVER WATER; CD AB Particulate matter in urban rivers transports a significant fraction of pollutants, changes rapidly during storm events, and is difficult to characterize. In this study, the physical speciation of trace metals and organic C in an urban river and upstream headwaters site in Torrington, CT, were measured during a winter rain-on-snow event. In addition, a selective fractionation scheme, using membrane and tangential-How ultrafiltration methods to separate suspended particulate matter into sand, silt, clay, and colloid fractions, was evaluated based on the appropriateness of the chosen size categories. During peak runoff at the urban river site, total-recoverable concentrations of the metals Cu and Ph increased 6- and 13-fold to 16.9 and 9.5 mu g L-1, respectively, compared with baseflow concentrations. Concentrations of Cu and Ph reached only 0.9 and 0.86 mu g L-1 at the headwaters site. For the measured storm event, the majority of metals were transported by the urban river in association with coarse silt (20-80 mu m particle diam.) during peak runoff. During peak runoff at the urban site, organic C associated with the large colloid fraction (0.1-1.0 mu m) increased from 5% (at baseflow) to 54% of the total C in transport, whereas dissolved organic C and that associated with smaller colloids decreased from 91.5% (at baseflow) to 41% of the total. Other elements that were monitored as part of the study were Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al, Cd, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-. The chosen fractionation scheme was useful to characterize pollutant transport during this event, but further testing should be undertaken to determine the most appropriate size range categories, and to ensure that the sizes measured are comparable to those used in other studies. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Sch Environm, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Morrison, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM morrison.matthew@epa.gov RI Benoit, Gaboury/O-6621-2014 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1610 EP 1619 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0324 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300018 PM 16091614 ER PT J AU Egeghy, PP Quackenboss, JJ Sandra, CC Ryan, PB AF Egeghy, PP Quackenboss, JJ Sandra, CC Ryan, PB TI Determinants of temporal variability in NHEXAS-Maryland environmental concentrations, exposures, and biomarkers SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead; phenanthrene; chlorpyrifos; variance components; reliability; determinants of exposure ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; DIETARY EXPOSURE; AGGREGATE EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; CHLORPYRIFOS; AIR; CADMIUM; INDOOR AB The longitudinal NHEXAS-Maryland study measured metals, PAHs, and pesticides in several media to capture temporal variability. Questionnaires were concurrently administered to identify factors that influenced changes in contaminant levels over time. We constructed mixed-effects regression models for lead, phenanthrene, and chlorpyrifos (including metabolites) in indoor air, dust, dermal wipes, and biological fluids. Significant predictors represented time-varying activities as well as unchanging housing and demographic factors. There was little overlap among the models, with predictors generally reflecting the diverse characteristics of the target compounds. We estimated between- and within-person variance components to evaluate the reliability of the measurements. While only one measurement of lead in blood or chlopyrifos in dust was needed for a dependable estimate of an individual's average level, three to eight measurements were needed for most other compound/exposure medium combinations because of considerable temporal variability. Measurements in biological fluids and dust were generally more consistent than those in indoor air. The significant covariates in the full models preferentially reduced the between- person variance component. Since the regression models explained only 1 - 37% of the within-person variance, the questionnaires in this study provided only modest insight into the factors responsible for the temporal variability in the contaminant levels. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Math Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Egeghy, PP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, MD E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM egeghy.peter@epa.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013; OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 NR 48 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500415 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 964IN UT WOS:000231873200002 PM 15602583 ER PT J AU Mosquin, P Whitmore, R Cindy, SB Quackenboss, J AF Mosquin, P Whitmore, R Cindy, SB Quackenboss, J TI Population coverage and nonresponse bias in a large-scale human exposure study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonresponse; human exposure survey; population coverage ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; DESIGN AB We used estimates derived from screener variables of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) Phase I field study in EPA Region V ( one of three NHEXAS Phase I field studies) to examine biases resulting from survey nonresponse and/or incomplete population coverage inherent in the study design. For variables with population values obtainable from Census projections, the combined effect of nonresponse and coverage bias was tested for after each stage of nonresponse using design-based weights. For variables where population values were not available as Census projections, nonresponse bias was tested for after the screener stage of nonresponse using weights adjusted for screener nonresponse. Additional tests for bias were performed using final survey weights to evaluate the performance of survey weight adjustments in reducing observed bias. Comparison of biases estimated using both design-based and adjusted weights was used to identify potentially important weight adjustment variables for future exposure studies, identify possible weaknesses in survey design strategies, and support the use of nonresponse and poststratication weight adjustments to reduce bias in future survey studies. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Mosquin, P (reprint author), RTI Int, Res Triangle Inst, Box 12194,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mosquin@rti.org RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013; OI Mosquin, Paul/0000-0001-9101-5977 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500421 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 964IN UT WOS:000231873200007 PM 15674317 ER PT J AU Georgopoulos, PG Wang, SW Vyas, VM Sun, Q Burke, J Vedantham, R McCurdy, T Ozkaynak, H AF Georgopoulos, PG Wang, SW Vyas, VM Sun, Q Burke, J Vedantham, R McCurdy, T Ozkaynak, H TI A source-to-dose assessment of population exposures to fine PM and ozone in Philadelphia, PA, during a summer 1999 episode SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozone; PM; exposure; dose; modeling; MENTOR; SHEDS ID AIR-POLLUTION; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; MODEL; MECHANISM; SYSTEM AB A novel source-to-dose modeling study of population exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O-3) was conducted for urban Philadelphia. The study focused on a 2- week episode, 11 - 24 July 1999, and employed the new integrated and mechanistically consistent source-to-dose modeling framework of MENTOR/SHEDS (Modeling Environment for Total Risk studies/Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation). The MENTOR/ SHEDS application presented here consists of four components involved in estimating population exposure/ dose: (1) calculation of ambient outdoor concentrations using emission-based photochemical modeling, (2) spatiotemporal interpolation for developing census-tract level outdoor concentration fields, (3) calculation of microenvironmental concentrations that match activity patterns of the individuals in the population of each census tract in the study area, and (4) population- based dosimetry modeling. It was found that the 50th percentiles of calculated microenvironmental concentrations of PM2.5 and O-3 were significantly correlated with census-tract level outdoor concentrations, respectively. However, while the 95th percentiles of O-3 microenvironmental concentrations were strongly correlated with outdoor concentrations, this was not the case for PM2.5. By further examining the modeled estimates of the 24- h aggregated PM2.5 and O-3 doses, it was found that indoor PM2.5 sources dominated the contributions to the total PM2.5 doses for the upper 5 percentiles, Environmental Tobacco Smoking (ETS) being the most significant source while O-3 doses due to time spent outdoors dominated the contributions to the total O-3 doses for the upper 5 percentiles. The MENTOR/ SHEDS system presented in this study is capable of estimating intake dose based on activity level and inhalation rate, thus completing the source-to-dose modeling sequence. The MENTOR/SHEDS system also utilizes a consistent basis of source characterization, exposure factors, and human activity patterns in conducting population exposure assessment of multiple co-occurring air pollutants, and this constitutes a primary distinction from previous studies of population exposure assessment, where different exposure factors and activity patterns would be used for different pollutants. Future work will focus on incorporating the effects of commuting patterns on population exposure/ dose assessments as well as on extending the MENTOR/ SHEDS applications to seasonal/ annual studies and to other areas in the U.S. C1 Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Georgopoulos, PG (reprint author), 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM panosg@fidelio.rutgers.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES11256-01] NR 69 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 439 EP 457 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500422 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 964IN UT WOS:000231873200008 PM 15714222 ER PT J AU He, YY Huang, JL Block, ML Hong, JS Chignell, CF AF He, YY Huang, JL Block, ML Hong, JS Chignell, CF TI Role of phagocyte oxidase in UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in keratinocytes SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; gp91; keratinocytes; NADPH oxidase; reactive oxygen species; UVA ID HUMAN SKIN CELLS; SUPEROXIDE-GENERATING-SYSTEM; CULTURED HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; NADPH OXIDASE; EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; PHOTOOXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ACTIVATION; GP91PHOX AB Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation including ultraviolet A (315-400 nm) (UVA) may cause photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. The UVA-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resultant oxidative stress exposure play an important role in these biological processes. Here we have investigated the role of phagocyte oxidase (PHOX, gp91phox) in the production of ROS, redox status change, and apoptosis after UVA exposure by using gp91phox-deficient (gp91(phox-/-)) primary keratinocytes. UVA radiation resulted in increased ROS production and oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to its oxidized form (GSSG). The presence of diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibited ROS production by UVA. In comparison with wild-type cells, gp91(phox-/-) cells produced slightly less ROS and GSH oxidation. UVA radiation induced apoptosis in wild-type keratinocytes as detected by phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. As compared with wild-type cells, UVA induced less PS translocation in gp91phox-deficient cells. No difference, however, was observed in caspase activation and DNA fragmentation after UVA exposure in wild-type and gp91(phox-/-) cells. These findings suggest that gp91phox plays a limited role in the UVA-induced ROS production, oxidative stress, and therefore the PS translocation, but has no effect on UVA-induced caspase activation and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP He, YY (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM he3@niehs.nih.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 125 IS 3 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23851.x PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 963RR UT WOS:000231824100022 PM 16117799 ER PT J AU Fullerton, D Wolverton, A AF Fullerton, D Wolverton, A TI The two-part instrument in a second-best world SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE two-part instrument; deposit-refund system; tax-subsidy ID DISTORTIONARY TAXATION; ENVIRONMENTAL LEVIES; POLLUTION TAXES; WASTE-DISPOSAL; PUBLIC GOODS; EXTERNALITIES; STANDARDS; SUBSIDIES; POLICIES AB Standard Pigovian tax theory has been extended in two directions. First, many polluting activities are difficult to tax because they are not market transactions, and so recent papers have shown that the same effects can be achieved by use of a two-part instrument (2PI): a tax on output or income and a subsidy for clean alternatives to pollution. It is a generalization of a deposit-refund system (DRS). Second, a different literature concerns the second-best pollution tax in the presence of other tax distortions. Here, we combine the two extensions by looking at the second-best 2PI. When government needs revenue, is the deposit larger and the rebate smaller? We find explicit solutions for each tax and subsidy in a general equilibrium model with other tax distortions, and we compare these to the rates in a first-best model. The tax-subsidy combination is explained in terms of a tax effect, an environmental effect and a revenue effect. The model allows for flexible interpretation to show various applications of the 2PI. We also discuss important caveats. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Econ, Austin, TX 78703 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fullerton, D (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Econ, Austin, TX 78703 USA. EM dfullert@eco.utexas.edu; wolverton.ann@epamail.epa.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0047-2727 J9 J PUBLIC ECON JI J. Public Econ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9-10 BP 1961 EP 1975 DI 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.06.011 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 956LQ UT WOS:000231301700017 ER PT J AU Baldauf, RW Gabele, P Crews, W Snow, R Cook, JR AF Baldauf, RW Gabele, P Crews, W Snow, R Cook, JR TI Criteria and air-toxic emissions from in-use automobiles in the national low-emission vehicle program SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented a program to identify tailpipe emissions of criteria and air-toxic contaminants from in-use, light-duty low-emission vehicles (LEVs). EPA recruited 25 LEVs in 2002 and measured emissions on a chassis dynamometer using the cold-start urban dynamometer driving schedule of the Federal Test Procedure. The emissions measured included regulated pollutants, particulate matter, speciated hydrocarbon compounds, and carbonyl compounds. The results provided a comparison of emissions from real-world LEVs with emission standards for criteria and air-toxic compounds. Emission measurements indicated that a portion of the in-use fleet tested exceeded standards for the criteria gases. Real-time regulated and speciated hydrocarbon measurements demonstrated that the majority of emissions occurred during the initial phases of the cold-start portion of the urban dynamometer driving schedule. Overall, the study provided updated emission factor data for real-world, in-use operation of LEVs for improved emissions modeling and mobile source inventory development. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mobile Source Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Bevilacqua Knight Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Baldauf, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mobile Source Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1263 EP 1268 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 963HN UT WOS:000231794900001 PM 16259421 ER PT J AU Srivastava, RK Hall, RE Khan, S Culligan, K Lani, BW AF Srivastava, RK Hall, RE Khan, S Culligan, K Lani, BW TI Nitrogen oxides emission control options for coal-fired electric utility boilers SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION AB Recent regulations have required reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from electric utility boilers. To comply with these regulatory requirements, it is increasingly important to implement state-of-the-art NOx control technologies on coal-fired utility boilers. This paper reviews NOx control options for these boilers. It discusses the established commercial primary and secondary control technologies and examines what is being done to use them more effectively. Furthermore, the paper discusses recent developments in NOx controls. The popular primary control technologies in use in the United States are low-NOx burners and overfire air. Data reflect that average NOx reductions for specific primary controls have ranged from 35% to 63% from 1995 emissions levels. The secondary NOx control technologies applied on U.S. coal-fired utility boilers include reburning, selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Thirty-six U.S. coal-fired utility boilers have installed SNCR, and reported NOx reductions achieved at these applications ranged from 15% to 66%. Recently, SCR has been installed at > 150 U.S. coal-fired utility boilers. Data on the performance of 20 SCR systems operating in the United States with low-NOx emissions reflect that in 2003, these units achieved NOx emission rates between 0.04 and 0.07 lb/10(6) Btu. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US DOE, Environm Projects Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Srivastava, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM srivastava.ravi@epa.gov NR 99 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 24 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1367 EP 1388 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 963HN UT WOS:000231794900012 PM 16259432 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Dorsey, AM Mayer, PM AF Groffman, PM Dorsey, AM Mayer, PM TI N processing within geomorphic structures in urban streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY DEC, 2003 CL Univ Melboune, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melboune DE clenitrification; nitrification; hyporheic; urban; nitrate; stream ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIPARIAN ZONES; ORGANIC-CARBON; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; HEADWATER STREAMS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; NITROGEN EXPORT; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; FOREST STREAM AB Stream water often diverges from the main channel into sediments below the stream surface, gravel bars next to the stream, or organic debris dams in the middle of the stream. These geomorphic structures have the potential to support processes that produce or consume inorganic N (NH4+, NO3-) and thus affect streamwater quality. We measured production (potential net mineralization and nitrification) and consumption (denitrification potential, net immobilization) of inorganic N, respiration, and organic-matter content in sediments from geomorphic structures in 4 streams in and around Baltimore, Maryland, USA. We sampled sediments from stream pools, riffles, gravel bars (vegetated and nonvegetated), and organic debris dams in forested reference and suburban catchments, and also sampled degraded (incised channel) and restored reaches of one stream. Denitrification potential was highest in organic debris dams and organic-rich gravel bars-structures with high organic matter content. Organic debris dams in suburban streams had higher denitrification than debris dams in the forested reference stream, likely because of higher NO3- concentrations in suburban streams. These results suggest that denitrification in debris dams increases in response to high NO3- levels and that denitrification may be an important sink for NO3- in urban or suburban streams. However, such denitrifying structures as organic debris dams may be difficult to maintain in urban streams because of high storm flows and downstream displacement. Geomorphic structures in N-rich streams also supported higher rates of nitrification than structures in a forested reference stream, suggesting that these structures can become sources of NO3-. The ultimate effect of different structures on NO3- concentrations in urban streams will depend on the balance of these production and consumption processes, which is a complex function of a stream's ability to retain organic matter and resist hydrologic changes associated with urbanization and elevated NO3- levels. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@ecostudies.org; aedorsey@hotmail.com; mayer.paul@epa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 NR 57 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 55 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 613 EP 625 DI 10.1899/04-026.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NI UT WOS:000231956900013 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Ensign, WE Meyer, JL AF Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Ensign, WE Meyer, JL TI Investigating hydrologic alteration as a mechanism of fish assemblage shifts in urbanizing streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY DEC, 2003 CL Univ Melboune, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melboune DE fishes; impervious surface cover; urbanization; hydrology; stormflow; baseflow; sediment; stormwater management ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; RIVER-BASIN; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; IMPERVIOUS SURFACES; WATER-QUALITY; URBANIZATION; AREA; MITIGATION; USA; HOMOGENIZATION AB Stream biota in urban and suburban settings are thought to be impaired by altered hydrology, however, it is unknown what aspects of the hydrograph alter fish assemblage structure and which fishes are most vulnerable to hydrologic alterations in small streams. We quantified hydrologic variables and fish assemblages in 30 small streams and their subcatchments (area 8-20 km(2)) in the Etowah River Catchment (Georgia, USA). We stratified streams and their subcatchments into 3 landcover categories based on imperviousness (< 10%, 10-20%, > 20% of subcatchment), and then estimated the degree of hydrologic alteration based on synoptic measurements of baseflow yield. We derived hydrologic variables from stage gauges at each study site for 1 y (January 2003-2004). Increased imperviousness was positively correlated with the frequency of storm events and rates of the rising and falling limb of the hydrograph (i.e., storm "flashiness") during most seasons. Increased duration of low flows associated with imperviousness only occurred during the autumn low-flow period, and this measure corresponded with increased richness of lentic tolerant species. Altered storm flows in summer and autumn were related to decreased richness of endemic, cosmopolitan, and sensitive fish species, and decreased abundance of lentic tolerant species. Species predicted to be sensitive to urbanization, based on specific life-history or habitat requirements, also were related to stormflow variables and % fine bed sediment in riffles. Overall, hydrologic variables explained 22 to 66% of the variation in fish assemblage richness and abundance. Linkages between hydrologic alteration and fish assemblages were potentially complicated by contrasting effects of elevated flows on sediment delivery and scour and mediating effects of high stream gradient on sediment delivery from elevated flows. However, stormwater management practices promoting natural hydrologic regimes are likely to reduce the impacts of catchment imperviousness on stream fish assemblages. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov; mary_freeman@usgs.gov; bud@ttrout.ecology.uga.edu; swenger@uga.edu; bensign@kennesaw.edu; jlmeyer@uga.edu RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 NR 61 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 57 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 656 EP 678 DI 10.1899/04-022.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NI UT WOS:000231956900016 ER PT J AU Walsh, CJ Roy, AH Feminella, JW Cottingham, PD Groffman, PM Morgan, RP AF Walsh, CJ Roy, AH Feminella, JW Cottingham, PD Groffman, PM Morgan, RP TI The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY DEC, 2003 CL Univ Melboune, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melboune DE urbanization; streams; stormwater management; water quality; hydrology; ecosystem processes; imperviousness; restoration; urban ecology ID LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; CATCHMENT URBANIZATION; DIATOM COMMUNITIES; MELBOURNE REGION; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIPARIAN ZONES; NITROGEN-CYCLE; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB The term ''urban stream syndrome'' describes the consistently observed ecological degradation of streams draining urban land. This paper reviews recent literature to describe symptoms of the syndrome, explores mechanisms driving the syndrome, and identifies appropriate goals and methods for ecological restoration of urban streams. Symptoms of the urban stream syndrome include a flashier hydrograph, elevated concentrations of nutrients and contaminants, altered channel morphology, and reduced biotic richness, with increased dominance of tolerant species. More research is needed before generalizations can be made about urban effects on stream ecosystem processes, but reduced nutrient uptake has been consistently reported. The mechanisms driving the syndrome are complex and interactive, but most impacts can be ascribed to a few major large-scale sources, primarily urban stormwater runoff delivered to streams by hydraulically efficient drainage systems. Other stressors, such as combined or sanitary sewer overflows, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and legacy pollutants (long-lived pollutants from earlier land uses) can obscure the effects of stormwater runoff. Most research on urban impacts to streams has concentrated on correlations between instream ecological metrics and total catchment imperviousness. Recent research shows that some of the variance in such relationships can be explained by the distance between the stream reach and urban land, or by the hydraulic efficiency of stormwater drainage The mechanisms behind such patterns require experimentation at the catchment scale to identify the best management approaches to conservation and restoration of streams in urban catchments. Remediation of stormwater impacts is most likely to be achieved through widespread application of innovative approaches to drainage design. Because humans dominate urban ecosystems, research on urban stream ecology will require a broadening of stream ecological research to integrate with social, behavioral, and economic research. C1 Monash Univ, Cooperat Res Ctr Freshwater Ecol, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Canberra, Cooperat Res Ctr Freshwater Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Walsh, CJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Cooperat Res Ctr Freshwater Ecol, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM chris.walsh@sci.monash.edu.au; roy.allison@epamail.epa.gov; feminjw@auburn.edu; peter.cottingham@canberra.edu.au; groffmanp@ecostudies.org; morgan@al.umces.edu RI Walsh, Christopher/B-2552-2009 OI Walsh, Christopher/0000-0002-4181-6722 NR 76 TC 775 Z9 805 U1 93 U2 762 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 706 EP 723 DI 10.1899/04-020.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NI UT WOS:000231956900019 ER PT J AU Miura, S Davis, S Klingensmith, J Mishina, Y AF Miura, S. Davis, S. Klingensmith, J. Mishina, Y. TI BMP signaling through BMPRIA functions in the extraembryonic tissues to initiate gastrulation and in the epiblast to regulate mesoderm development in the mice SO MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miura, S.; Mishina, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Davis, S.; Klingensmith, J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4773 J9 MECH DEVELOP JI Mech. Dev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 122 SU 1 BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA V11IA UT WOS:000207524100064 ER PT J AU Dean, TR Kohan, M Betancourt, D Menetrez, MY AF Dean, TR Kohan, M Betancourt, D Menetrez, MY TI A simple polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism assay capable of identifying medically relevant filamentous fungi SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; RFLP; Stachybotrys chartarum; fungal identification; filamentous fungi ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; AIRBORNE FUNGI; INDOOR; MOLD; IDENTIFICATION; DUST; BUILDINGS; OUTDOOR; INFANT AB Because of the accumulating evidence that suggests that numerous unhealthy conditions in the indoor environment are the result of abnormal growth of the filamentous fungi (mold) in and on building surfaces, it is necessary to accurately reflect the organisms responsible for these maladies and to identify them in precise and timely manner. To this end, we have developed a method that is cost effective, easy to perform, and accurate. We performed a simple polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) analysis on multiple members of species known to negatively influence the indoor environment. The genera analyzed were Stachybotrys, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium. Each organism underwent PCR with universal primers that amplified ribosomal sequences generating products from 550 to 600 bp followed by enzymatic digestion with EcoRI, HaeIII, MspI, and HinfI. Our results show that using this combination of restriction enzymes enables the identification of these fungal organisms at the species level. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dean, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dean.timothy@epa.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1385/MB:31:1:021 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 962GX UT WOS:000231720100003 PM 16118412 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Baek, SJ Bottone, FG Sali, T Eling, TE AF Kim, JS Baek, SJ Bottone, FG Sali, T Eling, TE TI Overexpression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 induces growth arrest through phosphorylation of p53 in human colorectal cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; MAMMALIAN LIPOXYGENASES; PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA; MDM2; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 AB To investigate the function of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) in human colorectal cancer, we overexpressed 15-LOX-1 in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. Clones expressing the highest levels of 15-LOX-1 displayed reduced viability compared with the HCT-116-Vector control cells. Further, by cell cycle gene array analyses, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and MDM2 genes were up-regulated in 15-LOX-1-overexpressing cells. The induction of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and MDM2 were linked to activation of p53 by 15-LOX-1, as there was a dramatic induction of phosphorylated p53 (Ser 15) in 15-LOX-1-overesxpressing cells. However, the 15-LOX-1 metabolites 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid failed to induce phosphorylation of p53 at Ser(15), and the 15-LOX-1 inhibitor PD146176 did not inhibit the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser(15) in 15-LOX-1-overexpressing cells. Nonetheless, the growth-inhibitory effects of 15-LOX-1 were p53 dependent, as 15-LOX-1 overexpression had no effect on cell growth in p53 (-/-) HCT-116 cells. Finally, treatment of HCT-116-15-LOX-1 cells with different kinase inhibitors suggested that the effects of 15-LOX-1 on p53 phosphorylation and activation were due to effects on DNA-dependent protein kinase. Collectively, these findings suggest a new mechanism to explain the biological activity of 15-LOX-1, where 15-LOX plays a stoichiometric role in activating a DNA-dependent protein kinase -dependent pathway that leads to p53-dependent growth arrest. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Eling, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, MD E4-09,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM eling@niehs.nih.gov OI Baek, Seung/0000-0001-7866-7778 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 3 IS 9 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-05-0011 PG 7 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 967ZH UT WOS:000232129600005 PM 16179498 ER PT J AU Jaeger, JR Riddle, BR Bradford, DF AF Jaeger, JR Riddle, BR Bradford, DF TI Cryptic Neogene vicariance and Quaternary dispersal of the red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus): insights on the evolution of North American warm desert biotas SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bufo punctatus; mitochondrial DNA; nested clade; North American deserts; phylogeography; vicariance ID CALIFORNIA PENINSULAR DESERT; EREMICUS SPECIES GROUP; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION HISTORY; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; GENE GENEALOGIES; SEQUENCES AB We define the geographical distributions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages embedded within a broadly distributed, arid-dwelling toad, Bufo punctatus. These patterns were evaluated as they relate to hypothesized vicariant events leading to the formation of desert biotas within western North America. We assessed mtDNA sequence variation among 191 samples from 82 sites located throughout much of the species' range. Parsimony-based haplotype networks of major identified lineages were used in nested clade analysis (NCA) to further elucidate and evaluate shallow phylogeographic patterns potentially associated with Quaternary (Pleistocene-Holocene) vicariance and dispersal. Phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for three monophyletic lineages (clades) within B. punctatus. The geographical distributions of the clades showed little overlap and corresponded to the general boundaries of the Peninsular Desert, and two continental desert regions, Eastern (Chihuahuan Desert-Colorado Plateau) and Western (Mojave-Sonoran deserts), geographically separated along the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental. The observed divergence levels and congruence with postulated events in earth history implicate a late Neogene (latest Miocene-early Pliocene) time frame for separation of the major mtDNA lineages. Evaluation of nucleotide and haplotype diversity and interpretations from NCA reveal that populations on the Colorado Plateau resulted from a recent, likely post-Pleistocene, range expansion from the Chihuahuan Desert. Dispersal across historical barriers separating major continental clades appear to be recent, resulting in secondary contacts in at least two areas. Given the observed contact between major clades, we speculated as to why the observed deep phylogeographic structure has not been eroded during the multiple previous interglacials of the Pleistocene. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Lanscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Jaeger, JR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM jaeger@ccmail.nevada.edu NR 80 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3033 EP 3048 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02645.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 955JU UT WOS:000231223000012 PM 16101772 ER PT J AU Boches, PS Bassil, NV Rowland, LJ AF Boches, PS Bassil, NV Rowland, LJ TI Microsatellite markers for Vaccinium from EST and genomic libraries SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE blueberry; EST; microsatellite; PCR; SSR; Vaccinium AB We present 30 microsatellite loci isolated from expressed sequence tag (EST) and genomic libraries in Vaccinium corymbosum L. Allele number per locus in 11 tetraploid and one diploid V. corymbosum accessions ranged from two to 15 (mean = 8.16) in 24 single-locus simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Cross-species amplification in a panel of 12 species representing nine sections ranged from 30 to 100% (mean = 83%). C1 US EPA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), US EPA, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM cornb@ars-grin.gov NR 10 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01025.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400063 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ McLachlan, JS Saunders, CJ Herrick, JD AF Blum, MJ McLachlan, JS Saunders, CJ Herrick, JD TI Characterization of microsatellite loci in Schoenoplectus americanus (Cyperaceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevated carbon dioxide; microsatellites; salt marsh; Schoenoplectus ID ELEVATED CO2 AB Schoenoplectus americanus is a model organism for studying ecological and ecosystem responses of salt marsh plant communities to global climate change. Here we characterize 16 microsatellite loci in S. americanus to facilitate studies on the genetic basis of phenotypic responses to changing climate conditions such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Most loci also amplified in the morphologically similar sister species, Schoenoplectus pungens. Five loci exhibited species-specific alleles or distinct allelic size distributions that discriminate S. americanus from S. pungens. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Atmospher Protect Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM blum.mike@epa.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 661 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01047.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400064 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC Jarema, KA AF MacPhail, RC Jarema, KA TI Prospects on behavioral studies of marine and freshwater toxins SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Toxin Impacts on Neurobehavioral Function CY JUN 22-24, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE harmful algal blooms; toxins; cyanobacteria; anatoxin-a; behavior ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONS; RATS; HEALTH; PHARMACOLOGY; AVERSION; CYANOBACTERIA; PFIESTERIA; MORTALITY; CIGUATERA; ANATOXIN AB While there is a long-standing tradition of using behavioral methods to study the effects of manufactured drugs and environmental chemicals, comparatively little allention has focused until recently on the behavioral effects of marine or freshwater toxins. A vast array of microorganisms, found in a variety of waters, are known to occasionally "bloom" and produce toxins that can cause either blatant toxicity (i.e., lethality) or damage to a number of organ systems. The nervous system is a known target for many of the toxins. Considerable research has in the past been carried out to determine toxin effects on the survivability of laboratory rodents (typically mice) following acute exposures. Newer research has shown, however, prominent toxin-induced alterations in motor, sensory, autonomic and cognitive functions at sublethal exposure concentrations. Future toxin research can capitalize upon a wealth of behavioral paradigms already available in toxicology, pharmacology and neuroscience. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP MacPhail, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, 109 TW Alexander Dr MD B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.06.007 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 982ED UT WOS:000233139800002 PM 16040230 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Ramsdell, JS AF Gordon, CJ Ramsdell, JS TI Effects of marine algal toxins on thermoregulation in mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Toxin Impacts on Neurobehavioral Function CY JUN 22-24, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE temperature regulation; radiotelemetry; behavioral thermoregulation; thermal dysthesia; maitotoxin; brevetoxin ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; CIGUATERA; BREVETOXIN; RATS AB Hypothermia is often seen in mice and rats exposed acutely to marine algal toxins, but the mechanism of action of these toxins on thermoregulation is not well understood. Our laboratory has assessed the thermoregulatory mechanisms of two marine algal toxins, maitotoxin and brevetoxin in the mouse. Radiotelemetry was used to measure core temperature in the unrestrained mouse while it was housed in a temperature gradient allowing the exhibition of thermoregulatory behavior. Both maitotoxin (338 ng/kg) and brevetoxin (180 mu g/kg) were shown to elicit profound hypothermic responses accompanied by a preference for cooler ambient temperatures in the gradient. This behavioral response would suggest that the toxins alter the central neural control of body temperature, resulting in a regulated reduction in body temperature. Following recovery from the acute hypothermic effects of brevetoxin, mice developed an elevation in their daytime core temperature that persisted for several days after exposure. This fever-like response may represent a delayed toxicological effect of the marine algal toxins that is manifested through the thermoregulatory system. Overall, algal toxins have acute and delayed effects on temperature regulation in the mouse. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the toxins on thermoregulation should lead to improved methods for treating victims of ciguatera and other toxin exposures. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-04 109 TW Alexander Dr NTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 727 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.06.012 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 982ED UT WOS:000233139800006 PM 16111859 ER PT J AU Hudnell, HK AF Hudnell, HK TI Chronic biotoxin-associated illness: Multiple-system symptoms, a vision deficit, and effective treatment SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Toxin Impacts on Neurobehavioral Function CY JUN 22-24, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE Pfiesteria; biotoxins; toxigenic microorganisms; possible estuary associated syndrome; visual contrast sensitivity ID ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; TOXIC PFIESTERIA COMPLEX; RAT PITUITARY-CELLS; NORTH-CAROLINA; HUMAN HEALTH; DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; VISUAL FUNCTION; PISCICIDA AB Blooms of toxigenic organisms have increased in spatial and temporal extent due to human activities and natural forces that alter ecologic habitats and pollute the environment. In aquatic environments, harmful algal blooms pose a risk for human health, the viability of organisms, and the sustainability of ecosystems. The estuarine dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, was discovered in the late 1980s at North Carolina State University as a contaminant in fish cultures. R piscicida was associated with fish death in laboratory aquaria, and illness among laboratory workers who inhaled the mist above aquaria. Both the fish and humans exhibited signs of toxicity. During the 1990s, large-scale mortality among fish and other aquatic organisms was associated with high concentrations of Pfiesteria sp. in estuaries on the eastern seaboard of North America from New York to Texas. Illness among humans was associated with direct exposure to estuaries and exposures to estuarine aerosols around the time of Pfiesteria-related fish kills. This review of the scientific literature on associations between Pfiesteria and human illness identified some of the possible mechanisms of action by which putative Pfiesteria toxins may have caused morbidity. Particular attention was given to the Pfiesteria-associated, human-illness syndrome known as Possible Estuary Associated Syndrome (PEAS). PEAS was characterized by multiple-system symptoms, deficits in neuropsychological tests of cognitive function, and rapid and severe decrements in visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), an indicator of neurologic function in the visual system. PEAS was diagnosed in acute and chronic illness cases, and was reacquired during re-exposure. Rapid normalization of PEAS signs and symptoms was achieved through the use of cholestyramine therapy. Cholestyramine, a non-absorbable polymer, has been used by humans to lower cholesterol levels since it was approved for that use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1958. When dissolved in water or juice and taken orally, cholestyramine binds with cholesterol, bile acids, and salts in the intestines, causing them to be eliminated rather than reabsorbed with bile during enterohepatic recirculation. Cholestyramine also has been reported to bind and eliminate a variety of toxic substances. The efficacy of cholestyramine therapy in treatment of PEAS supported the hypothesis that PEAS is a biotoxin-associated illness. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hudnell, HK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD,B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hudnell.ken@epa.gov NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 733 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.06.010 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 982ED UT WOS:000233139800007 PM 16102938 ER PT J AU Coleman, FM AF Coleman, FM TI Native to the nation: Disciplining landscapes and bodies in Australia. SO ORGANIZATION & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Coleman, FM (reprint author), US EPA, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1086-0266 J9 ORGAN ENVIRON JI Organ. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.1177/1086026605279105 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 959JV UT WOS:000231514900010 ER PT J AU Paschke, MW Topper, K Brobst, RB Redente, EF AF Paschke, MW Topper, K Brobst, RB Redente, EF TI Long-term effects of biosolids on revegetation of disturbed sagebrush steppe in northwestern Colorado SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; oil shale reclamation; shrubland; soil amendment ID PLANT COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT; WATER-TREATMENT RESIDUALS; 2 RANGE GRASSES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FOREST-FIRE; NITROGEN; GROWTH; SPAIN AB A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of biosolids amendment on restoration of disturbed sagebrush steppe habitat in northwestern Colorado. Twenty-four years after biosolids amendment, soil fertility and plant community development were studied in replicated plots receiving various biosolids amendments on two different substrates. The two substrates used were a subsoil, determined to have low initial fertility, and a topsoil over retorted shale substrate, determined to have relatively high initial fertility. Results suggest that biosolids amendments have long-lasting effects on soil fertility and plant community composition, but these effects vary between the two substrates that were utilized. Within the plots established on subsoil, the long-term effect of biosolids was a reduction in plant species diversity and dominance by perennial grasses. On the topsoil substrate, there was a decrease in perennial grasses and an increase in shrub dominance with increasing biosolids. Results demonstrate the importance of considering initial soil conditions, seed mixture, and biosolids application rate when using biosolids for restoration of disturbed sagebrush steppe habitat. The long-term effects of the biosolids treatments at this site demonstrate the need to consider restoration treatment effects over longer and more ecologically meaningful time frames. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Mesa State Coll, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Paschke, MW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mark.Paschke@colostate.edu RI Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00068.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600015 ER PT J AU Burke, DJ Martin, KJ Rygiewicz, PT Topa, MA AF Burke, DJ Martin, KJ Rygiewicz, PT Topa, MA TI Ectomycorrhizal fungi identification in single and pooled root samples: terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and morphotyping compared SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE community structure; ectomycorrhiza; morphotyping; Pinus taeda; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BIAS; SOIL; PCR; HETEROGENEITY; GENES AB We describe here the results of a study conducted to evaluate a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) approach targeting rRNA genes for determination of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities colonizing the roots of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Root tips separated from soil cores were classified according to morphological characteristics and DNA was then extracted from each group of morphotyped tips. Labeled primers were used to generate terminal restriction fragments (TRF) for molecular fingerprinting of root colonizing fungi and to determine how well TRFLP could be used to discriminate between ectomycorrhizal types. Morphotypes generally correlated well with specific TRFs and sequence analysis confirmed that TRFs could be used to discriminate among fungal types. Sequence analysis indicated that important ECM fungi including Russulaceae, Thelephorales, and Tricholomataceae could be fingerprinted with TRFLP. In addition, a fixed proportion of the DNA extracted from each morphotype from the same core was used in a pooling experiment used to assess whether previously identified fungal species types could be distinguished from one another within reconstructed communities. Since some morphotypes share TRFs, dual analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 was necessary for accurate fingerprinting of fungal types. Approximately, 5.0 +/- 0.3 phylotypes were detected per core with TRFLP-coffected morphotyping as compared to 4.0 +/- 0.4 phylotypes using TRFLP on pooled community samples. TRFLP made on experimental sporocarp communities suggested that reduced ECM richness with TRFLP may be partly caused by differences in the amount of DNA available for PCR and primer bias. Nonetheless, TRFLP on pooled morphotypes accounted for more than 93 % of colonized root tips. The method can be used to facilitate analysis of mycorrhizal communities using root tips collected from soil cores. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Burke, DJ (reprint author), Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dburke@est.edu OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1683 EP 1694 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.01.028 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MT UT WOS:000230935300013 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Bercegeay, M Krantz, T Evans, M Benignus, V Simmons, JE AF Boyes, WK Bercegeay, M Krantz, T Evans, M Benignus, V Simmons, JE TI Momentary brain concentration of trichloroethylene predicts the effects on rat visual function SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; visual evoked potentials ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; SENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS; SPATIAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; REPEATED INHALATION; EXPOSURE SCENARIO; XENOPUS OOCYTES; ABUSED SOLVENT AB The relationship between the concentration of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the brain and changes in brain function, indicated by the amplitude of steady-state pattern-elicited visual evoked potentials (VEP), was evaluated in Long-Evans rats. VEPs were recorded from visual cortex following stimulation of the eyes and, thus, reflect the function of the afferent visual pathway and, in broad terms, may be indicative of overall brain function. The concentration of TCE in the brain at the time of VEP testing (i.e., momentary brain concentration) was hypothesized to predict the amplitude of the VEP across a range of inhalation concentrations, both during and after exposure. Awake restrained rats were exposed to clean air or TCE in the following combinations of concentration and duration: 500 ppm (4 h), 1000 ppm (4 h), 2000 (2 h), 3000 ppm (1.3 h), 4000 ppm (1 h), and 5000 ppm (0.8 h). VEPs were recorded several times during the exposure session, and afterward for experimental sessions of less than 4 h total duration (i.e., concentrations from 2000 to 5000 ppm). The sample collection time for each VEP was about 1 min. Brain concentrations of TCE were predicted using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. VEP waveforms were submitted to spectral analysis, and the amplitude of the largest response component, occurring at twice the temporal stimulation rate (F2), was measured. Exposure to all air concentrations of TCE in the study reduced F2 amplitude. The reduction of F2 amplitude was proportional to momentary brain TCE concentration during and after exposure. A logistical function fit to the combined data from all exposure conditions described a statistically significant relationship with 95% confidence limits between brain TCE concentration and F2 amplitude. The results support the hypothesis that momentary brain concentration of TCE is an appropriate dose metric to describe the effects of acute TCE inhalation exposure on rat VEPs. The combination of the PBPK model predicting brain TCE concentration from the exposure conditions with the logistical function predicting F2 amplitude from the brain TCE concentration constitute a quantitative exposure-dose-response model describing an acute change in neurological function following exposure to an important hazardous air pollutant. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi242 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 957HW UT WOS:000231361900021 PM 15976185 ER PT J AU Rayner, JL Enoch, RR Fenton, SE AF Rayner, JL Enoch, RR Fenton, SE TI Adverse effects of prenatal exposure to atrazine during a critical period of mammary gland growth SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; mammary gland; critical period; lactation ID IN-UTERO; SEXUAL-MATURATION; GIRLS; RATS; DIFFERENTIATION; MORPHOLOGY; MENARCHE; AGE AB Prenatal exposure to 100 mg/kg atrazine (ATR) delays mammary gland (MG) development in resulting female offspring of Long-Evans rats. To determine if the fetal MG was sensitive to ATR effects during specific periods of development, timed-pregnant dams (n = 8/group/block) were dosed for 3- or 7-gestation day (GD) intervals (GD 13-15, 15-17, 17-19, or 13-19) with 100 mg ATR/kg/day or vehicle (C), and their offspring were evaluated for changes. Mammary glands taken from pups prenatally exposed to ATR displayed significant delays in epithelial development as early as postnatal day (PND) 4 compared to C, with continued developmental delays at later time points that varied by time of exposure. However, the most persistent and severe delays were seen in the GD 17-19 and GD 13-19 ATR exposure groups, demonstrating statistically similar growth retardation. Because MG developmental deficits persisted into adulthood, we hypothesized that ATR-exposed animals may have had difficulties nursing their young. Females exposed prenatally to either ATR (as defined) or C (n = 4 litters/group) were bred, and the resulting F-2 offspring from GD 17-19 and GD 13-19 exposure groups were significantly smaller in body weight (BW) than C. In a separate study, it was determined that ATR (25-100 mg/kg), delivered from GD 15-19, did not decrease fetal body weights on GD 20, even though the higher doses significantly decreased weight gain of the dosed dams. These data suggest that the consequences of brief ATR exposure during a critical period of fetal MG development (GD 17-19), are both delayed MG development of the offspring and inadequate nutritional support of F-2 offspring, resulting in adverse effects on pup weight gain. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM fenton.suzanne@epa.gov NR 21 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi213 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 957HW UT WOS:000231361900028 PM 15933227 ER PT J AU Drobna, Z Waters, SB Devesa, V Harmon, AW Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Drobna, Z Waters, SB Devesa, V Harmon, AW Thomas, DJ Styblo, M TI Metabolism and toxicity of arsenic in human urothelial cells expressing rat arsenic (+3 oxidation state)-methyltransferase SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE As; methyltransferase; AS3MT; metabolism; toxicity; urinary bladder; human ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; IN-VITRO METHYLATION; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; TRIVALENT ARSENICALS; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; RABBIT LIVER; GLUTATHIONE; METHYLTRANSFERASE AB The enzymatic methylation of inorganic As (iAs) is catalyzed by As(+3 oxidation state)-methyltransferase (AS3MT). AS3MT is expressed in rat liver and in human hepatocytes. However, AS3MT is not expressed in UROtsa, human urothelial cells that do not methylate iAs. Thus, UROtsa cells are an ideal null background in which the role of iAs methylation in modulation of toxic and cancer-promoting effects of this metalloid can be examined. A retroviral gene delivery system was used in this study to create a clonal UROtsa cell line (UROtsa/F35) that expresses rat AS3MT. Here, we characterize the metabolism and cytotoxicity of arsenite (iAs(III)) and methylated trivalent arsenicals in parental cells and clonal cells expressing AS3MT. In contrast to parental cells, UROtsa/F35 cells effectively methylated iAs(III), yielding methylarsenic (MAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs) containing either As-III or As-V. When exposed to MAsIII, UROtsa/F35 cells produced DMAsIII and DMAsV. MAsIII and DMAsIII were more cytotoxic than iAs(III) in UROtsa and UROtsa/F35 cells. The greater cytotoxicity of MAsIII or DMAsIII than of iAs(III) was associated with greater cellular uptake and retention of each methylated trivalent arsenical. Notably, UROtsa/F35 cells were more sensitive than parental cells to the cytotoxic effects of iAs(III) but were more resistant to cytotoxicity of MAsIII. The increased sensitivity of UROtsa/F35 cells to iAs(III) was associated with inhibition of DMAs production and intracellular accumulation of MAs. The resistance of UROtsa/F35 cells to moderate concentrations of MAsIII was linked to its rapid conversion to DMAs and efflux of DMAs. However, concentrations of MAsn(III) that inhibited DMAs production by UROtsa/F35 cells were equally toxic for parental and clonal cell lines. Thus, the production and accumulation of MAsIII is a key factor contributing to the toxicity of acute iAs exposures in methylating cells. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Pharmacokinet Branch,Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Drobna, Z (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM zuzana_drobna@med.unc.edu RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350, P30 DK056350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010845, ES010845, R01 ES010845-05] NR 46 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 2 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.007 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 958ZB UT WOS:000231485600006 PM 16102566 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, LS AF Birnbaum, L. S. TI Risk characterization of dioxins SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 158 SU 1 BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V44GT UT WOS:000202991900015 ER PT J AU Cyterski, MJ Ney, JJ AF Cyterski, MJ Ney, JJ TI Availability of clupeid prey to primary piscivores in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRIPED BASS; SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; BIOMASS RATIOS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; GIZZARD SHAD; DEMAND; TEMPERATURE; HYPOTHESIS; PREDATION AB Prey supply to predators is limited by the morphology, behavior, and spatial distributions of both predator and prey. To be eaten, prey must co-occur spatially and temporally with the predator (distribution), the predator must recognize the prey as potential food and successfully capture it (behavior), and the predator must have a mouth large enough to ingest its target (morphology). We quantified the cumulative effect of these three factors on clupeid prey availability to both largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and striped bass Morone saxatilis in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. As expected, morphological constraints were more severe for small predators. Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus were morphologically more available than gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum. Incongruent spatial distributions, the result of lake stratification, prevented striped bass from feeding on gizzard shad during summer and limited largemouth bass consumption of alewives. For unknown behavioral reasons, largemouth bass and striped bass consumed only clupeids between 40 and 160 mm total length. For largemouth bass, the available supply of alewives was equivalent to demand and that of gizzard shad exceeded consumption by 53%. For striped bass, the available supply of gizzard shad surpassed consumption by 26% and that of alewives was 4% greater than consumption. Annual consumption by all clupeid predators, including largemouth bass and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, striped bass, walleye Sander vitreus, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, white catfish Ameiurus catus, and crappies Pomoxis spp., was 94% of the total available clupeid supply. Our analysis indicates that increased predation on the clupeid forage base of Smith Mountain Lake would lead to decreased prey production and produce prey shortages for piscivores that are dependent on this food resource. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cyterski, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cyterski.mike@epa.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1410 EP 1421 DI 10.1577/T04-110.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300029 ER PT J AU Olszyk, D Apple, M Gartner, B Spicer, R Wise, C Buckner, E Benson-Scott, A Tingey, D AF Olszyk, D Apple, M Gartner, B Spicer, R Wise, C Buckner, E Benson-Scott, A Tingey, D TI Xeromorphy increases in shoots of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco seedlings with exposure to elevated temperature but not elevated CO2 SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE climate change; Douglas-fir; mass allocation; allometry; anatomy ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; PONDEROSA PINE; LEAF-AREA; NITROGEN ALLOCATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH AB Seedling structure influences tree structure and function, ultimately determining the potential productivity of trees and their competitiveness for resources. We investigated changes in shoot structure for seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) grown under climate change scenarios of ambient or elevated CO2 (+ 180 mol mol(-1)) plus ambient or elevated temperature (+ 3.5 degrees C), for 4 years in outdoor, sunlit chambers. Mass allocation and allometry were measured for buds, leaves, branches, and stems, and anatomy was evaluated for leaves and stems. Seedlings became more xeromorphic with elevated temperature: allocation of total mass to branches over stems and leaves increased, sapwood area to height ratio increased, number of growing points relative to seedling size increased, and stem and branch length and mass decreased for sections initiated during the three full CO2 and temperature seasons. Neither stem nor leaf anatomy was affected by elevated temperature. Elevated CO2 increased specific mass of leaves, but had few other effects on mass allocation, allometry, or anatomy for any shoot organ. There were no CO2 x temperature interactions for any important parameter. Thus, under realistic simulated field environmental conditions representative for in at least some P. menziesii forests (i. e., OR, USA, forests with limited soil nitrogen and summer soil moisture), elevated temperature, but not elevated CO2, may affect seedling shoot structure and, hence, function. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Olszyk, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM olszyk.david@epa.gov NR 68 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 552 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s00468-005-0414-7 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961EP UT WOS:000231645000008 ER PT J AU Pressman, JG Georgiou, G Speitel, GE AF Pressman, JG Georgiou, G Speitel, GE TI Scale-up considerations for a hollow-fiber-membrane bioreactor treating trichloroethylene-contaminated water SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hollow-fiber membrane; bioreactor; trichloroethylene; methanotrophs; biodegradation ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; PP358 AB Scale-up of a hollow-fiber-membrane (HFM) bioreactor treating trichloroethylene- (TCE-) contaminated water via co-metabolism with the methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b PP358 was investigated through cost comparisons, bioreactor experiments, and mathematical modeling. Cost comparisons, based on a hypothetical treatment scenario of 568-L/min (150-gpm) flowrate with an influent TCE concentration of 100 mu g/L, resulted in a configuration of treatment trains with two HFM modules in series and an overall annual cost of $0.36/m(3) treated. Biological experiments were conducted with short lumen and shell residence times, 0.16 and 0.40 min, respectively, as a result of the cost comparisons. A new variable, specific transformation, was defined for characterizing the co-metabolic transformation in continuous-flow systems, and values as large as 38.5 mu g TCE/mg total suspended solids were sustainable for TCE treatment. Using mathematical modeling, HFM bioreactor system design was investigated, resulting in a five-step system design strategy to facilitate sizing of the unit processes. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Pressman, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS681, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pressman.jonathan@epa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 77 IS 5 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.2175/106143005X67458 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 967DV UT WOS:000232072600014 PM 16274088 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Gombert, B Croue, JP Valentine, RL AF Duirk, SE Gombert, B Croue, JP Valentine, RL TI Modeling monochloramine loss in the presence of natural organic matter SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE monochloramine; natural organic matter (NOM); chlorination; chloramination; specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA); disinfection models ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; UV SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE WATERS; FULVIC-ACID; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; CHLORINATION; CHLORAMINATION; REACTIVITY AB A comprehensive model describing monochloramine loss in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) is presented. The model incorporates simultaneous monochloramine autodecomposition and reaction pathways resulting in NOM oxidation. These competing pathways were resolved numerically using an iterative process evaluating hypothesized reactions describing NOM oxidation by monochloramine under various experimental conditions. The reaction of monochloramine with NOM was described as biphasic using four NOM specific reaction parameters. NOM pathway I involves a direct reaction of monochloramine with NOM (k(doc1)=1.05 x 10(4) - 3.45 x 10(4) M(-1)h(-1)). NOM pathway 2 is slower in terms of monochloramine loss and attributable to free chorine (HOCl) derived from monochloramine hydrolysis (k(doc2) = 5.72 x 10(5)-6.98 x 105 M(-1)h(-1)), which accounted for the majority of monochloramine loss. Also, the free chlorine reactive site fraction in the NOM structure was found to correlate to specific ultraviolet absorbance at 280nm (SUVA(280))- Modeling monochloramine loss allowed for insight into disinfectant reaction pathways involving NOM oxidation. This knowledge is of value in assessing monochloramine stability in distribution systems and reaction pathways leading to disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ESIP, Lab Chim Environm, Plate Forme Eaux, F-86022 Poitiers, France. RP Duirk, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM duirk.stephen@epa.gov; bertrand.gombert@esip.univ-poitiers.fr; croue@campus.univ-poitiers.fr; richard-valentine@uiowa.edu NR 26 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 3418 EP 3431 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 962OA UT WOS:000231740900029 PM 16045963 ER PT J AU Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Verma, M Brar, SK Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Wastewater sludge as a potential raw material for antagonistic fungus (Trichoderma sp.): Role of pre-treatment and solids concentration SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agent; conidia; entomotoxicity; pre-treatment; solids; Trichoderma viride; wastewater sludge ID LIQUID CULTURE; HARZIANUM; CONIDIATION; INDUCTION; ENZYMES AB Feasibility of production of antagonistic Trichoderma sp. conidial spores using wastewater sludge as a raw material employing different suspended solids concentration (10-50g/l) was investigated in shake flasks. Maximum conidial spore count obtained for raw sludge was 1.98 x 10(4) CFU/ml, which was enhanced by sludge pre-treatments (alkaline and thermal alkaline). Conidial spore count ranging from 1.3 x 10(6) to 2.8 x 10(7) CFU/ml was observed for alkaline and thermal alkaline treated sludges. Optimal suspended solids concentration was 30g/l (10(7) CFU/ml) whereas, lower (< 20g/l) and higher (> 30g/l) solids concentration were less efficient. Thermal alkaline pre-treated sludge showed diauxic growth due to multiplicity of sludge biodegradability. A simple, modified CFU filtration technique was also developed for fungal spore assessment in sludge. Bioassay of fermented sludge against spruce budworm larvae showed entomotoxicity (15036 SBU/mu l), on par with Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides. This study successfully demonstrated potential of wastewater sludge as a raw material for production of value added product, aiding in sludge management and proliferation of eco-friendly and economical biocontrol agents. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Sci Eau Terre & Environm, 2800 Rue Einstein,CP 7500, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM tyagi@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca NR 28 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 3587 EP 3596 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.07.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 971XH UT WOS:000232417800016 PM 16095662 ER PT J AU Trebitz, AS Morrice, JA Taylor, DL Anderson, RL West, CW Kelly, JR AF Trebitz, AS Morrice, JA Taylor, DL Anderson, RL West, CW Kelly, JR TI Hydromorphic determinants of aquatic habitat variability in Lake Superior coastal wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE coastal wetlands; hydrology; morphology; seiche; habitat variability ID STREAM FISH ASSEMBLAGES; GREAT-LAKES; WATER MOTION; LAND-USE; INVERTEBRATE ABUNDANCE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LARVAL FISH; GREEN-BAY; MARSH AB Despite the recognized importance of wetlands as habitat for fishes and the growing need to assess and manage human impacts on that habitat, there is little information on patterns and variability of habitat within Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Our goal was to describe wetland aquatic habitat patterns and the natural factors that organize them as a step towards developing habitat assessment schemes and identifying experimental design elements for future synoptic surveys. We analyzed data on aquatic vegetation structure, water chemistry, and water movement (inferred from gypsum plug dissolution) in relation to hydrology and morphology in inundated segments of ten relatively un-impacted coastal marshes of western Lake Superior. Spatial differences in aquatic habitat within wetlands were as large or larger than differences among wetlands, and habitat patterns were strongly associated with morphology and hydrology. Back-bay segments tended to have greater vegetation cover and structural complexity and lower levels of water movement, and they were prone to high water temperatures and low dissolved oxygen levels in wetlands having little seiche activity. Increasing seiche inputs tended to homogenize habitat elements among wetland segments, while increasing tributary inputs tended to increase spatial variability. Patterns in emergent vegetation differed from patterns in submerged/floating vegetation, and different assessment metrics may be needed for different plant zones. Segment-scale sampling schemes like those used in this study have the potential to elucidate habitat patterns within inundated portions of wetlands with a reasonable level of effort. Human impacts on coastal wetland fish habitat must be interpreted in the context of natural spatial heterogeneity as structured by wetland morphology and magnitude of seiche and tributary inputs. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Trebitz, AS (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM trebitz.anett@epa.gov NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 505 EP 519 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0505:HDOAHV]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300001 ER PT J AU Ewel, KC Day, FP Keough, JR AF Ewel, KC Day, FP Keough, JR TI The strategic plan for the Society of Wetland Scientists: 2005-2010 SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article C1 Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0789:TSPFTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300027 ER PT J AU Allen, G Sherman, DH Gallo, BH Koroncai, RA AF Allen, G Sherman, DH Gallo, BH Koroncai, RA TI Q & A on environmental regulations and issues in the mid-atlantic region SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Reg 3, Chesapeake Bay Progra Off, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Epstein Becker & Green PC, Atlanta, GA 30326 USA. EM allen.greg@epa.gov; dhsherman@ebglaw.com; bgallo@ebglaw.com; koroncai.robert@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 43-CHAL BP U714 EP U714 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301427 ER PT J AU Allen, G AF Allen, G TI Regulations and issues related to the chemicals in the Chesapeake Bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM allen.greg@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 40-CHAL BP U713 EP U713 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301424 ER PT J AU Bacchus, S Braverman, M Horne, D AF Bacchus, S Braverman, M Horne, D TI Strategies for incorporation of biopestides into IPM programs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div 7511C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM bacchus.shanaz@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 117-AGRO BP U157 EP U158 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300298 ER PT J AU Brinkhuis, R MacDougall, L Ellenberger, J Cook, B Holderman, T AF Brinkhuis, R MacDougall, L Ellenberger, J Cook, B Holderman, T TI Facilitating electronic submission of chemical information: OECD harmonized templates (and XML schema), the US high production volume information system (HPVIS), and the European union's IUCLID database [panel] SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Informat Management Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM brinkhuis.randall@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 65-CINF BP U1027 EP U1028 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302062 ER PT J AU Colina, CM Venkateswarlu, D Duke, RE Perera, L Darden, T Pedersen, LG AF Colina, CM Venkateswarlu, D Duke, RE Perera, L Darden, T Pedersen, LG TI Complete structural and dynamical solution equilibrated model for Tissue Factor/Factor VIIa SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, High Performance Comp Grp, Informat Technol Serv, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ccolina@email.unc.edu RI Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013; Venkateswarlu, Divi/K-1815-2014 OI Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861; Venkateswarlu, Divi/0000-0003-2481-7480 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 298-COMP BP U1392 EP U1392 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302807 ER PT J AU Colon, D Weber, EJ Anderson, JL AF Colon, Dalizza Weber, Eric J. Anderson, James L. TI QSAR study of the reduction of nitrobenzenes by Fe(II) species: Effect of ferric oxides, pH and natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM colon.dalizza@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 177-ENVR BP U1586 EP U1586 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303177 ER PT J AU Colon, D Weber, EJ Anderson, JL Winget, P Suarez, LA AF Colon, Dalizza Weber, Eric J. Anderson, James L. Winget, Paul Suarez, Luis A. TI Reduction of nitrosobenzenes and hydroxylanilines by Fe(II) species: Elucidation of mechanism, effect of ferric oxides and pH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM colon.dalizza@epamail.epa.gov RI Winget, Paul/C-5808-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 178-ENVR BP U1586 EP U1587 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303178 ER PT J AU Ekman, DR Konwick, BJ Garrison, AW Kenneke, JF Fisk, AT AF Ekman, DR Konwick, BJ Garrison, AW Kenneke, JF Fisk, AT TI Investigating the enantioselective toxicity of conazole fungicides in rainbow trout through the use of NMR-based metabonomics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 56-AGRO BP U124 EP U124 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300237 ER PT J AU Etsitty, C Kough, L Rindal, MB AF Etsitty, C Kough, L Rindal, MB TI Detection of genetically modified plant material: Analytical methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Ctr Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM etsitty.carl@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 115-AGRO BP U156 EP U156 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300296 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Wilkin, RT Beck, F Clark, P Creed, J Creed, P AF Ford, RG Wilkin, RT Beck, F Clark, P Creed, J Creed, P TI Spatial and temporal dynamics in arsenic speciation across the ground water-surface water transition zone at a contaminated site SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Resortat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ford.robert@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 143-GEOC BP U1786 EP U1787 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303577 ER PT J AU Garvey, D AF Garvey, D TI Highway 218: Hills, Iowa perchlorate site SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. EM garvey.daniel@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 98-ENVR BP U1547 EP U1547 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303098 ER PT J AU Kailasam, S Rogers, KR AF Kailasam, S Rogers, KR TI Fluorescence based assay for DNA damage induced by toxic chemicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council Associat, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Kailasam.Srividya@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 74-TOXI BP U1866 EP U1867 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303741 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Garrison, AW AF Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Garrison, AW TI In vitro phase I metabolism of the triazole fungicide bromuconazolle and its four enantiomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kenneke.john@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 57-AGRO BP U124 EP U125 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300238 ER PT J AU Koroncai, RA AF Koroncai, RA TI Nutrient over-enrichment in the Chesapeake bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Reg 3, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM koroncai.robert@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 41-CHAL BP U713 EP U714 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301425 ER PT J AU Lin, J AF Lin, J TI Modeling approaches to address turf and golf course scenarios SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, OPPTS, OPP, EFED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lin.james@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 105-AGRO BP U151 EP U151 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300286 ER PT J AU Liu, SL Shamim, MT Holmes, J Nguyen, T Hoot, L Spatz, DS Shamim, AN AF Liu, SL Shamim, MT Holmes, J Nguyen, T Hoot, L Spatz, DS Shamim, AN TI EPA pesticide fate database for risk assessment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Pesticides Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM liu.larry@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 8-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300189 ER PT J AU Luo, N Hatchett, DW Rogers, KR AF Luo, N Hatchett, DW Rogers, KR TI Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on SAM-coated gold electrodes using ferricyanide as the redox indicator SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Exposure & Dose Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Luo.Ning@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 235-COLL BP U1150 EP U1150 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302314 ER PT J AU McCroan, KD Gogolak, C AF McCroan, KD Gogolak, C TI Practical software for automatic uncertainty propagation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, NAREL, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. US Dept Homeland Secur, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM mccroan.keith@epamail.epa.gov; cvg@eml.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 37-NUCL BP U2294 EP U2295 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797304589 ER PT J AU Nelson, WM AF Nelson, WM TI Green processes for chemical methods involving phytochemical nutrition products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM nelson.williamm@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 29-AGFD BP U17 EP U17 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300030 ER PT J AU Reynolds, AH Milofsky, T AF Reynolds, AH Milofsky, T TI Regulatory issues with the development of biological pesticides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div 7511C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM reynolds.alan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 116-AGRO BP U157 EP U157 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300297 ER PT J AU Richard, AM AF Richard, AM TI Promoting data standards and open public access to structure-searchable toxicity databases: DSSTox and coordinated public efforts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 61-CINF BP U1026 EP U1027 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302059 ER PT J AU Richard, AM AF Richard, AM TI Promoting data standards and open public access to structure-searchable toxicity databases: DSSTox and coordinated public efforts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 61-CINF BP U1026 EP U1026 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302058 ER PT J AU Rispin, A AF Rispin, Amy TI Performance standards for quality assurance of validated alternative test methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, OPP, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIEHS, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rispin.amy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 64-CINF BP U1027 EP U1027 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302061 ER PT J AU Rispin, A Loranger, R Funk, S AF Rispin, Amy Loranger, Rick Funk, Steve TI OECD residue chemistry guideline harmonization project SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, OPP, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rispin.amy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 63-CINF BP U1027 EP U1027 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302060 ER PT J AU Stafford, CJ AF Stafford, CJ TI Overview of EPA guidelines for analytical methods used to enforce food tolerances SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM stafford.charles@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 452-ANYL BP U392 EP U392 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300765 ER PT J AU Timm, GE AF Timm, GE TI EPA's endocrine disruptor screening program SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM timm.gary@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 13-CHED BP U733 EP U733 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301471 ER PT J AU Ulrich, EM Helsel, DR AF Ulrich, EM Helsel, DR TI Mathematical manipulations of enantiomeric data SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ulrich.elin@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 55-AGRO BP U123 EP U124 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300236 ER PT J AU Villanueva, PS Miller, DJ AF Villanueva, PS Miller, DJ TI Statistically-based method for establishing NAFTA-harmonized tolerances SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM villanueva.philip@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 141-AGRO BP U171 EP U171 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300322 ER PT J AU Willis, J AF Willis, J TI US government's perspective on the Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management (SAICM) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 52-ENVR BP U1524 EP U1524 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303052 ER PT J AU Xiong, GH Van Emon, JM AF Xiong, GH Van Emon, JM TI Measurement of pyrethroid residues in environmental samples by enhanced solvent extraction/supercritical fluid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM xiong.guohua@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 21-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300202 ER PT J AU Yang, SY AF Yang, SY TI EPA Office of Solid Waste methods development activities for perchlorate ion in solids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Econ Methods & Risk Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yang.shen-yi@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 209-ENVR BP U1603 EP U1603 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303209 ER PT J AU Mathew, J Gandhi, J Hedrick, J AF Mathew, J Gandhi, J Hedrick, J TI Trace level perchlorate analysis by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Ion Chromatograhy Symposium CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL Trier, GERMANY DE perchlorate; IC; MS; IC-MS; ClO4-; perchlorate by IC-MS; trace perchlorate AB Perchlorate is commonly used as an oxidant in solid fuel propellant for rockets and missiles. Recently perchlorate contamination was found in many aquifers associated with Colorado River and other sites. Perchlorate was also found at elevated level in crops that use contaminated water for irrigation. Ion chromatography with conductivity detection could be used to measure perchlorate levels in drinking and wastewaters as per United States Environmental Protection Agency method 314, but at lower levels and with complexity of the matrix there could be false positive and/or false negative. This study was done to demonstrate the detection of perchlorate with lower detection limit with high ionic matrix by ion chromatography-mass spectrometry. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Houston Lab, Management Div, Houston, TX 77099 USA. Metrohm Peak, Houston, TX 77034 USA. Agilent Technol, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Mathew, J (reprint author), US EPA, Houston Lab, Management Div, 10625 Fallstone, Houston, TX 77099 USA. EM mathew.johnson@epa.gov NR 8 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 26 PY 2005 VL 1085 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.015 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 951QK UT WOS:000230945300010 PM 16106848 ER PT J AU Knightes, CD Cyterski, M AF Knightes, CD Cyterski, M TI Evaluating predictive errors of a complex environmental model using a general linear model and least square means SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE model; evaluation; errors; environmental; general linear model ID STATISTICAL VALIDATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; REGRESSION; PERFORMANCE; METHODOLOGY AB A general linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the deviation of predicted values from expected values for a complex environmental model. For this demonstration, we used the default level interface of the regional mercury cycling model (R-MCM) to simulate epilimnetic total mercury concentrations in Vermont and New Hampshire lakes based on data gathered through the EPAs Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (REMAP). The response variable for the GLM was defined as R-MCMs predictive error: the difference between observed mercury concentrations and modeled mercury concentrations in each lake. Least square means of the response variable are used as an estimate of the magnitude and significance of bias, i.e., a statistically discernable trend in predictive errors for a given lake type, e.g., acidic, stratified, or oligotrophic. Using our approach, we determined lake types where significant over-prediction and under-prediction of epilimnetic total mercury concentration was occurring, i.e., regions in parameter space where the model demonstrated significant bias was distinguished from regions where no significant bias existed. This technique is most effective for finding regions of parameter space where bias is significant. Drawing conclusions concerning regions that show no significant bias can be misleading. The significant interaction terms in the GLM demonstrated that addressing this problem using univariate statistical techniques would lead to a loss of important information. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Knightes, CD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM knightes.chris@epamail.epa.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 186 IS 3 BP 366 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.034 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952ZI UT WOS:000231044600009 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Cooper, RL Lambright, CS Wilson, VS Furr, J Gray, LE AF Stoker, TE Cooper, RL Lambright, CS Wilson, VS Furr, J Gray, LE TI In vivo and in vitro anti-androgenic effects of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBDE; DE-71; androgen receptor antagonist; BDE-47; BDE-153; BDE-154; BDE-99; BDE-100; Hershberger; puberty ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; MALE-RAT; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGEN; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; PLAY-BEHAVIOR; VINCLOZOLIN; EXPOSURE; HORMONE; ALTERS; INDUCTION AB PBDEs have been synthesized in large quantities as flame retardants for commercial products, such as electronic equipment and textiles. The rising in levels of PBDEs in tissues in wildlife species and in human milk and plasma samples over the past several years have raised concerns about possible health effects. Recently, we showed that the PBDE mixture, DE-71, delayed puberty and suppressed the growth of androgen-dependent tissues in male Wistar rat following a peri-pubertal exposure. These effects suggested that DE-71 may be either inducing steroid hormone metabolism or acting as an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist. To elucidate the potential anti-androgenic effects of this mixture, we evaluated DE-71 in several in vivo assays, which are responsive to alterations in androgen activity. In a pubertal exposure study designed to further evaluate the delay in preputial separation (PPS), we observed a dose-dependent delay in PPS with 60 and 120 mg/kg/day of DE-71 (4 and 5 days) and a corresponding suppression of ventral prostate (VP) and seminal vesicle growth at both doses. Adult males exposed to 60 mg/kg DE-71 for 3 days resulted in a significant increase in luteinizing hormone and a non-significant increase in testosterone, androstenedione and estrone. DE-71 also tested positive for anti-androgenic activity in an immature rat Hershberger assay, with decreases in mean VP and seminal vesicle weight following doses of 30-240 mg/kg. DE-71 and the individual BDE congeners which comprise the mixture (BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, -154) were also evaluated in vitro. First, AR binding was evaluated in a competitive binding assay using rat VP cytosol. In addition, we evaluated gene activation in a transcriptional activation assay using the MDA-kb2 cell line which contains an endogenous human AR and a transfected luciferase reporter. DE-71 and BDE-100 (2, 4, 6-pentaBDE) both inhibited AR binding, with IC50s of approximately 5 mu M. In addition, DE-71 and two of the congeners (BDE-100 and BDE-47) inhibited DHT-induced transcriptional activation. The pattern of inhibition shown in the double-reciprocal plot for BDE-100 and the linear slope replot confirmed that the in vitro mechanism is pure competitive inhibition, with a inhibition constant (K-i) of I mu M. The delay in puberty in the male rat and decreased growth of androgen-dependent tissues observed previously following exposure to DE-71 were likely due to this inhibition of AR binding by several of the congeners which make up this mixture. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 29 TC 153 Z9 165 U1 3 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.05.010 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 958HL UT WOS:000231435200006 PM 16005038 ER PT J AU Yin, SM Guan, Z Tang, YY Zhao, J Honga, JS Zhang, WQ AF Yin, SM Guan, Z Tang, YY Zhao, J Honga, JS Zhang, WQ TI Abnormal expression of epilepsy-related gene ERG1/NSF in the spontaneous recurrent seizure rats with spatial learning memory deficits induced by kainic acid SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epilepsy-related gene; spontaneous recurrent seizure; N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein; kainic acid; spatial learning memory; ventral tegmental area ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; HIPPOCAMPAL LTD; LOBE EPILEPSY; AMPA; NSF; PLASTICITY; IMPAIRMENT; ACTIVATION AB Previous epilepsy-related gene screen identified a spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS)-related gene named epilepsy-related gene (ERG1) that encodes N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). To explore whether spatial learning memory deficits are relevant to SRS and whether hippocampal NSF expression is altered by SRS, we used the kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy animal model. SRS was monitored for 3 weeks after injection of a single convulsive dose of KA. KA-treated rats with SRS, KA-treated rats without SRS, and saline-treated rats were then measured in Morris water maze. In this spatial learning task, KA-treated rats with SRS performed poorer compared to those without SRS and those treated with saline. During the subsequent probe trials, KA-treated rats with SRS spent less swim path and time in the target quadrant but more swim path and time in the opposite quadrant, and showed fewer platform crossings. Moreover, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that both ERG1/NSF mRNA and NSF immunoreactive expression were down-regulated in the CA1 and dorsal dentate gyrus cells (dDGCs) of the hippocampus, and interestingly, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive dopamine (DA) neurons were lost in ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the KA rats with SRS. These data demonstrate that SRS impairs spatial learning memory and suggest that the down-regulation of NSF expression pattern in the hippocampus and the loss of DA neurons in VTA might contribute to the spatial learning memory deficits induced by SRS. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dalian Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Dalian 116027, Peoples R China. Dalian Univ Technol, Inst Neuroinformat, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tang, YY (reprint author), Dalian Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Dalian 116027, Peoples R China. EM shengmingyin@yahoo.com.cn; yy2100@163.net; wanqinzhang100@yahoo.com.cn NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 1053 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.06.054 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 959YM UT WOS:000231555500023 PM 16039622 ER PT J AU Su, CM Ludwig, RD AF Su, CM Ludwig, RD TI Treatment of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore processing solid waste using a mixed reductant solution of ferrous sulfate and sodium dithionite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITU REDOX MANIPULATION; ZERO-VALENT IRON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CR(VI) REDUCTION; CHROMATE REDUCTION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; REMEDIATION; KINETICS; ACID; WATER AB We investigated a method for delivering ferrous iron into the subsurface to enhance chemical reduction of Cr(VI) in chromite ore processing solid waste (COPSW) derived from the production of ferrochrome alloy. The COPSW is characterized by high pH (8.5-11.5) and high Cr(VI) concentrations in the solid phase (up to 550 mg kg(-1)) and dissolved phase (3-57 mg L-1). The dominant solid-phase minerals are forsterite (Mg2SiO4), brucite (Mg(OH)2), and hydrocalumite [Ca-4(Al, Fe)2(OH)(12)X center dot 6H(2)O), X = (OH)(2)(2-), SO42-, CrO42-]. The method utilizes FeSO4 in combination with Na2S2O4 to inhibit oxidation and precipitation of the ferrous iron, thereby preventing well and formation clogging. Laboratory batch tests using a 0.05 M FeSO4 + 0.05 M Na2S2O4 solution indicated effective treatment of both dissolved and solid-phase Cr(VI). Contrary to treatments with FeSO4 and FeCl2 alone, the combination resulted in both complete removal of Cr(VI) from solution and sustained Fe(II) concentrations in solution after a 24 h period. A field test involving injection of 5700 L of a 0.07 M FeSO4 + 0.07 M Na2S2O4 solution into a COPSW saturated zone (pH 11.5) indicated no well and formation clogging during injection. Examination of a core collected 0.46 m from the injection well following injection indicated effective treatment of the solid phase Cr(VI) based on analysis of water, phosphate solution, and high temperature alkaline extracts. The combined reductant solution also imparted a residual treatment capacity to the COPSW allowing for subsequent treatment of dissolved phase Cr(VI); however, dissemination of the iron in the highly alkaline environment appeared to be impeded by the inability to sufficiently lower the pH with distance from the injection well to avoid precipitation of Fe(OH)(2) and likely also FeCO3. Injection of a 0.2 M FeSO4 + 0.2 M Na2S2O4 solution into another COPSW saturated zone (pH 9) indicated much more effective dissemination of the injected iron. C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerrr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM su.chunming@epa.gov NR 56 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 16 BP 6208 EP 6216 DI 10.1021/es050185f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CR UT WOS:000231203100043 PM 16173583 ER PT J AU Ekman, DR Wolfe, NL Dean, JFD AF Ekman, DR Wolfe, NL Dean, JFD TI Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots exposed to the munition hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI DNAJ; CHRONIC TOXICITY; RDX; PLANT; EXPLOSIVES; FATE; TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TRANSCRIPTOME; METABOLISM AB Arabidopsis thaliana root transcriptome responses to the munition, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), were assessed using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Sequencing of SAGE libraries from control and RDX-exposed root tissues revealed induction of genes known to respond to a variety of general stresses. Among the highly induced genes were several encoding molecular chaperones and transcription factors as well as vacuolar proteins and peroxidases. Strongly repressed transcripts included ones encoding ribosomal proteins, a cyclophilin, a katanin, and a peroxidase. Comparison of the transcriptional profile for the RDX response to a profile previously described for Arabidopsis roots exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT) revealed significant differences in the inferred gene expression patterns. This suggests that Arabidopsis employs drastically different mechanisms for coping with these two compounds. With respect to the goal of engineering plants to better tolerate and degrade explosives at contaminated sites, these results suggest that enhancement of different genes and metabolic pathways may be required to deal effectively with each type of explosive. This has ramifications for phytoremediation efforts since many contaminated sites harbor both compounds. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Dean, JFD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jeffdean@uga.edu RI Dean, Jeffrey/G-2184-2010 OI Dean, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1208-1023 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 16 BP 6313 EP 6320 DI 10.1021/es050358r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CR UT WOS:000231203100058 PM 16173598 ER PT J AU Bastianoni, SB Campbell, D Susani, L Tiezzi, E AF Bastianoni, SB Campbell, D Susani, L Tiezzi, E TI The solar transformity of oil and petroleum natural gas SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE solar transformity; emergy; oil and natural gas ID ENERGY ANALYSIS AB This paper presents an emergy evaluation of the biogeochemical process of petroleum formation. Unlike the previous calculation, in which the transformity of crude oil was back calculated from the relative efficiency of electricity production and factors relating coal to transportation fuels and transportation fuels to crude oil, we analyzed the geochemical process of petroleum formation (naftogenesis) to determine the transformities of oil and natural gas. We assumed that the process of oil and gas production is a steady state process in which all the emergy required is captured in the initial input. For such a system, we can use the mass concentration of the initial input to determine the specific emergy and transformity of the products. We used the maximum photosynthetic yield in Joules of phytoplankton organic matter per Joule of sunlight as the starting point. From this initial assumption, we traced the energy transformations in the oil and gas formation process through photosynthesis, death and decay of the phytoplankton, and diagenesis to kerogen production and from kerogen through catagenesis to petroleum formation. Our results show that both methods converge to similar values for oil (similar to 54,200 solar emJoules per Joule (sej/J)) and petroleum natural gas (43,500 sej/J) increasing our confidence in the results of past emergy analyses and providing a firm basis for the calculation of transformities for oil and gas derivatives. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Siena, Dept Chem & Biosyst Sci, Siena, Italy. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Bastianoni, SB (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Chem & Biosyst Sci, Via A Moro 2, Siena, Italy. EM bastianoni@unisi.it RI Bastianoni, Simone/K-6721-2015 OI Bastianoni, Simone/0000-0002-6470-7377 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 186 IS 2 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.015 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947IJ UT WOS:000230636400005 ER PT J AU Jarman, JL Jones, WJ Howell, LA Garrison, AW AF Jarman, JL Jones, WJ Howell, LA Garrison, AW TI Application of capillary electrophoresis to study the enantioselective transformation of five chiral pesticides in aerobic soil slurries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; micellar electrokinetic chromatography; pesticides; chiral; enantiomers; enantioselective transformation ID DEGRADATION; POLLUTANTS; SEPARATIONS; ENANTIOMERS; HERBICIDES; METALAXYL; ACID AB The enantiomers of five chiral pesticides of environmental interest, metalaxyl, imazaquin, fonofos (dyfonate), ruelene (cruformate), and dichlorprop, were separated analytically using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with cyclodextrin chiral selectors. For metalaxyl, imazaquin, and fonofos, aqueous slurries of soil samples from two sites in Georgia and one in Ohio were spiked with the racemate of each pesticide at 50-60 mg/L of aqueous phase of the slurry, and CE analyses were performed at various time intervals to determine enantiomer fractions (EF). Metalaxyl underwent enantioselective transformation; in one soil, the half-life of the target active R-(+)-enantiomer was 17 days while that for the S-(-)-enantiomer was 69 days. Transformation occurred more slowly in the other two soils but was still selective for the R-(+)-enantiomer. Imazaquin and fonofos exhibited nonselective enantiomer loss over their 3 months of incubation time; this could have been due to abiotic or nonselective microbial reactions. Ruelene and dichlorprop were transformed selectively in a variety of soils in a previously reported study (7) that showed the influence of environmental changes on the transformation of chiral pollutants in soils; analytical methods used in that study are reported here to further illustrate the application of CE. CE is shown to be a simple, efficient, and inexpensive way to follow the transformation of chiral pesticides in laboratory microcosms where concentrations can be made high enough (25-50 mg/L initial racemate concentration) for detection of residual parent enantiomers during most of the process. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Garrison, AW (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM garrison.wayne@epa.gov NR 20 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 16 BP 6175 EP 6182 DI 10.1021/jf040315o PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 953AF UT WOS:000231047100001 PM 16076090 ER PT J AU Fowler, BA Socha, M Sonawane, B AF Fowler, BA Socha, M Sonawane, B TI International conference on biomarkers for toxicology and molecular epidemiology, March 15-17, 2004, Atlanta, GA SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fowler, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxf9@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 2 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.014 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 945UP UT WOS:000230528000002 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Mendola, P AF Lobdell, DT Mendola, P TI Development of a biomarkers database for the National Children's Study SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biomarkers for Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology CY MAR 15, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA DE biomarkers; children; environmental health; database AB The National Children's Study (NCS) is a federally-sponsored, longitudinal study of environmental influences on the health and development of children across the United States (www.nationalchildrensstudy.gov). Current plans are to study approximately 100,000 children and their families beginning before birth up to age 21 years. To explore potential biomarkers that could be important measurements in the NCS, we compiled the relevant scientific literature to identify both routine or standardized biological markers as well as new and emerging biological markers. Although the search criteria encouraged examination of factors that influence the breadth of child health and development, attention was primarily focused on exposure, susceptibility, and outcome biomarkers associated with four important child health outcomes: autism and neurobehavioral disorders, injury, cancer, and asthma. The Biomarkers Database was designed to allow users to: (1) search the biomarker records compiled by type of marker (susceptibility, exposure or effect), sampling media (e.g., blood, urine, etc.), and specific marker name; (2) search the citations file; and (3) read the abstract evaluations relative to our search criteria. A searchable, user-friendly database of over 2000 articles was created and is publicly available at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=85844. PubMed was the primary source of references with some additional searches of Toxline, NTIS, and other reference databases. Our initial focus was on review articles, beginning as early as 1996, supplemented with searches of the recent primary research literature from 2001 to 2003. We anticipate this database will have applicability for the NCS as well as other studies of children's environmental health. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div,Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mendola, P (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div,Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mendola.pauline@epa.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.07.016 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 945UP UT WOS:000230528000023 PM 15967218 ER PT J AU Holub, SM Lajtha, K Spears, JDH Toth, JA Crow, SE Caldwell, BA Papp, M Nagy, MT AF Holub, SM Lajtha, K Spears, JDH Toth, JA Crow, SE Caldwell, BA Papp, M Nagy, MT TI Organic matter manipulations have little effect on gross and net nitrogen transformations in two temperate forest mineral soils in the USA and central Europe SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE N-15; carbon; gross nitrogen mineralization; litter addition; litter removal; DIRT ID OLD-GROWTH FOREST; WESTERN OREGON; N STATUS; CARBON; NITRIFICATION; PLANTATION; DEPOSITION; ADDITIONS; INPUT; SITES AB Soil nitrogen transformations are intricately linked to carbon transformations. We utilized two existing organic matter manipulation sites in western Oregon, USA and Hungary to investigate these linkages. Our questions were: (1) what effect does the quantity and quality of organic matter have on net and gross N processing in mineral soil? and (2) do these effects vary across sites with very different climate, soils, vegetation, and N deposition status? The organic matter manipulations had small if any effects on gross and net N cycling rates. Gross N cycling rates under low N deposition increased with increasing soil C and N, but C:N ratio had no correlation with gross N cycling rates. Soil ammonium concentrations under high N deposition, however, were higher in the organic matter manipulation plots without roots and lower in plots with double litter, indicating a tree root effect and a litter immobilization effect, respectively, but did not differ significantly under low N deposition. Net ammonium production was lowest in the litter removal and root removal plots and highest in the litter addition plots at both sites. Gross and net N cycling rates and mineral nitrogen pool sizes were generally higher under higher N deposition and lower C:N ratio soil, which was consistent with past studies over gradients of N deposition. By looking at organic matter manipulations in two very different sites we gained some insight into the role that C:N ratio as well as total C and total N have in controlling N and C cycling in forest soils. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Debrecen, Dept Ecol, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Debrecen, Dept Bot, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrecen, Ctr Agr Sci, Dept Agr Chem, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Holub, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr,POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Holub.Scott@epa.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.016 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947ZJ UT WOS:000230685500025 ER PT J AU Davidson, CI Phalen, RF Solomon, PA AF Davidson, CI Phalen, RF Solomon, PA TI Airborne particulate matter and human health: A review SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITTSBURGH AIR-QUALITY; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DAILY MORTALITY; FINE PARTICLES; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; OUTDOOR; INDOOR AB Results of recent research show that particulate matter ( PM) composition and size vary widely with both space and time. Despite the variability in PM characteristics, which are believed to influence human health risks, the observed relative health risk estimates per unit PM mass falls within a narrow range of values. Furthermore, no single chemical species appears to dominate health effects; rather the effects appear to be due to a combination of species. Non-PM factors such as socioeconomic status and lifestyle are also believed to affect the health risk, although accounting for these confounding factors is challenging. Airborne PM is also responsible for a number of effects aside from human health, such as alterations in visibility and climate. Because the PM problem is associated with a range of societal issues such as energy production and economic development, making progress on reducing the effects of PM will require integrated strategies that bring together scientists and decision makers from different disciplines to consider tradeoffs holistically. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Davidson, CI (reprint author), 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cliff@cmu.edu NR 76 TC 249 Z9 261 U1 5 U2 109 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 8 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.1080/02786820500191348 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958UY UT WOS:000231474900006 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Langlois, PH Savitz, DA Loomis, D Herring, AH Fixler, DE AF Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Langlois, PH Savitz, DA Loomis, D Herring, AH Fixler, DE TI Relation between ambient air quality and selected birth defects, seven county study, Texas, 1997-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; air pollution; cleft lip; cleft palate; environment and public health; heart defects; congenital ID NEURAL CREST CELLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CONOTRUNCAL HEART-DEFECTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CHILDREN BORN; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; OUTDOOR CONCENTRATIONS AB A population-based case-control study investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollutants, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter < 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy and the risk of selected cardiac birth defects and oral clefts in livebirths and fetal deaths between 1997 and 2000 in seven Texas counties. Controls were frequency matched to cases on year of birth, vital status, and maternal county of residence at delivery. Stationary monitoring data were used to estimate air pollution exposure. Logistic regression models adjusted for covariates available in the vital record. When the highest quartile of exposure was compared with the lowest, the authors observed positive associations between carbon monoxide and tetralogy of Fallot (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 3.29), particulate matter < 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter and isolated atrial septal defects (odds ratio = 2.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.43, 3.60), and sulfur dioxide and isolated ventricular septal defects (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 3.09). There were inverse associations between carbon monoxide and isolated atrial septal defects and between ozone and isolated ventricular septal defects. Evidence that air pollution exposure influences the risk of oral clefts was limited. Suggestive results support a previously reported finding of an association between ozone exposure and pulmonary artery and valve defects. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mendola, P (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mendola.pauline@epa.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 71 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 3 BP 238 EP 252 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi189 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 948NZ UT WOS:000230724300006 PM 15987727 ER PT J AU Anseth, JW Goffin, AJ Fuller, GG Ghio, AJ Kao, PN Upadhyay, D AF Anseth, JW Goffin, AJ Fuller, GG Ghio, AJ Kao, PN Upadhyay, D TI Lung surfactant gelation induced by epithelial cells exposed to air pollution or oxidative stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar epithelium; interfacial rheology; residual oil fly ash; hydrogen peroxide ID OIL FLY-ASH; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; DNA-DAMAGE; PARTICULATE MATTER; SUPEROXIDE ANION; PROTEIN-C; IN-VIVO; INJURY; ACTIVATION; MITOCHONDRIA AB Lung surfactant lowers surface tension and adjusts interfacial rheology to facilitate breathing. A novel instrument, the interfacial stress rheometer (ISR), uses an oscillating magnetic needle to measure the shear viscosity and elasticity of a surfactant monolayer at the air-water interface. The ISR reveals that calf lung surfactant, Infasurf, exhibits remarkable fluidity, even when exposed to air pollution residual oil fly ash (ROFA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or conditioned media from resting A549 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). However, when Infasurf is exposed to a subphase of the soluble fraction of ROFA- or H2O2-treated AEC conditioned media, there is a prominent increase in surfactant elasticity and viscosity, representing two-dimensional gelation. Surfactant gelation is decreased when ROFA-AEC are pretreated with inhibitors of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), or with a mitochondrial anion channel inhibitor, as well as when A549-p0 cells that lack mitochondrial DNA and functional electron transport are investigated. These results implicate both mitochondrial and nommitochondrial ROS generation in ROFA-AEC-induced surfactant gelation. A549 cells treated with H2O2 demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in lung surfactant gelation. The ISR is a unique and sensitive instrument to characterize surfactant gelation induced by oxidatively stressed AEC. C1 Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kao, PN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM peterkao@stanford.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL010487, R01-HL62588] NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0365OC PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 950NT UT WOS:000230864800007 PM 15860796 ER PT J AU Winnik, WM AF Winnik, WM TI Continuous pH/salt gradient and peptide score for strong cation exchange chromatography in 2D-nano-LC/MS/MS peptide identification for proteomics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; COMPLEXES; HPLC AB Tryptic digests of human serum albumin and human lung epithelial cell lysates were used as test samples in a novel proteomics study. Peptides were separated and analyzed using 2D-nano-LC/MS/MS with strong cation exchange (SCX) and reversed-phase chromatography and continuous gradient elution. The peptide elution conditions combined simultaneous pH gradient with ammonium acetate salt gradient elution modes. A novel empirical SCX peptide elution score was developed, which accounts for both the number of basic and acidic residues and, in part, their location within a sequence of a peptide. Average scores calculated for the fractionated peptide sequences correlated well with the pH of SCX elution fractions. Multiple peptides with identical amino acid sequences, but differing in cysteine tags possessing different positive charge and different SCX elution properties, were obtained by subjecting the samples to reduction and alkylation with different cysteine alkylating reagents: iodoacetamide, 4-vinylpyridine, and (3-actylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride. The structurally similar peptides were used as elution standards. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Winnik, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM winnik.witold@epa.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 15 BP 4991 EP 4998 DI 10.1021/ac0503714 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 951HQ UT WOS:000230920600048 PM 16053314 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Wrenn, BA Venosa, AD AF Li, ZK Wrenn, BA Venosa, AD TI Anaerobic biodegradation of vegetable oil and its metabolic intermediates in oil-enriched freshwater sediments SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE anaerobic biodegradation; fatty acid inhibition; iron reducers; vegetable oil ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; REDUCTION; INHIBITION; DIGESTION; DEGRADATION; TOXICITY; HYDROGEN; PETROLEUM; GLYCEROL AB Anaerobic biodegradation of vegetable oil in freshwater sediments is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of oil, but the presence of ferric hydroxide relieves the inhibition. The effect of ferric hydroxide is not due to physical or chemical interactions with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) that are produced as intermediates during metabolism of vegetable-oil triglycerides. The anaerobic biodegradation of canola oil and mixtures of acetic and oleic acids, two important intermediates of vegetable-oil metabolism, were investigated using sediments enriched on canola oil under methanogenic and iron-reducing conditions to determine whether the effect of ferric hydroxide has a biological basis. Sediments enriched under both conditions rapidly and completely converted canola oil to methane when the initial oil concentration was relatively low (1.9 g oil/kg sediments), but the biotransformation was strongly inhibited in sediments enriched under methanogenic conditions when the initial concentration was 19 g/kg ( < 30% of the oil-derived electron equivalents were transferred to methane in a 420-day incubation period). Sediments enriched under iron-reducing conditions, however, completely transformed canola oil to methane in about 250 days at this initial oil concentration. The anaerobic biotransformation of mixtures of acetate and oleic acid followed a similar pattern: the rate and extent of conversion of these electron-donor substrates to methane was always higher in sediments enriched under iron-reducing than under methanogenic conditions. These results suggest that enrichment on canola oil in the presence of ferric hydroxide selects a microbial community that is less sensitive to inhibition by LCFAs than the community that develops during enrichment under methanogenic conditions. C1 Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wrenn, BA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, Campus Box 1180,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM bawrenn@seas.wustl.edu NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s10532-004-2057-6 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 919UW UT WOS:000228644100005 PM 15865339 ER PT J AU Golub, M Costa, L Crofton, K Frank, D Fried, P Gladen, B Henderson, R Liebelt, E Lusskin, S Marty, S Rowland, A Scialli, J Vore, M AF Golub, M Costa, L Crofton, K Frank, D Fried, P Gladen, B Henderson, R Liebelt, E Lusskin, S Marty, S Rowland, A Scialli, J Vore, M TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of methylphenidate SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED EVALUATION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM STIMULANTS; DL-THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; LA-TOURETTES SYNDROME; LATER SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; ORAL GAVAGE TOXICITY; GROWTH-HORMONE; FOLLOW-UP C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. RP Golub, M (reprint author), NIEHS EC32, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Vore, Mary/E-2177-2012; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 161 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 74 IS 4 BP 300 EP 381 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20049 PG 82 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 962SW UT WOS:000231753700002 PM 16127684 ER PT J AU Pattanayak, SK McCarl, BA Sommer, AJ Murray, BC Bondelid, T Gillig, D DeAngelo, B AF Pattanayak, SK McCarl, BA Sommer, AJ Murray, BC Bondelid, T Gillig, D DeAngelo, B TI Water quality co-effects of greenhouse gas mitigation in US agriculture SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; LAND-USE; SEQUESTERING CARBON; FORESTS; AFFORESTATION; NITROGEN; POLICIES; IMPACTS; COSTS AB This study develops first-order estimates of water quality co-effects of terrestrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emission offset strategies in U.S. agriculture by linking a national level agricultural sector model (ASMGHG) to a national level water quality model (NWPCAM). The simulated policy scenario considers GHG mitigation incentive payments of $25 and $50 per tonne, carbon equivalent to landowners for reducing emissions or enhancing the sequestration of GHG through agricultural and land-use practices. ASMGHG projects that these GHG price incentives could induce widespread conversion of agricultural to forested lands, along with alteration of tillage practices, crop mix on land remaining in agriculture, and livestock management. This study focuses on changes in cropland use and management. The results indicate that through agricultural cropland about 60 to 70 million tonnes of carbon equivalent (MMTCE) emissions can be mitigated annually in the U.S. These responses also lead to a 2% increase in aggregate national water quality, with substantial variation across regions. Such GHG mitigation activities are found to reduce annual nitrogen loadings into the Gulf of Mexico by up to one half of the reduction goals established by the national Watershed Nutrient Task Force for addressing the hypoxia problem. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pattanayak, SK (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM subrendu@rti.org; sommer@rti.org RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 341 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-5925-0 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964LC UT WOS:000231881600005 ER PT J AU Shadbegian, RJ Gray, WB AF Shadbegian, RJ Gray, WB TI Pollution abatement expenditures and plant-level productivity: A production function approach SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE environmental regulation; pollution abatement costs; productivity; technology ID ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATIONS; INDUSTRY; IMPACT; COST AB This paper investigates the impact of pollution abatement expenditures on productivity, using plant-level data from the Census Bureau for 68 pulp and paper mills, 55 oil refineries, and 27 steel mills for the 1979-1990 period. We estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function to measure the contribution of capital, labor, and materials inputs to output. Our data on pollution abatement expenditures allows us to distinguish between productive and abatement expenditures for each input. We find that abatement expenditures contribute little or nothing to production, although they do not have significant negative effects on the productivity of non-abatement inputs. We also examine within-industry heterogeneity, estimating separate impacts for subgroups of plants, based on their production technology and their types of pollution abatement investment, but find little evidence for significant differences across these groups. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NBER, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Shadbegian, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM shadbegian.ron@epa.gov NR 32 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2-3 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.12.029 PG 13 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 956ZW UT WOS:000231339900005 ER PT J AU Trenham, PC Diamond, SA AF Trenham, PC Diamond, SA TI Coordinated studies of ultraviolet radiation and amphibians in lentic wetland habitats SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UV-B RADIATION; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; LEOPARD FROG; POPULATION DECLINES; CAUSES MORTALITY; BOREAL TOADS; HYLA-REGILLA; AMBIENT; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA, Off Res Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. USGS Biol Resources Discipline, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0029-z PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900001 ER PT J AU Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Stark, SL Bradford, D Corn, PS Czarnowski, K Brooks, PD Fagre, D Breen, B Detenbeck, NE Tonnessen, K AF Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Stark, SL Bradford, D Corn, PS Czarnowski, K Brooks, PD Fagre, D Breen, B Detenbeck, NE Tonnessen, K TI Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; DOC; UV-B; amphibians; national parks ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; UV-B RADIATION; POPULATION DECLINES; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; CAUSES MORTALITY; NATURAL-WATERS; RANA-PIPIENS; SOLAR; LAKES; ATTENUATION AB Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320-nm wavelengths) doses were estimated for 1024 wetlands in six national parks: Acadia (Acadia), Glacier (Glacier), Great Smoky Mountains (Smoky), Olympic (Olympic), Rocky Mountain (Rocky), and Sequoia/Kings Canyon (Sequoia). Estimates were made using ground-based UV-B data (Brewer spectrophotometers), solar radiation models, GIS tools, field characterization of vegetative features, and quantification of DOC concentration and spectral absorbance. UV-B dose estimates were made for the summer solstice, at a depth of 1 cm in each wetland. The mean dose across all wetlands and parks was 19.3 W-h m(-2) (range of 3.4-32.1 W-h m(-2)). The mean dose was lowest in Acadia (13.7 W-h m(-2)) and highest in Rocky (24.4 W-h m(-2)). Doses were significantly different among all parks. These wetland doses correspond to UV-B flux of 125.0 mu W cm(-2) (range 21.4-194.7 mu W cm(-2)) based on a day length, averaged among all parks, of 15.5 h. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a key determinant of water-column UV-B flux, ranged from 0.6 (analytical detection limit) to 36.7 mg C L-1 over all wetlands and parks, and reduced potential maximal UV-B doses at 1-cm depth by 1%-87%. DOC concentration, as well as its effect on dose, was lowest in Sequoia and highest in Acadia (DOC was equivalent in Acadia, Glacier, and Rocky). Landscape reduction of potential maximal UV-B doses ranged from zero to 77% and was lowest in Sequoia. These regional differences in UV-B wetland dose illustrate the importance of considering all aspects of exposure in evaluating the potential impact of UV-B on aquatic organisms. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Hangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposo Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Este Park, CO 80517 USA. Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Sources, Tucson, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Acadia Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Natl Pk Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, CESU, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 462 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-00306 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900002 ER PT J AU Brooks, PD O'Reilly, CM Diamond, SA Campbell, DH Knapp, R Bradford, D Corn, PS Hossack, B Tonnessen, K AF Brooks, PD O'Reilly, CM Diamond, SA Campbell, DH Knapp, R Bradford, D Corn, PS Hossack, B Tonnessen, K TI Spatial and temporal variability in the amount and source of dissolved organic carbon: Implications for ultraviolet exposure in amphibian habitats SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon; ultraviolet radiation; ultraviolet-B; amphibians; national parks ID SOLAR UV-RADIATION; B RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; POPULATION DECLINES; BOREAL LAKES; MATTER; ATTENUATION; CATCHMENTS; EMBRYOS; WATER AB The amount, chemical composition, and source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), together with in situ ultraviolet (UV-B) attenuation, were measured at 1-2 week intervals throughout the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado). Eight additional sites, four in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park/John Muir Wilderness (California) and four in Glacier National Park (Montana), were sampled during the summer of 2000. Attenuation of UV-B was significantly related to DOC concentrations over the three years in Rocky Mountain (R-2 = 0.39, F = 25.71, P < 0.0001) and across all parks in 2000 (R-2 = 0.44, F = 38.25, P < 0.0001). The relatively low R-2 values, however, reflect significant temporal and spatial variability in the specific attenuation per unit DOC. Fluorescence analysis of the fulvic acid DOC fraction (roughly 600-2,000 Daltons) indicated that the source of DOC significantly affected the attenuation of UV-B. Sites in Sequoia-Kings Canyon were characterized by DOC derived primarily from algal sources and showed much deeper UV-B penetration, whereas sites in Glacier and Rocky Mountain contained a mix of algal and terrestrial DOC-dominated sites, with more terrestrially dominated sites characterized by greater UV-B attenuation per unit DOC. In general, site characteristics that promoted the accumulation of terrestrially derived DOC showed greater attenuation of UV-B per unit DOC; however, catchment vegetation and soil characteristics, precipitation, and local hydrology interacted to make it difficult to predict potential exposure from DOC concentrations. C1 Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif, HCR, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Brooks, PD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM brooks@hwr.arizona.edu RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 478 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0031-5 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900003 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Corn, PS Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Fagre, DB AF Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Corn, PS Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Fagre, DB TI Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; ultraviolet-B radiation; global change; mountain ponds; national parks ID UV-B RADIATION; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; HYLA-REGILLA; POPULATION DECLINES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; BOREAL TOADS; LEGGED FROG; CALIFORNIA; EMBRYOS AB An increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been posited to be a potential factor in the decline of some amphibian population. This hypothesis has received support from laboratory and field experiments showing that current levels of UV-B can cause embryo mortality in some species, but little research has addressed whether UV-B is influencing the distribution of amphibian populations. We compared patterns of amphibian presence to site-specific estimates of UV-B dose at 683 ponds and lakes in Glacier, Olympic, and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks. All three parks are located in western North America, a region with a concentration of documented amphibian declines. Site-specific daily UV-B dose was estimated using modeled and field-collected data to incorporate the effects of elevation, landscape, and water-column dissolved organic carbon. Of the eight species we examined (Ambystoma gracile, Ambystoma macro-dactylum, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, Rana leuteiventris, Rana muscosa, Taricha granulosa), two species (T. granulosa and A. macrodactylum) had quadratic relationships with UV-B that could have resulted from negative UV-B effects. Both species were most likely to occur at moderate UV-B levels. Ambystoma macrodactylum showed this pattern only in Glacier National Park. Occurrence of A. macrodactylum increased as UV-B increased in Olympic National Park despite UV-B levels similar to those recorded in Glacier. We also found marginal support for a negative association with UV-B for P. regilla in one of the two parks where it occurred. We did not find evidence of a negative UV-B effect for any other species. Much more work is still needed to determine whether UV-B, either alone or in concert with other factors, is causing widespread population losses in amphibians. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Calif, HCR, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael_Adams@usgs.gov RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745 NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 488 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900004 ER PT J AU Cairns, MA Lajtha, K AF Cairns, MA Lajtha, K TI Effects of succession on nitrogen export in the west-central Cascades, Oregon SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE Cascades; nitrate; dissolved organic nitrogen; dissolved organic carbon; logging; watersheds; forest succession; nitrogen export ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; C-N RATIO; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DOUGLAS-FIR; COAST RANGE; STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL THEORY; HEADWATER STREAMS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB This study examined impacts of succession on N export from 20 headwater stream systems in the west central Cascades of Oregon, a region of low anthropogenic N inputs. The seasonal and successional patterns of nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations drove differences in total dissolved N concentrations because ammonium (NH4-N) concentrations were very low (usually < 0.005 mg L-1) and mean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations were less variable than nitrate concentrations. In contrast to studies suggesting that DON levels strongly dominate in pristine watersheds, DON accounted for 24, 52, and 51% of the overall mean TDN concentration of our young (defined as predominantly in stand initiation and stem exclusion phases), middle-aged (defined as mixes of mostly understory reinitiation and older phases) and old-growth watersheds, respectively. Although other studies of cutting in unpolluted forests have suggested a harvest effect lasting 5 years or less, our young successional watersheds that were all older than 10 years still lost significantly more N, primarily as NO3-N, than did watersheds containing more mature forests, even though all forest floor and mineral soil C:N ratios were well above levels reported in the literature for leaching of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The influence of alder may contribute to these patterns, although hardwood cover was quite low in all watersheds; it is possible that in forested ecosystems with very low anthropogenic N inputs, even very low alder cover in riparian zones can cause elevated N exports. Only the youngest watersheds, with the highest nitrate losses, exhibited seasonal patterns of increased summer uptake by vegetation as well as flushing at the onset of fall freshets. Older watersheds with lower N losses did not exhibit seasonal patterns for any N species. The results, taken together, suggest a role for both vegetation and hydrology in N retention and loss, and add to our understanding of N cycling by successional forest ecosystems influenced by disturbance at various spatial and temporal scales in a region of relatively low anthropogenic N input. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cairns, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Cairns.Michael@epa.gov NR 92 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 583 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0165-5 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900011 ER PT J AU McWhinney, M Fanara, A Clark, R Hershberg, C Schmeltz, R Roberson, J AF McWhinney, M Fanara, A Clark, R Hershberg, C Schmeltz, R Roberson, J TI ENERGY STAR product specification development framework: using data and analysis to make program decisions SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE ENERGY STAR; voluntary program; energy policy AB The Product Development Team (PD) in the US Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR Labeling Program fuels the long-term market transformation process by delivering new specifications. PD's goal is to expand the reach and visibility of ENERGY STAR as well as the market for new energy-efficient products. As of 2002, PD has launched nine new ENERGY STAR specifications and continues to evaluate new program opportunities. To evaluate the ENERGY STAR potential for a diverse group of products, PD prepared a framework for developing new and updating existing specifications that rationalizes new product opportunities and draws upon the expertise and resources of other stakeholders. Manufacturers and stakeholders have a vested interest in understanding how ENERGY STAR products are selected for labeling. In this article, we explore in depth PD's process and also provide two case studies that illustrate the application of PD's framework. After 3 years of implementation. several lessons learned have emerged. Manufacturers are increasingly inquiring as to why a product is/is not labeled. Careful application of the framework allows PD to justify program decisions. PD increasingly recognizes that each industry has unique market and product characteristics that can require reconciliation with the guidelines of the ENERGY STAR program. Careful application of the framework identifies where reconciliation is needed to preserve the program integrity and justify decisions. Finally, to date, the application of the framework has enabled PD to navigate through complex product issues and make consistent specification development decisions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ICF Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP McWhinney, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS-90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcmcwhinney@lbl.gov; fanara.andrew@epa.gov; rclark@icfconsulting.com; hershberg.craig@epa.gov; shmeltz.rachel@epa.gov; jaroberson@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1625 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.02.001 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927BT UT WOS:000229168100009 ER PT J AU Li, ZW Carter, JD Dailey, LA Huang, YCT AF Li, ZW Carter, JD Dailey, LA Huang, YCT TI Pollutant particles produce vasoconstriction and enhance MAPK signaling via angiotensin type 1 receptor SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollutant; angiotensin II; angiotensin-converting enzyme; copper; ERK; p38; vanadium ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; RESISTANCE ARTERIES; IN-VITRO; PULMONARY; DISEASE; KINASE; RAT; SYSTEM AB Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with acute cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but the mechanisms are not entirely clear. In this study, we hypothesized that PM may activate the angiotensin type I receptor (AT(1)R), a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates inflammation and vascular function. We investigated the acute effects of St. Louis, Missouri, urban particles (UPS; Standard Reference Material 1648) on the constriction of isolated rat pulmonary artery rings and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with or without losartan, an antagonist of AT(1)R. UPS at 1-100 mu g/mL induced acute vasoconstriction in pulmonary artery. UPS also produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Losartan pretreatment inhibited both the vasoconstriction and the activation of ERK1/2 and p38. The water-soluble fraction of UPS was sufficient for inducing ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation,,which was also losartan inhibitable. Copper and vanadium, two soluble transition metals contained in UPS, induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, but only the phosphorylation of p38 was inhibited by losartan. The UP-induced activation of ERK1/2 and p38 was attenuated by captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that activation of the local renin-angiotensin system may play, an important role in cardiovascular effects induced by PM. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 40 TC 55 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1289/ehp.7736 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100038 PM 16079071 ER PT J AU Becker, S Dailey, LA Soukup, JM Grambow, SC Devlin, RB Huang, YCT AF Becker, S Dailey, LA Soukup, JM Grambow, SC Devlin, RB Huang, YCT TI Seasonal variations in air pollution particle-induced inflammatory mediator release and oxidative stress SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollutant; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; reactive oxygen species ID ASSESSING CHRONIC EXPOSURES; PARTICULATE METAL CONTENT; HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; AMBIENT FINE PARTICLES; DAILY MORTALITY; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; MEXICO-CITY; COARSE PARTICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) show seasonal variations. We hypothesized that these heterogeneous effects may be attributed partly to the differences in the elemental composition of PM. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and alveolar macrophages (AMs) were exposed to equal mass of coarse [PM with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5-10 mu m (PM2.5-10)], fine (PM2.5), and ultrafine (PM (< 0.1)) ambient PM from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, during October 2001 (fall) and January (winter), April (spring), and July (summer) 2002. Production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured. Coarse PM was more potent in inducing cytokines, but not ROSs, than was fine or ultrafine PM. In AMs, the October coarse PM was the most potent stimulator for IL-6 release, whereas the July PM consistently stimulated the highest ROS production measured by dichlorofluorescein acetate and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR). In NHBE cells, the January and the October PM were consistently the strongest stimulators for IL-8 and ROS, respectively. The July PM increased only ROS measured by DHR. PM had minimal effects on chemiluminescence. Principal-component analysis on elemental constituents of PM of all size fractions identified two factors, Cr/Al/Si/Ti/Fe/Cu and Zn/AsN/Ni/Pb/Se, with only the first factor correlating with IL-6/IL-8 release. Among the elements in the first factor, Fe and Si correlated with IL-6 release, whereas Cr correlated with IL-8 release. These positive correlations were confirmed in additional experiments with PM from all 12 months. These results indicate that elemental constituents of PM may in part account for the seasonal variations in PM-induced adverse health effects related to lung inflammation. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Vet Affairs Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov RI Grambow, Steven/E-1422-2015 OI Grambow, Steven/0000-0001-6037-3253 NR 51 TC 161 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1032 EP 1038 DI 10.1289/ehp.7996 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100042 PM 16079075 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Ozkaynak, H Whyatt, RM Barr, DB Wang, RY Naeher, L Akland, G Bahadori, T Bradman, A Fortmann, R Liu, LJS Morandi, M O'Rourke, MK Thomas, K Quackenboss, J Ryan, PB Zartarian, V AF Needham, LL Ozkaynak, H Whyatt, RM Barr, DB Wang, RY Naeher, L Akland, G Bahadori, T Bradman, A Fortmann, R Liu, LJS Morandi, M O'Rourke, MK Thomas, K Quackenboss, J Ryan, PB Zartarian, V TI Exposure assessment in the National Children's Study: Introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; environmental monitoring questionnaire; exposure assessment; limit of detection; National Children's Study ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; MODEL; MILK AB The science of exposure assessment is relatively new and evolving rapidly with the advancement of sophisticated methods for specific measurements at the picogram per gram level or lower in a variety of environmental and biologic matrices. Without this measurement capability, environmental health studies rely on questionnaires or other indirect means as the primary method to assess individual exposures. Although we use indirect methods, they are seldom used as stand-alone tools. Analyses of environmental and biologic samples have allowed us to get more precise data on exposure pathways, from sources to concentrations, to routes, to exposure, to doses. They also often allow a better estimation of the absorbed dose and its relation to potential adverse health outcomes in individuals and in populations. Here, we make note of various environmental agents and how best to assess exposure to them in the National Children's Study a longitudinal epidemiologic study of children's health. Criteria for the analytical method of choice are discussed with particular emphasis on the need for long-term quality control and quality assurance measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 42 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1289/ehp.7613 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100049 PM 16079082 ER PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Whyatt, RM Needham, LL Akland, G Quackenboss, J AF Ozkaynak, H Whyatt, RM Needham, LL Akland, G Quackenboss, J TI Exposure assessment implications for the design and implementation of the National Children's Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; environmental; epidemiologic study design; exposure assessment; measurement; National Children's Study; questionnaires ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; EMERGENCY-ROOM VISITS; LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ASTHMA; RISK; CHLORPYRIFOS; ALLERGEN AB Examining the influence of environmental exposures on various health indices is a critical component of the planned National Children's Study (NCS). An ideal strategy for the exposure monitoring component of the NCS is to measure indoor and outdoor concentrations and personal exposures of children to a variety of pollutants, including ambient particulate and gaseous pollutants, biologic agents, persistent organics, nonpersistent organics (e.g., pesticides), inorganic chemicals (e.g., metals), and others. However, because of the large sample size of the study (similar to 100,000 children), it is not feasible to assess every possible exposure of each child. We envision that cost-effective strategies for gathering the necessary exposure-related information with minimum burden to participants, such as broad administration of product-use questionnaires and diaries, would likely be considered in designing the exposure component of the NCS. In general a biologic (e.g., blood, urine, hair, saliva) measure could be the dosimeter of choice for many of the persistent and for some of the nonpersistent organic pollutants. Biologic specimens, such as blood, can also indicate long-term internal dose to various metals, including lead and mercury. Environmental measures, on the other hand, provide pathway/source-specific exposure estimates to many of the environmental agents, including those where biologic measurements are not currently feasible (e.g., for particulate matter and for some gaseous criteria pollutants). However, these may be burdensome and costly to either collect or analyze and may not actually indicate the absorbed dose. Thus, an important technical and logistical challenge for the NCS is to develop an appropriate study design with adequate statistical power that will permit detection of exposure-related health effects, based on an optimum set of exposure measurement methods. We anticipate that low-cost, low-burden methods such as questionnaires and screening type assessments of environmental and biologic samples could be employed, when exposures at different critical life stages of vulnerability can be reliably estimated by these simpler methods. However, when reliability and statistical power considerations dictate the need for collecting more specific exposure information, more extensive environmental, biologic, and personal exposure measurements should be obtained from various "validation" subsets of the NCS population that include children who are in different life stages. This strategy of differential exposure measurement design may allow the exposure-response relationships to be tested on the whole cohort by incorporating the information on the relationship between different types of exposure measures (i.e., ranging from simple to more complex) derived from the detailed validation subsamples. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Ctr Res Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E205-01,USEPA Mailroom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.1289/ehp.7616 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100053 PM 16079086 ER PT J AU Nietch, CT Borst, M Schubauer-Berigan, JP AF Nietch, CT Borst, M Schubauer-Berigan, JP TI Risk management of sediment stress: A framework for sediment risk management research SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE sediment stress; risk management; best management practices; models; water quality protection; sediment transport; erosion ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; RECURRENCE INTERVAL; RUNOFF DETENTION; TRANSPORT RATES; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL-EROSION; MODEL; WETLAND; RIVER AB Research related to the ecological risk management of sediment stress in watersheds is placed under a common conceptual framework in order to help promote the timely advance of decision support methods for aquatic resource managers and watershed-level planning. The proposed risk management research program relies heavily on model development and verification, and should be applied under an adaptive management approach. The framework is centered on using best management practices (BMPs), including eco-restoration. It is designed to encourage the development of numerical representations of the performance of these management options, the integration of this information into sediment transport simulation models that account for uncertainty in both input and output, and would use strategic environmental monitoring to guide sediment-related risk management decisions for mixed land use watersheds. The goal of this project was to provide a sound scientific framework based on recent state of the practice in sediment-related risk assessment and management for research and regulatory activities, As a result, shortcomings in the extant data and measurement and modeling tools were identified that can help determine future research direction. The compilation of information is beneficial to the coordination of related work being conducted within and across entities responsible for managing watershed-scale risks to aquatic ecosystems. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div,Water Qual Manag, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div,Urban Watershed, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div,Aquat Stressor, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Nietch, CT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div,Water Qual Manag, 26W MLK, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM nietch.christopher@epa.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph/B-3260-2009 NR 152 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 175 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0005-1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956KL UT WOS:000231298500001 PM 16027999 ER PT J AU Babendreier, JE Castleton, KJ AF Babendreier, JE Castleton, KJ TI Investigating uncertainty and sensitivity in integrated, multimedia environmental models: tools for FRAMES-3MRA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society (iEMSs) CY JUL, 2002 CL Univ Lugano, Lugano, SWITZERLAND SP Int Environm Modelling & Software Soc HO Univ Lugano DE multimedia model; parallel computing; PC-based supercomputing; uncertainty analysis; sensitivity analysis; benzene disposal; Java ID FRAMEWORK; SYSTEM AB Elucidating uncertainty and sensitivity structures in environmental models can be a difficult task, even for low-order, single-medium constructs driven by a unique set of site-specific data. Quantitative assessment of integrated, multimedia models that simulate hundreds of sites, spanning multiple geographical and ecological regions, will ultimately require a comparative approach using several techniques, coupled with sufficient computational power. The Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems - Multimedia, Multipathway, and Multireceptor Risk Assessment (FRAMES-3MRA) is an important software model being developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use in risk assessment of hazardous waste management facilities. The 3MRA modeling system includes a set of 17 science modules that collectively simulate release, fate and transport, exposure, and risk associated with hazardous contaminants disposed of in land-based waste management units (WMU). The 3MRA model encompasses 966 multi-dimensional input variables, over 185 of which are explicitly stochastic. Design of SuperMUSE, a 215 GHz PC-based, Windows-based Supercomputer for Model Uncertainty and Sensitivity Evaluation is described. Developed for 3MRA and extendable to other computer models, an accompanying platform-independent, Java-based parallel processing software toolset is also discussed. For 3MRA, comparison of stand-alone PC versus SuperMUSE simulation executions showed a parallel computing overhead of only 0.57 seconds/simulation, a relative cost increase of 0.7% over average model runtime. Parallel computing software tools represent a critical aspect of exploiting the capabilities of such modeling systems. The Java toolset developed here readily handled machine and job management tasks over the Windows cluster, and is currently capable of completing over 3 million 3MRA model simulations per month on SuperMUSE. Preliminary work is reported for an example uncertainty analysis of Benzene disposal that describes the relative importance of various exposure pathways in driving risk levels for ecological receptors and human health. Incorporating landfills, waste piles, aerated tanks, surface impoundments, and land application units, the site-based data used in the analysis included 201 facilities across the United States representing 419 site-WMU combinations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Energy, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Babendreier, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM babendreier.justin@epa.gov NR 14 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1043 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.09.013 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911CD UT WOS:000227978000007 ER PT J AU Mehaffey, MH Nash, MS Wade, TG Ebert, DW Jones, KB Rager, A AF Mehaffey, MH Nash, MS Wade, TG Ebert, DW Jones, KB Rager, A TI Linking land cover and water quality in New York City's water supply watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE land use planning; landscapes; satellite imagery; watersheds; water quality AB The Catskill/Delaware reservoirs supply 90% of New York City's drinking water. The City has implemented a series of watershed protection measures, including land acquisition, aimed at preserving water quality in the Catskill/Delaware watersheds. The objective of this study was to examine how relationships between landscape and surface water measurements change between years. Thirty-two drainage areas delineated from surface water sample points (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations) were used in step-wise regression analyses to test landscape and surface-water quality relationships. Two measurements of land use, percent agriculture and percent urban development, were positively related to water quality and consistently present in all regression models. Together these two land uses explained 25 to 75% of the regression model variation. However, the contribution of agriculture to water quality condition showed a decreasing trend with time as overall agricultural land cover decreased. Results from this study demonstrate that relationships between land cover and surface water concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria counts over a large area can be evaluated using a relatively simple geographic information system method. Land managers may find this method useful for targeting resources in relation to a particular water quality concern, focusing best management efforts, and maximizing benefits to water quality with minimal costs. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Locheed Martin Environm Serv, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Mehaffey, MH (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mehaffey.megan@epa.gov RI Mehaffey, Megan/A-7476-2009 NR 21 TC 55 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-2018-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 954NU UT WOS:000231162600003 PM 16418903 ER PT J AU Jackson, WA Martino, L Hirsh, S Wrobel, J Pardue, JH AF Jackson, WA Martino, L Hirsh, S Wrobel, J Pardue, JH TI Application of a dialysis sampler to monitor phytoremediation processes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE trichloroethene; poplar; rhizosphere; dialysis sampler; bioremediation; dialysis sampler ID FRACTURED-ROCK AQUIFER; IN-GROUND WATER; PORE-WATER; FIELD; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; EQUILIBRATION; DISCHARGE; SEDIMENTS AB A cylindrical dialysis sampler (1.2 m in length; 5 cm in diameter) was designed and constructed to sample small-scale phytoremediation processes in the root zone of poplar trees. The study site was a 183-tree plantation of hybrid poplars located at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, at the J-Field Area of Concern. The grove was planted in 1996 to intercept a chlorinated solvent plume containing 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA, trichloroethene (TCE) and daughter products. Two dialysis samplers were installed: one directly in the poplar grove (approximately 0.3 m from the trunk of a mature tree) and the other outside of the grove but in the plume. Data collected included concentrations of chlorinated VOCs, organic acids, chloroacetic acids, Cl-, and dissolved gases (ethane, ethene, CH4, CO2). At the control location, the VOC profile was dominated by cis- 1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE) and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-1,2-DCE) with concentrations ranging from 0.88-4.5 to 4.4-17.6 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations of VOCs were similar across the vertical profile. At the tree location, 1,1,2,2-TeCA and TCE were the dominant VOCs detected but as opposed to the control location were highly variable within the root zone, with the greatest variability associated with locations in the sampler where roots were observed. This highly variable profile at the tree location is indicative of VOC rhizosphere biodegradation and uptake near the active roots. This variability appears to be on the centimeter scale, emphasizing the importance of these high-resolution samplers for the study of rhizosphere influences. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Philadelphia, PA USA. USA Garrison, Directorate Safety Hlth & Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@coe.ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-5436-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 954NU UT WOS:000231162600010 PM 16418910 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Edney, EO AF Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Edney, EO TI Identification and quantification of aerosol polar oxygenated compounds bearing carboxylic or hydroxyl groups. 2. Organic tracer compounds from monoterpenes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; PM2.5; HYDROCARBONS; MORTALITY; CLIMATE; OH AB In this study, a comparison is made of polar organic compounds found in the field with those produced in secondary organic aerosol from laboratory irradiations of natural hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (NO,). The field samples comprised atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) collected at Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC, during the summer of 2003, and the laboratory samples originated from the photooxidation of the following monoterpenes: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and d-limonene. To determine the structural characteristics of the polar compounds, the filter samples were solvent extracted and derivatized using a technique based on single and multistep derivatizations. The resulting compound derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS in the methane-Cl and El modes. In addition to previously reported biogenic oxidation products (pinic acid, pinonic acid, norpinic acid, nopinone, and pinonaldehyde), seven multifunctional organic compounds were found in both field and laboratory samples. These compounds, which are proposed as possible atmospheric tracers for secondary organic aerosol from monoterpenes, were consistent with the following identifications: 3-isopropyl pentanedioic acid; 3-acetyl pentanedioic acid; 3-carboxy heptanedioic acid; 3-acetyl hexanedioic acid; 2-isopropyl-,2-dihydroxybutanol; 4-isopropyl-2,4-dihydroxyhexanol; and 3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclobutane carboxylic acid. Initial attempts have been made to quantify the concentrations of these tracer compounds on the basis of surrogate compound calibrations. The occurrence of these compounds in both laboratory and field measurements suggests that secondary organic aerosol originating from biogenic hydrocarbons are contributing to the regional aerosol burden in the southeastern United States. Several of these compounds also appear to contribute to the global aerosol burden in that they have also been identified in Europe and Brazil. C1 Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 NR 18 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5661 EP 5673 DI 10.1021/es048111b PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800032 PM 16124301 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP Cook, PM Lukasewycz, MT AF Burkhard, LP Cook, PM Lukasewycz, MT TI Comparison of biota-sediment accumulation factors across ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; YA-ER LAKE; TOKYO BAY; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; AREA; BIOTRANSFORMATION; MICHIGAN; JAPAN; CHINA AB Sets of biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for fish were compared across ecosystems for nonionic organic chemicals. The sets of BSAFs, when plotted against each other, in log-log space, formed linear relationships and demonstrated that the relative scaling or ranking of the individual BSAFs within a set are consistent, if not the same, across ecosystems. This behavior holds for chemicals that either are, or are not, metabolized by fish. These results demonstrate that sets of BSAF values can differ but with parallel shifts in magnitude between ecosystems (for example, all of the BSAFs in the set are uniformly larger in one ecosystem, while in another they all are uniformly smaller) in response to underlying differences in ecosystem conditions and parameters such as trophic level, diet of the organisms, and distribution of the chemical between the sediment and water column. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM burkhard.lawrence@epa.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5716 EP 5721 DI 10.1021/es050308w PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800038 PM 16124307 ER EF