FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hilal, SH Karickhoff, SW Carreira, LA AF Hilal, SH Karickhoff, SW Carreira, LA TI Prediction of the vapor pressure boiling point, heat of vaporization and diffusion coefficient of organic compounds SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE physical properties; dispersion; induction; H-bond; dipole-dipole; vapor pressure; heat of vaporization; boiling point; diffusion coefficient; SPARC; SAR AB The prototype computer program SPARC has been under development for several years to estimate physical properties and chemical reactivity parameters of organic compounds strictly from molecular structure. SPARC solute-solute physical process models have been developed and tested for vapor pressure (at any temperature), heat of vaporization (at 25C and the boiling point), diffusion coefficient (at 25C) and boiling point (at any pressure) for a relatively large number of organic molecules. The RMS deviation error of the predicted the vapor pressures, heats of vaporization (at any temperature) and boiling points (at any pressure) were close to the intralaboratory experimental errors. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hilal, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 31 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1002/qsar.200330812 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 712EU UT WOS:000184784900001 ER PT J AU Zamzow, DS Bajic, SJ Eckels, DE Baldwin, DP Winterrowd, C Keeney, R AF Zamzow, DS Bajic, SJ Eckels, DE Baldwin, DP Winterrowd, C Keeney, R TI Real-time atomic absorption mercury continuous emission monitor SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID AIR-ICP; METALS AB A continuous emission monitor (CEM) for mercury (Hg) in combustor flue gas streams has been designed and tested for the detection of Hg by optical absorption. A sampling system that allows continuous introduction of stack gas is incorporated into the CEM, for the sequential analysis of elemental and total Hg. A heated pyrolysis tube is used in the system to convert oxidized Hg compounds to elemental Hg for analysis of total Hg; the pyrolysis tube is bypassed to determine the elemental Hg concentration in the gas stream. A key component of the CEM is a laboratory-designed and -assembled echelle spectrometer that provides simultaneous detection of all of the emission lines from a Hg pen lamp, which is used as the light source for the optical absorption measurement. This feature allows for on-line spectroscopic correction for interferent gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, typically present in combustion stack gas streams, that also absorb at the Hg detection wavelength (253.65 nm). This article provides a detailed description of the CEM system, the characteristics and performance of the CEM, and the results of field tests performed at the Environmental Protection Agency-Rotary Kiln at Research Triangle Park, NC. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US EPA, ARCADIS, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Zamzow, DS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 8 BP 3774 EP 3783 DI 10.1063/1.1589158 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 704NW UT WOS:000184346600032 ER PT J AU Anscombe, FR AF Anscombe, FR TI Quiet contributor: The civic career and times of John W. Tukey SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item DE exploratory data analysis; fast Fourier transform; time series; boxplot; stem-and-leaf display; multiple comparisons; analysis of variance; one degree of freedom for nonadditivity; robust estimates; software; bit; American Philosophical Society; Bell Labs; Brown University; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences; Central Intelligence Agency; Health Effects Institute; Institute for Advanced Study; Institute for Defense Analyses; Merck; National Security Agency; Princeton University; RAND; Presidential Science Advisory Committee; System Development Foundation; Xerox PARC; census; educational testing; election returns; environmental protection; CFCs; Nike missile; pharmaceutical testing; SOSUS; U-2 spy plane; Edgar Anderson; F. J. Anscombe; William O. Baker; Hendrik Bode; Arthur Burks; W. E. Deming; Richard Feynman; R. A. Fisher; William F. Friedman; Richard Garwin; H. H. Goldstine; I. J. Good; David C. Hoaglin; James Killian; Alfred C. Kinsey; Solomon Kullback; Edwin Land; Richard Leibler; Brockway McMillan; Oskar Morgenstern; Frederick Mosteller; Daniel P. Moynihan; Walter Munk; M. H. A. Newman; John R. Pierce; Edward Purcell; Claude E. Shannon; Lyman Spitzer, Jr.; Alan Turing; Stanislaw Ulam; John von Neumann; John Archibald Wheeler; Norbert Wiener; Samuel S. Wilks; Charles P. Winsor AB Across 60 years, John W. Tukey contributed to the advancement of democracy, peace and industry via development, application and teaching of knowledge. In his nation's service, he contributed to the Nike missile defense, U-2 spy plane, surveillance satellites in space, hydrophones in the oceans, seismic data interpretation and communications code breaking. As computer and communication pioneer, Tukey collaborated with von Neumann, Shannon and Pierce; coined "bit" and "software"; applied statistical time series methods to processing signals; and recognized the usefulness of fast Fourier transform algorithms to digital processing of correlated data. Practical problems inspired Tukey to invent new ways to analyze data. As teacher and author, he made these available to others. Tukey advised government and industry regarding environmental quality, educational testing, the census, pharmaceutical efficacy, manufacturing quality and technologies for gathering intelligence. This paper explores the civic career, influences and philosophies of a practicing data analyst, inventor and remarkable public servant. C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Anscombe, FR (reprint author), US EPA, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM Anscombe.Frank@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI BEACHWOOD PA PO BOX 22718, BEACHWOOD, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 287 EP 310 DI 10.1214/ss/1076102417 PG 24 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 776PH UT WOS:000189124700003 ER PT J AU Daston, GP Cook, JC Kavlock, RJ AF Daston, GP Cook, JC Kavlock, RJ TI Uncertainties for endocrine disrupters: Our view on progress SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; HIGH-DOSE EXPOSURE; BISPHENOL-A; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IN-UTERO; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; ESTRADIOL BENZOATE AB The hypothesis that hormonally active compounds in the environment- endocrine disrupters-are having a significant impact on human and ecological health has captured the public's attention like no other toxicity concern since the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962). In the early 1990s, Theo Colborn and others began to synthesize information about the potential impacts of endocrine-mediated toxicity in the scientific literature (Colborn and Clement, 1992) and the popular press (Colborn et al., 1997). Recognizing the possibility of an emerging health threat, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) convened two international workshops in 1995 (Ankley et al., 1997; Kavlock et al., 1996) that identified research needs relative to future risk assessments for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These workshops identified effects on reproductive, neurological, and immunological function, as well as carcinogenesis as the major endpoints of concern and made a number of recommendations for research. Subsequently, the EPA developed a research strategy to begin addressing the recommendations (EPA, 1998a), and the federal government as a whole, working through the White House's Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources, increased funding levels and coordinated research programs to fill the major data gaps (Reiter et al., 1998). In parallel with these research efforts that were attempting to define the scope and nature of the endocrine disruptor hypothesis, the U.S. Congress added provisions to the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 to require the testing of food-use pesticides and drinking water contaminants, respectively, for estrogenicity and other hormonal activity. These bills were enacted into law, giving the EPA the mandate to implement them. The EPA, with the help of an external advisory committee, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC), determined that other hormonal activity should include androgens and compounds that affect thyroid function, and expanded the mandate to include all chemicals under EPA's jurisdiction, potentially including the 70,000 chemicals regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act (Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee [EDSTAC], 1998). EDSTAC recommended an extensive process of prioritization, screening, and testing of chemicals for endocrine-disrupting activity, including a screening battery that involves a combination of at least eight in vitro and in vivo assays spanning a number of taxa (EDSTAC, 1998). What started out as a hypothesis has become one of the biggest testing programs conceived in the history of toxicology and the only one that has ever been based on mechanism of action as its premise. As we pass the 10th anniversary of the emergence of the endocrine disruptor hypothesis, it is useful to look back on the progress that has been made in answering the nine questions posed as data gaps in the EPA's research strategy (EPA, 1998a)-not only to see what we have learned, but also to examine whether the questions are still appropriate for the goal, what gaps remain, and what directions should be emphasized in the future. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. RP Kavlock, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 66 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 53 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg015 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 705LU UT WOS:000184397200005 PM 12730617 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Rogers, JM Grey, BE Barbee, BD Richards, JH Butenhoff, JL Stevenson, LA Lau, C AF Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Rogers, JM Grey, BE Barbee, BD Richards, JH Butenhoff, JL Stevenson, LA Lau, C TI Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. I: Maternal and prenatal evaluations SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctane sulfonate; maternal; prenatal; toxicity; rodent ID PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY; DOSE-RESPONSE; HORMONE; LIVER; ACID; HYPOTHYROIDISM; HOMEOSTASIS; PLASMA AB The maternal and developmental toxicities of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8F17SO3-) were evaluated in the rat and mouse. PFOS is an environmentally persistent compound used as a surfactant and occurs as a degradation product of both perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride and substituted perfluorooctane sulfonamido components found in many commercial and consumer applications. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1, 2, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS daily by gavage from gestational day (GD) 2 to GD 20; CD-1 mice were similarly treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg PFOS from GD 1 to GD 17. Controls received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle (1 ml/kg for rats and 10 ml/kg for mice). Maternal weight gain, food and water consumption, and serum chemistry were monitored. Rats were euthanized on GD 21 and mice on GD 18. PFOS levels in maternal serum and in maternal and fetal livers were determined. Maternal weight gains in both species were suppressed by PFOS in a dose-dependent manner, likely attributed to reduced food and water intake. Serum PFOS levels increased with dosage, and liver levels were approximately fourfold higher than serum. Serum thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3) in the PFOS-treated rat dams were significantly reduced as early as one week after chemical exposure, although no feedback response of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was observed. A similar pattern of reduction in T-4 was also seen in the pregnant mice. Maternal serum triglycerides were significantly reduced, particularly in the high-dose groups, although cholesterol levels were not affected. In the mouse dams, PFOS produced a marked enlargement of the liver at 10 mg/kg and higher dosages. In the rat fetuses, PFOS was detected in the liver but at levels nearly half of those in the maternal counterparts, regardless of administered doses. In both rodent species, PFOS did not alter the numbers of implantations or live fetuses at term, although small deficits in fetal weight were noted in the rat. A host of birth defects, including cleft palate, anasarca, ventricular septal defect, and enlargement of the right atrium, were seen in both rats and mice, primarily in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosage groups, respectively. Our results demonstrate both maternal and developmental toxicity of PFOS in the rat and mouse. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55133 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 54 TC 250 Z9 260 U1 5 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg121 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 705LU UT WOS:000184397200019 PM 12773773 ER PT J AU Lau, C Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Rogers, JM Grey, BE Stanton, ME Butenhoff, JL Stevenson, LA AF Lau, C Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Rogers, JM Grey, BE Stanton, ME Butenhoff, JL Stevenson, LA TI Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. II: Postnatal evaluation SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctane sulfonate; postnatal; toxicity; rodent ID THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; DELAYED ALTERNATION; DIPHENYL ETHERS; TOXICITY; NITROFEN; LIVER; HYPOTHYROIDISM; DISCRIMINATION; MATURATION AB The postnatal effects of in utero exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C(8)F(17)SO(3)(-)) were evaluated in the rat and mouse. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1, 2, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS daily by gavage from gestation day (GD) 2 to GD 21; pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg PFOS from GD 1 to GD 18. Controls received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle (1 ml/kg for rats and 10 ml/kg for mice). At parturition, newborns were observed for clinical signs and survival. All animals were born alive and initially appeared to be active. In the highest dosage groups (10 mg/kg for rat and 20 mg/kg for mouse), the neonates became pale, inactive, and moribund within 30-60 min, and all died soon afterward. In the 5 mg/kg (rat) and 15 mg/kg (mouse) dosage groups, the neonates also became moribund but survived for a longer period of time (8-12 h). Over 95% of these animals died within 24 h. Approximately 50% of offspring died at 3 mg/kg for rat and 10 mg/kg for mouse. Cross-fostering the PFOS-exposed rat neonates (5 mg/kg) to control nursing dams failed to improve survival. Serum concentrations of PFOS in newborn rats mirrored the maternal administered dosage and were similar to those in the maternal circulation at GD 21; PFOS levels in the surviving neonates declined in the ensuing days. Small but significant and persistent growth lags were detected in surviving rat and mouse pups exposed to PFOS prenatally, and slight delays in eye opening were noted. Significant increases in liver weight were observed in the PFOS-exposed mouse pups. Serum thyroxine levels were suppressed in the PFOS-treated rat pups, although triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] levels were not altered. Choline acetyltransferase activity (an enzyme that is sensitive to thyroid status) in the prefrontal cortex of rat pups exposed to PFOS prenatally was slightly reduced, but activity in the hippocampus was not affected. Development of learning, determined by T-maze delayed alternation in weanling rats, was not affected by PFOS exposure. These results indicate that in utero exposure to PFOS severely compromised postnatal survival of neonatal rats and mice, and caused delays in growth and development that were accompanied by hypothyroxinemia in the surviving rat pups. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55133 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 51 TC 303 Z9 328 U1 5 U2 43 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg122 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 705LU UT WOS:000184397200020 PM 12773772 ER PT J AU Gallagher, J Sams, R Inmon, J Gelein, R Elder, A Oberdorster, G Prahalad, AK AF Gallagher, J Sams, R Inmon, J Gelein, R Elder, A Oberdorster, G Prahalad, AK TI Formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine in rat lung DNA following subchronic inhalation of carbon black SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon black; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine; Sprague-Dawley rats; lung inhalation ID PARTICULATE METAL CONTENT; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MUTAGENIC RESPONSES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VIVO; DAMAGE; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE AB Chronic high-dose inhalation of carbon black (CB) can produce carcinomas in rat lungs. The mechanisms underlying this response are uncertain. It has been hypothesized that chronic inflammation and cell proliferation may play a role in the development of tumors after high dose, long-term contact of the particles with lung epithelial cells. In this investigation, we analyzed the formation of a known mutagenic lesion [8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)] in the lung DNA of rats following subchronic inhalation of CB (Printex-90 and Sterling V). Briefly, female Fischer 344 rats were exposed for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks to 1, 7, and 50 mg/m(3) of Printex-90 (16 nm; specific surface area 300 m(2)/g) and to 50 mg/m(3) Of Sterling V CB (70 mu; surface area of 37 m(2)/g). The exposure concentration of Sterling V was selected to be equivalent in terms of retained mass in the lung to the high dose of Printex-90 at the end of exposure. However, in terms of retained particle surface area, the retained lung dose of Sterling V was equivalent to the mid-dose of Printex 90. This design allows comparison of results on the basis of retained particle mass as well as retained particle surface area between the two CB particles. The formation of 8-oxo-dG in the lung DNA was assessed using a reverse phase HPLC system coupled with UV and electrochemical (EC) detection. After 13 weeks of exposure, measurements were made on lung samples obtained at the end of the exposure and a 44-week recovery period in clean air. Lung burdens of CB were determined at both time points as well as differential cell populations from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). The results indicate that lung particle overload was achieved after exposure to 7 and 50 mg/m(3) (Printex-90) and 50 mg/m(3) (Sterling V) but not at I mg/m(3) (Printex-90). Consistent with these results, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in 8-oxo-dG induction was observed following 13 weeks of exposure to 50 mg/m(3) Printex-90 and at 7 and 50 mg/m(3) after the 44-week recovery period. Interestingly, no increase in 8-oxo-dG was observed for Sterling V CB at either time point despite lung particle overload. Although the retained mass dose of Sterling V at the end of exposure was even higher than for Printex 90 (50 mg/m(3) exposure group) (similar to7.6 vs 4.8 mg), the surface area of the retained Sterling V was similar to that of the retained Printex 90 of the mid-dose exposure (7 mg/m(3)) (similar to0.2 m(2) in both groups). Since both Sterling V (50 mg/m(3)) and Printex 90 (7 mg/m(3)) did not induce significant increases in 8-oxo-dG in the lung at the end of the 13-week exposure, this finding indicates that a retained large particle mass is not always con-elated with similar adverse effects but that particle surface area is a better dose parameter. The lower effect per unit mass dose seen with Sterling V is consistent with earlier studies showing that particle surface area of low toxicity particles is a more appropriate dosemetric for induction of inflammation in the lungs than particle mass (Oberdorster et al., 1994, 2001; Brown et al. 2001; Donaldson et al., 2002). An increase (p < 0.05) in lung lavage neutrophils was observed at 7 mg/m(3) (Printex-90) and 50 mg/m(3) (Printex-90 and Sterling V) at the 13-week exposure period and again at 50 mg/m(3) (Printex-90 and Sterling V, 44-week recovery period). Our current findings suggest that prolonged, high-dose exposure to CB can promote oxidative DNA damage that is consistent with the hypothesis that inflammatory cell-derived oxidants may play a role in the pathogenesis of rat lung tumors following long-term high-dose exposure to CB in rats. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Epidemiol Biomarker Branch, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Gallagher, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Epidemiol Biomarker Branch, Human Studies Div, MD-58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 190 IS 3 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00187-X PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 708WK UT WOS:000184592900004 PM 12902193 ER PT J AU Zaveri, RA Berkowitz, CM Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Doskey, PV Lonneman, WA Spicer, CW AF Zaveri, RA Berkowitz, CM Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Doskey, PV Lonneman, WA Spicer, CW TI Ozone production efficiency and NOx depletion in an urban plume: Interpretation of field observations and implications for evaluating O-3-NOx-VOC sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; Lagrangian modeling; aircraft measurements ID POWER-PLANT PLUMES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONTROL STRATEGIES; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; RURAL SITE; JULY 18; NASHVILLE; HYDROCARBONS; EMISSIONS AB Ozone production efficiency ( OPE) can be defined as the number of ozone (O-3) molecules photochemically produced by a molecule of NOx (NO + NO2) before it is lost from the NOx-O-3 cycle. Here we consider observational and modeling techniques to evaluate various operational definitions of OPEs using aircraft and surface measurements taken as part of the 1999 Southern Oxidant Study field campaign in Nashville, Tennessee. A key tool in our analysis is a Lagrangian box model, which is used to quantitatively describe the effects of emissions, dilution, dry deposition, and photochemistry in an urban air parcel as it was advected downwind. After evaluating the model using the observed downwind concentrations of several key species, we show that the modeled NOx oxidation and O-3 production rates as well as the associated instantaneous and cumulative OPEs depend on the time of day and the photochemical age of the air parcel. The observation-based OPEs are found to be consistent with the modeled values with the expected biases. A model sensitivity study suggests that downwind O-3 concentrations in the Nashville plume are more sensitive to NOx emissions than anthropogenic VOC emissions. Because the OPE exhibits a nonlinear dependence on emissions and meteorological effects, it would be difficult to rely only on observations to map out the nonlinear response of O-3 to a wide span of NOx and VOC emission changes. Properly constrained and well-evaluated models using a variety of observations are therefore necessary to reliably predict O-3-NOx-VOC sensitivity for designing effective O3 control strategies. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atmospher Sci & Appl Technol Dept, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Battelle Blvd,MSIN K9-30,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rahul.zaveri@pnl.gov; carl.berkowitz@pnl.gov; kleinman@bnl.gov; srs@bnl.gov; pvdoskey@anl.gov; lonneman.bill@epamail.epa.gov; spicerc@battelle.org OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 51 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 4436 DI 10.1029/2002JD003144 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710WZ UT WOS:000184707000006 ER PT J AU Tennekoon, L Boufadel, MC Lavallee, D Weaver, J AF Tennekoon, L Boufadel, MC Lavallee, D Weaver, J TI Multifractal anisotropic scaling of the hydraulic conductivity SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; heterogeneity; multifractals; multiscaling; structure function; non-Gaussian ID FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; FRACTIONAL LEVY MOTION; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CAPE-COD; STOCHASTIC INTERPOLATION; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BORDEN AQUIFER AB We analyzed the scaling properties of the hydraulic conductivity K at three sites in Northern America: MADE, Borden, and Cape Cod. We found that K at all sites exhibits multifractality (fractal and multiscaling) in both the vertical and horizontal directions, though the multiscaling was within a range smaller than that of the maximum distance between measurements. In the vertical direction, the K data for MADE, Borden, and Cape Cod were multiscaling from 0.15 to 1.35 m, 0.05 to 0.5 m, and 0.15 to 0.9 m, respectively. They were multiscaling in the horizontal direction from 9 to 45 m, 1 to 10 m, and 1 to 17 m, respectively. The multiscaling was also anisotropic. Evidence of scaling was poorest for the horizontal direction of the MADE site, and it spanned half an order of magnitude. Such results compel one to treat multifractality in the horizontal direction of MADE as supported by heuristic arguments, rather than by pure statistical evaluation. We fitted a multifractal model to the data and estimated its parameters. We found the underlying statistics of all data to be non-Gaussian, and the model capable of reproducing the probability distribution of K data, especially the negative skewness of log K. We also generated two-dimensional isotropic multifractal fields illustrating the role of the parameters of the selected multifractal model. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tennekoon, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM boufadel@temple.edu NR 68 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 7 AR 1193 DI 10.1029/2002WR001645 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 710ZE UT WOS:000184712000002 ER PT J AU Ross, MK Pegram, RA AF Ross, MK Pegram, RA TI [S-35]-Labeling of the Salmonella typhimurium glutathione pool to assess glutathione-mediated DNA binding by 1,2-dibromoethane SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE glutathione transferase theta 1-1; bioactivation; 1,2-dibromoethane; DNA adducts ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METABOLISM; S-<2-(N7-GUANYL)ETHYL>GLUTATHIONE; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; BIOACTIVATION; DERIVATIVES; HEPATOCYTES; CONJUGATION; INDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Biotransformation of drugs and environmental chemicals to reactive intermediates is often studied with the use of radiolabeled compounds that are synthesized by expensive and technically difficult procedures. In general, glutathione (GSH) conjugation serves as a detoxification mechanism, and conjugation of reactive intermediates with GSH is often a surrogate marker of reactive species formation. However, several halogenated alkanes can be bioactivated by GSH to yield highly reactive GSH conjugates, some of which are DNA-reactive (e.g. conjugates of 1,2-dibromoethane). The purpose of this study was to metabolically radiolabel the in vivo GSH pool of Salmonella typhimurium with a [S-35]-label and to examine the GSH-mediated bioactivation of a model haloalkane, 1,2-dibromoethane, by measuring the binding of [S-35]-label to DNA. The strain of Salmonella used in this study had been transformed previously with the gene that codes for rat glutathione transferase theta 1-1 (GSTT1-1), an enzyme that can catalyze formation of genotoxic GSH conjugates. Bacteria were grown to mid-log phase and then incubated with [S-35]-L-cysteine in minimal medium (thio-free) until stationary phase of growth was reached. At this stage, the specific activity of Salmonella GSH was estimated to be 7.1 mCi/mmol by derivatization and subsequent HPLC analysis, and GSTT1-1 enzyme activity was still demonstrable in Salmonella cytosol following growth in a minimal medium. The [S-35]-labeled bacteria were then exposed to 1,2-dibromoethane (1 mM), and the Salmonella DNA was subsequently purified to quantify [S-35]-binding to DNA. The amount of [S-35]-label that was covalently bound to DNA in the GSTT1-1-expressing Salmonella strain (33.2 nmol/mg DNA) was sevenfold greater than that of the control strain that does not express GSTT1-1. Neutral thermal hydrolysis of the DNA yielded a single [S-35]-labeled adduct with a similar t(R) as S-[2-(N-7-guanyl)ethyl]GSH, following HPLC analysis of the hydrolysate. This adduct accounted for 95% of the total [S-35]-label bound to DNA. Thus, this [S-35]-radiolabeling protocol may prove useful for studying the DNA reactivity of GSH conjugates of other halogenated alkanes in a cellular context that maintains GSH at normal physiological levels. This is also, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of de novo incorporation of [S-35]-L-cysteine into the bacterial GSH pool. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Pegram, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [F32 ES11111-01] NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 146 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0009-2797(03)00071-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 711BL UT WOS:000184718300004 PM 12902151 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Wang, XC Zhang, WL Reed, W Samet, JM Whang, YE Ghio, AJ AF Wu, WD Wang, XC Zhang, WL Reed, W Samet, JM Whang, YE Ghio, AJ TI Zinc-induced PTEN protein degradation through the proteasome pathway in human airway epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION SITES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; EGF-RECEPTOR; KINASE; PHOSPHATASE; GROWTH; ACTIVATION; PTEN/MMAC1 AB The tumor suppressor PTEN is a putative negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Exposure to Zn2+ ions induces Akt activation, suggesting that PTEN may be modulated in this process. Therefore, the effects of Zn2+ on PTEN were studied in human airway epithelial cells and rat lungs. Treatment with Zn2+ resulted in a significant reduction in levels of PTEN protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in a human airway epithelial cell line. This effect of Zn2+ was also observed in normal human airway epithelial cells in primary culture and in rat airway epithelium in vivo. Concomitantly, levels of PTEN mRNA were also significantly reduced by Zn2+ exposure. PTEN phosphatase activity evaluated by measuring Akt phosphorylation decreased after Zn2+ treatment. Pretreatment of the cells with a proteasome inhibitor significantly blocked zinc-induced reduction of PTEN protein as well as the increase in Akt phosphorylation, implicating the involvement of proteasome-mediated PTEN degradation. Further study revealed that Zn2+-induced ubiquitination of PTEN protein may mediate this process. A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor blocked PTEN degradation induced by Zn2+, suggesting that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase may participate in the regulation of PTEN. However, both the proteasome inhibitor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor failed to prevent significant down-regulation of PTEN mRNA expression in response to Zn2+. In summary, exposure to Zn2+ ions causes PTEN degradation and loss of function, which is mediated by an ubiquitin-associated proteolytic process in the airway epithelium. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wu, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA85772] NR 63 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 30 BP 28258 EP 28263 DI 10.1074/jbc.M303318200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702UL UT WOS:000184242700116 PM 12743124 ER PT J AU Jeong, SW Wood, AL Lee, TR AF Jeong, SW Wood, AL Lee, TR TI Enhanced removal of DNAPL trapped in porous media using simultaneous injection of cosolvent with air: influencing factors and removal mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; cosolvent; dissolution; immiscible displacement; remediation; porous media ID REMEDIATION AB Factors influencing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) removal by concurrent injection of cosolvent and air were evaluated using micromodels and visualization techniques. Cosolvent (ethanol/water) was injected simultaneously. with air into glass micromodels containing residual perchloroethylene (PCE). Impacts of the air flow rates and PCE solubility in the remedial fluid on PCE removal processes were examined. Although two major processes, immiscible displacement and dissolution, may contribute PCE removal from porous media during cosolvent-air (CA) flooding, PCE displacement occurred only in the initial flooding period and was independent of the air flow rate and ethanol content. However, faster airflow through the porous medium improved remedial fluid distribution and dynamics and resulted in enhanced dissolution of the DNAPL. Dissolution rates were directly related to PCE solubility in the remedial fluid. Enhanced contact between cosolvent and DNAPL during CA flooding was observed in a non-homogeneous micromodel with random flow paths. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Jeong, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr,Ada, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 109 EP 122 AR PII S0304-3894(02)00313-8 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00313-8 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716TD UT WOS:000185044100002 PM 12927729 ER PT J AU Kolanczyk, RC Fitzsimmons, PN McKim, JM Erickson, RJ Schmieder, PK AF Kolanczyk, RC Fitzsimmons, PN McKim, JM Erickson, RJ Schmieder, PK TI Effects of anesthesia (tricaine methanesulfonate, MS222) on liver biotransformation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tricaine methanesulfonate; tricaine; rainbow trout; anesthesia; microsomes; biotransformation; phenol; MS-222 ID FRESH-WATER FISH; HEPATIC MICROSOMES; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; MS 222; METABOLISM; PHENOL; CYTOCHROME-P-450; EXCRETION; INDUCTION AB The effect of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) on rainbow trout liver biotransformation rates was investigated with a microsomal model; an in vitro preparation that can be employed with or without the use of an anaesthetic. Two experimental sets of rainbow trout microsomes were tested; one representing in vivo or surgical tricaine exposures and the other representing in vitro tissue/organ collection tricaine exposures. Microsomal incubations were performed on these two experimental groups with phenol as substrate to assess the effects of tricaine on Phase I (ring-hydroxylation) and H (glucuronidation) liver biotransformation by monitoring production of hydroquinone (HQ) catechol (CAT), and phenylglucuronide (PG). The use of a 2-h 100 mg/l exposure of tricaine for surgical anesthesia with or without 24-h recovery did not significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) affect rates of phenol (Phase I and II) biotransformation rates; nor, did the 5-min 300 mg/l tricaine exposure for isolated organ/tissue collection significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) affect phenol (Phase I and II) biotransformation rates. There were also no significant statistical differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) in P450 protein levels, or 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in these microsomal assays between any of the tricaine treated rainbow trout and controls. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Kolanczyk, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 64 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00051-1 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 693RK UT WOS:000183732000006 PM 12799110 ER PT J AU Chapman, RS Hadden, WC Perlin, SA AF Chapman, RS Hadden, WC Perlin, SA TI Influences of asthma and household environment on lung function in children and adolescents - The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; indoor; asthma; environmental health; environmental pollutants; respiratory physiology; spirometry; tobacco smoke pollution ID INDOOR NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; TOBACCO-SMOKE EXPOSURE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; CLINICAL REMISSION; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; ATOPIC ASTHMA; CHILDHOOD; SENSITIZATION AB The authors examined influences of asthma and household environment (passive smoking, use of a gas stove, and having a dog or cat) on five measures of spirometric lung function among 8- to 16-year-old subjects, as measured cross-sectionally in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988-1994). In regression models, independent variables included asthma status, household environmental factors, age, and anthropometric measurements. Regression analyses were weighted by the NHANES III examination sample weighting factor, and results were adjusted for clustering in the sampling design. There were distinct sex differences in the results. In girls, lung function was lowest among active asthmatics taking prescription respiratory medicine, whereas lung function in other active and inactive asthmatics did not differ greatly from that in nonasthmatics. In boys, however, all groups of asthmatics had substantially lower lung function than nonasthmatics. Differences in lung function between active asthmatics and nonasthmatics were stable with increasing age. However, the lung function of inactive asthmatic girls and boys returned to and diverged from nonasthmatics' levels, respectively. In asthmatic girls, passive smoking was associated with reduced lung function; having a dog or cat was associated with increased lung function; and gas stove use was associated with reduced lung function among subjects not taking prescription respiratory medicine. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Perlin, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg129 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701FK UT WOS:000184157400012 PM 12851231 ER PT J AU Mishina, Y Ye, L Huang, HY Chen, D Dallas, S Kunieda, T Tsutsui, TW Lu, YB Ke, HZ Bonewald, LF Feng, JQ AF Mishina, Y Ye, L Huang, HY Chen, D Dallas, S Kunieda, T Tsutsui, TW Lu, YB Ke, HZ Bonewald, LF Feng, JQ TI Deficiency for dentin matrix protein 1, a specific gene for mineralized tissues, causes osteochondrodysplasia, osteoarthritis, and rickets/osteomalacia during postnatal development. SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Development-Biology CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Dev Biol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Dent, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 259 IS 2 MA 517 BP 557 EP 557 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 705AD UT WOS:000184373300463 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS Sulik, KK Hunter, ES AF Johnson, CS Sulik, KK Hunter, ES TI Indistinguishable forelimb dysmorphogenesis induced by ethanol and by retinoic acid (RA) signaling antagonism or RA synthesis inhibition provide clues regarding ethanol's teratogenic mechanism. SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Development-Biology CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Dev Biol C1 UNC, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. UNC, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 259 IS 2 MA 629 BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 705AD UT WOS:000184373300565 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Landis, MS Stevens, RK TI Comment on "Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a coastal site in the Antarctic and over the south Atlantic Ocean during polar summer" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; DENUDER C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3239 EP 3240 DI 10.1021/es0303844 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702QF UT WOS:000184234000028 PM 12901675 ER PT J AU Roberts, DR Ford, RG Sparks, DL AF Roberts, DR Ford, RG Sparks, DL TI Kinetics and mechanisms of Zn complexation on metal oxides using EXAFS spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zinc sorption; sorption kinetics; EXAFS; inner-sphere complexation; surface precipitation ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS ZN(II) SORPTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; ALUMINUM-OXIDES; ZINC SPECIATION; NI SORPTION; ADSORPTION AB Zn(II) sorption onto Al and Si oxides was studied as a function of pH (5.1-7.52), sorption density, and ionic strength. This study was carried out to determine the role of the various reaction conditions and sorbent phases in Zn complexation at oxide surfaces. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to probe the Zn atomic environment at the metal oxide/aqueous interface. For both amorphous silica and high-surface-area gibbsite, Zn sorption kinetics were rapid and reached completion within 24 h. In contrast, Zn sorption on low-surface-area-gibbsite was much slower, taking nearly 800 h for a sorption plateau to be reached. In the case of silica, EXAFS revealed that Zn was in octahedral coordination with first-shell oxygen atoms up to a surface loading of approximately I mumol m(-2), changing to tetrahedral coordination as surface loading and pH increased. For the high-surface-area gibbsite system, the Zn-O first-shell distance was intermediate between values for tetrahedral and octahedral coordination over all loading levels. Zn formed inner-sphere adsorption complexes on both silica and high-surface-area gibbsite over all reaction conditions. For Zn sorption on low-surface-area gibbsite, formation of Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) occurred and was the cause for the observed slow Zn sorption kinetics. The highest pH sample (7.51) in the Zn-amorphous silica system resulted in the formation of an amorphous Zn(OH)(2) precipitate with tetrahedral coordination between Zn and O. Aging the reaction samples did not alter the Zn complex in any of the systems. The results of this study indicate the variability of Zn complexation at surfaces prevalent in soil and aquatic systems and the importance of combining macroscopic observations with methods capable of determining metal complex formation mechanisms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Roberts, DR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM droberts@uottawa.ca RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 66 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 263 IS 2 BP 364 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00281-9 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 697DM UT WOS:000183927000004 PM 12909025 ER PT J AU Kurtz, JC Yates, DF Macauley, JM Quarles, RL Genthner, FJ Chancy, CA Devereux, R AF Kurtz, JC Yates, DF Macauley, JM Quarles, RL Genthner, FJ Chancy, CA Devereux, R TI Effects of light reduction on growth of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria americana and the community of root-associated heterotrophic bacteria SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seagrass; light reduction; rhizosphere; bacteria ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HALODULE-WRIGHTII ASCHERS; FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA SEDIMENTS; SEAGRASS ZOSTERA-CAPRICORNI; NITROGEN-FIXATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ORGANIC-CARBON; PLANT-GROWTH; RHIZOSPHERE SEDIMENTS AB A shading experiment was conducted over a growing season to measure the effects of light reduction on Vallisneria americana in Perdido Bay on the Florida-Alabama border and to determine the response of heterotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere. Plants subjected to 92% light reduction showed the most pronounced effects in chlorophyll a concentration, above- and below-ground biomass, and leaf dimensions. These results further suggested that the V americana life cycle, as exhibited in temperate waters, was impaired. Heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated and identified (i) from the roots and sediments of fully illuminated plants and from unvegetated sediments at three intervals and (ii) from the roots of plants that have been subjected to 92% light reduction for 3 months. Up to two orders of magnitude greater numbers of bacteria were enumerated from root samples than sediment samples on a dry weight basis. Bacteria enumerated from the roots of plants subjected to light reduction (1.3 +/- 1.1 X 10(8) CFU g(-1)) were significantly higher than numbers of bacteria enumerated from the roots of fully illuminated plants (4.8 +/- 1.8 X 10(7) g(-1) in the summer) or sediment samples (1.4 +/- 0.03 X 10(6) g(-1)). This suggests the roots of seagrasses stressed by light reduction provided more nutrients for bacterial growth. Higher percentages of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from roots (up to 85% in the fall) than sediments (0-15%). Examination of isolates for traits characteristic of rhizosphere bacteria (siderophore production, formation of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid, and antifungal activity) did not show a clear distinction between root-associated and sediment isolates. Taxonomic identifications of root-associated bacteria based on MIDI analysis of fatty acid methyl esters were consistent with bacteria known to be associated with other plants or found at oxic-anoxic interfaces. In addition, the bacterial identifications showed most species were associated with only roots or only sediments. These results support studies suggesting seagrass rhizospheres harbor distinct bacterial communities. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Devereux, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 93 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 291 IS 2 BP 199 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00120-5 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 689AP UT WOS:000183469700004 ER PT J AU Murrell, MC AF Murrell, MC TI Bacterioplankton dynamics in a subtropical estuary: evidence for substrate limitation SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leucine incorporation; ectoenzyme activity; Pensacola Bay; Gulf of Mexico ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; INTERMEDIATE SALINITIES; FRESH-WATER; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; CARBON; METABOLISM; THYMIDINE; PLANKTON AB Bacterioplankton abundance and metabolic characteristics were measured along a transect in Pensacola Bay, Florida, USA, to examine the factors that control microbial water column processes in this subtropical estuary. The microbial measures included (3)H-L-leucine incorporation, ectoenzyme activity (aminopeptidase, U-D-glucosidase, P-D-glucosidase) and bacterial abundance. Bacterioplankton abundance ranged from 1.8 to 15.3 x 10(9) l(-1) (average: 6.2 x 10(6)); highest abundances occurred during summer months, particularly in the upper estuary. Bacterial secondary production ranged from 20 to 273 mug C l(-1) d(-1) (average 115), aminopeptidase activities ranged from 34 to 356 nmol l(-1) d(-1) (average 165), alpha-D-glucosidase ranged from 0.4 to 61 nmol l(-1) d(-1) (average: 8.3), and beta-D-glucosidase ranged from 1.4 to 53.1 nmol l(-1) d(-1) (average: 10.5). Bacterioplankton exhibited strong seasonality, suggesting that temperature was an important driver of the observed variability. When normalized for bacterial biomass, metabolic rates exhibited a striking inter-annual pattern with lower rates during summer 2000 than 2001. This pattern was consistent with freshwater flows, which were much lower during 2000 than 2001, consequently lowering nutrient and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) supply to the estuary. These results underscore the importance of riverine flux of materials to support bacterial metabolism and suggest that bacterioplankton were substrate-limited during the low flow period. The empirical relationships between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton variables were similar to those found in literature synthesis studies, with the notable exception that bacterial abundances and production were higher than predicted from chlorophyll a concentration. One explanation for this departure is that these relationships are drawn largely from cool temperate environments and warm subtropical systems are underrepresented in the literature. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Murrell, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM murrell.michael@epa.gov NR 44 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.3354/ame032239 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 710RC UT WOS:000184692400004 ER PT J AU Landi, S Naccarati, A Ross, MK Hanley, NM Dailey, L Devlin, RB Vasquez, M Pegram, RA DeMarini, DM AF Landi, S Naccarati, A Ross, MK Hanley, NM Dailey, L Devlin, RB Vasquez, M Pegram, RA DeMarini, DM TI Induction of DNA strand breaks by trihalomethanes in primary human lung epithelial cells SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE trihalomethanes; comet; DNA damage; human lung cells; GSTT1-1 ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; S-TRANSFERASE T1-1; GSTT1-1 POLYMORPHISM; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; METABOLISM; SALMONELLA; RAT; LYMPHOCYTES; CHLOROFORM AB Trihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection by-products and suspected human carcinogens present in chlorinated drinking water. Previous studies have shown that many THMs induce sister chromatid exchanges and DNA strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Exposure to THMs occurs through oral, dermal, or inhalation routes, with the lung being a target of exposure by the latter route, although not a target for rodent carcinogenicity. Thus, to examine the genotoxicity of THMs in this tissue, we used the comet assay to examine the DNA damaging ability of five THMs in primary human lung epithelial cells. Cells were collected by scraping the large airways of four volunteers with a cytology brush and then passaging the cells no more than three times in order to have sufficient numbers for the experiments. Cells were exposed for 3 h to 10, 100, or 1000 muM CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2, or CHBr3; CH2Cl2 was also used as a model dihalomethane for comparison to the THMs. The compounds ranked as follows for DNA damaging ability: CHCl2Br > CHBr3 > CHCl3 approximate to CH2Cl2; CHClBr2 was negative. Considerable inter-individual variation was observed. For example, CHCl3 was genotoxic in only two subjects, and the interaction between dose and donor was highly significant (P < 0.001). The same variation was observed for CHCl2Br, which was positive only in the two subjects in which CHCl3 was negative. This variation was not due to the GSTT1-1 genotype of the subjects. Although two subjects were GSTT1-1(+), and two were GSTT1-1(-), no cultured cells with a GSTT1-1(+) genotype had detectable GSTT1-1 enzymatic activity nor did any frozen epithelial cells that had not been cultured. However, GSTT1-1 enzymatic activity was detected in fresh (neither frozen nor cultured) lung cells. These results show that freezing or culturing causes lung cells to lose GSTT1-1 activity and that factors other than GSTT1-1 activity play a role in the variable responses of these human cells to the genotoxicity of the halomethanes studied here. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Integrated Lab Syst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Naccarati, Alessio/0000-0001-5774-0905; Landi, Stefano/0000-0001-8364-6357 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1F32 ES11111-01] NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 538 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00086-X PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 698XR UT WOS:000184025900005 PM 12834753 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Alexis, N AF Ghio, AJ Alexis, N TI Siderophages in sputum SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Letter DE sputum; air pollution; siderophages ID LUNG; IRON; CELLS C1 US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Campus Box 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 695 EP 696 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 702DU UT WOS:000184205900027 PM 12920768 ER PT J AU Bailey, CR Somers, JH Steenland, K AF Bailey, CR Somers, JH Steenland, K TI Exposures, to diesel exhaust in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 1950-1990 SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diesel emissions; exposure modeling ID TRUCKING INDUSTRY; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES AB A prior case-control study found a positive, monotonic exposure-response relationship between exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer among decedents of the Central States Conference of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. In response to critiques of the Teamsters' exposure estimates by the Health Effects Institute's Diesel Epidemiology Panel, historical exposures and associated uncertainties are investigated here. Historic diesel exhaust exposures are predicted as a function of heavy-duty diesel truck emissions, increasing use of diesel engines, and occupational elemental carbon (EC) measurements taken during the late 1980s and early 1990s. EC from diesel and nondiesel sources is distinguished in light of recent studies indicating a substantial contribution of gasoline vehicles to ambient EC. Monte Carlo sampling is used to characterize exposure distributions. The methodology used in this article-a probabilistic model for historical exposure assessment-is novel. C1 Off Transportat & Air Qual, Environm Protect Agcy, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bailey, CR (reprint author), Off Transportat & Air Qual, Environm Protect Agcy, 2565 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1080/15428110308984842 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 711CQ UT WOS:000184722000009 PM 12908862 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Brooks, JR AF Ford, CR Brooks, JR TI Hydrological and climatic responses of Pinus elliottii var. densa in mesic pine flatwoods Florida, USA SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE south Florida slash pine; Pinus elliottii var. densa; dendrochronology; tree-ring; runoff; potential evapotranspiration ID FOREST VEGETATION; LONGLEAF PINE; NORTH FLORIDA; RADIAL GROWTH; TREES; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; WATER; PLANTATIONS; RESPIRATION AB Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. densa Little & Dorman is the only native sub-tropical pine in the US and is now restricted to an estimated 4.5% of its original area. To understand how this species might respond to changing environments, we examine the relationship between two hydrologic variables and growth of three stands of P. elliottii var. densa occurring along a hydrologic gradient using tree-ring records. The two variables were a short-term indicator of water status, precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration (P-PET), and a long-term indicator of water status, runoff (R). Growth at all sites was positively correlated to current growing season P-PET and R, and strongly, negatively correlated with previous winter R. The positive correlation with spring R was greater in the site with the deepest water table than in sites with shallower water tables. We discuss the potential for root dynamics to explain the relationships between growth and R. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOR SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1051/forest:2003030 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 727TE UT WOS:000185675000001 ER PT J AU Volckens, J Leith, D AF Volckens, J Leith, D TI Comparison of methods for measuring gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE K-p; sampling; filter; ESP; Denuder; semivolatile ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERE; ARTIFACTS; AEROSOLS; SAMPLER; MODEL AB This work demonstrates several difficulties associated with sampling semivolatile aerosols. Gas-particle partition coefficients (K-p = [F/TSP]/A) of semivolatile PAHs and alkanes were estimated from chamber tests using four different sampling methods: filter-adsorbent (FA), filter-filter-adsorbent (FFA), Denuder-filter-adsorbent (DFA), and electrostatic precipitator-Adsorbent (EA). The FA, FFA, and EA sampling methods estimated K-p accurately for high concentrations of PAHs in diesel engine exhaust aerosol. The FA sampler, which used a Teflon Zeflour filter, was biased by filter adsorption of alkane gases sampled at lower concentrations, whereas the FFA sampler, which used a Teflon coated glass fiber filter, was biased by particle evaporation during the same tests. The EA sampler introduced small biases at low concentrations due to chemical artifacts from the corona, non-ideal particle collection, and evaporative loss of collected particles. The DFA sampler was biased by particle losses in the denuder for PAHs in diesel exhaust aerosol, but gave accurate estimates of K-p for alkanes measured at lower concentrations. Results from this research show that none of the methods tested was able to measure gas-particle partition coefficients accurately for each series of compounds under all sampling situations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Volckens, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Esposure Res Lab, MD E205-3, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Volckens, John/0000-0002-7563-9525 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 23 BP 3177 EP 3188 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00352-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 701UZ UT WOS:000184188500002 ER PT J AU Hopke, PK Ramadan, Z Paatero, P Norris, GA Landis, MS Williams, RW Lewis, CW AF Hopke, PK Ramadan, Z Paatero, P Norris, GA Landis, MS Williams, RW Lewis, CW TI Receptor modeling of ambient and personal exposure samples: 1998 Baltimore Particulate Matter Epidemiology-Exposure Study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE receptor modeling; personal exposure; positive matrix factorization; multilinear engine ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; VOLUME AIR SAMPLER; MULTILINEAR ENGINE; AEROSOL; INDOOR; PARTICLE; OUTDOOR; IDENTIFICATION; ADSORPTION; COMMUNITY AB Sources of particulate matter exposure for an elderly population in a city north of Baltimore, MD were evaluated using advanced factor analysis models. Data collected with versatile air pollutant samplers positioned at a community site, outside and inside of an elderly residential facility were analyzed with a three-way analysis to identify the source(s) that contributed to all sample types. These sources were secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, motor vehicles, and a organic carbon (OC). The OC source contained 96% OC and most likely represents positive volatile organic carbon artifact and other unidentified sources. No soil source was found that contributed significantly to these samples. A second set of data was collected with personal samplers (PEM) from 10 elderly subjects, their apartments, a central indoor location, and outdoors. The PEM data were analyzed using a complex model with a target for soil that included factors that are common to all of the types of samples (external factors) and factors that only apply to the data from the individual and apartment samples (internal factors). From these results, the impact of outdoor sources and indoor sources on indoor concentrations were assessed. The identified external factors were sulfate, soil, and an unknown factor. Internal factors were identified as gypsum or wall board, personal care products, and a factor representing variability not explained by the other indoor sources. The latter factor had a composition similar to outdoor particulate matter and explained 36% of the personal exposure. External factors contributed 63% to personal exposure with the largest contribution from sulfate (48%). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Box 5810, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X; Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 23 BP 3289 EP 3302 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00331-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 701UZ UT WOS:000184188500011 ER PT J AU Rodan, BD Blundell, AG AF Rodan, BD Blundell, AG TI Can sustainable mahogany stem from CITES science? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rodan, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 619 EP 619 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0619:CSMSFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 699XT UT WOS:000184082900001 ER PT J AU Holub, SM Lajtha, K AF Holub, SM Lajtha, K TI Mass loss and nitrogen dynamics during the decomposition of a N-15-labeled N-2-fixing epiphytic lichen, Lobaria oregana SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE decomposition; nitrogen; Lobaria oregana; lichen; mineralization; immobilization ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; NEEDLE LITTER; GROWTH-RATES; FOREST; SOIL; N-15; OREGON; MINERALIZATION; ECOSYSTEM AB We studied mass loss and nitrogen dynamics during fall and spring initiated decomposition of an N-2-fixing epiphytic lichen, Lobaria oregana (Tuck.) Mull. Arg., using N-15. We developed a method of labeling lichens with N-15 for use in a decomposition study that involved spraying lichen material with a nutrient solution containing N-15-enriched ammonium. Through the first 180 days of sampling, lichens placed in the field during the spring had a smaller decay constant (k=1.24 year(-1)) than the lichens placed in the field during the fall (k=3.1 year(-1)). However, both spring and fall lichen samples were decomposed beyond recognition after 1 year. Patterns in exogenous N uptake and N concentration did not differ by season. Both spring and fall lichens took up N from the surrounding environment during decay while simultaneously losing N to the environment. The N concentration in both sets of lichen additions increased during decay to a peak of around 2.8% N, equal to a C to N ratio of about 16, and then began to decrease. This indicates that early in decay, net N immobilization occurred in the remaining lichen, but this was followed by net N mineralization in later stages of decay. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Holub, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr,POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 698 EP 705 DI 10.1139/B03-068 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712NJ UT WOS:000184803500005 ER PT J AU Klemm, DJ Daniels, BA Moser, WE Lester, RJG AF Klemm, DJ Daniels, BA Moser, WE Lester, RJG TI Biology of the leech Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901 (Annelida : Hirudinea : Rhynchobdellida : Glossiphoniidae), parasitic on the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni Lacepede, 1803, and the longnose sucker, Catostomus catostomus Forster, 1773, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrate; freshwater annelid; feeding behavior; fish parasite; leech; parasitism; Actinobdella annectens; Actinobdella inequiannulata; Actinobdella pediculata; Actinobdella triannulata; Myzobdella lugubris; white sucker; Catostomus commersoni; longnose sucker; Catostomus catostomus; Algonquin Provincial Park; Ontario; Canada ID HELOBDELLA-STAGNALIS L; FRESH-WATER LEECHES; LIFE-HISTORY; SOUTH-WALES; POPULATION; RECORDS; RIVER; CYCLE; LAKE AB Actinobdella inequiannulata was found on the white sucker. Catostomus commersoni, and less frequently on the longnose sucker, Catostomus catostomus, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Catostomus commersoni parasitized with Act. inequiannulata was collected from July to October 1973 and May to October 1974. In May and October, less than 3% of the fish carried leeches. In July, 80% of the fish were parasitized with an average of 1.5 leeches/fish. Observations on leech weight suggest that young leeches attach to fish from May to September, some mature in July, and a second generation of leeches reparasitize the fish in August and September. The mean size of leeches on suckers increased from May until July, after which the size remained relatively constant. Leeches produced characteristic lesions on the opercula of suckers. Fully developed lesions on fish opercula produced by aggregated leeches had varying amounts of central erosion, extravasation, dermal and epidermal hyperplasia, and necrosis. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Branch,Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ADP Off, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Klemm, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Branch,Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM klemm.Donald@epa.gov; daniels.bruce@nmnh.si.edu; moser.William@nmnh.si.edu; r.lester@mail.box.uq NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 EI 1938-2952 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 2 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1654/4064 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 701XH UT WOS:000184193900003 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Cameron, GN AF Mayer, AL Cameron, GN TI Landscape characteristics, spatial extent, and breeding bird diversity in Ohio, USA SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; Breeding Bird Survey; landscape metrics; National Land Classification Data; scale ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MIGRATORY BIRDS; LAND-USE; SCALE; PATTERN; ECOLOGY; METRICS; ABUNDANCE AB Avian communities are often used by ecologists as indicators of environmental decline over large spatial areas, because of the ease with which birds can be monitored by nonprofessionals and the availability of continent-wide breeding bird data. The influence of scale on the relationship between bird diversity and the characteristics of the landscape, which can serve as proxies for decline, is receiving greater attention but is still not well understood. We combined data from the Breeding Bird Survey with landscape characteristics derived from the National Land Classification Data for Ohio, USA, to determine the effects of landscape extent on relationships between birds and landscape characteristics. These relationships were determined through previous work to be correlated with avian richness and diversity. We created areas of varying sizes using buffers around each of 58 routes, and calculated diversity for several groups of birds: all birds, five habitat guilds, and three migration guilds. The landscape extent over which landscape characteristics were considered affected the relationship between these characteristics and bird richness and diversity overall, as well as richness and diversity for several of the habitat and migratory guilds. Diversity of woodland birds, Neotropical migrants, and richness of short-distance migrants were best explained by the landscape characteristics examined here, possibly due to a less homogeneous collection of species in the other guild groups. These results suggest that more attention is required in selecting the appropriate scale when using landscape characteristics to predict or manage avian communities, as some characteristics may be more useful for management activities over small areas versus efforts over larger areas. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00028.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695PY UT WOS:000183840500005 ER PT J AU Brumley, WC Farley, JW AF Brumley, WC Farley, JW TI Determining eosin as a groundwater migration tracer by capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence using a multiwavelength laser SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; eosin; fluorescent dyes; groundwater tracers; laser-induced fluorescence ID ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER; ACIDS AB Measurements for determining of the path of groundwater migration remain an important tool in the overall assessment of environmental processes and transport of pollutants. This paper examines a multiwavelength laser for the determination of eosin, a groundwater tracer, using capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) at excitation wavelength 514.5 nm. Eosin was one of four dyes used in a study of adjacent resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) and Superfund sites (created by the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act) that routinely relied on spectrofluorimetry for determination as we have previously reported. However, the improved specificity of CE-LIF is further illustrated in this work applied to the analysis of adsorbent pads placed in monitoring wells after dye injection and flushing from injection wells. The multiwavelength laser provided the capability to analyze for several dyes with one laser. The advantages/disadvantages of CE-LIF versus spectrofluorimetry are discussed. Spectrofluorimetry is fast and sensitive and will likely continue to be the primary workhorse technique. CE-LIF could provide confirmation when greater specificity is needed in a regulatory context. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Brumley, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2003 VL 24 IS 14 BP 2335 EP 2339 DI 10.1002/elps.200305514 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 707TD UT WOS:000184525200011 PM 12874868 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Herbold, B Matern, SA Moyle, PB AF Feyrer, F Herbold, B Matern, SA Moyle, PB TI Dietary shifts in a stressed fish assemblage: Consequences of a bivalve invasion in the San Francisco Estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE feeding ecology; tidal marsh; Potamocorbula amurensis; Mysidae; alien species ID MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; LAKE; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; INDEXES; ECOLOGY; MARSH AB We compared dietary patterns within a temperate estuarine fish assemblage (Suisun Marsh, CA, U. S. A.) during a period of high mysid shrimp abundance and after a major decline in mysid abundance caused by the invasion of the overbite clam Potamocorbula amurensis. Prior to the invasion, high dietary overlap, high stomach fullness, and low niche breadth occurred among the fishes in spring when mysid populations were high. Dietary overlaps decreased and niche breadth increased for all species but the endemic splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus in fall when mysid populations were low. Eight native species exhibited lower overall collective overlaps and fuller stomachs than five alien species, suggesting more efficient resource partitioning. After mysid abundance declined, only alien striped bass Morone saxatilis preyed upon mysids in greater than trace amounts. An alien mysid became an important prey for small striped bass, but striped bass also switched to piscivory at a smaller size than when mysids were abundant. Eight of 13 species exhibited significant declines in abundance during the study period, which were concordant with the original importance of mysids in their diets. Our results suggest that altered lower food web dynamics in the San Francisco Estuary caused by the invasion of the overbite clam changed fish diets and have contributed to declines in fish abundance. C1 Calif Dept Water Resources, Aquat Ecol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Interagcy Ecol Program, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Aquat Ecol Sect, 3251 S St, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. NR 35 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1023/A:1025839132274 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724AF UT WOS:000185463400007 ER PT J AU Kommineni, S Ela, WP Arnold, RG Huling, SG Hester, BJ Betterton, EA AF Kommineni, S Ela, WP Arnold, RG Huling, SG Hester, BJ Betterton, EA TI NDMA treatment by sequential GAC adsorption and Fenton-driven destruction SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NDMA; granular-activated carbon; GAC regeneration; Fenton reaction ID NICKEL-ENHANCED IRON; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GRANULAR IRON; DEGRADATION; CONTAMINANTS; DESORPTION; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION AB N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a highly toxic environmental contaminant that was first detected in groundwater tainted by rocket fuel manufacturing wastes. NDMA is also a byproduct of certain industrial processes including the chlorination of treated water and wastewater. Water treatment by carbon adsorption is costly because NDMA partitions only sparingly to carbon and frequent carbon replacement or regeneration is required. If activated carbon could be regenerated cheaply and quickly in place, NDMA adsorption on carbon, an easily implemented technology, could become attractive. In this study, the feasibility of adsorbing NDMA onto carbon followed by in-place carbon regeneration using Fenton's reagent was assessed. Batch and column tests indicated that the concentration of sorbed NDMA can be lowered to nondetectable levels in hours using reasonable hydrogen peroxide and iron concentrations. Three-log destruction of sorbed NDMA loaded to 1.04 mg NDMA/g carbon was achieved in approximately 12 h. Results of readsorption studies and modified iodine number tests indicated that the aggressive regeneration treatment results in little loss of carbon adsorptive capacity. The destruction efficiency of Fenton's reagents depended on pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration, although little advantage was obtained at very high hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Iron solubility and availability for participation in Fenton's reaction was enhanced by addition of EDTA at near neutral pH, but the NDMA destruction efficiency was greater in a comparable system without the ligand at pH 2. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Phoenix, AZ USA. US EPA, RS Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK USA. Arizona Dept Environm Qual, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Ela, WP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Bldg 72,Room 306 E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 361 EP 373 DI 10.1089/109287503322148636 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 701ZL UT WOS:000184198800010 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, DM AF Schreinemachers, DM TI Birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four US wheat-producing states SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE birth malformations; chlorophenoxy herbicides; congenital anomalies; ecologic studies; endocrine disruption ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; CANCER-MORTALITY; CASE-REFERENT AB Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in the United States and Western Europe for broadleaf weed control in grain farming and park maintenance. Most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the United States is grown in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, with more than 85% of the acreage treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Rates of adverse birth Outcomes in rural, agricultural counties of these states during 1995-1997 were studied by comparing counties with a high proportion of wheat acreage and those with a lower proportion. Information routinely collected and made available by federal agencies was used for this ecologic study. Significant increases in birth malformations were observed for the circulatory/respiratory category for combined sexes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (0), 1.07-2-55]. A stronger effect was observed for the subcategory, which excluded heart malformations (OR = 2.03; 95% Cl, 1.14-3.59). In addition, infants conceived during April-June-the time of herbicide application-had an increased chance of being diagnosed with circulatory/respiratory (excluding heart) malformations compared with births conceived during other months of the year (OR = 1.75; 95% Cl, 1.09-2.80). Musculoskeletal/integumental anomalies increased for combined sexes in the high-wheat counties (OR = 1.50; 95% Cl, 1.06-2.12). Infant death from congenital anomalies significantly increased in high-wheat counties for males (OR = 2.66; 95% Cl, 1.52-4.65) but not for females (OR = 0.48; 95% Cl, 0.20-1.15). These results are especially of concern because of widespread use of chlorophenoxy herbicides. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div,Off Res & Dev, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schreinemachers, DM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div,Off Res & Dev, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 72 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1264 DI 10.1289/ehp.5830 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 715VH UT WOS:000184992700040 PM 12842783 ER PT J AU Wallace, LA Mitchell, H O'Connor, GT Neas, L Lippmann, M Kattan, M Koenig, J Stout, JW Vaughn, BJ Wallace, D Walter, M Adams, K Liu, LJS AF Wallace, LA Mitchell, H O'Connor, GT Neas, L Lippmann, M Kattan, M Koenig, J Stout, JW Vaughn, BJ Wallace, D Walter, M Adams, K Liu, LJS TI Particle concentrations in inner-city homes of children with asthma: The effect of smoking, cooking, and outdoor pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE continuous monitors; environmental tobacco smoke; gravimetric measurements; indoor air; MIE pDR; optical scattering; PM10; PM2.5 ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; FINE PARTICLES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; INDOOR; SEATTLE; BALTIMORE; MATTER; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB inner-city children have high rates of asthma. Exposures to particles, including allergens, may cause or exacerbate asthma symptoms. As part of an epidemiologic study of inner-city children with asthma, continuous (10-min average) measurements of particle concentrations were made for 2-week periods in 294 homes drawn from seven cities. Measurements were made using an optical scattering device that is most sensitive to fine particles. The concentrations recorded by these devices were corrected to agree with colocated outdoor gravimetric PM2.5 monitors. Indoor concentrations in the homes averaged 27.7 (standard deviation = 35.9) mug/m(3), compared with concurrent outdoor concentrations of 13.6 (7.5) mug/m(3). A multivariate model indicated that outdoor particles penetrated indoors with an efficiency of 0.48 and were therefore responsible for only 25% of the mean indoor concentration. The major indoor source was smoking, which elevated indoor concentrations by 37 mug/m(3) in the 10 1 homes with smokers. Other significant sources included frying, smoky cooking events, use of incense, and apartment housing, although the increases due to these events ranged only from 3 to 6 mug/m(3). The 10-min averaging time allowed calculation of an average diurnal variation, showing large increases in the evening due to smoking and smaller increases at meal times due to cooking. Most of the observed variance in indoor concentrations was day to day, with roughly similar contributions to the variance from visit to visit and home to home within a city and only a small contribution made by variance among cities. The small variation among cities and the similarity across cities of the observed indoor air particle distributions suggest that sources of indoor concentrations do not vary considerably from one city to the next, and thus that simple models can predict indoor air concentrations in cities having only outdoor measurements. C1 US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wallace, LA (reprint author), US EPA, 11568 Woodhollow Ct, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI O'Connor, George/0000-0002-6476-3926; Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39761, AI-39769, AI-39776, AI-39785, AI-39789, AI-39900, AI-39901, AI-39902] NR 46 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 33 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1265 EP 1272 DI 10.1289/ehp.6135 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 715VH UT WOS:000184992700041 PM 12842784 ER PT J AU Impellitteri, CA Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA AF Impellitteri, CA Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA TI Sorption of arsenate and arsenite on RuO2 center dot xH(2)O: A spectroscopic and macroscopic study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AMORPHOUS IRON HYDROXIDE; ZEROVALENT IRON; ARSENIC(III) OXIDATION; SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; ADSORPTION; REMOVAL; KINETICS; GOETHITE; SURFACE AB The sorption reactions of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(Ill)) on RuO2.xH(2)O were examined using macroscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Constant solid:solution isotherms were constructed from batch sorption experiments and sorption kinetics assessed at pH 7. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to elucidate the solid-state speciation of sorbed As. At all pH values studied (pH 4-8), RuO2.xH(2)O showed a high affinity for As regardless of the initial As species present. Sorption was higher at all pH values when the initial As species was As(III). Oxidation of As(III) (250 mg/L solution) to As(V) was virtually complete (98-100%) within 5 s. XANES results showed the presence of only As(V) on the RuO2.xH(2)O regardless of the initial As oxidation state. There was no change in the As oxidation state on the solid phase for 4 weeks in both oxic and anoxic environments. It is speculated that changes in the RuO2.xH(2)O structure, due to oxidation reactions, caused the higher total As sorption capacity when As(III) was the initial species. The As sorption capacity of RuO2.xH(2)O is greater than that of other metal oxides reviewed in this study. The ability of RuO2.xH(2)O to rapidly oxidize As(III) is much greater than other oxides, such as MnO2. C1 US EPA, ORD, LRPCD, RCB, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Impellitteri, CA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, LRPCD, RCB, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 13 BP 2936 EP 2940 DI 10.1021/es026423d PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697ZT UT WOS:000183973700034 PM 12875397 ER PT J AU Picut, CA Aoyama, H Holder, JW Gold, LS Maronpot, RR Dixon, D AF Picut, CA Aoyama, H Holder, JW Gold, LS Maronpot, RR Dixon, D TI Bromoethane, chloroethane and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays: pathology and incidence data revisited SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethylene oxide; bromoethane; chloroethane; ethyl chloride; ethyl bromide; epigenetic; glutathione conjugation; Estrogen Receptor (ER); uterine cancer; animal cancer test; mouse uterus ID SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARCINOGENS; METABOLISM; CHLORIDE AB Chloroethane, bromoethane and ethylene oxide represent a unique set of chemicals that induce endometrial neoplasms in the uterus of B6C3F1 mice following an inhalation route of exposure. The results of the NTP's chronic bioassays with these three compounds resulted in an unusually high incidence of uterine epithelial neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice (chloroethane 86%, bromoethane 56%) and a lower incidence for ethylene oxide (10%). The uterine neoplasms were classified as adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas for bromoethane, and as adenocarcinomas for both chloroethane and ethylene oxide. The adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were invasive into the myometrium and the serosa, and metastasized to a wide variety of organs. Metastatic sites included most commonly the lung, lymph nodes, and ovary at unusually high rates of metastases (79% for chloroethane and 38% for bromoethane). Because of the dramatically high rates of uterine neoplasms (induced by chemicals given by the inhalation route) and metastases, a re-evaluation of the pathology and incidence data was undertaken. The earlier results were confirmed. The mechanism of uterine carcinogenesis by chloroethane, bromoethane and ethylene oxide is unclear. C1 NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Biotech Inc, Hillsborough, NC USA. Inst Environm Toxicol, Lab Reprod Toxicol, Ibaraki, Japan. Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dixon, D (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, DHHS, POB 12233,MDC2-09, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-AC-03-76FO0098]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO1896] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1078/0940-2993-00303 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 712PG UT WOS:000184805600001 PM 12940622 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT McKane, RB Olszyk, DM Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT Lee, EH AF Tingey, DT McKane, RB Olszyk, DM Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT Lee, EH TI Elevated CO2 and temperature alter nitrogen allocation in Douglas-fir SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allocation; climate change; CO2; principle carbon constituents; Pseudotsuga menziesii; temperature ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SEASONAL PATTERNS; LEAF NITROGEN; WATER-STRESS; SCOTS PINE; SEEDLINGS; RESPIRATION; PLANT AB The effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on principal carbon constituents (PCC) and C and N allocation between needle, woody (stem and branches) and root tissue of Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco seedlings were determined. The seedlings were grown in sun-lit controlled-environment chambers that contained a native soil. Chambers were controlled to reproduce ambient or ambient +180 ppm CO2 and either ambient temperature or ambient +3.5 degreesC for 4 years. There were no significant CO2 x temperature interactions; consequently the data are presented for the CO2 and temperature effects. At the final harvest, elevated CO2 decreased the nonpolar fraction of the PCC and increased the polar fraction and amount of sugars in the needles. In contrast, elevated temperature increased the nonpolar fraction of the PCC and decreased sugars in needles. There were no CO2 or temperature effects on the PCC fractions in the woody tissue or root tissue. Elevated CO2 and temperature had no significant effects on the C content of any of the plant tissues or fractions. In contrast, the foliar N content declined under elevated CO2 and increased under elevated temperature; there were no significant effects in other tissues. The changes in the foliar N concentrations were in the cellulose and lignin fractions, the fractions, which contain protein, and are the consequences of changes in N allocation under the treatments. These results indicate reallocation of N among plant organs to optimize C assimilation, which is mediated via changes in the selectivity of Rubisco and carbohydrate modulation of gene expression. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1038 EP 1050 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00646.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694VX UT WOS:000183796800006 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Puls, RW Sewell, GW AF Wilkin, RT Puls, RW Sewell, GW TI Long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers using zero-valent iron: Geochemical and microbiological effects SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CHROMATE REDUCTION; SULFATE REDUCTION; ZEROVALENT IRON; FATTY-ACID; GROUNDWATER; REMEDIATION; COLUMNS; PRECIPITATION; CORROSION; SEDIMENTS AB Geochemical and microbiological factors that control long-term performance of subsurface permeable reactive barriers were evaluated at the Elizabeth City, North Carolina, and the Denver Federal Center, Colorado, sites. These ground water treatment systems use zero-valent iron filings (Peerless Metal Powders Inc.) to intercept and remediate chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds at the Denver Federal Center (funnel-and-gate system) and overlapping plumes of hexavalent chromium and chlorinated hydrocarbons at Elizabeth City (continuous wall system). Zero-valent iron at both sites is a long-term sink for carbon, sulfur, calcium, silicon, nitrogen, and magnesium. After about four years of operation, the average rates of inorganic carbon (IC) and sulfur (S) accumulation are 0.09 and 0.02 kg/m(2)/year, respectively, at Elizabeth City where upgradient waters contain <400 mg/L of total dissolved solids (TDS). At the Denver Federal Center site, upgradient ground water contains 1000 to 1200 mg/L TDS and rates of IC and S accumulation are as high as 2.16 and 0.80 kg/m(2)/year, respectively. At both sites, consistent patterns of spatially variable mineral precipitation and microbial activity are observed. Mineral precipitates and microbial biomass accumulate the fastest near the upgradient aquifer-Fe-0 interface. Maximum net reductions in porosity due to the accumulation of sulfur and inorganic carbon precipitates range from 0.032 at Elizabeth City to 0.062 at the Denver Federal Center (gate 2) after about four years. Although pore space has been lost due the accumulation of authigenic components, neither site shows evidence of pervasive pore clogging after four years of operation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 35 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 61 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02383.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 697XJ UT WOS:000183968300014 PM 12873012 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI 26th Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture: Developing mechanistic data for incorporation into cancer and genetic risk assessments: Old problems and new approaches SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE NCRP; cancer; genetic effects; radiation; analysis, risk ID CHROMATID ABERRATION INDUCTION; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; METHYL METHANESULFONATE; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; IONIZING-RADIATIONS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRAND BREAKS; DNA; SENSITIVITY; BLEOMYCIN C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1097/00004032-200307000-00003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 691JT UT WOS:000183603400003 PM 12852465 ER PT J AU Sofuoglu, SC Lebowitz, MD O'Rourke, MK Robertson, GL Dellarco, M Moschandreas, DJ AF Sofuoglu, SC Lebowitz, MD O'Rourke, MK Robertson, GL Dellarco, M Moschandreas, DJ TI Exposure and risk estimates for Arizona drinking water SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LEAD LEVELS AB As part of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey, a multistage sampling was used to estimate and compare exposures and risks associated with drinking water for two groups-the population of Arizona and that of border communities. There had been some concern that the border communities' exposures would be higher than those of other parts of the state because of their proximity to Mexico, where environmental quality may not be as high a priority as it is in the United States. The two study populations were further categorized by gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, and building structure type and year of construction. For these subgroups, the study estimated and compared risks for arsenic, 1,3-butadiene, chloroform, chromium, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, lead, nickel, and toluene. For almost all of the sample subjects, residue concentrations were below the drinking water guideline values of both Arizona and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Of the metals studied, arsenic was the only one with a population carcinogenic risk above the acceptable level of 1.0E-6. Contrary to expressed concerns, average daily exposures and associated risks were estimated to be smaller in the border communities than in the Arizona population. For utilities, one finding deserving further study was that risks from tap water were estimated to be greater than risks from nontap water. Further research may be warranted to uncover the causes for these elevated risks. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Moschandreas, DJ (reprint author), IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 10 W 33rd St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 95 IS 7 BP 67 EP + PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 701XR UT WOS:000184194700010 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, GM Pierzynski, GM Oehme, FW Sonmez, O Ryan, JA AF Hettiarachchi, GM Pierzynski, GM Oehme, FW Sonmez, O Ryan, JA TI Treatment of contaminated soil with phosphorus and manganese oxide reduces lead absorption by Sprague-Dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU STABILIZATION; WASTE LEAD; BIOAVAILABILITY; HYDROXYAPATITE; CHLOROPYROMORPHITE; PB; ORTHOPHOSPHATES; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILITY; RETENTION AB This study was conducted to determine the extent of Pb absorption into young rats (Rattus norvegicus var. Sprague-Dawley) fed untreated Pb-contaminated soil or Pb-contaminated soil treated with two different sources of P and P + Mn oxide. Data were compared from an in vitro, physiologically based extraction test (PBET) with the animal data to support the validity of the in vitro test to assess bioavailable Pb from a treated Pb-contaminated soil. Soil with a total Pb concentration of 2290 mg kg(-1) was used. Rats were fed 19 different test diets for 21 consecutive days. The test diets represented 95 g AIN93G rat meal kg(-1) diet with varying proportions of silica sand or soil to provide low, medium, or high doses of Pb from either Pb acetate, treated, or untreated soil. Blood, liver, kidney, and bone Pb concentrations were examined. For all four tissues, Pb concentrations for the Pb acetate groups were significantly higher than concentrations for all the soil groups. In general, either triple superphosphate (TSP) or phosphate rock (PR) treatments resulted in significant reductions in tissue Ph concentrations compared with untreated soil. Blood and kidney Pb concentrations for the PR + Mn oxide group were significantly lower than those of the PR group at the low and high doses. Relative bioavailability of pb, as measured in all tissues, was significantly reduced when comparing untreated with amended soil. Correlation between the in vitro and in vivo tests, based on bone and liver tissue, showed that the in vitro test is successful at predicting Ph bioavailability. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Comparat Toxicol Labs, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Hettiarachchi, GM (reprint author), Univ Peradeniya, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. RI Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1335 EP 1345 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700EN UT WOS:000184099800020 PM 12931889 ER PT J AU Sechena, R Liao, S Lorenzana, R Nakano, C Polissar, N Fenske, R AF Sechena, R Liao, S Lorenzana, R Nakano, C Polissar, N Fenske, R TI Asian American and Pacific Islander seafood consumption - a community-based study in King County, Washington SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seafood consumption; Asian American and Pacific Islanders; community-university partnerships; fish; shellfish ID JAPANESE-AMERICAN; KOREAN-AMERICANS; FOOD-HABITS; FISH; CALIFORNIA; REFUGEES; PATTERNS; BAY AB This paper describes and quantifies seafood consumption rates, and acquisition and preparation habits of 202 first-and second-generation Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) from 10 ethnic groups (Cambodian, Chinese, Filipino, Hmong, Japanese, Korean, Laotian, Mien, Samoan, and Vietnamese) in King County, Washington in 1997. Participants were all seafood consumers. Average and median seafood consumption rates were 117.2 and 89 g/day, respectively, based on the average body weight (62 kg) of participants. Shellfish comprised 45.9% and "all finfish'' 43.3% of all seafood consumed. Consumption rates varied significantly between ethnic groups with Vietnamese (2.63 g/kg/day) and Japanese (2.18 g/kg/day) having the highest average consumption rates, and Mien (0.58 g/kg/day) and Hmong (0.59 g/kg/day) the lowest. The most frequently consumed finfish and invertebrates were salmon (93% of respondents), tuna (86%), shrimp (98%), crab (96%), and squid (82%). Fish fillets were eaten with the skin 55%, and the head, bones, eggs, and/or other organs 20% of the time. Crabmeat including the hepatopancreas (accumulates lipophilic chemicals such as organochlorine compounds) was consumed 43% of the time. This paper was a product of a Community-University Partnership. Community guidance in study design and data collection was essential for successful participation by the AAPI Community. Data reported here not only will provide risk assessors with AAPI-specific seafood consumption rates but with insights into cultural consumption/acquisition habits that may alter risk assessment assumptions for the AAPI Community. C1 US EPA, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, NIEHS, Ctr Ecogenet & Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Statpro Consultants, Seattle, WA USA. Refugee Federat Serv Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Mt Whisper Light Stat Consulting, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lorenzana, R (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10, 1200 6th Ave,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500274 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 702KZ UT WOS:000184224200002 PM 12923552 ER PT J AU McCurdy, T Graham, SE AF McCurdy, T Graham, SE TI Using human activity data in exposure models: Analysis of discriminating factors SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cross-sectional data; exposure modeling; human activity data; indoor time; longitudinal data; outdoor time; motor vehicle time ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PATTERNS; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LABELED WATER MEASUREMENTS; FREE-LIVING CONDITIONS; RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY; FOLLOW-UP; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; AFFLUENT SOCIETIES; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB This paper tests factors thought to be important in explaining the choices people make in where they spend time. Three aggregate locations are analyzed: outdoors, indoors, and in-vehicles for two different sample groups: a year-long (longitudinal) sample of one individual and a cross-sectional sample of 169 individuals from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD). The cross-sectional sample consists of persons similar to the longitudinal subject in terms of age, work status, education, and residential type. The sample groups are remarkably similar in the time spent per day in the tested locations, although there are differences in participation rates: the percentage of days frequenting a particular location. Time spent outdoors exhibits the most relative variability of any location tested, with in-vehicle time being the next. The factors found to be most important in explaining daily time usage in both sample groups are: season of the year, season/temperature combinations, precipitation levels, and day-type (work/nonwork is the most distinct, but weekday/weekend is also significant). Season, season/temperature, and day-type are also important for explaining time spent indoors. None of the variables tested are consistent in explaining in-vehicle time in either the cross-sectional or longitudinal samples. Given these findings, we recommend that exposure modelers subdivide their population activity data into at least season/temperature, precipitation, and day-type "cohorts'' as these factors are important discriminating variables affecting where people spend their time. C1 US EPA, Exposure Modeling Res Branch, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP McCurdy, T (reprint author), US EPA, Exposure Modeling Res Branch, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, E205-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 115 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 294 EP 317 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500281 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 702KZ UT WOS:000184224200006 PM 12923556 ER PT J AU Wool, TA Davie, SR Rodriguez, HN AF Wool, TA Davie, SR Rodriguez, HN TI Development of three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality models to support total maximum daily load decision process for the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE North Carolina; three-dimensional models; estuaries; water quality; nutrients AB The Neuse River Estuary was included on the North Carolina Department of Water Quality 303(d) list for nutrients, and was scheduled for total maximum daily load (TMDL) development by spring of 2001. The water quality target of the TMDL was determined by the state to be the chlorophyll-a concentrations in the estuary. EPA Region 4 partnered with the State of North Carolina to provide technical assistance and guidance for nutrient TMDL development in the Neuse River Estuary. The goal was the development of hydrodynamic and water quality models that are sufficient to simulate the complex circulation and water quality kinetics within the system, including salinity and temperature stratification, wind driven seiching, dissolved oxygen stratification, and longitudinal and lateral variations in nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations. A three-dimensional, hydrodynamic, and water quality model was developed in the estuary from Maw Point at the Pamlico Sound boundary, to upstream at Streets Ferry Bridge above New Bern, North Carolina. The complex three-dimensional hydrodynamics of the Neuse estuary were modeled using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC). EFDC was applied with water surface elevation forcing at the downstream boundary, freshwater inflows at the upstream boundaries, and wind over the water surface of the modeled domain. Water surface elevation, flows, currents, salinity, and temperature were simulated using EFDC. The U.S. EPA Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP6) was applied for the water quality portion of the model. The eutrophication model of WASP was used to simulate the complex nutrient transport and cycling in the estuary. The purpose of the water quality model is to predict a response in chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen concentrations as a function of nutrient loadings and transport throughout the Neuse River Estuary. The model was used to evaluate various loading scenarios and the impact on water quality within the "use support" areas within the 303(d) listed segments. The hydrodynamic and water quality models were calibrated for 1998 and confirmed for 1999 and 2000. A comparison of the model simulations with the extensive dataset shows that the models are accurately simulating the longitudinal/seasonal distribution of the hydrodynamics, mass transport, and water quality. The water quality model was used to evaluate TMDL scenarios. C1 US EPA, Water Management Div, Atlanta Fed Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. RP Wool, TA (reprint author), US EPA, Water Management Div, Atlanta Fed Ctr, 61 Forsyth St,Region 4, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 74 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 129 IS 4 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:4(295) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 692JN UT WOS:000183658100007 ER PT J AU Brewer, L Fairbrother, A Clark, J Amick, D AF Brewer, L Fairbrother, A Clark, J Amick, D TI Acute toxicity of lead, steel, and an iron-tungsten-nickel shot to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; lead shot; mallard; nontoxic shot ID DIETARY NICKEL; BLACK DUCKS; INGESTION; SWANS AB Twenty mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes were dosed by oral gavage with Heavy-Shot(TM) (H-S; Environ-Metal, Inc., Sweet Home, Oregon, USA) pellets, 20 with steel shot, and 10 with lead (Pb) pellets, all of equal size. All pellets were fired from a shotgun into an absorbent material, retrieved, and weighed prior to introduction into the ducks. Birds were fed whole kernel corn and grit and observed for signs of toxicity for 30 days following dosing. Hevi-Shot pellets lost an average of 6.2% of their mass and steel shot pellets lost 57% of their mass in the birds' gizzards. Almost all (90%) of the Pb shot dosed birds died before the end of the study, while no mortality was observed in the steel or H-S dosed groups. Even though total food consumption differed between the H-S and steel shot groups, mean bird weight change was not different. There were no significant morphologic or histopathologic abnormalities of the liver and kidney in the H-S and steel shot groups. Results indicated that mallards dosed orally with eight No. 4 H-S pellets were not adversely affected over a 30-day period, and that H-S provides another environmentally safe nontoxic shot for use in waterfowl hunting. C1 EBA Inc, Snow Camp, NC 27349 USA. Environ Met, Sweet Home, OR 97386 USA. Parametrix Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Fairbrother, A (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 638 EP 648 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723YM UT WOS:000185459200018 PM 14567226 ER PT J AU Linak, WP Miller, CA Santoianni, DA King, CJ Shinagawa, T Wendt, JOL Yoo, JI Seo, YC AF Linak, WP Miller, CA Santoianni, DA King, CJ Shinagawa, T Wendt, JOL Yoo, JI Seo, YC TI Formation of fine particles from residual oil combustion: Reducing nuclei through the addition of inorganic sorbent SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ultrafine particles; heavy metals; fuel oil combustion; particle size distribution; sorbent ID WASTE INCINERATION PROCESSES; VOLATILITY CALCULATIONS; FLY-ASH; THERMODYNAMICS; OXYHYDROXIDES; MECHANISMS; EMISSIONS; CAPTURE AB The potential use of sorbents to manage emissions of ultrafine metal nuclei from residual oil combustion was investigated by using an 82-kW-rated laboratory-scale refractory-lined combustor. Without sorbent addition, baseline measurements of the fly ash particle size distribution (PSD) and chemical composition indicate that most of the metals contained in the residual oil form ultrafine particles (similar to0.1 mum diameter). These results are consistent with particle formation via mechanisms of ash vaporization and subsequent particle nucleation and growth. Equilibrium calculations predict metal vaporization at flame temperatures and were used to define regions above the dew point for the major metal constituents (iron [Fe], nickel [Ni], vanadium [V], and zinc [Zn]) where vapor-phase metal and solid-phase sorbents could interact. The addition of dispersed kaolinite powder resulted in an approximate 35% reduction in the ultrafine nuclei as determined by changes to the PSDs as well as the size-dependent chemical composition. C1 Yonsei Univ, YIEST, Dept Environm Engn, Wonju 220710, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Seo, YC (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, YIEST, Dept Environm Engn, Wonju 220710, South Korea. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN INST CHEM ENGINEERS PI SEOUL PA #307 REGENT RIVER VIEW OFFICE, 547-8 KUI-DONG SUNGDONG-KU, SEOUL 133-200, SOUTH KOREA SN 0256-1115 J9 KOREAN J CHEM ENG JI Korean J. Chem. Eng. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 664 EP 669 DI 10.1007/BF02706905 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 708FB UT WOS:000184555600011 ER PT J AU Wright, H AF Wright, H TI Stillness. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, AWBERC Lib, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wright, H (reprint author), US EPA, AWBERC Lib, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 128 IS 12 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 696VL UT WOS:000183908200332 ER PT J AU Keohavong, P Lan, Q Gao, WM DeMarini, DM Mass, MJ Li, XM Roop, BC Weissfeld, J Tian, D Mumford, JL AF Keohavong, P Lan, Q Gao, WM DeMarini, DM Mass, MJ Li, XM Roop, BC Weissfeld, J Tian, D Mumford, JL TI K-ras mutations in lung carcinomas from nonsmoking women exposed to unvented coal smoke in China SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; ras oncogene; coal combustion; nonsmoking women; sputum ID XUAN-WEI; INDOOR COAL; COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; CANCER MORTALITY; GENE-MUTATIONS; ADENOCARCINOMA; KRAS; P53 AB Lung cancer mortality rate in nonsmoking women in Xuan Wei (XW) County is the highest in China. The XW lung cancer rate is associated with exposure to coat smoke, containing high concentrations of polycyctic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in unvented homes. Here we investigated codon 12 K-ras mutations in lung tumors or sputum samples from 102 XW lung cancer patients (41 nonsmoking women and 61 smoking men). In addition, we analyzed specimens from 50 lung cancer patients (14 nonsmoking women, 33 smoking men and three nonsmoking men), from Beijing and Henan (BEtH), where natural gas is the main domestic fuel. K-ras mutations were found in nine women (21.9%) and 14 men (22.9%) from XW, with G to T transversions accounting for 66.7 and 85.7%, respectively. Among B&H patients, one woman (7.1%) and six men (16.7%) had K-ras mutations, with G to T transversions accounting for 66.7% of the mutations in the men. Therefore, the frequency and type of K-ras mutations in XW nonsmoking women are similar to those of K-ras mutations found in both XW and B&H smoking men. On the other hand, the mutation frequency in XW women is higher than, although not statistically significant from, that in the BEtH nonsmoking women (P = 0.28, two-sided Fisher's Exact Test). These results suggest an association between exposure to coal smoke and the increased K-ras mutation frequency in XW nonsmoking female lung cancer patients. They also suggest that the mutagens and/or mechanisms of mutations in these nonsmoking women are similar to those responsible for K-ras mutations in cigarette smoking lung cancer patients, which are probably induced largely by chemicals such as PAHs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Lung Canc Basic Res Program, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Keohavong, P (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 3343 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. OI Keohavong, Phouthone/0000-0001-7812-4925 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00125-9 PG 7 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 699NY UT WOS:000184063900003 PM 12826308 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC O'Callaghan, JP Cohn, J AF MacPhail, RC O'Callaghan, JP Cohn, J TI Acquisition, steady-state performance, and the effects of trimethyltin on the operant behavior and hippocampal GFAP of Long-Evans and Fischer 344 rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steady-state performance; trimethyltin; glial fibrillary acidic protein; strain differences ID MULTIPLE REPEATED ACQUISITION; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE; FIXED-INTERVAL; GENETIC-FACTORS; 2 STRAINS; SCHEDULE; MICE; TOXICOLOGY; EXPOSURE AB Strain differences represent an overlooked variable that may play an important role in neurotoxic outcomes that can impact regulatory decision making. Here, we examined the strain-dependent effects of trimethyltin (TMT), a compound used as a positive control for behavioral and neurochemical assessments of neurotoxicity. Adult male Long-Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats (n = 12 each) were trained to respond under a multiple, fixed-interval 3-min fixed-ratio 10-response (multi FI 3-min FR10) schedule of milk reinforcement. Acquisition was characterized by time-dependent changes in several behavioral endpoints in both strains, although rate of acquisition of the fixed-interval pattern of responding was slower in F344 rats. Steady-state (baseline) performance was characterized by slower overall rates of responding in F344 rats. There was little evidence of strain differences in many of the other baseline performance measures. Rats of each strain were then divided into two equal groups that received either 1 ml/kg saline or 8.0 mg/kg iv TMT approximately 18 h before the next test session. TMT produced transient changes in the performance of LE and F344 rats that lasted for several sessions. For many behavioral measures, F344 rats were more affected by TMT than were LE rats. TMT-induced reactive gliosis, as assessed by assaying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was also greater in F344 rats than in LE rats. These results suggest F344 rats may be more susceptible to TMT-induced neurotoxicity than are LE rats. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Clin Dev Med Affairs Psychiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, TMBB, HELD, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(03)00012-6 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 693AU UT WOS:000183693100007 PM 12798965 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Gregg, JW AF Phillips, DL Gregg, JW TI Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; mixing model; source partitioning ID MIXING MODELS; LEAD; DELTA-C-13; AEROSOLS; COASTAL; TRACERS; RATIOS; FLOW; DIET AB Stable isotopes are increasingly being used as tracers in environmental studies. One application is to use isotopic ratios to quantitatively determine the proportional contribution of several sources to a mixture, such as the proportion of various pollution sources in a waste stream. In general, the proportional contributions of n+1 different sources can be uniquely determined by the use of n different isotope system tracers (e.g., delta(13)C, delta(15)N, delta(18)O) with linear mixing models based on mass balance equations. Often, however, the number of potential sources exceeds n+1, which prevents finding a unique solution of source proportions. What can be done in these situations? While no definitive solution exists, we propose a method that is informative in determining bounds for the contributions of each source. In this method, all possible combinations of each source contribution (0-100%) are examined in small increments (e.g., 1%). Combinations that sum to the observed mixture isotopic signatures within a small tolerance (e.g., +/-0.1parts per thousand) are considered to be feasible solutions, from which the frequency and range of potential source contributions can be determined. To avoid misrepresenting the results, users of this procedure should report the distribution of feasible solutions rather than focusing on a single value such as the mean. We applied this method to a variety of environmental studies in which stable isotope tracers were used to quantify the relative magnitude of multiple sources, including (1) plant water use, (2) geochemistry, (3) air pollution, and (4) dietary analysis. This method gives the range of isotopically determined source contributions; additional non-isotopic constraints specific to each study may be used to further restrict this range. The breadth of the isotopically determined ranges depends on the geometry of the mixing space and the similarity of source and mixture isotopic signatures. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated ranges vary only modestly with different choices of source increment and mass balance tolerance parameter values. A computer program (IsoSource) to perform these calculations for user-specified data is available at http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/models.htm. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 18 TC 942 Z9 1036 U1 37 U2 340 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2003 VL 136 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1218-3 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700BJ UT WOS:000184092500011 PM 12759813 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Buck, GM Weiner, JM Mendola, P AF Lobdell, DT Buck, GM Weiner, JM Mendola, P TI Using commercial telephone directories to obtain a population-based sample for mail survey of women of reproductive age SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE RATES; INCENTIVES; QUESTIONNAIRES; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; IMPACT AB In the United States, sampling women of reproductive age from the general population for research purposes is a challenge. Even more difficult is conducting a population-based study of couples attempting pregnancy to assess fecundity and fertility or related impairments. To address the problem of obtaining representative samples from the population in order to study such health-related issues, a commercially and readily available CD-ROM telephone directory was used and tested as a sampling framework for studies aimed at enrolling gravid women aged 18-44 years. A self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) was mailed to a stratified random sample of 10 005 (3%) households in Erie County, NY, USA. Overall, 17% of the questionnaires were undeliverable despite updating all addresses with residential software before mailing. Thirteen per cent (n = 1089) of the households returned completed questionnaires, of which 35% (n = 377) were completed by women aged 18-44 years. Using 1990 census information for zip code, respondents were more likely to be white and to have higher median household incomes than non-respondents. Of the 377 women who completed the questionnaire, 79% had been pregnant at least once, 5% reported being unable to become pregnant, and 16% reporting never trying to become pregnant. Despite the overall low response to the SAQ, the sampling framework captured a diverse group of women of reproductive age who reported various fecundity and fertility outcomes. The use of low-cost commercially available software linked to census data for selecting samples of women or couples for reproductive and perinatal research may be possible; however, oversampling of households, use of incentives and follow-up of non-respondents is needed to ensure adequate sample sizes. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Lobdell, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844; Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00502.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 701GB UT WOS:000184158900011 PM 12839542 ER PT J AU Leblond, JD Evens, TJ Chapman, PJ AF Leblond, JD Evens, TJ Chapman, PJ TI The biochemistry of dinoflagellate lipids, with particular reference to the fatty acid and sterol composition of a Karenia brevis bloom SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOTOINHIBITION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; OCTADECAPENTAENOIC ACID; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; MARINE MICROALGAE; EPIPHYTIC DINOFLAGELLATE AB The harmful marine dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae), frequently forms large toxic blooms in the waters off the west coast of Florida (USA) and is responsible for massive fish kills and public health concerns. Despite decades of field studies on this organism, no investigation has yet characterized the lipid composition of a K. brevis bloom. To address this lack of information, samples from a 1999 K. brevis bloom from the north-west Florida coast were analysed for their fatty acid and sterol composition. Fatty acids found in different lipid fractions containing membrane phospholipids, chloroplast-associated glycolipids or storage triglycerides differed significantly. The glycolipid fraction was found to contain octadecapentaenoic acid [18:5(n-3)], a fatty acid commonly associated with dinoflagellates. The phospholipid fraction was found to contain small amounts of two recently described, highly unsaturated fatty acids, octacosaoctaenoic acid [28:8(n-3)] and octacosaheptaenoic acid [28:7(n-6)]. Fatty acids from the triglyceride fraction were more abundant than those associated with glycolipids or phospholipids. Sterols were found mainly as free sterols and were dominated by two compounds, (24S)4alpha-methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-3beta-ol and its 27-nor derivative. The lipid composition of these samples very closely resembles laboratory-grown cultures of K. brevis and serves to provide an in situ field validation of past laboratory examinations of this organism. The implications of our data are discussed in the context of the physiological autecology of K. brevis, in the form of a minireview on the biochemistry of dinoflagellate lipids, as studied in both the laboratory and the environment. C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Leblond, JD (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM jleblond@mtsu.edu NR 97 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 15 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.2216/i0031-8884-42-4-324.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 719ZH UT WOS:000185234800002 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Ostby, JS Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, AK Ostby, JS Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE TI An environmental antiandrogen, vinclozolin, alters the organization of play behavior SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE vinclozolin; play; environmental ID SOCIAL PLAY; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; MALE-RAT; TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; JUVENILE RATS; FEMALE RATS; ANDROGEN; MASCULINIZATION AB During mammalian sexual differentiation, the androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are critical for the organization of the male phenotype. In rats, play behavior is sexually dimorphic. Administration of exogenous androgens during the perinatal period results in masculine-like play behavior of juveniles. Recently, there has been increasing concern about the potential for environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to alter sexual differentiation in mammals. One such EDC is the fungicide and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, vinclozolin. We tested whether developmental exposure to an EDC could alter androgen-dependent behaviors such as play. To examine this possibility, neonatal male rats were injected from Postnatal Days (PND) 2 to 3 with corn oil, pharmacological antiandrogen flutamide (50 mg/kg/day) or vinclozolin (200 mg/kg/day); whereas neonatal females were treated either with corn oil or testosterone propionate (TP, 250 mug/kg/day). At PNDs 36-37, animals were observed for social play. Behaviors associated with general social activity, such as sniffing and dorsal contact, were unaffected by treatment or sex. However, play behavior in males treated with flutamide or vinclozolin was significantly reduced to near-female levels when compared to control males. Play behavior in females exposed to TP during the neonatal period was significantly increased when compared with control females. Hence, this study suggests that perinatal exposure to vinclozolin, an environmental antiandrogen, can alter androgen-dependent behavior, such as play, in the male rat. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Dev Toxicol, Endocrinol Branch,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USEPA, Cooperat Training Agreement, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hotchkiss, AK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, 048a Townshead Hall,1885 Neil Ave Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 79 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00093-3 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 700LU UT WOS:000184114100004 PM 12834785 ER PT J AU Martin, TA Young, DM AF Martin, TA Young, DM TI Correlation of the glass transition temperature of plasticized PVC using a lattice fluid model SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE glass transition temperature; Gibbs-DiMarzio; Sanchez-Lacombe ID POLYMER-DILUENT SYSTEMS; STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; TG; DEPENDENCE; DEPRESSION; BLENDS AB A model has been developed to estimate the glass transition temperature of polymer + plasticizer mixtures (up to 30 wt% plasticizer). The model is based on the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state and the Gibbs-DiMarzio criterion, which states that the entropy of a mixture is zero at the glass transition. The polymers studied included polystyrene and poly(vinyl chloride). The plasticizers studied included a wide range of chemicals from methyl acetate to di-undecyl phthalate. The model qualitatively accounted for the effect of different plasticizers on the mixture glass transition temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Young, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 16 BP 4747 EP 4754 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00446-4 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 701LJ UT WOS:000184168800042 ER PT J AU Degitz, SJ Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Tietge, JE Durhan, EJ Ankley, GT AF Degitz, SJ Holcombe, GW Kosian, PA Tietge, JE Durhan, EJ Ankley, GT TI Comparing the effects of stage and duration of retinoic acid exposure on amphibian limb development: Chronic exposure results in mortality, not limb malformations SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE retinoic acid exposure; amphibian limb development; retinoid signaling pathways; limb malformations ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; RANA-PIPIENS; VITAMIN-A; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; TREMATODE INFECTION; LOCAL APPLICATION; MODEL SYSTEM; REGENERATION; PATTERN; METABOLISM AB Recently, high frequencies of malformations have been reported in amphibians across the United States. It has been suggested that the malformations may be the result of xenobiotic disruption of retinoid signaling pathways during embryogenesis and tadpole development. Therefore, a series of experiments were undertaken to examine life-stage specific effects of continuous retinoid exposure on Xenopus laevis. Continuous all-trans retinoic acid (RA) concentrations were delivered using a column saturator and a flow-through diluter system. Stage 8 embryos were exposed to RA concentrations ranging from 0.013 to 2 mug/l. At the onset of hindlimb bud emergence (NF stage 48), a subset of tadpoles was moved to clean water, and remaining organisms were exposed continuously through metamorphosis. In addition, early limb-bud-stage tadpoles were exposed for 1 week, 2 weeks, or until tail resorption was complete, to eight concentrations of RA in the range of 0.031-3 mug/l. RA exposure resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and dysmorphogenesis in embryos at concentrations of 0.24 mug/l and above. However, this early embryonic exposure did not result in hindlimb abnormalities in surviving tadpoles allowed to mature in clean water. RA did not induce limb malformations in any surviving tadpole exposed during larval stages. We are confident that the concentrations used were high enough, given that the highest concentration used resulted in 100% mortality within 2 weeks of initiating the exposure. This result suggests that other aspects of growth and development, which are not externally obvious, are more sensitive to retinoids than skeletal development. From these experiments and our previous work, we conclude that it is unlikely that retinoid mimics would produce the spectrum of limb malformations which recently have been observed in amphibians collected from the field. C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Degitz, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg098 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 692NG UT WOS:000183666700015 PM 12773776 ER PT J AU Kosian, PA Makynen, EA Ankley, GT Degitz, SJ AF Kosian, PA Makynen, EA Ankley, GT Degitz, SJ TI Uptake and metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid by three native North American ranids SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE all-trans retinoic acid; metabolism; Rana sylvatica; Rana pipiens; Rana clamitans ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; MODEL SYSTEM; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; EMBRYONIC METABOLISM; 9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETICS; GLUCURONIDE; RECEPTORS; TISSUES; RATS AB Retinoids, which are Vitamin A derivatives, are important signaling molecules that regulate processes critical for development in all vertebrates. The objective of our study was to examine uptake and metabolism of the model retinoid, all-trans retinoic acid (all-trans RA), by three native North American anurans, Rana sylvatica, R. pipiens, and R. clamitans. Limb-bud stage tadpoles (stages 26-28) were exposed to all-trans RA concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 ng/ml for 24 h. Water and tissue samples, collected at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h, were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) to characterize aqueous exposure and all-trans RA uptake and metabolism. All-trans RA degraded rapidly in exposure water (i.e., with organisms), with over 70% of the parent compound gone in 4 h and none detected by 24 h. Consistent with this result, tadpoles from the three species showed the greatest accumulation of all-trans RA at 4 h followed by decreasing tissue concentrations at 12 and 24 h. In addition to all-trans RA, several other chromatographic peaks were observed in the tissue extracts indicating metabolism of the retinoid by the tadpoles. Identification of potential metabolites of all-trans RA and endogenous retinoids was conducted by comparing retention times and absorption spectra of available standards (i.e., 4-oxo-all-trans RA, 4-oxo-13-cis RA, 13-cis RA, 9-cis RA, all-trans retinol, all-trans retinal) to those in the tissue extracts. In all three species, all-trans RA was metabolized to 4-oxo-all trans RA and 13-cis RA. The RA isomer, 9-cis RA, was detected in two species,R. sylvatica and R. pipiens. All three species also had measurable levels of vitamin A (all-trans retinol), while the aldehyde form (all-trans retinal) was detected only in R. clamitans. Our results indicate that all-trans RA is rapidly metabolized by these Ranid species to a variety of retinoid derivatives, several of which are known ligands for RA and retinoid receptors, and are capable of activating this signaling transduction pathway. C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Kosian, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg100 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 692NG UT WOS:000183666700016 PM 12730622 ER PT J AU Liu, J Lei, DW Waalkes, MP Beliles, RP Morgan, DL AF Liu, J Lei, DW Waalkes, MP Beliles, RP Morgan, DL TI Genomic analysis of the rat lung following elemental mercury vapor exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mercury vapor inhalation; lung; microarray; gene expression; adaptation ID METALLOTHIONEIN-NULL MICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; INORGANIC MERCURY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; REAL-TIME; TOXICITY; INHALATION; TOXICOLOGY; PROTEIN; KIDNEY AB Elemental mercury (Hg-0) is a highly toxic chemical with increasing public health concern. Although the lung receives the highest exposure to Hg-0 vapor, it is resistant to Hg-0 toxicity relative to the kidney and brain. In an earlier study, exposure of rats to 4 mg Hg-0 vapor/m(3), 2 h per day for 10 days, did not produce pathological alterations in the lung but increased metallothionein and glutathione S-transferase in the kidney. This study was undertaken to examine pulmonary gene expression associated with Hg-0 vapor inhalation. Total RNA was extracted from lung tissues of rats, previously exposed to air or Hg-0 vapor, and subjected to microarray analysis. Hg-0 vapor exposure increased the expression of genes encoding inflammatory responses, such as chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), TNF-receptor-1, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, prostaglandin E2 receptor, and heat-shock proteins. As adaptive responses, glutathione S-transferases (GST-pi, mGST1), metallothionein, and thioredoxin peroxidase were all increased in response to Hg exposure. Some transporters, such as multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), P-glycoprotein, and zinc transporter ZnT1, were also increased in an attempt to reduce pulmonary Hg load. The expression of transcription factor c-jun/AP-1 and PI3-kinases was suppressed, while the expression of protein kinase-C was increased. Expression of epidermal fatty acid-binding protein was also enhanced. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed the microarray results. In summary, genomic analysis revealed an array of gene alterations in response to Hg-0 vapor exposure, which could be important for the development of pulmonary adaptation to Hg during Hg-0 vapor inhalation. C1 NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Oakton, VA USA. Guiyang Med Coll, Guizhou 550004, Peoples R China. RP Morgan, DL (reprint author), NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, MD IF-00, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg091 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 692NG UT WOS:000183666700019 PM 12730625 ER PT J AU Hamm, JT Chen, CY Birnbaum, LS AF Hamm, JT Chen, CY Birnbaum, LS TI A mixture of dioxins, furans, and non-ortho PCBs based upon consensus toxic equivalency factors produces dioxin-like reproductive effects SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PHAH; TCDD; TEF; reproductive development ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; LONG-EVANS RATS; IN-UTERO; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; ANDROGENIC STATUS; RISK ASSESSMENT AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin) and related polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) alter the reproductive development of laboratory animals. Therefore, we exposed animals to a mixture of dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that included TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB169). The mixture composition approximated the relative abundance of these compounds in foodstuff (L. S. Birnbaum and M. J. DeVito, 1995, Toxicology Vol. 105, pp. 391-401). Following the work of Gray et al. with TCDD (1997, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Vol. 146, pp. 11-20), we exposed time-pregnant dams on gestation day (GD) 15 at doses up to 1.0 mug TCDD toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg and the development of offspring was monitored. This mixture significantly increased the time to puberty in both male and female offspring. At postnatal day (PND) 32 seminal vesicle weights were decreased; however, only ventral prostate weight was affected at PND 49 and no effects were seen at PND 63. In female offspring, the mixture caused dose-dependent increases in the incidence of vaginal thread. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was higher than with TCDD the comparable TEQ exposure. Based on the slightly lowered responsiveness to the mixture, we used 2.0 mug TEQ/kg to examine reproductive effects. This dose elicited the responses observed with 1.0 mug TCDD/kg. Results indicate that the mixture causes a similar spectrum of effects seen with TCDD and the slightly lowered degree of response based on administered dose appears to be due to decreased transfer of mixture components to the offspring. Thus, the use of the WHO consensus TEFs (M. Van den Berg et al., 1998, Environ. Health Perspec. 106, 775-792) reasonably predicts the developmental toxicity of this mixture of dioxin-like PHAHs. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Chen, Chia-Yang/0000-0001-5301-1609 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg107 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 692NG UT WOS:000183666700020 PM 12730615 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Costa, DL Moyer, CF Hauser, R Christiani, DC Nyska, A AF Kodavanti, UP Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Costa, DL Moyer, CF Hauser, R Christiani, DC Nyska, A TI Untitled - Reply SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID ZINC METALLOTHIONEIN; INHIBITION; RAT C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div,Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg127 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 692NG UT WOS:000183666700025 ER PT J AU Emery, EB Simon, TP McCormick, FH Angermeier, PL Deshon, JE Yoder, CO Sanders, RE Pearson, WD Hickman, GD Reash, RJ Thomas, JA AF Emery, EB Simon, TP McCormick, FH Angermeier, PL Deshon, JE Yoder, CO Sanders, RE Pearson, WD Hickman, GD Reash, RJ Thomas, JA TI Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FLOW REGULATION; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; HISTORY; QUALITY; WORLD AB The use of fish communities to assess environmental quality is common for streams, but a standard methodology for large rivers is as yet largely undeveloped. We developed an index to assess the condition of fish assemblages along 1,580 km of the Ohio River. Representative samples of fish assemblages were collected from 709 Ohio River reaches, including 318 "least-impacted" sites, from 1991 to 2001 by means of standardized nighttime boat-electrofishing techniques. We evaluated 55 candidate metrics based on attributes of fish assemblage structure and function to derive a multimetric index of river health. We examined the spatial (by river kilometer) and temporal variability of these metrics and assessed their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances, namely, effluents, turbidity, and highly embedded substrates. The resulting Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) comprises 13 metrics selected because they responded predictably to measures of human disturbance or reflected desirable features of the Ohio River. We retained two metrics (the number of intolerant species and the number of sucker species [family Catostomidae]) from Karr's original index of biotic integrity. Six metrics were modified from indices developed for the upper Ohio River (the number of native species; number of great-river species; number of centrarchid species; the number of deformities, eroded fins and barbels, lesions, and tumors; percent individuals as simple lithophils; and percent individuals as tolerant species). We also incorporated three trophic metrics (the percent of individuals as detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores), one metric based on catch per unit effort, and one metric based on the percent of individuals as nonindigenous fish species. The ORFIn declined significantly where anthropogenic effects on substrate and water quality were prevalent and was significantly lower in the first 500 m below point source discharges than at least-impacted sites nearby. Although additional research on the temporal stability of the metrics and index will likely enhance the reliability of the ORFIn, its incorporation into Ohio River assessments still represents an improvement over current physicochemical protocols. C1 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat COmmiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Unit, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. Midwest Biodivers Inst, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ctr Appl Bioassessment & Biocriteria, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Columbus, OH 43224 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Amer Elect Power Co, Environm Serv Dept, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Emery, EB (reprint author), Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat COmmiss, 5735 Kellogg Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 77 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 791 EP 808 DI 10.1577/T01-076 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600014 ER PT J AU Skramstad, JD Hurst, CJ Novak, PJ AF Skramstad, JD Hurst, CJ Novak, PJ TI Survival of indicator organisms during enrichment on tetrachloroethene SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioaugmentation; bioremediation; indicator organism survival ID BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; RAPID-INFILTRATION; ENTERIC VIRUSES; WASTE-WATER; IN-SITU; BACTERIOPHAGES; ENTEROVIRUSES; PHAGES; PCE AB A laboratory study was performed as the basis for a full-scale bioaugmentation project at a site contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop a protocol to enrich for a tetrachloroethene (PCE)-dechlorinating culture from waste activated sludge and anaerobic digester biosolids and 2) monitor the survival of fecal coliform bacteria and bacteriophage, which model enteric viruses, during the enrichment process. A culture was enriched in 8 days with the ability to degrade 6-muM PCE to cis-dichloroethene. Using the enrichment protocol in two identical experiments, significant inactivation of fecal coliform bacteria (2 log) and somatic coliphage (0.33 log) was observed in one of the experiments; no inactivation occurred in the second experiment. The number of F-specific coliphage decreased in both experiments (0.87 and 1.26 log inactivation). Despite the decrease in some of the coliform and bacteriophage numbers, the quantity of organisms and phage particles present after enrichment was still high (similar to7.5 x 10(5) most probable number/L 6.9 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (PFU)/L, and 3.3 x 10(5) PFU/L, for fecal coliform bacteria, somatic coliphage, and F-specific coliphage, respectively). This may be cause for concern, depending on the current and future groundwater use at or near a site undergoing bioaugmentation with cultures derived from waste activated sludge and anaerobic digester biosolids. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Leggette Brashears & Graham Inc, St Paul, MN USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Novak, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, 122 Civil Engn Bldg,Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 75 IS 4 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.2175/106143003X141178 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 744TW UT WOS:000186649800010 PM 12934830 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, EA Young, D AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, EA Young, D TI Maleic anhydride hydrogenation over Pd/Al2O3 catalyst under supercritical CO2 medium SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE maleic anhydride hydrogenation; supercritical CO2; Pd/Al2O3; gamma-butyrolactone; succinic anhydride; organic solvents ID VAPOR-PHASE HYDROGENATION; GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; CHROMITE CATALYSTS; FLUIDS; COMPLEXES; N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; TETRAHYDROFURAN AB Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to either gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) or succinic anhydride (SAH) over simple Pd/Al2O3 impregnated catalyst in supercritical CO2 medium has been studied at different temperatures and pressures. A comparison of the supercritical CO2 medium reaction with the conventional hydrogenation in the presence of commonly employed organic solvents is also described. The use of various co-solvents for CO2 has also been investigated. Selectivities different from traditional liquid phase reactions are observed under supercritical conditions. A 100% MA conversion with more than 80% selectivity to gamma-butyrolactone could be obtained at 473 K and at a pressure of 2.1 MPa H-2 and 12 MPa CO2 Temperature is found to be critical in obtaining the desired high gamma-butyrolactone selectivity. Catalyst deactivation is observed after extended number of recycle experiments, which resulted in a lower butyrolactone selectivity. The lactone selectivity, however, could be improved by increasing the H-2 partial pressure or by increasing the reaction temperature. Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride under supercritical CO2 as solvent is found to be promising for the selective hydrogenation of low vapor pressure solid compounds without employing environmentally harmful organic solvents. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W,ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 AR PII S0926-3373(02)00305-3 DI 10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00305-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 687CZ UT WOS:000183359500003 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Cooper, GS AF Brett, KM Cooper, GS TI Associations with menopause and menopausal transition in a nationally representative US sample SO MATURITAS LA English DT Article DE menopause; climacteric; postmenopause; risk factors; smoking; obesity; exercise; race/ethnicity; education ID NATURAL MENOPAUSE; BEHAVIORAL-CHARACTERISTICS; AGE; WOMEN; SMOKING; COHORT; PERIMENOPAUSE; DETERMINANTS; MORTALITY; RISK AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess sociodemographic and behavioral factors in relation to menopausal status in a representative sample of the United States population. Methods: Data were taken from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), limited to women aged 40-54 years who had not undergone surgical menopause. Menopausal transition was defined as absence of menstrual cycles for at least 3 but no more than 11 months or cycles that had become irregular in the past 12 months. Postmenopause was defined as absence of a menstrual cycle for 12 or more months. We used age-adjusted three-level logistic regression to examine the association between menopausal status and smoking, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, exercise, and alcohol use. Results: Twenty percent of women in this sample had experienced natural menopause, 18% were in the menopausal transition and 61% were premenopausal. Using premenopause as the reference group, current cigarette smoking was strongly associated with being postmenopausal (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7, 3.0) and weakly associated with being in the menopausal transition (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8). Education level was associated with being postmenopausal (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.6 comparing women with a college degree to women who had not completed high school), and alcohol use was weakly associated with being postmenopausal, with no evidence of a dose-response. Conclusions: The associations with smoking were stronger for postmenopause than for the transition phase, suggesting that the effect of smoking may be to shorten the transition period. Education level may be a marker for other exposures that affect ovarian senescence. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 CDC DHHS, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat OAEHP, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIH DHHS, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), CDC DHHS, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat OAEHP, Div Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6420, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-5122 J9 MATURITAS JI Maturitas PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 45 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0378-5122(03)00139-7 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 691LF UT WOS:000183607200002 PM 12787967 ER PT J AU Moser, VC MacPhail, RC Gennings, C AF Moser, VC MacPhail, RC Gennings, C TI Neurobehavioral evaluations of mixtures of trichloroethylene, heptachlor, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthlate in a full-factorial design SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; neurobehavioral; heptachlor; chemical mixtures; diethylhexylphthalate ID COMBINATION THERAPY; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; ADDITIVITY; RECEPTOR; DEPARTURE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; BATTERY AB One approach to the toxicological evaluation of chemical mixtures is to construct full dose-response curves for each compound in the presence of a range of doses of each of the other compounds, i.e., a factorial design. This study was undertaken as part of an interdisciplinary project to evaluate a mixture of three environmental pollutants. A full-factorial design was undertaken to determine the neurobehavioral consequences of short-term repeated exposure to five dose levels each of three chemicals, in order to characterize potential two- and three-way interactions. Adult female F344 rats received (p.o.) for 10 days either one of five doses of trichloroethylene, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or heptachlor, or else one of all possible chemical combinations. Neurobehavioral evaluations were conducted using motor activity and an abbreviated functional observational battery. Response-surface analysis was applied to each of the endpoints. Hypotheses were tested based on the estimated model parameters; of primary interest was the overall test for interaction among the three chemicals. In addition, an abbreviated design was created by fitting only a subset of the data to the model. In general, significant overall interactions that deviated from response additivity were detected for most endpoints (I I of 14). All of the interactions on the neurobehavioral endpoints showed either antagonism, or else an interaction that could not be fully characterized. Often the results of the abbreviated dataset analysis were not the same as for the full-factorial design. This study was extremely intensive, in terms of the number of rats and time required for conduct of the study as well as the data analysis. These results underscore the need for more economical approaches to evaluate the toxic effects of mixtures of chemicals. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEER, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEER, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00083-0 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 686YC UT WOS:000183347700002 PM 12767685 ER PT J AU Werkema, DD Atekwana, EA Endres, AL Sauck, WA Cassidy, DP AF Werkema, DD Atekwana, EA Endres, AL Sauck, WA Cassidy, DP TI Investigating the geoelectrical response of hydrocarbon contamination undergoing biodegradation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A newly proposed geoelectrical model for hydrocarbon contaminated sites predicts high conductivities coincident with the contaminated zone as opposed to the traditionally accepted low conductivity. The model attributes the high conductivities to mineral weathering resulting from byproducts of microbial redox processes. To evaluate this conductive model, in situ vertical conductivity measurements were acquired from a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) contaminated site. The results showed high conductivities coincident with the zone of contamination and within the smear zone influenced by seasonal water table fluctuations. We infer this zone as an active zone of biodegradation and suggest significant microbial degradation under partially water saturated conditions. A simple Archie's Law analysis shows large pore water conductivities necessary to reproduce the bulk conductivity measured at the contaminated location. This study supports the conductive layer model and demonstrates the potential of geoelectrical investigations for assessing microbial degradation of LNAPL impacted soils. C1 US EPA, NERL, ESD, CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol & Geophys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Env Geophys Facil, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Genie Geol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Werkema, DD (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, ESD, CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. OI Sauck, William/0000-0003-2911-3044 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 27 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 12 AR 1647 DI 10.1029/2003GL017346 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 708PR UT WOS:000184577600003 ER PT J AU Pagan, I Costa, DL McGee, JK Richards, JH Dye, JA Dykstra, MJ AF Pagan, I Costa, DL McGee, JK Richards, JH Dye, JA Dykstra, MJ TI Metals mimic airway epithelial injury induced by in vitro exposure to Utah Valley ambient particulate matter extracts SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; COPPER SMELTER DUST; EX-VIVO PRODUCTION; FLY-ASH PARTICLES; LUNG INJURY; POLLUTION PARTICLE; TRANSITION-METALS; RAT LUNG; OIL; TOXICITY AB Epidemiologic studies have shown positive associations between changes in ambient particulate matter (PM) levels in Utah Valley during 1986-1988, and the respiratory health of the local population. Ambient PM reductions coincided with closure of an open-hearth steel mill, the major industrial source of particulate emissions in the valley. In this report, water extracts of PM filters from steel mill operational (UE-86, UE-88) and closure (UE-87) periods were analyzed for their elemental composition. Their relative toxicity was determined by exposing primary rodent airway epithelial cultures to equal masses of extracted material. To elucidate extract subcomponents mediating the effects observed, cells were also exposed to surrogate metal mixtures. Potential interactions between the two predominant metals in the UE-86/88 samples, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), were further investigated. Data indicated that, relative to the UE-87 (plant closed) sample, UE-86188 samples contained more sulfate, calcium, potassium, magnesium and, although present in much lower amounts, a variety of metals including Zn, Cu, iron, lead, strontium, nickel, manganese, and vanadium (V). Cell exposure to UE-86 and UE-88, but not UE-87, resulted in time- and concentration-dependent epithelial injury based on biochemical and light/electron microscopic changes. Cell injury induced by metal mixtures containing equivalent amounts of Zn + Cu + V was commensurate with that induced by the corresponding extract, although divergent antioxidant responses were observed. Exposure to Zn + Cu resulted in significantly greater epithelial toxicity and stress (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation) responses than did exposure to Zn or Cu individually. The parallel epithelial injury induced by the extracts and their surrogate Zn + Cu + V mixtures suggests that these metals are mediating the acute airway epithelial effects observed; however, metal interactions appear to play a critical role in the overall cellular effects induced by the PM-derived extracts. These experimental findings are in good accord with epidemiologic reports of adverse airway and respiratory health effects in Utah Valley residents. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Dye, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch,ORD, Mail Drop B-143-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUN 27 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 12 BP 1087 EP 1112 DI 10.1080/15287390390213908 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 693BJ UT WOS:000183694500001 PM 12854532 ER PT J AU Beard, BC Wilson, SH Smerdon, MJ AF Beard, BC Wilson, SH Smerdon, MJ TI Suppressed catalytic activity of base excision repair enzymes on rotationally positioned uracil in nucleosomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chromatin; glycosylase; DNA polymerase beta; apyrmidinic/apurinic endonuclease ID DNA-POLYMERASE-BETA; GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE ELEMENT; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; CORE PARTICLES; CYTOSINE DEAMINATION; CHROMATIN; SEQUENCE; SITE; MECHANISM; PROTEIN AB The majority of DNA in eukaryotic cells exists in the highly condensed structural hierarchy of chromatin, which presents a challenge to DNA repair enzymes in that recognition, incision, and restoration of the original sequence at most sites must take place within these structural constraints. To test base excision repair (BER) activities on chromatin substrates, an in vitro system was developed that uses human uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG), apyrimidinic/apurinic endonuclease (APE), and DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) on homogeneously damaged, rotationally positioned DNA in nucleosomes. We find that UDG and APE carry out their combined catalytic activities with reduced efficiency on nucleosome substrates (approximate to10% of that on naked DNA). Furthermore, these enzymes distinguish between two different rotational settings of the lesion on the histone surface, showing a 2- to 3-fold difference in activity between uracil facing "toward" and "away from" the histories. However, UDG and APE will digest such substrates to completion in a concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, the synthesis activity of pol 13 is inhibited completely by nucleosome substrates and is independent of enzyme concentration. These results suggest that the first two steps of BER, IUDG and APE, may occur "unassisted" in chromatin, whereas downstream factors in this pathway (i.e., pol beta) may require nucleosome remodeling for efficient DNA BER in at least some regions of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Smerdon, MJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04106, R01 ES004106] NR 61 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 24 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 13 BP 7465 EP 7470 DI 10.1073/pnas.1330328100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695TE UT WOS:000183845800013 PM 12799467 ER PT J AU Malcolm, EG Keeler, GJ Landis, MS AF Malcolm, EG Keeler, GJ Landis, MS TI The effects of the coastal environment on the atmospheric mercury cycle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic; reactive gaseous mercury; particulate mercury; total gaseous mercury; marine boundary layer; sea salt ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-PHASE REACTION; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; SOUTH; AEROSOLS; FLORIDA; PRECIPITATION AB [1] Atmospheric mercury ( Hg) species were investigated on the east coast of Florida during June 2000. The site was impacted by air mass transport from the Atlantic Ocean and south Florida. Periods with atmospheric transport from the Atlantic were characterized by low concentrations of elemental gaseous Hg and inorganic divalent reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), demonstrating that the marine boundary layer was not a significant source of RGM to this coastal site as previous researchers have hypothesized. When anthropogenic impacts were observed at the site, indicated by elevated concentrations of gases including HNO3 and SO2, RGM concentrations had higher daytime maximums. Particulate phase Hg concentrations were higher than can be explained by sea spray alone, as determined by chemical analysis of the seawater, suggesting that gaseous Hg is diffusing into the sea-salt aerosol. Although atmospheric Hg concentrations were not elevated, the observed scavenging of Hg gases by sea-salt aerosols indicates that Hg may be rapidly cycled at the atmosphere-ocean interface between gaseous, aerosol, and oceanic forms. Deposition of aerosol enriched in Hg via this process may constitute a significant global mercury flux to the oceans. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Malcolm, EG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM emalcolm@princeton.edu; jkeeler@umich.edu; landis.mathew@epa.gov RI Malcolm, Elizabeth/F-1114-2013; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 48 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D12 AR 4357 DI 10.1029/2002JD003084 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693YY UT WOS:000183747000003 ER PT J AU Fath, BD Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW AF Fath, BD Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW TI Regime changes in ecological systems: an information theory approach SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fisher information; information theory; predator-prey models; ecological models ID RESILIENCE; DIVERSITY AB We present our efforts at developing an ecological system index using information theory. Specifically, we derive an expression for Fisher Information based on sampling of the system trajectory as it evolves in the space defined by the state variables of the system, i.e. its state space. The Fisher Information index, as we have derived it, is a measure of system order, and captures the characteristic variation in speed and acceleration along the system's periodic steady-state trajectories. When calculated repeatedly over the system period, this index tracks steady states and transient behavior. We believe that such an index could be useful in detecting system 'flips' associated with a regime change, i.e. determining when systems are in a transient between one steady state and another. We illustrate the concepts using model ecosystems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 22 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUN 21 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 4 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00067-5 PG 14 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 691DJ UT WOS:000183589300011 PM 12781750 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Bonifaz, R Lunetta, RS Garcia, C Gomez, G Castro, R Bernal, A Cabrera, AL AF Alvarez, R Bonifaz, R Lunetta, RS Garcia, C Gomez, G Castro, R Bernal, A Cabrera, AL TI Multitemporal land-cover classification of Mexico using Landsat MSS imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB A complete land-cover classification of Mexico was performed using Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) imagery corresponding to years 1974, 1986 and 1990 (+/-1 y). The categorization of the approximately 2 M km(2) geographical region included the classification of approximately 300 equivalent scene images. Vegetation experts throughout the country provided an initial 250-class inventory of major vegetation associations by applying an unsupervised classification approach. A final regrouping was performed to produce a generalized thematic product containing 12 classes to provide a consistent national scale product. Classification accuracies were evaluated for each scene by means of cartographic comparison using two independently developed reference datasets corresponding to the 1970s and 1990s. An automated evaluation procedure was developed that incorporated decision rules to duplicate the results obtained using a manual accuracy assessment procedure. Overlaying both the image and the digital cartographic information allowed for the comparison of randomly selected pixels within each image scene. An overall accuracy for the three epochs of 62% was obtained for the 300 image scenes. Study results have provided a historical baseline documenting vegetation extent and distribution across Mexico over the two-decade period. This study serves as a possible model for subsequent North American land-cover characterization efforts. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Direcc Gen Serv Computo Acad, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab MD 56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27771 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Alvarez, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2501 EP 2514 DI 10.1080/01431160210153066 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 684CC UT WOS:000183187000008 ER PT J AU Degitz, SJ Durhan, EJ Tietge, JE Kosian, PA Holcombe, GW Ankley, GT AF Degitz, SJ Durhan, EJ Tietge, JE Kosian, PA Holcombe, GW Ankley, GT TI Developmental toxicity of methoprene and several degradation products in Xenopus laevis SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xenopus laevis; growth regulator; methoprene ID GROWTH-REGULATOR METHOPRENE; ISOPROPYL (2E,4E)-11-METHOXY-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,4-DODECADIENOATE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; INSECT; DEFORMITIES; WATER; ISRAELENSIS; METABOLISM; MINNESOTA AB Methoprene is an insect juvenile growth hormone mimic, which inhibits pupation and is used for the control of emergent insect pests such as mosquitoes. Researchers have hypothesized that methoprene use in US may be a contributing factor to the recent increase in malformed amphibians. However, little is known concerning the developmental toxicity of methoprene and its degradation products in amphibians. In these studies, the aqueous stability and developmental toxicity of methoprene and several degradation products (methoprene acid, methoprene epoxide, 7-methoxycitronellal, and 7-methoxycitronellic acid) were examined. Xenopus laevis embryos (stage 8) were exposed to the test chemicals for 96 h. Assays were conducted under static renewal (24 h) conditions and chemical concentrations in water were measured at the beginning and end of the renewal periods. Methoprene exposure did not result in developmental toxicity at concentrations up to 2 mg/l, which is slightly higher than its water solubility. Methoprene acid, a relatively minor degradation product, produced developmental toxicity when concentrations exceeded 1.25 mg/l. Methoprene epoxide and 7-methoxycitronellal caused developmental toxicity at concentrations of 2.5 mg/l and higher. 7-Methoxycitronellic acid was not developmentally toxic at a test concentration as high as 30 mg/l. The five test chemicals had differential stability in aqueous solution that was in some instances affected by the presence of test organisms. These data indicate that methoprene and its degradation products are not potent development toxicants in X laevis. This, in combination with the fact that field applications of sustained-release formulations of methoprene result in methoprene concentrations that do not typically exceed 0.01 mg/l, suggests that concerns for methoprene-mediated developmental toxicity to amphibians may be unwarranted. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Degitz, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00022-5 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 685EP UT WOS:000183248100009 PM 12763670 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Kasibhatla, PS Wright, DL Schwartz, SE McGraw, R Deng, AJ AF Yu, SC Kasibhatla, PS Wright, DL Schwartz, SE McGraw, R Deng, AJ TI Moment-based simulation of microphysical properties of sulfate aerosols in the eastern United States: Model description, evaluation, and regional analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE moment-method; sulfate aerosol; model simulation; microphysical properties; eastern United States ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; SULFUR CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; QUADRATURE METHOD; TRANSPORT MODELS; NATIONAL CENTER AB [1] A six-moment microphysics module for sulfate aerosols based on the quadrature method of moments has been incorporated in a host 3-D regional model, the Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform. Model performance was examined and evaluated by comparison with in situ observations over the eastern United States for a 40-day period from 19 July to 28 August 1995. The model generally reproduces the spatial patterns ( sulfate mixing ratios and wet deposition) over the eastern United States and time series variations of sulfate mass concentrations. The model successfully captured the observed size distribution in the accumulation mode (radius 0.1 - 0.5 mum), in which the sulfate is predominately located, while underestimating the nucleation and coarse modes on the basis of the size distributions retrieved from the modeled six moments at the Great Smoky Mountains ( GSM). This is consistent with better model performance on the effective radius ( ratio of third to second moment, important for light scattering) than on number-mean and mass-mean radii. However, the model did not predict some of the moments well, especially the higher moments and during the dust events. Aerosol components other than sulfate such as dust and organics appear to have contributed substantially to the observed aerosol loading at GSM. The model underpredicted sulfate mixing ratios by 13% with about 50% of observations simulated to within a factor of 2. One of the reasons for this underestimation may be overprediction of sulfate wet deposition. Sulfate mass concentrations and number concentrations were high in the source-rich Ohio River valley, but number concentrations were also high over the mid-Atlantic coast ( New Jersey area). Most (77%) sulfate amount was below 2.6 km, whereas most sulfate number (> 52%) was above 2.6 km except over Ohio River valley (41%). These results demonstrate the accuracy, utility, practicality, and efficiency of moment-based methods for representing aerosol microphysical processes in large-scale chemical transport models. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI Kasibhatla, Prasad/A-2574-2010; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; NR 79 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D12 AR 4353 DI 10.1029/2002JD002890 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693YM UT WOS:000183746000002 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, SD TI Water analysis: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA; ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; DRINKING-WATER C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 193 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 12 BP 2831 EP 2857 DI 10.1021/ac0301301 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 689MF UT WOS:000183496500003 ER PT J AU Corley, EA Dehart-Davis, L Lindner, J Rodgers, MO AF Corley, EA Dehart-Davis, L Lindner, J Rodgers, MO TI Inspection/maintenance program evaluation: Replicating the Denver Step Method for an Atlanta fleet SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ON-ROAD EVALUATION; VEHICLE EMISSIONS AB The research presented in this paper employs the Step Method of Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) program evaluation to estimate the emissions reduction for an Atlanta I/M program. Stedman et al. (Stedman, D. H.; Bishop, G. A.; Aldrete, P.; Slott, R. S. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31,927931) introduced the Step Method of evaluation when they presented the results of a 1995 Denver I/M program evaluation. The research presented here replicates the original Denver Step Method analysis for a 1997 Atlanta I/M program. This evaluation was conducted separately for the nine outlying Atlanta counties and the four counties that are closest to the center of the city. The results of the analysis are similar to those found by Stedman et al. in Denver. While the Denver carbon monoxide (CO) weighted program benefit was 6.9%, the Atlanta area CO weighted program benefit is found to be 11.5% and 4.9% for the nine-county and four-county Atlanta areas, respectively. We conclude that the 1997 I/M program change in Atlanta yielded a noteworthy and observable change in fleet emissions. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Air Qual Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US EPA, Certificat & Compliance Div, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Rodgers, MO (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Air Qual Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI DeHart-Davis, Leisha/B-3373-2008; Corley, Elizabeth/C-5905-2008 OI Corley, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2716-5337 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2801 EP 2806 DI 10.1021/es015736q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689QR UT WOS:000183504900025 PM 12854722 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF McCutcheon, SC AF Kenneke, JF McCutcheon, SC TI Use of pretreatment zones and zero-valent iron for the remediation of chloroalkenes in an oxic aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; PRECIPITATION; REDUCTION; SORPTION; SYSTEMS; COLUMNS; BUFFER AB Pretreatment zones (PTZs) composed of sand, 10% zero-valent iron [Fe(0)]/sand, and 10% pyrite (FeS2)/sand were examined for their ability to prolong Fe(0) reactivity in aboveground column reactors and a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB). The test site had an acidic, oxic aquifer contaminated with tetra chloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). The 10% FeS2 and 10% Fe(O) PTZs removed dissolved oxygen and affected the pH and Eh in the PTZ. None of the PUS had any effect on pH or Eh in the 100% Fe(0) zone. Nitrate and sulfate were removed more quickly in the Fe(O) zones preceded by either the 10% Fe(O) PTZ or 10% FeS2. PCE first-order degradation rate constants (k(obs)) decreased significantly (>80%) with increasing column pore volumes regardless of the PTZ material used. k(obs) finally leveled off after approximately 1 yr of operation. The column results predict that the PRB will experience a breakthrough of PCE in 3-5 yr and illustrate the importance of incorporating temporal variations in degradation rate constants when designing PRBs. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kenneke, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2829 EP 2835 DI 10.1021/es0207302 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689QR UT WOS:000183504900029 PM 12854726 ER PT J AU Youssef, JA Birnbaum, LS Swift, LL Morrow, JD Badr, MZ AF Youssef, JA Birnbaum, LS Swift, LL Morrow, JD Badr, MZ TI Age-independent, gray matter-localized, brain-enhanced oxidative stress in male fischer 344 rats: Brain levels of F-2-isoprostanes and F-4-neuroprostanes SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE isoprostanes; neuroprostanes; aging; brain oxidative stress; Neurodegenerative diseases; gray matter; white matter; free radicals ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; QUANTIFICATION; NEUROPROSTANES; ISOPROSTANES; PROSTANOIDS; PRODUCTS; ACID AB While studies showed that aging is accompanied by increased exposure of the brain to oxidative stress, others have not detected any age-correlated differences in levels of markers of oxidative stress. Use of conventional markers of oxidative damage in vivo, which may be formed ex vivo and/or eliminated by endogenous metabolism, may explain these conflicting results. Recently, F-2-isoprostanes and F-4-neuroprostanes, peroxidation products of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively, have been identified as sensitive and reliable markers of oxidative injury. Therefore, this study was designed to quantify brain levels of F-2-isoprostanes and F-4-neuroprostanes and their precursors in 4, 10, 50, and 100 week old male Fischer 344 rats. Data show that levels of F-2-isoprostanes and F-4-neuroprostanes were comparable in all animal age groups. However, levels of F-4-neuroprostanes were approximately 20-fold higher than those of F-2-isoprostanes in all age groups, despite the fact that brain levels of docosahexaenoic acid were only twice as high as those of arachidonic acid. Based on our findings, it is concluded that aging is not accompanied by enhanced brain susceptibility to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the metabolically active gray matter of the brain, where docosahexaenoic acid is abundant, appears more susceptible to oxidative stress than the white matter. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Pharmacol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN USA. RP Badr, MZ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Pharmacol, 2411 Holmes,M3-115, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA77839]; NIA NIH HHS [AG18479]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK48831]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM15431] NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1631 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00215-6 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 689DX UT WOS:000183477300013 PM 12788483 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Chou, YL Junod, N Finegold, JK Wilson, NK AF Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Chou, YL Junod, N Finegold, JK Wilson, NK TI Comparison of immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHs; soil; GC-MS; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA; immunoassay ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IN-HOUSE DUST; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TEST KITS; PAHS AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently encountered in the environment and may pose health concerns due to their carcinogenicity. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was evaluated as a screening method for monitoring PAHs at contaminated sites. The ELISA was a carcinogenic PAH (C-PAH) RaPID assay testing kit that cross-reacts with several PAHs and utilizes benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a calibrator. Soil samples were extracted with 50% acetone in dichloromethane (DCM) for analysis by ELISA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overall method precision was within +/-30% for ELISA and within +/-20% for GC-MS. Recovery data for spiked soils ranged from 46 to 140% for BaP as determined by ELISA. Recoveries data of the GC-MS surrogate standards, 2-fluorobiphenyl and chrysene, were greater than 70%. The GC-MS procedure detected a total of 19 priority PAHs (2-6-ring PAHs) including seven probable human carcinogens (4-6-ring B2-PAHs). The ELISA results were compared to GC-MS summation results for the total 19 target PAHs as well as for the subset of the seven B2-PAH compounds. For all soil samples, the PAH concentrations derived from ELISA were greater than the sum of B2-PAH concentrations obtained by GC-MS. ELISA determinations were also frequently greater than the results obtained by GC-MS for the total 19 PAH compounds. This discrepancy can be expected, since the ELISA is a screening assay for the detection of several related PAHs while the GC-MS procedure detects priority PAH compounds. Thus, only a subset of PAHs (e.g. 19 PAHs) in the soil samples were measured by GC-MS while additional PAHs, including alkylated PAHs, and PAH derivatives have been demonstrated to be cross-reactive in the C-PAH ELISA. Results of paired tests show that the PAH data from ELISA and GC-MS methods are significantly different (P < 0.001), but highly correlated. The ELISA data had a strong positive relationship with the GC-MS summation data for the B2-PAHs as well as for the 19 PAHs targeted by the GC-MS method. Results indicate that the ELISA may be useful as a broad screen for monitoring PAHs in environmental samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 486 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00499-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 691HD UT WOS:000183599300004 ER PT J AU Bazzano, LA He, J Muntner, P Vupputuri, S Whelton, PK AF Bazzano, LA He, J Muntner, P Vupputuri, S Whelton, PK TI Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the United States SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; APPARENTLY HEALTHY-MEN; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEART-DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; ASSOCIATION; FIBRINOGEN; SMOKERS AB Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a general population or have included a biochemical marker of current smoking. Objective: To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and homocysteine levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The U.S. general population. Patients: 4187 current smokers, 4791 former smokers, and 8375 never-smokers 18 years of age or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. Measurements: serum C-reactive protein levels were categorized as detectable (2.2 to 9.9 mg/L) or clinically elevated (greater than or equal to10 mg/L), and fibrinogen and homocysteine levels were defined as elevated if in the 85th percentile or greater (11.1 mumol/L and 12.7 mmol/L, respectively). Results: After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, cigarette smoking was related to elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and homocysteine. Compared with never smoking cigarettes, self-reported current cigarette smoking was associated with a C-reactive protein level in the detectable (odds ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40 to 1.97]; P < 0.001) or clinically elevated (odds ratio, 1.98 [CI, 1.57 to 2.51]; P < 0.001) ranges, with elevated levels of fibrinogen (odds ratio, 2.15 [CI, 1.65 to 2.80]; P < 0.001) and homocysteine (odds ratio, 2.10 [CI, 1.62 to 2.74]; P < 0.001). There were positive and significant dose-response relationships between measures of cigarette smoking (cigarettes per day, pack-years, and serum cotinine levels) and elevated levels of novel risk factors. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes atherosclerotic disease. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP He, J (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, 1430 Tulane Ave SL18, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL60300] NR 32 TC 188 Z9 198 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 11 BP 891 EP 897 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 686AB UT WOS:000183296400004 PM 12779299 ER PT J AU Flanigan, D Rodgers, M AF Flanigan, D Rodgers, M TI A method to detect viable Helicobacter pylori bacteria in groundwater SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE enrichment; PCR; detection; microorganism ID UNITED-STATES; WATER; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; CHILDREN; PCR AB The inability to detect the presence of viable Helicobacter pylori bacteria in environmental waters has hindered the public health community in assessing the role water may play in the transmission of this pathogen. This work describes a cultural enrichment method coupled with an H. pylori-specific PCR to identify these bacteria in water. While far from perfected at the present time, this represents an exciting new approach to studying the significance of water as a transmission mechanism for H. pylori. Evidence is presented that indicates culturable H. pylori bacteria were found using this enrichment/PCR method in a local groundwater source. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rodgers, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1002/aheh.200390015 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 703JV UT WOS:000184277000005 ER PT J AU Lin, ZX Puls, RW AF Lin, ZX Puls, RW TI Potential indicators for the assessment of arsenic natural attenuation in the subsurface SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arsenic; aluminosilicates; clay minerals; iron hydroxides; mineral indicators; natural attenuation; risk assessment ID ADSORPTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; FERRIHYDRITE; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; STABILITY; MINERALS AB Arsenic is a priority pollutant found in soil and groundwater contaminated by arsenic pesticides and industrial wastes. Assessing the natural attenuation capacity of the subsurface for arsenic is a key step leading to successful site remediation. Chemical reactions between arsenic and several iron hydroxides (goethite, lepidocrocite and green rust) were studied. By comparing the arsenic attenuation capacity of iron hydroxides, clay minerals and feldspars, an order was established: iron hydroxides>clays>feldspars. Results showed that arsenic was more strongly bound by iron hydroxides than clays, and that the iron minerals studied can extensively oxidize As(III) to As(V). Under reducing conditions, the concentration of As(III) significantly decreases due to the presence of green rust and parasymplesite. The studies provide evidence that some minerals could act as mineral indicators for site characterization. Integration of mineral indicators with geochemical parameters should aid in determining the potential of natural attenuation of the subsurface with arsenic contamination. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council,Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, Sunsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lin, ZX (reprint author), ManTech Environm Res Serv Corp, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 4 BP 825 EP 834 AR PII S1093-0191(02)00056-4 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00056-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 700WB UT WOS:000184133200005 ER PT J AU Rosati, JA Leith, D Kim, CS AF Rosati, JA Leith, D Kim, CS TI Monodisperse and polydisperse aerosol deposition in a packed bed SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; AIR-POLLUTION; HUMAN LUNG; DISPERSION; PARTICLES AB Although polydisperse aerosols in ambient and occupational settings have been associated with adverse health effects, researchers have mostly used monodisperse aerosols to investigate particle deposition in the human lung. The objective of this work was to determine whether the deposition of a series of monodisperse aerosols is reasonable to simulate the deposition of a polydisperse aerosol. A packed bed was used as an approximate surrogate to the human lung. Polydisperse and monodisperse sebacate aerosols were generated by nebulizers and a Monodisperse Aerosol Generator (MAGE), respectively. A Harvard respirator pump "inhaled" and "exhaled" aerosol through the packed bed. Complete size distributions of inhaled and exhaled aerosol were measured by an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The deposition for discrete sections of polydisperse aerosols was compared with the deposition of monodisperse aerosols. Also, the total deposition of a polydisperse aerosol was compared with the deposition of a series of monodisperse aerosols that formed the same size distribution as the polydisperse aerosol. Experiments were run with and without a charge neutralizer. With the neutralizer, no difference in deposition occurred between the discrete sections of polydisperse and monodisperse aerosols. Thus, total deposition was the same for both a polydisperse and a series of monodisperse aerosols, indicating that a series of monodisperse aerosols is reasonable to represent a polydisperse aerosol. Without a charge neutralizer, discrete sections of polydisperse aerosols with particle diameters of 3 mum or greater deposited no differently than they did with a neutralizer. However, for particle diameters of 1 mum or less, deposition of discrete sections of polydisperse aerosols was greater than that of monodisperse aerosols. Thus, total deposition was greater for polydisperse aerosols than for a series of monodisperse aerosols, indicating the need to condition aerosol with a neutralizer after the nebulization of a sebacate/alcohol solution. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Rosati, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Indoor Environm Management Branch, E-305-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.1080/02786820390126358 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673CX UT WOS:000182563100006 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Wang, XC Silbajoris, R Garrick, MD Piantadosi, CA Yang, FM AF Ghio, AJ Wang, XC Silbajoris, R Garrick, MD Piantadosi, CA Yang, FM TI DMT1 expression is increased in the lungs of hypotransferrinemic mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron transport; transferrin; membrane transporters ID IRON TRANSPORTER; BOUND IRON; TRANSFERRIN; GENE; RAT; BELGRADE; ANEMIA; NRAMP2; MOUSE; CELLS AB Despite a lack of transferrin, hypotransferrinemic (Hp) mice demonstrate an accumulation of iron in peripheral organs including the lungs. One potential candidate for such transferrin-independent uptake of iron is divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), an established iron transporter. We tested the hypothesis that increased concentrations of iron in the lungs of Hp mice are associated with elevations in DMT1 expression. With the use of inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, measurements of nonheme iron confirmed significantly elevated concentrations in the lung tissue of Hp mice relative to the wild-type mice. Western blot analyses for the expression of two isoforms of DMT1 in the Hp mice relative to the wild-type animals demonstrated an elevation for the isoform that lacks an iron-responsive element ( IRE) with significant decrements in the expression of +IRE DMT1. With the use of immunohistochemistry, -IRE DMT1 was localized to both airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in wild-type mice. Staining appeared increased in both types of cells in the Hp mice. Elevated concentrations of both tissue nonheme iron and expression of -IRE DMT1 in the Hp mice were associated with increased quantities of -IRE mRNA. There was no difference between wild-type and homozygotic Hp mice in the amount of mRNA for DMT1 +IRE. We conclude that differences between Hp and wild-type mice in nonheme iron concentrations were accompanied by increases in the expression of -IRE DMT1. Increased expression of -IRE DMT1 in the lungs of the Hp mice could be responsible for elevated concentrations of the metal in these tissues. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-59794] NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 284 IS 6 BP L938 EP L944 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00225.2002 PG 7 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 675MV UT WOS:000182699900005 PM 12576298 ER PT J AU Guo, Z Roache, NF AF Guo, Z Roache, NF TI Overall mass transfer coefficient for pollutant emissions from small water pools under simulated indoor environmental conditions SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aqueous solution; emission; indoor environment; mass transfer coefficient; water ID VOLATILIZATION AB Small chamber tests were conducted to experimentally determine the overall mass transfer coefficient for pollutant emissions from still aqueous solutions under simulated indoor (residential or occupational) environmental conditions. The tests covered six organic compounds with a Henry's constant range from 3.33 x 10(-7) to 3.67 x 10(-3) (atm m(3)/mol). The estimated overall liquid phase mass transfer coefficients for still solutions varied from 1.8 x 10(-6) to 5.7 x 10(-3) m/h; the estimated liquid phase mass transfer coefficients were 9.7 x 10(-3) m/h for the reference compound (oxygen) and 5.00 x 10(-3) to 6.04 x 10(-3) m/h for the test compounds. An empirical model is proposed to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficient, which can be used to predict pollutant emissions from still aqueous solutions (e.g. pools and puddles) in indoor environments. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Guo, Z (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Mail Code E305-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meg035 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689RF UT WOS:000183506200004 PM 12765868 ER PT J AU Fout, GS Martinson, BC Moyer, MWN Dahling, DR AF Fout, GS Martinson, BC Moyer, MWN Dahling, DR TI A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human enteric viruses in groundwater SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; NORWALK VIRUS; WELL WATER; ENTEROVIRUSES; CONTAMINATION; INHIBITORS AB Untreated groundwater is responsible for about half of the waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Human enteric viruses are thought to be leading etiological agents of many of these outbreaks, but there is relatively little information on the types and levels of viruses found in groundwater. To address this problem, monthly samples from 29 groundwater sites were analyzed for I year for enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, Norwalk virus, reoviruses, and rotaviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). A procedure with which to remove environmental RT-PCR inhibitors from groundwater samples was developed. The procedure allowed an average of 71 liters of the original groundwater to be assayed per RT-PCR, with an average virus recovery rate of 74%, based on seeded samples. Human enteric viruses were detected in 16% of the groundwater samples analyzed, with reoviruses being the most frequently detected virus group. C1 US EPA, NERL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fout, GS (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Off Res & Dev, Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Moyer, Michael/G-5824-2013 OI Moyer, Michael/0000-0003-4444-4685 NR 30 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 6 BP 3158 EP 3164 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.6.3158-3164.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 752HZ UT WOS:000187156200016 PM 12788711 ER PT J AU Johnson-Thompson, M AF Johnson-Thompson, M TI Walter Schlesinger SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Johnson-Thompson, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD JUN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 6 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 757HU UT WOS:000187557600014 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Laurence, JA AF Lee, EH Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Laurence, JA TI History of tropospheric ozone for the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California, 1963-1999 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone trends; photochemical oxidants; air pollution; Southern California; San Bernardino Mountains ID POLLUTION MODELING SYSTEM; REGIONAL SCALES; URBAN AB A historical database of hourly O-3 concentrations for Crestline, California in 1963-1999 has been developed based on all relevant oxidant/ozone monitoring data taken since 1963. All data were obtained from the California Air Resources Board and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and have been standardized to be comparable to the current UV photometry calibration basis. A rigorous statistical analysis was performed to integrate these data with differing accuracies, reliabilities and representativeness of the study site into a temporally consistent research-quality data set for Crestline, California. Records of O-3 monitoring on a long-term consistent basis provide much needed information to better understand the chronic effects of pollutants on sensitive species. The database provides valuable information on the changing ambient air quality conditions in the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California due initially to increases in population and vehicle usage and subsequently due to decreases in O-3 precursors from the implementation of more effective emission control strategies beginning in the late 1970s. An Excel spreadsheet containing the hourly O-3 concentrations for Crestline in 1963-1999 can be accessed at http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ models.htm. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 19 BP 2705 EP 2717 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00203-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687CV UT WOS:000183359000012 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Jeffay, SC Zucker, RM Cooper, RL Perreault, SD AF Stoker, TE Jeffay, SC Zucker, RM Cooper, RL Perreault, SD TI Abnormal fertilization is responsible for reduced fecundity following thiram-induced ovulatory delay in the rat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE embryo; fertilization; luteinizing hormone; ovulation; ovum ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; PERIVITELLINE SPACE; MEIOTIC MATURATION; CORTICAL REACTION; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; HAMSTER EGGS; FEMALE RAT; OOCYTES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; NEUROENDOCRINE AB Brief exposure to some pesticides, applied during a sensitive window for the neural regulation of ovulation, will block the preovulatory surge of LH and, thus, delay ovulation. Previously, we have shown that a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide that decreases norepinephrine synthesis, on proestrus (1300 h) suppresses the LH surge and delays ovulation for 24 h without altering the number of oocytes released. However, when bred, the treated dams had a decreased litter size and increased postimplantation loss. We hypothesized that the reduced litter size in thiram-delayed rats was a consequence of altered oocyte function arising from intrafollicular oocyte aging. To test this hypothesis, we examined delayed oocytes, zygotes, and 2-cell embryos for evidence of fertilization and polyspermy. In addition, we used confocal laser-scanning microscopy to evaluate and characterize cortical granule localization in oocytes; and release in zygotes, because the cortical granule response is a major factor in the normal block to polyspermy. Our results demonstrate that a thiram-induced, 24-h delay in ovulation alters the fertilizability of the released oocyte. Although no apparent morphological differences were observed in the unfertilized mature oocytes released following the thiram-induced delay, the changes observed following breeding include a significant decrease in the percentage of fertilized oocytes, a significant increase in polyspermic zygotes (21%), and a 10-fold increase in the number of supernumerary sperm in the perivitelline space. Importantly, all the polyspermic zygotes exhibited an abnormal pattern of cortical granule exudate, suggestive of a relationship between abnormal cortical reaction and the polyspermy in the delayed zygotes. Because polyspermy is associated with polyploidy, abnormal development, and early embryonic death, the observed polyspermy could explain the abnormal development and decreased litter size that we observed previously following thiram-delayed ovulation. C1 US EPA, Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2142 EP 2149 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013847 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 683CN UT WOS:000183130000025 PM 12606370 ER PT J AU Hanna, LA Clegg, MS Momma, TY Daston, GP Rogers, JM Keen, CL AF Hanna, LA Clegg, MS Momma, TY Daston, GP Rogers, JM Keen, CL TI Zinc influences the in vitro development of peri-implantation mouse embryos SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT EMBRYOS; INVITRO DEVELOPMENT; CASPASE ACTIVATION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CELL-DEATH; APOPTOSIS; DEFICIENCY; PREGNANCY; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION AB BACKGROUND: For humans, it is estimated that over 70% of concepti are lost during early development. In culture, mouse peri-implantation embryos can mimic development from the blastocyst to the egg cylinder stage of development, a period during which implantation occurs in vivo. We describe a novel application of this model to investigate nutritional factors that may influence this stage of development. We investigated the influence of zinc (Zn) deficiency on embryonic development at the time of embryo implantation. METHODS: Mouse blastocysts were cultured for 144 hr in low Zn, Zn-replete or control medium. RESULTS: Embryos developed normally when they were cultured in the control and Zn-replete media. Embryos cultured in the low Zn medium were significantly impaired in forming egg cylinder morphology. This was associated with a reduction in extraembryonic endoderm as determined by immunohistochemistry for markers of visceral and parietal endoderm and correlated with an increase in TUNEL positive cells in the low Zn group. There was no change in the frequency of cells positive for phosphorylated Histone H3, a marker for S-phase, indicating that an increase in apoptosis was primarily responsible for the smaller size and reduction in extraembryonic endoderm. The increased cell death was not associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by dichlorodihydrofluorescein staining. CONCLUSIONS: These data support an important role for Zn in promoting differentiation and cell survival in the early embryo and suggest that sub-optimal nutrition is an important factor that contributes to defects in primary germ layers and early embryonic loss. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keen, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave,Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD01743]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07355] NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 6 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1002/bdra.10046 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XG UT WOS:000185287100003 PM 12962285 ER PT J AU Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Tunnell, SJ Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Tunnell, SJ Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Population dynamics of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) across a nitrogen-amended landscape SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID VOLE MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; ALPINE TUNDRA; PREDATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; SUCCESSION; RESPONSES AB We conducted a mark-recapture experiment to examine the population dynamics of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in response to low-level nitrogen amendments (16.4 kg nitrogen/ha per year) and exclosure fencing in an old-field grassland. The experimental design consisted of sixteen 0.16-ha plots with 4 replicates of each treatment combination. We predicted that densities, reproductive success, movement probabilities, and survival rates of cotton rats would be greater on nitrogen-amended plots because of greater aboveground biomass and canopy cover. Population densities of cotton rats tended to be highest on fenced nitrogen plots, but densities on unfenced nitrogen plots were similar to those on control and fenced plots. We observed no distinct patterns in survival rates, reproductive success, or movement probabilities with regard to nitrogen treatments. However, survival rates and reproductive success tended to be higher for cotton rats on fenced plots than for those on unfenced plots and this was likely attributable to decreased predation on fenced plots. As low-level nitrogen amendments continue to be applied, we predict that survival, reproduction, and population-growth rates of cotton rats on control plots, especially fenced plots with no nitrogen amendment, will eventually exceed those on nitrogen-amended plots as a result of higher plant-species diversity, greater food availability, and better quality cover. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Agr Expt Stn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 6 BP 994 EP 1003 DI 10.1139/Z03-084 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 711AG UT WOS:000184714500007 ER PT J AU Soukup, JM Becker, S AF Soukup, JM Becker, S TI Role of monocytes and eosinophils in human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; monocytes; eosinophils; cytokines; chemokines; surface markets ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; NASAL SECRETIONS; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; ADULTS; IL-16; BRONCHIOLITIS; RANTES AB RSV infection in airway epithelial cells (EC) results in production of the chemokines RANTES and MIP1alpha and the leukocyte differentiation factor GM-CSF. The chemokines attract monocytes and eosinophils to the site of infection, where GM-CSF may influence their function and differentiation. In turn, these inflammatory cells may limit the progression of RSV infection, as well as initiate immune responses. In the present study, the effect of monocytes and eosinophils on viral replication and infection-dependent release of EC-derived cytokines was investigated. The modulation of immune cell costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR, and the release of the CD4(+) T cell chemoattractant IL-16 were also investigated. Employing immunofluorescence techniques, monocytes and eosinophils in cocultures with infected EC were found to inhibit the spread of RSV to uninfeeted cells. Monocytes also had a significant effect on replication of RSV. Monocytes phagocytized the virus, while eosinophils inhibited reinfection mainly by extracellular means. The release of G-CSF and GM-CSF in the infected cultures was not significantly affected by either monocytes or eosinophils, while RANTES release was significantly decreased. The expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR on monocytes, but not on eosinophils, increased in an RSV-dose-dependent manner. IL-16 release was not induced in RSV-infected EC, but was significantly increased in coculture with monocytes. These results suggest that both monocytes and eosinophils attracted to the site of RSV infection play an important role in confining infection, while RSV-exposed monocytes may be involved in promoting/polarizing immune responses to RSV. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Becker, S (reprint author), EPA Bldg,Human Studies Facil,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 107 IS 3 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S1521-6616(03)00038-X PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 692MR UT WOS:000183665300006 PM 12804531 ER PT J AU Daniels, MJ Selgrade, MK Doerfler, D Gilmour, MI AF Daniels, MJ Selgrade, MK Doerfler, D Gilmour, MI TI Kinetic profile of influenza virus infection in three rat strains SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; A VIRUS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; OZONE EXPOSURE; TNF-ALPHA; PATHOGENESIS; INHALATION AB Influenza is a respiratory tract disease of viral origin that can cause major epidemics in humans. The influenza virus infects and damages epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and causes pneumonia. Lung lesions of mice infected with influenza virus resembles those seen in humans with influenza, and can result in severe and even fatal pneumonia. In contrast, experimental infection of rats with the virus induces a milder form of the disease, with no mortality. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the time course of influenza infection and lung injury in Brown Norway (BN), Fischer-344 (F344), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to ascertain whether genetic background impacts susceptibility to infection and host responses. Rats of each strain were inoculated intranasally with 10,000 plaque-forming units of rat-adapted influenza virus (RAIV), and lungs were assessed at postinoculation hour (PIH) 2, 24, 48, 72, and 144 for viral titer, inflammatory cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and biochemical indicators of lung edema (protein) and injury (lactate dehydrogenase [LD] activity). Virus titer peaked at PIH 24, and was 100-fold higher in the F344 and SD, compared with the BN strain. Alveolar macrophages, LD activity, and total protein concentration were higher in the BN rats, whereas neutrophil numbers and interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activities were greatest in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of F344 and SD rats. The results indicate that F344 and SD rats respond in similar manner to viral infection, whereas viral replication was more limited in BN rats and was associated with a different profile of pulmonary cells. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 697FW UT WOS:000183932400013 PM 12868575 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ White, D Sifneos, JC Master, LL AF Lawler, JJ White, D Sifneos, JC Master, LL TI Rare species and the use of indicator groups for conservation planning SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; BIODIVERSITY; STRATEGIES; SURROGATES; NETWORKS; RICHNESS; HOTSPOTS; AREAS; TAXON AB Indicators of biodiversity have been proposed as a potential tool for selecting areas for conservation when information about species distributions is scarce. Although tests of the concept have produced varied results, sites selected to address indicator groups can include a high proportion of other species. We tested the hypothesis that species at risk of extinction are not likely to be included in sites selected to protect indicator groups. Using a reserve-selection approach, we compared the ability of seven indicator groups-freshwater fish, birds, mammals, freshwater mussels, reptiles, amphibians, and at-risk species of those six taxa-to provide protection for other species in general and at-risk species in particular in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States. Although sites selected with single taxonomic indicator groups provided protection for between 61% and 82% of all other species, no taxonomic group provided protection for more than 58% of all other at-risk species. The failure to cover at-risk species is likely linked to their rarity. By examining the relationship between a species' probability of coverage by each indicator group and the extent of its geographic range within the study area, we found that species with more restricted ranges were less likely to be protected than more widespread species. Furthermore, we found that although sites selected with indicator groups composed primarily of terrestrial species (birds and mammals) included relatively high percentages of those species (82-85%) they included smaller percentages of strictly aquatic species (27-55%). Finally, of both importance and possible utility, we found that at-risk species themselves performed well as an indicator group, covering an average of 84% of all other species. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NatureServe, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 33 TC 104 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 875 EP 882 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01638.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682EF UT WOS:000183077800031 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Boczek, LA Johnson, CH Messer, JW AF Rice, EW Boczek, LA Johnson, CH Messer, JW TI Detection of intrinsic vancomycin resistant enterococci in animal and human feces SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY DEC 16-20, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID MOTILE ENTEROCOCCI; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; VANC-1; WATER; GENES; FARM AB Fecal samples from animal species and humans were analyzed by quantitative culture for enterococci and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Each host species carried enterococci which exhibited intrinsic intermediate resistance to vancomycin and sensitivity to teicoplanin (Van C phenotype). The carriage rate in humans was 9%. Carriage rates varied among animal species with the highest percentages being found in deer, duck, goose, horse and turkey. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(03)00033-6 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 692FW UT WOS:000183651500012 PM 12812721 ER PT J AU Hitchcock, DR McCutcheon, SC Smith, MC AF Hitchcock, DR McCutcheon, SC Smith, MC TI Using rotifer population demographic parameters to assess impacts of the degradation products from trinitrotoluene phytoremediation SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; TNT; ecotoxicology; life tables; algae; rotifers ID BRACHIONUS-CALYCIFLORUS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; NANNOCHLORIS-OCULATA; WATER; DYNAMICS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; FIELD AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the chronic lethal and sublethal aquatic toxicity effects associated with the phytoremediation of water contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by the wetland plant species Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot feather). Rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) feeding on an algal species (Nannochloropsis spp.) were used as the aquatic test organisms. Continuous flow laboratory microcosms were used to quantify effects on rotifer populations from TNT and the primary degradation product aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) during and after phytoremediation. Rotifer demographic parameters from life tables, including survivorship, fecundity, reproductive values, net reproductive rate, generation time, intrinsic growth rate, and life expectancy, were used as measures of treatment effects. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses were performed to determine nitroaromatic concentrations. Results from this study have revealed significant differences in rotifer demographic parameters between microcosms with elevated initial TNT concentrations. Significant differences in demographic parameters also existed between the microcosms that did and did not receive phytoremediation treatment and the control microcosms. Study results have indicated that TNT phytoremediation via artificial wetlands not only may clean up hazardous waste at munitions sites but also may encourage the growth of aquatic populations such as rotifers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hitchcock, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00007-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 680WG UT WOS:000183001800002 PM 12742360 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, EO Cowling, EB AF Ginsburg, EO Cowling, EB TI Future directions in air-quality science, policy, and education SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological Atmospheric Regulatory/Policy/Economic and Educational Issues CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA DE air-quality science; policy recommendations; educational goals AB On February 12-15, 2001, more than 200 scientists, engineers, decision makers, and educators participated in a conference on the "Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological, Atmospheric, Regulatory/Policy, and Educational Issues." Important perspectives are summarized from the keynote addresses of noted scientists and educators, as well as managers in government, industry, and public interest groups. Observations and recommendations are provided to stimulate further thought about how to increase opportunities to make greater use of scientific knowledge in air-quality decision making and to ensure that decisions are effective, economically viable, health and ecologically sound, and socially acceptable. Recommendations are given regarding ways in which communications between scientists and policy makers should be structured so as to make appropriate and effective use of scientists and the knowledge they can provide in policy-making fora. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ginsburg, EO (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27611 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00155-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671JP UT WOS:000182461900002 PM 12676200 ER PT J AU Laurence, JA Andersen, CP AF Laurence, JA Andersen, CP TI Ozone and natural systems: understanding exposure, response, and risk SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological Atmospheric Regulatory/Policy/Economic and Educational Issues CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA DE food webs; below-ground processes; risk assessment ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; PINUS-PONDEROSA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; CARBON; CALIFORNIA AB Research aimed at understanding the response of plants to ozone has been conducted for over four decades but little of it has addressed intact natural systems. Even so, there is sufficient scientific information at this time to support air quality standards that will protect natural terrestrial ecosystems from ozone. What is unknown is the risk associated with continued exposure of natural systems, including both above- and below-ground components, in combination with other stresses including changing temperature and precipitation, elevated carbon dioxide, pests and pathogens, invasive species, and other activities that may fragment the landscape. Research to support an assessment of the ecological risk associated with ozone as it exists, in a milieu of stresses, must include endpoints beyond those addressed in the past, primarily productivity and species composition. To estimate the risk to society of ozone impacts on natural systems, endpoints such as the integrity of soil food webs, the quantity and quality of water supplied from terrestrial ecosystems, wildlife and recreational values, and the transfer and fate of carbon, nutrients, and water within the systems must be quantified. Not only will this research provide the basis for a sound estimate of risk, but also it will improve our understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Laurence, JA (reprint author), USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Serv, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00158-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671JP UT WOS:000182461900005 PM 12676203 ER PT J AU Grantz, DA Garner, JHB Johnson, DW AF Grantz, DA Garner, JHB Johnson, DW TI Ecological effects of particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological Atmospheric Regulatory/Policy/Economic and Educational Issues CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA DE biodiversity; deposition mode; ecosystem response; nitrates; pH; PM-coarse; PM-fine; rhizosphere; trace elements; heavy metals; particulate matter ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FOREST CANOPY; ACID-RAIN; AIR-POLLUTION; RED SPRUCE; LONG-TERM; SEMINATURAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a heterogeneous material. Though regulated as un-speciated mass, it exerts most effects on vegetation and ecosystems by virtue of the mass loading of its chemical constituents. As this varies temporally and spatially, prediction of regional impacts remains difficult. Deposition of PM to vegetated surfaces depends on the size distribution of the particles and, to a lesser extent, on the chemistry. However, chemical loading of an ecosystem may be determined by the size distribution as different constituents dominate different size fractions. Coating with dust may cause abrasion and radiative heating, and may reduce the photosynthetically active photon flux reaching the photosynthetic tissues. Acidic and alkaline materials may cause leaf surface injury while other materials may be taken up across the cuticle. A more likely route for metabolic uptake and impact on vegetation and ecosystems is through the rhizosphere. PM deposited directly to the soil can influence nutrient cycling, especially that of nitrogen, through its effects on the rhizosphere bacteria and fungi. Alkaline cation and aluminum availability are dependent upon the pH of the soil that may be altered dramatically by deposition of various classes of PM. A regional effect of PM on ecosystems is linked to climate change. Increased PM may reduce radiation interception by plant canopies and may reduce precipitation through a variety of physical effects. At the present time, evidence does not support large regional threats due to un-speciated PM, though site-specific and constituent-specific effects can be readily identified. Interactions of PM with other pollutants and with components of climate change remain important areas of research in assessment of challenges to ecosystem stability. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Air Pollut Res Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 172 TC 143 Z9 157 U1 17 U2 105 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00181-2 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671JP UT WOS:000182461900011 PM 12676209 ER PT J AU Leaf, D Verolme, HJH Hunt, WF AF Leaf, D Verolme, HJH Hunt, WF TI Overview of regulatory/policy/economic issues related to carbon dioxide SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological Atmospheric Regulatory/Policy/Economic and Educational Issues CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA DE climate change; greenhouse gases; United Nations; Kyoto Protocol; policy AB This is an overview of Session 2c dealing with the regulatory, policy and economic issues related to carbon dioxide and its impact on global climate change. The information is taken from the two papers presented in this session (the U.S. Perspective by Dennis Leaf and the European Perspective by Hans J.H. Verolme) and from the panel discussion that took place at the end of the session. The overview focuses primarily on the policy responses of both the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) to changes in global atmospheric pollution. To a lesser extent, the progress of policy responses to these changes is discussed. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has been signed and ratified by over 180 countries. The UNFCCC contained no binding targets or timetables for emissions reductions. The Kyoto Protocol [United Nations. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UNEP.IUC/99/10. Chadelaine, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme's Information Unit for Conventions, for the Climate Change Secretariat, 1997] to the UNFCCC did contain targets and timetables for reductions of greenhouse gases on the part of developed countries. The US has signed but not ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The US has experienced some movement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the part of various levels of government, as well as the private sector. The UK's commitment to reducing green house gases is laid down in the UK Climate Change Programme 2000. The UK is a member of the European Union (EU). In this context, an example of EU-wide progress, the voluntary agreement with car manufacturers to reduce CO2 emissions in new vehicles, will be discussed. In addition, there will be some discussion on the UK CO2 trading scheme that created the first market in the world in April 2001. Overall, the policy process is constantly informed by scientific research. In the case of climate change, much of this work is carried out under the auspices of international scientific panels. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. British Embassy, Environm Attache, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hunt, WF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00161-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671JP UT WOS:000182461900019 PM 12676217 ER PT J AU Southerland, JH Evans, R Erisman, JW AF Southerland, JH Evans, R Erisman, JW TI Summary of regulatory/policy/economic issues related to nitrogen SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE regulatory; policy; economic; nitrogen; ammonia; emissions; animal feed lots AB This is a summary of the two presentations from the session that dealt with the regulatory, policy and economic issues related to nitrogen compounds and the need to reduce their emissions. The papers were presented by Ronald Evans and Jan Willem Erisman. Information on ecological impacts of nitrogen species and atmospheric relationships are presented in other papers in this special issue. This summary provides an overview of the discussions from the above presentations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Planning Sect, N Carolina Div Air Qual, Mail Serv Ctr 1641, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, Dept Air Qual & Technol, ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. RP Southerland, JH (reprint author), Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Planning Sect, N Carolina Div Air Qual, Mail Serv Ctr 1641, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RI Erisman, Jan Willem/C-6900-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 327 EP 328 DI 10.1016/S0160-1420(02)00163-0 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671JP UT WOS:000182461900021 PM 12676219 ER PT J AU Stuckey, HT Sattler, ML AF Stuckey, HT Sattler, ML TI Air quality in the 21st century: community outreach in North Central Texas SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological Atmospheric Regulatory/Policy/Economic and Educational Issues CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA DE air quality; Dallas; education; fort worth; ozone; Texas AB Public education campaigns, to be successful, must repeat simple, consistent messages over time, using various sources and media. During the 2000, 2001, and 2002 ozone seasons, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) employed a four-pronged, multimedia approach to educate the public about air quality in the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) region. The four-pronged approach included several varied information sources: The new Air Pollution Watch/Warning system based on public health and designed using standard meteorological terminology with notices delivered via e-mail, over the radio, during TV weather forecasts, and on electronic road signs. A revamped Web page, including information about current air quality, ozone exceedances, clean air public meetings, and how to "Do Your Share for Cleaner Air". A PowerPoint presentation used to explain the basics of ozone air pollution, the new Air Pollution Watch/Warning system, and the new Dallas/Fort Worth Clean Air Plan to a variety of constituencies, including the media, scientific/technical/academic groups, elected officials, and community/civic organizations. Newsletter updates, published in the Environmental Resources Department's InsidER (with a circulation of around 1500), to educate and keep the public up-to-date about various air quality issues. This paper provides details about the four-pronged approach, and how it incorporates principles of successful public education campaigns. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP Sattler, ML (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 19308, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RI Sattler, Melanie/F-3734-2015 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00167-8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671JP UT WOS:000182461900025 PM 12676223 ER PT J AU Liu, LJS Box, M Kalman, D Kaufman, J Koenig, J Larson, T Lumley, T Sheppard, L Wallace, L AF Liu, LJS Box, M Kalman, D Kaufman, J Koenig, J Larson, T Lumley, T Sheppard, L Wallace, L TI Exposure assessment of particulate matter for susceptible populations in Seattle SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; CHD; COPD; infiltration efficiency; longitudinal correlation; personal cloud; PM2.5; wood smoke ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; OUTDOOR CONCENTRATIONS; FINE PARTICLES; EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; COARSE PARTICLES; CASE-CROSSOVER; INDOOR; AMBIENT AB In this article we present results from a 2-year comprehensive exposure assessment study that examined the particulate matter (PM) exposures and health effects in 108 individuals with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and asthma. The average personal exposures to PM with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mum (PM2.5) were similar to the average outdoor PM2.5 concentrations but significantly higher than the average indoor concentrations. Personal PM2.5 exposures in our study groups were lower than those reported in other panel studies of susceptible populations. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5, PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameters < 10 mum), and the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 were significantly higher during the heating season. The increase in outdoor PM10 in winter was primarily due to an increase in the PM2.5 fraction. A similar seasonal variation was found for personal PM2.5. The high-risk subjects in our study engaged in an equal amount of dust-generating activities compared with the healthy elderly subjects. The children in the study experienced the highest indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Personal PM2.5 exposures varied by study group, with elderly healthy and CHD subjects having the lowest exposures and asthmatic children having the highest exposures. Within study groups, the PM2.5 exposure varied depending on residence because of different particle infiltration efficiencies. Although we found a wide range of longitudinal correlations between central-site and personal PM2.5 measurements, the longitudinal r is closely related to the particle infiltration efficiency. PM2.5 exposures among the COPD and CHD subjects can be predicted with relatively good power with a microenvironmental model composed of three microenvironments. The prediction power is the lowest for the asthmatic children. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. RP Liu, LJS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Box 354695, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008; OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037; Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES07033] NR 48 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 49 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1289/ehp.6011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900028 PM 12782491 ER PT J AU Windham, GC Waller, K Anderson, M Fenster, L Mendola, P Swan, S AF Windham, GC Waller, K Anderson, M Fenster, L Mendola, P Swan, S TI Chlorination by-products in drinking water and menstrual cycle function SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chlorination by-products; drinking water; environmental health; menstrual cycle; ovarian function; reproductive health; trihalomethanes ID SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; LONGITUDINAL DATA; BIRTH OUTCOMES; TRIHALOMETHANES; CONSUMPTION; METABOLITES; ASSOCIATION AB We analyzed data from a prospective study of menstrual cycle function and early pregnancy loss to explore further the effects of trihalomethanes (THM) on reproductive end points. Premenopausal women (n = 403) collected urine samples daily during an average of 5.6 cycles for measurement of steroid metabolites that were used to define menstrual parameters such as cycle and phase length. Women were asked about consumption of various types of water as well as other habits and demographics. A THM level was estimated for each cycle based on residence and quarterly measurements made by water utilities during a 90-day period beginning 60 days before the cycle start date. We found a monotonic decrease in mean cycle length with increasing total THM (TTHM) level; at > 60 mug/L, the adjusted decrement was 1.1 days [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.8 to -0.40], compared with less than or equal to 40 mug/L. This finding was also reflected as a reduced follicular phase length (difference -0.94 day; 95% CI, -1.6 to -0.24). A decrement in cycle and follicular phase length of 0.18 days (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.07) per 10 mug/L unit increase in TTHM concentration was found. There was little association with luteal phase length, menses length, or cycle va-riabdity. Examining the individual THMs by quartile, we found the greatest association with chlorodibromomethane or the sum of the brominated compounds. Incorporating tap water consumption showed a similar pattern of reduced cycle length with increasing TTHM exposure. These findings suggest that THM exposure may affect ovarian function and should be confirmed in other studies. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Sequoia Fdn, La Jolla, CA USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA. RP Windham, GC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, 1515 Clay St,Suite 1700, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1289/ehp.5922 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900032 PM 12782495 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Kyle, AD Schoendorf, KC AF Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Kyle, AD Schoendorf, KC TI Disparities in exposure to air pollution during pregnancy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; birth outcomes; criteria air pollutants; environmental justice ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; INDUSTRIAL SOURCES; INFANT-MORTALITY; ACID AEROSOLS; ASTHMA AB Previous research shows poorer birth outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and for persons with low socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated whether mothers in groups at higher risk for poor birth outcomes live in areas of higher air pollution and whether higher exposure to air pollution contributes to poor birth outcomes. An index representing long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants was matched with birth certificate data at the county level for the United States in 1998-1999. We used linear regression to estimate associations between the air pollution index and maternal race and educational attainment, a marker for SES of the mother, controlling for age, Parity, marital status, and region of the country. Then we used logistic regression models both to estimate likelihood of living in counties with the highest levels of air pollution for different racial groups and by educational attainment, adjusting for other maternal risk factors, and to estimate the effect of living in counties with higher levels of air pollution on preterm delivery and births small for gestational age (SGA). Hispanic, African-American, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers experienced higher mean levels of air pollution and were more than twice as likely to live in the most polluted counties compared with white mothers after controlling for maternal risk factors, region, and educational status [Hispanic mothers: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.92-11.32; African-American mothers: AOR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; Asian/Pacific Islander mothers: AOR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.07-7.39]. Educational attainment was not associated with living in counties with highest levels of the air pollution index (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40-2.26) after adjusting for maternal risk factors, region of the country, and race/ethnicity. There was a small increase in the odds of preterm delivery (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) but not SGA (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1-07) in a county with high air pollution. Additional risk of residing in areas with poor air, quality may exacerbate health problems of infants and children already at increased risk for poor health. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 75 Hawthorne St,SPE-1, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 44 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 942 EP + DI 10.1289/ehp.5317 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900033 PM 12782496 ER PT J AU Gavett, SH AF Gavett, SH TI World Trade Center fine particulate matter - Chemistry and toxic respiratory effects: An overview SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Pulmonary Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Pulmonary Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B143-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 971 EP 971 DI 10.1289/ehp.6278 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900037 PM 12782500 ER PT J AU McGee, JK Chen, LC Cohen, MD Chee, GR Prophete, CM Haykal-Coates, N Wasson, SJ Conner, TL Costa, DL Gavett, SH AF McGee, JK Chen, LC Cohen, MD Chee, GR Prophete, CM Haykal-Coates, N Wasson, SJ Conner, TL Costa, DL Gavett, SH TI Chemical analysis of World Trade Center fine particulate matter for use in toxicologic assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE carbon analysis; ICP-AES; ICP-MS; inhalation toxicology; neutron activation analysis; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence ID TRANSITION-METALS; LOWER MANHATTAN; ASH; AEROSOL; INFLAMMATION; INHALATION; EXPOSURES; SAMPLE; INJURY; MICE AB The catastrophic destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 caused the release of high levels of airborne pollutants into the local environment. To assess the toxicity of fine particulate matter [particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mum (PM2.5)], which may adversely affect the health of workers and residents in the area, we collected fallen dust samples on 12 and 13 September 2001 from sites within a half-mile of Ground Zero. Samples of WTC dust were Sieved, aerosolized, and size-separated, and the PM2.5 fraction was isolated on filters. Here we report the chemical and physical properties of PM2.5 derived from these samples and compare them with PM2.5 fractions of three reference materials that range in toxicity from relatively inert to acutely toxic (Mt. St. Helens PM; Washington, DC, ambient air PM; and residual oil fly ash). X-ray diffraction of very coarse sieved WTC PM (< 53 mum) identified calcium sulfate (gypsum) and calcium carbonate (calcite) as major components. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that calcium-sulfar and calcium-carbon particles were also present in the WTC PM2.5 fraction. Analysis of WTC PM2.5 using X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry showed high levels of calcium (range, 22-33%) and sulfur (37-43% as sulfate) and much lower levels of transition metals and other elements. Aqueous extracts of WrC PM2.5 were basic (pH range, 8.9-10.0) and had no evidence of significant bacterial contamination. Levels of carbon were relatively low, suggesting that combustion-derived particles did not form a significant fraction of these samples recovered in the immediate aftermath of the destruction of the towers. Because gypsum and calcite are known to cause irritation of the mucus membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, inhalation of high doses of WTC PM2.5 could potentially cause toxic respiratory effects. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B143-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260] NR 36 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 972 EP 980 DI 10.1289/ehp.5930 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900038 PM 12782501 ER PT J AU Gavett, SH Haykal-Coates, N Highfill, JW Ledbetter, AD Chen, LC Cohen, MD Harkema, JR Wagner, JG Costa, DL AF Gavett, SH Haykal-Coates, N Highfill, JW Ledbetter, AD Chen, LC Cohen, MD Harkema, JR Wagner, JG Costa, DL TI World Trade Center fine particulate matter causes respiratory tract hyperresponsiveness in mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE airway hyperresponsiveness; inflammation; neutrophil; nose-only inhalation; oropharyngeal aspiration; risk assessment ID AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; LUNG INJURY; ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; ASH; INHALATION; ANIMALS; METALS; INFLAMMATION; DEPOSITION AB Pollutants originating from the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City on 11 September 2001 have been reported to cause adverse respiratory responses in rescue workers and nearby residents. We examined whether WTC-derived fine particulate matter [particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mum (PM2.5)] has detrimental respiratory effects in mice to contribute to the risk assessment of WTC-derived pollutants. Samples of WTC PM2.5 were derived from settled dust collected at several locations around Ground Zero on 12 and 13 September 2001. Aspirated samples of WTC PM2.5 induced mild to moderate degrees of pulmonary inflammation 1 day after exposure but only at a relatively high dose (100 mug). This response was not as great as that caused by 100 muG PM2.5 derived from residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or Washington, DC, ambient air PM [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1649a]. However, this same dose of WTC PM2.5 caused airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine aerosol comparable to that from SRM 1649a and to a greater degree than that from ROFA. Mice exposed to lower doses by aspiration or inhalation exposure did not develop significant inflammation or hyperresponsiveness. These results show that exposure to high levels of WTC PM2.5 can promote mechanisms of airflow obstruction in mice. Airborne concentrations of WTC PM2.5 that would cause comparable doses in people are high (similar to 425 mug/m(3) for 8 hr) but conceivable in the aftermath of the collapse of the towers when rescue and salvage efforts were in effect. We conclude that a high-level exposure to WTC PM2.5 could cause pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in people. The effects of chronic exposures to lower levels of WTC PM2.5, the persistence of any respiratory effects, and the effects of coarser WTC PM are unknown and were not examined in these studies. Degree of exposure and respiratory protection, individual differences in sensitivity to WTC PM2.5, and species differences in responses must be considered in assessing the risks of exposure to WTC PM2.5. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gavett, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Code B143-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260] NR 37 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 981 EP 991 DI 10.1289/ehp.5931 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900039 PM 12782502 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Pai, N Eisenberg, JNS Colford, JM AF Wade, TJ Pai, N Eisenberg, JNS Colford, JM TI Do US Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop for Committee-of-Indicators-for-Waterborne-Pathogens CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Committee Indicators Waterborne Pathogens DE bathing water; diarrhea; gastrointestinal illness; indicator organisms; meta-analysis; swimming; systematic review; water quality ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; HEALTH RISKS; SEA-WATER; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; DOMESTIC SEWAGE; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; MARINE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; GASTROENTERITIS AB Despite numerous studies, uncertainty remains about how water quality indicators can best be used in the regulation of recreational water. We conducted a systematic review of this topic with the goal of quantifying the association between microbial indicators of recreational water quality and gastrointestinal (GI) illness. A secondary goal was to evaluate the potential for GI illness below current guidelines. We screened 976 potentially relevant studies and from these identified 27 studies. From the latter, we determined summary relative risks for GI illness in relation to water quality indicator density. Our results support the use of enterococci in marine water at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline levels. In fresh water, Escherichia coli was a more consistent predictor of GI illness than are enterococci and other bacterial indicators. A log (base 10) unit increase in enterococci was associated with a 1.34 [95% confidence intervals (0), 1.00-1.75] increase in relative risk in marine waters, and a log (base 10) unit increase in E. coli was associated with a 2.12 (95% Cl, 0.925-4-85) increase in relative risk in fresh water. Indicators of viral contamination were strong predictors of GI illness in both fresh and marine environments. Significant heterogeneity was noted among the studies. In our analysis of heterogeneity, studies that used a nonswimming control group, studies that focused on children, and studies of athletic or other recreational events found elevated relative risks. Future studies should focus on the ability of new, more rapid and specific microbial methods to predict health effects, and estimating the risks of recreational water exposure among susceptible persons. C1 US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU916961-01] NR 75 TC 219 Z9 226 U1 9 U2 41 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1102 EP 1109 DI 10.1289/ehp.6241 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 700QG UT WOS:000184122200010 PM 12826481 ER PT J AU Germolec, DR Kimber, I Goldman, L Selgrade, M AF Germolec, DR Kimber, I Goldman, L Selgrade, M TI Key issues for the assessment of the allergenic potential of genetically modified foods: Breakout group reports SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE animal models; food allergy; hazard identification; IgE; immunoassay; postmarket surveillance; safety assessment; sensitization; skin prick test; threshold ID LEGUME BOTANICAL FAMILY; DOUBLE-BLIND; CROSS-REACTIVITY; PEANUT ALLERGY; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; CHILDREN; CHALLENGES; SENSITIZATION AB On the final afternoon of the workshop "Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods," held 10-12 December 2001 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, speakers and participants met in breakout groups to discuss specific questions in the areas of use of human clinical data, animal models to assess food allergy, biomarkers of exposure and effect, sensitive populations, dose-response assessment, and postmarket surveillance. Each group addressed general questions regarding allergenicity of genetically modified foods and specific questions for each subject area. This article is a brief summary of the discussions of each of the six breakout groups regarding our current state of knowledge and what information is needed to advance the field. C1 NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Germolec, DR (reprint author), NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1139 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 700QG UT WOS:000184122200015 PM 12826486 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK Kimber, I Goldman, L Germolec, DR AF Selgrade, MK Kimber, I Goldman, L Germolec, DR TI Assessment of allergenic potential of genetically modified foods: An agenda for future research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; food allergy; genetically modified food; hazard identification; research needs AB Speakers and participants in the workshop "Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods" met in breakout groups to discuss a number of issues including needs for future research. These groups agreeed that research should progress quickly in the area of hazard identification and that a need exists for more basic research to understand the mechanisms underlying food allergy. A list of research needs was developed. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1140 EP 1141 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 700QG UT WOS:000184122200016 PM 12826487 ER PT J AU Tran, LT Knight, CG O'Neill, RV Smith, ER O'Connell, M AF Tran, LT Knight, CG O'Neill, RV Smith, ER O'Connell, M TI Self-organizing maps for integrated environmental SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental assessment; self-organizing map; principal component analysis; cumulative impact ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE PATTERN METRICS; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; NEURAL NETWORKS; WATER; VULNERABILITY; MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; HEALTH AB A new method has been developed to perform environmental assessment at regional scale. This involves a combination of a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and principal component analysis (PCA). The method is capable of clustering ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting relative cumulative environmental impacts of multiple factors across a large region. Using data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, the method was able to indicate areas that are in relatively poor environmental condition or vulnerable to future deterioration. Combining the strengths of SOM with those of PCA, the method offers an easy and useful way to perform a regional environmental assessment. Compared with traditional clustering and ranking approaches, the described method has considerable advantages, such as providing a valuable means for visualizing complex multidimensional environmental data at multiple scales and offering a single assessment or ranking needed for a regional environmental assessment while still facilitating the opportunity for more detailed analyses. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Integrated Reg Assessment, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. TN & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Warratah Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Integrated Reg Assessment, 2217 Earth & Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 822 EP 835 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-2917-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711AK UT WOS:000184714800012 PM 14565701 ER PT J AU Didonato, GT Summers, JK Roush, TH AF Didonato, GT Summers, JK Roush, TH TI Assessing the ecological condition of a coastal plain watershed using a probabilistic survey design SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; Escambia River; Florida; probabilistic design; Stream Condition Index ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK; POLLUTION; INDEX AB Using a probabilistic survey design, we assessed the ecological condition of the Florida (U.S.A.) portion of the Escambia River watershed using selected environmental and benthic macroinvertebrate data. Macroinvertebrates were sampled at 28 sites during July-August 1996, and 3414 individuals were identified. Taxonomic data were distilled into the 8 m of the Stream Condition Index ( SCI), developed specifically for Florida waterways, and sites were classified on an ordinal scale as very good, good, poor, and very poor. The weighted cumulative distribution function of the SCI showed that 8% ( +/- 7) of the stream and river miles in this landscape were in very good condition, while 25% (+/- 7), 51% (+/- 16), and 16% (+/- 15) were in good, poor, and very poor condition, respectively. The only environmental parameter significantly correlated with SCI was dissolved oxygen (DO), and two sites classified as very poor had oxygen levels around or below 2 mg L-1. However, other sites exhibited similarly low SCI values without the attendant low DO, implying that factors determining site condition were complex and multivariate. The results of this survey corroborate Federal and state assessments demonstrating that many locations within this watershed exhibit significant degradation. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Summers, JK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1023/A:1023348931931 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 668MZ UT WOS:000182298900001 PM 12807254 ER PT J AU Paatero, P Hopke, PK Hoppenstock, J Eberly, SI AF Paatero, P Hopke, PK Hoppenstock, J Eberly, SI TI Advanced factor analysis of spatial distributions of PM2.5 in the eastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; IN-SPACE RMAPS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE SULFUR; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; APPORTIONMENT; MODEL; VERMONT; BOSTON; URBAN AB This work analyzes PM2.5 24-h average concentrations measured every third day at over 300 locations in the eastern United States during 2000. The non-negative factor analytic model, Positive Matrix Factorization, has been enhanced by modeling the dependence of PM2.5 concentrations on temperature, humidity, pressure, ozone concentrations, and wind velocity vectors. The model comprises 12 general factors, augmented by 5 urban-only factors intended to represent excess concentration present in urban locations only. The computed factor components or concentration fields are displayed as concentration maps, one for each factor, showing how much each factor contributes to the average concentration at each location. The factors are also displayed as flux maps that illustrate the spatial movement of PM2.5 aerosol, thus enabling one to pinpoint potential source areas of PM2.5. The quality of the results was investigated by examining how well the model reproduces especially high concentrations of PM2.5 on specific days at specific locations. Delimiting the spatial extent of all such factors that exhibit a clear regional maximum surrounded by an almost-zero outer domain lowered the uncertainty in the computed results. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 5705, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2460 EP 2476 DI 10.1021/es0261978 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 685CB UT WOS:000183242300044 PM 12831032 ER PT J AU Su, CM Puls, RW AF Su, CM Puls, RW TI In situ remediation of arsenic in simulated groundwater using zerovalent iron: Laboratory column tests on combined effects of phosphate and silicate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; OXIDE MINERALS; REMOVAL; GOETHITE; WATER; CHROMATE; FERRIHYDRITE; MOLYBDATE; SPECIATION AB We performed three column tests to study the behavior of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) materials to remove arsenic under dynamic flow conditions in the absence as well as in the presence of added phosphate and silicate. The column consisted of a 10.3 cm depth of 50:50 (w:w, Peerless iron:sand) in the middle and a 10.3 cm depth of a sediment from Elizabeth City, NC, in both upper and lower portions of the 31-cm-long glass column (2.5 cm in diameter) with three side sampling ports. The flow velocity (upflow mode) was maintained at 4.3 m d(-1) during the 3-4-month experiments. As expected, dissolved As concentrations in different positions of the column generally followed the order: column influent > bottom port effluent > middle port effluent > top port effluent > column effluent. The steady-state As removal in the middle Peerless iron and sand mixture zone might be attributed to the continuous supply of corroded iron in the form of iron oxides and hydroxides that served as the sorbents for both As(V) and As(III). Consistent with previous batch study findings, dissolved phosphate (0.5 or I mg of P L-1) and silicate (10 or 20 mg of Si L-1) showed strong inhibition for As(V) and As(III) (1 mg of As(V) L-1 + 1 mg of As(III) L-1 in 7 mM NaCl + 0.86 mM CaSO4) removal by Peerless iron in the column tests. The presence of combined phosphate and silicate resulted in earlier breakthrough (C = 0.5 C-0) and earlier complete breakthrough of dissolved arsenic relative to absence of added phosphate and silicate in the bottom port effluent. Competition between As(V)/As(III) and phosphate/silicate for the sorption sites on the corrosion products of Peerless iron seems to be the cause of the observations. This effect is especially important in the case of silicate for designing a PRB of zerovalent iron for field use because dissolved silicate is ubiquitous in terrestrial waters. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 47 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2582 EP 2587 DI 10.1021/es026351q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 685CB UT WOS:000183242300059 PM 12831047 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Kahl, MD Korte, JJ Hornung, MW Henry, TR Denny, JS Leino, RL Wilson, VS Cardon, MC Hartig, PC Gray, LE AF Ankley, GT Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Kahl, MD Korte, JJ Hornung, MW Henry, TR Denny, JS Leino, RL Wilson, VS Cardon, MC Hartig, PC Gray, LE TI Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-beta-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 17-beta-trenbolone; fathead minnow; reproduction; endocrine function ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; IN-VITRO; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; STW EFFLUENT; RIVER WATER; VITELLOGENIN; IDENTIFICATION; RECEPTOR AB Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic steroid that is extensively used in the United States as a growth promoter in beef cattle. The acetate is administered to livestock via slow-release implants; some is converted by the animal to 17-beta-trenbolone, a relatively potent androgen receptor agonist in mammalian systems. Recent studies indicate that excreted 17-beta-trenbolone is comparatively stable in animal waste, suggesting the potential for exposure to aquatic animals via direct discharge, runoff, or both. However, little is known concerning the toxicity of trenbolone to fish. Our goal was to assess the effects of 17-beta-trenbolone on reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). An in vitro competitive binding study with the fathead minnow androgen receptor demonstrated that 17-beta-trenbolone had a higher affinity for the receptor than that of the endogenous ligand, testosterone. Male and female fish were exposed for 21 d to nominal (target) concentrations of 17-beta-trenbolone ranging from 0.005 to 50 mug/L. Fecundity of the fish was significantly reduced by exposure to measured test concentrations greater than or equal to 0.027 mug/ L. The 17-beta-trenbolone was clearly androgenic in vivo at these concentrations, as evidenced by the de novo production in females of dorsal (nuptial) tubercles, structures normally present only on the heads of mature males. Plasma steroid (testosterone and beta-estradiol) and vitellogenin concentrations in the females all were significantly reduced by exposure to 17-beta-trenbolone. The 17-beta-trenbolone also altered reproductive physiology of male fathead minnows, albeit at concentrations much higher than those producing effects in females. Males exposed to 17-beta-trenbolone at 41 mug/L (measured) exhibited decreased plasma concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone and increased concentrations of beta-estradiol and vitellogenin. Overall, our studies indicate that 17-beta-trenbolone is a potent androgen and reproductive toxicant in fish. Given the widespread use of trenbolone acetate as a growth promoter, and relative stability of its metabolites in animal wastes, further studies are warranted to assess potential ecological risk. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 50 TC 249 Z9 255 U1 7 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1350 EP 1360 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<1350:EOTAGP>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CQ UT WOS:000185639100023 PM 12785594 ER PT J AU Chen, JJ Chen, YJ Teuschler, LK Rice, G Hamernik, K Protzel, A Kodell, RL AF Chen, JJ Chen, YJ Teuschler, LK Rice, G Hamernik, K Protzel, A Kodell, RL TI Cumulative risk assessment for quantitative response data SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE chemical mixture; classification tree; point of departure (POD); relative potency factor (RPF); similar action AB The Relative Potency Factor approach (RPF) is used to normalize and combine different toxic potencies among a group of chemicals selected for cumulative risk assessment. The RPF method assumes that the slopes of the dose-response functions are all equal; but this method depends on the choice of the index chemical, i.e. different index chemicals will give different predicted mean estimates. This article is part of an approach to explore and develop cumulative risk assessment strategies. As part of this approach this article proposes a procedure for cumulative risk assessment from exposure to multiple chemicals that have a common mechanism of toxicity. We propose two classification algorithms to cluster the chemicals into subclasses such that the chemicals in the same subclass have a common slope. The joint response is estimated by fitting the dose-response model of the mixture under dose addition. The proposed method will give the same predicted mean response regardless of the selection of the index chemical for the chemicals in the same subclass. The proposed method also allows one to estimate the joint response for chemicals having different slopes. An example data set of six hypothetical pesticide chemicals is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US FDA, NCTR, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chen, JJ (reprint author), US FDA, NCTR, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, HFT-20, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1002/env.587 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 686DT UT WOS:000183306600001 ER PT J AU Wireman, M AF Wireman, M TI EPA update: Characterization and management of ground water resources in fractured-rock hydrogeologic settings SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Wireman, M (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2003.tb00681.x PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 716FF UT WOS:000185017600004 ER PT J AU Hankin, NN AF Hankin, NN TI Comment on: Non-ionizing radiation, part 1: Static and extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph (vol. 80), 2002 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Ctr Sci & Risk Assessment, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hankin, NN (reprint author), US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Ctr Sci & Risk Assessment, Radiat Protect Div, 6608J,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 BP 788 EP 788 DI 10.1097/00004032-200306000-00013 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 682XL UT WOS:000183117600013 PM 12822590 ER PT J AU Edwards, J Tupin, E Marcinowski, F Boyd, M AF Edwards, J Tupin, E Marcinowski, F Boyd, M TI Falling star - A radiological and hazardous exercise with the environmental protection agency as lead federal agency. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S202 EP S203 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000154 ER PT J AU Klawiter, KA AF Klawiter, KA TI Overview of MARSAME SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S262 EP S262 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000321 ER PT J AU Lowry, RC Saunders, D AF Lowry, RC Saunders, D TI Prototype tests of gamma spectroscopy systems for near-real-time ambient air monitoring SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Air & Radiat Env Lab, Montgomery, AL 36106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S264 EP S264 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000328 ER PT J AU Marcinowski, F Boyd, MA AF Marcinowski, F Boyd, MA TI Proposed changes to federal radiation protection guidance for the general public. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S238 EP S238 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000259 ER PT J AU Marcinowski, F Edwards, J Tupin, E Boyd, M AF Marcinowski, F Edwards, J Tupin, E Boyd, M TI Formation of the department of homeland security and its effect on the environmental protection agency's radiological emergency response. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S203 EP S203 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000156 ER PT J AU Napier, BA Chaki, S AF Napier, BA Chaki, S TI Comparison of CAP88-PC and GENII-NESHAPS version 2 results for chronic atmospheric releases. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NE Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S244 EP S244 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000273 ER PT J AU Petullo, C AF Petullo, C TI Multi-Agency Radiation Survey & Site Investigaton Manual (MARSSIM) overview & update SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, USPHS, MARSSIM, Las Vegas, NV 89149 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S261 EP S261 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000319 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS AF Puskin, JS TI Smoking as a confounder in ecologic correlations of cancer mortality rates with average county radon levels. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S209 EP S209 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000173 ER PT J AU Tupin, EA Edwards, J Marcinowski, F AF Tupin, EA Edwards, J Marcinowski, F TI Protective action guides for recovery and re-entry. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Rockville, MD 20851 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S203 EP S203 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000155 ER PT J AU Walker, SW AF Walker, SW TI The USNRC/USEPA MOU on D&D: What EPA thinks it says and means SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S214 EP S214 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000188 ER PT J AU Walker, SW AF Walker, SW TI Superfund radiation policies SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000185 ER PT J AU Yu, C LePoire, D Kamboj, S Klett, T Arnish, J Cheng, JJ Hlohowskij, I Domotor, S Higley, K Graham, R Newkirk, P Boyd, M Harris, T AF Yu, C LePoire, D Kamboj, S Klett, T Arnish, J Cheng, JJ Hlohowskij, I Domotor, S Higley, K Graham, R Newkirk, P Boyd, M Harris, T TI RESRAD-BIOTA: A new code for evaluating environmental radiation doses tooecological receptors. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S193 EP S194 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000131 ER PT J AU Teuschler, LK Simmons, JE AF Teuschler, LK Simmons, JE TI Approaching DBP toxicity as a mixture problem SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER SOURCE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BLADDER-CANCER; MALE B6C3F(1); RISK; SALMONELLA; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; TRIHALOMETHANES AB Positive epidemiologic and toxicologic studies underline the need for assessment of human health risks from ubiquitous exposures to mixtures of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Typical human exposures to DBPs are at extremely low levels; thus, health risk is likely to be attributable to multiple, rather than single, DBP exposures. This article suggests three approaches to evaluating health risks from DBP mixtures: (1) toxicologic studies of simple defined mixtures, (2) toxicologic studies using reproducible disinfection scenario samples, and (3) toxicologic or epidemiologic studies conducted directly on drinking water samples. The authors believe all three approaches are valid and can provide data applicable to DBP risk assessment. They also postulate that single-chemical toxicologic studies are, by themselves, insufficient-to fully characterize DBP health risks. A concentrated effort by a multidisciplinary team of researchers is necessary to generate appropriate DBP mixtures health data. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Teuschler, LK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 688QT UT WOS:000183447800018 ER PT J AU Clegg, SL Seinfeld, JH Edney, EO AF Clegg, SL Seinfeld, JH Edney, EO TI Thermodynamic modelling of aqueous aerosols containing electrolytes and dissolved organic compounds. II. An extended Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson approach SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aqueous aerosols; thermodynamic model; activity coefficients; Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson ID 298.15 K; WATER ACTIVITIES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; CHEMICAL-POTENTIALS; SALT SOLUTIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; MULTICOMPONENT; EQUILIBRIUM AB The Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) equation, or linear isopiestic relation, can be used to estimate osmotic and activity coefficients of multicomponent mixtures, based on the properties of pure (single solute) solutions. We have generalised an extension to the ZSR equation (for ternary mixtures) to systems containing an indefinite number of solutes, and derived the corresponding equations for solute activity coefficients. The new model is tested by calculating salt solubilities in Na+/NH4+/Cl-/SO42- aqueous solutions, liquid-liquid phase equilibrium in the acetone/glycerol/water system, and thermodynamic properties of aqueous NaCl/sucrose solutions (all at 298.15 K). The mixture parameters, up to three for each pair of solutes, significantly increase the accuracy of the method. It is least satisfactory for solutions containing both electrolytes and non-electrolytes, and it was found that the ZSR equation predicts activity coefficients of trace amounts of non-electrolytes in salt solutions that do not conform to the Setchenow relationship. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US EPA, Natl Explos Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Clegg, SL (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 667 EP 690 DI 10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00019-3 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 691EY UT WOS:000183593300001 ER PT J AU Imhoff, PT Mann, AS Mercer, M Fitzpatrick, M AF Imhoff, PT Mann, AS Mercer, M Fitzpatrick, M TI Scaling DNAPL migration from the laboratory to the field SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL); scaling; inspectional analysis; models; laboratory experiments ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FLOW; MOBILIZATION; REMEDIATION; SOLUBILITY; TRANSPORT; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AB A particular problem with the release of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) into the environment is identifying where the DNAPL is and if it is still moving. This question is particularly important at sites where thousands of cubic meters of DNAPLs were disposed of To date, results from laboratory models have not been scaled to predict analogous migration at the larger length and time scales appropriate for sites where large volumes of DNAPLs were released. Modified inspectional analysis is a technique for developing scaling relationships through nondimensionalizing the governing equations. It was applied in this study to scale observations of DNAPL migration in a laboratory model to four hypothetical scenarios in the field where large volumes of DNAPL were released. One scenario was compared to a large DNAPL spill site. The length and time scales of DNAPL movement predicted from our analysis are consistent with those predicted from a numerical model of this site. To our knowledge, this is the first application of modified inspectional analysis for release of DNAPLs in a laboratory model. This methodology may prove useful for scaling results from other laboratory investigations of DNAPL migration to field-scale systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste Correct Act Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Imhoff, PT (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 301 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Imhoff, Paul/B-5085-2013 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00106-7 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 684DJ UT WOS:000183189900004 PM 12744830 ER PT J AU Shen, SB Tyagi, RD Blais, JF Surampalli, RY AF Shen, SB Tyagi, RD Blais, JF Surampalli, RY TI Bacterial leaching of metals from tannery sludge by indigenous sulphur-oxidizing bacteria - Effect of sludge solids concentration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE sludge treatment; chromium; leaching; metals; bacteria ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; CHROMIUM RECOVERY; REMOVAL; SPECIATION; OXIDATION; DIGESTION; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; CR(III) AB An investigation on the effect of sludge solids concentration on bioleaching of Cr(Ill) and other metals from tannery sludge by indigenous sulphur-oxidizing bacteria was carried out. The sludge solids concentrations ranged from 13 to 60 g/L. The concentration of elemental sulphur was fixed at 30 g/L. The results showed that the lowest pH reached after 25 days of bioleaching at all studied sludge solids concentration was about 1.3. The optimum sludge solids concentration for maximum metal leaching from tannery sludge was 40 g/L and about 87% of Cr(III), 73% of Al, 72% of Fe, 62% of Mg, and 73% of Zn could be leached in this case. During bioleaching, the concentrations of total and volatile suspended solids of the tannery sludge significantly decreased. The sulphur-oxidizing bacteria could tolerate a Cr(III) concentration as high as 5,930 mg/L at pH 1.3. The leaching efficiencies of Cr(III), Al, and Fe for both chemical leaching and bioleaching of tannery sludge were similar at pH 1.3. The leaching efficiency of Ca, Mg, and Zn in both leaching processes were identical for pH values in the range of 1.3 to 3.0. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, 2700 Rue Einstein,Bur 105,CP 7500, St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 6 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:6(513) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680CD UT WOS:000182958000005 ER PT J AU Schulte, PJ Brooks, JR AF Schulte, PJ Brooks, JR TI Branch junctions and the flow of water through xylem in Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine stems SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductance; modelling; resistance; tracheids; water flow ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; THUJA-OCCIDENTALIS; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; VASCULAR ANATOMY; FOLIAGE AREA; TREES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ARCHITECTURE; CONDUCTANCE; RESPONSES AB Water flowing through the xylem from the roots to the leaves of most plants must pass through junctions where branches have developed from the main stem. These junctions have been studied as both flow constrictions and components of a hydraulic segmentation mechanism to protect the main axes of the plant. The hydraulic nature of the branch junction also affects the degree to which branches interact and can respond to changes in flow to other branches. The junctions from shoots of two conifer species were studied, with particular emphasis on the coupling between the downstream branches. Flow was observed qualitatively by forcing stain through the junctions and the resulting patterns showed that flow into a branch was confined to just part of the subtending xylem until a considerable distance below the junction. Junctions were studied quantitatively by measuring flow rates in a branch before and after flow was stopped in an adjacent branch and by measuring the hydraulic resistance of the components of the junction. Following flow stoppage in the adjacent branch, flow into the remaining branch increased, but considerably less than predicted based on a simple resistance analogue for the branch junction that assumes the two branches are fully coupled. The branches downstream from a junction, therefore, appear to be limited in their interconnectedness and hence in their ability to interact. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Schulte, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 54 IS 387 BP 1597 EP 1605 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg169 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 682LK UT WOS:000183093100012 PM 12730265 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Coulston, JW Wickham, JD AF Riitters, KH Coulston, JW Wickham, JD TI Localizing national fragmentation statistics with forest type maps SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; GIS; Montreal Process ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; ROADS AB Fragmentation of forest types is an indicator of biodiversity in the Montreal Process, but the available national data permit assessment of only overall forestland fragmentation, not forest type fragmentation. Here we illustrate how to localize national statistics from the 2003 National Report on Sustainable Forests by combining state vegetation maps with national forestland fragmentation maps. The degree and scale of fragmentation of different forest types can be gauged from the amount of forestland that meets certain fragmentation thresholds at multiple scales of analysis. C1 USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 4 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 683DP UT WOS:000183132700005 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Reed, AW Yike, I Vesper, SJ AF Van Emon, JM Reed, AW Yike, I Vesper, SJ TI ELISA measurement of Stachylysin (TM) in serum to quantify human exposures to the indoor mold Stachybotrys chartarum SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI HEMOLYSIN; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; RABBIT LUNGS; PCR PRODUCTS; ALPHA-TOXIN; REAL-TIME; HEMOSIDEROSIS; INFANTS AB The goal of this research was to develop a measurable indicator of human exposure to Stachyborys chartarum. Antibodies were produced against the hemolytic agent stachylysin obtained from the mold S. chartarum. These antibodies were used to develop two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for the analysis of stachylysin in human and rat sera and environmental samples. Stachylysin was measured in rat pups that received nasal instillations of S. chartarum conidia but not in control rat serum. Stachylysin in the serum of five human adults exposed to S. chartarum in water-damaged environments was 371 ng/mL but none was detected in the control serum. Stachylysin was also quantified in spore, wallboard, mycelial, and dust samples. The measurement of stachylysin may be a useful indicator in assessing human exposure to S. chartarum and in determining the presence of this indoor mold. C1 US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NERL, Las Vegas, NV USA. NAHE, Las Vegas, NV USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat Pulm, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP US EPA, NERL, 26 W M King Dr,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vesper.Stephen@EPA.gov NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 45 IS 6 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000071503.96740.65 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689YB UT WOS:000183519600002 PM 12802211 ER PT J AU Tedesco, MA AF Tedesco, MA TI This fine piece of water: An environmental history of Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Long Island Sound Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Tedesco, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Long Island Sound Off, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PLANNING ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 1313 EAST 60 STREET, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2891 USA SN 0194-4363 J9 J AM PLANN ASSOC JI J. Am. Plan. Assoc. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 700DC UT WOS:000184096500017 ER PT J AU Omernik, JM AF Omernik, JM TI The misuse of hydrologic unit maps for extrapolation, reporting, and ecosystem management SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watersheds; hydrologic units; watershed management; ecoregions; ecosystem management ID WATER-QUALITY; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; ECOREGIONS AB The use of watersheds to conduct research on land/water relationships has expanded recently to include both extrapolation and reporting of water resource information and ecosystem management. More often than not, hydrologic units (HUs) are used for these purposes, with the implication that hydrologic units are synonymous with watersheds. Whereas trite topographic watersheds are areas within which apparent surface water drains to a particular point, generally only 45 percent of all hydrologic units, regardless of their hierarchical level, meet this definition. Because the area contributing to the downstream point in many hydrologic units extends far beyond the unit boundaries, use of the hydrologic unit framework to show regional and national patterns of water quality and other environmental resources can result in incorrect and misleading illustrations. In this paper, the implications of this misuse are demonstrated using four adjacent HUs in central Texas. A more effective way of showing regional patterns in environmental resources is by using data from true watersheds representative of different ecological regions containing particular mosaics of geographical characteristics affecting differences in ecosystems and water quality. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Omernik, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 563 EP 573 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 696FQ UT WOS:000183876800004 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J AF Van Sickle, J TI Analyzing correlations between stream and watershed attributes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE correlation; significance test; confidence interval; watershed; stream; regression ID DEPENDENT CORRELATION-COEFFICIENTS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES; CORRELATION-MATRICES; PATTERN HYPOTHESES; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; TESTS; FISH AB Bivariate correlation analysis has been widely used to explore relationships between stream and watershed attributes that have all been measured on the same set of watersheds or sampling locations. Researchers routinely test H-0: rho = 0 for each correlation in a large table and then go on to discuss only those that are declared "significant." Such test results are inaccurate because no allowance is made for multiple testing, and also because the tests are not mutually independent. This paper reviews the Bonferroni approach to controlling the overall error rate in multiple testing and shows how the approach becomes impractical for large correlation tables. The Hotelling/Williams test is introduced for comparing two dependent correlations that share a variable, and numerical constraints for two such correlations axe illustrated. References are also given for testing other hypothesized patterns among dependent correlations, and links to dependent correlation software are provided. The methods are illustrated for watershed and stream variables sampled in 23 small agricultural watersheds of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 717 EP 726 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 696FQ UT WOS:000183876800016 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Norton, SB AF Yuan, LL Norton, SB TI Comparing responses of macroinvertebrate metrics to increasing stress SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stressor-response; habitat; nutrients; conductivity; metals; macroinvertebrates ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; RUNNING-WATER SITES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; FISH COMMUNITIES; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; SELECTION; SEDIMENT AB Metrics characterizing the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in wadeable streams in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States were analyzed to explore the relative responses of the metrics to different types of anthropogenic stress. The data used in our study were collected by the US Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program from 1993 to 1996. Regression models were developed relating metric values at reference sites to natural sources of variability. These models were then used to predict reference values at test sites. Test site metric observations were scaled by subtracting the predicted reference value and dividing by the standard deviation of residuals at reference sites. Stressor-response relationships for each scaled metric were then estimated using generalized additive models. Metric responses to 4 groups of stressors (nutrient enrichment, habitat degradation, elevated metals concentrations, and elevated ion concentrations) were different. The proportional abundance of tolerant taxa was the most sensitive indicator of nutrient enrichment and habitat degradation, whereas Ephemeroptera richness was the most sensitive indicator of elevated metals or ion concentrations. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Code 8623D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 308 EP 322 DI 10.2307/1468000 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 691FF UT WOS:000183594300011 ER PT J AU Couse, JF Yates, MM Walker, VR Korach, KS AF Couse, JF Yates, MM Walker, VR Korach, KS TI Characterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in estrogen receptor (ER) null mice reveals hypergonadism and endocrine sex reversal in females lacking ER alpha but not ER beta SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE-1; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ANDROGEN PRODUCTION; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOTYPES AB To determine the role of each estrogen receptor (ER) form (ERalpha, ERbeta) in mediating the estrogen actions necessary to maintain proper function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, we have characterized the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in female ER knockout (ERKO) mice. Evaluation of pituitary function included gene expression assays for Gnrhr, Cga, Lhb, Fshb, and Prl. Evaluation of ovarian steroidogenic capacity included gene expression assays for the components necessary for estradiol synthesis: i.e. Star, Cyp11a, Cyp17, Cyp19, Hsd3b1, and Hsd17b1. These data were corroborated by assessing plasma levels of the respective peptide and steroid hormones. alphaERKO and alphabetaERKO females exhibited increased pituitary Cga and Lhb expression and increased plasma LH levels, whereas both were normal in betaERKO. Pituitary Fshb expression and plasma FSH were normal in all three ERKOs. In the ovary, all three ERKOs exhibited normal expression of Star, Cyp11a, and Hsd3b1. In contrast, Cyp17 and Cyp19 expression were elevated in alphaERKO but normal in betaERKO and alphabetaERKO. Plasma steroid levels in each ERKO mirrored the steroidogenic enzyme expression, with only the alphaERKO exhibiting elevated androstenedione and estradiol. Elevated plasma testosterone in alphaERKO and alphabetaERKO females was attributable to aberrant expression of Hsd17b3 in the ovary, representing a form of endocrine sex reversal, as this enzyme is unique to the testes. Enhanced steroidogenic capacity in alphaERKO ovaries was erased by treatment with a GnRH antagonist, indicating these phenotypes to be the indirect result of excess LH stimulation that follows the loss of ERalpha in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Overall, these findings indicate that ERalpha, but not ERbeta, is indispensable to the negative-feedback effects of estradiol that maintain proper LH secretion from the pituitary. The subsequent hypergonadism is illustrated as increased Cyp17, Cyp19, Hsd17b1, and ectopic Hsd17b3 expression in the ovary. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Receptor Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Korach, KS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Receptor Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, B3-02,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X NR 66 TC 175 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1053 DI 10.1210/me.2002-0398 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 683LY UT WOS:000183152000006 PM 12624116 ER PT J AU Amin, R Kamitani, H Sultana, H Taniura, S Islam, A Sho, A Ishibashi, M Eling, TE Watanabe, T AF Amin, R Kamitani, H Sultana, H Taniura, S Islam, A Sho, A Ishibashi, M Eling, TE Watanabe, T TI Aspirin and indomethacin exhibit antiproliferative effects and induce apoptosis in T98G human glioblastoma cells SO NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NSAIDs; T98G; COX; apoptosis; chemoprevention ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; GROWTH-INHIBITION; GLIOMA-CELLS; IN-VITRO; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION; MALIGNANT GLIOMA; SULINDAC SULFIDE; THERAPY; TUMORS AB The in vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing properties of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) and indomethacin were investigated in T98G human glioblastoma cells to explore their potential role in the chemoprevention of human glioma. The biological effects induced by aspirin and indomethacin on T98G cells, in which the expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunostaining, were investigated by studying cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. The antiproliferative effects occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner on T98G cells by the treatment with 0.1 -2 mM aspirin and 25-100 muM indomethacin. Moreover, aspirin displayed the greatest growth inhibition within 24 h. Approximately 90% growth inhibition occurred following treatment either with 2 mM aspirin or 100 muM indomethacin by 72 h and induction of apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering and TUNEL assay. Our in vitro findings indicate that aspirin and indomethacin have an antiproliferative effect on T98G human glioblastoma cells at toxic concentrations. C1 Tottori Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Inst Neurol Sci,Fac Med, Tottori 6838504, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kamitani, H (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Inst Neurol Sci,Fac Med, 36-1 Nishi Cho, Tottori 6838504, Japan. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREFRONT PUBL GROUP PI WILTON PA C/O MARY J RAWLINS, 5 RIVER RD, STE 113, WILTON, CT 06897 USA SN 0161-6412 J9 NEUROL RES JI Neurol. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 370 EP 376 DI 10.1179/016164103101201706 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 703EL UT WOS:000184267000009 PM 12870263 ER PT J AU Veronesi, B Wei, GW Zeng, JQ Oortgiesen, M AF Veronesi, B Wei, GW Zeng, JQ Oortgiesen, M TI Electrostatic charge activates inflammatory vanilloid (VR1) receptors SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; physicochemistry; particle number; surface charge; zeta potential; vanilloid receptors; VR1; ASICs; neurogenic inflammation; airway inflammation; bronchial epithelial cells; BEAS-2B ID EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE; NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION; SCAVENGER RECEPTORS; CYTOKINE RELEASE; SURFACE-CHARGE; NEUTRAL RED; MAST-CELLS; RAT; CAPSAICIN; ACID AB The pathophysiology of neurogenic inflammation culminates in the overt symptoms of tissue inflammation through a series of events which are initiated by the activation of vanilloid receptors (VR1). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a sufficiently negative, electrostatic charge carried on a particulate matter (PM) particle, could acquire a cloud of protons sufficient to activate proton-sensitive VR1 receptors and acid-sensitive ionic channels (ASICs) pathways. For this, nanometer-sized, synthetic polystyrene micells (SPM) or those charged with chemical groups (e.g. diamino, carboxyl) were used. These chemical groups imparted either a net positive (i.e. diamino) or negative (i.e. carboxyl) charge on the SPM when suspended in a neutral ionic medium. The zeta potential, a measure of the SPM's electronegativity, was taken in both cell culture nutrient medium and in ultraviolet light-distilled water (UV-DW). In both vehicles, the rank order of electronegativity (most to least negative) was carboxyl > polystyrene > diamino-SPM. Individual types of SPM were exposed to human, immortalized bronchial-tracheal epithelial cells (i.e. BEAS-2B) and endpoints of biological activation (i.e. membrane depolarization, increases in intracellular calcium (i.e. [Ca2+](i)) levels, IL-6 release) were measured. Cells loaded with a fluorescent probe for membrane depolarization (3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, DiOC-6-3) showed a positive reaction when exposed to carboxyl-SPM but not to diamino-SPM. BEAS-2B cells exposed to carboxyl-SPM responded with significant increases in [Ca2+](i), and IL-6 release relative to uncharged SPM or diamino-SPM. This IL-6 release could be reduced by pretreatment with antagonists to the VR1 receptor (i.e. capsazepine) or to acid-sensitive ionc channels (i.e. amiloride). Although both diamino and carboxyl-SPM groups stimulated increases in IL-6 transcript, only the more electronegatively charged carboxyl-SPM stimulated mRNA-VR1 receptor These data suggest that measurable inflammatory changes can be stimulated in human epithelial target cells by the electrostatic charge carried on an inert particle. Further these changes appear to be mediated through acid-sensitive VRI receptors and ASICs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Wenzhou Med Coll, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Cato Res Ltd, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 463 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00022-6 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 691CK UT WOS:000183587100014 PM 12782111 ER PT J AU Stanford, JB Smith, KR Dunson, DB AF Stanford, JB Smith, KR Dunson, DB TI Vulvar mucus observations and the probability of pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERTILITY CARE SYSTEM; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; OVULATION METHOD; CERVICAL-MUCUS; CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE; CONCEPTION; INTERCOURSE; DURATION; LEVEL; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to clinical pregnancy, in relation to the timing of intercourse and vulvar mucus observations. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of women beginning use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System in Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, and California. Data were abstracted from Creighton Model Fertility Care System records, including women's daily standardized vulvar observations of cervical mucus discharge, days of intercourse, and clinically evident pregnancy (conception). Established statistical models were used to estimate day-specific probabilities of conception. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 1681 cycles with 81 conceptions from 309 normally fertile couples (initially seeking to avoid pregnancy) and from 373 cycles with 30 conceptions from 117 subfertile couples (who were initially trying to achieve pregnancy). The highest probability of pregnancy occurred on the peak day of vulvar mucus observation (.38 for normally fertile couples and .14 for subfertile couples). The probability of pregnancy was greater than .05 for normally fertile couples from 3 days before to 2 days after the peak, and for subfertile couples from 1 day before to 1 day after the peak. The cycle-specific probability of conception correlated with the quality of mucus discharge in normally fertile couples but not in subfertile couples. CONCLUSION: Standardized vulvar observations of vaginal mucus discharge identify the days with the greatest likelihood of conception from intercourse in normal fertility and subfertility and provide an indicator of the overall potential for conception in a given menstrual cycle in normal fertility. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Utah, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Family & Consumer Studies, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Stanford, JB (reprint author), 375 Chipeta Way,Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00358-2 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 685YY UT WOS:000183293300025 PM 12798538 ER PT J AU Newbold, R AF Newbold, R TI Developmental exposure to environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity plays a role in reproductive tract disease dysfunction later in life SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd World Congress on Dietal Origins of Adult Disease CY JUN 07-10, 2003 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 11A EP 11A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 686RB UT WOS:000183333800077 ER PT J AU Skjaerven, R Wilcox, AJ Melve, KK Ronning, T Vatten, LJ AF Skjaerven, R Wilcox, AJ Melve, KK Ronning, T Vatten, LJ TI Mothers' and fathers' own birth weight. Relation to their reproduction and perinatal survival of their offspring SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd World Congress on Dietal Origins of Adult Disease CY JUN 07-10, 2003 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND C1 Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 38A EP 38A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 686RB UT WOS:000183333800299 ER PT J AU Balk, SJ Best, D Johnson, CL Kim, JJ Mazur, LJ Reynolds, DW Roberts, JR Shannon, MW Weil, WB Amler, RW Blackburn, E Linet, M Miller, RW Rogan, W Spire, P AF Balk, SJ Best, D Johnson, CL Kim, JJ Mazur, LJ Reynolds, DW Roberts, JR Shannon, MW Weil, WB Amler, RW Blackburn, E Linet, M Miller, RW Rogan, W Spire, P CA Comm Environm Hlth TI Radiation disasters and children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; THREE-MILE-ISLAND; BREAST-CANCER; CHERNOBYL DISASTER; RISK-FACTORS; ACCIDENT; ADOLESCENTS; STRESS; PREPAREDNESS; TERRORISM AB The special medical needs of children make it essential that pediatricians be prepared for radiation disasters, including 1) the detonation of a nuclear weapon; 2) a nuclear power plant event that unleashes a radioactive cloud; and 3) the dispersal of radionuclides by conventional explosive or the crash of a transport vehicle. Any of these events could occur unintentionally or as an act of terrorism. Nuclear facilities (eg, power plants, fuel processing centers, and food irradiation facilities) are often located in highly populated areas, and as they age, the risk of mechanical failure increases. The short- and long-term consequences of a radiation disaster are significantly greater in children for several reasons. First, children have a disproportionately higher minute ventilation, leading to greater internal exposure to radioactive gases. Children have a significantly greater risk of developing cancer even when they are exposed to radiation in utero. Finally, children and the parents of young children are more likely than are adults to develop enduring psychologic injury after a radiation disaster. The pediatrician has a critical role in planning for radiation disasters. For example, potassium iodide is of proven value for thyroid protection but must be given before or soon after exposure to radioiodines, requiring its placement in homes, schools, and child care centers. Pediatricians should work with public health authorities to ensure that children receive full consideration in local planning for a radiation disaster. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Balk, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 69 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1466 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000051 ER PT J AU Shea, KM AF Shea, KM CA Comm Environm Hlth TI Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; NEWBORN-INFANTS; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; EXCHANGE-TRANSFUSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SERTOLI CELLS AB Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are produced in high volume and generate extensive though poorly defined human exposures and unique childhood exposures. Phthalates are animal carcinogens and can cause fetal death, malformations, and reproductive toxicity in laboratory animals. Toxicity profiles and potency vary by specific phthalate. The extent of these toxicities and their applicability to humans remains incompletely characterized and controversial. Two phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have received considerable attention recently because of specific concerns about pediatric exposures. Like all phthalates, DEHP and DINP are ubiquitous contaminants in food, indoor air, soils, and sediments. DEHP is used in toys and medical devices. DINP is a major plasticizer used in children's toys. Scientific panels, advocacy groups, and industry groups have analyzed the literature on DEHP and DINP and have come to different conclusions about their safety. The controversy exists because risk to humans must be extrapolated from animal data that demonstrate differences in toxicity by species, route of exposure, and age at exposure and because of persistent uncertainties in human exposure data. This report addresses sensitive endpoints of reproductive and developmental toxicity and the unique aspects of pediatric exposures to phthalates that generate concern. DEHP and DINP are used as specific examples to illustrate the controversy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shea, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 72 TC 144 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1474 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.1467 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000052 PM 12777573 ER PT J AU Walker, JD AF Walker, JD TI International workshops on QSARs in the environmental sciences - The first 20 years SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE QSARs; workshops; effects; biodegradation; bioconcentration ID MICROORGANISMS; POLLUTANTS; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY AB Since 1983, ten international workshops have been organized to discuss Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) in the environmental sciences. This letter identifies the dates, locations and organizers of these 10 workshops, quantifies the number of papers that have been published from the workshops and describes the topics that have been discussed at these workshops. C1 US EPA, TSCA, ITC, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA, ITC, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 710XF UT WOS:000184707600001 ER PT J AU Huff, J AF Huff, J TI Does exposure to bisphenol A represent a human health risk? SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CELL-TRANSFORMATION; MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; ANEUPLOIDY C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 407 EP 408 DI 10.1016/S0273-2300(03)00009-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 684BT UT WOS:000183186100006 PM 12758220 ER PT J AU Pittinger, CA Brennan, TH Badger, DA Hakkinen, PJ Fehrenbacher, MC AF Pittinger, CA Brennan, TH Badger, DA Hakkinen, PJ Fehrenbacher, MC TI Aligning chemical assessment tools across the hazard-risk continuum SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; risk management; software and databases; hazard communication ID RANKING; HEALTH AB With the growing number and diversity of hazard and risk assessment algorithms, models, databases, and frameworks for chemicals and their applications, risk assessors and managers are challenged to select the appropriate tool for a given need or decision. Some decisions require relatively simple tools to evaluate chemical hazards (e.g., toxicity), such as labeling for safe occupational handling and transport of chemicals. Others require assessment tools that provide relative comparisons among chemical properties, such as selecting the optimum chemical for a particular use among a group of candidates. Still other needs warrant full risk characterization, coupling both hazard and exposure considerations. Examples of these include new chemical evaluations for commercialization, evaluations of existing chemicals for novel uses, and assessments of the adequacy of risk management provisions. Even well-validated tools can be inappropriately applied, with consequences as severe as misguided chemical management, compromised credibility of the tool and its developers and users, and squandered resources. This article describes seven discrete categories of tools based on their information content, function, and the type of outputs produced. It proposes a systematic framework to assist users in selecting hazard and risk assessment tools for given applications. This analysis illustrates the importance of careful selection of assessment tools to achieve responsible chemical assessment communication and sound risk management. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, Irvine, CA USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC USA. RP Pittinger, CA (reprint author), 5752 Cheviot Rd,Suite C, Cincinnati, OH 45247 USA. RI Hakkinen, Pertti/G-4803-2016 OI Hakkinen, Pertti/0000-0002-8295-9738 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00333 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 689EC UT WOS:000183477800010 PM 12836845 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Rogers, K AF Ramanathan, K Rogers, K TI A fluorescence based assay for DNA damage induced by styrene oxide SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA DE fluorescence; DNA damage; styrene oxide; melting annealing analysis ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO; ADDUCTS; QUANTITATION; REPAIR AB A rapid and simple assay to detect DNA damage to calf thymus DNA caused by styrene oxide (SO) is reported. This assay is based on changes observed in the melting and annealing behavior of the damaged DNA. The melting annealing process was monitored using a fluorescence indicator dye PicoGreen (PG) that increases its fluorescence when bound to double stranded DNA. The assay response was monitored with varying concentrations of SO, incubation temperature, incubation time and salt concentration. Sample volumes of 10 ml containing 100 ng/ml DNA were required for this assay. The error in measurement was between 5 and 7%. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rogers, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00163-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 681MD UT WOS:000183039200035 ER PT J AU Graff, JE Herr, DW AF Graff, JE Herr, DW TI Disassociation of carbon disulfide-induced depression of flash-evoked potential peak N-166 amplitude and norepinephrine levels SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon disulfide (CS2); flash-evoked potential (FEP); norepinephrine (NE) ID SOURCE-DENSITY ANALYSIS; FREELY MOVING RATS; VISUAL-CORTEX; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; CORTICAL AREA-17; FISCHER-344 RATS; LOCUS-COERULEUS; HEARING DEFICIT; INHALED TOLUENE; RESPONSES AB Exposure to organic solvents frequently causes functional impairment of the central nervous system (CNS). One method to examine the effects of solvent exposure on visual function is flash-evoked. potentials (FEPs). Greater knowledge of the role of various neurotransmitters in generating FEP peaks would be beneficial for understanding the basis of neurotoxicant-induced changes. FEP peak N-166 is influenced by the psychological construct of arousal, which in turn is believed to be influenced by the function of neurons containing norepinephrine (NE). Because of its known effects on both NE and FEPs, we utilized carbon disulfide (CS2) as a means to examine the possible role of NE in modulating the amplitude of FEP peaks N-36 and N-166. Our hypothesis was that CS2-induced alterations in cortical NE levels would be correlated with changes in FEP peak N-36 and N-166 amplitudes. Adult male Long-Evans rats were implanted with electrodes over their visual cortex and allowed to recover. To develop peak N-166, FEPs were recorded for two days prior to dosing. On the third day, FEPs were recorded prior to dosing, and one group of animals was sacrificed to serve as pretreatment controls. The remaining animals were dosed ip with 0 (corn oil vehicle; 2 ml/kg), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg CS2. The treated animals were retested at 1, 4, 8, or 24 h after dosing, immediately sacrificed, and samples of the cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and brain stem were frozen for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of monoamine levels. Treatment with CS, decreased peak N-166 amplitude at 1 h, and peak N-36 amplitude was depressed at 4 h, relative to the subject's pretreatment values. Peak latencies were increased, and colonic temperature was decreased by treatment with CS2. Exposure to CS2 depressed NE levels in the cortex, brain stem, and cerebellum 4 h after treatment. Conversely, at 4 h, levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were increased in the brain stem and cerebellum, and levels of the DA metabolite homovanillic acid were increased in the brain stem. Levels of serotonin were unaffected by CS2 treatment. There was a slight increase in striatal levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid at all times after treatment with CS2. There was no apparent association between the decreases in NE levels and the reductions in amplitudes for peaks N-36 and N-166. The neurochemical mechanism for CS2-induced reductions in FEP peak amplitudes remains to be determined. C1 US EPA, NHEER, NTD, NPTB,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Herr, DW (reprint author), US EPA, NHEER, NTD, NPTB,Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 73 IS 2 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg072 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681MP UT WOS:000183040200019 PM 12700426 ER PT J AU Leazer, TM Daston, GP Keen, CL Rogers, JM AF Leazer, TM Daston, GP Keen, CL Rogers, JM TI The embryolethality of lipopolysaccharide in CD-1 and metallothionein I-II null mice: Lack of a role for induced zinc deficiency or metallothionein induction SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; embryolethality; metallothionein; metallothionein null mice; zinc deficiency ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ENDOTOXIN INDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; CADMIUM AB Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is embryolethal in CD-1 mice. LPS induces metallothionein (MT) via cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, which initiate and maintain the acute phase response. Maternal hepatic MT induction in pregnant rats, by diverse toxicants, can result in maternal hypozincemia and subsequent embryonal zinc (Zn) deficiency. We examined the hypothesis that LPS causes embryo toxicity in CD-1 mice via MT induction and subsequent embryo Zn deficiency by (1) determining whether LPS induces maternal hepatic MT and causes Zn redistribution, (2) assessing the effects of maternal Zn supplementation on LPS developmental toxicity, and (3) assessing the role of MT with MT I-II null mice (MTKO). Timed pregnant CD-1 mice were dosed i.p. with LPS (S. typhimurium) (0.05 mg/kg) on gestation day (gd) 9. Zn supplementation was administered on gd 8 (10 mg/kg, pretreatment) or on gd 9 as a cotreatment (5 or 10 mg/kg). MTKO and wild type (WT) mice were dosed with LPS (0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg) on gd 9, and maternal liver MT and Zn and plasma Zn were measured. In CD-1 mice, maternal hepatic MT was elevated 24 h after LPS treatment, and cotreatment with Zn caused further elevation of MT. Maternal hepatic Zn concentrations paralleled hepatic MT concentrations. Maternal plasma Zn on gd 10 showed no consistent effect of LPS treatment or Zn cotreatment on gd 9. Zn pretreatment (10 mg/kg) on gd 8 did not ameliorate LPS embryolethality, while Zn cotreatment (5 or 10 mg/kg) on gd 9 exacerbated the toxicity of LPS. LPS produced a similar incidence of embryolethality in MTKO and WT strains on gd10. Plasma Zn concentrations were similar in both strains, while hepatic Zn concentrations were significantly higher in WT than in the MTKO strain. In conclusion, while LPS can induce maternal hepatic MT and Zn redistribution in CD-1 mice, this does not appear to be a key mechanism leading to LPS embryotoxicity. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Dev Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Leazer, TM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD01743] NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 73 IS 2 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg088 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681MP UT WOS:000183040200023 PM 12700403 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M Rice, EW Chen, J AF Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M Rice, EW Chen, J TI Development of a Ct equation for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts with chlorine dioxide SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorine dioxide; confidence interval; Cryptosporidium; inactivation; model; statistical analysis; time ID PARVUM; WATER; OZONE AB Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite, has been implicated in a number of waterborne disease outbreaks and is difficult to inactivate using free chlorine. It appears, however, to be inactivated more easily by other oxidants such as chlorine dioxide or ozone. A major element of the EPA (US EPA) strategy for controlling C parvum (oocysts) in drinking water is the possible use of Ct (concentration of disinfectant in mg/L times time in minutes) values. To support this strategy a Ct equation, based on first-order kinetics, is proposed to provide guidance to drinking water utilities for the application of chlorine dioxide for controlling C parvum oocysts. The equation is based on standard statistical techniques using available bench scale data. It can predict mean inactivation levels as well as a statistically conservative upper bound Ct value. This upper bound could be used to insure an appropriate safety factor for the protection of public health. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Off Director, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Microbial Contaminants Control Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Stand & Risk Management Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), 9627 Lansford Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2773 EP 2783 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00062-9 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 688JE UT WOS:000183430000026 PM 12753856 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Oxidation of alcohols over Fe3+/montmorillonite-K10 using hydrogen peroxide SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE alcohol oxidation; Fe3+/montmorillonite-K10; hydrogen peroxide; acetonitrile; carbonyl compounds ID MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CATALYSTS; HYDROCARBONS; REDUCTION; DIOXYGEN; MONTMORILLONITE; EPOXIDATION; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; NITRATES AB Oxidation of various primary and secondary alcohols is studied in liquid phase at atmospheric pressure over Fe3+/montmorillonite-K10 catalyst prepared by ion-exchange method at a pH of 4 in an environmentally friendly protocol using hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst and the method are found to be suitable for the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones. Aromatic alcohols form mainly secondary or over oxidation products. Presence of -CH3 group at the -OH bearing carbon is deleterious to the oxidation. The catalyst activity increases with increase in reaction time due to the slow activation of the catalyst. The reaction mechanism is expected to involve the intermediate formation of binuclear, peroxide ion-bridged iron complex by reaction of iron and the activated peroxide followed by oxygen transfer to the alcohol. The catalyst is also found to be easily separable and recyclable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS-443,26 W,Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 35 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 245 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 AR PII S0926-860X(02)00617-8 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00617-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 687EH UT WOS:000183362800009 ER PT J AU Meacham, CA Johnson, AD AF Meacham, CA Johnson, AD TI An embryonic chick pancreas organ culture model: characterization and neural control of exocrine release SO AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE pancreas; exocrine; embryonic chick; organ culture; amylase; parasympathetic; muscarinic receptor ID MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; STIMULATED AMYLASE SECRETION; CA2+ WAVE-PROPAGATION; RAT PANCREAS; CHOLINERGIC STIMULATION; ACINAR-CELLS; ISLET CELLS; IN-VITRO; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; GLUCAGON-SECRETION AB An embryonic chick (Gallus domesticus) whole-organ pancreas culture system was developed for use as an in vitro model to study cholinergic regulation of exocrine pancreatic function. The culture system was examined for characteristic exocrine function and viability by measuring enzyme release, and noting histological, morphological, and anti-amylase immuno-fluorescence staining changes over a series of incubation times. This embryonic culture system exhibits loss of viability and morphological degeneration after 12 h of incubation time. Characterization and development of this exocrine model system was an important aspect of this study. Assessment of the 18-day-old embryonic chick pancreas model clearly indicated biochemical and cholinergic functionality, and morphological integrity, of the tissue after 4-h incubation. This embryonic age and incubation period were utilized for all subsequent cholinergic studies. The in vitro model was used to study parasympathetic regulation of exocrine function via the muscarine receptors present in the embryonic chick pancreas. The effects of synthetic muscarinic agonists (bethanechol and carbachol) and subtype-specific antagonists affected amylase release to varying degrees suggesting heterogeneity of receptors. The effects of the muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine (non-specific), pirenzepine (M-1-selective) and 4-DAMP [4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide] (M-3-selective) on bethanechol-stimulated amylase release were examined. Atropine and 4-DAMP at concentrations of 2 muM and higher significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) agonist-stimulated amylase release, while pirenzipine did not at 2 muM, but did at 200 muM. The M-3 subtype selective antagonist 4-DAMP (2 pM-2 mM) significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) 5 mM bethanechol-stimulated amylase release at concentrations of 2 muM and greater (amylase activity decreased from 100.61 to 49.41 U/l/mg). The data suggest the existence of a muscarinic receptor subtype for the embryonic chick pancreas exocrine cells characteristic to the mammalian M-3 glandular subtype. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Div,Neurophysiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Johnson, AD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Wilson Hall 142,301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0702 J9 AUTON NEUROSCI-BASIC JI Auton. Neurosci-Basic Clin. PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S1566-0702(03)00046-8 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 693FX UT WOS:000183707400005 PM 12798208 ER PT J AU Herbrandson, C Bradbury, SP Swackhamer, DL AF Herbrandson, C Bradbury, SP Swackhamer, DL TI Influence of suspended solids on acute toxicity of carbofuran to Daphnia magna: I. Interactive effects SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple stressors; carbofuran; suspended solids; Daphnia magna ID CHEMICALS; PESTICIDES; MIXTURES; SORPTION; GLUCOSE AB This study explored the effects on Daphnia magna from exposure to the pesticide carbofuran in combination with stress from suspended solids exposure. Our objective was to assess whether suspended solids affects the toxicodynamic response of D. magna to carbofuran. A series of laboratory experiments was performed where animals were exposed to carbofuran concentrations ranging from 0 to 160 mug/l in combination with suspended solids concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 000 mg/l. In the absence of suspended solids, effects of,carbofuran were dose dependent and resulted in an EC50 of 92 mug/l. Exposure to suspended solids, up to extreme levels that may be encountered in the environment and in the absence of carbofuran, showed no measurable toxicity. When D. magna were exposed to a constant carbofuran concentration, the numbers of affected organisms increased with increasing suspended solids concentrations. At a suspended solids concentration of 1000 mg/l, the EC50 for carbofuran was reduced by half to 45 mug/l. The relationship between the toxicity of carbofuran (mug/l) and the concentration of suspended solids (mg/l) can be described with the following equation: carbofuran EC50 = 72 exp(-0.00014 [suspended solids]). An analysis of the data indicates that this relationship is consistent with a potentiated toxicity mechanism rather than an additive model. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Natl Biol Serv, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Swackhamer, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Mayo Mail Code 807, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 29 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0166-455X(02)00206-0 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 684BR UT WOS:000183186000001 PM 12758000 ER PT J AU Herbrandson, C Bradbury, SP Swackhamer, DL AF Herbrandson, C Bradbury, SP Swackhamer, DL TI Influence of suspended solids on acute toxicity of carbofuran to Daphnia magna: II. An evaluation of potential interactive mechanisms SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple stressors; synergism; carbofuran; suspended solids; Daphnia magna; food stress ID SOIL; INSECTICIDES; TRANSPORT; PESTICIDE; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; BOSMINA; GLUCOSE; RATES AB It has been demonstrated that simultaneous exposure of Daphnia magna to suspended solids and a carbamate pesticide potentiates the toxic response to the pesticide. The toxicodynamics between these stressors were investigated to determine possible mechanisms of interaction. Three experimental series were conducted with D. magna to determine: the effect of food availability on carbofuran toxicity; the effect of food availability on jointly administered carbofuran and suspended solids; and changes in the magnitude of effects which can occur with suspended solids of different composition. These experiments demonstrated that both carbofuran toxicity and the joint toxicity of carbofuran and suspended solids to D. magna can be modulated by food availability. While it is clear that food dilution could contribute to energy stress, it appears likely that additional interactive processes also contribute to the observed synergism between carbofuran and suspended solids. Additionally, decomposed peat was shown to be less of a stressor to these pelagic invertebrates than inorganic subsoil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Natl Biol Serv, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Swackhamer, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Mayo Mail Code 807, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 29 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 343 EP 355 AR PII S0166-445X(02)00205-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00205-9 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 684BR UT WOS:000183186000002 PM 12758001 ER PT J AU Lorenzana, RM Troast, R Mastriano, M Follansbee, MH Diamond, GL AF Lorenzana, RM Troast, R Mastriano, M Follansbee, MH Diamond, GL TI Lead intervention and pediatric blood lead levels at hazardous waste sites SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; PORT-PIRIE; HOUSE-DUST; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; ABATEMENT; PROGRAM AB Lead intervention at Superfund sites typically seeks to reduce pediatric blood lead levels by disrupting the surface-to-hand-to-mouth pathway. This article presents the results of a survey of the publicly available literature on the effectiveness of lead intervention on pediatric blood lead levels at hazardous waste sites. The survey includes six hazardous waste sites located in Canada, Australia, and the United States at which intervention activities were conducted and pediatric blood lead levels were sampled both pre- and postintervention. Evaluation of the effectiveness of intervention on pediatric blood lead levels is often complicated due to confounding variables and statistical limitations. Nevertheless, the outcomes of the intervention studies reviewed in this report suggest that various approaches to the intervention of the dust ingestion pathway, alone or in combination, contributed to declines in blood lead levels in children living in areas heavily contaminated with lead. C1 US EPA, Off Emergency & Remedial Response, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Lorenzana, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Emergency & Remedial Response, Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD MAY 23 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 10 BP 871 EP 893 DI 10.1080/15287390390210532 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 679BL UT WOS:000182901100001 PM 12825235 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, P Norris, GA AF Hofstetter, P Norris, GA TI Why and how should we assess occupational health impacts in integrated product policy? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNEMPLOYMENT; EXPENDITURES; SELECTION; COSTS AB Integrated product policy (IPP) and life cycle assessment (LCA), one of the analytic tools used in IPP, focus traditionally on environmental impacts. However, in an attempt to consider other sustainability criteria and to avoid a shift from environmental health impacts to occupational health impacts one may want to include occupational health in IPP. Should and can occupational health impacts be included in LCA and IPP? Using published and unpublished occupational health data for injuries and illnesses and an economic input-output model of the United States, we provide attributional occupational health impacts measured in disability adjusted life years per dollars output for 491 industry sectors including supply chain impacts. Estimates for the "true" number of United States occupational health impacts suggest that this initial analysis underestimates the total impact 3-7-fold. A comparison suggests that United States occupational health impacts are about 10 times smaller than environmental health impacts and are, relatively speaking, important only for sectors with hazardous working environments but low environmental impacts. A consequential rather than attributional view suggests that a method to assess true consequences on long-term health impacts by product policies needs to be able to predict effects from present-day work place exposure and to account for likely changes in the labor market, including changes in unemployment rates and other substitution mechanisms. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Syvatica, N Berwick, ME 03906 USA. RP Hofstetter, P (reprint author), Oerlikonerstr 45, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2025 EP 2035 DI 10.1021/es025838w PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678KJ UT WOS:000182866000001 PM 12785504 ER PT J AU Riediker, M Williams, R Devlin, R Griggs, T Bromberg, P AF Riediker, M Williams, R Devlin, R Griggs, T Bromberg, P TI Exposure to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and other air pollutants inside patrol cars SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; DRIVERS EXPOSURE; FINE PARTICLES; TAXI DRIVERS; IN-VEHICLE; EMISSIONS; AUTOMOBILE; BALTIMORE; POLLUTION AB People driving in a vehicle might receive an enhanced dose of mobile source pollutants that are considered a potential risk for cardiovascular diseases. The exposure to components of air pollution in highway patrol vehicles, at an ambient, and a roadside location was determined during 25 work shifts (3 p.m. to midnight) in the autumn of 2001, each day with two cars. A global positioning system and a diary provided location and activity information. Average pollutant levels inside the cars were low compared to ambient air quality standards: carbon monoxide 2.7 ppm, nitrogen dioxide 41.7 mug/m(3), ozone 11.7 ppb, particulate matter smaller 2.5 mum (PM2.5) 24 mug/m(3). Volatile organic compounds inside the cars were in the ppb-range and showed the fingerprint of gasoline. PM(2.)5 was 24% lower than ambient and roadside levels, probably due to depositions associated with the recirculating air conditioning. Levels of carbon monoxide, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and some metals (Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Sr) were highest in the cars, and roadside levels were higher than ambient levels. Elevated pollutant levels were related to locations with high traffic volumes. Our results point to combustion engine emissions from other vehicles as important sources of air pollutants inside the car. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina State Highway Patrol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Riediker, M (reprint author), ETH Zentrum, IHA NW F77, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. OI Riediker, Michael/0000-0002-5268-864X NR 45 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2084 EP 2093 DI 10.1021/es026264y PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678KJ UT WOS:000182866000008 PM 12785511 ER PT J AU Apel, EC Calvert, JG Gilpin, TM Fehsenfeld, F Lonneman, WA AF Apel, EC Calvert, JG Gilpin, TM Fehsenfeld, F Lonneman, WA TI Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (NOMHICE): Task 4, ambient air SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbon; intercomparison; VOC; ozone; nonmethane hydrocarbon ID OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ATLANTA; OXIDANTS; QUALITY; CANADA AB [1] The Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (NOMHICE) was designed to assess the accuracy and comparability of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) measurements from research groups around the globe. This is being accomplished by conducting a series of intercomparisons, called Tasks, of prepared mixtures or collected ambient air. This paper presents results for an ambient air challenge sample as part of the fourth NOMHICE installment ( Task 4). Twenty-three laboratories participated in Task 4, and 30 overall analytical results are compared. The air sample provided a wide dynamic range of mixing ratios ( parts per trillion by volume (pptv) to parts per billion by volume ( ppbv)) as well as large number of compounds (> 100). Coelutions of NMHCs with other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as oxygenated VOCs are shown to make the analysis of whole air samples more challenging than for prepared standard mixtures. Individual canisters containing the air sample were prepared and analyzed by the NOMHICE group at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR-NOMHICE), sent to participants for analysis, and reanalyzed upon return to NCAR-NOMHICE. The mixing ratio of propylene increased by 10% ( 14 pptv) in the canisters with time, and some of the less volatile compounds decreased in the canisters with time; however, the majority of the compounds were stable throughout the experiment. Participants were asked to identify and quantify as many compounds as possible with their analytical techniques and to submit their results to NCAR-NOMHICE scientists. Fifty-four compounds were chosen for the intercomparison. Eight hundred eighty-three measurements were compared overall; the average of the mean ratios of the participants' results to NCAR-NOMHICE results was 1.03. The participants' results were combined and averaged for each individual NMHC measured and compared to the reference results; thirty-three of the 54 compounds agreed to within +/- 20% of the reference results. Individual analyses from participant laboratories were compared and ranked with respect to agreement with the reference values; the ranking was reconciled with the analytical procedures employed for each analysis. From this, recommendations were derived for preferred analytical techniques and practice. Recommendations include but are not limited to the following: ( 1) National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) standards or NIST-traceable standards should be used and, for mass spectrometric analyses, multicomponent NIST-traceable standards should be used; ( 2) if solid adsorbents are used for preconcentrating NMHCs, extensive tests should be performed to test for artifact formation and compound losses; and ( 3) for whole air sampling in canisters, subsequent analyses should be performed as soon as is reasonably possible to avoid the potential for compositional changes. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US EPA, Natl Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Apel, EC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM apel@ncar.ucar.edu RI Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D9 AR 4300 DI 10.1029/2002JD002936 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 682QU UT WOS:000183103900004 ER PT J AU Kalin, L Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM AF Kalin, L Govindaraju, RS Hantush, MM TI Effect of geomorphologic resolution on modeling of runoff hydrograph and sedimentograph over small watersheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE geographic information systems; models; surface water; soil erosion ID AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL MOVEMENT; DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; CHANNEL NETWORKS; LANDSCAPE REPRESENTATION; HYDROLOGIC SIMULATIONS; UNIT-HYDROGRAPH; GRID SIZE; IOWA; SENSITIVITY; DISCHARGE AB In hydrologic models, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) interfaces are commonly used for extracting the channel network, and delineating the watershed. By overlaying soil and land use maps onto the extracted channel network, input files required by the model are prepared. However, the nature of the extracted channel network strongly depends on some pre-selected threshold values within the GIS framework, which in turn, determine the geomorphologic resolution. There are no accepted guidelines for selecting these threshold parameters making the extraction of channel networks a subjective process. In this study, we investigate the effect of geomorphologic resolution on runoff hydrographs and sedimentographs over two small USDA experimental watersheds. The KINEROS model with ArcView interface has been used for this purpose. An empirical relationship between optimal resolution, watershed characteristics and nature of the storm has been developed. Results reveal that geometric simplification of the watershed for rainfall-runoff-erosion studies may be acceptable under right combinations of rainfall events and watershed properties. Our results also indicate that the optimal geomorphologic resolution may not be the same for hydrographs and sedimentographs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Govindaraju, RS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Civil Engn, 1284 Civil Engn Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 276 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00072-6 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 689BF UT WOS:000183471200007 ER PT J AU Becker, S Soukup, JM AF Becker, S Soukup, JM TI Coarse (PM2.5-10), fine (PM2.5), and ultrafine air pollution particles induce/increase immune costimulatory receptors on human blood-derived monocytes but not on alveolar macrophages SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID ALLERGIC PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; DENDRITIC CELLS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; IN-VITRO; ASTHMA; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; INTERLEUKIN-16 AB Diesel particles have been shown to possess adjuvant activity and influence the development of allergic sensitization. Also, more heterogeneous mixtures of pollution particles have been shown to affect host defenses and development of immunity in animal models. in the present study it was determined whether freshly collected particulate matter (PM10) in the size ranges 2.5-10 mum (PM2.5-10, coarse), 0.1-2.5 mum (PM2.5, fine), and less than or equal to0.1 mum (ultrafine) in diameter affected the development of antigen presenting cells by evaluating the expression of surface receptors involved in T-cell interaction on both human alveolar macrophages (AM) and blood-derived monocytes (Mo). A Mo-AM coculture was exposed to 50 mug/ml of particles and expression of HLA-DR, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on each cell type was assessed by flow cytometry. Mo upregulated the expression of all four receptors in response to each of the particle fractions, while expression was unaffected in AM. The cells were also exposed to two model air pollution particles, diesel dust and volcanic ash, neither of which affected receptor expression. Furthermore, Mo and AM were separately exposed to the three PM size fractions and supernatants assessed for the T-helper (CD4(+)) lymphocyte chemoattractant interleukin-16 (IL-16). AM, but not Mo, produced IL-16, and this chemoattractant was released only in response to PM2.5-10. These data suggest that a wide size range of pollution particles contain materials that may promote antigen presentation by Mo, while the capability to specifically recruit CD4(+) lymphocytes is contained in AM stimulated with the coarse PM fraction. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Becker, S (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Bldg,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 54 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD MAY 9 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 847 EP 859 DI 10.1080/15287390390156227 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 675EW UT WOS:000182681100006 PM 12746131 ER PT J AU Harrington-Brock, K Collard, DD Chen, T AF Harrington-Brock, K Collard, DD Chen, T TI Bromate induces loss of heterozygosity in the Thymidine kinase gene of L5178Y/Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE bromate; loss of heterozygosity; mouse lymphoma assay; mutation ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; POTASSIUM BROMATE; RENAL CARCINOGEN; DRINKING-WATER; RAT-KIDNEY; V79 CELLS; IN-VITRO; MUTATIONS AB Potassium bromate (KBrO3) induces DNA damage and tumors in mice and rats, but is a relatively weak mutagen in microbial assays and the in vitro mammalian Hprt assay. Concern that there may be a human health risk associated with bromate, a disinfectant by-product of ozonation, has accompanied the increasing use of ozonation as an alternative to chlorination for treatment of drinking water. In this study, we have evaluated the mutagenicity of KBrO3 and sodium bromate (NaBrO3) in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells. In contrast to the weak mutagenic activity seen in the previous studies, bromate induced a mutant frequency of over 100 x 10(-6) at 0.6 mM with minimal cytotoxicity (70-80% survival) and over 1300 x 10(-6) at 3 mM (similar to10% survival). The increase in the Tk mutant frequency was primarily due to the induction of small colony of Tk mutants. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of 384 mutants from control and 2.7 nM KBrO3-treated cells showed that almost all (99%) bromate-induced mutants resulted from LOH, whereas in the control cultures 77% of the Tk mutants were LOH. Our results suggest that bromate is a potent mutagen in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells, and the mechanism of action primarily involves LOH. The ability of the mouse lymphoma assay to detect a wider array of mutational events than the microbial or V79 Hprt assays may account for the potent mutagenic response. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chen, T (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD MAY 9 PY 2003 VL 537 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00044-5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 685GM UT WOS:000183254000003 PM 12742504 ER PT J AU Utgikar, VP Tabak, HH Haines, JR Govind, R AF Utgikar, VP Tabak, HH Haines, JR Govind, R TI Quantification of toxic and inhibitory impact of copper and zinc on mixed cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE SRB; heavy metal toxicity; inhibition; copper toxicity/inhibition; zinc toxicity/inhibition; mathematical modeling ID HEAVY-METAL TOXICITY; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; PROBABLE-NUMBER; SUBSTRATE; BIOSORPTION; REDUCTION; KINETICS; SULFIDE; GROWTH AB The adverse effects of copper and zinc on an acetate-utilizing mixed cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) at concentrations below the toxic concentration (minimum metal concentration at which no sulfate reduction is observed) are reported in this paper. Mathematical models were developed to incorporate the toxic and inhibitory effects (defined as the reduction in bacterial population upon exposure to the metal and the decrease in the metabolic rate of sulfate reduction by the SRB, respectively) into the sulfate-reduction biokinetics. The characteristic toxicity and inhibition constants were obtained from the measurements of bacterial populations and dissolved metal concentrations in serum bottle studies conducted at 35degreesC and pH 6.6. Both copper and zinc had toxic and inhibitory effects on SRB. The toxicity constants for copper and zinc were 10.6 and 2.9 mM(-1), respectively, indicating that exposure to copper resulted in a higher mortality of SRB than did exposure to zinc. The values of the inhibition constants were found to be 17.9 +/- 2.5 and 25.2 +/- 1.0 mM(-1) for copper and zinc, respectively. This implies that dissolved zinc was slightly more inhibitory to SRB than copper. The models presented in the paper can be used to predict the response of a sulfate-reduction bioreactor to heavy metals during acid mine drainage treatment. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Idaho Falls, ID USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Tabak, HH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM tabak.henry@epa.gov NR 35 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAY 5 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 3 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1002/bit.10575 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 659NU UT WOS:000181784100007 PM 12599257 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Samanic, C Dosemeci, M Lubin, J Tarone, R Lynch, CF Knott, C Thomas, K Hoppin, JA Barker, J Coble, J Sandler, DP Blair, A AF Alavanja, MCR Samanic, C Dosemeci, M Lubin, J Tarone, R Lynch, CF Knott, C Thomas, K Hoppin, JA Barker, J Coble, J Sandler, DP Blair, A TI Use of agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer risk in the agricultural health study cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agrochemicals; fungicides, industrial; herbicides; insecticides; pesticides; prostatic neoplasms; risk ID UNITED-STATES; METHYL-BROMIDE; FAMILY HISTORY; MORTALITY; FARMERS; APPLICATORS; EXPOSURE; CANADA AB The authors examined the relation between 45 common agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort study of 55,332 male pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina with no prior history of prostate cancer. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires completed at enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 1999. A prostate cancer standardized incidence ratio was computed for the cohort. Odds ratios were computed for individual pesticides and for pesticide use patterns identified by means of factor analysis. A prostate cancer standardized incidence ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.24) was observed for the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Use of chlorinated pesticides among applicators over 50 years of age and methyl bromide use were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Several other pesticides showed a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among study subjects with a family history of prostate cancer but not among those with no family history. Important family history-pesticide interactions were observed. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. IMS Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS, Room 8000, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 NR 39 TC 191 Z9 201 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 9 BP 800 EP 814 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg040 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 674KE UT WOS:000182635300006 PM 12727674 ER PT J AU Das, M Kang, DW Aneja, VP Lonneman, W Cook, DR Wesely, ML AF Das, M Kang, DW Aneja, VP Lonneman, W Cook, DR Wesely, ML TI Measurements of hydrocarbon air-surface exchange rates over maize SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VOCs; maize; Zea mays; biogenic VOCs; VOC fluxes; hydrocarbons; air-surface exchange ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; METHANOL; MODEL AB Vertical gradients of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured over a maize (Zea mays) field, in its early growth period, during May 1995, in the Lower Coastal Plains of North Carolina. These measurements were combined with micrometeorological flux measurements to determine emission flux measurements for various VOCs. This measurement program was part of project NOVA (Natural emissions of Oxidant precursors: Validation of techniques and Assessment) to estimate the flux of VOCs. Average emissions of VOCs (and standard error) was estimated to be 4900 +/- 700 mug/m(2)/h out of which emission for methanol averaged (3450 +/- 420) mug/m(2)/h. A methanol emission rate of 35 mug/g/h was calculated for maize from the estimated emission of methanol and biomass density for the site. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aneja, VP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 37 IS 16 BP 2269 EP 2277 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00076-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676XY UT WOS:000182778900009 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Stroehla, BC AF Cooper, GS Stroehla, BC TI The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases SO AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; incidence; prevalence; secular trends; demographics ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; PERIOD; NORWAY; MINNESOTA AB Autoimmune diseases are among the leading causes of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States. Incidence rates vary among the autoimmune diseases, with estimates ranging from less than one newly-diagnosed case of systemic sclerosis to more than 20 cases of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis per 100 000 person-years. Prevalence rates range from less than 5 per 100 000 (e.g. chronic active hepatitis, uveitis) to more than 500 per 100 000 (Grave disease, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis). At least 85% of thyroiditis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren disease patients are female. Although most diseases can occur at any age, some diseases primarily occur in childhood and adolescence (e.g. type 1 diabetes), in the mid-adult years (e.g. myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis), or among older adults (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, primary systemic vasculitis). Ethnic and geographic differences in incidence of specific autoimmune diseases have been documented, but specific groups may be at higher risk for some diseases and lower risk for other diseases. The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased but the rates of rheumatoid arthritis declined over the past 40 years. Thus although there are commonalities, there are also important demographic differences between diseases. Disease-specific research, as well as studies that focus on potentially related diseases, needs to be conducted. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. CODA Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. NR 40 TC 262 Z9 271 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9972 J9 AUTOIMMUN REV JI Autoimmun. Rev. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 119 EP 125 AR PII S1568-9972(03)00006-5 DI 10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00006-5 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 746FV UT WOS:000186737100002 PM 12848952 ER PT J AU Felicetti, LA Schwartz, CC Rye, RO Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA Phillips, DL Robbins, CT AF Felicetti, LA Schwartz, CC Rye, RO Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA Phillips, DL Robbins, CT TI Use of sulfur and nitrogen stable isotopes to determine the importance of whitebark pine nuts to Yellowstone grizzly bears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; MIXING MODELS; BLACK BEARS; DELTA-C-13; MORTALITY; PROTEIN AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a masting species that produces relatively large, fat- and protein-rich nuts that are consumed by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Trees produce abundant nut crops in some years and poor crops in other years. Grizzly bear survival in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is strongly linked to variation in pine-nut availability. Because whitebark pine trees are infected with blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), an exotic fungus that has killed the species throughout much of its range in the northern Rocky Mountains, we used stable isotopes to quantify the importance of this food resource to Yellowstone grizzly bears while healthy populations of the trees still exist. Whitebark pine nuts have a sulfur-isotope signature (9.2 +/- 1.3% (mean +/- 1 SD)) that is distinctly different from those of all other grizzly bear foods (ranging from 1.9 +/- 1.7parts per thousand for all other plants to 3.1 +/- 2.6parts per thousand for ungulates). Feeding trials with captive grizzly bears were used to develop relationships between dietary sulfur-, carbon-, and nitrogen-isotope signatures and those of bear plasma. The sulfur and nitrogen relationships were used to estimate the importance of pine nuts to free-ranging grizzly bears from blood and hair samples collected between 1994 and 2001. During years of poor pine-nut availability, 72% of the bears made minimal use of pine nuts. During years of abundant cone availability, 8 +/- 10% of the bears made minimal use of pine nuts, while 67 +/- 19% derived over 51% of their assimilated sulfur and nitrogen (i.e., protein) from pine nuts. Pine nuts and meat are two critically important food resources for Yellowstone grizzly bears. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Biol Resources Div,US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80215 USA. Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Felicetti, LA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 39 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 32 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 81 IS 5 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1139/Z03-054 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 698CT UT WOS:000183980600002 ER PT J AU Albright, WH Benson, CH Gee, GW Abichou, T Roesler, AC Rock, SA AF Albright, WH Benson, CH Gee, GW Abichou, T Roesler, AC Rock, SA TI Examining the alternatives SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and a group of collaborators from academia, industry, and the regulatory community are conducting research to determine whether landfill covers that use fine soils and vegetation to keep moisture from percolating into landfills can compete favorably at some locations with more conventional clay and composite covers. Here are the results so far. C1 Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Langan Engn, Elmwood Pk, NJ USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Albright, WH (reprint author), Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 674MH UT WOS:000182640200026 ER PT J AU Price, OT Lau, C Zucker, RM AF Price, OT Lau, C Zucker, RM TI Quantitative fluorescence of 5-FU-treated fetal rat limbs using confocal laser scanning microscopy and LysoTracker Red SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; confocal microscopy; LysoTracker Red; fetal rat limbs; 5-fluorouracil; fluorescence quantification; marching cubes; Surpass ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL; MOUSE EMBRYOS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SYSTEM PERFORMANCE; APOPTOSIS; 5-FLUOROURACIL; MORPHOLOGY; SECTIONS; EXPOSURE AB Background. LysoTracker Red (LT) is a paraformaldehyde fixable probe that concentrates into acidic compartments of cells and tissues. After cell death, a high level of lysosomal activity (acidic enzyme) is expressed in tissues resulting from phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by neighboring cells. LT was shown previously to be an indicator of cell death in a manner similar to other standard assays (Annexin, terminal dUTP nick end labeling, Nile blue sulfate, neutral red, and acridine orange). Methods: LT fluorescence in fetal rat hindlimbs at gestational day 14 was measured 8 h after administration of the teratogen, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Four dose levels of 5-FU (0, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) were studied. The preparation technique involved staining with LT, paraformaldehyde fixation, methanol dehydration, and clearance with benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate. After this treatment, the limb was nearly transparent and ready for CLSM analysis. Results: LT staining was observed in specific regions undergoing apoptosis in normal (control) hindlimbs. After 5-FU treatment, highly fluorescent regions appeared in the progress zone (PZ) of the limb. A dose-dependent response to 5-FU treatment was observed. Compared with controls, hindlimbs treated with 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg of 5-FU exhibited more fluorescence within the highly proliferative PZ. These results showed a dose-response relation between 5-FU exposure and LT uptake. Conclusions: We found that three-dimensional volumetric regions indicating a high level of fluorescence in the embryonic limb bud can be quantified with three different computer analysis programs. The combination of a sample preparation procedure that clears tissue, a CLSM technique that addresses the equipment variables, and an,application of statistical population analysis procedures enabled the visualization and quantification of fluorescence in entire fetal rat hindlimbs that were approximately 500 mum in thickness. Cytometry Part A 53A:9-21, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 72, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zucker, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 72, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAY PY 2003 VL 53A IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.10036 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 675VW UT WOS:000182718000002 PM 12701128 ER PT J AU Rockett, JC AF Rockett, JC TI Probing the nature of microarray-based oligonucleotides SO DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Envionm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rockett, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Envionm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-6446 J9 DRUG DISCOV TODAY JI Drug Discov. Today PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 8 IS 9 BP 389 EP 389 AR PII S1359-6446(03)02672-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02672-2 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 671BQ UT WOS:000182445500006 PM 12706653 ER PT J AU Wu, TJ Buck, GM Mendow, P AF Wu, TJ Buck, GM Mendow, P TI Blood lead levels and sexual maturation in US girls: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE fecundity; lead; menarche; puberty; sexual maturation ID GROWTH; MENARCHE; EXPOSURE; RAT; TOXICITY; AGE; ABSORPTION AB Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we assessed measures of puberty in U.S. girls in relation to blood lead levels to determine whether sexual maturation may be affected by current environmental lead exposure. The study sample included 1,706 girls 8-16 years old with pubic hair and breast development information; 1,235 girls 10-16 years old supplied information on menarche. Blood lead concentrations (range = 0.7-21.7 mug/dL) were categorized into three levels: 0.7-2.0, 2.1-4.9, and 5.0-21.7 mug/dL. Sexual maturation markers included self-reported attainment of menarche and physician determined Tanner stage 2 pubic hair and breast development. Girls who had not reached menarche or stage 2 pubic hair had higher blood lead levels than did girls who had. For example, among girls in the three levels of blood lead described above, the unweighted percentages of 10-year-olds who had attained Tanner stage 2 pubic hair were 60.0, 51.2, and 44.4%, respectively, and for girls 12 years old who reported reaching menarche, the values were 68.0, 44.3, and 38.5%, respectively. The negative relation of blood lead levels with attainment of menarche or stage 2 pubic hair remained significant in logistic regression even after adjustment for race/ethnicity, age, family size, residence in metropolitan area, poverty income ratio, and body mass index. In conclusion, higher blood lead levels were significantly associated with delayed attainment of menarche and pubic hair among U.S. girls, but not with breast development. C1 E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Family Med, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wu, TJ (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Family Med, POB 70672,149 Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. OI Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 41 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1289/ehp.6008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 677CB UT WOS:000182788400032 PM 12727603 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, CG TI Cradle-to-cradle stewardship of drugs for minimizing their environmental disposition while promoting human health. I. Rationale for and avenues toward a green pharmacy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cradle-to-cradle stewardship; drugs; environmental pollution; green pharmacy; pollution prevention ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHARMACEUTICALS; ANTIBIOTICS; INHIBITORS; DELIVERY; IMPACT; BLIND AB Since the 1980s, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as trace environmental pollutants, originating primarily from consumer use and actions rather than manufacturer effluents, continues to become more firmly established. Although PPCPs typically have been identified in surface and ground waters, some are also undoubtedly associated with solid phases such as suspended particulates, sediments, and sewage sludges, despite their relatively high affinity for water. Often amenable to degradation, their continual introduction to waste-receiving waters results from their widespread, continuous, combined use by individuals and domestic animals, giving PPCPs a "pseudo-persistence" in the environment. Little is known about the environmental or human health hazards that might be posed by chronic, subtherapeutic levels of these bioactive substances or their transformation products. The continually growing, worldwide importance of freshwater resources, however, underscores the need for ensuring that any aggregate or cumulative impacts on (or from) water supplies are minimized. Despite the paucity of effects data from long-term, simultaneous exposure at low doses to multiple xenobiotics (particularly non-target-organism exposure to PPCPs), a wide range of proactive actions could be implemented to reduce or minimize the introduction of PPCPs to the environment. Most of these actions fall under what could be envisioned as a holistic stewardship program-overseen by the health care industry and consumers alike. Significantly, such a stewardship program would benefit not just the environment; additional, collateral benefits could automatically accrue, including reducing consumers' medication expenses and improving patient health and consumer safety. In this article, the first of a two-part mini-monograph describing the "green pharmacy," I focus initially on the background behind the imperative for an ecologically oriented stewardship program for PPCPs. I then present a broad spectrum of possible source control/reduction actions, controlled largely by the health care industry, that could minimize the disposition of PPCPs to the environment. This two-part mini-monograph attempts to capture cohesively for the first time the wide spectrum of actions available for minimizing the release of PPCPs to the environment. A major objective is to generate an active dialog or debate across the many disciplines that must become actively involved to design and implement a successful approach to life-cycle stewardship of PPCPs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, ESD,Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, ESD,Environm Chem Branch, 944 E Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 151 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 8 U2 86 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP 757 EP 774 DI 10.1289/ehp.5947 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 677CB UT WOS:000182788400035 PM 12727606 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, CG TI Cradle-to-cradle stewardship of drugs for minimizing their environmental disposition while promoting human health. II. Drug disposal, waste reduction, and future directions SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cradle-to-cradle stewardship; drugs; environmental pollution; green pharmacy; pollution prevention ID PHARMACEUTICALS; POPULATION; MERCURY; TOILET; FATE AB Since the 1980s, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as trace environmental pollutants, originating primarily from consumer use and actions rather than manufacturer effluents, continues to become more firmly established. The growing, worldwide importance of freshwater resources underscores the need for ensuring that any aggregate or cumulative impacts on (or from) water supplies are minimized. Despite a paucity of effects data from long-term, simultaneous exposure at low doses to multiple xenobiotics (particularly non-target-organism exposure to PPCPs), a wide range of proactive actions could be implemented for reducing or minimizing the introduction of PPCPs to the environment. Most of these actions fall under what could be envisioned as a holistic stewardship program-overseen by the health care industry and consumers alike. Significantly, such a stewardship program would benefit not just the environment-additional, collateral benefits could automatically accrue, including the lessening of medication expense for the consumer and improving patient health and consumer safety. In this article (the second of two parts describing the "green pharmacy") I focus on those actions and activities tied more closely to the end user (e.g., the patient) and issues associated with drug disposal/recycling that could prove useful in minimizing the environmental disposition of PPCPs. I also outline some recommendations and suggestions for further research and pose some considerations regarding the future. In this mini-monograph I attempt to capture cohesively for the first time the wide spectrum of actions available for minimizing the release of PPCPs to the environment. A major objective is to generate an active dialog or debate across the many disciplines that must become actively involved to design and implement a successful approach to life-cycle stewardship of PPCPs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, ESD,Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, ESD,Environm Chem Branch, 944 E Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov NR 115 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 40 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP 775 EP 785 DI 10.1289/ehp.5948 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 677CB UT WOS:000182788400036 PM 12727607 ER PT J AU Larkin, P Folmar, LC Hemmer, MJ Poston, AJ Denslow, ND AF Larkin, P Folmar, LC Hemmer, MJ Poston, AJ Denslow, ND TI Expression profiling of estrogenic compounds using a sheepshead minnow cDNA macroarray SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE array; biomarkers; endocrine disruption; estrogen; fish; macroarray ID VITELLOGENIN GENE-EXPRESSION; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VIVO; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; ALKYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; INCREASING INCIDENCE; SIGNALING PATHWAY AB A variety of anthropogenic compounds are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) of vertebrate species. Binding of these chemicals to the ER can interfere with homeostasis by altering normal gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of 30 genes using a sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) cDNA macroarray. Many of the genes on the array were previously identified by differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to be upregulated or downregulated in sheepshead minnows treated through aqueous exposure to known or suspected estrogenic chemicals. The results of this study show that 17beta-estradiol (E-2), 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and methoxychlor (MXC) have similar genetic signatures for the 30 genes examined. The genetic signature of fish treated with p-nonylphenol was identical in pattern to that in fish treated with E-2, EE2, DES, and MXC except for the additional upregulation of a cDNA clone that shares similarity to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9. Endosulfan produced results that resembled the gene expression patterns of untreated control fish with exception of the upregulation of estrogen receptor a and the downregulation of a cDNA done that shares similarity to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. We show that our estrogen-responsive cDNA macroarray can detect dose-dependent changes in gene expression patterns in fish treated with EE2. C1 EcoArray LLC, Sid Martin Biotechnol Dev Inst, Dept Unit 12085, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Biotechnol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Larkin, P (reprint author), EcoArray LLC, Sid Martin Biotechnol Dev Inst, Dept Unit 12085, Res Dr, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. NR 71 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 839 EP 846 DI 10.1289/txg.5752 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 685CA UT WOS:000183242200019 ER PT J AU Ballatori, N Boyer, JL Rockett, JC AF Ballatori, N Boyer, JL Rockett, JC TI Exploiting genome data to understand the function, regulation, and evolutionary origins of toxicologically relevant genes SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE comparative genomics; databases; mechanisms of toxicity; nontraditional animal models; toxicogenomics ID EXPRESSION; TOXICOGENOMICS; VERTEBRATE; FISH AB The wealth of new information coming from the many genome sequencing projects is providing unprecedented opportunities for major advances in all areas of biology, including the environmental health sciences. To facilitate this discovery process, experts in the fields of functional genomics and informatics and the emerging field of toxicogenomics recently gathered at the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, site of a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Science Center, to share their ideas and latest research findings. The goal of the symposium was to highlight approaches that may be used to identify and characterize toxicologically relevant genes being discovered in the genome sequencing projects. Many of the approaches rely heavily on comparative models as a way of identifying gene homology, ontology, and physiologic function, and on the availability of databases that facilitate storage, analysis, interpretation, and widespread dissemination of relevant data. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Liver, New Haven, CT USA. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. RP Rockett, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, 2525 E Highway 54,MD-72, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 871 EP 875 DI 10.1289/txg.5961 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 685CA UT WOS:000183242200023 ER PT J AU Klemm, DJ Blocksom, KA Fulk, FA Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Peck, DV Stoddard, JL Thoeny, WT Griffith, MB Davis, WS AF Klemm, DJ Blocksom, KA Fulk, FA Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR Peck, DV Stoddard, JL Thoeny, WT Griffith, MB Davis, WS TI Development and evaluation of a Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) for regionally assessing Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; biological monitoring; benthic macroinvertebrates; metrics; multimetric; EMAP; IBI ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; UNITED-STATES; INDICATORS; FRAMEWORK; RESPONSES; CRITERIA; RIVERS AB The Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) was developed from data collected at 574 wadeable stream reaches in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region (MAHR) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). Over 100 candidate metrics were evaluated for range, precision, responsiveness to various disturbances, relationship to catchment area, and redundancy. Seven metrics were selected, representing taxa richness (Ephemeroptera richness, Plecoptera richness, Trichoptera richness), assemblage composition (percent non-insect individuals, percent 5 dominant taxa), pollution tolerance [Macroinvertebrate Tolerance Index (MTI)], and one functional feeding group (collector-filterer richness). We scored metrics and summed them, then ranked the resulting index through use of independently evaluated reference stream reaches. Although sites were classified into lowland and upland ecoregional groups, we did not need to develop separate scoring criteria for each ecoregional group. We were able to use the same metrics for pool and riffle composite samples, but we had to score them differently. Using the EMAP probability design, we inferred the results, with known confidence bounds, to the 167,797 kilometers of wadeable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. We classified 17% of the target stream length in the MAHR as good, 57% as fair, and 26% as poor. Pool-dominated reaches were relatively rare in the MAHR, and the usefulness of the MBII was more difficult to assess in these reaches. The process used for developing the MBII is widely applicable and resulted in an index effective in evaluating region-wide conditions and distinguishing good and impaired reaches among both upland and lowland streams dominated by riffle habitat. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, SoBran Inc, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Environm Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Klemm, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 52 TC 101 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 31 IS 5 BP 656 EP 669 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2945-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672NM UT WOS:000182527100008 PM 12719895 ER PT J AU Blocksom, KA AF Blocksom, KA TI A performance comparison of metric scoring methods for a multimetric index for Mid-Atlantic highlands streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE metric scoring; standardizing; multimetric index; Mid-Atlantic highlands; index performance ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FRAMEWORK; INDICATORS; REGION; LAKES AB When biological metrics are combined into a multimetric index for bioassessment purposes, individual metrics must be scored as unitless numbers to be combined into a single index value. Among different multimetric indices, methods of scoring metrics may vary widely in the type of scaling used and the way in which metric expectations are established. These differences among scoring methods may influence the performance characteristics of the final index that is created by summing individual metric scores. The Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII), a multimetric index, was developed previously for first through third order streams in the Mid-Atlantic highlands of the United States. In this study, six metric scoring methods were evaluated for the MBII using measures related to site condition and index variability, including the degree of overlap between impaired and reference distributions, relationships to a stressor gradient, within-sample index variability, temporal variability, and the minimum detectable difference. Measures of index variability were affected to a greater degree than those of index responsiveness by both the type of scaling (discrete or continuous) and the method of setting expectations. A scoring method using continuous scaling and setting metric expectations using the 95th percentile of the entire distribution of sites performed the best overall for the MBII. These results showed that the method of scoring metrics affects the properties of the final index, particularly variability, and should be examined in developing a multimetric index because these properties can affect the number of condition classes (e.g., unimpaired, impaired) an index can distinguish. C1 US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Blocksom, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 31 IS 5 BP 670 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2949-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672NM UT WOS:000182527100009 PM 12719896 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, CJ TI Role of environmental stress in the physiological response to chemical toxicants SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Physical-Society CY MAR, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Physiol Soc DE exercise; heat stress; toxic response; environmental physiology; epidemiology ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VITRO; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; SKIN AB Environmental physiology is the study of the physiological mechanisms that allow animals to cope with and adapt to changes in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and other natural factors of their physical environment. Nearly all toxicological and pharmacological studies are performed in resting (i.e., nonexercising) experimental animals acclimatized to standard environmental conditions that are usually considered ideal to the animal's physiological well-being. These ideal test conditions are clearly not representative of the fluctuations in the natural environment encountered by humans and other animals on a day-to-day basis. It behooves the toxicologist, especially those interested in extrapolating experimental data from laboratory animals to humans, to consider how variations in the natural environment will alter physiological responses to toxicants. Temperature and exercise are the two most well-studied parameters in the fields of environmental physiology and toxicology. In general, high temperatures exacerbate the toxic effects of many environmental toxicants. Moreover, exercising subjects are generally more vulnerable to airborne toxic agents. The prospect of global warming also warrants a better assessment of how higher environmental temperatures may impact on the response of humans and other species to toxic chemicals. Hence, this paper and accompanying papers from the proceedings of a symposium focus on the salient aspects of the interaction between environmental stress and physiological response to toxic agents with particular emphasis on temperature and exercise. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 32 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 AR PII S0013-9351(02)00008-7 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00008-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 673AW UT WOS:000182557300001 PM 12706749 ER PT J AU Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Carlson, J Gordon, CJ AF Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Carlson, J Gordon, CJ TI Effects of exercise conditioning on thermoregulatory responses to repeated administration of chlorpyrifos SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Physical-Society CY MAR, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Physiol Soc DE body temperature; chlorpyrifos; cholinesterase activity; fever; organophosphates ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IN-CORE TEMPERATURE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; IRON-METABOLISM; SPORTS ANEMIA; ELITE RUNNERS; ELEVATION; RAT; CYTOKINES; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB Little is known about the effects of physical activity (i.e., exercise training) on susceptibility to environmental toxicants. Chlorpyrifos (CHP), an organophosphate (OP) insecticide, affects thermoregulation, causing an acute period of hypothermia followed by a delayed fever. Since exercise conditioning alters the thermoregulatory responses of rodents, this study examined whether exercise training would alter the thermoregulatory response to repeated CHP administration in the female Sprague-Dawley rat. Core temperature (T-c) and motor activity (MA) were monitored by radiotelemetry in rats housed at an ambient temperature (T-a) of 22degreesC. The rats either were provided with continuous access to running wheels (exercise group) or were housed in standard cages without wheels (sedentary group). The exercise group rats ran predominately at night with an average of 7.6 km/24 h. After 8 weeks the rats in both groups were gavaged daily with corn oil or 10 mg/kg CHP (dissolved in corn oil) for 4 days. CHP induced an immediate hypothermic response followed by a delayed fever throughout the next day in the sedentary group rats after the first three doses of CHP. The exercise group rats showed no hypothermia after the first dose of CHP. However, they became hypothermic after the second and third doses of CHP. The exercise group rats developed a smaller daytime fever after each dose of CHP compared to the sedentary group rats. Overall, exercise training attenuated the hypothermic and febrile effects of repeated CHP. Thus, the data suggest that a sedentary lifestyle may increase the sensitivity to OP insecticides. Exercise training. was also associated with a more rapid recovery of plasma cholinesterase activity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Div I Acute & Long Term Care Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rowsey, PJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NINR NIH HHS [5-R01-NR04920-01-03, R01 NR004920] NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00096-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 673AW UT WOS:000182557300004 PM 12706752 ER PT J AU Watkinson, WP Campen, MJ Wichers, LB Nolan, JP Costa, DL AF Watkinson, WP Campen, MJ Wichers, LB Nolan, JP Costa, DL TI Cardiac and thermoregulatory responses to inhaled pollutants in healthy and compromised rodents: modulation via interaction with environmental factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Physical-Society CY MAR, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Physiol Soc DE rat; temperature; heart rate; ozone; particulate matter ID OIL FLY-ASH; PARTICULATE MATTER; OZONE TOXICITY; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ACUTE EXPOSURE; HEART-RATE; MODEL; PARAMETERS AB Rodents often demonstrate a profound depression in physiological function following acute exposure to toxic xenobiotic agents. This effect, termed the hypothermic response, is primarily characterized by significant decreases in core temperature and heart rate and is generally accompanied by similar deficits in other important functional parameters. This response appears to be remarkably consistent across a wide variety of toxic agents and exposure regimens; however, the magnitude and duration of the induced effects may be modulated by changes in dose, animal mass, and environmental conditions. While the initiating stimulus and underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive, this response may represent an inherent reflexive pattern that is unique to the rodent and serves to attenuate the induced toxicity. Given that rodents are the primary animal species used in toxicological studies, it is important to consider this hypothermic response and its modulatory factors when interpreting the results of such studies and extrapolating those results to man. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch,Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Watkinson, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch,Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00023-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 673AW UT WOS:000182557300005 PM 12706753 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Touati, A Hays, MD AF Gullett, BK Touati, A Hays, MD TI PCDD/F, PCB, HxCBz, PAH, and PM emission factors for fireplace and woodstove combustion in the San Francisco Bay region SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WOOD COMBUSTION; UNITED-STATES; AIR; SPECIATION; DIOXINS; FUELS AB Emissions from residential fireplace and woodstove appliances burning fuels available from the San Francisco Bay area were sampled for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), particulate matter(PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs, and the monosaccharide levoglucosan. Emission factors for these pollutants were determined, the first known characterization of this extent. Common California natural firewoods and manufactured artificial logs were tested under operating conditions intended to reflect domestic use patterns in the Bay area, which are primarily episodic burning for aesthetic reasons. Emission factors were determined by fuel type, fuel weight, mass emission rates, and energy output, highlighting differences between fuel and combustion facility type. Average PCDD/F emissions factors ranged from 0.25 to 1.4 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/ kg of wood burned for natural wood fuels and 2.4 ng TEQ/ kg for artificial logs. The natural wood emission factors are slightly lower than those which had been estimated for the U.S. inventory. Background-corrected PCBs emitted from woodstove/oak combustion (8370 ng/kg) are 3 orders of magnitude higher in mass than total PCDDs/Fs; however, their toxicity (0.014 ng TEQ/kg) is significantly lower. HxCBz emission factors varied from 13 to 990 ng/kg and were likely fuel- and appliance-specific. Relative PAH concentrations of particle-phase compounds and emission factors were consistent with others' findings. A total of 32 PAH compounds, ranging in concentration from 0.06 to 7 mg/ kg, amounted to between 0.12 and 0.38% of the PM mass, depending on the wood and facility type. Preliminary analyses suggest relationships between wood combustion markers and PCDD/F levels. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 45 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1758 EP 1765 DI 10.1021/es026373c PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674KD UT WOS:000182635200028 PM 12775046 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Impellitteri, CA Ryan, JA McEvoy, T AF Scheckel, KG Impellitteri, CA Ryan, JA McEvoy, T TI Assessment of a sequential extraction procedure for perturbed lead-contaminated samples with and without phosphorus amendments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-METAL CONTENTS; HEAVY-METALS; PYROMORPHITE FORMATION; CHEMICAL-EXTRACTION; MINE TAILINGS; SOILS; SEDIMENTS; SPECIATION; ZINC; HYDROXYAPATITE AB Sequential extraction procedures are used to determine the solid-phase association in which elements of interest exist in soil and sediment matrixes. Foundational work by Tessier et al. (Tessier, A.; Campbell, P. G. C.; Bisson, M. Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 844-851) has found widespread acceptance and has been employed as an operational definition for metal speciation in solid matrixes. However, a major obstacle confronting sequential extraction procedures is species alteration of extracted metals before, during, and after separation of solids from solution. If this occurs, the results obtained from sequential extraction do not provide an accurate account of metal speciation within the matrix because the metal forms are altered from their field state. Many researchers dismiss this drawback since several sorption and precipitation processes are believed to occur at time scales much longer than any particular extraction step. This assumption may not be valid. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential formation of pyromorphite (Pb-5(PO4)(3)Cl) during the sequential extraction steps of Pb-spiked samples with and without calcium phosphate amendments and to examine the differences in the operationally defined distribution of Pb in samples with and without the presence of P. The systems that were examined in the absence of phosphate behaved, for the most part, adequately according to the operational definitions of the extraction procedure. However, when the samples were amended with phosphate, results were drastically changed with a significant shift of extractable Pb to the residual phase. This redistribution was due to pyromorphite formation during the extraction procedure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies. These results indicate that sequential extraction methods may not be suitable for Pb speciation in perturbed environmental systems (i.e., fertilized agricultural soils or amended contaminated soils) and that rigorous interpretation should be avoided, if not supported by methods to definitively prove metal speciation (e.g., XAS). C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 61 TC 55 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1892 EP 1898 DI 10.1021/es026160n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674KD UT WOS:000182635200044 PM 12775062 ER PT J AU Wikstrom, E Ryan, S Touati, A Gullett, BK AF Wikstrom, E Ryan, S Touati, A Gullett, BK TI Key parameters for de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH; MECHANISTIC ASPECTS; MODEL MIXTURES; CARBON; PCDD/PCDF; DEGRADATION; COMBUSTION; OXIDATION; CHLORIDE AB De novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) was investigated in an Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) to simulate combustion conditions. The parameters investigated were carbon content and nature in fly ash; type of gas-phase environment (oxidative versus reducing conditions) influence of combustion gases such as water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; amount of gas-phase chlorine; reaction temperature (250-600 degreesC); and reaction time (minutes vs hours). The comprehensive data set was further evaluated with principal component analysis (PCA) to statistically determine the role and importance of each parameter for de novo formation of PCDDs and PCDFs. Results revealed that an initial fast de novo formation occurs within the first minutes with a formation rate in the orders of hundreds of pmol per minutes; however, the reactivity of the ash was found to decline with time. An average formation rate as low as 3 pmol/min was measured after 6 h. The slower de novo formation of PCDDs and PCDFs was found to be through different reaction mechanisms and, thus, controlled by different parameters. The amount of Cl-2 in the gas phase was observed to be an important parameter for PCDFs formation; meanwhile the levels of O-2 were not found to be a PCDF rate controlling parameter. The formation rate of PCDDs was significantly lower than the PCDFs, and two mechanisms appear to be controlling the formation, one depending on the amount of O-2 and one on the amount of Cl-2 present in the gas phase. Overall the most significant parameter for the rate of formation for both PCDDs and PCDFs was revealed to be the reaction temperature. A maximum rate of formation was observed between 300-400 degreesC for the PCDDs and 400-500 degreesC for the PCDFs. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1962 EP 1970 DI 10.1021/es026240r PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674KD UT WOS:000182635200054 PM 12775072 ER PT J AU Devlin, RB Ghio, AJ Kehrl, H Sanders, G Cascio, W AF Devlin, RB Ghio, AJ Kehrl, H Sanders, G Cascio, W TI Elderly humans exposed to concentrated air pollution particles have decreased heart rate variability SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Air Pollution Effects in the Elderly CY MAR 12-14, 2001 CL PISA, ITALY DE heart rate variability; humans; particulate matter ID OIL FLY-ASH; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; SUDDEN-DEATH; INFLAMMATION; MORTALITY; INJURY; RISK AB Air pollution particles are thought to kill 500,000 people worldwide each year. The population most at risk appears to be elderly people with respiratory and cardiovascular disease. As yet, no commonly accepted mechanism has been proposed which can explain the cause of these deaths.' Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in healthy elderly adults between the ages of 60 and 80 who were exposed twice for 2 h: once to clean air and once to concentrated ambient air pollution particles (CAPS). Changes in HRV were measured immediately before, immediately following, and 24 h after exposure. Elderly subjects experienced significant decreases in HRV in both time and frequency domains immediately following exposure. Some of these changes persisted for at least 24 h. These data were compared with HRV data collected from young healthy volunteers exposed to CAPS in a previous study, in which no CAPS-induced changes in HRV were found. These concentrated ambient air pollution particle-induced changes in heart rate variability in a controlled human exposure study extend similar findings reported in recent panel studies and suggest potential mechanisms by which particulate matter may induce adverse cardiovascular events. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Devlin, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 21 SU 40 BP 76S EP 80S DI 10.1183/09031936.03.00402403 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 680TN UT WOS:000182994800014 ER PT J AU Detenbeck, NE Elonen, CM Taylor, DL Anderson, LE Jicha, TM Batterman, SL AF Detenbeck, NE Elonen, CM Taylor, DL Anderson, LE Jicha, TM Batterman, SL TI Effects of hydrogeomorphic region, catchment storage and mature forest on baseflow and snowmelt stream water quality in second-order Lake Superior Basin tributaries SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catchment; classification; Lake Superior; tributaries; water quality ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; RETENTION; CHEMISTRY; WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; EXPORT AB 1. In this study we predict stream sensitivity to non-point source pollution based on the non-linear responses of hydrological regimes and associated loadings of non-point source pollutants to catchment properties. We assessed two hydrologically based thresholds of impairment, one for catchment storage (5-10%) and one for mature forest (<50% versus >60% of catchment in mature forest cover) across two different hydrogeomorphic regions within the Northern Lakes and Forest (NLF) ecoregion: the North Shore [predominantly within the North Shore Highlands Ecological Unit] and the South Shore (predominantly within the Lake Superior Clay Plain Ecological Unit). Water quality samples were collected and analysed during peak snowmelt and baseflow conditions from 24 second-order streams grouped as follows: three in each region x catchment storage x mature forest class. 2. Water quality was affected by a combination of regional influences, catchment storage and mature forest. Regional differences were significant for suspended solids, phosphorus, nitrogen: phosphorus ratios, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity. Catchment storage was significantly correlated with dissolved silica during the early to mid-growing season, and with DOC, specific conductance and alkalinity during all seasons. Total nitrogen and dissolved nitrogen were consistently less in low mature forest than in high mature forest catchments. Catchment storage interacted with the influence of mature forest for only two metrics: colour and the soluble inorganic nitrogen : phosphorus ratio. 3. Significant interaction terms (region by mature forest or region by storage) suggest differences in regional sensitivity for conductance, alkalinity, total organic carbon, and colour, as well as possible shifts in thresholds of impact across region or mature forest class. 4. Use of the NLF Ecoregion alone as a basis for setting regional water quality criteria would lead to the misinterpretation of reference condition and assessment of condition. There were pronounced differences in background water quality between the North and South Shore streams, particularly for parameters related to differences in soil parent material and glacial history. A stratified random sampling design for baseflow and snowmelt stream water quality based on both hydrogeomorphic region and catchment attributes improves assessments of both reference condition and differences in regional sensitivity. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Detenbeck, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 48 IS 5 BP 912 EP 927 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01056.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 666NP UT WOS:000182183600013 ER PT J AU Johnson, LG Vanhook, MK Coyne, CB Haykal-Coates, N Gavett, SH AF Johnson, LG Vanhook, MK Coyne, CB Haykal-Coates, N Gavett, SH TI Safety and efficiency of modulating paracellular permeability to enhance airway epithelial gene transfer in vivo SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article ID ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS VECTORS; LIPOSOME-DNA COMPLEXES; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; IN-VIVO; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ADENOVIRUS VECTORS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; LENTIVIRAL VECTOR; TIGHT JUNCTIONS AB We evaluated the safety of agents that enhance gene transfer by modulating paracellular permeability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytokine release were measured in polarized primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cells after lumenal application of vehicle, ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), sodium caprate (C10), or sodium laurate (C12). Lung toxicity was assessed after tracheobronchial instillation to murine airways and the relative ability of these agents to enhance in vivo adenoviral gene transfer was evaluated. Lumenal C12 increased LDH release in vitro, but C10 and EGTA did not. Increased levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) were secreted from EGTA-pretreated cystic fibrosis HAE cells after apical application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(8) CFU/ml), whereas IL-8 secretion from C10- and C12-pretreated cells was not different from controls. In vivo toxicity studies demonstrated no effect of EGTA, C10, or C12 on weight gain, lung edema, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) albumin. EGTA increased BALF cell counts, neutrophils, and murine ( m) macrophage inflammatory protein 2, mKC, mIL-6, and mIL-1beta levels. C10 had no effect on BALF cell counts or LDH, but increased murine tumor necrosis factor a. C12 increased BALF LDH, neutrophils, and mIL-6 levels. Histopathological analysis revealed mild focal lung inflammation more frequently in the EGTA, C10, and C12 groups than in vehicle controls, with greater intensity in the C12 group relative to the other groups. C10 and C12 also increased airway responsiveness to methacholine challenge compared with control and EGTA groups. Adenoviral gene transfer to murine trachea in vivo was enhanced more efficiently by C10 than by C12 or EGTA. Thus, the different toxicities may permit the selection of agents that enhance gene transfer with minimal adverse effects. C1 Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Johnson, LG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, CB 7248,7123A Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL51818, HL58342] NR 57 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1043-0342 J9 HUM GENE THER JI Hum. Gene Ther. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 14 IS 8 BP 729 EP 747 DI 10.1089/104303403765255138 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 681NV UT WOS:000183043000003 PM 12804137 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Schwartz, RE Weitz, KK Soelberg, JJ Foureman, GL Prah, JD Timchalk, C AF Thrall, KD Schwartz, RE Weitz, KK Soelberg, JJ Foureman, GL Prah, JD Timchalk, C TI A real-time method to evaluate the nasal deposition and clearance of acetone in the human volunteer SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; AIR-FLOW; F344 RAT; VAPORS; EXPOSURE; METABOLISM; ACETATE; AIRWAYS; MODEL AB Nasal dosimetry models have become increasingly quantitative as insights into tissue deposition/clearance and computational fluid dynamics have become available. Validation of these models requires sufficient experimental data. However, investigations into respiratory deposition, particularly in human volunteers, have been historically limited due to methodological limitations. To overcome this, a method for evaluating the nasal wash-in, wash-out phenomena of a highly water-soluble compound in human volunteers was developed and characterized. This methodology was assessed using controlled human inhalation exposures to uniformly labeled [C-13]acetone at approximately 1 ppm concentration for 30 min under different breathing maneuvers (inhale nose/exhale nose; inhale nose/exhale mouth; inhale mouth/exhale nose). A small-diameter air-sampling probe inserted in the nasopharyngeal cavity of the volunteer was connected directly to an ion-trap mass spectrometer capable of sampling every 0.8 s. A second ion-trap mass spectrometer simultaneously sampled from the volunteer's exhaled breath stream via a breath-inlet device interface. Together, the two mass spectrometers provided real-time appraisal of the [C-13]acetone concentrations in the nasopharyngeal region and in the exhaled breath stream before, during, and after the different breathing maneuvers. The breathing cycle (depth and frequency) and heart rate were concurrently monitored throughout the exposure using a heart-rate monitor and a human plethysmograph to differentiate inhalation and exhalation. Graphical overlay of the plethysmography results with the mass spectrometer measurements show clear quantifiable differences in [C-13]acetone levels at the nasal probe as a function of breathing maneuvers. Breath-by-breath analyses of [C-13]acetone concentrations indicate that between 40 and 75% of the compound is absorbed upon inhalation and nearly all of that absorbed is released back into the breath stream during exhalation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Lab, Div Biol Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 15 IS 6 BP 523 EP 538 DI 10.1080/08958370390205056 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 681XQ UT WOS:000183061200001 PM 12692729 ER PT J AU Geller, AM Sutton, LD AF Geller, AM Sutton, LD TI The effects of cholinergic (Ch) overstimulation on inositol phosphate (IP) release in cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 SU 1 MA 388 BP U76 EP U76 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CH UT WOS:000184606800363 ER PT J AU Perez, L Sutton, LD Geller, AM AF Perez, L Sutton, LD Geller, AM TI Age and strain comparisons of retinal inositolphosphate (IP) release and ERG in the rat SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 SU 1 MA 1504 BP U352 EP U352 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CH UT WOS:000184606801452 ER PT J AU Goo, J Kim, CS AF Goo, J Kim, CS TI Theoretical analysis of particle deposition in human lungs considering stochastic variations of airway morphology SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; MODELS; WOMEN; MEN AB Particle deposition in human lungs was investigated theoretically considering a stochastic variation of airway morphology using a Monte Carlo method. In computing the total and regional deposition each airway generation was divided into infinitesimal volume segments and each volume segment was allowed to pass through randomly selected airway branches of which morphology (e.g., airway dimensions and branching angle) was varied randomly. Deposition values obtained by the Monte Carlo method were compared with those obtained by the traditional deterministic method. It was found that the Monte Carlo method predicted deposition values generally comparable to those predicted by deterministic method for sub-micron size particles. However, for micron size particles the Monte Carlo method provided greater deposition values in the proximal airway regions where deposition occurs mainly by inertial impaction. The difference could be attributed to the non-linear relationship between deposition efficiency and airway dimensions in the inertial deposition regime. The results suggest that a Monte Carlo method may be a useful tool for evaluating deposition of inhaled particles in the lungs with a wide variation of airway dimensions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Woosuk Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Jeonbuk, South Korea. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5 BP 585 EP 602 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00024-7 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 681FE UT WOS:000183025600005 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Pillai, UR Junsophonsri, S Levien, KL AF Sahle-Demessie, E Pillai, UR Junsophonsri, S Levien, KL TI Solubility of organic biocides in supercritical CO2 and CO2 + cosolvent mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID EXTRACTION; SOLIDS; MIXTURES; SOLVENTS; GASES AB Solubilities of four organic biocides in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured using a dynamic flow apparatus over a pressure range of (10 to 30) MPa and a temperature range of (35 to 80) degreesC. The biocides studied were Amical-48 (diiodomethyl p-tolyl sulfone), chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile), TCMTB (2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole), and tebuconazole (alpha-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-alpha- (1,1-dimethylethyl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol). Data represented the effects of temperature and pressure on biocide solubility. Measured solubilities were correlated with the density of pure solvent. The effects of methanol and acetone as cosolvents on the solubility of TCMTB and tebuconazole were determined at (50 and 65) degreesC and at selected pressures between (10 and 30) MPa. The introduction of 3 mol % acetone or methanol increased the solubilities of tebuconazole by a factor of 3 to 7. The cosolvent effect decreased with increase in pressure. At (5 to 10) mol % of cosolvent, the solubility of either biocide increased with the amount of cosolvent; however, the increase was more significant for tebuconazole than for TCMTB. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS-443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1021/je0255473 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 676RG UT WOS:000182765600017 ER PT J AU McInnes, DM Kampbell, D AF McInnes, DM Kampbell, D TI Bubble stripping to determine hydrogen concentrations in ground water: A practical application of Henry's law SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BIODEGRADATION C1 E Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Managment Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP McInnes, DM (reprint author), E Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 516 EP 519 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 666AD UT WOS:000182152700018 ER PT J AU Zhang, RD Wood, AL Enfield, CG Jeong, SW AF Zhang, RD Wood, AL Enfield, CG Jeong, SW TI Stochastical analysis of surfactant-enhanced remediation of denser-than-water nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-contaminated soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; AQUIFER REMEDIATION; MULTIPHASE APPROACH; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; 2-PHASE FLOW; TRANSPORT; MODEL; TRICHLOROETHENE; SOLUBILIZATION; CONTAMINATION AB Stochastical analysis was performed to assess the effect of soil spatial variability and heterogeneity on the recovery of denser-than-water nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) during the process of surfactant-enhanced remediation. UTCHEM, a three-dimensional, multicomponent, multiphase, compositional model, was used to simulate water flow and chemical transport processes in heterogeneous soils. Soil spatial variability and heterogeneity were accounted for by considering the soil permeability as a spatial random variable and a geostatistical method was used to generate random distributions of the permeability. The randomly generated permeability fields were incorporated into UTCHEM to simulate DNAPL transport in heterogeneous media and stochastical analysis was conducted based on the simulated results. From the analysis, an exponential relationship between average DNAPL recovery and soil heterogeneity (defined as the standard deviation of log of permeability) was established with a coefficient of determination (r(2)) of 0.991, which indicated that DNAPL recovery decreased exponentially with increasing soil heterogeneity. Temporal and spatial distributions of relative saturations in the water phase, DNAPL, and microemulsion in heterogeneous soils were compared with those in homogeneous soils and related to soil heterogeneity. Cleanup time and uncertainty to determine DNAPL distributions in heterogeneous soils were also quantified. The study would provide useful information to design strategies for the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase liquid-contaminated soils with spatial variability and heterogeneity. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wuhan Univ, Dept Water Resources, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Zhang, RD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 957 EP 965 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680UN UT WOS:000182997100022 PM 12809296 ER PT J AU Schaum, J Schuda, L Wu, C Sears, R Ferrario, J Andrews, K AF Schaum, J Schuda, L Wu, C Sears, R Ferrario, J Andrews, K TI A national survey of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants in the United States milk supply SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBTs; cow milk; dioxins; PCBs; PAHs ID RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEVEL; PCBS AB This study measured 21 persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants in the US milk supply. Since milk fat is likely to be among the highest dietary sources of exposure to PBTs, it is important to understand their levels in this food. Nationwide samples were collected from 45 dairy plants in July of 2000 and again in January 2001. The levels of all chemicals in the chlorobenzene, pesticide and other halogenated organic groups were determined to be below their detection limits in all samples. National averages were computed for 11 chemicals or chemical groups found above the detection limits. The national average CDD/CDF and PCB TEQ concentrations were 14.30 and 8.64 pg/l, respectively, for a total of 22.94 pg/l. These levels are about half the values found in a similar study conducted in 1996. If this difference is in fact indicative of declining milk levels and assuming exposure levels from nondairy pathways have remained the same over this time period, this would result in an overall decrease in adult background dioxin exposure of 14%. Six PAHs were detected with national averages ranging from 40 to 777 ng/l. Cadmium concentrations ranged from 150 to 870 ng/l with a national average of 360 ng/l. Lead concentrations were consistently higher than those of cadmium, ranging from 630 to 1950 ng/l with a national average of 830 ng/l. PAHs showed the strongest seasonal/geographic differences, with higher levels in winter than summer, north than south and east than west. Average adult daily intakes from total milk fat ingestion were computed for all detected compounds and compared to total intakes from all pathways: CDD/CDF/PCBTEQs: 8 vs. 55 pg/day, PAHs: 0.6 vs. 3 mug/day, lead: 0.14 vs. 4 - 6 mug/day, and cadmium: 0.06 vs. 30 mug/day. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Air & Radiat Environm Lab, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. US EPA, Environm Chem Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 45268 USA. RP Schaum, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500269 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 686BG UT WOS:000183300200002 PM 12743612 ER PT J AU Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Lyu, C Menton, R Morgan, MK AF Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Lyu, C Menton, R Morgan, MK TI Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preschool children; multimedia; PAH; PCB; pesticides; phenols; phthalates ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IN-HOUSE DUST; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; POLYURETHANE FOAM; WASHINGTON-STATE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CHLORPYRIFOS; AIR; URINE; SOIL AB In the summer of 1997, we measured the aggregate exposures of nine preschool children, aged 2 - 5 years, to a suite of organic pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants that are commonly found in the home and school environment. The children attended either of two child day care centers in the Raleigh - Durham - Chapel Hill area of North Carolina and were in day care at least 25 h/week. Over a 48-h period, we sampled indoor and outdoor air, play area soil and floor dust, as well as duplicate diets, hand surface wipes, and urine for each child at day care and at home. Our target analytes were several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); two organophosphate pesticides ( chlorpyrifos and diazinon), the lawn herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), three phenols ( pentachlorophenol (PCP), nonyl phenols, and bisphenol-A), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), and two phthalate esters ( benzylbutyl and dibutyl phthalate). In urine, our target analytes were hydroxy-PAH, TCP, 2,4-D, and PCP. To allow estimation of each child's aggregate exposures over the 48-h sampling period, we also used time - activity diaries, which were filled out by each child's teacher at day care and the parent or other primary caregiver at home. In addition, we collected detailed household information that related to potential sources of exposure, such as pesticide use or smoking habits, through questionnaires and field observation. We found that the indoor exposures were greater than those outdoors, that exposures at day care and at home were of similar magnitudes, and that diet contributed greatly to the exposures. The children's potential aggregate doses, calculated from our data, were generally well below established reference doses (RfDs) for those compounds for which RfDs are available. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wilson, NK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 100 Capitola Dr,Suite 301, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NR 57 TC 161 Z9 164 U1 7 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500270 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 686BG UT WOS:000183300200003 PM 12743613 ER PT J AU Rao, P Kodavanti, S Zhang, P AF Rao, P Kodavanti, S Zhang, P TI Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls on [H-3]phorbol ester binding in rat neurons SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAY 03-07, 2003 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 85 SU 1 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 677VJ UT WOS:000182828800047 ER PT J AU Mundy, WR Freudenrich, TM AF Mundy, WR Freudenrich, TM TI Organotin-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells: signaling through the map kinase pathway SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAY 03-07, 2003 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 85 SU 1 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 677VJ UT WOS:000182828800118 ER PT J AU Abernathy, CO Thomas, DJ Calderon, RL AF Abernathy, CO Thomas, DJ Calderon, RL TI Health effects and risk assessment of arsenic SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals CY JUN 02-06, 2002 CL BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DE arsenic; methylation; cancer; diabetes; vascular disease ID DRINKING-WATER; BLADDER-CANCER; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; REDUCTASE; TRIVALENT; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; DISEASE AB Humans can be exposed to arsenic (As) through the intake of air, food and water. Although food is usually the major source of As exposure for people, most adverse effects are seen after As exposure from drinking water. The two main reasons for this situation are that most food arsenicals are organic and have little or no toxicity, and in many cases, As exposures from drinking water sources are to the more toxic inorganic form and occur at relatively high doses, e.g., hundreds of micrograms per day. In various parts of the world, As in drinking water is associated with such effects as gastroenteritis, neurological manifestations, vascular changes, diabetes and cancers (bladder, lung, liver, kidney and prostate). After reviewing the As database, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a maximum contaminant level for As in drinking water of 10 mug/L. C1 US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20422 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abernathy, CO (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20422 USA. NR 32 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 133 IS 5 SU 1 BP 1536S EP 1538S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 677VD UT WOS:000182828100026 PM 12730460 ER PT J AU Keen, CL Clegg, MS Hanna, LA Lanoue, L Rogers, JM Daston, GP Oteiza, P Uriu-Adams, JY AF Keen, CL Clegg, MS Hanna, LA Lanoue, L Rogers, JM Daston, GP Oteiza, P Uriu-Adams, JY TI The plausibility of micronutrient deficiencies being a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of pregnancy complications SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Nutrition as A Preventive Strategy Against Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes CY JUL 18-19, 2002 CL MERTON COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO MERTON COLL DE zinc; copper; pregnancy; nutrition; malformations ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; PERINATAL COPPER DEFICIENCY; GESTATIONAL ZINC-DEFICIENCY; METALLOTHIONEIN-NULL MICE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; IRON-DEFICIENCY; MATERNAL ZINC; VITAMIN-A AB Numerous studies support the concept that a major cause of pregnancy complications can be suboptimal embryonic and fetal nutrition. Although the negative effects of diets low in energy on pregnancy outcome are well documented, less clear are the effects of diets that are low in one or more essential micronutrients. However, several observational and intervention studies suggest that diets low in essential vitamins and minerals can pose a significant reproductive risk in diverse human populations. Although maternal nutritional deficiencies typically occur as a result of low dietary intakes of essential nutrients, nutritional deficiencies at the level of the conceptus can arise through multiple mechanisms. Evidence from experimental animals supports the concept that in addition to primary deficiencies, secondary embryonic and fetal nutritional deficiencies can be caused by diverse factors including genetics, maternal disease, toxicant insults and physiological stressors that can trigger a maternal acute phase response. These secondary responses may be significant contributors to the occurrence of birth defects. An implication of the above is that the frequency and severity of pregnancy complications may be reduced through an improvement in the micronutrient status of the mother. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reproduct Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Pharm & Biochem, CONICET, IQUIFIB,Dept Biol Chem, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Keen, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 26777, HD 01743]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 07355] NR 141 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 133 IS 5 SU 2 BP 1597S EP 1605S PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 681AC UT WOS:000183011400003 PM 12730474 ER PT J AU Smith, ND Mitchell, WA Tufts, MW AF Smith, ND Mitchell, WA Tufts, MW TI Determining minimum ignition energies and quenching distances of difficult-to-ignite compounds SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE minimum ignition energy; quenching distance; hydrofluorocarbons AB Difficulties experienced using ASTM Method E 582-88 for determination of minimum ignition energies of compounds more difficult to ignite than simple hydrocarbons are described along with remedies for overcoming those difficulties. Minimum ignition energies and associated quenching distances are reported for four hydrofluorocarbon compounds using a modified Method E 582-88 apparatus and procedure. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Smith, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 673NH UT WOS:000182586700002 ER PT J AU Lemieux, PM Gullett, BK Lutes, CC Winterrowd, CK Winters, DL AF Lemieux, PM Gullett, BK Lutes, CC Winterrowd, CK Winters, DL TI Variables affecting emissions of PCDD/Fs from uncontrolled combustion of household waste in barrels SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; PCBS AB The uncontrolled burning of household waste in barrels has recently been implicated as a major source of airborne emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). A detailed, systematic study to understand the variables affecting emissions of PCDD/Fs from burn barrels was performed. The waste composition, fullness of the barrel, and the combustion conditions within the barrel all contribute significantly to determining the emissions of PCDD/Fs from burn barrels. The study found no statistically significant effect on emissions from the Cl content of waste except at high levels, which are not representative of typical household waste. At these elevated Cl concentrations, the impact of Cl on PCDD/F emissions was found to be independent of the form of the Cl (inorganic or organic). For typical burn conditions, most of the PCDD/F emissions appear to be associated with the later stages of the burn when the waste is smoldering. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were also measured for a subset of the tests. For the nominal waste composition, the average emission were 76.8. ng toxic equivalency units (TEQ)(WH098)/kg of waste combusted, which suggests that uncontrolled. burning of household waste could be a major source of airborne PCDD/Fs in the United States. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Toxics, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lemieux, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 53 IS 5 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674CE UT WOS:000182618500003 PM 12774985 ER PT J AU Rizzo, M Scheff, PA Kaldy, W AF Rizzo, M Scheff, PA Kaldy, W TI Adjusting tapered element oscillating microbalance data for comparison with Federal Reference Method PM2.5 measurements in Region 5 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TEOM SYSTEM; PM10; AEROSOL; MASS AB Continuous monitoring of particulate matter (PM) with a diameter less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5) is quickly gaining acceptance as an alternative means of measuring fine PM in the United States. For this project, data were taken from all monitoring sites within Region 5 that used the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) for PM2.5 and had a collocated Federal Reference Method (FRM),monitor. Scatter plots of TEOM versus FRM show that for a significant fraction of the observations, an independent factor causes the TEOM to underestimate the FRM value. This underestimation appears to increase as temperature decreases. For this analysis, a linear relationship was fit to the TEOM versus FRM data, allowing a break or knot in the relationship, modeled as a change of slope, at a site-specific temperature. To test whether the models are adequate for adjusting future measurements, models were also developed using the first year of data only,and the remaining observations were used to test the durability of the relationships. For all but one monitor in Minnesota, the models developed for each site had consistently high R(2)s, were predictive of future measurements, and could be used to derive "FRM-like" results from the TEOM measurements. The temperature knots fitted by the model for individual sites ranged from 12.9 to 20.6 degreesC. Data from all six sites in the state of Michigan were also combined to determine if a single model could be developed for the entire state. While the single model for the state of Michigan worked reasonably well, some of the predicted concentrations at individual sites were systematically underestimating the observed concentrations on more polluted days. The same conclusion was drawn for a Region 5-wide model. This approach was also found to work very well for six individual TEOM monitors in New York State. C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Hamilton Cty Dept Environm Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Scheff, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 5, Chicago, IL USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 53 IS 5 BP 596 EP 607 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674CE UT WOS:000182618500011 PM 12774993 ER PT J AU Pressler, BM Vaden, SL Lane, IF Cowgill, LD Dye, JA AF Pressler, BM Vaden, SL Lane, IF Cowgill, LD Dye, JA TI Candida spp. urinary tract infections in 13 dogs and seven cats: Predisposing factors, treatment, and outcome SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; FLUCONAZOLE; ALBICANS; FUNGURIA AB Records from 20 animals (13 dogs, seven cats) with Candida spp. urinary tract infections were reviewed. Six Candida spp. were isolated; Candida albicans was the most common isolate. Concurrent diseases or nonantifungal drugs administered within 1 month of isolation included antibiotics (n=16), corticosteroids (n=6), diabetes mellitus (n=4), nonurogenital neoplasia (n=3), and noncandidal urogenital disease (n=1 4). All animals had sources of local or systemic immune compromise that likely predisposed to infection. Of five animals with resolution of infection, three did not receive specific antifungal treatment. The authors conclude that correction of predisposing conditions is likely critical for management of Candida spp. urinary tract infection. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vaden, SL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOC PI LAKEWOOD PA PO BOX 150899, LAKEWOOD, CO 80215-0899 USA SN 0587-2871 J9 J AM ANIM HOSP ASSOC JI J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 673LZ UT WOS:000182583600009 PM 12755200 ER PT J AU Fisher, TS Darden, T Prasad, VR AF Fisher, TS Darden, T Prasad, VR TI Mutations proximal to the minor groove-binding track of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase differentially affect utilization of RNA versus DNA as template SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; VERTICAL-SCANNING MUTAGENESIS; NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTIONS; DRUG-RESISTANT MUTANTS; POLYMERASE ACTIVE-SITE; PRIMER GRIP REGION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRITICAL TRYPTOPHAN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IN-VITRO AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT), like all retroviral RTs, is a versatile DNA polymerase that can copy both RNA and DNA templates. In spite of extensive investigations into the structure-function of this enzyme, the structural basis for this dual template specificity is poorly understood. Biochemical studies with two mutations in HIV-1 RT that affect residues contacting the template-primer now provide some insight into this specialized property. The mutations are N255D and N265D, both adjoining the minor groove-binding track, in the thumb region. The N265D substitution led to a loss of processive polymerization on DNA but not on RNA, whereas N255D drastically reduced processive synthesis on both templates. This differential template usage was accompanied by a rapid dissociation of the N265D variant on DNA but not RNA templates, whereas the N255D variant rapidly dissociated from both templates. Molecular dynamics modeling suggested that N265D leads to a loss of template strand-specific hydrogen bonding, indicating that this is a key determinant of the differential template affinity. The N255D substitution caused local changes in conformation and a consequent loss of interaction with the primer, leading to a loss of processive synthesis with both templates. We conclude that N265 is part of a subset of template-enzyme contacts that enable RT to utilize DNA templates in addition to RNA templates and that such residues play an important role in facilitating processive DNA synthesis on both RNA and DNA templates. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Prasad, VR (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1300 Morris Pk Ave,Rm GB 401, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI030861, R01 AI30861]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007491, T32-GM07491] NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 77 IS 10 BP 5837 EP 5845 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.10.5837-5845.2003 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 674HJ UT WOS:000182631100031 PM 12719577 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Snoeyink, VL AF Lytle, DA Snoeyink, VL TI The effect of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon on the properties of iron colloidal suspensions SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE colloids; colour; drinking water; inorganic carbon; iron; turbidity ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION INTERFACE; TIDAL FRESH-WATER; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MELAMINE RESINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; GREEN RUST; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION AB Discoloured water resulting from suspended iron particles is a relatively common drinking water consumer complaint. These particles result from the oxygenation of Fe(II), and this study shows that pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) have important effects on their properties. Bench scale tests were conducted at a single oxygen concentration over a broad PH range. increasing the DIC concentration increased the turbidity and apparent colour of a fixed concentration of iron suspension below pHsimilar to8.7. Inorganic carbon was incorporated into the particle structure at these pH values. Above pHsimilar to8.7 and in higher DIC waters, an intermediate green solid that contained Fe(II), Fe(III) and inorganic carbon formed for a brief period prior to complete oxidation to an Fe(III) solid. The green solid apparently was green rust, (Fe4Fe2III)-Fe-II(OH)(12)CO3. After complete oxidation of the intermediate solid to an Fe(III) solid, the iron particles did not include measurable amounts of inorganic carbon and appeared to maintain the physical structure of the green rust. Above pHsimilar to8.7, DIC did not affect suspension colour and turbidity and inorganic carbon was not incorporated in the particle structure. The colour and turbidity of iron suspensions were largely related to particle size distribution. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, WSWRD, TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, WSWRD, TTEB, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD MAY PY 2003 VL 52 IS 3 BP 165 EP 180 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 692HX UT WOS:000183656600001 ER PT J AU Lynch, L Lovell, SJ AF Lynch, L Lovell, SJ TI Combining spatial and survey data to explain participation in agricultural land preservation programs SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID FARMLAND PRICES; ECONOMICS; VALUES AB The factors influencing participation in both purchase of development rights and transfer of development rights farmland preservation programs are analyzed using data from a survey of agricultural landowners and from spatial data on individual farms collected using GIS for four Maryland counties. Generally, the likelihood of participation increases with farm size, growing crops, if a child plans to continue farming, eligibility and the share of income from farming. Landowners closer to the nearest city were less likely to join. Survey information about landowner characteristics and local selection committees may aid in targeting efforts. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lynch, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 10 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 79 IS 2 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.2307/3146870 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 673FA UT WOS:000182568500008 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Ho, KT Serbst, JR Ryba, SA Kuhn, A Perron, MM Raczelowski, P Cantwell, MG AF Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Ho, KT Serbst, JR Ryba, SA Kuhn, A Perron, MM Raczelowski, P Cantwell, MG TI Removal of ammonia toxicity in marine sediment TIEs: a comparison of Ulva lactuca, zeolite and aeration methods SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ammonia; Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE); Ulva lactuca addition; zeolite addition; interstitial water; bioavailability ID IDENTIFICATION; WATER; TESTS; AMPHIPOD; TOXICANT; PH AB Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s), including ammonia, causing toxicity observed in marine sediments. Two primary TIE manipulations are available for characterizing and identifying ammonia in marine sediments: Ulva lactuca addition and zeolite addition. In this study, we compared the efficacy of these methods to (1) remove NHx and NH3 from overlying and interstitial waters and (2) reduce toxicity to the amphipod Ampelisca abdita and mysid Americamysis bahia using both spiked and environmentally contaminated sediments. The utility of aeration for removing NHx and NH3 during a marine sediment TIE was also evaluated preliminarily. In general, the U. lactuca and zeolite addition methods performed similarly well at removing spiked NHx and NH3 from overlying and interstitial waters compared to an unmanipulated sediment. Toxicity to the amphipod was reduced approximately the same by both methods. However, toxicity to the mysid was most effectively reduced by the U. lactuca addition indicating this method functions best with epibenthic species exposed to ammonia in the water column. Aeration removed NHx and NH3 from seawater when the pH was adjusted to 10; however, very little ammonia was removed at ambient pHs (similar to8.0). This comparison demonstrates both U lactuca and zeolite addition methods are effective TIE tools for reducing the concentrations and toxicity of ammonia in whole sediment toxicity tests. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 46 IS 5 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00038-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683GA UT WOS:000183139000021 PM 12735958 ER PT J AU Connor, WP Burge, HL Yearsley, JR Bjornn, TC AF Connor, WP Burge, HL Yearsley, JR Bjornn, TC TI Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LOWER GRANITE DAM; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; LIFE-HISTORY AB Summer flow augmentation to increase the survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is implemented annually to mitigate for the development of the hydropower system in the Snake River basin, but the efficacy of this practice has been disputed. We studied some of the factors affecting survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon from capture, tagging, and release in the free-flowing Snake River to the tailrace of the first dam encountered by smolts en route to the sea. We then assessed the effects of summer flow augmentation on survival to the tailrace of this dam. We tagged and released 5,030 wild juvenile fall chinook salmon in the free-flowing Snake River from 1998 to 2000. We separated these tagged fish into four sequential within-year release groups termed cohorts (N = 12). Survival probability estimates (mean +/- SE) to the tailrace of the dam for the 12 cohorts when summer flow augmentation was implemented ranged from 36% +/- 4% to 88% +/- 5%. We fit an ordinary least-squares multiple regression model from indices of flow and temperature that explained 92% (N = 12; P < 0.0001) of the observed variability in cohort survival. Survival generally increased with increasing flow and decreased with increasing temperature. We used the regression model to predict cohort survival for flow and temperature conditions observed when summer flow augmentation was implemented and for approximated flow and temperature conditions had the summer flow augmentation not been implemented. Survival of all cohorts was predicted to be higher when flow was augmented than when flow was not augmented because summer flow augmentation increased the flow levels and decreased the temperatures fish were exposed to as they moved seaward. We conclude that summer flow augmentation increases the survival of young fall chinook salmon. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Connor, WP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 18, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 362 EP 375 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 686UG UT WOS:000183338900002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, L Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR Gregory, SV Hughes, RM AF Reynolds, L Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR Gregory, SV Hughes, RM TI Electrofishing effort requirements for assessing species richness and biotic integrity in western Oregon streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE; PERSISTENCE AB We examined the sampling effort required in wadeable western Oregon streams at base flow to estimate fish species richness, percent abundance, and biotic integrity when employing three persons and one backpack electrofisher. Reaches were oversampled longitudinally and data were recorded separately for each habitat unit, allowing us to treat each habitat unit separately during data analyses. The median values of species richness from Monte Carlo simulations of the data indicated that a stream reach 40 times its mean wetted width was adequate to estimate 90% of species richness (i.e., all common species) in western Oregon fish assemblages. A reach length of 40 wetted channel widths was also adequate to precisely score an index of biotic integrity developed for western Oregon. However, where 40 channel widths are less than 150 m, we recommend a minimum distance of 150 m to ensure that sufficient numbers of individuals are captured, rare habitats are encountered, and riparian conditions do not fully determine channel morphology. In addition, at four sites we compared a rapid (4-h), one-pass sampling protocol of reaches 40 channel widths in length with an intensive, three-pass electrofishing protocol lasting more than 10 h. The rapid protocol occasionally underestimated species richness by missing vagile, cryptic, or rare species, but it usually estimated species richness, percent abundance, and the IBI as well as the intensive protocol. The rapid protocol and quantitative fish population estimates tracked the same trends in population size at one site for 5 years. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kaufmann, PR (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 36 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 450 EP 461 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0450:EERFAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 686UG UT WOS:000183338900010 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Carlsen, L Jaworska, J AF Walker, JD Carlsen, L Jaworska, J TI Improving opportunities for regulatory acceptance of QSARs: The importance of model domain, uncertainty, validity and predictability SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE QSARs; regulatory acceptance; domain; uncertainty; predictability ID ENVIRONMENTALLY OCCURRING CHEMICALS; INTERAGENCY-TESTING-COMMITTEE; DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; AQUATIC TOXICITY; STRATEGIES; DESIGN; SUBSTANCES; ALIPHATICS; SELECTION; CREATION AB For Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships.(QSARs) to be accepted by the regulated and regulatory communities, their scope for use needs to be agreed upon by government and industry. This paper discusses the importance of model domain, uncertainty, validity and predictability assessment in promoting the regulatory acceptance of QSARs. C1 Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Technol & Social Studies, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Procter & Gamble, Eurocor, B-1853 Strombeek Bever, Belgium. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Carlsen, Lars/D-9058-2012 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390024 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VW UT WOS:000184648000004 ER PT J AU Hulzebos, EM Maslankiewicz, L Walker, JD AF Hulzebos, EM Maslankiewicz, L Walker, JD TI Verification of literature-derived SARs for skin irritation and corrosion SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE skin irritation; skin corrosion; SARs ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; ESTERS; ECOTOXICITY; VALIDATION; SELECTION; IRRITANCY; ANALOGS; MODEL; QSARS AB Structural features known to irritate and corrode skin and physical properties associated with skin absorption were used to evaluate the irritation and corrosion potential of chemicals. Chemicals that irritate and corrode skin include organic acids and bases, aldehydes, halogenated esters, and chemicals with reactive groups. The activity of the reactive group decreases when sterically hindered by adjacent substituents or when electrons of the reactive group interfere with electrons of adjacent substituents. The structural features presented are a good basis for the calculation of SAR prediction rules. Also quantitative and qualitative physical conditions are given to predict skin irritation and skin corrosion. C1 Ctr Substances & Risk, Bilthoven, RIVM, Netherlands. US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, Environm Protect Agency, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hulzebos, EM (reprint author), Ctr Substances & Risk, Bilthoven, RIVM, Netherlands. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390025 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VW UT WOS:000184648000005 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Dimitrov, S Mekenyan, O AF Walker, JD Dimitrov, S Mekenyan, O TI Using HPV chemical data to develop QSARs for non-HPV chemicals: Opportunities to promote more efficient use of chemical testing resources SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE QSARs; HPV; saving chemical testing resources ID CLASSIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; COMMITTEE; SYSTEM; SMILES; FATE AB There are opportunities to use data developed for High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals to save chemical testing resources for non-HPV chemicals. First, data being developed for HPV chemicals could reduce chemical testing resources for non-HPV chemicals, if the data can be used to develop and validate Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) that can be used to make predictions for non-HPV chemicals. Second, strategies need to be developed to identify chemicals for which QSARs may not make reliable predictions and appropriate tests need to be conducted so that these and related chemicals can be included in more robust QSAR predictions. This paper illustrates the chemical testing resources that could be saved by using QSAR predictions and discusses guidelines and issues that need to be addressed before using data from HPV chemicals to develop QSARs for non-HPV chemicals. C1 US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390028 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VW UT WOS:000184648000008 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, SA Dodson, SI Hamilton, D Peterson, SA Wetzel, RG AF Ostroumov, SA Dodson, SI Hamilton, D Peterson, SA Wetzel, RG TI Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies SO RIVISTA DI BIOLOGIA-BIOLOGY FORUM LA English DT Article DE ecology; environmental sciences; priorities; fundamental problems; topics for grants; scientific policy AB Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding. C1 Moscow State Univ, Dept Hydrobiol, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Waikato, Dept Biol Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. US EPA, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ostroumov, SA (reprint author), Moscow State Univ, Dept Hydrobiol, Moscow 119899, Russia. OI Ostroumov, Sergei/0000-0002-5593-5044 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TILGHER-GENOVA S A S PI GENOA PA VIA ASSAROTTI 31/15, 16122 GENOA, ITALY SN 0035-6050 J9 RIV BIOL-BIOL FORUM JI Riv. Biol.-Biol. Forum PD MAY-AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 736UN UT WOS:000186191700010 PM 14595906 ER PT J AU Grange, AH Sovocool, GW AF Grange, AH Sovocool, GW TI Identification of unanticipated compounds by high-resolution mass spectrometry SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; IONS AB Often, mass spectra of compounds found in water supplies are not found in mass spectral libraries. Ion composition elucidation (ICE) provides the elemental compositions of the ions observed in their mass spectra. This information is used to identify the compounds. C1 US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP 12 EP + PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 677ZR UT WOS:000182840300001 ER PT J AU Wershaw, RL Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE Garbarino, JR Ferrer, I Kennedy, KR Momplaisir, GM Grange, A AF Wershaw, RL Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE Garbarino, JR Ferrer, I Kennedy, KR Momplaisir, GM Grange, A TI Mass spectrometric identification of an azobenzene derivative produced by smectite-catalyzed conversion of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; azobenzene derivative; 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; OXIDATION; ANILINE; HECTORITE; SOIL; MONTMORILLONITE; ADSORPTION; BENZIDINE; CLAYS; IRON AB The compound 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (3-amino-HPAA) reacts with smectite to form a soluble azobenzene arsonic acid compound. This reaction is of particular interest because it provides a possible mechanism for the formation of a new type of arsenic compound in natural water systems. 3-Amino-HPAA is a degradation product excreted by chickens that are fed rations amended with roxarsone. Roxarsone is used to control coccidial intestinal parasites in most of the broiler chickens grown in the United States. The structure of the azobenzene arsonic acid compound was first inferred from negative-ion and positive-ion low-resolution mass-spectrometric analyses of the supernatant of the smectite suspension. Elemental composition of the parent ion determined by high-resolution positive-ion mass spectrometric measurements was consistent with the proposed structure of the azobenzene arsonic acid compound. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wershaw, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rwershaw@usgs.gov RI Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1219 EP 1226 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00032-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 675YU UT WOS:000182725800014 PM 18969012 ER PT J AU McDorman, KS Hooth, MJ Starr, TB Wolf, DC AF McDorman, KS Hooth, MJ Starr, TB Wolf, DC TI Analysis of preneoplastic and neoplastic renal lesions in Tsc2 mutant Long-Evans (Eker) rats following exposure to a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; drinking water; DBP; risk assessment; mixtures; Eker rat ID 25 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS; POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; OSBORNE-MENDEL RATS; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; CHEMICAL-MIXTURE; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2<5H>-FURANONE MX; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; MUTATION SPECTRA; CELL CARCINOMA AB Disinfection of surface water for human consumption results in the generation of a complex mixture of chemicals in potable water. Cancer risk assessment methodology assumes additivity of carcinogenic effects in the regulation of mixtures. A rodent model of hereditary renal cancer was used to investigate the carcinogenic response to a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). Rats carrying a mutation in the Tsc2 tumor suppressor gene (Eker rats) readily develop renal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, and are highly susceptible to the effects of renal carcinogens. Male and female Eker rats were exposed via drinking water to individual or a mixture of DBPs for 4 or 10 months. Potassium bromate, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), chloroform, and bromodichloromethane were administered at low concentrations of 0.02, 0.005, 0.4 and 0.07 g/l, respectively, and high concentrations of 0.4, 0.07, 1.8 and 0.7 g/l, respectively. Low and high dose mixture solutions were comprised of all four chemicals at either low concentrations or high concentrations, respectively, Following necropsy, each kidney was examined microscopically for preneoplastic lesions (atypical tubules and hyperplasias) and tumors. While some of the mixture responses observed in male rats did fall within the,range expected for an additive response, especially at the high dose, predominantly antagonistic effects on renal lesions were observed in response to the low dose mixture in male rats and the high dose mixture in female rats. These data suggest that current default risk assessments assuming additivity may overstate the cancer risk associated with exposure to mixtures of DBPs at low concentrations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. TBS Associates, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07126] NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00004-0 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 671YY UT WOS:000182494300001 PM 12679048 ER PT J AU Hester, SD Benavides, GB Yoon, L Morgan, KT Zou, F Barry, W Wolf, DC AF Hester, SD Benavides, GB Yoon, L Morgan, KT Zou, F Barry, W Wolf, DC TI Formaldehyde-induced gene expression in F344 rat nasal respiratory epithelium SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; F344 rat; cDNA array; nasal epithelium; rodent nasal cancer; formaldehyde ID PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; SENSORY IRRITATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; PROLIFERATION; TOXICITY; TUMOR; CELLS AB Formaldehyde (FA), an occupational and environmental toxicant used extensively in the manufacturing of many household and personal use products, is known to induce squamous cell carcinomas in the nasal turbinates of rats and mice and squamous metaplasia in monkey noses. Tissue responses to FA include a dose dependent epithelial degeneration, respiratory cell hypertrophy, and squamous metaplasia. The primary target for FA-induced toxicity in both rodents and monkeys is the respiratory nasal epithelium. FA increases nasal epithelial cell proliferation and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPX) that are associated with subsequent nasal cancer development. To address the acute effects of FA exposure that might contribute to known pathological changes, cDNA gene expression analysis was used. Two groups of male F344 rats received either 40 ul of distilled water or FA (400 mM) instilled into each nostril. Twenty-four hours following treatment, nasal epithelium was recovered from which total RNA was used to generate cDNA probes. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) hybridization data using Clontech(TM) Rat Atlas 1.2 arrays revealed that 24 of the 1185 genes queried were significantly up-regulated and 22 genes were significantly downregulated. Results for ten of the differentially expressed genes were confirmed by quantitative real time RT PCR. The identified genes with FA-induced change in expression belong to the functional gene categories xenobiotic metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair. These data suggest that multiple pathways are dysregulated by FA exposure, including those involved in DNA synthesis/repair and regulation of cell proliferation. Differential gene expression profiles may provide clues that could be used to define mechanisms involved in FA-induced nasal cancer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hester, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00008-8 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 671YY UT WOS:000182494300002 PM 12679049 ER PT J AU Hart, JC Baker, B Michaelraj, J AF Hart, JC Baker, B Michaelraj, J TI Structural simulation of tree growth and response SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article DE natural phenomena; trees; L-systems; statics AB Each tree is unique because of the physical environment it experiences over the course of its life. Environmental factors shape a tree within the bounds of its genotype. Only by modeling the environmental influences can we create realistic models of trees. To this end, we constructed a structural simulation that calculates the mass of each branch of the tree to emulate the mechanisms the tree uses to balance its weight, and that estimates the photosynthesis return of the leaves to simulate phototropism. Our effort is motivated by a desire to construct a predictive tool that can be used by both those in computer graphics and forest management, with applications in image synthesis, dendrochronology, mensuration and the simulation of forest succession. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US EPA, Ogden Profess Serv, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Alias Wavefront, Toronto, ON M5A 1J7, Canada. RP Hart, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2789 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s00371-002-0189-4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 691AU UT WOS:000183583300008 ER PT J AU Lassiter, TL Marshall, RS Jackson, LC Hunter, DL Vu, JT Padilla, S AF Lassiter, TL Marshall, RS Jackson, LC Hunter, DL Vu, JT Padilla, S TI Automated measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity in rat peripheral tissues SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; rat; peripheral tissues; automated analysis; homogenization; solubilization; Iso-OMPA; Ellman ID CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; TREATED ANIMALS; MOLECULAR-FORMS; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; BRAIN; MOUSE; SOLUBILIZATION; MEMBRANES; CARBAMATE AB The accepted mechanism of toxicity of many organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. In mammals, part of the toxicity assessment usually includes monitoring blood and/or brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Other tissues, however, contain cholinesterase activity (i.e. acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase), and the inhibition of that activity may be informative for a full appraisal of the toxicity profile. The present group of studies first optimized the variables for extraction and solubilization of cholinesterase activity from various rat tissues and then refined an existing automated method, in order to differentially assess acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase activity in those tissues. All these studies were conducted using tissues from untreated, Long-Evans, adult rats. The first studies determined the effect of Triton X-100 or salt (NaCl) on the extraction and solubilization of cholinesterase activity from retina, brain, striated muscle, diaphragm, and heart: phosphate buffer plus detergent (1% Triton X-100) yielded the highest activity for most tissues. For striated muscle, however, slightly more activity was extracted if the phosphate buffer contained both 1% Triton X-100 and 0.5 M NaCl. It was also noted that the degree of homogenization of some tissues (e.g. striated muscle) must be increased for maximal solubilization of all cholinesterase activity. Subsequent studies developed a method for assessing the level of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and total cholinesterase activity in these tissues using an automated analyzer. In conclusion, automated assay of acetylcholinesterase activity in cholinergically innervated tissues in the rat (other than brain) is achievable and relatively convenient. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Mail Drop B-105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07126] NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 186 IS 3 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00752-7 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 666WC UT WOS:000182198600006 PM 12628316 ER PT J AU Osemwengie, LI Steinberg, S AF Osemwengie, LI Steinberg, S TI Closed-loop stripping analysis of synthetic musk compounds from fish tissues with measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE sample preparation; extraction methods; closed-loop stripping analysis; fish; environmental analysis; musk compounds ID HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FRESH-WATER FISH; TRACE ANALYSIS; TAMA RIVER; XYLENE; FRAGRANCES; IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; EXTRACTION; HEADSPACE AB Synthetic musk compounds have been found in surface water, fish tissues, and human breast milk. Current techniques for separating these compounds from fish tissues require tedious sample clean-up procedures. A simple method for the determination of synthetic musk compounds in fish tissues has been developed. Closed-loop stripping of saponified fish tissues in a 1-1 Wheaton purge-and-trap vessel is used to strip compounds with high vapor pressures such as synthetic musks from the matrix onto a solid sorbent (Abselut Nexus). This technique is useful for screening biological tissues that contain lipids for musk compounds. Analytes are desorbed from the sorbent trap sequentially with polar and nonpolar solvents, concentrated, and directly analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer operating in the selected ion monitoring mode. In this paper, we analyzed two homogenized samples of whole fish tissues with spiked synthetic musk compounds using closed-loop stripping analysis and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The analytes were not recovered quantitatively but the extraction yield was sufficiently reproducible for at least semi-quantitative purposes (screening). The method was less expensive to implement and required significantly less sample preparation than the PLE technique. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Osemwengie, LI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 993 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00034-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 666JR UT WOS:000182174600001 PM 12735433 ER PT J AU Selevan, SG Rice, DC Hogan, KA Euling, SY Pfahles-Hutchens, A Bethel, J AF Selevan, SG Rice, DC Hogan, KA Euling, SY Pfahles-Hutchens, A Bethel, J TI Blood lead concentration and delayed puberty in girls SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; POSTMENARCHEAL PERIOD; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; GROWTH; EXPOSURE; RAT; MATURATION; MENARCHE AB BACKGROUND: Environmental lead exposure has been linked to alterations in growth and endocrine function. It is not known whether such exposure affects pubertal development. METHODS: We analyzed the relations between blood lead concentration and pubertal development among girls (defined as females 8 to 18 years of age) who were enrolled in a cross-sectional study (the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in which race was self-reported or proxy-reported: 600 were non-Hispanic white, 805 were non-Hispanic African-American, and 781 were Mexican-American girls. Puberty was measured on the basis of the age at menarche and Tanner stage for pubic-hair and breast development. RESULTS: Geometric mean lead concentrations were less than 3 microg per deciliter (0.144 micromol per liter) in all three groups. As compared with concentrations of 1 microg per deciliter (0.048 micromol per liter), lead concentrations of 3 microg per deciliter were associated with decreased height (P<0.001), after adjustment for age, race, and other factors, but not with body-mass index or weight. Blood lead concentrations of 3 microg per deciliter were associated with significant delays in breast and pubic-hair development in African-American and Mexican-American girls. The delays were most marked among African-American girls; in this group, the delays in reaching Tanner stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 associated with a lead concentration of 3 microg per deciliter as compared with 1 microg per deciliter were 3.8, 5.3, 5.8, and 2.1 months, respectively, for breast development and 4.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 2.2 months, respectively, for pubic-hair development; the associated delay in age at menarche was 3.6 months. In white girls, there were nonsignificant delays in all pubertal measures in association with a lead concentration of 3 microg per deciliter. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that environmental exposure to lead may delay growth and pubertal development in girls, although confirmation is warranted in prospective studies. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Selevan, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 38 TC 138 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 14 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 16 BP 1527 EP 1536 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa020880 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 667TT UT WOS:000182248900003 PM 12700372 ER PT J AU Rockett, JC AF Rockett, JC TI To confirm or not to confirm (microarray data) - that is the question SO DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environ Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rockett, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environ Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-6446 J9 DRUG DISCOV TODAY JI Drug Discov. Today PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 8 IS 8 BP 343 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02653-9 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 668EN UT WOS:000182277500011 PM 12681935 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Chameides, W Weber, R Middlebrook, A Kiang, CS Russell, AG Butler, A Turpin, B Mikel, D Scheffe, R Cowling, E Edgerton, E St John, J Jansen, J McMurry, P Hering, S Bahadori, T AF Solomon, PA Chameides, W Weber, R Middlebrook, A Kiang, CS Russell, AG Butler, A Turpin, B Mikel, D Scheffe, R Cowling, E Edgerton, E St John, J Jansen, J McMurry, P Hering, S Bahadori, T TI Overview of the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Project SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Atlanta Supersite Project; overview; methods comparison; chemical characteristics; continuous speciation methods; particle mass spectrometers ID CONTINUOUS AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT; GUIDE-BASED FLUOROMETRY; PM2.5 MASS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DIFFUSION SCRUBBER; AEROSOL; NITRATE; SYSTEM AB [1] This paper presents an overview of the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Project coordinated through the Southern Oxidants Study and Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) and funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) along with other sponsors who provided in-kind support primarily through existing studies. The Atlanta Supersite Project was located at the existing Southeastern Aerosol Research Characterization Study (SEARCH)/Aerosol Research Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES) site on Jefferson Street in NW Atlanta, Georgia. The primary objective of the Atlanta Supersite Project was to evaluate and compare advanced measurement methods for particulate matter mass and its components. Methods included filter- and denuder-based time-integrated or discrete samplers, a variety of semicontinuous methods measuring mass, its major components (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, trace elements) and gas-phase precursors, and for the first time ever, a comparison among particle mass spectrometers; four in total. These data were complemented by meteorological data as well as gas-phase criteria pollutant measurements and other supplemental data such as particle physical properties, volatile organic compounds (VOC), oxygenated VOC, and NOy. The primary and supplemental data also were used to better understand the formation and accumulation of particulate matter in Atlanta and to better understand source-receptor relationships. This paper overviews the study, summarizing objectives, the site and measurements, and the relative reference data used for comparisons, and it overviews the meteorological and chemical characteristics of pollution in Atlanta during the study, puts the study in context of Atlanta and the southeast United States, and finally summarizes the key findings from the over 30 publications published, submitted, or in preparation. This paper also provides as complete a list as is currently available of those publications. Others certainly will be emerging over time. The comprehensive database is available through the Atlanta Supersite Project Web site sponsored by GIT (http://www-wlc.eas.gatech.edu/supersite/). C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, So Oxidants Study, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. So Co Serv Inc, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Amer Chem Council, Long Range Res Initiat Team, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 E HArmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Solomon.paul@epa.gov; wcham@eas.gatech.edu; amiddlebrook@al.noaa.gov; chia.kiang@eas.gatech.edu; ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu; butler_aj@mercer.edu; turpin@aesop.rutgers.edu; mikel.dennisk@epa.gov; scheffe.rich@epa.gov; ellis_cowling@ncsu.edu; ericedge@gte.net; stjohn@eas.gatech.edu; JJJansen@southernco.com; mcmurry@me.umn.edu; susanne@aerosaldynamics.com; Tina_Bahadori@americanchemistry.com RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131 NR 67 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8413 DI 10.1029/2001JD001458 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677ZJ UT WOS:000182839600004 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Cowling, EB Weber, R AF Solomon, PA Cowling, EB Weber, R TI Preface to special section: Southern Oxidants Study 1999 Atlanta Supersite Project (SOS3) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Atlanta Supersite Project; PM Supersite Project; methods evaluation; continuous PM methods; integrated PM methods; chemical composition C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. N Carolina State Univ, So Oxidants Study, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89118 USA. EM Solomon.Paul@epamail.epa.gov; ellis_cowling@ncsu.edu; rweber@eas.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8428 DI 10.1029/2003JD003536 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677ZJ UT WOS:000182839600014 ER PT J AU Wright, H AF Wright, H TI Metro stop Dostoevsky: Travels in Russian time. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, AWBERC Lib, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wright, H (reprint author), US EPA, AWBERC Lib, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 128 IS 7 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 672MA UT WOS:000182523400058 ER PT J AU Meacham, CA White, LD Barone, S Shafer, TJ AF Meacham, CA White, LD Barone, S Shafer, TJ TI Ontogeny of voltage-sensitive calcium channel alpha(1A) and alpha(1E) subunit expression and synaptic function in rat central nervous system SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuroscience CY OCT 23-28, 1999 CL MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA SP Soc Neurosci DE immumohistochemistry; Ca2+ influx; calcium channel development; neocortex; hippocampus; cerebellum ID CEREBRAL CORTICAL SYNAPTOSOMES; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PC12 CELLS; NEURONAL GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSMITTER RELEASE; CA2+ CHANNEL; P-TYPE; N-TYPE; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES AB Immunohistochemical expression in the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of the alpha(1A) or alpha(1E) subunit of the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel was examined in Long-Evans hooded rats on gestational day 18 and postnatal days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 90, 360 and 720. On gestational day 18 and postnatal day 1, alpha(1A) immunoreactivity was more dense in the neocortex and hippocampus than the cerebellum. By postnatal day 7, levels of alpha(1A) immunoreactivity increased dramatically in the cerebellum, while in neocortex, alpha(1A) immunoreactivity became more sparse, which approached the more diffuse pattern of cellular staining in the mature brain. Expression of alpha(1E) in the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum was much less dense than alpha(1A) between gestational day 18 and postnatal day 4. There was also significant alpha(1E) immunoreactivity in the mossy fibers of the hippocampus and in dendrites of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Depolarization-dependent Ca-45(2+) influx was examined in rat brain synaptosomes on postnatal days 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and >60. In neocortical and hippocampal synaptosomes, Ca-45(2+) influx increased steadily with age and reached adult levels by postnatal day 10. In cerebellar synaptosomes, Ca-45(2+) influx was constant across all ages, except for a spike in activity which was observed on postnatal day 21. In neocortical and hippocampal synaptosomes, 100 nM omega-conotoxin MVIIC significantly inhibited Ca-45(2+) influx on postnatal day 10 and 14, respectively, or after. In cerebellar synaptosomes, influx was inhibited by omega-conotoxin MVIIC only on postnatal day 10 or prior. On postnatal day 7, Ca-45(2+) influx was not inhibited in neocortical and hippocampal synaptosomes by a combination of 10 muM nifedipine, 1 muM omega-conotoxin GVIA and 1 muM omega-conotoxin MVIIC, suggesting that an 'insensitive' flux predominates at this age. Overall, the results suggest that expression of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels during development is dynamic and is important in central nervous system development. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-BIO5-5, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 88 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1 BP 47 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(03)00031-2 PG 19 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 673GC UT WOS:000182571100006 ER PT J AU Kirchgessner, DA Masemore, SS Chatterton, WA Richards, RG AF Kirchgessner, DA Masemore, SS Chatterton, WA Richards, RG TI Vapor-recovery unit passes South Texas field test SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. So Res Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kirchgessner, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 15 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 668UN UT WOS:000182311700015 ER PT J AU Costa, DL Kodavanti, UP AF Costa, DL Kodavanti, UP TI Toxic responses of the lung to inhaled pollutants: benefits and limitations of lung-disease models SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY SEP 15-18, 2002 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP European Soc Toxicol DE air pollution; health effects; cardiopulmonary impairments; animal models ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-FAILURE; RAT MODEL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ANIMAL-MODELS; MICE AB The widely accepted notion that certain individuals are more susceptible to air pollutants than others has been revitalized by recent epidemiology that strongly suggests that the elderly, particularly those with underlying cardiopulmonary diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infection), and children with asthma are more susceptible to the adverse outcomes associated with ambient particulate matter (PM). Pulmonary toxicologists have adopted 'susceptibility' as an issue that can be approached experimentally and have begun to develop as well as study more relevant animal models. These models may have specific genetic traits or cardiopulmonary impairments analogous to human diseases. The goal is to identify potential susceptibility characteristics and elucidate whether responsiveness is due to impair compensation or some unique mechanisms. Several rodent models have been used with PM: pulmonary vasculitis, bronchitis, COPD, allergic asthma, infectious lung diseases, systemic hypertension, and congestive heart disease. Transgenic and knockout mice are of growing interest but have seen limited use in air pollutants studies, with primary interest being directed to specific mechanistic questions. No model should be used without careful consideration of its strengths and limitations. However, when interpreted in the context of field and epidemiology findings, they may reveal generic susceptibility attributes or useful biomarkers. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Costa, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 82, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM costa.dan@epa.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 140 SI SI BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00515-5 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 668RX UT WOS:000182307900023 PM 12676466 ER PT J AU Granville, CA Hanley, NM Mumford, JL DeMarini, DM AF Granville, CA Hanley, NM Mumford, JL DeMarini, DM TI Mutation spectra of smoky coal combustion emissions in Salmonella reflect the TP53 and KRAS mutations in lung tumors from smoky coal-exposed individuals SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE smoky coal; Salmonella; complex mixtures; mutation spectra; PAHs ID OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; XUAN-WEI; INDOOR COAL; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; CANCER MORTALITY; HISD3052 ALLELE; DNA-REPAIR; TYPHIMURIUM; CHINA AB Nonsmoking women in Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, China who use smoky coal for cooking and heating in poorly ventilated homes have the highest lung cancer mortality rate in China, and their lung cancer is linked epidemiologically to their use of smoky coal. The emissions contain 81 % organic matter, of which 43% is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exposure assessment and molecular analysis of the lung tumors from nonsmoking women who use smoky coal strongly indicate that PAHs in the emissions are a primary cause of the elevated lung cancer in this population. Here we have determined the mutation spectra of an extract of smoky coal emissions in Salmonella TA98 and TA100; the extract was not mutagenic in TA104. The extract was 8.7 x more mutagenic in TA100 with S9 than without (8.7 rev/mug versus 1.0 rev/mug) and was >3 x more mutagenic in TA100 than in TA98-consistent with a prominent role for PAHs in the mutagenicity of the extract because PAHs are generally more mutagenic in the base-substitution strain TA100 than in the frameshift strain TA98. The extract induced only a hotspot mutation in TA98; another combustion emission, cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), also induces this single class of mutation. In TA100, the mutation spectra of the extract were not significantly different in the presence or absence of S9 and were primarily (78-86%) GC --> TA transversions. This mutation is induced to a similar extent by CSC (78%) and the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (77%). The frequency of GC --> TA transversions induced in Salmonella by the extract (78-86%) is similar to the frequency of this mutation in the TP53 (76%) and KRAS (86%) genes of lung tumors from nonsmoking women exposed to smoky coal emissions. The mutation spectra of the extract reflect the presence of PAHs in the mixture and support a role for PAHs in the induction of the mutations and tumors due to exposure to smoky coal emissions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD APR 9 PY 2003 VL 525 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00314-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 663JZ UT WOS:000182003600008 PM 12650907 ER PT J AU Schober, SE Sinks, TH Jones, RL Bolger, PM McDowell, M Osterloh, J Garrett, ES Canady, RA Dillon, CF Sun, Y Joseph, CB Mahaffey, KR AF Schober, SE Sinks, TH Jones, RL Bolger, PM McDowell, M Osterloh, J Garrett, ES Canady, RA Dillon, CF Sun, Y Joseph, CB Mahaffey, KR TI Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; DISEASE; HAIR AB Context Humans are exposed to methylmercury, a well-established neurotoxin, through fish consumption. The fetus is most sensitive to the adverse effects of, exposure. The extent of exposure to methylmercury in US women of reproductive age is not known. Objective To describe the distribution of blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age and the association with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption. Design and Setting The 1999-2000 data from, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. Participants In 1999-2000,1250 children aged 1 to 5 years and 2314 women aged 16 to 49 years were selected to participate in the survey. Household interviews, physical examinations, and blood mercury levels assessments were performed on 705 children (56% response rate) and 1709 women (74% response rate). Main Outcome Measure Blood concentration of total mercury. Results Blood mercury levels were approximately 3-fold higher in women compared with children. The geometric mean concentration of total blood mercury was 0.34 mug/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.39 mug/L) in children and 1.02 mug/L (95% Cl, 0.85-1.20 mug/L) in women. Geometric mean mercury levels were almost 4-fold higher among women who ate 3 or more servings of fish in the past 30 days compared with women who ate no fish in that period (1.94 mug/L vs 0.51 mug/L; P<.001). Conclusions Measures of mercury exposure in women of childbearing age and young children generally fall below levels of concern. However, approximately 8% of women had concentrations higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended reference dose (5.8 μg/L), below which exposures are considered to be without adverse effects. Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pascagoula, MS USA. Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schober, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4210, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sschober@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 179 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 13 BP 1667 EP 1674 DI 10.1001/jama.289.13.1667 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662JX UT WOS:000181944500030 PM 12672735 ER PT J AU Heist, DK Eisner, AD Mitchell, W Wiener, R AF Heist, DK Eisner, AD Mitchell, W Wiener, R TI Airflow around a child-size manikin in a low-speed wind environment SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR; PARTICLES; HEALTH; FLOW AB This work provides an understanding of how airflow patterns around humans can affect the concentrations and particle size distributions of particulate matter (PM) in the breathing zone. The focus of the experiments reported here is the flow around a child-size manikin under various conditions, including changes in body heat, breathing, wind speed, and body orientation relative to the wind direction. The airflow patterns that develop were investigated using laser Doppler anemometry. The presence of body heat changes the flow pattern most dramatically. With the manikin at room temperature, the flow pattern on the downstream side of the manikin consists of two slowly recirculating eddies. With the addition of body heat to the manikin, the flow pattern downstream of the manikin changes to a rising vertical plume with velocities on the order of 0.1 m/s. This vertical plume is capable of transporting PM into the breathing zone from near the floor. Increased wind speed decreases the relative importance of buoyancy. As the wind speed increases from 0.1 to 0.3 m/s, the vertical plume on the downstream side of the manikin is replaced by two recirculating eddies, a flow pattern similar to that with the unheated manikin. Changes in the relative importance of body heat and free-stream wind speed are quantified using a type of Richardson number. C1 ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Heist, DK (reprint author), ManTech Environm Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1080/02786820390125160 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641CG UT WOS:000180726400001 ER PT J AU Singh, P Daniels, M Winsett, DW Richards, J Doerfler, D Hatch, G Adler, KB Gilmour, MI AF Singh, P Daniels, M Winsett, DW Richards, J Doerfler, D Hatch, G Adler, KB Gilmour, MI TI Phenotypic comparison of allergic airway responses to house dust mite in three rat strains SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic variability; atopy; asthma ID BROWN-NORWAY RATS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; GUINEA-PIGS; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; ANTIGEN; INFLAMMATION; LUNG; SENSITIZATION; RESISTANT; PARTICLES AB Brown Norway (BN) rats develop a robust response to antigens in the lung, characterized by a large increase in allergen-specific immune function and pulmonary eosinophilia. The objective of this study was to investigate alternative models by determining whether other rat strains could be sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) antigen and whether the allergic disease process could be worsened with repeated allergen exposure. In general, BN rats sensitized by either subcutaneous or intratracheal routes exhibited increased pulmonary allergy compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Lewis (L) rats. Multiple intratracheal allergen exposures incrementally increased HDM-specific immune function in BN rats but progressively decreased eosinophil recruitment and markers of lung injury. SD rats had more moderate responses, whereas L rats were relatively unresponsive. Because BN rats developed stronger clinical hallmarks of allergic asthma under various immunization regimes compared with SD and L rats, we conclude that the BN is the most appropriate strain for studying allergic asthma-like responses in rats. Phenotypic differences in response to HDM were associated with differences in the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and antioxidant capacity. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-92, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 284 IS 4 BP L588 EP L598 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00287.2002 PG 11 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 651FH UT WOS:000181309500005 PM 12618421 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Ryan, DK Pennell, S AF Hays, MD Ryan, DK Pennell, S TI Multi-wavelength fluorescence-quenching model for determination of Cu2+ conditional stability constants and ligand concentrations of fulvic acid SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE fulvic acids; Cu(II); fluorescence quenching; conditional stability constants; multi-wavelength model ID ORGANIC-MATTER; COMPLEXING CAPACITIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPECTRA; SOIL; COMPLEXATION; COPPER(II); WATER; SPECTROMETRY; SPECIATION AB In this work, a multi-wavelength model (MWM) is developed. It uses fluorescence bands in the fulvic acid (FA) spectrum that quench upon binding of inorganic Cull to FA. Quenching data at pH values of 5, 6, and 7 are placed in sets, containing fluorescence measures at select wavelengths versus added copper (C-M). Intensity data of wavelength set 1 are obtained from 25 nm constant offset synchronous fluorescence spectra (SyF), in which are observed distinct peaks (lambda(ex) = 415 nm, lambda(em) = 440 nm; and lambda(ex) = 471 nm, lambda(em) = 496 nm). Wavelength set 2 intensity data are obtained from the FA fluorescence excitation and emission maxima (lambda(ex) = 335 nm, lambda(em) = 450 nm; and lambda(ex) = 471 nm, lambda(em) = 496 nm). Application of MWM shows that the multi-wavelength data sets characterize ligands of different binding strength (log K-x) and concentration (C-Lx). Corresponding to pH values of 5, 6, and 7, mean and standard deviation values for wavelength set 1 are log K-415/440 = 4.66 (0.12), 5.03 (0.12), and 5.05 (0.08), log K-471/496 = 4.93 (0.06), 5.27 (0.11), and 5.39 (0.09), C-415/440 = 3.1 (1.5), 10.9 (4.5), and 7.9 (3.9) muM, C-471/496 = 14.3 (3.0), 1.7 (0.6), and 1.4 (0.5) muM. And for wavelength set 2, log K-335/450 = 4.50 (0.03), 4.96 (0.27), and 5.22 (0.08), log K-471/496 = 5.02 (0.04), 5.42 (0.32), and 5.71 (0.09), C-335/450 = 8.8 (0.5), 21.9 (7.9), and 18.7 (0.3) muM, C-471/496 = 21.0 (2.5), 7.17 (1.2), and 7.09 (0.3) muM. The ability of the 415/440 nm SyF transect to characterize the main excitation and emission maximum of FA at 335/440 run is evaluated. Relatively low concentration values returned by the model for this transect (415/440 nm) suggest that it is not entirely illustrative of the maximum. The model predictive capability is verified at pH 6 with two fluorescing Cu2+ chelating organic compounds, L-tyrosine and salicylic acid. This test confirms that the model is capable of providing good estimates of equilibrium binding parameters from multi-wavelength measurements of a mixed ligand system. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1366/00037020360626005 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 704UF UT WOS:000184358300013 PM 14658643 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS TI Precision of atmospheric dry deposition data from the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (vol 36, pg 5671, 2002) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, ORD, NERI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1561 EP 1561 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00026-8 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661DZ UT WOS:000181877100012 ER PT J AU Aber, JD Goodale, CL Ollinger, SV Smith, ML Magill, AH Martin, ME Hallett, RA Stoddard, JL AF Aber, JD Goodale, CL Ollinger, SV Smith, ML Magill, AH Martin, ME Hallett, RA Stoddard, JL TI Is nitrogen deposition altering the nitrogen status of northeastern forests? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foliar N; nitrification; nitrate; soil C : N ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; LAND-USE HISTORY; NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; CATSKILL-MOUNTAINS; SOIL CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; INSECT DEFOLIATION AB Concern is resurfacing in the United States over the long-term effects of excess nitrogen (N) deposition and mobility in the environment. We present here a new synthesis of existing data sets for the northeastern United States, intended to answer a single question: Is N deposition altering the N status of forest ecosystems in this region? Surface water data suggest a significant increase in nitrate losses with N deposition. Soil data show an increase in nitrification with decreasing ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) but weaker relationships between N deposition and soil C:N ratio or nitrification. Relationships between foliar chemistry and N deposition are no stronger than with gradients of climate and elevation. The differences in patterns for these three groups of indicators are explained by the degree of spatial and temporal integration represented by each sample type. The surface water data integrate more effectively over space than the foliar or soil data and therefore allow a more comprehensive view of N saturation. We conclude from these data that N deposition is altering N status in northeastern forests. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Aber, JD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 90 TC 368 Z9 387 U1 13 U2 113 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0375:INDATN]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 667VD UT WOS:000182254000013 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Haeuber, R Tonnesen, GS Baron, JS Grossman-Clarke, S Hope, D Jaffe, DA Copeland, S Geiser, L Rueth, HM Sickman, JO AF Fenn, ME Haeuber, R Tonnesen, GS Baron, JS Grossman-Clarke, S Hope, D Jaffe, DA Copeland, S Geiser, L Rueth, HM Sickman, JO TI Nitrogen emissions, deposition, and monitoring in the western United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urbanization; animal feeding operations; hotspots; policy implications; regional haze ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC AB Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from I to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year overmuch of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation, agriculture, and industry. Emissions of N as ammonia are about 50% as great as emissions of N as nitrogen oxides. An unknown amount of N deposition to the West Coast originates from Asia. Nitrogen deposition has increased in the West because of rapid increases in urbanization, population, distance driven, and large concentrated animal feeding operations. Studies of ecological effects suggest that emissions reductions are needed to protect sensitive ecosystem components. Deposition rates are unknown for most areas in the West, although reasonable estimates are available for sites in California, the Colorado Front Range, and central Arizona. National monitoring networks provide long-term wet deposition data and, more recently, estimated dry deposition data at remote sites. However, there is little information for many areas near emissions sources. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Cent Arizona Phoenix Long Term Ecol Res Project, Ctr Environm Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Lander, WY 82520 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 61 TC 244 Z9 258 U1 8 U2 71 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 391 EP 403 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0391:NEDAMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 667VD UT WOS:000182254000014 ER PT J AU Tyl, RW Price, CJ Marr, MC Myers, CB van Birgelen, APJM Jahnke, GD AF Tyl, RW Price, CJ Marr, MC Myers, CB van Birgelen, APJM Jahnke, GD TI Developmental toxicity evaluation of sodium thioglycolate administered topically to Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats and New Zealand White rabbits SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; FINAL REPORT; FOOD-INTAKE; MERCAPTOACETATE; 2-MERCAPTOACETATE; HAIRDRESSERS; INHIBITORS; INGESTION; SINGLE; DIETS AB BACKGROUND: Sodium thioglycolate, which has widespread occupational and consumer exposure to women from cosmetics and hair-care products, was evaluated for developmental toxicity by topical exposure during the embryonic and fetal periods of pregnancy METHODS: Timed-mated Sprague-Dawley rats (25/group) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (24/group) were exposed to sodium thioglycolate in vehicle (95% ethanol:distilled water, 1:1) by unoccluded topical application on gestational days (GD) 6-19 (rats) or 6-29 (rabbits) for 6 hr/day, at 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight/day (rats) and 0, 10, 15, 25, or 65 mg/kg/day (rabbits). At termination (GD 20 rats; GD 30 rabbits), fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations and variations. RESULTS: In rats, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate, at 200 mg/kg/day (the highest dose tested) on GD 6-19, resulted in maternal toxicity, including reduced body weights and weight gain, increased relative water consumption and one death. Treatment-related increases in feed consumption and changes at the application site occurred at all doses, in the absence of increased body weights or body weight change. Fetal body weights/litter were decreased at 200 mg/kg/day, with no other embryo/fetal toxicity and no treatment-related teratogenicity in any group. In rabbits, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate on GD 6-29 resulted in maternal dose-related toxicity at the dosing site in all groups; no maternal systemic toxicity embryo/fetal toxicity, or treatment-related teratogenicity were observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS: A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was not identified for maternal toxicity in either species with the dosages tested. The developmental toxicity NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/day (rats) and ! 65 mg/kg/day (rabbits; the highest dose tested). The clinical relevance of theses study results is uncertain because no data were available for levels, frequency, or duration of exposures in female workers or end users. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 RTI Int, Ctr Life Sci & Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Dev & Reprod Toxicol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Tyl, RW (reprint author), RTI Int, Ctr Life Sci & Toxicol, Hermann Lab Bldg,POB 12194,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-65405] NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 BP 144 EP 161 DI 10.1002/bdrb.10001 PG 18 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 734LD UT WOS:000186056600007 PM 12866706 ER PT J AU Mitro, MG AF Mitro, MG TI Demography and viability analyses of a diamondback terrapin population SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRAB POTS; CAPTURE; TURTLES; LONG; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RECAPTURE; MATURITY; MODELS; IMPACT AB The diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, is a long-lived species with special management requirements but quantitative analyses to support management are lacking. I analyzed mark-recapture data and constructed an age-classified matrix population model to determine the status and viability of the only known diamondback terrapin population in Rhode Island. Female diamondback terrapins were captured, marked, and recaptured while nesting during 1990-2001. Population growth rate (lambda) was 1.034 (95% confidence interval=1.012-1.056). For the preceding 5 years, however, abundance had been stable at about 188 breeding females. Adult apparent survival was high but declined slightly by 0.14% per year from 0.959 in 1990 to 0.944 in 2000. Recruitment of breeding females also decreased during the study period; therefore, survival was increasingly a greater component of population growth rate. Juvenile survival was 0.565 at lambda=1.034 and 0.446 at lambda=1. Both retrospective (mark-recapture) and prospective (matrix population model) analyses showed a greater influence of survival versus reproduction on population growth. Population-model projections showed that capping nests to improve reproductive success could increase population growth rate, but the magnitude of increase was positively related to pre-reproductive survival, therefore negating nest capping as a remedy for declining populations or poor survival. Extinction attributable to demographic stochasticity is unlikely. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mitro, MG (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources Fisheries & Habitat, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. EM matthew.mitro@dnr.state.wi.us NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 29 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD APR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 4 BP 716 EP 726 DI 10.1139/Z03-045 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 682PU UT WOS:000183101400015 ER PT J AU Rauscher, GH Sandler, DP Poole, C Pankow, J Shore, D Bloomfield, CD Olshan, AF AF Rauscher, GH Sandler, DP Poole, C Pankow, J Shore, D Bloomfield, CD Olshan, AF TI Is family history of breast cancer a marker of susceptibility to exposures in the incidence of de novo adult acute leukemia? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID PROXY RESPONDENTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ATOMIC-BOMB; RISK; BENZENE AB The risk factors for adult acute leukemia incidence have been difficult to establish. Family history of cancer might interact with environmental exposures to produce associations that are otherwise difficult to detect. In addition to family history of leukemia or other hematopoietic cancers, family history of breast cancer could be a marker of susceptibility, because leukemia and breast cancer are known to cluster in families that have specific germ-line mutations. In a population-based case control study of 779 incident adult acute leukemia patients and 625 controls, we estimated the relative risk for exposed individuals with a family history compared with unexposed individuals without a family history (RR11), along with a measure of interdependence, the interaction contrast ratio. Combined with a family history of breast cancer, ever-smoking [RR11 = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.2-4.8], general solvent exposure (RR11 = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4), aromatic hydrocarbon exposure (RR11, = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.1-14), and diagnostic ionizing radiation exposure (RR11 = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-3.8) were all associated with increased incidence. Furthermore, there was no increased incidence associated with any of these exposures in the absence of a family history of breast cancer and no increased incidence for family history of breast cancer in the absence of exposures. The pattern of relative risks strongly suggested synergy across exposures. Family history of breast cancer might be a marker of susceptibility to a range of leukemia risk factors, whose effects are generally weak or nonexistent when considered alone. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ohio State Univ, Canc & Leukemia Grp B, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rauscher, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 816 SPHPI,MC 923,1603 W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. OI Rauscher, Garth/0000-0003-0374-944X; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018; Pankow, James/0000-0001-7076-483X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09330-20, CA31946, CA57699-06] NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 667WR UT WOS:000182258000001 PM 12692102 ER PT J AU DeFoe, DL Ankley, GT AF DeFoe, DL Ankley, GT TI Evaluation of time-to-effects as a basis for quantifying the toxicity of contaminated sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE sediment; toxicity; test; method; invertebrates ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD; WATER; TESTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOASSAYS; STORAGE; GROWTH AB Due to uncertainties as to appropriate procedures and dilution materials, most sediment tests are conducted only with undiluted, whole samples. Hence, it is not possible to use conventional concentration-response approaches to quantify toxicity of samples that elicit a 100% effect (e.g., mortality) at a preset test interval (typically 10 d). An alternative approach to quantifying the relative toxicity of test sediments is to determine time-to-effects. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of a time-to-effects approach for quantifying toxicity of freshwater sediments to the invertebrates Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans. Survival of both species and growth of C tentans was determined using five sediments (four test samples and a control sediment) by destructively sampling replicate test chambers over the course of a "standard" 10-d assay. Studies with the control sediment and a non-toxic test sample indicated excellent recovery of test animals, even early in the test (e.g., < 24 h) when individuals of both species are relatively small. Reasonable, typically monotonic, time-to-death relationships were observed for both H. azteca and C tentans exposed to three comparatively toxic test sediments, all of which caused significant mortality by 10 d. Use of the time-to-effects approach allowed expression of toxicity of the three samples relative to one another, as well as documentation of decreases in toxicity of one of the sediments with increased storage time. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of use of time-to-effects as a basis for quantifying the relative toxicity of contaminated sediments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00768-3 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00768-3 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651NT UT WOS:000181326600001 PM 12586150 ER PT J AU Wright, EL Erickson, JD AF Wright, EL Erickson, JD TI Incorporating catastrophes into integrated assessment: Science, impacts, and adaptation SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Review ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; DEEP-WATER FORMATION; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; LAST DEGLACIATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CHANGE POLICY AB Incorporating potential catastrophic consequences into integrated assessment models of climate change has been a top priority of policymakers and modelers alike. We review the current state of scientific understanding regarding three frequently mentioned geophysical catastrophes, with a view toward their implications for integrated assessment modeling. This review finds inadequacies in widespread model assumptions regarding the nature of catastrophes themselves and climate change impacts more generally. The possibility of greatly postponed consequences from near- and medium-term actions suggests that standard discounting practices are inappropriate for the analysis of climate catastrophe. Careful consideration of paleoclimate and geophysical modeling evidence regarding the possibility of changes in ocean circulation suggests a reframing of the source of climate change damages in economic models, placing changes in climate predictability, rather than gradual changes in mean values, at the focus of economic damage assessments. The implications of decreases in predictability for the modeling of adaptation are further discussed. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr 344, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wright, EL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Mail Drop E-305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM evelynwright@mindspring.com; jdericks@zoo.uvm.edu RI Erickson, Jon/C-4020-2009 NR 105 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 3 BP 265 EP 286 DI 10.1023/A:1022829706609 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657WJ UT WOS:000181689100002 ER PT J AU Carroll, C Phillips, MK Schumaker, NH Smith, DW AF Carroll, C Phillips, MK Schumaker, NH Smith, DW TI Impacts of landscape change on wolf restoration success: Planning a reintroduction program based on static and dynamic spatial models SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAY WOLF; POPULATION VIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; EXTINCTION; WOLVES; IDAHO; CARNIVORES; MOUNTAINS AB Mammalian carnivores are increasingly the focus of reintroduction attempts in areas from which they have been extirpated by historic persecution. We used static and dynamic spatial models to evaluate whether a proposed wolf reintroduction to the southern Rocky Mountain region (U.S.A) would advance recovery by increasing species distribution beyond what might be expected through natural range expansion. We used multiple logistic regression to develop a resource-selection function relating wolf distribution in the Greater Yellowstone region with regional-scale habitat variables. We also used a spatially explicit population model to predict wolf distribution and viability at several potential reintroduction sites within the region under current conditions and under two contrasting predictions of future landscape change. Areas of the southern Rocky Mountains with resource-selection-function values similar to those of currently inhabited areas in Yellowstone could potentially support >1000 wolves, 40% within protected areas and 47% on unprotected public lands. The dynamic model predicted similar distribution under current conditions but suggested that development trends over 25 years may result in the loss of one of four potential regional subpopulations and increased isolation of the remaining areas. The reduction in carrying capacity due to landscape change ranged from 49% to 66%, depending on assumptions about road development on public lands. Although much of the wolf population occurs outside core protected areas, these areas remain the key to the persistence of subpopulations. Although the dynamic model's sensitivity to dispersal parameters made it difficult to predict the probability of natural recolonization from distant sources, it suggested that an active reintroduction to two sites within the region may be necessary to ensure low extinction probability. Social carnivores such as the wolf, which often require larger territories than solitary species of similar size, may be more vulnerable to environmental stochasticity and landscape fragmentation than their vagility and fecundity would suggest. C1 Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. Turner Endangered Species Fund, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Yellowstone Natl Pk, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, POB 104, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. EM carlos@sisqtel.net NR 48 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 536 EP 548 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01552.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 658TK UT WOS:000181736400022 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Gary, RK Apostol, A Rogers, KR AF Ramanathan, K Gary, RK Apostol, A Rogers, KR TI A fluorescence based assay for DNA damage induced by radiation, chemical mutagens and enzymes SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT India/Japan Workshop on New Advanced Materials in Molecular Electronics CY DEC 10-11, 2001 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE fluorescence; DNA damage; melting/annealing analysis ID COMET ASSAY; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRAND BREAKS; SKIN-CANCER; UV; ULTRAVIOLET; INDUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTS; QUANTITATION AB A simple and rapid assay to detect DNA damage is reported. This novel assay is based on changes in melting/annealing behavior and facilitated using certain dyes that increase their fluorescence upon association with double stranded (ds)DNA. Damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, chemical mutagens or restriction enzymes produced an assay response. UV radiation at 254 nm (approximating UV-C) and 360 nm (approximating UV-A) were used to induce the damage in dsDNA. Chemical damage was induced using several compounds with known effects on nucleic acids. Restriction enzymes Hind III, Mspl, Sau 3Al were used to cut the plasmid (pUC19) at specific sequences in addition to the non-specific endonuclease DNase I. The effects of these types of damage on repeated melting and annealing of dsDNA were observed in real time using several fluorescence indicator dyes. Low concentrations of dsDNA (between 10 and 100 ng/ml) and small volumes (20 mul) were required for this assay. Repeated measures yielded a coefficient of variation of 2% (CV%). In addition to measuring various DNA damaging agents, the potential application of this assay to study the efficiency of various sun blocking agents against UV-induced DNA damage is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave,POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RI Gary, Ronald/A-8650-2008 OI Gary, Ronald/0000-0001-5079-1953 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S1567-1739(02)00207-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 667FH UT WOS:000182220200002 ER PT J AU Weetall, HH Druzhko, AB AF Weetall, HH Druzhko, AB TI Optical and electrical characteristics of bacteriorhodopsin gelatin films and tin-oxide coated electrodes SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT India/Japan Workshop on New Advanced Materials in Molecular Electronics CY DEC 10-11, 2001 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE bacteriorhodopsin; retinal; halobacteriurn salinarium; purple membranes; gelatin films; optoelectronics properties; tin-oxide electrodes; biomolecular electronics; retinal analogs; photocurrent transients ID SCHIFF-BASE; PROTON TRANSLOCATION; BINDING-SITE; MUTANTS D85N; ADAPTATION; ANALOGS; D85,96N; PUMP AB The lifetime of the M-state of Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is increased by genetic and chemical modifications and by solubilizing purple membranes with detergent. Chemically modified D96E as well as D96N films, possess close to 100% bleaching efficiency, which makes them attractive for use in image storage media. The mutant S35C has spectral and Kinetic properties identical to the WT, both in aqueous suspensions and in film and on antimony-tin-oxide electrodes. This suggests that substitution provides an attachment site that does not interfere with the function of BR. The magnitude of photocurrent transients generated by WT and mutant BR proteins both with natural chromophores and analogs were used to measure the efficiency of the ground-to-M-state transitions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Biophys, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Weetall, HH (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S1567-1739(02)00216-X PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 667FH UT WOS:000182220200031 ER PT J AU Hooker, TD Compton, JE AF Hooker, TD Compton, JE TI Forest ecosystem carbon and nitrogen accumulation during the first century after agricultural abandonment SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abandonment; agricultural; chronosequence; ecosystem recovery; forest carbon and nitrogen pools; land-use history; old fields; Pinus strobus; root biomass and nitrogen; soil carbon and nitrogen; white pine ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LAND-USE HISTORY; SOIL CARBON; TEMPERATE FOREST; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; WHITE-PINE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION PATTERNS AB Forests of the northeastern United States are expected to serve as a substantial sink for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) as they recover from extensive clearing and agriculture. However, questions remain concerning the rate, distribution, and duration of this potential sink. We used a chronosequence approach to determine changes in ecosystem C and N,during the first 115 years of forest development after agricultural abandonment in Rhode Island, USA. All sites had similar soils, climate, land-use history, and dominant overstory vegetation (Pinus strobus), but-differed in time since agricultural abandonment. Total ecosystem C increased linearly across the chronosequence at. a mean rate of 2.10 Mg.C-ha(-1).yr(-1). Most of the C was sequestered into plant biomass (73%) with less stored in the forest floor (17%) and deep mineral soil (6%; 20-70 cm depth). Total ecosystem N did not change over time; instead N accumulated in the forest,floor (11.6 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1)) and plant biomass (4.1 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1)), and these increases were roughly balanced by a significant decrease in N content of. the mineral soil (- 12.4 kg N.ha(-1)-yr(-1)). Over 90% of the storage of C and N in plant biomass occurred in the bole wood (C:N 350). Since nearly two-thirds of the forests in Rhode Island have established since 1900, net ecosystem C storage will likely continue for the next century if these forests remain undisturbed. Our results show that wood biomass is an important sink for both C and N in regrowing forests for at least one century after agricultural abandonment. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERK, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 88 TC 164 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0299:FECANA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674ZX UT WOS:000182669300003 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Neale, AC Nash, MS Sada, DW Jaeger, JR AF Bradford, DF Neale, AC Nash, MS Sada, DW Jaeger, JR TI Habitat patch occupancy by toads (Bufo punctatus) in a naturally fragmented desert landscape SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Bufo punctatus; desert; habitat fragmentation; isolation; metapopulation; Mojave Desert; patch occupancy; patch size; patchy population ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; EXTINCTION; ECOLOGY; ARIZONA; MODELS; FROGS AB Amphibians are often thought to have a metapopulation structure, which may render them vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. The red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) in the southwestern United States and Mexico commonly inhabits wetlands that have become much smaller and fewer since the late Pleistocene. This study tests two predictions based on metapopulation theory, that the incidence of habitat patch occupancy is directly related to patch size and that it is inversely related to patch isolation, and a third, potentially competing hypothesis, that patch occupancy is influenced by local environmental conditions. In a 20 000 km(2) area of the eastern Mojave Desert, 128 potential habitat patches (primarily springs) were identified and surveyed for local environmental characteristics and presence/ absence of B. punctatus. Patch size metrics reflected extent of water and riparian vegetation of several types. Patch isolation metrics were based on nearest-neighbor distances, calculated both as Euclidian distance and distance via connecting drainage channels. B. punctatus was found at 73% of the sites, including all of the 16 historic (pre-1970) sites. Patches were generally quite small, with water extending a median distance of only 200 m and median area of 72 m. Median nearest-neighbor distances among patches were 1.8 km Euclidian distance (range: 0.4-22.0 km) and 6.8 km via drainage channels (range: 0.5-64.9 km). Based on stepwise multiple logistic regression, the incidence of patch occupancy increased significantly with patch size and was also significantly related to elevation, latitude, and four metrics that were associated with rocky terrain, periodic scouring water flows, and ephemeral water. In contrast, incidence of patch occupancy was not significantly related to patch isolation. These findings are consistent with a "patchy population" model, rather than the classical equilibrium metapopulation model, implying frequent dispersal among patches and virtually no local extinctions. We speculate that B. punctatus in the Mojave Desert today occurs primarily in a patchy population or populations within mountain ranges that are isolated from patchy populations in other ranges. The influence of local environmental characteristics on patch occupancy demonstrates the importance of including patch quality metrics in tests of predictions for patch occupancy based on metapopulation theory. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89509 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 54 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 6 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1023 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1012:HPOBTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677NC UT WOS:000182813600021 ER PT J AU Spiegel, RJ Preston, JL AF Spiegel, RJ Preston, JL TI Technical assessment of fuel cell operation on landfill gas at the Groton, CT, landfill SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes the results of a seminal assessment conducted on a fuel cell technology that generates electrical power from landfill waste gas. This assessment at Groton, Connecticut was the second such project conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the first being conducted at the Penrose Power Station near Los Angeles, California. The main objective was to demonstrate the suitability of the landfill gas energy conversion equipment at Groton with different conditions and gas compositions than at Penrose. The operation of the landfill gas cleanup system removed contaminants from the gas stream with essentially the same efficacy as at Penrose, even though the quantity and kinds of contaminants were somewhat different. The fuel cell power plant's maximum output power improved from 137 kW at Penrose to 165 kW at Groton, due to a 31% increase in the heating value of the Groton landfill gas. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hydrogen Source Corp, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP Spiegel, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 5 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00118-4 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 655YP UT WOS:000181581100001 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, MS TI A review of some tracer-test design equations for tracer-mass estimation and sample-collection frequency SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE sampling frequencies; tracer-mass estimation; tracer-test design AB Determination of necessary tracer mass, initial sample-collection time, and subsequent sample-collection frequency are the three most difficult aspects to estimate for a proposed tracer test prior to conducting the tracer test. To facilitate tracer-mass estimation, 33 mass-estimation equations have been developed over the past century. These 33 equations are reviewed here, 32 of which were evaluated using previously published tracer-test design examination parameters. Comparison of the results produced a wide range of estimated tracer mass, but no means is available by which one equation may be reasonably selected over the others. Each equation produces a simple approximation for tracer mass. Most of the equations are based primarily on estimates or measurements of discharge, transport distance, and suspected transport times. Although the basic field parameters commonly employed are appropriate for estimating tracer mass, the 33 equations are problematic in that they were all probably based on the original developers experience in a particular field area and not necessarily on measured hydraulic parameters or solute-transport theory. Suggested sampling frequencies are typically based primarily on probable transport distance, but with little regard to expected travel times. This too is problematic in that tracer sampling remains a haphazard process that tends to result in false negatives or data aliasing. Simulations from the recently developed efficient hydrologic tracer-test design methodology (EHTD) were compared with those obtained from 32 of the 33 published tracer-mass estimation equations and 1 suggested sampling frequencies. EHTD applies functional relationships developed from hydrologic measurements in a solute-transport model to develop a preliminary tracer-breakthrough curve that has been shown to reasonably predict actual tracer-test results. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 1200 Penn,Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 8 BP 867 EP 881 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 675RG UT WOS:000182708500001 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, LS Fenton, SE AF Birnbaum, LS Fenton, SE TI Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE animal models; atrazine; carcinogenesis; childhood cancers; development; dioxin; endocrine disruptors ID INDUCED MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; FEMALE RAT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; COMPARATIVE CARCINOGENICITY; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AB Developing organisms have increased susceptibility to cancer if they are exposed to environmental toxicants during rapid growth and differentiation. Human studies have demonstrated clear increases in cancer after prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation, and there is suggestive evidence that brain tumors and leukemia are associated with parental exposures to chemicals. Animal experiments have demonstrated increased tumor formation induced by prenatal or neonatal exposure to a variety of chemicals, including direct-acting carcinogens and drugs. Recently, natural estrogens have been classified as known human carcinogens. Prenatal exposure to natural and synthetic estrogens is associated with increases in breast and vaginal tumors in humans as well as uterine tumors in animals. Synthetic halogenated chemicals increase liver tumors after early life-stage exposure. Recently, a prototypical endocrine-disrupting compound, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, has been shown to be a developmental toxicant of the mammary gland in rodents. Dioxin alters multiple endocrine systems, and its effects on the developing breast involve delayed proliferation and differentiation of the mammary gland, as well as, an elongation of the window of sensitivity to potential carcinogens. Implications of these new findings suggest that causes of endocrine-related cancers or susceptibility to cancer may be a result of developmental exposures rather than exposures existing at or near the time of tumor detection. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), US EPA, B143-01,TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA. NR 76 TC 222 Z9 233 U1 5 U2 47 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1289/ehp.5686 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 665WM UT WOS:000182144300020 PM 12676588 ER PT J AU Gooding, MP Wilson, VS Folmar, LC Marcovich, DT LeBlanc, GA AF Gooding, MP Wilson, VS Folmar, LC Marcovich, DT LeBlanc, GA TI The biocide tributyltin reduces the accumulation of testosterone as fatty acid esters in the mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acyltransferase; fatty acid esters; Ilyanassa obsoleta; imposex; invertebrate endocrinology; mud snail; testosterone; tributyltin ID NUCELLA-LAPILLUS; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; OCTOPUS-VULGARIS; STEROID-HORMONES; INDUCED IMPOSEX; FEMALE; TBT; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; BINDING AB Imposex, the development of male sex characteristics by female gonochoristic snails, has been documented globally and is causally associated with exposure to the ubiquitous environmental contaminant tributyltin (TBT). Elevated testosterone levels in snails also are associated with TBT, and direct exposure to testosterone has been shown to cause imposex. We discovered previously that the mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) biotransforms and retains excess testosterone primarily as fatty acid esters. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TBT interferes with the esterification of testosterone, resulting in the elevated free (unesterified) testosterone levels associated with imposex. Exposure of snails to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT (greater than or equal to1.0 ng/L as tin) significantly increased the incidence of imposex. Total (free + esterified) testosterone levels in snails were not altered by TBT; however, free testosterone levels increased with increasing exposure concentration of TBT. TBT-exposed snails were given [(14)C]testosterone to measure the production of [(14)C]testosterone-fatty acid esters. The production of testosterone-fatty acid esters decreased with increasing exposure concentration of TBT. These results indicate that TBT elevates free testosterone levels in snails by decreasing the production or retention of testosterone-fatty acid esters. These findings were confirmed among field-sampled snails where individuals collected from a high-tin-affected site exhibited a greater incidence of imposex, higher free testosterone levels, and lower testosterone-fatty acid ester levels when compared with individuals sampled from a low-tin-affected site. Decreased testosterone-fatty acid esterification among TBT-treated snails was not caused by direct inhibition of the acyl coenzyme A:testosterone acyltransferase (ATAT) enzyme responsible for testosterone esterification, nor by suppressed ATAT protein expression. The target of TBT may be a co-contributor to the testosterone fatty esterification process or a factor in the enhanced hydrolysis of the testosterone-fatty acid pool. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP LeBlanc, GA (reprint author), 850 Main Campus Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ga_leblanc@ncsu.edu OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 34 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1289/ehp.5779 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 665WM UT WOS:000182144300026 PM 12676594 ER PT J AU Pritchard, JB French, JE Davis, BJ Haseman, JK AF Pritchard, JB French, JE Davis, BJ Haseman, JK TI The role of transgenic mouse models in carcinogen identification SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE carcinogens; hazard identification; mouse model; mutagenesis screening; transgenic models ID HA-RAS GENE; INDUCED SKIN TUMORS; P53-DEFICIENT MICE; AVAILABLE DATA; TG.AC MICE; RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; INDUCED TUMORIGENESIS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; RAPID INDUCTION; KNOCKOUT MOUSE AB In this article, we examine existing data on the use of transgenic mouse models for identification of human carcinogens. We focus on the three most extensively studied of these mice, Trp53+/-, Tg/AC, and RasH2, and compare their performance with the traditional 2-year rodent bioassay. Data on 99 chemicals were evaluated. Using the International Agency for Research on Cancer/Report on Carcinogens determinations for the carcinogenicity of these chemicals to humans as the standard for comparison, we evaluated a variety of potential testing strategies ranging from individual transgenic models to combinations of these three models with each other and with traditional rodent assays. The individual transgenic models made the "correct" determinations (positive for carcinogens; negative for noncarcinogens) for 74-81% of the chemicals, with an increase to as much as 83% using combined strategies (e.g., Trp53+/- for genotoxic chemicals and RasH2 for all chemicals). For comparison, identical analysis of chemicals in this data set that were tested in the 2-year, two-species rodent bioassay yielded correct determinations for 69% of the chemicals. However, although the transgenic models had a high percentage of correct determinations, they did miss a number of known or probable human carcinogens, whereas the bioassay missed none of these chemicals. Therefore, we also evaluated mixed strategies using transgenic models and the rat bioassay. These strategies yielded approximately 85% correct determinations, missed no carcinogens, and cut the number of positive determinations for human noncarcinogens in half. Overall, the transgenic models performed well, but important issues of validation and standardization need further attention to permit their regulatory acceptance and use in human risk assessment. C1 NIEHS, Lab Pharmcol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Womens Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Environm Biol & Med Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pritchard, JB (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Pharmcol & Chem, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 135 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 444 EP 454 DI 10.1289/ehp.5778 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 665WM UT WOS:000182144300029 PM 12676597 ER PT J AU Tamura, H Yoshikawa, H Gaido, KW Ross, SM DeLisle, RK Welsh, WJ Richard, AM AF Tamura, H Yoshikawa, H Gaido, KW Ross, SM DeLisle, RK Welsh, WJ Richard, AM TI Interaction of organophosphate pesticides and related compounds with the androgen receptor SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE androgen receptor; fenitrothion; homology model; HepG2 cells; organophosphates; structure-activity relationships ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; MALE-RAT; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIANDROGENS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; ORGANOCHLORINE EXPOSURE; GENE-MUTATIONS; BREAST-CANCER; IN-VIVO AB Identification of several environmental chemicals capable of binding to the androgen receptor (AR) and interfering with its normal function has heightened concern about adverse effects across a broad spectrum of environmental chemicals. We previously demonstrated AR antagonist activity of the organophosphate (OP) pesticide fenitrothion. In this study, we characterized AR activity of analogues of fenitrothion to probe the structural requirements for AR activity among related chemicals. AR activity was measured using HepG2 human hepatoma cells transfected with human AR plus an androgen-responsive luciferase reporter gene, MMTV-luc. AR antagonist activity decreased as alkyl chain length of the phosphoester increased, whereas electron-donating properties of phenyl substituents of the tested compounds did not influence AR activity. Oxon derivatives of fenitrothion, which are more likely to undergo hydrolytic degradation, had no detectable AR antagonist activity. Molecular modeling results suggest that hydrogen-bond energies and the maximum achievable interatomic distance between two terminal H-bond capable sites may influence both the potential to interact with the AR and the nature of the interaction (agonist vs. antagonist) within this series of chemicals. This hypothesis is supported by the results of recent AR homology modeling and crystallographic studies relative to agonist- and antagonist-bound AR complexes. The present results are placed in the context of structure-activity knowledge derived from previous modeling studies as well as studies aimed toward designing nonsteroidal antiandrogen pharmaceuticals. Present results extend understanding of the structural requirements for AR activity to a new class of nonsteroidal, environmental, OP-related chemicals. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Meijo Univ, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Kyushu Kyoritsu Univ, Dept Environm Chem, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Accelrys Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B143-09, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1289/ehp.5671 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 665WM UT WOS:000182144300045 PM 12676613 ER PT J AU Branum, AM Collman, GW Correa, A Keim, SA Kessel, W Kimmel, CA Klebanoff, MA Longnecker, MP Mendola, P Rigas, M Selevan, SG Scheidt, PC Schoendorf, K Smith-Khuri, E Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Branum, AM Collman, GW Correa, A Keim, SA Kessel, W Kimmel, CA Klebanoff, MA Longnecker, MP Mendola, P Rigas, M Selevan, SG Scheidt, PC Schoendorf, K Smith-Khuri, E Yeargin-Allsopp, M CA Natl Children's Study Interagency TI The National Children's Study of Environmental Effects on Child Health and Development SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE child; cohort studies; environment; human milk; pregnancy ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; BREAST-MILK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; THYROID-HORMONES; CEREBRAL-PALSY; EXPOSURE; PREVALENCE; MOTHERS; TRENDS; RISK AB Increasing recognition that children may be more susceptible than adults to environmental exposures and that they experience potentially life-long consequences of such exposures has led to widespread support for a large new cohort study in the United States. In this article, we propose a framework for a new cohort study of children, with follow-up beginning before birth and continuing to age 21 years. We also describe the administrative structure that has been built to develop the proposal further. The structure includes a partnership between federal and nonfederal scientists and relies on a collaborative, interdisciplinary research effort of unprecedented scale in medical research. We discuss briefly how the proposed cohort could be used to examine, among many other things, the effect of chemical contaminants in breast milk on children's health and development. C1 NICHD, Natl Childrens Study Program Off, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIEHS, Chem Exposures & Mol Biol Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Secretary, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NICHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Scheidt, PC (reprint author), NICHD, Natl Childrens Study Program Off, 6100 Execut Blvd,MSC 7510, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RI Keim, Sarah/F-8929-2013; OI Keim, Sarah/0000-0003-3490-3649; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 67 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 642 EP 646 DI 10.1289/ehp.5781 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 665WM UT WOS:000182144300058 PM 12676629 ER PT J AU Curran, MA Skone, TJ AF Curran, MA Skone, TJ TI LCAccess: A global directory of life cycle assessment resources SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB LCAccess is an E.P,A-sponsored Web site intended to promote the use of Life Cycle Assessment (ICA) in business decision-making by facilitating access to data sources useful in developing a life cycle inventor (LCI). Whil LCAccess does not, itself, contain data, it is a searchable global direction of potential data sources, and serves as a central source for LCA information. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1002/ep.670220111 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VN UT WOS:000185225900005 ER PT J AU Almquist, CB Sahle-Demessie, E Enriquez, J Biswas, P AF Almquist, CB Sahle-Demessie, E Enriquez, J Biswas, P TI The photocatalytic oxidation of low concentration MTBE on titanium dioxide from groundwater in a falling film reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; BIODEGRADATION; WATER; DEGRADATION; OXYGEN; PHOTOOXIDATION; HYDROCARBONS; SUSPENSIONS; MECHANISMS; KINETICS AB This study is focused on three main objectives: 1) to determine the feasibility of using a falling film slurry photocatalytic reactor for the degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in water, 2) to assess tbefeasibility of MTBE photo-oxidation on TiO2 at low initial MTBE concentrations (< 1 mg/L, and 3) to compare the effectiveness of MTBE pboto-oxidation on TiO2 in synthetically-contaminated water, and in actual MTBE-contaminated groundwater samples. The MTBE degradation rates observed in a laminar falling film photocatalytic reactor for synthetic samples, with concentrations ranging from 50 mug/L to I mg/L, were high, achieving nearly complete (99(+)%) degradation of 1 mg/L MTBE and its byproducts in less than 120 minutes. The calculated single-pass conversions were as high as 60%, corresponding to residence times of approximately 5 seconds in the falling film reactor. The observed degradation products of MTBE oxidation were predominantly tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and tertbutyl formate (TBF). However, tests conducted using groundwater samples showed significantly reduced photoactivity of TiO2 towards the degradation of MTBE. Aromatic species and dissolved metal and chloride ions present in the field samples compete with MTBE and molecular oxygen on the TiO2 surface, and hence delay and retard MTBE degradation. C1 Miami Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Washington Univ, Aerosol & Air Qual Res Lab, Chem & Civil Engn Dept, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Almquist, CB (reprint author), Miami Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1002/ep.670220113 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VN UT WOS:000185225900007 ER PT J AU Boethling, R Lynch, DG Thom, GC AF Boethling, R Lynch, DG Thom, GC TI Predicting ready biodegradability of premanufacture notice chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ready biodegradability; BioWIN; premanufacture notice; pollution prevention ID INFORMATION AB Chemical substances other than pesticides, drugs, and food additives are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), but the United States does not require that new substances be tested automatically for such critical properties as biodegradability. The resulting lack of submitted data has fostered the development of estimation methods, and the BioWIN models for predicting biodegradability from chemical structure have played a prominent role in premanufacture notice (PMN) review. Until now, validation efforts have used only the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) test data and have not included all models. To assess BioWIN performance with PMN substances. we assembled a database of PMNs for which ready biodegradation data had been submitted over the period 1995 through 2001. The 305 PMN structures are highly varied and pose major challenges to chemical property estimation. Despite the variability of ready biodegradation tests, the use of at least six different test methods, and widely varying quality of submitted data, accuracy of four of six BioWIN models (MITI linear, MITI nonlinear, survey ultimate, survey primary) was in the 80+% range for predicting ready biodegradability. Greater accuracy (>90%) can be achieved by using model estimates only when the four models agree (true for 3/4 of the PMNs). The BioWIN linear and nonlinear probability models did not perform as well even when classification criteria were optimized. The results suggest that the MITI and survey BioWIN models are suitable for use in screening-level applications. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Boethling, R (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Mail Code 7406,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0837:PRBOPN>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 721QC UT WOS:000185326200023 PM 12685720 ER PT J AU Hornung, MW Ankley, GT Schmieder, PK AF Hornung, MW Ankley, GT Schmieder, PK TI Induction of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in rainbow trout hepatoma cells (RTH 149) at 11 or 18 degrees C SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transactivation; fish; temperature; estrogen; reporter gene ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; IN-VIVO ASSAYS; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; STW EFFLUENT; COMMON CARP; CHEMICALS; EXPRESSION AB The potential for temperature to influence estrogen-mediated responses in poikilothermic animals suggested that temperature may be an important variable to consider when using an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in a rainbow trout cell line to test chemicals for estrogenic activity. Rainbow trout hepatoma cells (RTH 149) incubated at 11 or 18degreesC were cotransfected with an estrogen-responsive luciferase reporter plasmid and a plasmid containing a constitutively expressed rainbow trout estrogen receptor. The RTH-149 cells were then exposed to estradiol, with samples collected at 24-h intervals. The 72-h effective concentration for 50% maximal response (EC50) for estrogen-responsive luciferase activity at 11degreesC was 3.8 x 10(-9) M and 7.4 x 10(-10) M at 18degreesC. The efficacy of estradiol was lower at 11degreesC. The maximal response to estradiol in cells at 11degreesC was generally two- to threefold greater than controls (mean = 2.6-fold), whereas the maximal response at 18degreesC was three- to fourfold greater than controls (mean = 3.2-fold). Ethinylestradiol, a strong estrogen receptor agonist, was similar to estradiol in potency (relative potency = 0.8) and efficacy at the two temperatures. The EC50 of the weak estrogen receptor agonist 4-tert-pentylphenol was 7.6 x 10(-7) M at 11degreesC and 6.9 x 10(-7) M at 18degreesC; its potency relative to 17beta-estradiol was not significantly different at the two temperatures, 0.00036 and 0.00054 at 11degreesC and 18degreesC, respectively. The estrogen-responsive reporter gene activity produced by 10(-8) M estradiol was completely inhibited by the two estrogen hormone receptor antagonists, ZM 189,154 and ICI 182,780, at 10(-6) M concentration of either antagonist. Although there may be slight differences in responses between the two temperatures tested here, this assay can be used to effectively determine the relative estrogenic activity of chemicals within the physiological temperature range of rainbow trout. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Hornung, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 866 EP 871 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0866:IOAERR>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 721QC UT WOS:000185326200026 PM 12685723 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG Brunson, EL Wang, N Dwyer, EJ Ankley, GT Mount, DR Huckins, J Petty, J Landrum, PE AF Ingersoll, CG Brunson, EL Wang, N Dwyer, EJ Ankley, GT Mount, DR Huckins, J Petty, J Landrum, PE TI Uptake and depuration of nonionic organic contaminants from sediment by the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment; bioaccumulation; oligochaetes; Lumbriculus variegatus ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; PORE-WATER; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; HYALELLA-AZTECA; CONTACT TIME; BIOACCUMULATION; TOXICITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; PYRENE AB Uptake of sediment-associated contaminants by the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus was evaluated after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of exposure to a field-collected sediment contaminated with DDT and its metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or to a field-collected sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Deputation of contaminants by oligochaetes in a control sediment or in water was also evaluated over a 7-d period after 28 d of exposure to the field-collected sediments. Accumulation of PAHs with a log octanol-water partitioning coefficient (log K-ow) <5.6 typically reached a peak at day 3, followed by a lower plateau between days 7 and 56 of the sediment exposure. Similarly, 4,4'-DDT exhibited a peak in accumulation at day 14 followed by a decline at days 28 and 56. In contrast, accumulation of PAHs with a log K-ow >5.6 or DDD and DDE typically exhibited a steady increase from day 1 to about day 14 or 28, followed by a plateau. Therefore, exposures conducted for a minimum of 14 to 28 d better reflected steady-state concentrations for DDT and its metabolites and for PAHs. Depuration rates for DDT and its metabolites and high-K-ow PAHs were much higher in organisms held in clean sediment relative to both water-only depuration and model predictions. This suggests that depuration in clean sediment may artificially accelerate depuration of hydrophobic compounds. Comparisons between laboratory-exposed L. variegatus and oligochaetes collected in the field from these sediments indicate that results of laboratory tests can be extrapolated to the field with a reasonable degree of certainty. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. AScI, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 872 EP 885 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0872:UADONO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 721QC UT WOS:000185326200027 PM 12685724 ER PT J AU Dawson, TD Lott, KG Leonard, EN Mount, DR AF Dawson, TD Lott, KG Leonard, EN Mount, DR TI Time course of metal loss in Lumbriculus variegatus following sediment exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation test; deputation; oligochaete; sediment; metal ID GUT CONTENT; WATER; BIOACCUMULATION; INVERTEBRATES; HYDROCARBONS AB After exposure for 21 d to sediment spiked with Cd, Pb, Cu, or Zn, oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) held in clean water depurated metal rapidly over the first few hours but much more slowly from 8 h up to 32 h. Results are consistent with previous work suggesting a 6-h deputation period as generally appropriate for sediment bioaccumulation studies with L. variegatus. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. SoBran, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. RP Mount, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 886 EP 889 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0886:TCOMLI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 721QC UT WOS:000185326200028 PM 12685725 ER PT J AU Weinstein, MP Keough, JR Guntenspergen, GR Litvin, SY AF Weinstein, MP Keough, JR Guntenspergen, GR Litvin, SY TI Preface: Phragmites australis: A sheep in wolf's clothing? SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New Jersey Marine Sci Consortium, Sandy Hook Field Stn, Ft Hancock, NJ 07732 USA. US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, ORD 6201, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Nat Resources Res Inst, US Geol Survey, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Weinstein, MP (reprint author), New Jersey Marine Sci Consortium, Sandy Hook Field Stn, Bldg 22, Ft Hancock, NJ 07732 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2B BP 397 EP 397 DI 10.1007/BF02823715 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 699JF UT WOS:000184052700001 ER PT J AU Lee, CR Pieper, JA Frye, RF Hinderliter, AL Blaisdell, JA Goldstein, JA AF Lee, CR Pieper, JA Frye, RF Hinderliter, AL Blaisdell, JA Goldstein, JA TI Differences in flurbiprofen pharmacokinetics between CYP2C9*1/*1, *1/*2, and *1/*3 genotypes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYP2C9; polymorphisms; flurbiprofen ID CYTOCHROME P4502C9; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; DOSE REQUIREMENT; GLUCOSE RESPONSE; ALLELIC VARIANT; AMINO-ACID; IN-VITRO; CYP2C9; POLYMORPHISMS; TOLBUTAMIDE AB Objective: This study was conducted to examine differences in flurbiprofen metabolism among individuals with the CYP2C9*1/*1, *1/*2, and *1/*3 genotypes. Methods: Fifteen individuals with the CYP2C9*1/*1 (n = 5) *1/*2(n = 5), and *1/*3(n = 5) genotypes received a single 50-mg oral dose of flurbiprofen. Plasma and urine samples were collected over 24 h, and flurbiprofen and 4'-hydroxyflurbiprofen pharmacokinetic data were compared across genotypes. Results: CYP2C9 genotype was a significant predictor of flurbiprofen metabolism and accounted for 59% of the variability in flurbiprofen AUC(0-infinity), and approximately 50% of the variability in flurbiprofen oral clearance, formation clearance to 4'-hydroxyflurbiprofen, and the 0 to 24-h urinary metabolic ratio of flurbiprofen to 4'-hydroxyflurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen AUC(0-infinity) was significantly higher and all measures of flurbiprofen clearance were significantly lower in the C YP2C9*1/*3 individuals than in those with *1/*1. Significant differences in these parameters were not detected between *1/*2 subjects and *1/*1 subjects. Conclusions: CYP2C9 genotype is a significant predictor of flurbiprofen disposition in humans by altering CYP2C9-mediated metabolism and reducing systemic clearance. The effects are most pronounced in individuals carrying the *3 allele. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lee, CR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012; OI Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301; Frye, Reginald/0000-0002-1841-1401 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046] NR 21 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0031-6970 J9 EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 12 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s00228-003-0574-6 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 682RF UT WOS:000183105300002 PM 12698304 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD AF Riitters, KH Wickham, JD TI How far to the nearest road? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FRAGMENTATION AB Ecological impacts from roads may be the rule rather than the exception in most of the conterminous United States. We measured the proportion of land area that was located within nine distances from the nearest road of any type, and mapped the results for 164 ecoregions and 2108 watersheds nationwide. Overall, 20% of the total land area was within 127 m of a road, and the proportion increased rapidly with distance, so that 83% was within 1061 m of a road, and only 3% was more than 5176 m away. For forest land area only, the proportions differed by less than 2% for all distances. Regions with more than 60% of their total land area within 382 m of a road may be at greatest risk of cumulative ecological impacts from roads. These regions include nearly all coastal zones, as well as substantial portions of the southeast US and the basins of the Ohio, Brazos, Colorado, Sacramento, and San Joaquin Rivers. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.2307/3867984 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WO UT WOS:000221789700016 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS AF Puskin, JS TI Smoking as a confounder in ecologic correlations of cancer mortality rates with average county radon levels SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radon; cancer; cigarettes; health effects ID NO-THRESHOLD-THEORY; LUNG-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER; RESIDENTIAL RADON; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INDOOR RADON; REGRESSION; POPULATION AB Cohen has reported a negative correlation between lung cancer mortality and average radon levels by county. In this paper, the correlation of U.S. county mortality rates for various types of cancers during the period 1970-1994 with Cohen's radon measurements is examined. In general, quantitatively similar, strongly negative correlations are found for cancers strongly linked to cigarette smoking, weaker negative correlations are found for cancers moderately increased by smoking, whereas no such correlation is found for cancers not linked to smoking. The results indicate that the negative trend previously reported for lung cancer can be largely accounted for by a negative correlation between smoking and radon levels across counties. Hence, the observed ecological correlation provides no substantial evidence for a protective effect of low level radon exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM puskin.jerome@epa.gov NR 27 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 4 BP 526 EP 532 DI 10.1097/00004032-200304000-00012 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 655VM UT WOS:000181573400012 PM 12705451 ER PT J AU Martonen, TB Zhang, ZQ Yue, G Musante, CJ AF Martonen, TB Zhang, ZQ Yue, G Musante, CJ TI Fine particle deposition within human nasal airways SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE AEROSOLS; CAST AB An original mathematical model describing particle diffusion in human nasal passages is presented. A unique feature of the model is that it combines effects of both turbulent and laminar flows. To account for turbulence, concentration equations written in cylindrical coordinates are first simplified by a scaling technique and then solved analytically based on momentum/mass transfer analogy. To describe laminar motion, the work of Martonen et al. (1995a) is modified for application to nasal passages. The predictions of the new model agree well with particle deposition data from experiments using human replica nasal casts over a wide range of flow rates (4-30 L/min) and particle sizes (0.001-0.1 mum). The results of our study suggest that a complex fluid dynamics situation involving a natural transition from laminar to turbulent motion may exist within human nasal passages during inspiration. The model may be used to predict deposition efficiencies of inhaled particles for inhalation toxicology (e.g., the risk assessment of air pollutants) and aerosol therapy (e.g., the treatment of lung diseases) applications. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Entelos Inc, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 74,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 283 EP 303 DI 10.1080/08958370390168265 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 656JV UT WOS:000181605400001 PM 12635000 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, J McGee, J Carter, JD Grambow, SC Devlin, RB AF Huang, YCT Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, J McGee, J Carter, JD Grambow, SC Devlin, RB TI The role of soluble components in ambient fine particles-induced changes in human lungs and blood SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEALTHY-HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; DAILY MORTALITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; OXIDANT GENERATION; TRANSITION-METALS; PLASMA-FIBRINOGEN; ACID AEROSOLS AB Normal individuals developed pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and increased blood fibrinogen following inhalation of concentrated ambient particles (CAPS). In this study, we sought to determine how soluble components in CAPS contributed to these changes. We expanded and reanalyzed data from 37 young healthy volunteers from a previous study (Ghio et al., 2000) who were exposed to either filtered air or CAPS. Postexposure bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as well as pre- and postexposure venous blood samples was analyzed for cellular and acute inflammatory endpoints. Nine most abundant components in the water-soluble fraction of CAPS were correlated with these endpoints using principal component analysis. We found that a sulfate/Fe/Se factor was associated with increased BAL percentage of neutrophils and a Cu/Zn/V factor with increased blood fibrinogen. The concentrations of sulfate, Fe, and Se correlated highly with PM mass (R > 0.75) while the correlations between PM and Cu/Zn/V were modest (R = 0.2-0.6). These results from controlled human exposure linked specific PM components to pulmonary neutrolphil influx and blood fibrinogen increase, and indicated the soluble components of pollutant particles may differentially affect pulmonary and hematological systems in humans exposed to PM. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. Durham VA Med Ctr, VA Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Grambow, Steven/E-1422-2015 OI Grambow, Steven/0000-0001-6037-3253 NR 55 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1080/08958370390187435 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 656JV UT WOS:000181605400003 PM 12635002 ER PT J AU Davis, B AF Davis, B TI Performance-based approach for groundwater systems SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB THIS APPROACH IDENTIFIES CRITICAL BARRIERS TO CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS, SETS PERFORMANCE GOALS FOR EACH ONE, AND ENABLES IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL WEAK POINTS THAT MAY CAUSE WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS. C1 US EPA, Reg Off, Drinking Water Program, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP Davis, B (reprint author), US EPA, Reg Off, Drinking Water Program, 1445 Ross Ave,6WQ-SD, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 130 EP 140 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 667WB UT WOS:000182256600017 ER PT J AU Fan, CY Field, R Lai, FH AF Fan, CY Field, R Lai, FH TI Sewer-sediment control: Overview of an environmental protection agency Wet-Weather Flow Research Program SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environmental-and-Water-Resources-Institute Conference CY MAY 19-23, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Environm & Water Resources Inst DE sewers; sediment control; flushing; solid suspension AB This paper presents a historical overview of the sewer sediment control projects conducted by the Wet-Weather Flow Research Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The research presented includes studies of the causes of sewer solids deposition and development/evaluation of control methods that can prevent sewer-sediment accumulation. Discussions focus on the relationship of wastewater characteristics to flow-carrying velocity, abatement of solids deposition and solids resuspension in sewers, and sewerline flushing systems for removal of sewer sediment. Methods for abating sewer sedimentation include steeper sewer slope, pipe bottom shapes that maintain high velocity during low-flow conditions, and periodic sewer flushing. The future research program plan for sewer-sediment control is also presented. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Res, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Fan, CY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Res, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM fan.chi-yuan@epa.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2003 VL 129 IS 4 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:4(253) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 658NC UT WOS:000181726200002 ER PT J AU Varma, M Hester, JD Schaefer, FW Ware, MW Lindquist, HDA AF Varma, M Hester, JD Schaefer, FW Ware, MW Lindquist, HDA TI Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis using a quantitative real-time PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE 5 '-exonuclease; assay; Cyclospora cayetanensis; fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET); ribosomal RNA ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; AMPLIFICATION PRODUCTS; TEMPLATE PREPARATION; IDENTIFICATION; OOCYSTS; VARIABILITY; RASPBERRIES; POLYMERASE; INFECTION; PATHOGEN AB Cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian parasite, with a fecal-oral life cycle, has become recognized worldwide as an emerging human pathogen. Clinical manifestations include prolonged gastroenteritis. While most cases of infection with C cayetanensis in the United States have been associated with foodborne transmission, waterborne transmission has also been implicated. We report on the development and application of a real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of C. cayetanensis oocysts, which is the first reported use of this technique for this organism. Both a species-specific primer set and dual fluorescent-labeled C cayetanensis hybridization probe were designed using the inherent genetic uniqueness of the 18S ribosomal gene sequence of C. cayetanensis. The real-time polymerase chain reaction assay has been optimized to specifically detect the DNA from as few as 1 oocyst of C. cayetanensis per 5 mul reaction volume. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biochem, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Lindquist, HDA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00209-9 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00209-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 654KQ UT WOS:000181496400004 PM 12609720 ER PT J AU Doherty, J Johnston, JM AF Doherty, J Johnston, JM TI Methodologies for calibration and predictive analysis of a watershed model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mathematical modeling; HSPF; parameter estimation; PEST; model calibration; uncertainty; watershed management ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; CATCHMENT MODELS; ALGORITHM; MULTIPLE AB The use of a fitted parameter watershed model to address water quantity and quality management issues requires that it be calibrated under a wide range of hydrologic conditions. However, rarely does model calibration result in a unique parameter set. Parameter nonuniqueness can lead to predictive nonuniqueness. The extent of model predictive uncertainty should be investigated if management decisions are to be based on model projections. Using models built for four neighboring watersheds in the Neuse River Basin of North Carolina, the application of the automated parameter optimization software PEST in conjunction with the Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) is demonstrated. Parameter nonuniqueness is illustrated, and a method is presented for calculating many different sets of parameters, all of which acceptably calibrate a watershed model. A regularization methodology is discussed in which models for similar watersheds can be calibrated simultaneously. Using this method, parameter differences between watershed models can be minimized while maintaining fit between model outputs and field observations. In recognition of the fact that parameter nonuniqueness and predictive uncertainty are inherent to the modeling process, PEST's nonlinear predictive analysis functionality is then used to explore the extent of model predictive uncertainty. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. US EPA, ORD, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Doherty, J (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM johnston.johnm@epamail.epa.gov NR 39 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04381.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 675BR UT WOS:000182673600001 ER PT J AU Hudnell, HK Shoemaker, RC AF Hudnell, HK Shoemaker, RC TI A letter of comment on "Human health effects of exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida: a review" by Swinker and colleagues SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Letter ID VISUAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; DEFICITS; WORKERS; VISION C1 US EPA, ORD NHEERL NTD NPBT, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hudnell, HK (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL NTD NPBT, Mail Drop B105-5, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 345 EP 347 AR PII S1286-4579(03)00036-4 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00036-4 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 678AM UT WOS:000182842600011 PM 12706447 ER PT J AU Diamond, DD Gordon, TM True, CD Lea, RD Foster, WE AF Diamond, DD Gordon, TM True, CD Lea, RD Foster, WE TI An ecoregion-based conservation assessment and conservation opportunity area inventory for the Lower Midwestern USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conservation assessment; conservation opportunity areas; Midwest environmental assessment; natural resource planning; ecoregional planning ID UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; DIVERSITY; FLORIDA; SYSTEM; RANGE; COVER AB We calculated landscape metrics from the National Land Cover Database and digital elevation models in order to create a conservation opportunity area coverage and rank ecoregions of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, USA, in terms of environmental quality. Ecoregions of northern Iowa and those that border the Missouri River in Nebraska and Missouri scored low for environmental quality, whereas subsections in the Ozark Highlands, Black Hills, Northwestern Great Plains, and Nebraska Sand Hills scored high. Conservation opportunity areas were defined as natural and seminatural land cover patches that are away from roads and away from patch edges, and were modeled by creating distance grids using the National Land Cover Database and the Census Bureau's TIGER roads files. Conservation opportunity areas comprised 30.4% of the study area under a liberal model that counted patches closer to roads and patch edges, and 5.0% under a more conservative definition. Finally, we modeled landforms via neighborhood analysis of digital elevation models, and used landform representation as a conservation target to show how the opportunity area coverage can be combined with other data to facilitate conservation planning in the St. Francois Knobs and Basins of southeastern Missouri. The ranking of ecoregions and delineation of opportunity areas should be viewed as significant steps forward in the iterative process of developing more detailed conservation plans that incorporate additional data on conservation targets and evaluate design issues such as reserve size and position. C1 Univ Missouri, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnershp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Environm Assessment Team, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Diamond, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnershp, 4220 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 129 EP 140 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 668AJ UT WOS:000182267800005 ER PT J AU Wahab, MA Islam, MA Ali, MA Mottaleb, MA AF Wahab, MA Islam, MA Ali, MA Mottaleb, MA TI Evaluation of excess molar volumes of n-butanol with nitrobenzene-aniline-acetonitrile binary liquid mixtures at temperatures of 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15K SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE excess molar volumes; binary liquid mixtures; n-butanol; nitrobenzene; aniline; acetonitrile AB The excess molar volumes (V-m(E)) of binary liquid mixture defined here: n-butanol and nitrobenzene, n-butanol and aniline, and n-butanol and acetonitrile have been determined as a function of mole fraction of n-butanol at temperatures of 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15K by a calibrated bi-capillary pycnometer. The V-m(E) were obtained as negative values over the entire composition range in the order of n-butanol + nitrobenzene, < n-butanol + aniline, and < n-butanol + acetonitrile systems. The negative magnitude of V-m(E) suggests the presence of specific intermolecular interaction in the three liquid mixtures. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Coll Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Rajshahi Univ, Dept Chem, Phys Chem Res Lab, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9104 J9 PHYS CHEM LIQ JI Phys. Chem. Liq. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1080/00031910031000079899 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 671TR UT WOS:000182480600009 ER PT J AU McDowell, N Brooks, JR Fitzgerald, SA Bond, BJ AF McDowell, N Brooks, JR Fitzgerald, SA Bond, BJ TI Carbon isotope discrimination and growth response of old Pinus ponderosa trees to stand density reductions SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; carbon isotopes; forest management; old growth; stem growth; tree rings ID SAPWOOD AREA; WATER-BALANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; BASAL AREA; RINGS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FOLIAGE; RADIATA AB Stand density reductions have been proposed as a method by which old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ) forests of North America can be converted back to pre-1900 conditions, thereby reducing the danger of catastrophic forest fires and insect attacks while increasing the productivity of the remaining old-growth individuals. However, the duration of productivity response of individual trees and the physiological mechanisms underlying such a response remain speculative issues, particularly in old trees. Tree-ring measurements of carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) and basal area increment (BAI) were used to assess the response of intrinsic water-use efficiency (the ratio of photosynthesis, A to stomatal conductance, g ) and growth of individual> 250-year-old-ponderosa pine trees to stand density reductions. It was hypothesized that reductions in stand density would increase soil moisture availability, thus decreasing canopy A/g and increasing carbon isotope discrimination (Delta). Cellulose-delta(13)C of annual tree rings, soil water availability (estimated from pre-dawn leaf water potential), photosynthetic capacity, stem basal growth and xylem anatomy were measured in individual trees within three pairs of thinned and un-thinned stands. The thinned stands were treated 7 to 15 years prior to measurement. The values of delta(13)C and BAI were assessed for 20 consecutive years overlapping the date of thinning in a single intensively studied stand, and was measured for 3 years on either side of the date of thinning for the two other stands to assess the generality of the response. After thinning, Delta increased by 0.89parts per thousand (+/- 0.15parts per thousand). The trees in the un-thinned stands showed no change in Delta (0.00parts per thousand +/- 0.04parts per thousand). In the intensively studied trees, significant differences were expressed in the first growing season after the thinning took place but it took 6 years before the full 0.89parts per thousand difference was observed. BAI doubled or tripled after disturbance, depending on the stand, and the increased BAI lasted up to 15 years after thinning. In the intensively studied trees, the BAI response did not begin until 3 years after the Delta response, peaked 1 year after the Delta peak, and then BAI and Delta oscillated in unison. The lag between BAI and Delta was not due to slow changes in anatomical properties of the sapwood, because tracheid dimensions and sapwood-specific conductivity remained unchanged after disturbance. The Delta response of thinned trees indicated that A /g decreased after thinning. Photosynthetic capacity, as indexed by foliar nitrogen ([N]) and by the relationship between photosynthesis and internal CO2 (A-C-i curves), was unchanged by thinning, confirming our suspicion that the decline in A /g was due to a relatively greater increase in g in comparison with A . Model estimates agreed with this conclusion, predicting that g increased by nearly 25% after thinning relative to a 15% increase in A . Pre-dawn leaf water potential averaged 0.11 MPa (+/- 0.03 MPa) less negative for the thinned compared with the un-thinned trees in all stands, and was strongly correlated with Delta post-thinning (R-2 = 0.91). There was a strong relationship between BAI and modelled A , suggesting that changes in water availability and g have a significant effect on carbon assimilation and growth of these old trees. These results confirm that stand density reductions result in increased growth of individual trees via increased stomatal conductance. Furthermore, they show that a physiological response to stand density reductions can last for up to 15 years in old ponderosa pines if stand leaf area is not fully re-established. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McDowell, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES-6,MSD-462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 69 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 631 EP 644 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00999.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 663MP UT WOS:000182009600015 ER PT J AU Ferguson, D Battelle, BM AF Ferguson, D Battelle, BM TI Non-polluting metal surface finishing pretreatment & pretreatment/conversion coating SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article AB Picklex(R), a proprietary formulation, is an alternative to conventional metal surface pretreatments and is claimed not to produce waste or lower production or performance. A laboratory program was designed to evaluate and compare the process in common, large-scale, polluting surface finishing operations with conventional processes, using steel and aluminum panels, measuring product coating properties, process operability and costs. Twenty-one, surface finishing combinations were tested under both "contaminated" and "non-contaminated" conditions with respect to finish adhesion, bending, impact, hardness and corrosion resistance. Results. indicated that Picklex(R) pretreated panels performed as well as panels that were conventionally pretreated, and with a simpler process. It was particularly acceptable for powder-coated steel or aluminum, but may pot be applicable to certain metal plates. The results are interpreted in terms of the Surface film produced by Picklex(R). A use rate of 133 m(2)/L. (5,400 ft(2)/gal) was estimated. Picklex(R) did not generate by-product waste solids, was effective at room temperature, used short processing times and was easy to use. A field study in an actual powder coating shop was conducted to validate the lab results. An engineering assessment indicated that there are cost advantages as well. This paper focuses on the field study. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RP Ferguson, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD APR PY 2003 VL 90 IS 4 BP 66 EP 75 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 667GX UT WOS:000182223900009 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, S Koleva, Y Lewis, M Breton, R Veith, G Mekenyan, O AF Dimitrov, S Koleva, Y Lewis, M Breton, R Veith, G Mekenyan, O TI Modeling mode of action of industrial chemicals: Application using chemicals on Canada's Domestic Substances List (DSL) SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE QSAR; mode of toxic action; Fathead minnow; (Pimephales promelas) ID ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES; RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; FATHEAD MINNOW; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; FISH; MECHANISMS; NARCOSIS AB Traditionally quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) are derived on the assumption that similar chemicals should behave in a toxicologically similar manner. The development of mechanistic models for acute toxicity requires the chemical classification to be based on similar mode of toxic action. Currently, the classification approaches used to predict the mode of toxic action are predominantly based on chemical fragments and, to a lesser extent, on their electronic properties: The discrete nature of the fragment-based approach, however, yields a classification that does not consider the electronic features of the entire chemical that has "continuous character". The present study is based on the assumption that chemicals with the same mode of toxic action should possess commonality in their steric and electronic structure. The Common REactivity PAtterns (COREPA) approach has been applied to define the global physical properties and quantum-chemical descriptors best clustering chemicals according to their behavioural mode of action (MOA). The derived COREPA models for each mode were translated into decision trees and applied to screen the organic chemicals on Canada's Domestic Substances List (DSL) for their mode of toxic action. C1 Univ Prof As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. Cadmus Grp Inc, Ottawa, ON K2A 3X9, Canada. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Dimitrov, S (reprint author), Univ Prof As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390006 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VV UT WOS:000184647900002 ER PT J AU Carlsen, L Walker, JD AF Carlsen, L Walker, JD TI QSARs for prioritizing PBT substances to promote pollution prevention SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE PBT criteria; EPI suite; partial order ranking; Hasse diagram; decision support ID PARTIAL ORDER RANKING; CHEMICALS; BIOCONCENTRATION AB The selection of Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) substances constitutes an important task in the possible regulation of chemicals. Due to the shortage of experimental data, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) estimates for these endpoints appear as an attractive alternative. In the present study, biodegradation, bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity estimates were obtained using the BioWin, BCFWin and ECOSAR modules of the EPI suite. Partial order theory was used to rank QSAR-based PBT substances. The proposed approach is suggested as a decision support tool to facilitate subsequent pollution prevention activities by regulated and regulatory communities. C1 Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Technol & Social Studies, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Carlsen, L (reprint author), Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Technol & Social Studies, POB 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI Carlsen, Lars/D-9058-2012 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VV UT WOS:000184647900005 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, SD Dimitrova, NC Walker, JD Veith, GD Mekenyan, OG AF Dimitrov, SD Dimitrova, NC Walker, JD Veith, GD Mekenyan, OG TI Bioconcentration potential predictions based on molecular attributes - an early warning approach for chemicals found in humans, birds, fish and wildlife SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE POPS; PBT; BCF; bioconcentration factor; QSAR ID DIPHENYL ETHERS PBDES; BINDING-AFFINITY; SYSTEM; ORGANOCHLORINE; SUBSTANCES; ALGORITHM; PCDDS; PCDFS; FATE; PCBS AB The bioaccumulation potential of chemicals is used to indicate when chemicals are likely to contaminate fish, birds and other wildlife, and humans. Together with knowledge of the persistence of chemicals, the bioaccumulation potential is useful in setting priorities for hazard identification as well as environmental monitoring. Because the measurement of the bioaccumulation potential is costly, developing reliable estimates of this important indicator directly from chemical structure has long been a goal of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) practitioners. Many previous models for predicting bioconcentration factors (BCF) for organic chemicals have been based on linear and bilinear relationships between log(BCF) and octanol-water partition coefficient (log(K-ow)), some of which also included other structural parameters such as structural correction factors or molecular connectivity indices, Fujita's characters, etc. Most of these BCF models have been derived for predicting passive diffusion of chemicals with log. octanol-water partition coefficients log(K-ow) <7. Most previous models showed large discrepancy for large number of chemicals (predominantly highly lipophilic) found in humans and fish. The effect of steric molecular attributes on predicting BCF was studied using 694 chemicals with available experimental BCF and K-ow values. It was found that maximum cross sectional diameters and conformational flexibility of chemicals affect significantly bioconcentration and could be used to explain identification of certain highly hydrophobic chemicals in humans and fish. C1 Bourgas Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Dimitrov, SD (reprint author), Bourgas Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 58 EP 68 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390005 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VV UT WOS:000184647900006 ER PT J AU Walkers, JD Fang, H Perkins, R Tong, WD AF Walkers, JD Fang, H Perkins, R Tong, WD TI QSARs for endocrine disruption priority setting database 2: The integrated 4-phase model SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE QSARs; receptor binding; estrogen; EDPSD; integrated 4-phase ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BINDING; ASSAY; PREDICTION; CHEMICALS; SYSTEM; SMILES AB Version 2 of the Endocrine Disruption Priority Setting Database (EDPSD2) is a decision support tool developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EDPSD2 is organized into 4 categories (exposure-related, effects-related, combined exposure-and effects-related and. specially-targeted priorities) that are supported by several compartments and information sources. The effects-related category includes a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship compartment that is supported by two models for predicting estrogen receptor binding affinities of chemicals in EDPSD2. This paper describes the categories and compartments of EDPSD2 and the use of the Integrated 4-Phase model to predict the estrogen receptor binding affinities of chemicals in EDPSD2. C1 US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Walkers, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 89 EP 105 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390009 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 709VV UT WOS:000184647900009 ER PT J AU Grace, P Roberts, DW Walter, JD AF Grace, P Roberts, DW Walter, JD TI QSARs for the skin sensitization potential of aldehydes and related compounds SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Quantative Structure-Activity Relationships Workshop on Environmental Sciences CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE structure activity relationship; skin sensitization; local lymph node assay; aldehydes; ketones ID LYMPH-NODE ASSAY AB Although not all aldehydes are skin sensitizers, many of them, covering a diverse range of structures, show varying degrees of sensitization potential. Based on consideration of their reaction chemistry, it is possible to identify structural features associated with sensitization potential or the lack of it. Many aldehydes, including several fragrance allergens, can sensitize by Schiff base formation. A QSAR based on reactivity and hydrophobicity parameters has been developed for these aldehydes. The QSAR can be extended to include 1,2-diketones, which can also react by Schiff base formation. The findings indicate that for skin sensitization, as for several other areas of toxicology, chemicals are better classified in terms of their reaction chemistry rather than in terms of their functional groups, i.e., based on mechanisms of action as opposed to chemical class. C1 Unilever Res & Dev, Safety & Environm Assurance Ctr, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, Beds, England. Unilever Res Port Sunlight, Wirral, Merseyside, England. US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grace, P (reprint author), Unilever Res & Dev, Safety & Environm Assurance Ctr, Colworth House, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, Beds, England. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 196 EP + PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 723LT UT WOS:000185434400004 ER PT J AU Enache, M Dearden, JC Walker, JD AF Enache, M Dearden, JC Walker, JD TI QSAR analysis of metal ion toxicity data in sunflower callus cultures (Helianthus annuus "Sunspot") SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships Workshop on Environmental Sciences CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE QSAR; metal ions; toxicity; sunflower; callus culture ID SOFTNESS; ACIDS; BASES AB Toxicity data in sunflower callus cultures were determined for 12 metal ions: Ca(II),. Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), K(I), Li(I), Mg(II), Mn(II), Na(I), Ni(II), Zn(II) and La(III). Based on fresh and dry weight measurements, in vitro EC(50) values in solution and in callus tissue were determined. The correlations of the two toxicity data sets were modest. Pearson's correlation analysis of the toxicity data set determined in callus tissue and numerous parameters considered relevant in OSAR analysis showed the existence of a lower number of significant relationships, compared to the analogous analysis of EC(50), values in solution. Presented here are the corresponding significant regression equations. Different types of properties appeared to correlate with toxicity, making it difficult to identify their potential significance, for example properties of the metallic state like densities, atomic properties like atomic radii and ionisation energies, chemical properties of metals like electronegativity and other surrogate measures considered to reflect qualities affecting interaction with ligands included as the chemical softness parameter, the covalent index, the first hydrolysis constant, quantitative measures of the stability of a metal complex in solution and hydration data. C1 US EPA, ITC, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, ITC, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM walker.johnd@epa.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.1002/qsar.200390017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 723LT UT WOS:000185434400009 ER PT J AU Higuchi, TT Palmer, JS Gray, LE Veeramachaneni, DNR AF Higuchi, TT Palmer, JS Gray, LE Veeramachaneni, DNR TI Effects of dibutyl phthalate in male rabbits following in utero, adolescent, or postpubertal exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE DBP; reproductive toxicity; abnormal male sexual differentiation; ejaculated sperm counts; atypical germ cells; semen quality; testosterone ID CARCINOMA-IN-SITU; MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; INDUCED TESTICULAR ATROPHY; N-PENTYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; MALE-RAT; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE AB We evaluated sequelae in male rabbits following exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) at a dose level known to adversely affect testicular function in rodents without causing systemic toxicity. Because rabbits have a relatively long phase of reproductive development simulating better than rodents the reproductive development of humans, and because the use of rabbits facilitates multiple evaluations of mating ability and seminal quality, we used this animal model. Rabbits were exposed to 0 or 400 mg DBP/kg/day in utero (gestation days [GD] 15-29) or during adolescence (postnatal weeks [PNW] 4-12), and male offspring were examined at 6, 12, and 25 weeks of age. Another group was exposed after puberty (for 12 weeks) and examined at the conclusion of exposure. The most pronounced reproductive effects were in male rabbits exposed in utero. Male offspring in this group exhibited reduction in numbers of ejaculated sperm (down 43 h; p < 0.01), in weights of testes (at 12 weeks, down 23%; p < 0.05) and in accessory sex glands (at 12 and 25 weeks, down 36%; p < 0.01 and down 27%; p < 0.05, respectively). Serum testosterone levels were down (at 6 weeks, 32 /c; p < 0.05); a slight increase in histological alterations of the testis (p < 0.05) and a doubling in the percentage (from 16 to 30%, p < 0.01) of abnormal sperm; and 1/17 males manifesting hypospadias, hypoplastic prostate, and cryptorchid testes with carcinoma in situ-like cells. In the DBP group exposed during adolescence, basal serum testosterone levels were reduced at 6 weeks (p < 0.01) while at 12 weeks, testosterone production in vivo failed to respond normally, to a GnRH challenge (p < 0.01). In addition, weight of accessory sex glands was reduced at 12 weeks but not at 25 weeks after a recovery period; there was a slight increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm in the ejaculate; and 1/11 males was unilaterally cryptorchid. In both of these DBP-treated groups, daily, sperm production, epididymal sperm counts, mating ability, and weights of body, and nonreproductive organs were unaffected. Thus, DBP induces lesions in the reproductive system of the rabbit, with the intrauterine period being the most sensitive stage of life. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Veeramachaneni, DNR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD07031] NR 59 TC 92 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 2 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg036 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 662DP UT WOS:000181931200017 PM 12655036 ER PT J AU Binkowski, FS Roselle, SJ AF Binkowski, FS Roselle, SJ TI Models-3 community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model aerosol component - 1. Model description SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE models-3/CMAQ; PM; air quality modeling; visibility; aerosol species ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; ABSORPTION-MODEL; DYNAMICS; SIZE; NUCLEATION; EQUILIBRIUM; GROWTH; EXTINCTION; SIMULATION AB The aerosol component of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is designed to be an efficient and economical depiction of aerosol dynamics in the atmosphere. The approach taken represents the particle size distribution as the superposition of three lognormal subdistributions, called modes. The processes of coagulation, particle growth by the addition of mass, and new particle formation, are included. Time stepping is done with analytical solutions to the differential equations for the conservation of number, surface area, and species mass. The component considers both PM2.5 and PM10 and includes estimates of the primary emissions of elemental and organic carbon, dust, and other species not further specified. Secondary species considered are sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, water, and secondary organics from precursors of anthropogenic and biogenic origin. Extinction of visible light by aerosols is represented by two methods: a parametric approximation to Mie extinction and an empirical approach based upon field data. The algorithms that simulate cloud interactions with aerosols are also described. Results from box model and three-dimensional simulations are exhibited. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Binkowski, FS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD 80, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM frank_binkowski@unc.edu NR 67 TC 319 Z9 326 U1 11 U2 85 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D6 AR 4183 DI 10.1029/2001JD001409 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677QA UT WOS:000182818000003 ER PT J AU Mebust, MR Eder, BK Binkowski, FS Roselle, SJ AF Mebust, MR Eder, BK Binkowski, FS Roselle, SJ TI Models-3 community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model aerosol component - 2. Model evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Models-3/CMAQ; PM; model evaluation; air quality modeling; visibility; aerosol species ID MASS CONCENTRATIONS; MECHANISM AB An initial evaluation of the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model aerosol component reveals CMAQ's varying ability to simulate observed visibility indices and aerosol species concentrations. The visibility evaluation, using National Weather Service observations from 139 airports for 11-15 July 1995, shows that CMAQ reasonably captured the general spatial and temporal patterns of visibility degradation, including major gradients, maxima and minima. However, CMAQ's two visibility prediction methods, Mie theory approximation and mass reconstruction, both underpredict visibility degradation (i.e., overpredict visibility). The mean bias, normalized mean bias (NMB), mean error and normalized mean error (NME) for the Mie calculations are -5.9 dv, -21.7%, 7.0 dv and 25.4%, respectively. For the reconstruction simulations, these statistics are -9.8 dv, -35.5%, 10.0 dv and 36.2%, respectively. Most simulated values (similar to90% Mie and similar to85% reconstruction) fall within a factor of two of the observations, although r(2)=0.25 (Mie) and r(2)=0.24 (reconstruction). The speciated aerosol evaluation uses observations of sulfate, nitrate, PM2.5, PM10 and organic carbon obtained from 18 stations of the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network in June 1995. This evaluation reveals that, with the exception of sulfate (mean bias: 0.15 mug/m(3), NMB: 3.1%), the model consistently underpredicts aerosol concentrations of nitrate (-0.10 mug/m(3), -33.1%), PM2.5 (-3.9 mug/m(3), -30.1%), PM10 (-5.66 mug/m(3), -29.2%) and organic carbon (-0.78 mug/m(3), -33.7%). Sulfate was simulated best by the model (r(2)=0.63, mean error=1.75 mug/m(3), NME=36.2%), followed by PM2.5 (0.55, 5.00 mug/m(3), 38.5%), organic carbon (0.25, 0.94 mug/m(3), 40.6%), PM10 (0.13, 9.85 mug/m(3), 50.8%) and nitrate (0.01, 0.33 mug/m(3), 104.3%). Except for nitrate, 75-80% of simulated concentrations fall within a factor of two of the IMPROVE observations. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mebust, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mmebust@hpcc.epa.gov NR 32 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D6 AR 4184 DI 10.1029/2001JD001410 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677QA UT WOS:000182818000004 ER PT J AU Faustini, JM Jones, JA AF Faustini, JM Jones, JA TI Influence of large woody debris on channel morphology and dynamics in steep, boulder-rich mountain streams, western Cascades, Oregon SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE woody debris; channel stability; stream cross sections; longitudinal profile; sediment ID GRAVEL-BED STREAM; EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; DRAINAGE BASINS; ORGANIC DEBRIS; HYDRAULICS; STABILITY; BEDROCK; RIVERS; MATTER AB This study used 20-year records of stream channel change and wood to test hypotheses about the long-term influence of large woody debris (LWD) on channel morphology, channel stability, and sediment dynamics in a steep, boulder-rich mountain stream. We compared two nearly adjacent reaches of third-order Mack Creek over the period 1978-1997 after virtually all wood was removed from the channel of the lower reach in 1964. We assessed the long-term legacy of wood removal using repeated cross-section surveys, streamflow data, LWD inventory data, and detailed mapping and longitudinal profile surveys. At each of 11 cross sections in the upper reach and 19 in the lower reach, we calculated areas of scour and fill in response to the two largest floods in the record. We used quasi-likelihood logistic regression models to test the proportion of each reach that experienced change between consecutive surveys over the entire record (1978-1997) as a function of flood return periods. The longitudinal profile of the site without LWD was more variable than the reach with LWD at the finest scale (similar to 1 m) due to a greater frequency of boulder steps, but the reach with LWD was more variable at the channel unit scale. LWD-created steps 1 to 2.5 m high in the wood-rich reach accounted for nearly 30% of the total channel fall and created low-gradient upstream channel segments one to three channel widths long. As a result, both reaches have the same average slope (about 9%), but nearly three times as much of the channel in the wood-rich reach had a slope of less than or equal to 5% as in the reach without wood (20.4% of total channel length vs. 7.5% of channel length). The reach with abundant LWD was less responsive to moderate streamflow events (return period < similar to 5 years), but it responded similarly to peak flows with a return period of about 10 to 25 years. Although the average magnitude of crosssection changes was the same during the largest flood in the record (25-year return period), the reach without LWD experienced scour and coarsening of the bed surface, whereas the reach with LWD experienced aggradation upstream of LWD features. Mack Creek may be representative of many steep mountain streams in which channel structure is strongly influenced by nonfluvial processes: a legacy of large boulders from glacial or mass movement processes and a legacy of dead wood from ecological processes. Sediment-limited mountain streams with large boulders, when deprived of LWD, appear to exhibit less morphological variation at the channel unit scale, to store less sediment, and to release it more readily than those with LWD. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Faustini, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 NR 53 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 187 EP 205 AR PII S0169-555X(02)00336-7 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00336-7 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 657KU UT WOS:000181666100011 ER PT J AU Gorski, PR Cleckner, LB Hurley, JP Sierszen, ME Armstrong, DE AF Gorski, PR Cleckner, LB Hurley, JP Sierszen, ME Armstrong, DE TI Factors afffecting enhanced mercury bioaccumulation in inland lakes of Isle Royale National Park, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY OCT 15-19, 2001 CL MINAMATA, JAPAN DE mercury; methylmercury; zooplankton; yellow perch; northern pike; stable isotopes; delta C-13; delta N-15; food web; trophic level; biomagnification; bioavailability ID FOOD-CHAIN STRUCTURE; METHYL MERCURY; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS; INDIVIDUAL ZOOPLANKTON; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HEXAGENIA-RIGIDA; CARBON ISOTOPES; SHIELD LAKES AB We investigated factors causing mercury (Hg) concentrations in northern pike to exceed the consumption advisory level (>500 ng/g) in some inland lakes of Isle Royale National Park. Using Hg-clean techniques, we collected water, zooplankton, macro invertebrates, and fishes in 1998 and 1999 from one advisory lake, Sargent Lake, for analysis of total mercury (Hg-T) and methylmercury (MeHg). For comparison, samples were also collected from a non-advisory lake, Lake Richie. Concentrations of Hg-T in northern pike were significantly higher in Sargent Lake (P < 0.01). Counter to expectations, mean concentrations of both Hg-T and MeHg in open water samples were slightly higher in Lake Richie. However, zooplankton in Sargent Lake contained higher average concentrations of Hg-T and MeHg than in Lake Richie. Mercury concentrations in macro invertebrates were similar between lakes, but different between taxa. The two lakes exhibited similar Hg-T concentrations in age-1 yellow perch and adult perch but concentrations in large adult perch (>160 mm) in Sargent Lake were twice the concentrations in Lake Richie. Analysis of stable isotopes (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) in biota showed that pike from the two lakes are positioned at the same trophic level (4.2 and 4.3), but that the food web is more pelagic-based in Sargent and benthic-based in Richie. Factors causing concentrations in large pike to be higher in Sargent Lake may include higher bioavailability of methylmercury and a food web that enhances bioaccumulation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Monona, WI 53716 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Gorski, PR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 66 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 304 IS 1-3 BP 327 EP 348 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00579-X DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00579-X PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669YA UT WOS:000182377700029 PM 12663194 ER PT J AU Cooper, C Lin, YS Gonzalez, M AF Cooper, C Lin, YS Gonzalez, M TI Synthesis and characterization of LIX-84 noncovalently bound silica sorbents for metal-ion recovery SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SELECTIVE REMOVAL; COPPER IONS; MEMBRANES; SEPARATION; LEAD AB Mesoporous silica particles were modified with LIX-84 (2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenome oxime). LIX-84 was attached to the surface of silica via noncovalent forces. The effects of silica particle size, pore size, temperature, and pH on metal-ion-exchange properties were studied to characterize metal ion adsorption properties for chelating groups noncovalently bound to the surface of silica. The adsorbent had a capacity of 0.6 mmol of Cu2+/g of adsorbent at room temperature and a capacity of 1.1 mmol Of Cu2+/g of adsorbent at 60 degreesC. Depending on the solution pH, the adsorbent had varying capacity for Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+. The adsorbent was found to have good stability and gave high metal recovery when regenerated with 2 vol % nitric acid. An increased ion-exchange rate was achieved and was attributed to the use of larger pore size silica. The silica was found to contain from 5 to 7 wt % LIX-84. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Green Chem & Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lin, YS (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, ML 171, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Lin, Jerry/F-1235-2010 OI Lin, Jerry/0000-0001-5905-8336 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1253 EP 1260 DI 10.1021/ie0203429 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 655UG UT WOS:000181570600016 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Wallschlager, D Ford, RG AF Wilkin, RT Wallschlager, D Ford, RG TI Speciation of arsenic in sulfidic waters SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-THIOMETALATE TRANSPORT; EXISTING EXPERIMENTAL-DATA; ACTIVE TRACE-ELEMENTS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NATURAL-WATERS; GROUNDWATER; SOLUBILITY; AS(III); PYRITE AB Formation constants for thioarsenite species have been determined in dilute solutions at 25 degreesC, SigmaH(2)S from 10(-7.5) to 10(-3.0) M, SigmaAs from 10(-5.6) to 10(-4.8) M, and pH 7 and 10. The principal inorganic arsenic species in anoxic aquatic systems are arsenite, As(OH)(3)(0), and a mononuclear thioarsenite with an S/As ratio of 3 : 1. Thioarsenic species with S/As ratios of 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 4 : 1 are lesser components in sulfidic solutions that might be encountered in natural aquatic environments. Thioarsenites dominate arsenic speciation at sulfide concentrations > 10(-4.3) M at neutral pH. Conversion from neutral As(OH)(3)(0) to anionic thioarsenite species may regulate the transport and fate of arsenic in sulfate-reducing environments by governing sorption and mineral precipitation reactions. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 44 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD MAR 18 PY 2003 VL 4 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1039/b211188h PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 658HQ UT WOS:000181715900001 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Whitehurst, ME Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG AF Brown, JW Whitehurst, ME Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG TI Hypothalamic temperature modulation does not attenuate the hypothermic response to hemorrhage SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1265 EP A1265 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902411 ER PT J AU Mack, CM Becker, PB Gordon, CJ AF Mack, CM Becker, PB Gordon, CJ TI Cholinergic stimulation induces hypothermia in juvenile rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1268 EP A1268 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902426 ER PT J AU Martonen, T Schroeter, J Fleming, J AF Martonen, T Schroeter, J Fleming, J TI Computer simulations of asthma SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ERC MD66, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Southampton Gen Hosp, Southampton SO9 4XY, Hants, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1046 EP A1046 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901385 ER PT J AU Miller, T Schaefer, F AF Miller, T Schaefer, F TI Changes in mouse circulating T-lymphocyte numbers during a normal cryptosporidium muris infection and after a single injection of methylprednisolone acetate SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1069 EP A1069 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901495 ER PT J AU Poirier, KA Cicmanec, J Abernathy, CO Donohue, JM AF Poirier, KA Cicmanec, J Abernathy, CO Donohue, JM TI Comparison of the nutritional requirements and risk assessment for essential trace elements (ETEs) by the Institute of Medicine (TOM) and USEPA: Selenium, a case study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Kendle Int Inc, Regulatory Safety & CQA, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. US EPA, NRML, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1164 EP A1164 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901934 ER PT J AU Waters, SB Styblo, M Thomas, D AF Waters, SB Styblo, M Thomas, D TI Rat cyt19 encodes arsenic methyltransferase and reductase functions SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A978 EP A979 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901060 ER PT J AU Peng, M Vane, LM Liu, SX AF Peng, M Vane, LM Liu, SX TI Recent advances in VOCs removal from water by pervaporation SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds (VOCs); contaminated soil remediation; membrane; pervaporation; industrial wastewater treatment ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; POLYMER MEMBRANES; DISSOLVED ORGANICS; PDMS MEMBRANES; SEPARATION; MIXTURES AB Pervaporation (PV) is a separation process in which minor components of a liquid mixture are preferentially transported by partial vaporization through a non-porous permselective (selectively permeable) membrane. PV is an emerging technology in environment cleanup operations, especially in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial wastewaters or contaminated groundwaters. Current state of PV membrane development in VOC removal and improvement in process engineering, and better understanding of the interactions between VOCs and membrane materials are reviewed. Among PV process parameters documented here are process temperature, permeate pressure, feed concentration, and feed flow rate. The effects of these parameters on PV selectivity and permeation flux have been studied extensively and these studies have borne fruit in a better understanding of many aspects of PV processes. The challenge in implementing PV in practical operations lies in the further enhancement of membrane quality for specific VOCs as well as improved management and control of possible adverse hurdles coming from real systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM liu@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 66 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00360-6 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659XU UT WOS:000181804600005 PM 12628778 ER PT J AU Yang, JH Derr-Yellin, EC Kodavanti, PRS AF Yang, JH Derr-Yellin, EC Kodavanti, PRS TI Alterations in brain protein kinase C isoforms following developmental exposure to a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs CY AUG 13-17, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA DE polychlorinated biphenyls; neurotoxicity; protein kinase C isoforms; development; cerebellum; hippocampus; intracellular signaling ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN; THYROID-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLUTAMATE EXOCYTOSIS; COMMERCIAL MIXTURE; MUTANT MICE; PCB MIXTURE; AROCLOR-1254 AB PCBs have been shown to alter several neurochemical end-points and are implicated in the etiology of some neurological diseases. Recent in vivo studies from our laboratory indicated that developmental exposure to a commercial PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254(R), caused perturbations in calcium homeostasis and changes in protein kinase C (PKC) activities in rat brain. However, it is not known which molecular substances are targets for PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Since the PKC signaling pathway has been implicated in the modulation of motor behavior as well as learning and memory, and the roles of PKC are subspecies specific, the present study attempted to analyze the effects on selected PKC isozymes in the cerebellum and the hippocampus following developmental exposure (gestational day 6 through postnatal day 21) to a PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254. The results indicated that the developmental exposure to PCBs caused significant hypothyroxinemia and age-dependent alterations in the translocation of PKC isozymes; the effects were greatly significant at postnatal day (PND) 14. Immunoblot analysis of PKC-alpha (alpha) from both cerebellum and hippocampus revealed that developmental exposure to Aroclor 1254 caused a significant decrease in cytosolic fraction and an increase in particulate fraction. There was no significant difference between these two brain regions on the level of fractional changes. However, the ratio between the fractions (particulate/cytosol) from cerebellum only was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of PKC-gamma (gamma) in cerebellum on PND14 showed a decrease in cytosolic fraction in both dose groups and an increase in particulate fraction at high dose (6 mg/kg) only. The ratio between the two fractions was increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the hippocampus, there was a significant decrease in PKC-gamma in cytosolic fraction of the high-dose group and a significant increase in particulate fraction of the low-dose group. But, the ratio between the fractions showed a significant increase (2.6-fold increase in high dose on PND14). Analysis of PKC-epsilon (epsilon) in cerebellum showed a significant decrease in cytosolic fraction at PND14, while particulate PKC-E was unchanged. But in hippocampus, there was a significant decrease in cytosolic PKC-epsilon and an increase in ratio between fractions at 6 mg/kg on PND14. The results from this study indicate that the patterns of subcellular distributions of PKC isoforms following a developmental PCB exposure were PKC isozyme- and developmental stage-specific. Considering the significant role of PKC signaling in motor behavior, learning and memory, it is suggested that altered subcellular distribution of PKC isoforms at critical periods of brain development may be a possible mechanism of PCB-induced neurotoxic effects and that PKC-alpha, gamma, and epsilon may be among the target molecules implicated with PCB-induced neurological impairments during developmental exposure. It is believed that this is the first report successfully identifying PKC isoforms responding to PCBs during developmental exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol,Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol,Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, MD 74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 61 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00697-6 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 667ZE UT WOS:000182264500014 ER PT J AU Pakdeesusuk, U Jones, WJ Lee, CM Garrison, AW O'Niell, WL Freedman, DL Coates, JT Wong, CS AF Pakdeesusuk, U Jones, WJ Lee, CM Garrison, AW O'Niell, WL Freedman, DL Coates, JT Wong, CS TI Changes in enantiomeric fractions during microbial reductive dechlorination of PCB132, PCB149, and aroclor 1254 in Lake Hartwell sediment microcosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATROPISOMERIC POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ANAEROBIC DECHLORINATION; CHIRAL HERBICIDE; IN-SITU; MICROORGANISMS; POLYCHLOROBIPHENYLS; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; SULFATE AB The enantioselectivity of microbial reductive dechlorination of chiral PCBs in sediments from Lake Hartwell, SC, was determined by microcosm studies and enantiomer-specific GC analysis. Sediments from two locations in the vicinity of the highest levels of PCB contamination were used as inocula. Dechlorination activity was monitored by concentration decreases in the spiked chiral PCBs and formation of dechlorination products using both achiral and chiral chromatography. Live microcosms spiked with PCB132 (234-236) exhibited dechlorination of PCB132 to PCB91 (236-24) and PCB51 (24-26). Meta dechlorination was the dominant mechanism. Microcosms spiked with PCB149 (245-236) exhibited preferential para dechlorination of PCB149 to PCB95 (236-25), followed by meta dechlorination to PCB53 (25-26) and subsequently PCB19 (26-2). Dechlorination of chiral PCB132 and PCB149 was not enantioselective. In Aroclor 1254-spiked microcosms, reductive dechlorination of PCB149 also was nonenantioselective. These results suggest that dechlorinating enzymes responsible for the dehalogenation of the chiral PCB132 and PCB149 congeners bind the two enantiomers equally. Reductive dechlorination of PCB91 and PCB95, however, occurred in an enantioselective manner, indicating that the dechlorinating enzymes for these PCBs are enantiomer-specific. The chlorine substitution pattern on the biphenyl ring appears to influence whether reductive dechlorination of chiral PCB congeners is enantioselective. Enantioselective PCB dechlorination by the microbial population of Lake Hartwell sediments occurs for select chiral PCBs; thus, certain chiral PCBs might be useful as markers for in situ reductive dechlorination. These results represent the first evidence of stereoselective reductive dechlorination of PCBs under controlled conditions. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. RP Lee, CM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Lee, Cindy/A-4615-2008; Wong, Charles/B-4215-2012; OI Wong, Charles/0000-0002-5743-2942; Lee, Cindy/0000-0003-4058-8251 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1021/es026039g PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656VH UT WOS:000181629700008 PM 12680661 ER PT J AU Wikstrom, E Ryan, S Touati, A Telfer, M Tabor, D Gullett, BK AF Wikstrom, E Ryan, S Touati, A Telfer, M Tabor, D Gullett, BK TI Importance of chlorine speciation on de Novo formation of polychlorinated dihenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCINERATOR FLY-ASH; ORGANIC CHLORINE; RESIDUAL CARBON; MUNICIPAL WASTE; COMBUSTION; BIPHENYLS; OXIDATION; EMISSIONS; BENZENES; MIXTURES AB The role of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) has been studied thoroughly in an entrained flow reactor during simulated waste combustion. The effects of gas-phase chlorine species such as chlorine (Cl-2), hydrogen chloride (NCl), and chlorine radicals (Cl.) as well as ash-bound chlorine, on PCDD/F de novo formation were isolated for investigation. The ash-bound chlorine alone was observed to be a sufficient chlorine source for PCDD/F formation. The addition of HCl to the system did not influence the yields of the PCDDs/Fs nor the degree of chlorination due to its poor chlorinating ability. Addition of 200 PPM of Cl-2 to the ash-feed system resulted in increased PCDD/F yields, especially for the octaand hepta-chlorinated congeners. Altering the reaction temperature to enable the presence of only Cl-2 to the system did not change the yields of PCDD/F compared to those when both Cl-2/Cl. were present. However, comparison between ash-bound and gas-phase chlorine, the latter at a concentration typical of a realistic combustion process, revealed ash-bound chlorine to be the more important chlorine source for de novo formation of PCDD/F in a full-scale incinerator. C1 US EPA, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Technol Branch, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1113 DI 10.1021/es026262d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656VH UT WOS:000181629700009 PM 12680662 ER PT J AU Linares, E Nakao, LS Augusto, O Kadiiska, MB AF Linares, E Nakao, LS Augusto, O Kadiiska, MB TI EPR studies of in vivo radical production by lipopolysaccharide: Potential role of iron mobilized from iron-nitrosyl complexes SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; sepsis; free radicals; nitric oxide; redox-active iron; hydroxyl radical; EPR; spin trapping; Fenton chemistry ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IN-VIVO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; SEPSIS SYNDROME; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEPTIC SHOCK; PEROXYNITRITE; METABOLISM AB Although oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis, there is little evidence for the formation of radicals other than nitric oxide in its experimental models. Here we used low temperature EPR and EPR spin trapping to monitor nitric oxide and secondary radical formation in blood, liver, and bile samples from rats treated with a low lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dose (0.25 mg) and with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-t-butylnitrone (POBN). The results showed that production of secondary radicals triggered by LPS is delayed in regard to maximum nitric oxide synthesis and is iron-dependent. One of the secondary produced radicals was identified as the hydroxyl radical. Its formation is proposed to occur because of the mobilization of redox-active iron required to repair the nitrosyl complexes produced by LPS. The results suggest that iron chelation may be a useful adjuvant therapy for treating sepsis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-05513970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Augusto, O (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Caixa Postal 26077, BR-05513970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Augusto, Ohara/D-3839-2012; OI Augusto, Ohara/0000-0002-7220-4286; Linares, Edlaine/0000-0001-8164-3013 NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01424-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 653RY UT WOS:000181451900014 PM 12633753 ER PT J AU Parran, DK Barone, S Mundy, WR AF Parran, DK Barone, S Mundy, WR TI Methylmercury decreases NGF-induced TrkA autophosphorylation and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methylmercury; neurite outgrowth; TrkA; PC12 cell ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FACTOR-INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION; TYROSINE KINASE; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTORS; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; HEAVY-METALS; SEYCHELLOIS CHILDREN; ACTIVATION AB Neurotrophin signaling through Trk receptors is important for differentiation and survival in the developing nervous system. The present study examined the effects of CH3Hg on I-125-nerve growth factor (NGF) binding to the TrkA receptor, NGF-induced activation of the TrkA receptor, and neurite outgrowth in an in vitro model of differentiation using PC12 cells. Whole-cell binding assays using I-125-NGF revealed a single binding site with a K-d of approximately 1 nM. Methylmercury (CH3Hg) at 30 nM (EC50 for neurite outgrowth inhibition) did not affect NGF binding to TrkA. TrkA autophosphorylation was measured by immunoblotting with a phospho-specific antibody. TrkA autophosphorylation peaked between 2.5 and 5 min of exposure and then decreased but was still detectable at 60 min. Concurrent exposure to CH3Hg and NGF for 2.5 min resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in TrkA autophosphorylation, which was significant at 100 nM CH3Hg. To determine whether the observed inhibition of TrkA was sufficient to alter cell differentiation, NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth was examined in PC12 cells after exposure to 30 nM CH3Hg, a concentration that inhibited TrkA autophosphorylation by approximately 50%. For comparison, a separate group of PC12 cells were exposed to a concentration of the selective Trk inhibitor K252a (30 nM), which had been shown to produce significant inhibition of TrkA autophosphorylation. Twenty-four hour exposure to either CH3Hg or K252a reduced neurite outgrowth to a similar degree. Our results suggest that CH3Hg may inhibit differentiation of PC12 cells by interfering with NGF-stimulated TrkA autophosphorylation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol,Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol,Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 84 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00644-2 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 662YD UT WOS:000181976200008 ER PT J AU Gardner, OS Dewar, BJ Samet, JM Earp, HS Graves, LM AF Gardner, OS Dewar, BJ Samet, JM Earp, HS Graves, LM TI Peroxisome proliferators: novel activators of the epidermal growth factor receptor SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A220 EP A220 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101060 ER PT J AU Ramsdell, J Woofter, R Colman, J Dechraoui, MYB Dover, S Pandos, B Gordon, CJ AF Ramsdell, J Woofter, R Colman, J Dechraoui, MYB Dover, S Pandos, B Gordon, CJ TI Protective effects of cholestyramine on oral exposure to the red tide toxin brevetoxin SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A613 EP A613 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733102890 ER PT J AU Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Gordon, CJ AF Rowsey, PJ Metzger, BL Gordon, CJ TI Effects of chronic exercise training on thermoregulatory response to lipopolysaccharide and turpentine abscess in female rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A31 EP A31 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733100150 ER PT J AU Whitehurst, ME Brown, JW Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG AF Whitehurst, ME Brown, JW Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG TI Modulation of hypothalamic temperature using a water-perfused thermode SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A30 EP A30 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733100144 ER PT J AU Solomon, P Baumann, K Edgerton, E Tanner, R Eatough, D Modey, W Marin, H Savoie, D Natarajan, S Meyer, MB Norris, G AF Solomon, P Baumann, K Edgerton, E Tanner, R Eatough, D Modey, W Marin, H Savoie, D Natarajan, S Meyer, MB Norris, G TI Comparison of integrated samplers for mass and composition during the 1999 Atlanta Supersites project SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE chemical speciation; Atlanta Supersites project; filter sampling; comparison study; integrated samplers; PM2.5 ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICLE-SIZE; AIR-QUALITY; PC-BOSS; PM2.5; AEROSOLS AB [1] The first of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites projects was established in Atlanta, GA, during the summer of 1999 in conjunction with the Southern Oxidants Study. The short-term primary focus was a one month intensive field campaign to evaluate advanced PM measurement methods for measuring PM mass and the chemical and physical properties of PM. Long-term objectives are being met through coordination and cooperation with existing programs in Atlanta and the southeastern United States. Three categories of PM instruments were deployed during August 1999: time-integrated or discrete filter-based methods like those used in EPA's PM2.5 Chemical Speciation Network; continuous or semicontinuous species specific methods, most of which are still in development; and single particle mass spectrometers, the most advanced methods looking at the chemical composition of single particles. The focus of this paper is on comparison of the discrete filter-based methods. Samples were collected by 12 discrete filter-based samplers on an every other day basis during the study period at the Jefferson Street Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) study site. Samples were analyzed for PM2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and trace elements, the latter by XRF. Samplers used a variety of filters; denuder-filter combinations in the case of nitrate and organic carbon, particle size fractionating devices, and flow rates. Ambient concentrations for most species were sufficiently above detection limits for testing comparability among samplers, with nitrate being the most notable exception for the major components having an average reported value of 0.5 mug/m(3). Several trace species, e. g., As and Pb, also were often below limits of detection of the analysis method. Results indicate that real differences exist among the samplers tested for most species, with sulfate and ammonium being the exceptions, under the conditions tested. Differences are due to sampler design, and in the case of elemental carbon, also due to the use of different chemical analysis methods. Comparability among most of the samplers for a given species was: mass (+/-20%); sulfate (+/-10%); nitrate (+/-30-35%); ammonium (+/-10-15%); organic carbon either with or without denuders (+/-20%) or including samplers both with and without denuders (+/-35-45%); elemental carbon (+/-20 to +/-200%, the latter if different analysis methods are used); and minor and trace elements (+/-20-30%). A net organic carbon-sampling artifact on quartz-fiber filters was estimated from the comparison of denuded versus undenuded samples and is in the range of 1-4 mug/m(3). C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rupprecht & Patashnick Co Inc, Albany, NY 12203 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, MD-E205-03, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov; kb@eas.gatech.edu; ericedge@gte.net; rltanner@tva.gov; delbert_eatough@byu.edu; wkmodey@mailchem.byu.edu; hmaring@rsmas.miami.edu; dsavoie@rsmas.miami.edu; sanjay@rti.org; mbmeyer@rpco.com; norris.gary@epa.gov NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8423 DI 10.1029/2001JD001218 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666UW UT WOS:000182195700001 ER PT J AU Schultz, TW Cronin, MTD Walker, JD Aptula, AO AF Schultz, TW Cronin, MTD Walker, JD Aptula, AO TI Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) in toxicology: a historical perspective SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Review DE quantitative structure-activity relationship; basic concepts; aquatic toxicity; mechanisms of toxic action; environmental estrogens; health effects ID STRUCTURE-TOXICITY RELATIONSHIPS; ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS; RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; AUTOMATED STRUCTURE EVALUATION; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SIDE-CHAIN LENGTH; LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; CLASSIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; RODENT CARCINOGENICITY BIOASSAYS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS AB The history of the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) in toxicology, both for environmental, and human health effects is described. A particular emphasis is made on the science in response to the United States Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976. Specifically, the basic concepts and objectives of QSARs for toxicity are reviewed. QSARs for environmental and human health effects are discussed separately. Environmental, and more specifically, ecotoxicity, QSARs have focused historically on modeling congeneric series and non-specific effects in aquatic organisms through the use of the logarithm of the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient to describe hydrophobicity, and hence uptake. Compounds that do not fit these QSARs (namely the outliers) have been explained by differences in mechanism of acute toxicity, especially as a result of electro(nucleo)philic interactions. In light of this, mechanisms of acute toxicity are discussed. QSAR approaches to receptor-mediated effects, such as those exhibited by environmental estrogens, and competitive binding to the estrogen receptor, are different from those typically applied to model acute toxic endpoints. Several of these approaches, including three-dimensional QSAR techniques, are reviewed. Human health effects include both local and systemic effects. Local effects (e.g. corrosivity and skin sensitization) are often modeled by multivariate QSAR methods such as linear regression and discriminant analysis. The prediction of systemic effects such as mutagenesis and carcinogenesis requires consideration of the endpoint and a more mechanistic basis for modeling. Approaches to predict these endpoints include the use of expert systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Chem, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Schultz, TW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Med, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tschultz@utk.edu NR 219 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD MAR 7 PY 2003 VL 622 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 22 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00614-0 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00614-0 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 652ZB UT WOS:000181409800002 ER PT J AU Walker, JD AF Walker, JD TI Applications of QSARs in toxicology: a US government perspective SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Review DE Interagency Testing Committee; Structure Activity Relationship; Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ID SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT; RODENT CARCINOGENICITY; HAZARD IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-HAZARD; RISK ASSESSMENT; 44 CHEMICALS; BIOASSAY; TSCA; PREDICTION; VALIDATION AB As the regulatory incentives to provide data on commercial chemicals increases, there will be greater opportunities to apply Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) and Structure Activity Relationships (SARs) to promote more efficient use of chemical testing resources. This paper summarizes the current applications of QSARs and SARs by the US Government organizations represented on the Toxic Substances Control Act Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) to predict aquatic toxicity, chemical or physical properties, environmental fate parameters and health effects of organic chemicals. The US Government organizations represented on the ITC that currently apply QSARs include the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The US Government organizations represented on the ITC that currently apply SARs include the US EPA, the FDA, the National Cancer Institute, the National Toxicology Program, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, M7401,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 95 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD MAR 7 PY 2003 VL 622 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 184 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00621-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00621-8 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 652ZB UT WOS:000181409800013 ER PT J AU Yang, XF Wang, MW Varma, RS Li, CJ AF Yang, XF Wang, MW Varma, RS Li, CJ TI Aldol- and Mannich-type reactions via in situ olefin migration in ionic liquid SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED REACTION; RUTHENIUM COMPLEX; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; ENOL ETHERS; WATER; ALDEHYDES; ISOMERIZATION; ALCOHOLS; DERIVATIVES; ADDITIONS AB [GRAPHICS] An aldol-type and a Mannich-type reaction via the cross-coupling of aldehydes and imines with allylic alcohols catalyzed by RuCl2(PPh3)(3) was developed with ionic liquid as the solvent. The solvent/caltalyst system could be reused for at least five times with no loss of reactivity. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM cjli@tulane.edu NR 41 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1021/ol0273102 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 649XJ UT WOS:000181233000014 PM 12605483 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Fang, YX AF Al-Abed, SR Fang, YX TI Electrochemical degradation of trichloroethylene using granular-graphite electrodes: Identification and quantification of dechlorination products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 98 BP U812 EP U812 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803809 ER PT J AU Becker, TM Gonzalez, MA Harten, PF AF Becker, TM Gonzalez, MA Harten, PF TI Oxidation of alkanes with air using iron and manganese catalysts: An overall Green Chemistry approach including the use of alternative solvent systems generated by PARIS II. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM becker.thomas@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 565-INOR BP U97 EP U97 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918000560 ER PT J AU Brock, BJ AF Brock, BJ TI Role of the prosecutor in alcohol related criminal trials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Reg Criminal Enforcement Counsel, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 011-CHAL BP U570 EP U571 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917802722 ER PT J AU Carver, JC Brock, BJ Calmes, JP AF Carver, JC Brock, BJ Calmes, JP TI Introduction to mock trial. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Taylor Porter Brooks & Phillips, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. US EPA, Reg Criminal Enforcement Counsel, Washington, DC USA. EM james@tpbp.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 013-CHAL BP U571 EP U571 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917802724 ER PT J AU Chandrasekar, S Sorial, GA AF Chandrasekar, S Sorial, GA TI Dispersant effectiveness on three oils under various simulated environmental conditions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Washington, DC USA. EM fd97214@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 12-PETR BP U424 EP U424 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918002140 ER PT J AU Costanza, J Pennell, KD Mulholland, JA AF Costanza, J Pennell, KD Mulholland, JA TI Systematic laboratory study on the transformation of organic contaminants under thermal source zone removal conditions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Daniel Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US EPA, Subsurface Remediat Branch, Washington, DC USA. EM jed64@bellsouth.net RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 139-ENVR BP U819 EP U819 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803850 ER PT J AU Cramer, CJ Arnold, WA Bumpus, J Patterson, EV Truhlar, DG Weber, EJ Lewis, A AF Cramer, CJ Arnold, WA Bumpus, J Patterson, EV Truhlar, DG Weber, EJ Lewis, A TI Computational electrochemistry applied to environmentally relevant reductive dechlori nations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ No Iowa, Dept Chem, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM cramer@chem.umn.edu RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 42 BP U802 EP U803 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803753 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, AM AF Ehrlich, AM TI From chemist to lawyer, or how I decided what I wanted to do when finally grew up. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ehrlich.alan@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 041-CHAL BP U573 EP U573 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917802744 ER PT J AU Ettireddy, PR Varma, RS AF Ettireddy, PR Varma, RS TI Liquid phase selective oxidation of ethylbenzene over activated AL(2)O(3) supported V2O5 catalyst SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Reddy.Padmanabha@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 016-IEC BP U954 EP U954 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804438 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR Kukainis, VR AF Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR Kukainis, VR TI Identification of chloromethane formation paths during electrochemical dechlorination of TCE using graphite electrodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM Fang.James@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 099-ENVR BP U812 EP U812 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803810 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Penn, RL Bostick, BC Fendorf, S Driessen, MD AF Ford, RG Penn, RL Bostick, BC Fendorf, S Driessen, MD TI Trace element binding during structural transformation in iron oxides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ford.robert@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 181-GEOC BP U940 EP U940 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804386 ER PT J AU Hammermeister, TJ Beckman, SW Evans, JD Parker, R AF Hammermeister, TJ Beckman, SW Evans, JD Parker, R TI Evaluation framework to assess the effectiveness of electro-chemical remediation technologies (ECRTS) on the remediation of mercury in marine sediments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NRMRL, Washington, DC USA. EM tim.j.hammermeister@saic.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 117-ENVR BP U815 EP U816 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803828 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Carreira, LA AF Hilal, SH Carreira, LA TI Estimation of physiochemical properties of organic compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, NEL Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 134-COMP BP U753 EP U753 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803465 ER PT J AU Impellitteri, CA Ryan, JA Al-Abed, SR Scheckel, KG Randall, PM Richardson, CA AF Impellitteri, CA Ryan, JA Al-Abed, SR Scheckel, KG Randall, PM Richardson, CA TI Effects of pH and competing anions on the solution speciation of arsenic by ion exchange resins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Impellitteri.Christopher@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 232-ENVR BP U835 EP U835 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803943 ER PT J AU Johnson, WR Colton, K Ehrlich, AM Berns, EJ AF Johnson, WR Colton, K Ehrlich, AM Berns, EJ TI Question and answer period. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Needle & Rosenberg PC, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Fitch Even Tabin & Flannery, Washington, DC 20006 USA. US EPA, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. EM wjohnson@needlerosenberg.com; kcolton@fitcheven.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 001-CHAL BP U570 EP U570 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917802716 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, B TI How does nanotechnology relate to the environment? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kam.barbara@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 1 BP U952 EP U952 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804423 ER PT J AU Klaper, RD AF Klaper, RD TI Implications of the genomics revolution for the chemical industry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM klaper.rebecca@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 640-CHED BP U419 EP U419 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801947 ER PT J AU Knaak, JB Power, F Blancato, JN Dory, CC AF Knaak, JB Power, F Blancato, JN Dory, CC TI Importance of obtaining information on the specific content of tissue enzymes metabolizing organophosphorus pesticides, prior to determining VMAX, KM values for use in PBPK models. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM jbknaak@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0023-AGRO BP U94 EP U94 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800351 ER PT J AU Koran, KM Venosa, AT Sorial, GA AF Koran, KM Venosa, AT Sorial, GA TI Development of a testing protocol to determine surface washing agent effectiveness. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM koran.karen@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 10-PETR BP U423 EP U423 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918002138 ER PT J AU Krynitsky, AJ Schermerhorn, PG Golden, PE Podhorniak, LV AF Krynitsky, AJ Schermerhorn, PG Golden, PE Podhorniak, LV TI LC/MS/MS as a practical tool for developing multiresidue methods for pesticide residues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM Alex.Krynitsky@cfsan.fda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0069-AGRO BP U101 EP U102 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800397 ER PT J AU Masciangioli, TM Zhang, WX AF Masciangioli, TM Zhang, WX TI Environmental technologies at the nanoscale SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM masciangioli.tina@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 2 BP U952 EP U952 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804424 ER PT J AU Myers, TE Bowman, DW AF Myers, TE Bowman, DW TI Electrochemicalgeooxidation (ECGO) of PAHs in sediment preliminary SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Detroit, MI USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Washington, DC USA. EM tommy.e.myers@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 118-ENVR BP U816 EP U816 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803829 ER PT J AU Parker, KL AF Parker, KL TI Exploring the communication gap. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sci Commun Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM parker.kathiyn@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 634-CHED BP U418 EP U418 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801941 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR AF Pillai, UR TI Hydrocarbon oxidation over vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst using hydrogen peroxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM unni2@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 18 BP U954 EP U954 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804440 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Hydrocarbon oxidation over vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst using hydrogen peroxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM unni2@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 564-INOR BP U97 EP U97 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918000559 ER PT J AU Purandare, J AF Purandare, J TI Assessing the leaching behavior of metals from a mineral processing waste as a function of liquid to solid ratio SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM Purandare.jaydeep@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 202-ENVR BP U830 EP U830 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803913 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Impellitteri, C Ryan, JA AF Scheckel, KG Impellitteri, C Ryan, JA TI Assessment of a sequential extraction procedure for perturbed lead contaminated samples with and without phosphorus amendments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov; Impellitteri.Christopher@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 235-ENVR BP U835 EP U835 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803946 ER PT J AU Shevade, S Ford, R Wilson, JT Kaiser, P AF Shevade, S Ford, R Wilson, JT Kaiser, P TI "Utility of synthetic zeolites in removal of inorganic and organic water pollutants". SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM shevade.siddhesh@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 929-INOR BP U170 EP U170 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918000923 ER PT J AU St Germain, MEW AF St Germain, MEW TI My professional partner. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Kansas City, MO 64133 USA. EM stgermain.margie@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 6-PROF BP U718 EP U718 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918003784 ER PT J AU White, EM Vaughan, PP Zepp, R AF White, EM Vaughan, PP Zepp, R TI Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical in natural waters: The role of iron and dissolved organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US EPA, ERD, NERL, Washington, DC USA. EM emwhit0l@syr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 220-ENVR BP U833 EP U833 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803931 ER PT J AU Wittle, JK Doering, F Bowman, DW Zanko, L Cieniawski, S AF Wittle, JK Doering, F Bowman, DW Zanko, L Cieniawski, S TI Use of electrochemical geooxidation for the treatment of PAHs in sediments at the Erie Pier, Duluth, Minnesota. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Electro Petr Inc, Wayne, PA 19087 USA. Univ Minnesota, NRRI, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Washington, DC USA. EM Kwittle@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 115-ENVR BP U815 EP U815 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803826 ER PT J AU Xie, HX Zafiriou, OC Cai, WJ Zepp, R Wang, YC AF Xie, HX Zafiriou, OC Cai, WJ Zepp, R Wang, YC TI Effects of sunlight on carboxyl content of dissolved organic matter in the Satilla River of Georgia, United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Rimouski, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. US EPA, NERL ERD, Washington, DC USA. EM Huixiang_Xie@uqar.qc.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 30 BP U800 EP U801 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803741 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Richard, A AF Yang, CH Richard, A TI In silico methodologies for predictive evaluation of toxicity based on integration of databases SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. LeadScope Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM cyang@leadscope.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 028-CINF BP U553 EP U554 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917802641 ER PT J AU Zepp, R Moran, MA AF Zepp, R Moran, MA TI Photoreactivity of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) derived from decomposition of vascular plant and algal sources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, NERL ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zepp.richard@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 57 BP U805 EP U805 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803768 ER PT J AU Misra, C Geller, MD Sioutas, C Solomon, PA AF Misra, C Geller, MD Sioutas, C Solomon, PA TI Development and evaluation of a PM10 impactor-inlet for a continuous coarse particle monitor SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STANDARDS AB Conventional PM10 inlets available operate at a flow rate of 16.7 l/min. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a PM10 inlet designed to operate at 50 l/min to be used with a recently developed continuous coarse particle monitor (Misra et al.). Laboratory tests using polystyrene latex particles established the inlet's 50% cutpoint at 9.5 mum. Further evaluation of PM10 inlet was performed in a wind tunnel at wind speeds of 3, 8, and 24 km/h. Tests showed that the 50% efficiency cutpoint as well as the very sharp particle separation characteristics of the inlet were maintained at these wind speeds. Field evaluation of the PM10 inlet was performed in Riverside and Rubidoux, CA. A 2.5 mum cutpoint round nozzle virtual impactor was attached downstream of the developed PM10 inlet. The Dichotomous PM10 Partisol Sampler, operating at a flow rate of 16.7 l/min was used as a reference sampler. The Dichotomous Partisol uses an FRM PM10 inlet operating at 16.7 l/min to remove particles larger than 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter. Commercially available 4.7 cm Teflon filters were used in both the Partisol and the PM10 inlet to collect particulate matter (PM). Results showed good agreement between coarse PM (2.5-10 mum) mass concentrations measured by means of the PM10 inlet and Partisol. Chemical analyses showed excellent agreement between coarse PM concentrations of Al, K, Si, Ca, and Fe obtained by the two samplers. The agreement also persisted for nitrate and sulfate. Finally, the excellent agreement between coarse concentrations of the PM10 inlet and Partisol persisted for wind speeds up to 19 km/h. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Sioutas, C (reprint author), Univ So Calif, 3620 S Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1080/02786820390125133 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641CF UT WOS:000180726300007 ER PT J AU Heist, DK Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, A Conner, T AF Heist, DK Richmond-Bryant, J Eisner, A Conner, T TI Development of a versatile aerosol generation system for use in a large wind tunnel SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; SAMPLERS AB A novel aerosol generation system has been constructed for use in a large wind tunnel for two distinct research projects. One project requires a uniform aerosol concentration over the wind tunnel cross section, while the other project demands a stratified aerosol concentration distribution. The system consists of an array of venturi nozzles, which entrains particulate matter from a moving conveyor belt and disperses it into the tunnel under the force provided by a compressed air source. For the stratified release configuration, only the bottom row of nozzles was used and a confinement sleeve was installed to prevent mixing with clean air; the mixing fans were omitted from this configuration. The uniform release arrangement was tested by gravimetrically measuring particle concentration over the cross section of the tunnel for tunnel speeds of 0.1 and 1.0 m/s; uniformity was achieved within a coefficient of variation of 6.4%. The stratified distribution results show a high concentration near the floor, which diminishes with increased height. Particle size distribution was also determined on filter samples using scanning electron microscopy analysis for the uniform release experiments. No appreciable difference in mass median diameter or geometric standard deviation could be discerned for the various sampling points. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Heist, DK (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1080/02786820390125142 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641CF UT WOS:000180726300009 ER PT J AU Brinkman, NE Haugland, RA Wymer, LJ Byappanahalli, M Whitman, RL Vesper, SJ AF Brinkman, NE Haugland, RA Wymer, LJ Byappanahalli, M Whitman, RL Vesper, SJ TI Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM CONIDIA; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; YEASTS; QUANTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; DIAGNOSIS; ALBICANS; PRODUCTS AB Quantitative PCR (QPCR) technology, incorporating fluorigenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan) chemistry, was utilized for the specific detection and quantification of six pathogenic species of Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. lusitaniae) in water. Known numbers of target cells were added to distilled and tap water samples, filtered, and disrupted directly on the membranes for recovery of DNA for QPCR analysis. The assay's sensitivities were between one and three cells per filter. The accuracy of the cell estimates was between 50 and 200% of their true value (95% confidence level). In similar tests with surface water samples, the presence of PCR inhibitory compounds necessitated further purification and/or dilution of the DNA extracts, with resultant reductions in sensitivity but generally not in quantitative accuracy. Analyses of a series of freshwater samples collected from a recreational beach showed positive correlations between the QPCR results and colony counts of the corresponding target species. Positive correlations were also seen between the cell quantities of the target Candida species detected in these analyses and colony counts of Enterococcus organisms. With a combined sample processing and analysis time of less than 4 h, this method shows great promise as a tool for rapidly assessing potential exposures to waterborne pathogenic Candida species from drinking and recreational waters and may have applications in the detection of fecal pollution. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Indiana, PA USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr,Mail Stop 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 40 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1775 EP 1782 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1775-1782.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 653LA UT WOS:000181435600056 PM 12620869 ER PT J AU Lee, H Thompson, B Lowe, S AF Lee, Henry, II Thompson, Bruce Lowe, Sarah TI Estuarine and scalar patterns of invasion in the soft-bottom benthic communities of the San Francisco Estuary SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE estuarine gradients; invasion metrics; invasion patterns; nonindigenous species; San Francisco Estuary; soft-bottom communities; spatial scales AB The spatial patterns of nonindigenous species in seven subtidal soft-bottom communities in the San Francisco Estuary were quantified. Sixty nonindigenous species were found out of the 533 taxa enumerated (11%). Patterns of invasion across the communities were evaluated using a suite of invasion metrics based on the abundance or species richness of nonindigenous species. Patterns of invasion along the estuarine gradient varied with the invasion metric used, and the ecological interpretation of the metrics is discussed. Overall, the estuarine transition community located in the estuarine turbidity maximum zone (mean 5 practical salinity unit (psu)), main estuarine community (mean 16 psu), and marine muddy community (mean 28 psu) were more invaded than two fresh-brackish communities (mean < 1 psu) and a marine sandy community (mean 27 psu). Nonindigenous species were numerically dominant over much of the Estuary, making up more than 90% of the individuals in two communities. The percentage of the total species composed of nonindigenous species increased at smaller spatial scales: 11% at the estuary (gamma) scale, 21% at the community (alpha) scale, and 42% at the grab (point) scale. Wider spatial distributions of nonindigenous species and a relatively greater percentage of rare native species may have resulted in this pattern. Because of this scale dependency, comparisons among sites need to be made at the same spatial scale. Native species were positively correlated with nonindigenous species in several of the communities, presumably due to similar responses to small-scale differences in habitat quality. The rate of invasion into the soft-bottom communities of the San Francisco Estuary appears to have increased over the last one to two decades and many of the new introductions have become numerically dominant. C1 [Lee, Henry, II] US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Thompson, Bruce; Lowe, Sarah] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lee.henry@epa.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 102 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V44XH UT WOS:000209781200008 ER PT J AU Garrick, MD Dolan, KG Horbinski, C Ghio, AJ Higgins, D Porubcin, M Moore, EG Hainsworth, LN Umbreit, JN Conrad, ME Feng, L Lis, A Roth, JA Singleton, S Garrick, LM AF Garrick, MD Dolan, KG Horbinski, C Ghio, AJ Higgins, D Porubcin, M Moore, EG Hainsworth, LN Umbreit, JN Conrad, ME Feng, L Lis, A Roth, JA Singleton, S Garrick, LM TI DMT1: A mammalian transporter for multiple metals SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE copper transport; DCT1; iron transport; manganese transport; Nramp2; SLC11A2 ID CORNEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BELGRADE RAT RETICULOCYTES; INTESTINAL BRUSH-BORDER; IRON TRANSPORTER; CACO-2 CELLS; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; DIETARY IRON; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR FERRITIN; ERYTHROID-CELLS AB DMT1 has four names, transports as many as eight metals, may have four or more isoforms and carries out its transport for multiple purposes. This review is a start at sorting out these multiplicities. A G185R mutation results in diminished gastrointestinal iron uptake and decreased endosomal iron exit in microcytic mice and Belgrade rats. Comparison of mutant to normal rodents is one analytical tool. Ectopic expression is another. Antibodies that distinguish the isoforms are also useful. Two mRNA isoforms differ in the 3' UTR: + IRE DMT1 has an IRE (Iron Responsive Element) but -IRE DMT1 lacks this feature. The +/- IRE proteins differ in the distal 18 or 25 amino acid residues after shared identity for the proximal 543 residues. A major function is serving as the apical iron transporter in the lumen of the gut. The + IRE isoform appears to have that role. Another role is endosomal exit of iron. Some evidence indicts the -IRE isoform for this function. In our ectopic expression assay for metal uptake, four metals - Fe2+,Mn2+,Ni2+ and Co2+ - respond to the normal DMT1 cDNA but not the G185 R mutant. Two metals did not - Cd2+ and Zn2+ -andtwo -Cu2+ and Pb2+ -remain to be tested. In competition experiments in the same assay, Cd2+,Cu2+ and Pb2+ inhibit Mn2+ uptake but Zn2+ did not. In rodent mutants, Fe and Mn appear more dependent on DMT1 than Cu and Zn. Experiments based on ectopic expression, specific antibodies that inhibit metal uptake and labeling data indicate that Fe3+ uptake depends on a different pathway in multiple cells. Two isoforms localize differently in a number of cell types. Unexpectedly, the -IRE isoform is in the nuclei of cells with neuronal properties. While the function of -IRE DMT1 in the nucleus is speculative, one may safely infer that this localization identifies new role(s) for this multifunctional transporter. Management of toxic challenges is another function related to metal homeostasis. Airways represent a gateway tissue for metal entry. Preliminary evidence using specific PCR primers and antibodies specific to the two isoforms indicates that -IRE mRNA and protein increase in response to exposure to metal in lungs and in a cell culture model; the + IRE form is unresponsive. Thus the -IRE form could be part of a detoxification system in which + IRE DMT1 does not participate. How does iron status affect other metals' toxicity? In the case of Mn, iron deficiency may enhance cellular responses. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ S Alabama, USA Canc Ctr, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Garrick, MD (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. NR 73 TC 172 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD MAR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1023/A:1020702213099 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 605HB UT WOS:000178671000003 PM 12572663 ER PT J AU Tabacova, S Kimmel, CA Wall, K Hansen, D AF Tabacova, S Kimmel, CA Wall, K Hansen, D TI Atenolol developmental toxicity: Animal-to-human comparisons SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED HYPERTENSION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BETA-BLOCKERS; PREECLAMPSIA; ANTAGONISTS; OUTCOMES; INFANTS AB BACKGROUND: Atenolol, 4-2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-aminopropoxy) phenylacetamide, is a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker used for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Beta-blockers are reported to cause fetal harm (such as decreased birth weight) when administered to a pregnant woman. We evaluate published human and animal evidence of atenolol developmental toxicity and compare the manifestations in humans and in routinely-used animal models. METHODS: The comparison is based on the following criteria: comparability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, type of adverse outcome, lowest adverse effect levels, and specificity and selectivity of effect. RESULTS: Manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity (placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and changes in fetal weight in the absence of structural malformations) are similar in the tested animal species (rats and rabbits) and humans. The human seems to be more sensitive, however, because adverse embryo-fetal effects are reported at doses much lower than those in the tested species. In humans and rats, adverse embryo-fetal effects are induced by doses that are not maternally toxic. In the rabbit, however, such effects are seen only at maternally toxic doses, suggesting that in this species, developmental toxicity may be maternally mediated. CONCLUSIONS: The available data suggest animal-human concordance with regard to the nature and manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity. The animal models "predicted" developmental toxicity manifests as placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal weight decrease in the absence of structural malformations. Thus far, this is concordant with the data from humans, in whom intrauterine growth retardation has been observed but not structural abnormalities. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Tabacova, S (reprint author), NDPDP, FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane,HFD 120, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1002/bdra.10011 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XD UT WOS:000185286600007 PM 12797460 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH TI Monitoring chlorophyll-a as a measure of algae in Lake Texoma marinas SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Oak Ridge Res Associateship Program, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Kampbell, DH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Oak Ridge Res Associateship Program, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 70 IS 3 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1007/s00128-003-0028-y PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 647LU UT WOS:000181094900028 PM 12592538 ER PT J AU Walton, FS Waters, SB Jolley, SL LeCluyse, EL Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Walton, FS Waters, SB Jolley, SL LeCluyse, EL Thomas, DJ Styblo, M TI Selenium compounds modulate the activity of recombinant rat As-III-methyltransferase and the methylation of arsenite by rat and human hepatocytes SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CULTURES; LIVER CYTOSOL; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; GLUTATHIONE; REDUCTASE; ARSENATE; TOXICITY; ACID; TRIVALENT AB Formation of methylated metabolites is a critical step in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic or selenium. We have previously shown that under conditions of a concurrent exposure sodium selenite inhibits methylation of arsenite by cultured rat hepatocytes. Here, we compare the effects of sodium selenite and mono-, di-, and trimethylated selenium compounds on the methylation of arsenite by purified recombinant rat As-III-methyltransferase (Cyt19) and by primary rat and human hepatocytes. Among these compounds, sodium selenite was the most potent inhibitor of the methylation of arsenite by the recombinant enzyme (K-i = 1.4 muM) and by cultured cells. In both systems, methylseleninic acid was an order of magnitude less potent an inhibitor (K-i = 19.4 muM) than was sodium selenite. Dimethylselenoxide and trimethylselenonium iodide were weak activators of recombinant As-III-methyltransferase activity but were weak inhibitors of arsenite methylation in hepatocytes. These data suggest that selenite, rather than its methylated metabolites, is responsible for inhibition of arsenite methylation in cultured hepatocytes and that inhibition may involve direct interactions between selenite and As-III-methyltransferase. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI LeCluyse, Edward/0000-0002-2149-8990 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09941] NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1021/tx025649r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 661QL UT WOS:000181901200002 PM 12641425 ER PT J AU Lebo, JA Huckins, JN Petty, JD Cranor, WL Ho, KT AF Lebo, JA Huckins, JN Petty, JD Cranor, WL Ho, KT TI Comparisons of coarse and fine versions of two carbons for reducing the bioavailabilities of sediment-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE sediment; organic contaminants; bioavailability; charcoal; adsorption; TIE ID TOXICITY; REMOVAL; RESIN AB Coarse (whole) and finely ground Ambersorb 1500 and coarse and fine coconut charcoal were compared as to their efficiencies in scavenging organic contaminants desorbed from sediment. Aqueous slurries of a test sediment spiked (I ppm) with p,p'-DDE (DDE), 2,2,5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), naphthalene (NAP), or phenanthrene (PHEN), and containing 1% levels of the test carbons were treated by shaking at 35 degreesC while exposed to clusters of low-density polyethylene membrane (detox spiders). Controls consisted of spiked sediments and detox spiders but no added carbon of any kind and thus represented unimpeded bioavailabilities (to the spiders). After the treatments-agitation periods from 2.5 to 60 h, depending on contaminant hydrophobicity-the exposed detox spiders were analyzed. The fine carbon of either type was more effective than its coarser variant in obstructing contaminant bioavailabilities. The finer variants of both carbons obstructed the bioavailabilities of NAP and PHEN equally well as did the coarser variants of both. Whole Ambersorb 1500 and coarse coconut charcoal were similarly ineffective in intercepting TCB and DDE. Ground Ambersorb 1500 obstructed virtually all bioavailability of all four contaminants and was far more effective than fine coconut charcoal in intercepting DDE and TCB. An additional experiment compared the effectiveness of ground Ambersorb 1500 and fine coconut charcoal in obstructing the bioavailabilities from sediment of a broad array of spiked organochlorine pesticides. The performance of ground Ambersorb 1500 was again found to be superior; the bioavailable levels of each of the 27 pesticides were markedly lower in the presence of ground Ambersorb 1500 than in the presence of fine coconut charcoal. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Lebo, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1309 EP 1317 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00817-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 650AM UT WOS:000181240200005 PM 12586162 ER PT J AU Geter, DR Fournie, JW Brouwer, MH DeAngelo, AB Hawkins, WE AF Geter, DR Fournie, JW Brouwer, MH DeAngelo, AB Hawkins, WE TI p-Nitrophenol and glutathione response in medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to MX, a drinking water carcinogen SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorinated furanone; cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1); drinking water disinfection by-products; glutathione; methylazoxymethanol acetate; medaka; 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX) ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE MX; MUTAGEN 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; HEPATIC GLUTATHIONE; IN-VITRO AB When chlorine is introduced into public drinking water for disinfection, it can react with organic compounds in surface waters to form toxic by-products such as 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX). We investigated the effect of exposure to MX on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-like activity and total glutathione (GSH) in the liver of the small fish model, medaka (Oryzias latipes). The multi-site carcinogen methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAMAc) was the positive control compound. Both medaka liver microsome preparations and S-9 fractions catalyzed the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol (PNP), suggesting CYP2E1-Iike activity in the medaka. Male medaka exposed for 96 It to the CYP2E1 inducers ethanol and acetone under fasted conditions showed significant increases in PNP-hydroxylation activity. Furthermore, total reduced hepatic GSH was reduced in fish fasted for 96 h, indicating that normal feeding is a factor in maintaining xenobiotic defenses. Exposure to MX and MAMAc induced significant increases in hepatic CYP2E1-like activity, however MX exposure did not alter hepatic GSH levels. These data strengthen the role of the medaka as a suitable species for examining cytochrome P450 and GSH detoxification processes and the role these systems play in chemical carcinogenesis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geter, DR (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM geter.david@epa.gov NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 134 IS 3 BP 353 EP 364 AR PII S1532-0456(03)00003-6 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00003-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 659RV UT WOS:000181792000008 PM 12643982 ER PT J AU Claflin, DI Stanton, ME Herbert, J Greer, J Eckerman, CO AF Claflin, DI Stanton, ME Herbert, J Greer, J Eckerman, CO TI Effect of delay interval on classic eyeblink conditioning in 5-month-old human infants (vol 41, pg 329, 2002) SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Duke Univ, Dept Psychol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol Curriculum, Durham, NC 27706 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Expt Psychol, Durham, NC USA. RP Claflin, DI (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Psychol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0012-1630 J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL JI Dev. Psychobiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 223 EP 223 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA 645RB UT WOS:000181035400010 ER PT J AU Schantz, SL Widholm, JJ Rice, DC AF Schantz, SL Widholm, JJ Rice, DC TI Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children's health; congeners; neurobehavioral outcomes; neuropsychological function; polychlorinated biphenyls ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; YU-CHENG CHILDREN; VISUAL RECOGNITION MEMORY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN-MILK; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE AB In the last decade advances in the analytic methods for quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have resulted in widespread availability of congener-specific analysis procedures, and large amounts of data on PCB congener profiles in sod, air, water, sediments, foodstuffs, and human tissues have become available. These data have revealed that the PCB residues in environmental media and human tissues may not closely resemble any of the commercial PCB mixtures, depending on source of exposure, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and weathering of PCBs in the environment. At the same time, toxicological research has led to a growing awareness that different classes of PCB congeners have different profiles of toxicity. These advances in analytic techniques and toxicological knowledge are beginning to influence the risk assessment process. As the data from ongoing PCB studies assessing the mediators of neurobehavioral outcomes in children are published, the weight of evidence for PCB effects on neurodevelopment is growing. Studies in Taiwan, Michigan (USA), New York (USA), Holland, Germany, and the Faroe Islands have all reported negative associations between prenatal PCB exposure and measures of cognitive functioning in infancy or childhood. The German study also reported a negative association between postnatal PCB exposure and cognitive function in early childhood-a result that had not been found in previous studies. Only one published study in North Carolina (USA) has failed to find an association between PCB exposure and cognitive outcomes. Despite the fact that several more recent studies have used congener-specific analytic techniques, there have been only limited attempts to assess the role of specific PCB congeners or classes of congeners in mediating neurodevelopmental outcomes. From a statistical standpoint, attempts to determine the role of individual congeners in mediating outcomes are hampered by the fact that concentrations of most individual congeners are highly correlated with each other and with total PCBs. From a toxicological standpoint, these efforts are hampered by the fact that many of the PCB congeners present in human tissues have never been studied in the laboratory, and their relative potency to produce nervous system effects is unknown. More complete information on the health effects of various congeners or congener classes would allow more informed scientific and risk assessment decisions. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schantz, SL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. NR 96 TC 265 Z9 276 U1 4 U2 46 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 3 BP 357 EP 376 DI 10.1289/ehp.5461 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 655ZJ UT WOS:000181583200033 PM 12611666 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Husby, P Hall, RK Kaufmann, PR Hill, BH AF Griffith, MB Husby, P Hall, RK Kaufmann, PR Hill, BH TI Analysis of macroinvertebrate assemblages in relation to environmental gradients among lotic habitats of California's Central Valley SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE biotic indices; California; canonical analyses; Central Valley Ecoregion; macroinvertebrate assemblages; metrics ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; RIVER; INDEX; FAUNA; ECOSYSTEMS; POLLUTION; WATERS; STATES; SITES AB We assessed relationships between environmental characteristics and macroinvertebrate assemblages in lotic habitats of California's Central Valley with community metric and multivariate statistical approaches. Using canonical ordination analyses, we contrasted results when assemblage structure was assessed with macroinvertebrate metrics, as suggested for use in indices of biotic integrity, or with genera abundances. Our objectives were to identify metrics or taxa diagnostic of lotic environmental stressors and compare the capacity of these approaches to detect stressors in order to suggest how they might be used to diagnose stressors. For macroinvertebrate metrics, redundancy analysis (RDA) extracted three axes correlated with channel morphology and substrates. For genera abundances, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) extracted two axes correlated with soluble salts and with channel morphology and substrates but did not separate these gradients onto different axes. Cluster analyses identified five RDA and five CCA site groups, which exhibited differences for environmental variables, metrics, or genera abundances, and agreement between the analyses in partitioning of sites was greater than if sites were partitioned randomly. These approaches differ in their ability to detect environmental stressors, because they measure different aspects of assemblages and would be complementary in design of new metrics diagnostic of stressors. C1 US EPA, Reg Lab 9, Richmond, CA USA. US EPA, Reg 9, Water Div, San Francisco, CA USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, ORD, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL MED, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NCEA, MS-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 3 BP 281 EP 309 DI 10.1023/A:1021994318025 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635KZ UT WOS:000180399200004 PM 12602632 ER PT J AU Tabak, HH Lazorchak, JM Lei, L Khodadoust, AP Antia, JE Bagchi, R Suidan, MT AF Tabak, HH Lazorchak, JM Lei, L Khodadoust, AP Antia, JE Bagchi, R Suidan, MT TI Studies on bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments: Bioavailability, biodegradability, and toxicity issues SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE contaminated sediments; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; bioavailability; biodegradation; toxicity ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOIL; NAPHTHALENE; SORPTION; EXTRACTABILITY; PHENANTHRENE; DEGRADATION; DESORPTION; HYSTERESIS AB The widespread contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has created a need for cost-effective bioremediation processes. This research studied a chronically PAH-contaminated estuarine sediment from the East River (ER; NY, USA) characterized by high concentrations of PAHs (similar to4-190 ppm), sulfide, and metals and a marine sediment from New York/ New Jersey Harbor (NY/NJH; USA) with only trace quantities of PAHs (0.1-0.6 ppm). The focus was to examine the relationship between bioavailability of PAHs and their biological removal in a stuffy system. Freshwater and marine sediment toxicity tests were conducted to measure baseline toxicity of both sediments to amphipods, aquatic worms, fathead and sheepshead minnow larvae, and a vascular plant; to determine the cause of toxicity; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the biotreatment strategies in reducing toxicity. Results showed the ER sediment was acutely toxic to all freshwater and marine organisms tested and that the toxicity was mainly caused by sulfide, PAHs, and metals present in the sediment. In spite of the high toxicity, most of the PAH compounds showed significant degradation in the aerobic sediment/water slurry system if the initial high oxygen demand due to the high sulfide content of the sediment was overcome. The removal of PAHs by biodegradation was closely related to their desorbed amount in 90% isopropanol solution during 24 h of contact, while the desorption of model PAH compounds from freshly spiked NY/NJH sediment did not describe the bioavailability of PAHs in the East River sediment well. The research improves our understanding of bioavailability as a controlling factor in bioremediation of PAHs and the potential of aerobic biodegradation for PAH removal and ecotoxicity reduction. C1 US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Tabak, HH (reprint author), US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 46 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 35 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0473:SOBOPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 647JE UT WOS:000181089000003 PM 12627632 ER PT J AU Lazorchak, JM McCormick, FH Henry, TR Herlihy, AT AF Lazorchak, JM McCormick, FH Henry, TR Herlihy, AT TI Contamination of fish in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Region: An approach to regional indicator selection and wildlife assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fish homogenates; regional contamination indicator; wildlife values; mercury; organics ID MERCURY; TISSUE; LAKES AB The extent of contamination of fish in the Mid-Atlantic Region was evaluated as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Monitoring and Assessment Program's regional assessment in 1993 through 1994. Fish assemblages from wadeable streams were dominated by small, short-lived fishes (e.g., minnows, darters, and sculpins) that were more widely distributed and abundant than large fishes typically chosen for tissue contaminant studies (e.g., trout, black bass, sunfish, common carp). Chemical concentrations in whole-fish homogenates exceeded detection limits for mercury, DDT, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 75 to 100% of the stream length assessed using small fishes and 84 to 100% of the stream length assessed using large fishes. Wildlife values (WVs) representing a threshold for toxic effect were developed to allow examination of the spatial extent of potential risk to piscivorous wildlife. For mercury, DDT, dieldrin, and chlordane, estimates of the regional extent of streams where fish contaminant concentrations exceeded the WVs were greater when based on small fishes than on large fishes. However, within the distribution of stream lengths assessed using small and large fishes, the percentage of stream kilometers exceeding the WVs were quite similar. Our data demonstrate that the greater abundance and distribution of small, short-lived fishes provide greater estimates of regional extent of contamination for first- through third-order streams and can be used for regional assessments of potential exposure and effects in wildlife. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lazorchak, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0545:COFISO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 647JE UT WOS:000181089000012 PM 12627641 ER PT J AU Smith, EP Robinson, T Field, LJ Norton, SB AF Smith, EP Robinson, T Field, LJ Norton, SB TI Predicting sediment toxicity using logistic regression: A concentration-addition approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity data; standards; environmental monitoring; sediment toxicity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; QUALITY GUIDELINES AB The question posed in this article is how useful the chemical concentration measurements for predicting the outcome of sediment toxicity tests are. Using matched data on sediment toxicity and sediment chemical concentrations from a number of studies, we investigated several approaches for predicting toxicity based on multiple logistic regression with concentration-addition models. Three models were found to meet criteria for acceptability. The first model uses individual chemicals selected using stepwise selection. The second uses derived variables to reflect combined metal contamination, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, and the interaction between metals and PAHs. The third and final model is a separate species model with derived variables. Overall, these models suggest that toxicity may be correctly predicted approximately 77% of the time, although prediction is better for samples identified as nontoxic than for those known to be toxic. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Smith, EP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 565 EP 575 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0565:PSTULR>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 647JE UT WOS:000181089000015 PM 12627644 ER PT J AU Li, YH Lee, CW Gullett, BK AF Li, YH Lee, CW Gullett, BK TI Importance of activated carbon's oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE activated carbons; mercury adsorption; oxygen functional groups ID PHASE MERCURY; FLUE-GAS AB The effect of varying physical and chemical properties of activated carbons on adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg-0) was studied by treating two activated carbons to modify their surface functional groups and pore structures. Heat treatment (1200 K) in nitrogen (N-2), air oxidation (693 K), and nitric acid (6N HNO3) treatment of two activated carbons (BPL, WPL) were conducted to vary their surface oxygen functional groups. Adsorption experiments of Hg-0 by the activated carbons were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of 398 K and under N-2 atmosphere. The pore structures of the samples were characterized by N-2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and base-acid titration experiments were conducted to determine the chemical characteristics of the carbon samples. Characterization of the physical and chemical properties of activated carbons in relation to their Hg-0 adsorption capacity provides important mechanistic information on Hg-0 adsorption. Results suggest that oxygen surface complexes, possibly lactone and carbonyl groups, are the active sites for Hg-0 capture. The carbons that have a lower carbon monoxide (CO)/CO2 ratio and a low phenol group concentration tend to have a higher Hg-0 adsorption capacity, suggesting that phenol groups may inhibit Hg-0 adsorption. The high Hg-0 adsorption capacity of a carbon sample is also found to be associated with a low ratio of the phenol/carbonyl groups. A possible Hg-0 adsorption mechanism, which is likely to involve an electron transfer process during Hg-0 adsorption in which the carbon surfaces may act as an electrode for Hg-0 oxidation, is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div MDE3051, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div MDE3051, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 21 TC 133 Z9 176 U1 12 U2 100 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 4 BP 451 EP 457 AR PII S0016-2361(02)00307-1 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00307-1 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 636EN UT WOS:000180441700010 ER PT J AU Mason, JM Konev, AY Golubovsky, MD Biessmann, H AF Mason, JM Konev, AY Golubovsky, MD Biessmann, H TI Cis- and trans-acting influences on telomeric position effect in Drosophila melanogaster detected with a subterminal transgene SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SALIVARY-GLAND NUCLEI; EFFECT VARIEGATION; HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN-1; WHITE GENE; HET-A; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCERS; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; P-ELEMENT; I FACTOR; DNA AB One model of telomeric position effect (TPE) in Drosophila melanogaster proposes that reporter genes in the vicinity of telomeres are repressed by subterminal telomere-associated sequences (TAS) and that variegation of these genes is the result of competition between the repressive effects of TAS and the stimulating effects of promoters in the terminal HeT-A transposon array. The data presented here support this model, but also suggest that TPE is more complex. Activity of a telomeric white reporter gene increases in response to deletion of some or all of the TAS on the homolog. Only transgenes next to fairly long HeT-A arrays respond to this trans-interaction. HeT-A arrays of 6-18 kb respond by increasing the number of dark spots on the eye, while longer arrays increase the background eye color or increase the number of spots sufficiently to cause them to merge. Thus, expression of a subtelomeric reporter gene is influenced by the telomere structure in cis and trans. We propose that the forces involved in telomere length regulation in Drosophila are the underlying forces that manifest themselves as TPE. In the wild-type telomere TAS may play an important role in controlling telomere elongation by repressing HeT-A promoter activity. Modulation of this repression by the homolog may thus regulate telomere elongation. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Sci & Technol Hist, Div Evolutionary Theory, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Biessmann, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Konev, Alexander/J-4401-2015 OI Konev, Alexander/0000-0002-4497-6377 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-56729] NR 55 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 163 IS 3 BP 917 EP 930 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 664DR UT WOS:000182046900007 PM 12663532 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Leigh, DS Bearden, AB AF Walters, DM Leigh, DS Bearden, AB TI Urbanization, sedimentation, and the homogenization of fish assemblages in the Etowah River Basin, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on the Interactions between Sediments and Water CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA DE assemblage structure; endemism; erosion; land use; stream gradient; suspended sediment ID UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; SUCCESS AB We tested the hypothesis that urbanization alters stream sediment regimes and homogenizes fish assemblages in 30 sub-basins of the Etowah River. Sediment variables included average particle size ( mean phi) of the stream bed, percent fines (< 2 mm) in riffles, and baseflow turbidity (NTU). Homogenization was quantified as ratios of endemic to cosmopolitan species richness (E-r: C-r) and abundance (E-a: C-a). High NTU and fine stream beds were associated with homogenized assemblages (i.e., lower E: C ratios). Mean phi and NTU were significantly correlated with E: C ratios (r = -0.74 to -0.76) and, when combined using multiple regression, accounted for 73% of the variance in ratios. Stream slope strongly covaried with mean phi ( r = - 0.92) and percent fines in riffles ( r = - 0.79), but multiple regression models showed that urbanized sites had finer beds and riffles than predicted by slope alone. Urban land cover was the primary predictor of NTU (r(2) = 0.42) and, combined with slope in multiple regression, explained 51% of the variance in NTU. Our results indicate that stream slope is a background variable predicting particle size and E: C ratios in these streams. Urbanization disrupts these relationships by transforming clear streams with coarse beds into turbid streams with finer beds. These conditions favor cosmopolitan species, ultimately homogenizing fish assemblages. Bed texture was linked to urbanization; however, NTU was the best indicator of urban impacts because it was statistically independent from slope. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 NR 17 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2003 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1023/A:1025412804074 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 716LE UT WOS:000185029300002 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, B Cornelius, J Zehner, W AF Mukhopadhyay, B Cornelius, J Zehner, W TI Application of kinematic wave theory for predicting flash flood hazards on coupled alluvial fan-piedmont plain landforms SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE kinematic wave modelling; NEXRAD; flash flood; alluvial fan; piedmont plain; arid region hydrology ID MODELS AB A rainstorm that caused a severe flash flood on the piedmont plain at the toe positions of two alluvial fans located to the west of the Organ Mountains in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA, is analysed. The space-time distributions of rainfall are evaluated from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) and overland flow is modelled as kinematic wave. The spatial distribution of rainfall shows a topographic control. The greatest rainfall depth, duration, and intensity occurred at the higher elevation mountain slopes and decreased with decreasing elevation from the alluvial fans to the piedmont plain. The alluvial fan-piedmont plain system is modelled by coupling divergent and rectangular overland flow planes. Explicit finite difference approximations, hybridized with the analytical method of characteristics, are made to the kinematic wave equations to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfall and variable boundary conditions. Simulation results indicate that sheet-flow floodwater elevations rise (1) in a nonlinear fashion from the apex to toe positions of the alluvial fans, and (2) near linearly from the toe positions of the alluvial fans onto the piedmont plains with the formation of kinematic shocks near the middle to the upstream end of the plane at times between the initiation of the rainstorm and the time of concentration of the plane. Thus, the maximum flooding occurs at the middle or upstream sections of the piedmont plains regardless of the pattern of space-time variability of rainfall. These results are in agreement with observed geomorphologic features suggesting that piedmont plains are naturally flood-prone areas. This case study demonstrates that flood hazards on piedmont plains can exceed those on alluvial fans. The models presented in this study suggest that the flood hazard zones on coupled alluvial fan-piedmont plain landforms should be delineated transverse to the flow directions, as opposed to the flood hazard zones with boundaries in the longitudinal direction of the axis of an alluvial fan. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ecol & Environm Inc, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. Ecol & Environm Inc, Houston, TX 77024 USA. US EPA, Houston, TX 77099 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, B (reprint author), Ecol & Environm Inc, 1200 Main St,Suite 500, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 839 EP 868 DI 10.1002/hyp.1241 PG 30 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 652MH UT WOS:000181382600010 ER PT J AU Vupputuri, S He, J Muntner, P Bazzano, LA Whelton, PK Batuman, V AF Vupputuri, S He, J Muntner, P Bazzano, LA Whelton, PK Batuman, V TI Blood lead level is associated with elevated blood pressure in blacks SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; ethnic groups; blood lead; blacks; epidemiology ID 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SURVEY NHANES-III; RENAL-FUNCTION; GENERAL-POPULATION; INDUCED HYPERTENSION; US POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; TIBIAL LEAD; EXPOSURE; NEPHROPATHY AB Chronic lead exposure has been associated with elevated blood pressure in epidemiological studies. It is not known whether the previously observed relation between blood lead and hypertension persists after significant reductions have been made in environmental lead contamination. We examined the relation between blood lead levels and blood pressure in a representative sample of 14 952 whites and blacks aged 18 years or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Blood lead was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and blood pressure by standard sphygmomanometry. Mean blood lead levels were significantly higher for black men and women (5.4 and 3.4 mug/dL, respectively) compared with white men and women (4.4 and 3.0 mug/dL, respectively). After multivariate adjustment for important covariables, each standard deviation higher blood lead (3.3 mug/dL) was associated with a 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 1.44) mm Hg and a 1.55 (95% CI, 0.47 to 2.64) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure among black men and women, respectively. In contrast, blood lead level was not associated with blood pressure among white men or women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of hypertension associated with a 1-SD higher level of blood lead was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.19) for black men and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.61) for black women. These findings suggest that increased levels of blood lead remain an important environmental risk factor for elevated blood pressure in blacks. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. VA Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP He, J (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, 1430 Tulane Ave SL18, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. OI Batuman, Vecihi/0000-0002-1800-9009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL60300] NR 65 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000055015.39788.29 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 653QD UT WOS:000181447500014 PM 12623944 ER PT J AU Melnyk, LJ Morgan, JN Fernando, R Pellizzari, ED Akinbo, O AF Melnyk, LJ Morgan, JN Fernando, R Pellizzari, ED Akinbo, O TI Determination of metals in composite diet samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MULTIELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; FOOD; SELENIUM; MATRICES AB A study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques for determination of metals in composite diets. Aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and zinc were determined by this method. Atmospheric pressure microwave digestion was used to solubilize analytes in homogenized composite diet samples, and this procedure was followed by ICP-MS analysis. Recovery of certified elements from standard reference materials ranged from 92 to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.4-1.9%. Recovery of elements from fortified composite diet samples ranged from 75 to 129% with RSDs of 0-11.3%. Limits of detection ranged from 1 to 1700 ng/g; high values were due to significant amounts of certain elements naturally present in composite diets. Results of this study demonstrate that low-resolution quadrupole-based ICP-MS provides precise and accurate measurements of the elements tested in composite diet samples. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Butler Univ, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. RP Melnyk, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 665UC UT WOS:000182138800025 PM 12723928 ER PT J AU Zendzian, RP AF Zendzian, RP TI Pesticide residue on/in the washed skin and its potential contribution to dermal toxicity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; dermal absorption; skin; washed skin; rat; residue; absorption; systemic; toxicity AB Washing the skin of humans or experimental animals after exposure to a pesticide or other chemical may leave a major portion of the dose on/in the washed skin. Questions have been raised as to whether this skin residue can contribute to the toxicity of a pesticide by continued post-wash absorption. In a set of 19 pesticides tested in the rat to determine the fate of this skin residue, absorption from the washed skin continued in 15 at all doses tested, continued in 2 pesticides at only some of the doses tested and did not continue in 2 volatile pesticides. However, only nine pesticides showed an increase in systemic concentration following absorption from the washed skin, which can be considered indicative of potential increased toxicity. The time of occurrence and magnitude of the increase varied with chemical and dose, being a combination of rate and magnitude of absorption and rate and magnitude of excretion of the absorbed chemical. Similar patterns of continued absorption of skin residue may be expected to occur in humans. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Hlth Effects Div 7509C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Zendzian, RP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Hlth Effects Div 7509C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 121 EP 136 DI 10.1002/jat.900 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 664LZ UT WOS:000182063700007 PM 12666157 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RR Martinez, SA Palmer, K Podolsky, MJ AF Jenkins, RR Martinez, SA Palmer, K Podolsky, MJ TI The determinants of household recycling: a material-specific analysis of recycling program features and unit pricing SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE solid waste; recycling; unit pricing; incentives ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; DISPOSAL; INCENTIVES; GARBAGE; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; THROW AB This paper analyzes the impact of two popular solid waste programs on the percent recycled of several different materials found in the residential solid waste stream. We examine a unique, household-level data set representing middle and upper-middle income groups in 20 metropolitan statistical areas across the country and containing information on the percent recycled of five different materials: glass bottles., plastic bottles, aluminum, newspaper, and yard waste. We find that access to curbside recycling has a significant positive effect on the percentage recycled of all five materials and that the level of this effect varies across different materials. The length of the recycling program's life also has a significant positive effect on two materials. Making recycling mandatory has an insignificant effect on all five materials. The level of the unit price is insignificant in our regressions, but the effect Of unit pricing on recycling activity remains unclear. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Law, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jenkins, RR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Penn Ave NW MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 33 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 2 BP 294 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00054-2 PG 25 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662UV UT WOS:000181968000010 ER PT J AU Gibbs, SG Meckes, MC Scarpino, PV AF Gibbs, SG Meckes, MC Scarpino, PV TI The effect of long-term wastewater cross-connection on the biofilm of a simulated water distribution system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofilm; wastewater; drinking water; microorganisms; cross-connection ID DRINKING-WATER; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; POTABLE WATER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MICROBIOLOGY; QUALITY; PENETRATION; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL AB The drinking water distribution system simulator (DSS) from the U.S. EPA was used to assess the effect of long-term wastewater cross-connection on the biofilm of a simulated water distribution system. Initial experimentation determined that at 0.3% wastewater to system volume per day for 90 d injected 0.1% every 8 h into the DSS; study organisms were consistently present in the discharge water sample with only slight aesthetic problems (increased turbidity). During the cross-connection, incoming tap water and wastewater, and system discharge water were monitored to ensure that the source of study organisms was only the wastewater cross-connection and that study organisms were present in the water column of the DSS. Following elimination of the cross-connection, samples showed that study organisms were removed from the water column within 24 h, which was the hydraulic retention time of the system. Increased numbers of heterotrophic organisms were detected in the system discharge following cross-connection. Increased heterotrophs were recovered for the system biofilm, and study organisms, except culturable heterotrophs, were not recovered beyond 24 h. Results indicate that the existing biofilm grew during the cross-connection, and may have inhibited growth of specific study organisms introduced via the cross-connection. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Gibbs, SG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso Reg Campus,1100 N Stanton, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. EM sgibbs@sph.uth.tmc.edu NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1139/S03-005 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 803WR UT WOS:000220261700001 ER PT J AU Shirazi, MA Johnson, CB Omernik, JM White, D Haggerty, PK Griffith, GE AF Shirazi, MA Johnson, CB Omernik, JM White, D Haggerty, PK Griffith, GE TI Quantitative soil descriptions for ecoregions of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Researchers have defined and mapped ecological regions of the United States based on similar patterns of ecosystems such as deserts, forests, and croplands. These studies are useful in regional research, monitoring, and environmental management because data can be more readily extrapolated within the same ecoregion and to regions with similar characteristics. The description of ecoregions is largely holistic and qualitative. Conversely, quantitative information for soil are abundant and soil is an important ecosystem component related to many ecoregion properties. We used the nationwide State Soil Geographic database (STATSGO) to describe the soils of 84 Level III ecoregions in the United States. Among the 24 soil characteristics studied were texture, rock fragments, available water capacity, bulk density, and organic matter content. For each ecoregion we developed ranks to describe (i) its similarity to the U.S. average soil characteristics, (ii) the accuracy of predicting those characteristics, (iiii) how well the soil map unit boundaries fit within ecoregion boundaries, (iv) the spatial relationship of soils across neighboring ecoregion boundaries, and (v) the homogeneity of texture-rock patterns. We present a national map of soil texture and rock fragments and five soil ranks for each ecoregion, and examine relationships between soils and other ecological components for selected ecoregions. Because soils relate to other ecosystem components such as vegetation, geology, and land use, the soil ranks complement and enrich the qualitative ecoregion descriptions. Similar analyses of physical or biological components of ecoregions will expand the understanding of the ecosystem patterns. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Watershed Sci Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Indus Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Shirazi, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 550 EP 561 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300020 PM 12708679 ER PT J AU Clayton, CA Pellizzari, ED Whitmore, RW Quackenboss, JJ Adgate, J Sefton, K AF Clayton, CA Pellizzari, ED Whitmore, RW Quackenboss, JJ Adgate, J Sefton, K TI Distributions, associations, and partial aggregate exposure of pesticides and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES) SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregate exposure; distributions; associations; dietary; inhalation; urinary metabolites; environmental measurements; pesticides; polynuclear hydrocarbons; children ID PHASE-I FIELD AB The Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES) provides exposure, environmental, and biologic data relating to multipathway exposures of children for four primary pesticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion, diazinon, and atrazine), 14 secondary pesticides, and 13 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Monitoring was performed on a probability-based sample of 102 children aged 3-12 in Minneapolis/St. Paul and in a nearby rural area (Goodhue and Rice counties). This paper provides estimated distributions of this population's exposures and exposure-related measurements and examines associations among the various measures via rank (Spearman) correlations. In addition, it provides some aggregate and cumulative exposure estimates for pesticides, and compares the relative intakes from inhalation and dietary ingestion. Intakes for the four primary pesticides appeared to come principally from the ingestion rather than the inhalation route; this was clearly true for chlorpyrifos but was less certain for the other three primary pesticides because of their higher degree of nondetects. Solid food rather than beverages was clearly the main contributor to the ingestion intake. Despite the dominance of the ingestion route, the urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos exhibited a stronger association with the air measurements than with the dietary measures. Personal-air samples exhibited strong rank correlations with indoor air samples for chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon (0.81, 0.51, and 0.62, respectively), while personal-air atrazine levels correlated well with outdoor levels (0.69); personal-air diazinon levels also correlated well with outdoor levels (0.67). For the PAHs, many significant associations were evident among the various air samples and for the air samples with the dust samples, especially for those compounds with consistently high percent measurable values (particularly fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Clayton, CA (reprint author), RTI Int, Cox Bldg,POB 12194,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM clayton@rfi.org RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 10 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500261 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 676HD UT WOS:000182744500002 ER PT J AU Estime, L O'Shea, M Borst, M Gerrity, J Liao, SL AF Estime, L O'Shea, M Borst, M Gerrity, J Liao, SL TI Effect of phosphorus concentration on the growth of cattail callus cells SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cattail; callus cells; phosphorus; wetlands; typha; suspension culture; fresh weight ID SUSPENSION-CULTURES; PLANT-CELLS; METABOLISM AB This investigation examined the growth of Typha latifolia (cattail) callus cells grown in five (0, 11, 22, 33, 44 mg L-1) different phosphorus concentrations. The cells Were grown for two successive subcultures on semi-solid media, and subsequently in suspension culture with the same phosphorus levels. On semi-solid media, the fresh weight of the cells varied by a maximum of 36% through both subcultures. The 33 mg L-1 phosphorus supplied in the original Gamborgs 135 media promoted the greatest fresh weight of the cells in suspension culture over all other concentrations tested. When grown in suspension culture with 0 and 11 mg L-1 phosphorus, the cells showed a 42 and 29% reduction in fresh weight, respectively. Incubating the cells with 22 and 44 mg L-1 phosphorus caused a 20 and 13% reduction in fresh weight, respectively. In addition, this study compared the phosphorus concentration of callus cells against literature-reported values of whole cattail plants incubated at similar phosphorus concentrations. Data from this study demonstrate that when the cattail callus cells and whole plants are exposed to similar phosphorus concentrations, the phosphorus concentration in the plant leaves is within the confidence interval (p less than or equal to 0.05) of the phosphorus concentration in the cattail callus cells. This suggests that cattail callus cells can be used to predict the concentration of phosphorus in cattail leaves when they are supplied with similar phosphorus levels. If this relationship between callus cells and whole plants is found to be applicable to other marsh plant species, stormwater wetland managers can use callus cells as a rapid method to screen plants for their capacity to absorb phosphorus before the plant is established in a wetland. This can increase the effectiveness of the wetland to absorb unwanted pollutants from the stormwater entering the site. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ USA. US Infrastruct Inc, Edison, NJ USA. RP Estime, L (reprint author), LePre Environm Consultants, 10169 New Hampshire Ave,Suite 110, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 691 EP 707 DI 10.1081/PLN-120017676 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651NU UT WOS:000181326700016 ER PT J AU Baumgardner, RE Isil, SS Lavery, TF Rogers, CM Mohnen, VA AF Baumgardner, RE Isil, SS Lavery, TF Rogers, CM Mohnen, VA TI Estimates of cloud water deposition at mountain acid deposition program sites in the Appalachian Mountains SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS; HIGH-ELEVATION FOG; WHITEFACE-MOUNTAIN; DRY DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; BALSAM FIR; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK AB Cloud water. deposition was estimated at three high-elevation sites in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States (Whiteface Mountain, NY; Whitetop Mountain, VA; and Clingman's Dome, TN) from 1994 through 1999 as part of the Mountain Acid Deposition Program (MADPro). This paper provides a summary of cloud water chemistry, cloud liquid water content, cloud frequency, estimates of cloud water deposition of sulfur and nitrogen species, and estimates of total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen at these sites. Other cloud studies in the Appalachians and their comparison to MADPro are also summarized. Whiteface Mountain exhibited the lowest mean and median concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen ions in cloud water, while Clingman's Dome exhibited the highest mean and median concentrations. This geographic gradient is partly an effect of the different meteorological conditions experienced at northern versus southern sites in addition to the difference in pollution content. of air masses reaching the sites. All sites measured seasonal cloud water deposition rates of SO42- greater than 5.0 kg/ha and NO3- rates of greater than 25 kg/ha. These high-elevation sites experienced additional deposition loading of SO42- and NO3- on the order of 6-2.0 times greater compared with lower elevation Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. Approximately 80-90% of this extra loading is from cloud deposition. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Harding ESE Inc, Jacksonville Beach, FL USA. World Meteorol Org, Qual Assurance Sci Activ Ctr, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Baumgardner, RE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baumgardner.ralph@epamail.epa.gov; dcisil@aol.com; tflavery@mactec.com; cmrogers@mactec.com; vam@atmos.albany.edu NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 291 EP 308 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 653QQ UT WOS:000181448800005 PM 12661689 ER PT J AU Lewis, CW Norris, GA Conner, TL Henry, RC AF Lewis, CW Norris, GA Conner, TL Henry, RC TI Source apportionment of phoenix PM2.5 aerosol with the Unmix receptor model SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURES; PARTICLES; EXHAUST; ARIZONA; TRACERS; WINTER AB The multivariate receptor model Unmix has been used to analyze a 3-yr PM2.5 ambient aerosol data set collected in Phoenix, AZ, beginning in 1995. The analysis generated source profiles and overall average percentage source contribution estimates (SCEs) for five source categories: gasoline engines (33 4%), diesel engines (16 +/- 2%), secondary SO42- (19 +/- 2%), crustal/soil (22 +/- 2%), and vegetative burning (10 +/- 2%). The Unmix analysis was supplemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a limited number of filter samples for information on possible additional low-strength sources. Except for the diesel engine source category, the Unmix SCEs were generally consistent with an earlier multivariate receptor analysis of essentially the same data using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. This article provides the first demonstration for an urban area of the capability of the Unmix receptor model. C1 US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Lewis, CW (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Mail Code E205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Henry, Ronald/B-2497-2012 NR 50 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 35 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 325 EP 338 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 653QQ UT WOS:000181448800007 PM 12661691 ER PT J AU Dunson, DB Colombo, B AF Dunson, DB Colombo, B TI Bayesian modeling of markers of day-specific fertility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE fertility awareness; growth curve; hierarchical model; latent variables; natural family planning; ovulation method ID SMOOTHING SPLINE MODELS; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; LONGITUDINAL DATA; TWODAY ALGORITHM; REGRESSION; PROBABILITIES; PREGNANCY; OVULATION; DURATION; CURVE AB Cervical mucus hydration increases during the fertile interval before ovulation. Because sperm. can only penetrate mucus having a high water content, cervical secretions provide a reliable marker of the fertile days of the menstrual cycle. This article develops a Bayesian approach for modeling of daily observations of cervical mucus and applies the approach to assess heterogeneity among women and cycles from a given woman with respect to the increase in mucus hydration during the fertile interval. The proposed model relates the mucus observations to an underlying normal mucus hydration score, which varies relative to a peak hydration day. Uncertainty in the timing of the peak is accounted for, and a novel, weighted mixture model is used to characterize heterogeneity in distinct features of the underlying mean function. Prior information on the mucus hydration trajectory is incorporated, and a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is developed. Based on data from a study of daily fecundability, there appears to be substantial heterogeneity among women in detected preovulatory increases in mucus hydration, but only minimal differences among cycles from a given woman. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Stat, Padua, Italy. RP Dunson, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, MD A3-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 98 IS 461 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1198/016214503388619067 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 673MJ UT WOS:000182584500004 ER PT J AU Gerba, CP Nwachuku, N Riley, KR AF Gerba, CP Nwachuku, N Riley, KR TI Disinfection resistance of waterborne pathogens on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Review DE adenovirus; calicivirus; Contaminant Candidate List; disinfection; drinking water; USA; Encephalitozoon intestinalis; Mycobacterium ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DRINKING-WATER; COMPARATIVE INACTIVATION; ENTERIC VIRUSES; MODEL VIRUSES; UV; CYSTS; OZONE AB In 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency developed a list of emerging waterborne microbial pathogens that may pose a risk in drinking water. This review deals with the disinfection resistance of microorganisms on the Contaminate Candidate List or CCL. Current disinfection practices in the United States appear to be capable of dealing with most of the microorganisms on the CCL, with the exception of Mycobacterium avium, and adenoviruses. mycobacterium avium is more resistant to most disinfectants than other waterborne bacteria and adenoviruses are the most resistant waterborne microorganisms to inactivation by ultraviolet disinfection. The microsporidium, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, shows significant resistance to inactivation by chemical disinfectants and further research on additional species of microsporidia appears to be warranted. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gerba, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD MAR PY 2003 VL 52 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 668FL UT WOS:000182279600001 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Molecular epidemiology: potential impacts on the assessment of public health SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molecular epidemiology; cancer; bioindicator; infectious diseases; gene expression analysis ID CANCER; GENOMICS AB In trying to decide what type of scientific paper I could prepare as a tribute to Jim Neel, I thought back over the discussions that we had over some 25 years. Sometimes these discussions were on specific topics such as how to extrapolate from mutation data in mice to those for humans following radiation or chemical exposures. On other occasions, our discussions were of a more philosophical nature, particularly on where the field of epidemiology might or needed to go. For example, what types of data are needed for assessing the public health impact of exposure to environmental agents. Perhaps because I enjoyed these discussions so much, I have chosen to take a look from a current perspective at the field of molecular epidemiology. Jim Neel would have loved to have entered into this discussion; he would have enhanced it in is own inimitable way. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 543 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(03)00009-7 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 661PT UT WOS:000181899500007 PM 12644181 ER PT J AU Thai, SF Allen, JW DeAngelo, AB George, MH Fuscoe, JC AF Thai, SF Allen, JW DeAngelo, AB George, MH Fuscoe, JC TI Altered gene expression in mouse livers after dichloroacetic acid exposure SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mice; dichloroacetic acid; gene expression ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; MALE B6C3F1 MICE; TUMOR-GROWTH; CARCINOMA-CELLS; UP-REGULATION; ANGIOGENESIS; MATRIX; ANGIOSTATIN; INVASION AB Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a major by-product of water disinfection by chlorination. Several studies have demonstrated that DCA exhibits hepatocarcinogenic effects in rodents when administered in-drinking water. This chemical does not appear to be highly mutagenic, and the mechanism(s) involved in DCA induction-of cancer are not clear. The present work was aimed at identifying changes in gene expression which may indicate critical alterations/pathways involved in this chemical's carcinogenic activities. We used cDNA microarray methods for analyses of gene expression in livers of mice treated with the tumorigenic dose of 2 g/l DCA in drinking water for 4 weeks. Total RNA samples obtained from livers of the control and DCA-treated mice were evaluated for gene expression patterns with Clontech Atlas(TM) Mouse 1.2 cDNA and Atlas(TM) mouse stress/toxicology arrays, and the data analyzed with AtlasImage 2.01 and one-way ANOVA in JMP4 software. From replicate experiments, we identified 24 genes with altered expression, of which 15 were confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Of the 15 genes, 14 revealed expression suppressed two- to five-fold; they included the following: MHR 23A, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C29, CYP 3A11, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON 1), liver carboxylesterase, alpha- 1 antitrypsin, ER p72, glutathione S-transferase (GST) Pi 1, angiogenin, vitronectin precursor, cathepsin D (CTSD), plasminogen precursor (contains angiostatin), prothrombin precursor and integrin alpha 3 precursor (ITGA 3). An additional gene, CYP 2A4/5, had a two-fold elevation in expression. Further, in ancillary Northern analyses of total RNA isolated from DCA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas (from earlier reported studies of mice treated with 3.5 g/l DCA for 93 weeks), many of the same genes (11 of 15) noted above showed a similar alteration in expression. In summary, we have identified specific genes involved in the functional categories of cell growth, tissue remodeling, apoptosis, cancer progression and xenobiotic metabolism that have altered levels of expression following exposures to DCA. These findings serve to highlight new pathways in which to further probe DCA effects that may be critical to its tumorigenic activity. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Reprod & Dev Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Thai, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop 68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 543 IS 2 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(03)00014-0 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 661PT UT WOS:000181899500012 PM 12644186 ER PT J AU Dietrich, A Gollasch, M Chubanov, V Schnitzler, MMY Dubrovska, G Herz, U Renz, H Gudermann, T Birnbaumer, L AF Dietrich, A Gollasch, M Chubanov, V Schnitzler, MMY Dubrovska, G Herz, U Renz, H Gudermann, T Birnbaumer, L TI Studies on TRPC6 deficient mice reveal its non-redundant role in the regulation of smooth muscle tone SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Meeting of the Deutsche-Gesellschaft-fur-Experimentelle-und-Klinische-Pharmakologie-und -Toxikologie/20th Gesellschaft-fur-Umwelt-Mutationsforschung CY MAR 17-20, 2003 CL MAINZ, GERMANY SP Deutsch Gesell Exptl & Klin Pharm & Toxikol, Gesell Umwelt-Mutat Forsch C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Klin Chem & Mol Diagnost, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. Max Delbruck Centrum, Franz Volhard Klin, Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Dietrich, Alexander/G-8619-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 367 SU 1 MA 238 BP R63 EP R63 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 670XN UT WOS:000182435500249 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Ward, TR Derr-Yellin, EC McKinney, JD Tilson, HA AF Kodavanti, PRS Ward, TR Derr-Yellin, EC McKinney, JD Tilson, HA TI Increased [H-3]phorbol ester binding in rat cerebellar granule cells and inhibition of Ca-45(2+) buffering in rat cerebellum by hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls; [H-3]phorbol ester binding; Ca-45(2+) sequestration; cerebellar granule cells; cerebellum; structure-activity relationships; neurotoxicity ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; LEAD NEUROTOXICITY; REPEATED EXPOSURE; PCB METABOLITES; ADULT RATS; CONGENERS; BRAIN; MECHANISMS; CALCIUM; AROCLOR-1254 AB Our previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and protein kinase C (PKC) translocation were associated with the extent of coplanarity. Chlorine substitutions at ortho position on the biphenyl, which increase the non-coplanarity; are characteristic of the most active congeners in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects of selected hydroxylated PCBs, which are major PCB metabolites identified in mammals, on the same measures where PCBs had differential effects based on structural configuration. These measures include PKC translocation as determined by [H-3]phorbol ester ([H-3]PDBu) binding in cerebellar granule cells, and Ca2+ sequestration as determined by Ca-45(2+) uptake by microsomes isolated from adult rat cerebellum. All the selected hydroxy-PCBs with ortho-chlorine substitutions increased [H-3]PDBu binding in a concentration-dependent manner and the order of potency as determined by E-50 (concentration that increases control activity by 50%) is 2',4',6'-trichloro-4-biphenylol (32 +/- 4,UM), 2',5'-dichloro-4-biphenylol (70 +/- 9 muM), 2,2',4',5,5'-pentachloro-4-biphenylol (80 +/- 7 muM) and 2,2',5'-trichloro-4-biphenylol (93 +/- 14 muM). All the selected hydroxy-PCBs inhibited microsomal 45Ca2+ uptake to a different extent. Among the hydroxy-PCBs selected, 2',4',6'-trichloro-4-biphenylol is the most active in increasing (3H)PDBu binding as well as inhibiting microsomal Ca-45(2+) uptake. 3,5-Dichloro-4-biphenylol and 3,4',5-trichloro-4-biphenylol did not increase [3H]PDBu binding, but inhibited microsomal Ca-45(2+) uptake. This effect was not related to ionization of these two hydroxy-PCBs. Hydroxylated PCBs seemed to be as active as parent PCBs in vitro. These studies indicate that PCB metabolites such as hydroxy-PCBs might contribute significantly to the neurotoxic responses of PCBs. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Toxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00215-2 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000003 PM 12606291 ER PT J AU Bradbury, SP AF Bradbury, SP TI Computational toxicology: An approach for prioritizing chemical risk assessments SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 MA 8 BP 288 EP 289 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000019 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, DJ Boyes, W AF O'Shaughnessy, DJ Boyes, W TI Chairman's overview of the workshop on developmental neurotoxicity SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS C1 DOC Inc, Sparta, NJ USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 MA 23 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000034 ER PT J AU Makris, SL AF Makris, SL TI A government perspective on the history and use of the developmental neurotoxicity guidelines SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 MA 25 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000036 ER PT J AU Rice, DC AF Rice, DC TI A review of the reference dose and reference concentration process: Identified gaps in testing guidelines SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 MA 28 BP 297 EP 297 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000039 ER PT J AU Rice, DC AF Rice, DC TI Global cycling of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) and session overview SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 MA 38 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000049 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Schwartz, J Dockery, DW AF Wright, JM Schwartz, J Dockery, DW TI Effect of trihalomethane exposure on fetal development SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER MUTAGENICITY; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; URINARY-TRACT CANCERS; BLADDER-CANCER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; INHALED CHLOROFORM; ASSOCIATION; QUALITY AB Aims: To examine the effect of trimester specific and pregnancy average total trihalomethane (TTHM) exposure on infant birth weight, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation in term births, as well as gestational age and preterm delivery in all births. Methods: Cross sectional analysis of 56 513 singleton infants born to residents of Massachusetts during 1990. City specific aggregate data were used to estimate maternal exposure to TTHM concentration; individual maternal information was used to adjust for confounding. Results: Increased pregnancy average and second trimester TTHM exposure were associated with small for gestational age and reductions in birth weight after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Compared to less than or equal to60 mug/l, pregnancy average TTHM exposure over 80 mug/l was associated with a 32 g reduction in birth weight. There was a 23 g reduction in birth weight in infants born to mothers exposed to greater than 80 mug/l TTHM during the second trimester. For each 20 mug/l increase in TTHM, the estimated reduction in birth was 2.8 g for pregnancy average exposure and 2.6 g for second trimester exposure. An increased risk of small for gestational age births was found for pregnancy average (odds ratio (OR) 1.14; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.26) and second trimester (OR 1.13, 95% Cl 1.03 to 1.24) TTHM levels greater than 80 mug/l. There was no evidence of an association between preterm delivery and increased TTHM levels, but there were slight increases in gestational duration associated with TTHM concentrations. Conclusions: Maternal exposure to THMs may be associated with fetal growth retardation. Our findings are consistent with most previous work, although we generally found smaller effects of TTHMs on low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr,MS-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 T32 ES07069] NR 46 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1136/oem.60.3.173 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 652EM UT WOS:000181366900004 PM 12598663 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Ediriwickrema, J Iiames, J Johnson, DM Lyon, JG McKerrow, A Pilant, A AF Lunetta, RS Ediriwickrema, J Iiames, J Johnson, DM Lyon, JG McKerrow, A Pilant, A TI A quantitative assessment of a combined spectral and GIS rule-based land-cover classification in the Neuse River Basin of North Carolina SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The 14,582 km(2) Neuse River Basin in North Carolina was characterized based on a user-defined land-cover (LG) classification system developed specifically to support spatially explicit, non-point source nitrogen allocation modeling studies. Data processing incorporated both spectral and GIS rule-based analytical techniques using multiple date SPOT 4 (XS), Landsat 7 (ETM+), and ancillary data sources. Unique LC classification elements included the identification of urban classes based on impervious surfaces and specific row crop type identifications. Individual pixels were aggregated to produce variable minimum mapping units or landscape "patches" corresponding to both riparian buffer zones (0.1 ha), and general watershed areas (0.4 ha). An accuracy assessment was performed using reference data derived from in situ field measurements and imagery (camera) data. Multiple data interpretations were used to develop a reference database with known data variability to support a quantitative accuracy assessment of LC classification results. Confusion matrices were constructed to incorporate the variability of the reference data directly in the accuracy assessment process. Accuracies were reported for hierarchal classification levels with overall Level 1 classification accuracy of 82 percent (n = 825) for general watershed areas, and 73 percent (n = 391) for riparian buffer zone locations. A Kappa Test Z statistic of 3.3 indicated a significant difference between the two results. Classes that performed poorly were largely associated with the confusion of herbaceous classes with both urban and agricultural areas. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E24305, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Lockheed Martin Serv Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E24305, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lunetta.ross@epa.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 299 EP 310 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 817QU UT WOS:000221192800008 ER PT J AU Snow, MD Bard, RR Olszyk, DM Minster, LM Hager, AN Tingey, DT AF Snow, MD Bard, RR Olszyk, DM Minster, LM Hager, AN Tingey, DT TI Monoterpene levels in needles of Douglas fir exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; WHITE-PINE; EMISSION; PLANT; PATTERNS; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; HERBIVORY; CHEMISTRY AB Monoterpene levels in current year needles of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were measured at the end of 4 years of exposure to ambient or elevated CO2 (+179 mumol mol(-1)), and ambient or elevated temperature (+0.3.5C). Eleven monoterpenes were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/flame ionization detector/mass spectroscopy, with eight of these compounds regularly occurring in all trees examined. Elevated CO2 exposure significantly reduced the levels for four of the eight main compounds in needles. Total monoterpene production was reduced by 52% (P < 0.05). Elevated temperature also reduced monoterpene levels (P < 0.07). The combination of elevated temperature and elevated CO2 resulted in a 64% reduction in total monoterpenes compared with needles on ambient temperature trees. Two-way anova showed no significant temperature-CO2 interaction. It is hypothesized that seasonal reductions in needle monoterpene pools under elevated CO2 and temperature conditions may be due to a combination of competing carbon sinks, including increased carbon flux through the roots. C1 Univ Portland, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97203 USA. Univ Portland, Dept Chem & Phys, Portland, OR 97203 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Snow, MD (reprint author), Univ Portland, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97203 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00035.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 650VN UT WOS:000181284200007 ER PT J AU Lanphear, BP Succop, P Roda, S Henningsen, G AF Lanphear, BP Succop, P Roda, S Henningsen, G TI The effect of soil abatement on blood lead levels in children living near a former smelting and milling operation SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; MINING COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE; ABSORPTION; OMAHA AB Objective. To evaluate the effect of soil abatement on children's blood lead concentrations and on environmental levels of lead and arsenic. Methods. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted. The first (1989) was of a random sample of 6- to 72-month-old children (n=112). The second (1998) included all 6- to 72-month-old children whose parents agreed to participate in the survey (n=215). From 1993 to 1996, soil abatement was conducted around homes with average soil lead concentration >500 parts per million (ppm). Venipuncture blood samples were taken, interviews were conducted, and samples of house dust, soil, water, and paint were tested for lead and arsenic, using identical protocols in both surveys. The expected decline in blood lead concentrations were calculated for children who lived in houses that were abated, compared with children who lived in houses that were not abated. Results. Lead and arsenic in soil and interior dust in homes that underwent soil abatement declined significantly compared to unabated homes (p<.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, the blood lead concentration in children ages 6 to 72 months who lived in soil-abated housing declined 42.8% faster than children who lived in unabated housing (p=0.14). in children ages 6 to 36 months, the decline was 45.4% faster (p=0.03). The estimated reduction in blood lead for children ages 6 to 36 months was 3.5 mug/dL for every 1,000 ppm reduction in soil lead concentration (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.4 mug/dL, 4.6 mug/dL). Conclusion. Soil abatement was associated with a significant decline in children's blood lead and indoor environmental levels of lead and arsenic. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati Childrens Environm Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Lanphear, BP (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati Childrens Environm Hlth Ctr, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50223-6 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AG UT WOS:000187280100001 PM 12690062 ER PT J AU Smith, JH Stehman, SV Wickham, JD Yang, LM AF Smith, JH Stehman, SV Wickham, JD Yang, LM TI Effects of landscape characteristics on land-cover class accuracy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; NEW-YORK; MISCLASSIFICATION AB The effects of patch size and land-cover heterogeneity on classification accuracy were evaluated using reference data collected for the National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) set accuracy assessment. Logistic regression models quantified the relationship between classification accuracy and these landscape variables for each land-cover class at both the Anderson Levels I and II classification schemes employed in the NLCD. The general relationships were consistent, with the odds of correctly classifying a pixel increasing as patch size increased and decreasing as heterogeneity increased. Specific characteristics of these relationships, however, showed considerable diversity among the various classes. Odds ratios are reported to document these relationships. Interaction between the two landscape variables was not a significant influence on classification accuracy, indicating that the effect of heterogeneity was not impacted by the sample being in a small or large patch. Landscape variables remained significant predictors of class-specific accuracy even when adjusted for regional differences in the mapping and assessment processes or landscape characteristics. The land-cover class-specific analyses provide insight into sources of classification error and a capacity for predicting error based on a pixel's mapped land-cover class, patch size and surrounding land-cover heterogeneity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Raytheon Co, ITSS, Eros Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Smith, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 27 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 342 EP 349 AR PII S0034-4257(02)00126-8 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00126-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 656CT UT WOS:000181591800002 ER PT J AU McDorman, KS Chandra, S Hooth, MJ Hester, SD Schoonhoven, R Wolf, DC AF McDorman, KS Chandra, S Hooth, MJ Hester, SD Schoonhoven, R Wolf, DC TI Induction of transitional cell hyperplasia in the urinary bladder and aberrant crypt foci in the colon of rats treated with individual and a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rat; urinary bladder; colon; aberrant crypt foci; water; disinfection by-products; cell proliferation ID POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; F344 RATS; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2<5H>-FURANONE MX; RECTAL CANCERS; CARCINOGENESIS; CHLORINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACID; RISK; PROLIFERATION AB Cancer of the urinary bladder and colon are significant human health concerns. Epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between these cancers and the chronic consumption of chlorinated surface water containing disinfection by-products (DBPs). The present study was designed to determine if exposure to DBPs would cause preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder and colon of rats, and what effect a mixture of DBPs would have on these lesions. Male and female Eker rats were treated via drinking water with low and high concentrations of potassium bromate, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), chloroform, or bromodichloromethane individually or in a mixture for 10 months. The urinary bladders and colons were examined for the presence of preneoplastic lesions. Cell proliferation in the urothelium was examined using immunohistochemical staining for bromodeoxyuridine. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), as well as the number of individual crypts in each ACF, were identified and counted microscopically after staining with 0.2% methylene blue. Colon crypt cell proliferation and mitotic index were determined using immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Labeling indexes for the urinary bladder and colon were calculated based on the percentage of positively labeled cells. Treatment with the high dose of MX caused transitional epithelial hyperplasia and cell proliferation in the rat urinary bladder, and this effect was diminished in the high dose mixture animals. Treatment with 4 individual DBPs, as well as a mixture of them, caused the development of ACF, the putative preneoplastic lesion of colon cancer. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, MD-68,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07126] NR 54 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1080/01926230390183733 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 648XC UT WOS:000181175500011 PM 12696585 ER PT J AU Noble, M Zheng, W Aschner, M Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ AF Noble, M Zheng, W Aschner, M Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ TI Unfolding the secrets in culturing brain cells: Theory, techniques, and beyond. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 3 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500004 ER PT J AU Plowchalk, DR Barton, HA Gupta, S Dixit, R Lipscomb, JC AF Plowchalk, DR Barton, HA Gupta, S Dixit, R Lipscomb, JC TI Choice and application of classical, population or physiologically based PK for chemical assessment and pharmaceutical development. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA USA. Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 10 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500011 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Pope, CN AF Barton, HA Pope, CN TI Cumulative risk assessment getting from toxicology to quantitative analysis. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD,NHEERL, ETD, PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Physiol Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 29 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500030 ER PT J AU Setzer, RW AF Setzer, RW TI Cumulative risk analysis for organophosphorus pesticides. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL MD 74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 32 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500033 ER PT J AU Simmons, J Gennings, C Casey, M Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Carter, WH McDonald, A Sey, YM Teuschler, LK AF Simmons, J Gennings, C Casey, M Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Carter, WH McDonald, A Sey, YM Teuschler, LK TI Designing studies and collecting data useful for cumulative risk assessment. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. VCU, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 34 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500035 ER PT J AU Waters, SB Walton, F Herbin-Davis, KM Styblo, M Thomas, DJ AF Waters, SB Walton, F Herbin-Davis, KM Styblo, M Thomas, DJ TI Cloning, expression, and characterization of rat S-adenosyl-L-methionine: Arsenic(III) methyltransferase (CYT19). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, PTB, ETD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 81 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500083 ER PT J AU Goldman, JM Murr, AS AF Goldman, JM Murr, AS TI Dibromoacetic acid-induced elevations of estradiol in both cycling and ovariectomized/estradiol-implanted female SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, RTD, NHEERL, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 114 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500117 ER PT J AU Bielmeier, SR Murr, AS Best, DS Goldman, JM Narotsky, MG AF Bielmeier, SR Murr, AS Best, DS Goldman, JM Narotsky, MG TI Effects of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) on ex vivo luteal function in the pregnant F344 rat. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 126 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500129 ER PT J AU Du, JT AF Du, JT TI Regulatory determination for manganese in drinking water. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 137 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500140 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Rice, GE Teuschler, LK AF Lipscomb, JC Rice, GE Teuschler, LK TI The cumulative risk of drinking water disinfection by-products: Adequacy of data and approach. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 135 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500138 ER PT J AU Wong, D AF Wong, D TI Health risk assessment for monochloroacetic acid (MCA). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Water, OST HECD, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 136 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500139 ER PT J AU Chiu, NH Moilanen, LH AF Chiu, NH Moilanen, LH TI Evaluation of the oral reference dose for vanadium. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 138 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500141 ER PT J AU Donohue, JM Moilanen, LH AF Donohue, JM Moilanen, LH TI Regulatory determination for naphthalene in drinking water. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Environm Sci, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 141 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500144 ER PT J AU Kueberuwa, SS AF Kueberuwa, SS TI Selection of pre-contaminant candidate list chemicals from universe of drinking water contaminants: A structure-activity approach. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 140 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500143 ER PT J AU DeWoskin, RS Setzer, RW AF DeWoskin, RS Setzer, RW TI A nonsteady state model for the tight binding inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by 5-fluorouracil. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 178 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500181 ER PT J AU Dailey, L Devlin, RB AF Dailey, L Devlin, RB TI Seasonal effects of ultrafine, fine, and coarse particulate matter(PM) on human primary airway epithelial cells. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 187 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500190 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Walsh, LC Gilmour, PS Gilmour, MI Watkinson, WP Nolan, JP Richards, JH Andrews, D Costa, DL AF Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Walsh, LC Gilmour, PS Gilmour, MI Watkinson, WP Nolan, JP Richards, JH Andrews, D Costa, DL TI Consistent inflammatory response following exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) during fall season in Wistar-Kyoto rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 194 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500197 ER PT J AU Watkinson, WP Wichers, LB Nolan, JP Winsett, DW Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MJ Walsh, LC Lappi, ER Terrell, D Slade, R Ledbetter, AD Costa, DL AF Watkinson, WP Wichers, LB Nolan, JP Winsett, DW Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MJ Walsh, LC Lappi, ER Terrell, D Slade, R Ledbetter, AD Costa, DL TI Concentrated ambient particulate studies in healthy and compromised rodents. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PTB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. UNC, SPH, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 192 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500195 ER PT J AU Wichers, LB Nolan, JP Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MJ Winsett, DW Costa, DL Watkinson, WP AF Wichers, LB Nolan, JP Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MJ Winsett, DW Costa, DL Watkinson, WP TI Effects of exposure to concentrated ambient particulates on indices of cardiopulmonary and thermoregulatory function in healthy and monocrotaline-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 UNC, SPH, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PTB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 193 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500196 ER PT J AU Gilmour, I O'Connor, S Dick, C Daniels, M Miller, A Linak, WP AF Gilmour, I O'Connor, S Dick, C Daniels, M Miller, A Linak, WP TI Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity by size fractionated particles collected from combusted coal emissions. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, CEMLB, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Atom Energy Comm, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 195 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500198 ER PT J AU Gilmour, PS Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Kodavanti, UP AF Gilmour, PS Schladweiler, MC Ledbetter, AD Kodavanti, UP TI Spontaneously hypertensive rats are susceptible to microvascular thrombosis in response to particulate matter exposure. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 UNC, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, PTB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 196 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500199 ER PT J AU Instanes, C Ward, MD Groeng, E Hetland, G AF Instanes, C Ward, MD Groeng, E Hetland, G TI The pesticide metarhizium anisopliae has an adjuvant effect on the allergic response to ovalbumin in mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Norweigan Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 248 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500251 ER PT J AU Viana, ME Selgrade, MK Ward, MD AF Viana, ME Selgrade, MK Ward, MD TI Partial characterization of allergens in extracts of Stachybotrys chartarum. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCSU, MBS CVM, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 258 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500261 ER PT J AU Proctor, DM Ohanian, EV AF Proctor, DM Ohanian, EV TI Health risk assessment of hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Carcinogenicity, research, and regulation. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC USA. Exponent, Irvine, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 277 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500280 ER PT J AU Gavett, SH Haykal-Coates, N Chen, L Cohen, MD Costa, DL AF Gavett, SH Haykal-Coates, N Chen, L Cohen, MD Costa, DL TI Respiratory toxicological effects of world trade center fine particulate matter in mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NYU Med Ctr, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 287 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500290 ER PT J AU Grant, LD Pinto, JP Galizia, A AF Grant, LD Pinto, JP Galizia, A TI Approaches to evaluation of potential human exposures and health impacts associated with airborne contaminants from world trade center collapse/fires. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 288 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500291 ER PT J AU Maddaloni, MA AF Maddaloni, MA TI Indoor air assessment for the world trade center site: Selecting contaminants of potential concern and setting health-based benchmarks. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 289 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500292 ER PT J AU Schmieder, PK Tapper, MA Kolanczyk, RC Hammermeister, DE Sheedy, BR Denny, JS AF Schmieder, PK Tapper, MA Kolanczyk, RC Hammermeister, DE Sheedy, BR Denny, JS TI Discriminating redox cycling and arylation pathways of reactive chemical toxicity in trout hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE toxicity pathways; cross-species extrapolation; quinones; glutathione; reactive oxygen species; protein thiol; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FATHEAD MINNOW; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FISH; NAPHTHOQUINONES; ELECTROPHILES AB The toxicity of four quinones, 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMONQ), 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), which redox cycle or arlyate in mammalian cells, was determined in isolated trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. More than 70% of cells died in 3 h when exposed to BQ or NQ; 50% died in 7 h when exposed to MNQ, with no mortality compared to controls after 7 h DMONQ exposure. A suite of biochemical parameters was assessed for ability to discriminate these reactivity pathways in fish. Rapid depletion of glutathione (GSH) with appearance of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and increased dichlorofluoroscein fluorescence were used as indicators of redox cycling, noted with DMONQ, MNQ, and NQ. Depletion of GSH with no GSSG accumulation, and loss of free protein thiol (PrSH) groups (nonreducible) indicated direct arylation by BQ. All toxicants rapidly oxidized NADH, with changes in NADPH noted later (BQ, NQ, MNQ) or not at all (DMONQ). Biochemical measures including cellular energy status, cytotoxicity, and measures of reactive oxygen species, along with the key parameters of GSH and PrSH redox status, allowed differentiation of responses associated with lethality. Chemicals that arylate were more potent than redox cyclers. Toxic pathway discrimination is needed to group chemicals for potency predictions and identification of structural parameters associated with distinct types of reactive toxicity, a necessary step for development of mechanistically based quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to predict chemical toxic potential. The commonality of reactivity mechanisms between rodents and fish was also demonstrated, a step essential for species extrapolations. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Schmieder, PK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg016 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 651DN UT WOS:000181305300007 PM 12604835 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SM White, LD Barone, S AF Jenkins, SM White, LD Barone, S TI Structure-activity relationship among organotins in a model of neuronal differentiation and programmed cell death. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Neurotox Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. UNC, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 339 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500342 ER PT J AU Herr, DW Graff, JE Little, PB George, N Morgan, DL Sills, RC AF Herr, DW Graff, JE Little, PB George, N Morgan, DL Sills, RC TI 12 week exposure to carbonyl sulfide produces brain lesions and changes in brainstem auditory (BAER) and somatosensory (SEP) evoked potentials in Fischer 344N rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Neurotoxicol, Durham, NC USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 347 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500350 ER PT J AU Bercegeay, M Kenyon, EM Boyes, WK AF Bercegeay, M Kenyon, EM Boyes, WK TI Acute neurotoxic effects of inhaled perchloroethylene on pattern visual evoked potentials as a function of exposure and estimated blood and brain concentration. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 353 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500356 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Eklund, CR Janssen, P Simmons, JE AF Boyes, WK Eklund, CR Janssen, P Simmons, JE TI Duration adjustment of acute exposure guideline level (AEGL) values for trichloroethylene (TCE) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 354 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500357 ER PT J AU Jarema, KA MacPhail, RC AF Jarema, KA MacPhail, RC TI Comparative effects of weekly exposures to anatoxin-A and nicotine on the operant performance of rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 359 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500362 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Best, DS Bielmeier, SR Cooper, RL AF Narotsky, MG Best, DS Bielmeier, SR Cooper, RL TI Dose additivity of atrazine and bromodichloromethane in causing pregnancy loss in F344 rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 371 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500374 ER PT J AU Rayner, JL Fenton, SE AF Rayner, JL Fenton, SE TI Exposure parameters for delayed puberty and mammary gland development in Long-Evans rats exposed in utero to atrazine. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ N Carolina, DESE, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 372 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500375 ER PT J AU Chin, AO Chen, C Chin, N Beaubier, J Donehower, L Singh, D AF Chin, AO Chen, C Chin, N Beaubier, J Donehower, L Singh, D TI Time to fatal tumor in p53 knockout mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, OST, ODW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, OPPT, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microb Mol Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 409 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500412 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AB George, MH Kilburn, S Geter, DR AF DeAngelo, AB George, MH Kilburn, S Geter, DR TI The failure of chloroform administered in the drinking water to induce renal cell cancer in the F344/N rat. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 405 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500408 ER PT J AU Adeshina, E Mast, T Moore, N Mahfouz, A Protzel, A Choudhury, H AF Adeshina, E Mast, T Moore, N Mahfouz, A Protzel, A Choudhury, H TI Identifying triazine herbicides on EPA drinking water contaminant candidate list (CCL) for common mechanism of toxicity and cumulative risk assessment SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Battelle Pacific, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 436 BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500439 ER PT J AU Sierra-Santoyo, A Barton, HA Hughes, MF AF Sierra-Santoyo, A Barton, HA Hughes, MF TI HPLC analysis of vinclozolin and its metabolites in serum. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. IPN, CINVESTAV, Toxicol Sect, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 441 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500444 ER PT J AU Nadadur, SS Costa, DL AF Nadadur, SS Costa, DL TI Differential transcription factor activation and gene expression profiles in human vascular endothelial cells on exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) and vanadium. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 445 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500448 ER PT J AU Miracle, A Lattier, D Aronow, B Tomlinson, C Toth, G AF Miracle, A Lattier, D Aronow, B Tomlinson, C Toth, G TI Variation in gene expression profiles for 17-alpha ethinyl estradiol in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NERL, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Genom & Microarray Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Dev Biol & Pediat Informati, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RI Aronow, Bruce/F-8438-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 452 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500455 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Wilson, VS Schmid, JE Gray, LE AF Rosen, MB Wilson, VS Schmid, JE Gray, LE TI Gene array analysis of the ventral prostate in rats exposed to either vinclozolin or procymidone. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 454 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500457 ER PT J AU He, Y Craven, HR Barnes, DK Bell, DA AF He, Y Craven, HR Barnes, DK Bell, DA TI Differential response of human cell lines to arsenic: Evaluation of candidate genes. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 483 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500486 ER PT J AU Roberts, ES Charboneau, L Liotta, L Petricoin, E Dreher, KL AF Roberts, ES Charboneau, L Liotta, L Petricoin, E Dreher, KL TI Alterations in airway intracellular signaling pathways following air pollution particle (PM) exposure using laser capture microdissection and protein array technologies. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, CBER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 513 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500516 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Bystanders, adaptive responses and genomic instability - Potential modifiers of low-dose cancer responses. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 544 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500547 ER PT J AU Dong, W Selgrade, MK Gilmour, MI AF Dong, W Selgrade, MK Gilmour, MI TI Systemic administration of Bordetella pertussis enhances pulmonary sensitization to house dust mite in juvenile rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pertussis; dust mite; allergy; IgE; lymphocyte; eosinophil; vaccine; rat ID IGE RESPONSES; ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ATOPIC DISEASE; CHILDREN; TOXIN; VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; EXPOSURE AB The incidence of allergies and asthma has increased significantly in the past few decades. The objectives of this study were to establish an allergy model in weanling rats to more closely reflect the developing immune system of children, and to determine whether systemic administration of inactivated Bordetella pertussis could enhance pulmonary and systemic immune responses to locally administered house dust mite antigen (HDM). Three-week old female Brown Norway rats were sensitized with 10 mug HDM intratracheally or intraperitoneally, with or without a simultaneous injection of 10(8) whole killed B. pertussis organisms. Ten days later, all the rats were challenged with 5 mug HDM via the trachea. Bronchial lymph nodes and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were collected 0, 2, and 4 days post-challenge. Coadministration of pertussis and intratracheal instillation of HDM enhanced HDM-specific lymphoproliferative responses and increased BAL levels of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, HDM-specific IgE and IgG antibodies, and the number of eosinophils in BAL to the same extent as had occurred in the systemically immunized animals. The data show that intratracheal instillation of HDM induces a mild allergic sensitization in juvenile rats, and that ip injection with B. pertussis enhances this sensitization process to levels seen in animals injected with antigen and B pertussis together. These results suggest that simultaneous exposure to Th2-inducing vaccine components and allergenic proteins may be a risk factor for allergic sensitization and the development of asthma in susceptible individuals. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-92, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg015 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 651DN UT WOS:000181305300012 PM 12604840 ER PT J AU Treinen, KA Hunter, ES AF Treinen, KA Hunter, ES TI Genomics and proteomics in reproductive and developmental toxicity SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Schering Plough Res Inst, Lafayette, NJ USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Dev Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 549 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500552 ER PT J AU Klinefelter, GR AF Klinefelter, GR TI Saga of a novel sperm biomarker: Discovery to proof of concept SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 553 BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500556 ER PT J AU Olgun, S Adeshina, E Choudhury, H Misra, HP AF Olgun, S Adeshina, E Choudhury, H Misra, HP TI Pesticide mixtures increased immunotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice, in vivo. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Edward Via Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 586 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500589 ER PT J AU Rooney, AA Luebke, RW Matulka, RA AF Rooney, AA Luebke, RW Matulka, RA TI Perinatal exposure to atrazine suppresses juvenile immune function in male, but not female Sprague-Dawley rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCSU, US EPA, Dept Anat Physiol Sci & Radiol, Raleigh, NC USA. UNC, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 583 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500586 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Sui, L AF Gilbert, ME Sui, L TI Developmental hypothyroidism impairs hippocampal learning and synaptic transmission in vivo. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 601 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500604 ER PT J AU MacPhail, R Farmer, JD Padnos, BK Crofton, KM AF MacPhail, R Farmer, JD Padnos, BK Crofton, KM TI Lack of effect of perinatal exposure to a polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) on the habituation of motor activity in adult rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 599 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500602 ER PT J AU Raffaele, KC Sette, WF Makris, SL Moser, VC Crofton, KM AF Raffaele, KC Sette, WF Makris, SL Moser, VC Crofton, KM TI Motor activity in developmental neurotoxicity testing: A cross-laboratory comparison of control data. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, OPP, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 598 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500601 ER PT J AU Sui, L Anderson, WL Gilbert, ME AF Sui, L Anderson, WL Gilbert, ME TI Persistent impairments in short-term, but enhanced long-term, synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA1 following developmental hypothyroidism. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 600 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500603 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Hedge, JM Gilbert, ME DeVito, MJ Crofton, K AF Taylor, MM Hedge, JM Gilbert, ME DeVito, MJ Crofton, K TI Perinatal exposure to a polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71): Disruption of thyroid homeostasis and neurobehavioral development. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 602 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500605 ER PT J AU Owen, HN Moser, VC Royland, JE AF Owen, HN Moser, VC Royland, JE TI Brain beta 1 integrin protein expression in rat pups exposed to monomethyltin (MMT). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 620 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500623 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Stoker, TE Ferrell, J Leffler, K Bremser, K Laws, SC AF Cooper, RL Stoker, TE Ferrell, J Leffler, K Bremser, K Laws, SC TI Impact of body weight (BW) change on the EDSTAC Tier I male and female pubertal protocols. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 631 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500634 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Wood, CR Held, GA Lambright, CS Ostby, JS Furr, JR Gray, LE AF Wilson, VS Wood, CR Held, GA Lambright, CS Ostby, JS Furr, JR Gray, LE TI Comparison of the effects of two AR antagonists on tissue weights and hormone levels in male rats and on expression of three androgen dependent genes in the ventral prostate. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 639 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500642 ER PT J AU Cardon, MC Hartig, PC Gray, L Wilson, VS AF Cardon, MC Hartig, PC Gray, L Wilson, VS TI Rainbow trout androgen receptor alpha and human androgen receptor: Comparisons in the COS whole cell binding assay. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, RTD, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 642 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500645 ER PT J AU Schreurs, R Legler, J Lanser, P Seinen, W Van der Burg, M AF Schreurs, R Legler, J Lanser, P Seinen, W Van der Burg, M TI Anti-estrogenic activity of polycyclic musks in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, NTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Legler, Juliette/N-3393-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 658 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500661 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Ferrell, J Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Cooper, RL Laws, SC AF Stoker, TE Ferrell, J Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Cooper, RL Laws, SC TI Assessment of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)mixture, in the EDSP male pubertal protocol. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, NTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 659 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500662 ER PT J AU Kosian, PA Cotter, AM Degitz, SJ Tietge, JE AF Kosian, PA Cotter, AM Degitz, SJ Tietge, JE TI Analysis of thyroid hormone and related iodinated compounds by HPLC-ICP/MS. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 663 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500666 ER PT J AU Lau, C Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Grey, BE Rogers, JM AF Lau, C Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Grey, BE Rogers, JM TI Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) disrupts the thyroid status in laboratory rodents. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 661 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500664 ER PT J AU Laws, SC Ferrell, JM Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Cooper, RL Stoker, TE AF Laws, SC Ferrell, JM Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Cooper, RL Stoker, TE TI The effects of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture, on female pubertal development and thyroid function. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 660 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500663 ER PT J AU Diamond, GL Choudhury, H Thayer, WC AF Diamond, GL Choudhury, H Thayer, WC TI A cadmium pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKPD) model for use in risk assessment. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Syracuse Res Corp, Environm Sci Ctr, Syracuse, NY USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 680 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500685 ER PT J AU Barron, MA Haber, L Dourson, M AF Barron, MA Haber, L Dourson, M TI Updated phenol reference dose: Considerations in applying immunotoxicity data and the role of endogenous production. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 690 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500695 ER PT J AU Euling, SY Sonawane, B AF Euling, SY Sonawane, B TI Cross species mode of action information assessment for Bisphenol A. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 696 BP 143 EP 144 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500701 ER PT J AU Poirier, KA Cicmanec, J Abernathy, CO Donohue, JM AF Poirier, KA Cicmanec, J Abernathy, CO Donohue, JM TI Comparison of the nutritional requirement and risk assessment for essential trace elements (ETES) by the institute of medicine (IOM) and the USEPA: Zinc a case study. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 TERA, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 695 BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500700 ER PT J AU Mahfouz, AM Stern, BR Haber, LT AF Mahfouz, AM Stern, BR Haber, LT TI Weight-of-evidence characterization of the endocrine-modulating effects of atrazine: Implications for human health risk assessment. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Off Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. BR Stern Associates, Annandale, VA USA. TERA, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 699 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500704 ER PT J AU Kenyon, EM Del Razo, L Hughes, MF AF Kenyon, EM Del Razo, L Hughes, MF TI Comparative tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its methylated metabolites in mice following oral administration of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, PKB, ETD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. IPN, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 717 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500723 ER PT J AU Lehmler, H Price, DJ Garrison, W Birge, WJ Robertson, LW AF Lehmler, H Price, DJ Garrison, W Birge, WJ Robertson, LW TI Distribution of PCB 84 atropisomers in female C57BL/6 mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Sch Biol Sci, Lexington, KY USA. US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 719 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500725 ER PT J AU Hornung, M Cook, PM Nichols, JW AF Hornung, M Cook, PM Nichols, JW TI Use of whole-organism chemical residue analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy to describe the distribution of PBTs in fish early life stages. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, MED, NHEERL, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 721 BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500727 ER PT J AU Geter, DR Fournie, JW Brouwer, MH DeAngelo, AB Hawkins, WE AF Geter, DR Fournie, JW Brouwer, MH DeAngelo, AB Hawkins, WE TI Detoxitication and mutagenic response in medaka (oryzias latipes) exposed to 3-chloro4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-[5h]-furantone (MX). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 751 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500757 ER PT J AU Herkovits, J Munoz, LM Asorey, CM Lipscomb, JC AF Herkovits, J Munoz, LM Asorey, CM Lipscomb, JC TI Application of amphitox assay to determine the toxicity of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Fdn PROSAMA, Inst Ciencias Ambientales & Salud, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 759 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500764 ER PT J AU Richard, AM Williams, CR AF Richard, AM Williams, CR TI Progress report on the DSSTox database network: Newly launched website, applications, future plans. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NC Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 766 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500771 ER PT J AU Talmage, S Rodgers, G Krewski, D Bakshi, K Garrett, R AF Talmage, S Rodgers, G Krewski, D Bakshi, K Garrett, R TI Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for hydrogen cyanide. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 774 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500780 ER PT J AU Bast, C Bress, W Garrett, R Krewski, D Bakshi, K AF Bast, C Bress, W Garrett, R Krewski, D Bakshi, K TI Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for phosgene. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RI Bast, Cheryl/B-9436-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 778 BP 160 EP 161 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500784 ER PT J AU Opresko, D Watson, A Still, K Hauschild, V Leach, G Krewski, D Bakshi, K Garrett, R Young, R AF Opresko, D Watson, A Still, K Hauschild, V Leach, G Krewski, D Bakshi, K Garrett, R Young, R TI Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for sulfur mustard (Agent HD). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USN, NHRC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 776 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500782 ER PT J AU Watson, AP Young, R Opresko, D Hauschild, V Leach, G Hinz, J Koller, L Bress, W Still, K Krewski, D Garrett, R Bakshi, K AF Watson, AP Young, R Opresko, D Hauschild, V Leach, G Hinz, J Koller, L Bress, W Still, K Krewski, D Garrett, R Bakshi, K TI Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for nerve agents. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USAF, AFIERA, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Environm Hlth & Toxicol, Corvallis, OR USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USN, NHRC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 775 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500781 ER PT J AU Young, R Thomas, R Garrett, R Krewski, D Bakshi, K AF Young, R Thomas, R Garrett, R Krewski, D Bakshi, K TI Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for arsine. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 INTERCET Ltd, Mclean, VA USA. ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 777 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500783 ER PT J AU Langenbach, R Nyska, A Brodsky, B Wormser, U AF Langenbach, R Nyska, A Brodsky, B Wormser, U TI Effects of sulfur mustard on skin toxicity in COX-1- and COX-2-deficient mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Life Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 784 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500790 ER PT J AU Madden, MC Kadiiska, M AF Madden, MC Kadiiska, M TI Novel insights into the toxicology of lung oxidative stress. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, HSD,Clin Res Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 812 BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500818 ER PT J AU Ghio, A AF Ghio, A TI Modulation of transition metal-induced injury by metal transport proteins. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 816 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500822 ER PT J AU Hatch, GE AF Hatch, GE TI Use of oxygen-18 isotope labeling for measurement of oxidative stress. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 814 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500820 ER PT J AU Kimmel, CA AF Kimmel, CA TI Overview of the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) study. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 819 BP 168 EP 169 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500825 ER PT J AU Makris, SL Weiner, ML AF Makris, SL Weiner, ML TI Introduction: Challenges of the developmental neurotoxicity study. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, OPPTS, OPP, HED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FMC Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 818 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500824 ER PT J AU Dellarco, VL AF Dellarco, VL TI Updating cancer assessment principles: An EPA perspective. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 824 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500830 ER PT J AU Doyle, EA AF Doyle, EA TI Application of the DNT study results to risk assessment under FQPA. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, OPP, OPPTS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 822 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500828 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Buckalew, AR Leffler, KE AF Abbott, BD Buckalew, AR Leffler, KE TI Evidence for EGFR pathway mediation of cleft palate induction by TCDD. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 828 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500834 ER PT J AU Matulka, RA Rooney, AA Williams, W Copeland, CB Smialowicz, RJ AF Matulka, RA Rooney, AA Williams, W Copeland, CB Smialowicz, RJ TI Perinatal exposure to the pesticide heptachlor produces alterations in immune function parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 UNC, Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, ETD, ITB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCSU, CVM, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 830 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500836 ER PT J AU King, MD Lindsay, DS Holladay, SD Ehrich, M AF King, MD Lindsay, DS Holladay, SD Ehrich, M TI Neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity assessment in CBA/J mice with chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection and multiple low dose exposures to methylmercury. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 843 BP 173 EP 174 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500849 ER PT J AU Emond, C DeVito, MJ Birnbaum, LS AF Emond, C DeVito, MJ Birnbaum, LS TI Utilization of a pbpk model to predict the distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in humans during critical windows of development SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL,ETD,PKB, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 874 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500880 ER PT J AU Oshiro, WM Samsam, TE Krantz, QT Watkinson, WP Bushnell, PJ AF Oshiro, WM Samsam, TE Krantz, QT Watkinson, WP Bushnell, PJ TI Age-related differences in heart rate, but not body temperature in rats performing operant tasks at equivalent trial rates in air and while inhaling toluene. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 878 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500884 ER PT J AU Clark, LH Barton, HA Setzer, RW AF Clark, LH Barton, HA Setzer, RW TI Evaluating a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for use in risk assessment. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 885 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500891 ER PT J AU Eklund, CR Simmons, JE Evans, MV AF Eklund, CR Simmons, JE Evans, MV TI Use of sensitivity analysis on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for chloroform in rats to determine age-related toxicity. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, PKB, ETD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, HEASD, NERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 883 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500889 ER PT J AU Haber, L Gentry, P Zhao, Q McDonald, T Nance, P Bartow, H VanLandingham, C Foureman, G Barton, HA DeWoskin, RS Lipscomb, JC AF Haber, L Gentry, P Zhao, Q McDonald, T Nance, P Bartow, H VanLandingham, C Foureman, G Barton, HA DeWoskin, RS Lipscomb, JC TI Physiological parameters in developing rats and mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 TERA, Cincinnati, OH USA. Environ, Princeton, NJ USA. US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 887 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500893 ER PT J AU Galizia, A AF Galizia, A TI USEPA's response activities to the World Trade Center disaster. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Edison, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 902 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500908 ER PT J AU Petersen, DD Kobb, D AF Petersen, DD Kobb, D TI Risk factors in carbon monoxide poisoning SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 911 BP 188 EP 188 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500917 ER PT J AU Denny, JS Henry, TR AF Denny, JS Henry, TR TI Relative binding affinity of endocrine disrupting chemicals to estrogen receptor in two species of freshwater fish. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Duluth, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 932 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500938 ER PT J AU Mills, LJ Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Horowitz, DB Zaroogian, GE AF Mills, LJ Gutjahr-Gobell, RE Horowitz, DB Zaroogian, GE TI Effects of atrazine on reproductive success in the marine fish, cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 933 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500939 ER PT J AU Tolson, JK Dix, DJ Voellmy, RW Roberts, SM AF Tolson, JK Dix, DJ Voellmy, RW Roberts, SM TI Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in HSP 70i knockout mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biochem, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 952 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500958 ER PT J AU Ramos, KS Johnson, CD Falahatpisheh, MH Thomas, T Beremand, P Tadesse, M Lu, KP Balagurunathan, Y Afshari, CA Dougherty, R AF Ramos, KS Johnson, CD Falahatpisheh, MH Thomas, T Beremand, P Tadesse, M Lu, KP Balagurunathan, Y Afshari, CA Dougherty, R TI Application of clustering methodologies to the analysis of altered cellular phenotypes induced by oxidative stress. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Environm & Rural Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1084 BP 223 EP 223 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501090 ER PT J AU Paules, RS Hamadeh, HK Afshari, CA Tennant, RW Bushel, PR AF Paules, RS Hamadeh, HK Afshari, CA Tennant, RW Bushel, PR TI Toxicogenomics and the quest for predictive toxicology. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenomics, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1086 BP 224 EP 224 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501092 ER PT J AU Costa, DL AF Costa, DL TI Issues that must be addressed for risk assessment of mixed exposures: EPA experience with ambient air quality. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1100 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501106 ER PT J AU Katz, AJ Chiu, AO Singh, DX Chiu, N Beaubier, J Shi, X AF Katz, AJ Chiu, AO Singh, DX Chiu, N Beaubier, J Shi, X TI Screening nickel carcinogens for induction of mitotic recombination in D melanogaster. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1140 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501146 ER PT J AU Ramsdell, J Woofter, R Dechraoui, MB Garthwaite, I Towers, NR Gordon, CJ AF Ramsdell, J Woofter, R Dechraoui, MB Garthwaite, I Towers, NR Gordon, CJ TI Measurement of blood brevetoxin levels by radioimmunoassay of blood collection cards after acute, long-term and low dose exposure in mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. AgRes, Food Sci Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand. US EPA, NEEHRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1168 BP 240 EP 241 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501174 ER PT J AU Sams, R Carty, C Schmitt, A Inmon, J Rhoney, S Hudgens, E Calderon, R Gallagher, J AF Sams, R Carty, C Schmitt, A Inmon, J Rhoney, S Hudgens, E Calderon, R Gallagher, J TI Comparative analysis of reactive oxygen species in human plasma and blood. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Carty, Cara/B-8683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1169 BP 241 EP 241 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501175 ER EF