FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mekenyan, O Kamenska, V Serafimova, R Poellinger, L Brouwer, A Walker, J AF Mekenyan, O Kamenska, V Serafimova, R Poellinger, L Brouwer, A Walker, J TI Development and validation of an average mammalian estrogen receptor-based QSAR model SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptor; reactivity pattern; endocrine disruption; 3D QSAR model ID HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; ALPHA BINDING-AFFINITY; POLYCHLORINATED HYDROXYBIPHENYLS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; LIGAND FLEXIBILITY; DYNAMIC QSAR; CONFORMATIONS; ANTIESTROGENS; ESTRADIOL; SITE AB Development and evaluation of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting estrogen receptor binding from chemical structure requires reliable algorithms for three-dimensional (3D) QSAR analysis and establishment of structurally diverse training sets of chemicals whose modes of action and measures of potency are well defined. One approach to selecting an appropriate training set is to minimize the biological variability in the model development, by using structurally restricted data sets. A second approach is to extend the structural diversity of chemicals at the cost of increased variability of biological assays. In this study, the second approach was used by organizing a training set of 151 chemicals with measured human alpha Estrogen Receptor (ERalpha), mouse uterine, rat uterine, and MCF7 cell Relative Binding Affinities (RBAs). The structurally augmented training set was submitted to a 3D pattern recognition analysis to derive a model for average mammalian ER binding affinity by employing the COmmon REactivity PAttern (COREPA) approach. Elucidation of this pattern required examination of the conformational flexibility of the compounds in an attempt to reveal areas in the multidimensional descriptor space, which are most populated by the conformers of the biologically active molecules and least populated by the inactive ones. The approach is not dependent upon a predetermined and specified toxicophore or an alignment of conformers to a lead compound. Reactivity patterns associated with mammalian ER binding affinity were obtained in terms of global nucleophilicity (E-HOMO), interatomic distances between nucleophilic sites, and local nucleophilicity (charges or delocalizabilities) of those sites. Based on derived patterns, descriptor profiles were established for identifying and ranking compounds with RBA of >150, 150-10, 10-1 and 1-0.1% relative to 17beta-estradiol. Specificity of reactivity profiles was found to increase gradually with increasing affinities associated with RBAs ranges under study. Using the results of this analysis, an exploratory expert system was developed for use in ranking relative mammalian ER binding affinity potential for large chemical data sets. The validity of the RBA predictions were confirmed by independent development and comparison with measured RBA values. C1 Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. Karolinska Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. US EPA, TSCA Interagency Testing Comm, Washington, DC USA. RP Mekenyan, O (reprint author), Univ As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 579 EP 595 DI 10.1080/1062936021000020044 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 594AV UT WOS:000178027400002 PM 12479373 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Carlsen, L Hulzebos, E Simon-Hettich, B AF Walker, JD Carlsen, L Hulzebos, E Simon-Hettich, B TI Global government applications of analogues, SARs and QSARs to predict aquatic toxicity, chemical or physical properties, environmental fate parameters and health effects of organic chemicals SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SARs; QSARs; government; effects; environmental fate; physicochemical properties ID DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM; SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT; TESTING STRATEGIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; HAZARD; TSCA; ALIPHATICS; CREATION; DESIGN AB Faced with the need to predict physical and chemical properties, environmental fate, ecological effects and health effects of organic chemicals in the absence of experimental data, several Government organizations have been applying analogues, Structure Activity Relationships (SARs) and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) to develop those predictions. To establish some benchmarks for monitoring future increases in applications of analogues, SARs and QSARs by global Government organizations, this paper describes the current applications of analogues, SARs and QSARs by Australian, Canadian, Danish, European, German, Japanese, Netherlands, and United States Government organizations to predict physical and chemical properties, environmental fate, ecological effects and health effects of organic chemicals. C1 US EPA, TSCA, ITC, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Technol & Social Studies, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Substances & Risk, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Merck KGAA, Inst Toxicol, D-64271 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA, ITC, 7401M,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Carlsen, Lars/D-9058-2012 NR 44 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1080/1062936021000020062 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 594AV UT WOS:000178027400004 PM 12479375 ER PT J AU Hooth, MJ McDorman, KS Hester, SD George, MH Brooks, LR Swank, AE Wolf, DC AF Hooth, MJ McDorman, KS Hester, SD George, MH Brooks, LR Swank, AE Wolf, DC TI The carcinogenic response of Tsc2 mutant Long-Evans (Eker) rats to a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products was less than additive SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Eker rat; renal; drinking water; disinfection by-products; mixtures; kidney ID 25 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; POTASSIUM BROMATE; MUTAGEN 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; CHEMICAL-MIXTURE; CHLOROFORM; TOXICOLOGY; CANCER; GENE; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE AB Cancer risk assessment methods for chemical mixtures in drinking water are not well defined. Current default risk assessments for chemical mixtures assume additivity of carcinogenic effects, but this may not represent the actual biological response. A rodent model of hereditary renal cancer (Eker rat) was used to evaluate the carcinogenicity of mixtures of water disinfection by-products (DBPs). Male and female Eker rats were treated with individual DBPs or a mixture of DBPs for 4 or 10 months. Potassium bromate, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, chloroform, and bromodichloromethane were administered in drinking water at low concentrations of 0.02, 0.005, 0.4, and 0.07 g/l, respectively, and high concentrations of 0.4, 0.07, 1.8, and 0.7 g/l, respectively. Low and high dose mixture solutions comprised all four chemicals at either the low or the high concentrations, respectively. Body weights, water consumption, and chemical concentrations in the water were measured monthly. All tissues were examined macroscopically for masses and all masses were diagnosed microscopically. Total renal lesions (adenomas and carcinomas) were quantitated microscopically in male and female rats treated for 4 or 10 months. A dose response for renal tumors was present in most treatment groups after 4 or 10 months of treatment. Treatment with the mixture produced on average no more renal, splenic, or uterine tumors than the individual compound with the greatest effect. This study suggests that the default assumption of additivity may overestimate the carcinogenic effect of chemical mixtures in drinking water. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-68,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 322 EP 331 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.2.322 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 603KW UT WOS:000178559500006 PM 12377981 ER PT J AU Euling, SY Gennings, C Wilson, EM Kemppainen, JA Kelce, WR Kimmel, CA AF Euling, SY Gennings, C Wilson, EM Kemppainen, JA Kelce, WR Kimmel, CA TI Response-surface modeling of the effect of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and androgen receptor levels on the response to the androgen antagonist vinclozolin SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; androgen antagonist; antiandrogen; vinclozolin; critical windows; male development; response-surface modeling; testosterone; androgen receptor ID RAT TESTIS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; FUNGICIDE; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; HYDROXYFLUTAMIDE; STEROIDOGENESIS; ANTIANDROGENS AB Androgens secreted by the testes bind the androgen receptor in developing target tissues to induce the expression of genes required for male sexual differentiation and development. Androgen concentration and androgen receptor levels vary in male reproductive target tissues during development. Exposure to environmental androgen antagonists during critical windows of fetal and postnatal development can inhibit male sexual development by blocking transcription of androgen-dependent genes. As the sensitivity to androgen antagonists under conditions of varying androgen concentrations and varying androgen receptor levels is unknown, we used a luciferase reporter assay to investigate the transcriptional effects of a known androgen antagonist (the vinclozolin metabolite M2) at different androgen concentrations and different androgen receptor levels. The ability of M2 to inhibit transcription was greater at lower concentrations of androgen (5alpha-dihydrotestosterone) and androgen receptor. The data were modeled to determine the dose-response surface of M2 and androgen receptor concentrations at different 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels and the relationship of the 3 components to the response. The model and hypothesis testing results suggest that, at 0.01 and 0.1 nM 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations within the expected in vivo range of free androgen levels during development, the response-surface shapes were similar and the interaction of the androgen receptor and M2 concentrations to the response were similarly antagonistic. Thus, two components of the developmental stage, androgen and androgen receptor concentrations, are critical for sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of an androgen antagonist. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Labs Reprod Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Pharmacia Corp 7226 300 228, Drug Dev Toxicol, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. RP Euling, SY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.2.332 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 603KW UT WOS:000178559500007 PM 12377982 ER PT J AU Kimmel, GL Williams, PL Claggett, TW Kimmel, CA AF Kimmel, GL Williams, PL Claggett, TW Kimmel, CA TI Response-surface analysis of exposure-duration relationships: The effects of hyperthermia on embryonic development of the rat in vitro SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Haber's Law; hyperthermia; whole embryo culture; developmental toxicity; risk assessment; rat; dose-rate; dose-duration; heat shock ID DEVELOPMENT INVITRO; HEAT EXPOSURE; DOSE-RATE; DEFECTS; TERATOGEN; TOXICITY AB In developing exposure standards, an assumption is often made in the case of less-than-lifetime exposures that the probability of response depends on the cumulative exposure, i.e., the product of exposure concentration and duration. Over the last two decades, the general applicability of this assumption, referred to as Haber's Law, has begun to be questioned. This study examined the interaction of exposure concentration and duration on embryonic development during a portion of organogenesis. Embryos were exposed in whole embryo culture to various temperature-duration combinations and evaluated for alterations in development 24 h later. The specific purpose of the study was to assess whether the developmental responses followed Haber's Law, or whether an additional component of exposure was needed to model the relationship. The current study demonstrated that the response of the developing embryo to hyperthermia, with rare exception, was dependent on an additional component of exposure beyond the cumulative exposure. For the vast majority of the parameters measured in this study, the probability of an effect was greater at higher temperatures for short durations than at lower temperatures for long durations, given the same cumulative exposure. Thus, Haber's Law did not adequately describe the results of our study. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Pathol Associates Int, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Kimmel, GL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 07981] NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.2.391 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 603KW UT WOS:000178559500013 PM 12377988 ER PT J AU Wasson, SJ Guo, ZS McBrian, JA Beach, LO AF Wasson, SJ Guo, ZS McBrian, JA Beach, LO TI Lead in candle emissions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lead; air; emissions; candles; wicks; exposure; modeling ID BLOOD LEAD; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; NHANES AB The candle-using public should be made aware that the core of candle wicks may contain lead. Used as a stiffening agent to keep the wick out of the molten wax, lead can be emitted as particulates to the air and then deposited on indoor surfaces. To define the problem, 100 sets of candles (two or more identical candles) were purchased locally. The criterion for purchase was that the candles must appear to contain a metal-cored wick or be covered by a metallic pigment. Of the candles purchased, 8% contained lead wicks. The wicks were 39-74% lead (the remainder was fabric or paper) and the lead cores (approx. 100% lead) had linear densities of 13-27 mg/cm. Candles were burned to completion in a closed chamber to capture the air emissions, and the candle residue was extracted to assess the lead mass balance. It was found that individual candles emitted lead to the air at average rates that ranged from 100 to 1700 mug/h. Assuming realistic indoor conditions, these emission rates were modeled to project room air concentration, child exposure by inhalation, and indoor deposition. Results showed that burning single candles can easily raise the source room concentration above the ambient air lead concentration limit of 1.5 mug/m(3) set by EPA. Burning multiple candles can elevate it above OSHA permissible exposure limits of 50 mug/m(3). Although blood lead levels have dropped precipitously in the United States since lead was phased out of gasoline in 1986, nearly 900 000 children still had levels above 10 mug/dl during NHANES III. Considering that candle sales in the US are estimated at $1-2 billion per year, and that children may spend as much as 88% of their time indoors, it is reasonable to suspect that some blood lead elevation in children arises from indoor micro-environments where lead-wick candles are burned. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Wasson, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 174 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00072-4 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00072-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609TZ UT WOS:000178921800012 PM 12398334 ER PT J AU Eckel, WP AF Eckel, WP TI Comment on "Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RETENTION INDEXES C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div 7507C, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Eckel, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Environm Fate & Effects Div 7507C, 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway,10th Floor, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 18 BP 4003 EP 4003 AR UNSP ES025709F DI 10.1021/es025709f PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 593WC UT WOS:000178016600017 PM 12269755 ER PT J AU Isaacson, S AF Isaacson, S TI Getting by on the minimum: The lives of working-class women. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Isaacson, S (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 15 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 754JN UT WOS:000187312800130 ER PT J AU Brambila, E Liu, J Morgan, DL Beliles, RP Waalkes, MP AF Brambila, E Liu, J Morgan, DL Beliles, RP Waalkes, MP TI Effect of mercury vapor exposure on metallothionein and glutathione S-transferase gene expression in the kidney of nonpregnant, pregnant, and neonatal rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; INORGANIC MERCURY; NULL MICE; METHYL MERCURY; RENAL TOXICITY; CHLORIDE; METABOLISM; CADMIUM; LIVER; ZINC AB Elemental mercury (Hg-o) is a ubiquitous toxic pollutant. Exposure to Hg-o vapor typically is by inhalation, and the kidney is the primary target organ. Glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) appear to mitigate mercury toxicity. However, little is known about GSH or MT regulation after Hgo vapor exposure, particularly during pregnancy, a time of high sensitivity to most metals. Thus, this study sought to determine renal mercury accumulation and MT- and GSH-related gene expression following Hg-o vapor exposure in nonpregnant, pregnant, and neonatal rats exposed in utero. Groups (n = 5) of pregnant rats (Long-Evans) were exposed to Hg-o vapor (4 mg/m(3)) or air (control) for 2 h/d from gestational day (GD) 6 to 75, and kidneys from dams and pups were removed at various times during and after the onset of exposure. For comparative purposes, nonpregnant female rats were exposed to Hg-o for 10 d under the same conditions. Renal mercury, MT protein, and GST activity were assayed by standard analytical techniques. Western blot analysis was also performed using antibodies against MT and CST-pi. GSH-related gene expression was studied by cDNA microarray. Hg-o vapor exposure produced renal accumulation of mercury in nonpregnant, pregnant, and neonatal rats. However, the transplacentally exposed neonates accumulated approximately 1000-fold less mercury than adults. Hg-o vapor exposure produced a time-dependent increase in renal MT protein in nonpregnant and preg nant rats, but not in neonatal rats. Maximum MT increases were observed on d 10 (five-fold) in nonpregnant and CD 15 (threefold) in pregnant rats. Activation of the MT gene by Hg-o was confirmed at the translational level by Western blot analysis and at the transcriptional level by Northern blot analysis. Microarray analysis revealed a significant upregulation in the renal expression of the GST-pi, GST-Ya, and microsomal GST and GST5-5 genes in nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Western blot and enzyme assay confirmed the upregulation of GST genes after Hgo exposure. Thus, in response to Hg-o vapor exposure, the expression of the MT gene and various GST genes is activated in nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Activation of these genes could be part of a defensive response directed at decreasing renal mercury toxicity, and may help divert the metal away from the fetus. C1 NIEHS, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, NCEA DC, Oakton, VA USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, NCI, 111 alexander Dr,Bldg 101 SC MD-FO-09,RM F095, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD SEP 13 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 17 BP 1273 EP 1288 DI 10.1080/00984100290071405 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 588CN UT WOS:000177683300005 PM 12167210 ER PT J AU Ostermeier, GC Dix, DJ Miller, D Khatri, P Krawetz, SA AF Ostermeier, GC Dix, DJ Miller, D Khatri, P Krawetz, SA TI Spermatozoal RNA profiles of normal fertile men SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC GENOME ACTIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; INFERTILITY; MECHANISMS; OOCYTE AB Background Findings from several studies support the conclusion that spermatozoa contain a complex repertoire of mRNAs. Even though these mRNAs are thought to provide an insight into past events of spermatogenesis, their complexity and function have yet to be established. Our aim was to determine whether we could use spermatozoal mRNAs to generate a genetic fingerprint of normal fertile men. Methods We used a suite of microarrays containing 27 016 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to investigate cDNAs from a pool of 19 testes, cDNAs from a pool of nine individual ejaculate spermatozoal mRNAs, and cDNAs constructed from spermatozoal mRNAs from a single ejaculate. We also used ontological data mining to determine the function of the genes identified in each EST profile. Findings The cDNAs from the testes, pooled ejaculate, and single ejaculate hybridised to 7157, 3281, and 2780 ESTs, respectively. The testicular population contained all of the ESTs identified by the cDNAs from the pooled and individual ejaculate. The pooled ejaculate population contained all but four ESTs identified from the individual ejaculate. A subset of the spermatozoal mRNAs was associated with embryo development. Interpretation The microarray data from testes and spermatozoa (pooled and individual) were concordant, supporting the view that a spermatozoal mRNA fingerprint can be obtained from normal fertile men. Thus, profiling can be used to monitor past events-ie, gene expression of spermatogenesis. Moreover, the data suggest that, in addition to delivering the paternal genome, spermatozoa provide the zygote with a unique suite of paternal mRNAs. Ejaculate spermatozoa can now be used as a non-invasive proxy for investigations of testis-specific infertility. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Inst Comp Sci, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Leeds, Reprod Biol Grp, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Krawetz, SA (reprint author), 253 CS Mott Ctr 275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36512] NR 29 TC 280 Z9 304 U1 0 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 7 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9335 BP 772 EP 777 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09899-9 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 592HX UT WOS:000177933000019 PM 12241836 ER PT J AU Pitcher, WH Huestis, WH AF Pitcher, WH Huestis, WH TI Preparation and analysis of small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles of a uniform size SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lipid vesicles; hemoglobin; dynamic light scattering ID INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; HEMOGLOBIN BINDING; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; SALT AB The interaction of carbonmonoxyhemoglobin and heme with small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles was studied using dynamic light scattering. Addition of carbonmonoxyhemoglobin to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine:dimyristoylphosphatidylserine small unilamellar vesicles resulted in an increase of average vesicle size from 17.4 to 32.0 nm. Addition of heme to vesicles produced a smaller size increase, from 17.4 to 21.0 nm. Also reported is a method for preparing small unilamellar lipid vesicles of a uniform size, suitable for use in NMR spectroscopy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pitcher, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, MR-03,Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1355 AR PII S0006-291X(02)02092-2 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02092-2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 593JK UT WOS:000177987600050 PM 12207924 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS TI Solvent-free sonochemical preparation of ionic liquids SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [GRAPHICS] An ultrasound-assisted preparation of a series of ambient-temperature ionic liquids, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (AMIM) halides, which proceeds via efficient reaction of 1-methyl imidazole with alkyl halides/terminal dihalides under solvent-free conditions, is described. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 28 TC 131 Z9 139 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 4 IS 18 BP 3161 EP 3163 DI 10.1021/ol026608p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 590CP UT WOS:000177800300037 PM 12201742 ER PT J AU Lankey, RL Anastas, PT AF Lankey, RL Anastas, PT TI Life-cycle approaches for assessing green chemistry technologies SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS; WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS; POM ANIONS; PRINCIPLES AB To meet the goals of sustainability and to enable industrial ecology, green chemistry and engineering needs to be studied from a life-cycle perspective. When designed correctly, green chemistry and engineering can affect multiple stages of the life cycle of a product or process. Successful implementations of green chemistry and engineering research are improving the environmental impacts of chemical products and processes in every stage of the life cycle while also offering economic incentives. Analysis of new and existing green chemistry and engineering technologies with quantitative and qualitative metrics can identify and quantify these benefits. The examples presented illustrate the principles of life-cycle assessment as applied to green chemistry and engineering. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. White House, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Execut Off President, Washington, DC 20502 USA. Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Lankey, RL (reprint author), Amer Chem Soc, Green Chem Inst, 1155 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD SEP 4 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 18 BP 4498 EP 4502 DI 10.1021/ie0108191 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 590FW UT WOS:000177808700010 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Mentors are made, not born SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 17 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 589VK UT WOS:000177781300024 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Kennedy, TP Stonehuerner, J Carter, JD Skinner, KA Parks, DA Hoidal, JR AF Ghio, AJ Kennedy, TP Stonehuerner, J Carter, JD Skinner, KA Parks, DA Hoidal, JR TI Iron regulates xanthine oxidase activity in the lung SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xanthine dehydrogenase; deferoxamine; silica; uric acid ID URIC-ACID; GUINEA-PIGS; DEHYDROGENASE; ANTIOXIDANT; GENERATION; EXPRESSION; FERRITIN; HYPOXIA; INJURY; CELLS AB The iron chelator deferoxamine has been reported to inhibit both xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but the relationship of this effect to the availability of iron in the cellular and tissue environment remains unexplored. XO and total xanthine oxidoreductase activity in cultured V79 cells was increased with exposure to ferric ammonium sulfate and inhibited by deferoxamine. Lung XO and total xanthine oxidoreductase activities were reduced in rats fed an iron-depleted diet and increased in rats supplemented with iron, without change in the ratio of XO to total oxidoreductase. Intratracheal injection of an iron salt or silica-iron, but not aluminum salts or silica-zinc, significantly increased rat lung XO and total xanthine oxidoreductase activities, immunoreactive xanthine oxidoreductase, and the concentration of urate in bronchoalveolar fluid. These results suggest the possibility that the production of uric acid, a major chelator of iron in extracellular fluid, is directly influenced by iron-mediated regulation of the expression and/or activity of its enzymatic source, xanthine oxidase. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Anesthesiol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL-40665] NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 283 IS 3 BP L563 EP L572 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00413.2000 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 582LU UT WOS:000177353100010 PM 12169576 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Kreiss, K Levin, H Alexander, D Cain, WS Girman, JR Hines, CJ Jensen, PA Milton, DK Rexroat, LP Wallingford, KM AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Kreiss, K Levin, H Alexander, D Cain, WS Girman, JR Hines, CJ Jensen, PA Milton, DK Rexroat, LP Wallingford, KM TI Improving the health of workers in indoor environments: Priority research needs for a national occupational research agenda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SICK-BUILDING-SYNDROME; AIR EXCHANGE-RATE; OFFICE BUILDINGS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; RHINOVIRUS COLDS; VENTILATION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; ASTHMA; INFECTIONS AB Indoor nonindustrial work environments were designated a priority research area through the nationwide stakeholder process that created the National Occupational Research Agenda. A multidisciplinary research team used member consensus and quantitative estimates, with extensive external review, to develop a specific research agenda. The team outlined the following priority research topics: building-influenced communicable respiratory infections, building-related asthma/allergic diseases, and nonspecific building-related symptoms; indoor environmental science; and methods for increasing implementation of healthful building practices. Available data suggest that improving building environments may result in health benefits for more than 15 million of the 89 million US indoor workers, with estimated economic benefits of $5 to $75 billion annually. Research on these topics, requiring new collaborations and resources, offers enormous potential health and economic returns. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. Bldg Ecol Res Grp, San Diego, CA USA. Amer Federat Teachers, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US Gen Serv Adm, Publ Bldg Serv, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010 OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834 NR 73 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1430 EP 1440 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.9.1430 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 587UM UT WOS:000177661900016 PM 12197969 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M Tellez-Rojo, MM Moreno-Macias, H Reyes-Ruiz, NI del Rio-Navarro, BE Ruiz-Navarro, MX Hatch, G Slade, R Hernandez-Avila, M AF Romieu, I Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M Tellez-Rojo, MM Moreno-Macias, H Reyes-Ruiz, NI del Rio-Navarro, BE Ruiz-Navarro, MX Hatch, G Slade, R Hernandez-Avila, M TI Antioxidant supplementation and lung functions among children with asthma exposed to high levels of air pollutants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE childhood asthma; antioxidants; air pollution; Mexico ID OZONE EXPOSURE; VITAMIN-E; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ASCORBIC-ACID; MILD ASTHMA; MEXICO-CITY; GLUTATHIONE AB To evaluate whether acute effects of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulates with mass median diameter less than 10 mum could be attenuated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation, we conducted a randomized trial using a double-blinded design. Children with asthma (n = 158) who were residents of Mexico City were randomly given a daily supplement of vitamins (50 mg/day of vitamin E and 250 mg/day of vitamin Q or a placebo and were followed from October 1998 to April 2000. Pulmonary function tests were carried out twice a week in the morning. During the follow-up observation period, the mean 1-hour maximum ozone level was 102 ppb (SD = 47), and the mean 24-hour average PM10 level was 56.7 mug/m(3) (SD = 27.4). In children with moderate and severe asthma, ozone levels 1 day before spirometry were inversely associated significantly with forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) (-13.32 ml/ second/10 ppb; p = 0.000), FEV1 (-4.59 ml/10 ppb; p = 0.036), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (-15.01 ml/second/10 ppb; p = 0.04) in the placebo group after adjusting for potential confounding factors. No association between ozone and lung functions was observed in the supplement group. We observed significant differences in lung function decrements between groups for FEF25-75 and PEF. Our results suggest that supplementation with antioxidants might modulate the impact of ozone exposure on the small airways of children with moderate to severe asthma. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. US EPA, Durham, NC USA. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, 655 Avenida Univ,Col Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NR 46 TC 171 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 166 IS 5 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1164/rccm.2112074 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 588ZZ UT WOS:000177734100017 PM 12204869 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Subler, S McCoy, EL AF Shuster, WD Subler, S McCoy, EL TI The influence of earthworm community structure on the distribution and movement of solutes in a chisel-tilled soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthworms; solute transport; preferential flow; spatial structure; chisel tillage ID LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS; INFILTRATION; TILLAGE; MACROPOROSITY; TRANSPORT; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; RESIDUE; CARBON AB Although it is known that deep-burrowing earthworms can increase the depth of penetration of solutes in soil, their comparative effect on solute transport when they are added to communities composed solely of epigeic and endogeic species is not clear. Ionic tracers were applied as artificial rainfall to the surface of plots with or without added deep-burrowing earthworms (n = 3). We determined the soil water content, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon (SOC), strontium, and bromide concentrations in soil samples taken from a 320 mm x 380 mm, 56-position grid with 40 mm sample spacing. Earthworm inoculations increased populations of deep-burrowing Lumbricus terrestris L., and decreased those of the surface-dwelling L. rubellus Hoffmeister, and had no impact on geophagous species; compared to the earthworm communities in control plots. The average soil concentrations of SOC, bromide and strontium were higher where earthworms were inoculated compared to controls. Solute concentrations, SOC, and soil water content all decreased with depth. Synthetic data derived from multivariate analyses were used as an index of solute transport intensity. Solute transport intensity was greater at any given depth in response to earthworm inoculations, compared to that in controls. Although we observed a characteristic breakthrough of solutes to greater depths where deep-burrowing earthworms were inoculated, there were no differences in the spatial distribution of solutes between the two earthworm communities studied. We concluded that although the activity. of deep-burrowing species allowed solute breakthrough to greater depth, the more diffuse distribution of solutes was the result of the dominant random burrowing activity of epigeic and endogeic earthworm species, which comprised the larger proportion of earthworms in these communities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 AR PII S0929-1393(02)00063-X DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00063-X PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 590EU UT WOS:000177806000006 ER PT J AU Douglas, G Cooper, G Dooley, MA Gilkeson, G AF Douglas, G Cooper, G Dooley, MA Gilkeson, G TI Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S286 EP S286 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421800743 ER PT J AU Lifka, J Rajaram, R Alcamo, T AF Lifka, J Rajaram, R Alcamo, T TI Consolidated effort SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Engineers remediated a landfill in Indiana polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls by removing the most contaminated detritus and consolidating the rest under a multilayered, impermeable cap. C1 Tetra Tech EM Inc, Chicago, IL USA. Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, Chicago, IL USA. US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Lifka, J (reprint author), Tetra Tech EM Inc, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 72 IS 9 BP 78 EP + PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 591GJ UT WOS:000177871100030 ER PT J AU Fischer, TL Pieper, JA Graff, DW Rodgers, JE Fischer, JD Parnell, KJ Goldstein, JA Greenwood, R Patterson, JH AF Fischer, TL Pieper, JA Graff, DW Rodgers, JE Fischer, JD Parnell, KJ Goldstein, JA Greenwood, R Patterson, JH TI Evaluation of potential losartan-phenytoin drug interactions in healthy volunteers SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID II RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; HEART-FAILURE; IN-VITRO; TOLBUTAMIDE; METABOLITE; CYP2C9; PHARMACOKINETICS; 4-HYDROXYLATION AB Background: Phenytoin, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 substrate, has a narrow therapeutic index and nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Therefore there is the potential for significant concentration-related adverse effects when phenytoin is coadministered with other CYP2C9 substrates. Losartan, an antihypertensive agent, is also a substrate for CYP2C9. Objective: Our objective was to assess the effects of losartan on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin and the effects of phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of losartan in a healthy population of volunteers. Methods: A prospective, randomized, 3-period crossover study was conducted in 16 healthy volunteers with phenytoin alone, phenytoin in combination with losartan, and losartan alone. Each treatment was given for 10 days with a 3-week washout period between treatments. On day 10, plasma concentrations of phenytoin and plasma and urine concentrations of losartan and its active carboxylic-acid metabolite E3174 were measured to determine steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: Coadministration of losartan had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Coadministration of phenytoin increased the mean area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hours [AUC(0-24)] of losartan by 17% (355 +/- 220 ng . h/mL versus 427 +/- 177 ng . h/mL; P = .1), but this difference was not statistically significant. In the 14 CYP2C9*1/*1 subjects, the mean AUC(0-24) of losartan was increased by 29% (284 +/- 84 rig . h/mL versus 402 +/- 128 rig . h/mL; P = .008). Coadministration of phenytoin significantly reduced the AUC(0-24) of E3174 by 63% (1254 +/- 256 rig . h/mL versus 466 +/- 174 rig . h/mL; P = .0001) and the formation clearance of losartan to E3174 (1.91 +/- 0.8 mL/h per kilogram versus 0.62 +/- 0.4 mL/h per kilogram; P = .0001). Conclusions: Losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. However, phenytoin inhibited the CYP2C9-mediated conversion of losartan to E3174. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Pharsight Corp, Mt View, CA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pieper, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, Sch Pharm, CB7360,Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046] NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 72 IS 3 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1067/mcp.2002.127945 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 597RY UT WOS:000178235600002 PM 12235444 ER PT J AU Paquin, PR Gorsuch, JW Apte, S Batley, GE Bowles, KC Campbell, PGC Delos, CG Di Toro, DM Dwyer, RL Galvez, F Gensemer, RW Goss, GG Hogstrand, C Janssen, CR McGeer, JC Naddy, RB Playle, RC Santore, RC Schneider, U Stubblefield, WA Wood, CM Wu, KB AF Paquin, PR Gorsuch, JW Apte, S Batley, GE Bowles, KC Campbell, PGC Delos, CG Di Toro, DM Dwyer, RL Galvez, F Gensemer, RW Goss, GG Hogstrand, C Janssen, CR McGeer, JC Naddy, RB Playle, RC Santore, RC Schneider, U Stubblefield, WA Wood, CM Wu, KB TI The biotic ligand model: a historical overview SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biotic ligand model (BLM); water quality criteria; metal toxicity; aquatic toxicology; aquatic metal chemistry; aquatic organism physiology; regulatory science ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER RAINBOW-TROUT; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ACIDIC EQUIVALENT FLUXES; LOW ENVIRONMENTAL PH; CUPRIC ION ACTIVITY; CL UPTAKE KINETICS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; QUALITY CRITERIA AB During recent years, the biotic ligand model (BLM) has been proposed as a tool to evaluate quantitatively the manner in which water chemistry affects the speciation and biological availability of metals in aquatic systems. This is an important consideration because it is the bioavailability and bioreactivity of metals that control their potential to cause adverse effects. The BLM approach has gained widespread interest amongst the scientific, regulated and regulatory communities because of its potential for use in developing water quality criteria (WQC) and in performing aquatic risk assessments for metals. Specifically, the BLM does this in a way that considers the important influences of site-specific water quality. This journal issue includes papers that describe recent advances with regard to the development of the BLM approach. Here, the current status of the BLM development effort is described in the context of the longer-term history of advances in the understanding of metal interactions in the environment upon which the BLM is based. Early developments in the aquatic chemistry of metals, the physiology of aquatic organisms and aquatic toxicology are reviewed first, and the degree to which each of these disciplines influenced,the development of water quality regulations is discussed. The early scientific advances that took place in each of these fields were not well coordinated, making it difficult for regulatory authorities to take full advantage of the potential utility of what had been learned. However, this has now changed, with the BLM serving as a useful interface amongst these scientific disciplines, and within the regulatory arena as well. The more recent events that have led to the present situation are reviewed, and consideration is given to some of the future needs and developments related to the BLM that are envisioned. The research results that are described in the papers found in this journal issue represent a distinct milestone in the ongoing evolution of the BLM approach and, more generally, of approaches to performing ecological assessments for metals in aquatic systems. These papers also establish a benchmark to which future scientific and regulatory developments can be compared. Finally, they demonstrate the importance and usefulness of the concept of bioavailability and of evaluative tools such as the BLM. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 HydroQual Inc, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. Eastman Kodak Co, HSE, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. CSIRO, Div Energy Technol, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Manhattan Coll, Dept Environm Engn, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. Int Cooper Assoc Ltd, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. ENSR Int, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Sci Biol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. Kings Coll London, Div Life Sci, London SE1 9NN, England. Univ Ghent, Lab Environm Toxicol & Aquat Ecol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Natl Resources Canada, Min & Mineral Sci Lab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. HydroQual Inc, Camillus, NY 13031 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Guidelines & Stand Off, Hull, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. Parametrix Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Paquin, PR (reprint author), HydroQual Inc, 1 Lethbridge Plaza, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. EM ppaquin@hydroqual.com RI BATLEY, Graeme/A-4805-2008; Cheng, Jason/A-9296-2010; Hogstrand, Christer/C-9041-2013; Apte, Simon/A-4241-2012; Goss, Greg/A-2646-2014; Goss, Greg/D-2723-2015; Janssen, Colin/H-3122-2015; Campbell, Peter/H-4348-2011 OI Goss, Greg/0000-0003-0786-8868; Campbell, Peter/0000-0001-7160-4571 NR 164 TC 417 Z9 437 U1 16 U2 188 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 35 AR PII S1532-0456(02)00112-6 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00112-6 PG 33 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 610FB UT WOS:000178949100002 PM 12428632 ER PT J AU Paquin, PR Zoltay, V Winfield, RP Wu, KB Mathew, R Santore, RC Di Toro, DM AF Paquin, PR Zoltay, V Winfield, RP Wu, KB Mathew, R Santore, RC Di Toro, DM TI Extension of the biotic ligand model of acute toxicity to a physiologically-based model of the survival time of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to silver SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE toxicity; silver; metals; rainbow trout; fish physiology; ionoregulation; osmoregulation; biotic ligand model; ion balance model; sodium balance model ID LOW ENVIRONMENTAL PH; FRESH-WATER FISH; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ACIDIC EQUIVALENT FLUXES; CUPRIC ION ACTIVITY; CL UPTAKE KINETICS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; GILL MICROENVIRONMENT; BROOK TROUT; DIFFUSIVE EFFLUXES AB Chemical speciation controls the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in aquatic systems and regulatory agencies are recognizing this as they develop updated water quality criteria (WQC) for metals. The factors that affect bioavailability may be quantitatively evaluated with the biotic ligand model (BLM). Within the context of the BLM framework, the 'biotic ligand' is the site where metal binding results in the manifestation of a toxic effect. While the BLM does account for the speciation and complexation of dissolved metal in solution, and competition among the free metal ion and other cations for binding sites at the biotic ligand, it does not explicitly consider either the physiological effects of metals on aquatic organisms, or the direct effect of water chemistry parameters such as pH, Ca2+ and Na+ on the physiological state of the organism. Here, a physiologically-based model of survival time is described. In addition to incorporating the effects of water chemistry on metal availability to the organism, via the BLM, it also considers the interaction of water chemistry on the physiological condition of the organism, independent of its effect on metal availability. At the same time it explicitly considers the degree of interaction of these factors with the organism and how this affects the rate at which cumulative damage occurs. An example application of the model to toxicity data for rainbow trout exposed to silver is presented to illustrate how this framework may be used to predict survival time for alternative exposure durations. The sodium balance model (SBM) that is described herein, a specific application of a more generic ion balance model (IBM) framework, adds a new physiological dimension to the previously developed BLM. As such it also necessarily adds another layer of complexity to this already useful predictive framework. While the demonstrated capability of the SBM to predict effects in relation to exposure duration is a useful feature of this mechanistically-based framework, it is envisioned that, with suitable refinements, it may also have utility in other areas of toxicological and regulatory interest. Such areas include the analysis of time variable exposure conditions, residual after-effects of exposure to metals, acclimation, chronic toxicity and species and genus sensitivity. Each of these is of potential utility to longer-term ongoing efforts to develop and refine WQC for metals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 HydroQual Inc, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. Environm Resources Management, Boston, MA USA. US EPA, New York, NY USA. HydroQual Inc, Camillus, NY 13031 USA. Manhattan Coll, Dept Environm Engn, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. RP Paquin, PR (reprint author), HydroQual Inc, 1 Lethbridge Plaza, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. NR 114 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 305 EP 343 AR PII S1532-0456(02)00105-9 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00105-9 PG 39 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 610FB UT WOS:000178949100023 PM 12356535 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Boustany, RG Dantin, DD Quarles, RL Moore, JC Stanley, RS AF Lewis, MA Boustany, RG Dantin, DD Quarles, RL Moore, JC Stanley, RS TI Effects of a coastal golf complex on water quality, periphyton, and seagrass SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE golf courses; water quality; periphyton; seagrass; Florida ID COURSE RUNOFF; PESTICIDES AB The objective of this study was to provide baseline information on the effects of a golf course complex on water quality, colonized periphyton, and seagrass meadows in adjacent freshwater, near-coastal, and wetland areas. The chemical and biological impacts of the recreational facility, which uses reclaimed municipal wastewater for irrigation, were limited usually to near-field areas and decreased seaward during the 2-year study. Concentrations of chromium, copper, and organochlorine pesticides were below detection in surface water, whereas mercury, lead, arsenic, and atrazine commonly occurred at all locations. Only mercury and lead exceeded water quality criteria. Concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a were greater in fairway ponds and some adjacent coastal areas relative to reference locations and Florida estuaries. Periphyton ash free dry weight and pigment concentrations statistically differed but not between reference and nonreference coastal areas. Biomass of Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) was approximately 43% less in a meadow located adjacent to the golf complex (P < 0.05). The results of the study suggest that the effects of coastal golf courses on water quality may be primarily localized and limited to peripheral near-coastal areas. However, this preliminary conclusion needs additional supporting data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl DR, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1006/eesa.2002.2219 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 593FF UT WOS:000177979800023 PM 12481872 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Hu, W Wei, FS Wu, GP Korn, LR Chapman, RS AF Zhang, JF Hu, W Wei, FS Wu, GP Korn, LR Chapman, RS TI Children's respiratory morbidity prevalence in relation to air pollution in four Chinese cities SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; children; China; particulate matter; respiratory health ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PASSIVE SMOKING; HEALTH; COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA; PARTICLES; SYMPTOMS; PM10 AB We examined respiratory health effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in 7,621 schoolchildren residing in eight districts of four Chinese cities. The four cities exhibited wide between-city and within-city gradients in ambient levels of four size fractions of particulate matter [less than or equal to 2.5 pro in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 mum (PM10-2.5), less than or equal to 10 mum (PM10), and total suspended particulates (TSP)] and two gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NOx). Informed consent and written responses to questionnaires about children's personal, residential, and family information, as well as their health histories and status, were obtained with the help of the parents and the school personnel. We used a two-stage regression approach in data analyses. In the first-stage logistic regressions, we obtained logits of district-specific prevalence of wheeze, asthma, bronchitis, hospitalization for respiratory diseases, persistent cough, and persistent phlegm, adjusted for covariates representing personal, household, and family parameters. Some of these covariates were found to be risk factors of children's respiratory health, including being younger in the study group, being male, having been breast-fed, sharing bedrooms, sharing beds, room being smoky during cooking, eye irritation during cooking, parental smoking, and a history of parental asthma. In several of the second-stage variance-weighted linear regressions, we examined associations between district-specific adjusted prevalence rates and district-specific ambient levels of each pollutant. We found positive associations between morbidity prevalence and outdoor levels of PM of all size fractions, but the association appeared to be stronger for coarse particles (PM10-2.5). The results also present some evidence that ambient levels of NOx and SO2 were positively associated with children's respiratory symptoms, but the evidence for these two gaseous pollutants appeared to be weaker than that for the PM. C1 EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. China Natl Environm Monitoring Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), EOHSI, Room 358,170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Hu, Wei/M-3524-2013 NR 25 TC 94 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 30 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 110 IS 9 BP 961 EP 967 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 591RJ UT WOS:000177893800040 PM 12204833 ER PT J AU Peterson, GS Axler, RP Lodge, KB Schuldt, JA Crane, JL AF Peterson, GS Axler, RP Lodge, KB Schuldt, JA Crane, JL TI Evaluation of a fluorometric screening method for predicting total PAH concentrations in contaminated sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE fluorometry; PAHs; screening method; sediments ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLES; WATER; SOIL; OIL AB A fluorometric screening method was used to estimate total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (t-PAH) concentrations in sediments collected from the St. Louis River Area of Concern (AOC) in northeastern Minnesota. Sediments were collected as part of a Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) study to assess sediment quality in the AOC. The screening method was calibrated using a PAH surrogate standard consisting of eight PAHs commonly found in the St. Louis River system, at their approximate proportions. Estimated PAH concentrations were compared to GC/MS measured `true' PAH concentrations to evaluate the overall predictive power of the screening method. Regression analysis of log transformed estimated versus true PAH concentration yielded an r(2) of 0.72 (n = 86). In addition, the rates of false positive and false negative predictions associated with the screening method were determined relative to different sediment effects concentrations (SECs) for total PAHs. In general, the rate of false positive predictions was shown to increase as the SEC criteria value decreased, while false negative rates remained consistently low (below 7%). Methodological recommendations which led to a three-fold reduction in false negatives, and the improved prediction of both high and low PAH samples, are presented. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Peterson, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Div Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1023/A:1016353800291 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574MP UT WOS:000176894400002 PM 12229918 ER PT J AU Klemm, DJ Blocksom, KA Thoeny, WT Fulk, FA Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR Cormier, SM AF Klemm, DJ Blocksom, KA Thoeny, WT Fulk, FA Herlihy, AT Kaufmann, PR Cormier, SM TI Methods development and use of macroinvertebrates as indicators of ecological conditions for streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; bioassessment; biological monitoring; EMAP; methods development; metrics; Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region; multimetrics; PCA; stream condition ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; WATER-QUALITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; RUNNING WATERS; UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INDEX; FRAMEWORK; CHEMISTRY; CRITERIA AB The Mid-Atlantic Highlands Assessment (MAHA) included the sampling of macroinvertebrates from 424 wadeable stream sites to determine status and trends, biological conditions, and water quality in first through third order streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region (MAHR) of the United States in 1993-1995. We identified reference and impaired sites using water chemistry and habitat criteria and evaluated a set of candidate macroinvertebrate metrics using a stepwise process. This process examined several metric characteristics, including ability of metrics to discriminate reference and impaired sites, relative scope of impairment, correlations with chemical and habitat indicators of stream disturbance, redundancy with other metrics, and within-year variability. Metrics that performed well were compared with metrics currently being used by three states in the region: Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Some of the metrics used by these states did not perform well when evaluated using regional data, while other metrics used by all three states in some form, specifically number of taxa, number of EPT taxa, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, performed well overall. Reasons for discrepancies between state and regional evaluations of metrics are explored. We also provide a set of metrics that, when used in combination, may provide a useful assessment of stream conditions in the MAHR. C1 US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Klemm, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 169 EP 212 DI 10.1023/A:1016363718037 PG 44 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574MP UT WOS:000176894400005 PM 12229921 ER PT J AU Baldauf, RW Lane, DD Marotz, GA Barkman, HW Pierce, T AF Baldauf, RW Lane, DD Marotz, GA Barkman, HW Pierce, T TI Application of a risk assessment based approach to designing ambient air quality monitoring networks for evaluating non-cancer health impacts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; exposure assessment; human health impacts; monitoring network design; population exposure; risk assessment AB An ambient air quality monitoring network has been established using risk assessment techniques to evaluate adverse health effects from exposures to airborne contaminants. The risk assessment method was compared to traditional methods of establishing air quality monitoring networks: identifying maximum concentration impacts or maximum total population. Results suggest that the health risk method best predicted the location of adverse, non-carcinogenic respiratory illnesses during the evaluation period. Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient, r(s), values obtained using the risk assessment method were statistically greater than the values obtained using the concentration and population methods. The concentration method was the least accurate predictor of adverse effects. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Baldauf, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1023/A:1019920302108 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588UR UT WOS:000177720500001 PM 12374390 ER PT J AU Guntenspergen, GR Peterson, SA Leibowitz, SG Cowardin, LM AF Guntenspergen, GR Peterson, SA Leibowitz, SG Cowardin, LM TI Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE basin indicators; environmental monitoring; landscape indicators; wetland condition ID NORTH-DAKOTA; ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; DISCHARGE; SALINITY; RECHARGE; SYSTEM AB We describe a study designed to evaluate the performance of wetland condition indicators of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the north central United States. Basin and landscape scale indicators were tested in 1992 and 1993 to determine their ability to discriminate between the influences of grassland dominated and cropland dominated landscapes in the PPR. Paired plots were selected from each of the major regions of the PPR. Among the landscape scale indicators tested, those most capable of distinguishing between the two landscapes were: 1) frequency of drained wetland basins, 2) total length of drainage ditch per plot, 3) amount of exposed soil in the upland subject to erosion, 4) indices of change in area of wetland covered by water, and 5) number of breeding duck pairs. Basin scale indicators including soil phosphorus concentrations and invertebrate taxa richness showed some promise; however, plant species richness was the only statistically significant basin scale indicator distinguishing grassland dominated from cropland dominated landscapes. Although our study found a number of promising candidate indicators, one of our conclusions is that basin scale indicators present a number of implementation problems, including: skill level requirements, site access denials, and recession of site access by landowners. Alternatively, we suggest that the use of landscape indicators based on remote sensing can be an effective means of assessing wetland integrity. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 76 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 229 EP 252 DI 10.1023/A:1019982818231 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588UR UT WOS:000177720500002 PM 12374391 ER PT J AU Durhan, EJ Lambright, C Wilson, V Butterworth, BC Kuehl, DW Orlando, EE Guillette, LJ Gray, LE Ankley, GT AF Durhan, EJ Lambright, C Wilson, V Butterworth, BC Kuehl, DW Orlando, EE Guillette, LJ Gray, LE Ankley, GT TI Evaluation of androstenedione as an androgenic component of river water downstream of a pulp and paper mill effluent SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE effluent fractionation; environmental androgen; androgen receptor; solid-phase extraction ID MASCULINIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOFISH AB This study evaluates a recent report indicating that androstenedione (4-androsten-3, 17-dione) contributes to the androgenicity of water downstream of a pulp and paper mill discharge OD the Fenholloway River (FL, USA). Extraction and concentration of Fenholloway water with C18 solid-phase extraction columns followed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography resulted in clearly defined fractions with in vitro androgenic activity in CV-1 cells that had been transiently cotransfected with human androgen receptor and reporter gene constructs. However, we were unable to detect androstenedione in the active fractions by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry analyses of deionized and Fenholloway River water samples that had been spiked with androstenedione, then extracted and fractionated, revealed that the androgen was found only in inactive fractions. We conclude that, although androstenedione was present at easily detectable concentrations in the river water (>100 ng/L), this compound is not associated with androgenic activity of water from the site. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Durhan, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM durhan.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 9 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1973 EP 1976 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1973:EOAAAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 583WW UT WOS:000177434900027 PM 12206439 ER PT J AU Field, LJ MacDonald, DD Norton, SB Ingersoll, CG Severn, CG Smorong, D Lindskoog, R AF Field, LJ MacDonald, DD Norton, SB Ingersoll, CG Severn, CG Smorong, D Lindskoog, R TI Predicting amphipod toxicity from sediment chemistry using logistic regression models SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment toxicity; sediment guidelines; logistic regression ID RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; QUALITY GUIDELINES; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; HYALELLA-AZTECA; MARINE; CRITERIA; MIXTURES AB Individual chemical logistic regression models were developed for 37 chemicals of potential concern in contaminated sediments to predict the probability of toxicity, based on the standard 10-d survival test for the marine amphipods Ampelisca abdita and Rhepoxynius abronius. These models were derived from a large database of matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data, which includes contaminant gradients from a variety of habitats in coastal North America. Chemical concentrations corresponding to a 20, 50, and 80% probability of observing sediment toxicity (T20, T50, and T80 values) were calculated to illustrate the potential for deriving application-specific sediment effect concentrations and to provide probability ranges for evaluating the reliability of the models. The individual chemical regression models were combined into a single model, using either the maximum (P,,,, model) or average (P-Avg model) probability predicted from the chemicals analyzed in a sample, to estimate the probability of toxicity for a sample. The average predicted probability of toxicity (from the P-Max model) within probability quartiles closely matched the incidence of toxicity within the same ranges, demonstrating the overall reliability of the P-Max model for the database that was used to derive the model. The magnitude of the toxic effect (decreased survival) in the amphipod test increased as the predicted probability of toxicity increased. Users have a number of options for applying the logistic models, including estimating the probability of observing acute toxicity to estuarine and marine amphipods in 10-d toxicity tests at any given chemical concentration or estimating the chemical concentrations that correspond to specific probabilities of observing sediment toxicity. C1 NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. MacDonald Environm Sci, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Premier Environm Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. RP Field, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1993 EP 2005 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 583WW UT WOS:000177434900029 PM 12206441 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Lasley, SM AF Gilbert, ME Lasley, SM TI Long-term consequences of developmental exposure to lead or polychlorinated biphenyls: Synaptic transmission and plasticity in the rodent CNS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lead; PCBs; hippocampus; long-term potentiation; LTR; developmental neurotoxicity; synaptic plasticity; cell signaling ID GYRUS IN-VIVO; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PCB MIXTURE AROCLOR-1254; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; H-3 MK-801 BINDING; DENTATE GYRUS; VISUAL-CORTEX; ADULT-RATS; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; FREQUENCY STIMULATION AB Exposure to lead (Pb) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during early development has been associated with deficits in cognitive function in children (Pediatrics 87 (1991) 219; N. Engl. J. Med. 335 (1996) 783). These effects persist in the child long after exposure has ceased and body burdens have diminished. Despite intensive research, no consensus on the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of these chemicals has resulted. As the primary neurotoxic action of these agents is to impair cognitive ability, a number of laboratories have examined and reported on the detrimental the effects of Pb or PCBs on hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in animals exposed during the perinatal period. Use-dependent synaptic plasticity. of which hippocampal LTP is the primary model system, is a fundamental property of neuronal function. In forebrain structures such as amygdala and hippocampus, LTP and related processes are purported to represent a physiological substrate for memory, During brain ontogeny, this type of plasticity guides the establishment and maintenance of synaptic connections in cortical structures based on sensory input. We postulate that the actions of PCBs and Pb in the developing nervous system perturb activity-dependent plasticity and promote organizational changes in brain. Aberrant connectivity derived front perturbations in activity-dependent plasticity during development may manifest as impaired LTP and cognitive ability in the adult organism. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, MD 74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 113 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 105 EP 117 AR PII S1382-6689(02)00029-7 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00029-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 600DL UT WOS:000178375300007 PM 21782630 ER PT J AU Ostermeier, GC Thompson, K Diamond, MP Dix, DJ Miller, D Krawetz, SA AF Ostermeier, GC Thompson, K Diamond, MP Dix, DJ Miller, D Krawetz, SA TI Defining the population of spermatozoal RNAs in normal fertile men. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 12-17, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Reprod Med Network, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 SU 1 MA O157 BP S60 EP S60 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03538-0 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 597UP UT WOS:000178239400158 ER PT J AU Delehanty, R AF Delehanty, R TI The UIC program: Protecting public health and drinking water resources SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Drinking Water Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Delehanty, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Drinking Water Protect Div, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 40 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00769.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 618RU UT WOS:000179431700002 ER PT J AU Heron, G Gierke, JS Faulkner, B Mravik, S Wood, L Enfield, CG AF Heron, G Gierke, JS Faulkner, B Mravik, S Wood, L Enfield, CG TI Pulsed air sparging in aquifers contaminated with dense nonaqueous phase liquids SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; POROUS-MEDIA; DISSOLUTION; GROUNDWATER; REMEDIATION; POOLS AB Air sparging was evaluated for remediation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) present as dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) in aquifers. A two-dimensional laboratory tank with a transparent front wall allowed for visual observation of DNAPL mobilization. A DNAPL zone 50 cm high was created, with a PCE pool accumulating on an aquitard. Detailed process control and analysis yielded accurate mass balances and insight into the mass-transfer limitations during air sparging. Initial PCE recovery rates were high, corresponding to fast removal of residual DNAPL within the zone influenced directly by air channels. The vadose zone DNAPL was removed within a few days, and the recovery in the extracted soil vapors decreased to low values. Increasing the sparge rate and pulsing the air injection led to improved mass recovery, as the pulsing induced water circulation and increased the DNAPL dissolution rate. Dissolved PCE concentrations both within and outside the zone of air channels were affected by the pulsing. Inside the sparge zone, aqueous concentrations decreased rapidly, matching the declining effluent PCE flux. Outside the sparge zone, PCE concentrations increased because highly contaminated water was pushed away from the air injection point. This overall circulation of water may lead to limited spreading of the contaminant, but accelerated the time-weighted average mass removal by 40% to 600%, depending on the aggressiveness of the pulsing. For field applications, pulsing with a daily or diurnal cycling time may increase the average mass removal rate, thus reducing the treatment time and saving in the order of 40% to 80% of the energy cost used to run the blowers. However, air sparging will always fail to remove DNAPL pools located below the sparge point because the air will rise upward from the top of a screen, unless very localized geological layers force the air to migrate horizontally. Unrecognized presence of DNAPL at chlorinated solvent sites residual and pools could potentially hamper success of air sparging cleanups, since the presence of small DNAPL pools, ganglia or droplets can greatly extend the treatment time. C1 SteamTech Environm Serv, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Heron, G (reprint author), SteamTech Environm Serv, 4750 Burr St, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00773.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 618RU UT WOS:000179431700006 ER PT J AU Smialowicz, RJ AF Smialowicz, RJ TI The rat as a model in developmental immunotoxicology SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Developmental Immunotoxicology and Risk Assessment CY JUN 12-13, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE developmental immunotoxicology; organotins; pesticides; rat; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ID DEVELOPING IMMUNE-SYSTEM; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; DIOXIN TCDD; F344 RAT; ADULT; FOOD; DIBENZOFURANS; SUPPRESSION AB Evidence is presented to demonstrate that the rat is a sensitive rodent species for developmental immunotoxicity testing of chemicals. A battery of immune function assays was performed in adult rats, which were exposed perinatally (i.e., during gestational, lactational, and/or juvenile development) to three different classes of environmental chemicals. The chemicals employed were the following: the organotins di-n-octyltindichloride (DOTC) and tributyltin oxide (TBTO); the polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); and the organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor (MXC) and heptachlor (HEP). Suppression of immune function was observed in adult rats exposed to each of these chemicals during immune system development. The duration of immune function suppression in the rats so exposed ranged from three weeks (i.e., DOTC and MXC) to 19 months (i.e., TCDD) after the last exposure to the chemical. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Smialowicz, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, MD-92, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM smialowicz.ralph@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 T32 ES07126] NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 EI 1477-0903 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 9-10 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1191/0960327102ht290oa PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 616ZQ UT WOS:000179334400008 PM 12458909 ER PT J AU Andersen, SO Sarma, KM AF Andersen, SO Sarma, KM TI New approach to climate change SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 605JT UT WOS:000178675300014 ER PT J AU Chen, ASC Fields, KA Sorg, TJ Wang, LL AF Chen, ASC Fields, KA Sorg, TJ Wang, LL TI Field evaluation of As removal by conventional plants SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ARSENIC REMOVAL; FERRIC-CHLORIDE; GROUND-WATER; COAGULATION; HYDROXIDE AB During a year-long study, weekly samplings and analyses were conducted at five US water treatment facilities-two coagulation-filtration plants, two iron-removal plants, and one lime-softening plant. These municipal treatment facilities had a treatment capacity of 1.4-600 mgd (5.2-2,271 ML/d). The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of these full-scale plants for consistently removing arsenic (As) from raw water containing 2.6-97.9 mug/L of total As. The two coagulation-filtration plants and one iron-removal plant consistently removed As to < 10 μg/L; however, the other iron-removal plant and the lime-softening plant did not. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Chen, ASC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 94 IS 9 BP 64 EP 77 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 594FV UT WOS:000178039300014 ER PT J AU Nwachuku, N Craun, GF Calderon, RL AF Nwachuku, N Craun, GF Calderon, RL TI How effective is the TCR in assessing outbreak vulnerability? SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Gunther F Craun & Associates, Staunton, VA USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nwachuku, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 4304T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 94 IS 9 BP 88 EP + PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 594FV UT WOS:000178039300016 ER PT J AU Rosenblum, L Garris, ST Morgan, JN AF Rosenblum, L Garris, ST Morgan, JN TI Comparison of five extraction methods for determination of incurred and added pesticides in dietary composites SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; CHLORINATED PESTICIDE; MAGNESIUM-SULFATE; PRODUCE; FOODS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANONITROGEN AB The National Exposure Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducts research to measure exposure of individuals to chemical pollutants through the diet. In support of this research, methods are being evaluated for the determination of pesticides in dietary composite samples. In the present study, Soxhlet, blender, microwave-assisted, pressurized fluid, and super-critical fluid extraction methods were compared for the determination of incurred and added pesticides in 4 dietary composites, which varied in fat and water content. Incurred pesticides were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, DDE, dicloran, dieldrin, endosulfan 1, malathion, cis- and trans-permethrin, and trifluralin. Added pesticides were alpha- and gamma-chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, and fonofos. Concentrations of the individual pesticides were between 0.2 and 20 ng/g composite. All 5 methods tested could extract pesticides from dietary composites. Most incurred pesticides were recovered from the dietary composites within the range of 59-140% of expected values. Recoveries of added pesticides were between 60 and 130%. Microwave-assisted extraction led to significantly higher concentrations of 7 pesticides. Blender extraction yielded significantly higher concentrations of chlorothalonil and fonofos. Water content was a significant factor in the recovery of chlorothalonil, and fat content was a significant factor in the recovery of fonofos. In designing an exposure study, the selection of the extraction method would be determined by number of samples to be extracted, analyte stability, and cost. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. S Carolina Dept Agr, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Morgan, JN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1176 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 598KB UT WOS:000178274000023 PM 12374417 ER PT J AU Cash, GG AF Cash, GG TI A differential-operator approach to the permanental polynomial SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GRAPH-THEORY AB A recently published computational approach to the permanental polynomial scales very badly (similar to2(n)) with problem size, relying as it does on examining the entire augmented adjacency matrix for nonzero products. The present study presents an entirely different algorithm that relies on symbolic computation of second partial derivatives. This approach has previously been applied to the matching polynomial but not the permanental polynomial. The differential-operator algorithm scales much better with problem size. For fullerene-type structures without perimeters, the two algorithms take about the same time to compute n = 32, On one n = 40 structure, the, new algorithm was >45 times faster. Relative performance is even better for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structures, which have perimeters. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div 7403M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div 7403M, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1132 EP 1135 DI 10.1021/ci0200220 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 597ZX UT WOS:000178251600016 PM 12377000 ER PT J AU Wool, L Decker, D AF Wool, L Decker, D TI Practical fast gas chromatography for contract laboratory program pesticide analyses SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY C1 US EPA, Houston, TX 77099 USA. RP Wool, L (reprint author), US EPA, 10625 Fallstone Rd, Houston, TX 77099 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 434 EP 440 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 600LZ UT WOS:000178393100003 PM 12387334 ER PT J AU White, D Sifneos, JC AF White, D Sifneos, JC TI Regression tree cartography SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE color symbolism; classification and regression trees; hierarchical clustering ID COLOR SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES; UNIVARIATE; CLIMATE AB We illustrate several types of cartographic displays that can enhance understanding from hierarchical analysis techniques such as regression trees. When the observations have spatial locations, maps of the predicted values, maps, of the residuals, and maps of the predicting relationships of the tree may help to reveal associations between predictors and response, We propose an objective method for constructing maps that may help to show the geographical similarities and differences between observations based on their positions in the prediction tree. This mapping method divides the color spectrum to assign colors to the leaves, using the same hierarchical pattern as the prediction tree dues to divide the data. We illustrate regression tree cartography with two examples and suggest how the prediction tree mapping method could be used for classification trees and for dendrograms produced by hierarchical clustering methods. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP White, D (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 600 EP 614 DI 10.1198/106186002484 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 599BD UT WOS:000178313500006 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Richardson, T Almquist, CB Pillai, UR AF Sahle-Demessie, E Richardson, T Almquist, CB Pillai, UR TI Comparison of liquid and gas-phase photooxidation of MTBE: Synthetic and field samples SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE groundwater; am stripping; water; water treatment; abatement and removal; contaminants ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; LIGHT-CATALYZED OXIDATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PRODUCT FORMATION; WATER; DEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS AB The feasibility of photooxidation treatment of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water was investigated using two systems: (1) a slurry falling film photoreactor and (2) an integrated air stripping with gas phase photooxidation system. Methyl tert-butyl ether-contaminated synthetic water and field samples from contaminated sites were used for these studies. Using a TiO(2) Slurry (0.1 g/L; Degussa P25) flowing down at a rate of up to 0.26 L/min over the inner surface of a glass tube surrounding a 1-kW medium pressure mercury lamp, more than 99% of MTBE in the synthetic samples, initially at 1 mg/L, was degraded within 90 min. The major degradation products from MTBE were tert-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl formate, and small amounts of acetone. However, the degradation of MTBE and its byproducts in contaminated groundwater samples was hindered significantly by dissolved metals such as Fe(2+), chloride ions, and aromatic organic species. Integrating air stripping with gas-phase photocatalysis is an an effective alternative that would not be affected by the water chemistry. The reaction rates for MTBE degradation in the gas phase are orders of magnitude faster than in aqueous solution. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Miami Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 782 EP 790 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(782) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400004 ER PT J AU Burbano, AA Dionysiou, DD Richardson, TL Suidan, MT AF Burbano, AA Dionysiou, DD Richardson, TL Suidan, MT TI Degradation of MTBE intermediates using Fenton's reagent SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE degradation; water treatment; contaminants; oxidation ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; METHYL; GROUNDWATER; KINETICS; OXIDATION AB In a previous study, the chemical oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) at low concentrations in water using Fenton's reagent (FR) was investigated. At certain reaction conditions the process achieved 99.99% degradation of MTBE but it did not result in complete MTBE mineralization. In the present study, the major intermediate by-products generated during the reaction, such as tert-butyl formate (TBF), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), methyl acetate, and acetone were separately used as parent contaminants and treated under the same reaction conditions initially used for MTBE (i.e., pH of the water, molar ratio of pollutant to FR) in order to compare their degradability by hydroxyl radicals generated from Fenton's reaction. The results were compatible with the second order reaction rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with each contaminant commonly available in the literature. The comparison of the degradation kinetics for each intermediate by-product provided information that aims at unveiling the limiting step(s) of the entire MTBE degradation pathway. In this context, it was found that (1) TBA was generated by reactions subsequent to those that produced TBF, (2) acetone was originated by at least three independent pathways involving direct hydroxyl radical attack on MTBE, TBF, and TBA, and (3) methyl acetate was formed exclusively from MTBE. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(799) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400006 ER PT J AU Wilson, GJ Pruden, A Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Wilson, GJ Pruden, A Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Biodegradation kinetics of MTBE in laboratory batch and continuous flow reactors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE oxygenation; gasoline; aerobic treatment; biodegradation ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; METHYL; SOILS AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) biodegradation was investigated using a continuously stirred tank reactor with biomass retention (porous pot reactor) operated under aerobic conditions. MTBE was fed to the reactor at an influent concentration of 150 mg/L (1.70 mM). An identical reactor was operated as a killed control under the same conditions. Operation of these reactors demonstrated that removal of MTBE was biological and suggests that biomass retention is critical for effective degradation. MTBE removal exceeded 99.99% when the volatile suspended solids concentration in the reactor was above 600 mg/L. Batch experiments conducted using mixed liquor from the porous pot reactor indicated that the individual rates of biodegradation of MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) increase with increasing initial concentration. When batch tests were later repeated, the MTBE degradation rates were found to have increased while the TBA degradation rates remained constant. All batch tests confirmed that the degradation rate of TBA governed the overall degradation rate (degradation rate of both MTBE and TBA). The presence of TBA at lower concentrations did not affect the rate of MTBE degradation; however, higher concentrations of TBA did reduce the rate of MTBE biodegradation. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Oil Spill Res Program, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wilson, GJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 741 Baldwin Hall,ML 0071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM makram.suidan@uc.edu RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 8 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 824 EP 829 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(824) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400009 ER PT J AU Sedran, MA Pruden, A Wilson, GJ Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Sedran, MA Pruden, A Wilson, GJ Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Effect of BTEX on degradation of MTBE and TBA by mixed bacterial consortium SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; ground water; water treatment; gasoline ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; CULTURES; MIXTURES AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contamination in groundwater often coexists with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) near the source of the plume. Tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) is a prevalent intermediate of MTBE degradation. Therefore, there is a significant potential for interference of MTBE and TBA degradation by the presence of BTEX whether treatment is in sit or ex situ In this study, the effect of BTEX on the degradation of MTBE and TBA was examined using a mixed bacterial culture enriched on MTBE and BTEX. In batch studies, the presence of BTEX did not have a significant effect on MTBE degradation, but did have a slight effect on TBA degradation. Under continuous flow conditions, all compounds degraded simultaneously. Normalizing rates to the MTBE loading to the reactor indicates that BTEX may assist in the development of the biomass for TBA and overall MTBE degradation. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, several diverse organisms were identified, two of which showed very high similarity with PM1, a known MTBE degrader. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sedran, MA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, ML 0071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 830 EP 835 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(830) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400010 ER PT J AU Morrison, JR Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Morrison, JR Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Use of membrane bioreactor for biodegradation of MTBE in contaminated water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; aerobic processes; biological treatment; biomass; Ohio; water treatment ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; NATURAL ATTENUATION; METHYL; CULTURE AB An ultrafiltation membrane bioreactor was evaluated for biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated water. The system was fed 5 mg/L MTBE in granular activated carbon (GAC) treated Cincinnati tap water containing ample buffer and nutrients. Within 120 days the culture had adapted to membrane operational conditions and was consistently achieving greater than 99.95% biological removal of both MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol. This condition was steadily maintained for the next 200 days of study. Effluent dissolved organic carbon values remained at or below concentrations of the feed GAC treated tap water alone. An increase-in biomass concentration as measured by volatile suspended solids was observed to correlate with an increase in MTBE removal efficiency. Some operational observations, including fouling, recovery from an accident, and overall performance, are described. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Res Ctr 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Oil Spill Res Program, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Morrison, JR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Res Ctr 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 836 EP 841 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(836) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400011 ER PT J AU Wilson, JT Kolhatkar, R AF Wilson, JT Kolhatkar, R TI Role of natural attenuation in life cycle of MTBE plumes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE ground water; attenuation; plumes; gasoline ID BIODEGRADATION; AQUIFER AB The natural life cycle of a plume of methyl tert-butyl ether from a spill of gasoline is controlled by the rate of attenuation of the source (due to partitioning from the residual gasoline to the flow of groundwater) and the rate of attenuation in the plume (due to dispersion and natural biodegradation). Rates of attenuation were extracted for plumes in California, Florida, North Carolina, New York, and New Jersey. The maximum rate of attenuation of the source was 0.75 per year. The rates of attenuation in the plumes varied from 0.56 to 4.3 per year. In all cases, the rate of attenuation of the plume exceeded the rate of attenuation of the source, As these plumes progress through their life cycle, they should recede back toward their source. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, R S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. BP Amer Inc, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. RP Wilson, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, R S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 876 EP 882 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(876) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400016 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH Cook, ML AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH Cook, ML TI Co-occurrence of MTBE and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds at marinas in large reservoir SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE benzene; gasoline; Oklahoma; Texas; water pollution; lakes ID UNITED-STATES; GROUNDWATER AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is released into the environment as one of some gasoline components, not as a pure compound. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds are major volatile constituents found in gasoline and are water soluble and mobile. This study focused on the occurrence of MTBE with BTEX compounds in several marinas in Lake Texoma, which is a large reservoir located on the Oklahoma and Texas border. During a monitoring period from June 1999 to July 2001, MTBE and BTEX were detected in 28 and 5% of samples analyzed, respectively. Methyl tert-butyl ether co-occurred with BTEX compounds in 15% of lake water samples when detectable MTBE was present. The relatively low co-occurrence (15%) of MTBE with BTEX compounds is primarily due to the volume percentage in gasoline mixtures and physicochemical properties such as water solubility and Henry's law constant. Toluene was the most commonly co-occurring BTEX with MTBE. Values of the ratios of the BTEX concentration to the MTBE concentration generally increase with depth of water. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. US Environm Protect Agcy, ORISE Res Associate Program, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 902 EP 906 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(902) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400019 ER PT J AU Kisselle, KW Zepp, RG Burke, RA Pinto, AD Bustamante, MMC Opsahl, S Varella, RF Viana, LT AF Kisselle, KW Zepp, RG Burke, RA Pinto, AD Bustamante, MMC Opsahl, S Varella, RF Viana, LT TI Seasonal soil fluxes of carbon monoxide in burned and unburned Brazilian savannas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE fire; Cerrado; Campo sujo; wet season; dry season; native grasslands ID PLANT MATTER; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CO EMISSIONS; FORESTS; CH4; SUCCESSION; MOISTURE; PASTURE; GASES AB Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon monoxide (CO) were measured from September 1999 through November 2000 in savanna areas in central Brazil (Cerrado) under different fire regimes using transparent and opaque static chambers. Studies focused on two vegetation types, cerrado stricto sensu (ss) (20-50% canopy cover) and campo sujo (open, scrubland), which were either burned every 2 years or protected from fire (for 26 years). CO emissions in transparent chambers varied seasonally, with highest fluxes during the late dry season and transition to wet season (August-October) and lowest fluxes late in the wet season (February-April). Daytime fluxes in the transparent chambers were always higher than in the opaque chambers. Similarly, a diurnal study showed negative fluxes for all nighttime measurements and positive measurements for all daytime measurements made with transparent chambers. Deposition velocities observed in the opaque chambers during the night fell in the 0.002-0.0014 cm s(-1) range, which is at the lower end of the range that has been observed in tropical, temperate, and high-latitude regions. No significant differences were found between the daytime annual average fluxes from unburned cerrado and unburned campo sujo (160 x 10(9) and 190 x 10(9) molecules cm(-2) s(-1), respectively). Fire increased soil surface CO emissions significantly in the burned cerrado plot. Measurements made 30 days after the fire showed daytime CO production over 10 times higher than that of the unburned cerrado ss (812.8 x 10(9) versus 76.8 x 10(9) molecules cm(-2) s(-1)). Postfire CO emissions were greater than prefire emissions for both opaque and transparent chambers. However, the fire-induced increase was greater in the transparent chambers. This suggests that the fire created both photochemically and thermally reactive precursors. Removal of litter and standing, dead plant material from plots in unburned campo sujo and a pasture was shown to dramatically decrease CO emissions. CO production in burned plots (using opaque chambers) was similar to previous measurements from Venezuelan and African savannas. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Inst Geol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kisselle.keith@epamail.epa.gov; mercedes@unb.br; sopsahl@jones.org; varella@unb.br RI Pinto, Alexandre/F-2344-2014; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8051 DI 10.1029/2001JD000638 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200008 ER PT J AU Pinto, AD Bustamante, MMC Kisselle, K Burke, R Zepp, R Viana, LT Varella, RF Molina, M AF Pinto, AD Bustamante, MMC Kisselle, K Burke, R Zepp, R Viana, LT Varella, RF Molina, M TI Soil emissions of N2O, NO, and CO2 in Brazilian Savannas: Effects of vegetation type, seasonality, and prescribed fires SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE trace gasses; Cerrado; savannas; prescribed fires ID SOUTHERN AFRICAN SAVANNA; ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; NITROUS-OXIDE; TROPICAL SAVANNA; CERRADO; FLUXES; FOREST; BIOMASS; CARBON AB Using closed chamber techniques, soil fluxes of NO, N2O, and CO2 were measured from September 1999 to November 2000 in savanna areas of central Brazil (cerrado) subjected to prescribed fires. Our studies focused on two vegetation types, cerrado stricto sensu (20-50% canopy cover) and campo sujo (open, grass dominated), which were either burned every 2 years or protected from fire. Soil moisture and vegetation type were more important in controlling NO and CO2 fluxes than fire regime (early dry season, middle dry season or late dry season burning). N2O fluxes, however, were very low and below detection limit in any of the vegetation-fire treatments. NO emissions increased after burning (1.0 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1)), but flux returned quickly to prefire levels and even lower. In comparison, NO emissions increased 100-fold (to 10.5 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1)) during a water-addition experiment in unburned campo sujo, and to 1.0 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1) in unburned cerrado and 1.9 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1) in burned cerrado with the first rains. Low NO and N2O emissions, low nitrification rates, and the majority of inorganic N in the form of NH4+ all indicate a conservative N cycle in the cerrado. CO2 fluxes increased with the onset of the rainy season and after artificial water addition. The highest CO2 measured in the wet season was 6.3 mumol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) in burned campo sujo. During the dry season, soil respiration in burned and unburned treatments were similar (average flux = 1.6-2.3 m mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)). Differences between fire treatments of cerrado and campo sujo CO2 fluxes are attributed to differences in relative litter production and root activity. C1 Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Estadual Mato Grosso, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-78690000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil. RP Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Campus Univ Darcy Robeiro,ICC Sul, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM aspinto@unb.br; mercedes@unb.br RI Pinto, Alexandre/F-2344-2014 NR 62 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8089 DI 10.1029/2001JD000342 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200110 ER PT J AU Liu, YX Qin, LY Wilson, BC An, LJ Hong, JS Liu, B AF Liu, YX Qin, LY Wilson, BC An, LJ Hong, JS Liu, B TI Inhibition by naloxone stereoisomers of beta-amyloid peptide (1-42)-induced superoxide production in microglia and degeneration of cortical and mesencephalic neurons SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; INDUCED HYPERACTIVITY; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; INFLAMMATORY DAMAGE; OPIATE ANTAGONISTS; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; CELL-DEATH AB Previously we reported that naloxone stereoisomers, in an opioid receptor-independent manner, attenuated the inflammation-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by inhibition of the activation of microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain. Recently we discovered that beta-amyloid peptide Abeta (1-42) exhibited enhanced neurotoxicity toward both cortical and mesencephalic neurons through the activation of microglia and production of superoxide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether naloxone isomers had any effect on Abeta (1-42)-induced neurodegeneration. Pretreatment of either cortical or mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures with 1 to 10 muM (-)-naloxone, prior to treatment for up to 11 days with 0.1 to 3 muM Abeta (1-42), afforded significant neuroprotection as judged by neurotransmitter uptake, immunocytochemical analysis, and cell counting. More importantly, (+)-naloxone, the ineffective enantiomer of (-)-naloxone in binding opioid receptors, was equally effective in affording neuroprotection. Mechanistically, inhibition of Abeta (1-42)- induced production of superoxide in microglia underlay the neuroprotective effect of naloxone stereoisomers. Moreover, neuroprotection and inhibition of Abeta (1-42)- induced superoxide production was also achieved with naloxone methiodide, a charged analog with quaternary amine, suggesting that the site of action for naloxone isomers is at the cell surface of microglia. These results demonstrated that naloxone isomers, through mechanisms unrelated to the opioid receptors, were capable of inhibiting Abeta(1-42)- induced microglial activation and degeneration of both cortical and mesencephalic neurons. Combined with our previous observations with inflammagen-induced neurodegeneration, naloxone analogs, especially (+)-naloxone, may have potential therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Neuropharmacol Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dalian Univ Technol, Dept Bioengn, Dalian, Peoples R China. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Neuropharmacol Sect, NIH, MD F1-01,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI liu, Bin/A-7695-2009 NR 62 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 302 IS 3 BP 1212 EP 1219 AR UNSP 35956/1005694 DI 10.1124/jpet.102.035956 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 584LB UT WOS:000177467100045 PM 12183682 ER PT J AU Chow, JC Bachmann, JD Wierman, SSG Mathai, CV Malm, WC White, WH Mueller, PK Kumar, N Watson, JG AF Chow, JC Bachmann, JD Wierman, SSG Mathai, CV Malm, WC White, WH Mueller, PK Kumar, N Watson, JG TI Visibility: Science and regulation - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID LIGHT-SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS; AIR-QUALITY; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; PARTICULATE MATTER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES; EXTINCTION C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mid Atlantic Reg Air Management Assoc, Baltimore, MD USA. Pinnacle W Arizona Publ Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, AIR, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. TropoChem, Palo Alto, CA USA. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; White, Warren H/0000-0001-7323-7867 NR 134 TC 35 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 21 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 52 IS 9 BP 973 EP 999 PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 592JE UT WOS:000177933800001 PM 12269672 ER PT J AU Weitz, KA Thorneloe, SA Nishtala, SR Yarkosky, S Zannes, M AF Weitz, KA Thorneloe, SA Nishtala, SR Yarkosky, S Zannes, M TI The impact of municipal solid waste management on greenhouse gas emissions in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Technological advancements, environmental regulations, and emphasis on resource conservation and recovery have greatly reduced the environmental impacts of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, including emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study was conducted using a life-cycle methodology to track changes in GHG emissions during the past 25 years from the management of MSW in the United States. For the baseline year of 1974, MSW management consisted of limited recycling, combustion without energy recovery, and landfilling without gas collection or control. This was compared with data for 1980, 1990, and 1997, accounting for changes in MSW quantity, composition, management practices, and technology. Over time, the United States has moved toward increased recycling, composting, combustion (with energy recovery) and landfilling with gas recovery, control, and utilization. These changes were accounted for with historical data on MSW composition, quantities, management practices, and technological changes. Included in the analysis were the benefits of materials recycling and energy recovery to the extent that these displace virgin raw materials and fossil fuel electricity production, respectively. Carbon sinks associated with MSW management also were addressed. The results indicate. that the MSW management actions taken by U.S. communities have significantly reduced potential GHG emission's despite an almost 2-fold increase in waste generation. GHG emissions from MSW management were estimated to be 36 million metric tons carbon equivalents (MMTCE) in 1974 and 8 MMTCE in 1997. If MSW were being managed today as it was in 1974, GHG emissions would be similar to60 MMTCE. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Environm Anal, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Integrated Waste Serv Assoc, Washington, DC USA. RP Weitz, KA (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Environm Anal, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 33 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1000 EP 1011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 592JE UT WOS:000177933800002 PM 12269661 ER PT J AU Brodrick, CJ Dwyer, HA Farshchi, M Harris, DB King, FG AF Brodrick, CJ Dwyer, HA Farshchi, M Harris, DB King, FG TI Effects of engine speed and accessory load on idling emissions from heavy-duty diesel truck engines SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A nontrivial portion of. heavy-duty vehicle emissions of NOx and particulate matter (PM) occurs during idling. Regulators and the environmental community are interested in curtailing truck idling emissions, but current emissions models do not characterize them accurately, and little quantitative data exist to evaluate the relative effectiveness of various policies. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of accessory loading and engine speed on idling emissions from a properly functioning, modern, heavy-duty diesel truck and to compare these results with data from earlier model year vehicles. It was found that emissions during idling varied greatly as. a function of engine model year, engine speed,and accessory load conditions. For the 1999 model year Class 8 truck tested, raising the engine speed from 600 to 1050 rpm and turning on the air conditioning resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in NOx emissions in grams per hour, a 2-fold increase in CO2 emissions, and a 5-fold increase in CO emissions while idling. On a grams per gallon fuel basis, NOx emissions while idling were approximately twice as high as those at 55 mph. The CO2 emissions at the two conditions were closer. The NOx emissions from the 1999 truck while idling with air conditioning running were slightly more than those of two 1990 model year trucks under equivalent conditions, and the hydrocarbon (HC) and CO emissions were significantly lower. It was found that the NOx emissions used in the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) EMFAC2000 and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) MOBILE5b emissions inventory models were lower than those measured in all of the idling conditions tested on the 1999 truck. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sharif Univ Technol, Tehran, Iran. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brodrick, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1026 EP 1031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 592JE UT WOS:000177933800004 PM 12269663 ER PT J AU Muntner, P He, J Vupputuri, S Coresh, J Batuman, V AF Muntner, P He, J Vupputuri, S Coresh, J Batuman, V TI Blood lead and chronic kidney disease in the general US population: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 424A EP 424A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757502084 ER PT J AU Nadadur, SS Kodavanti, UP AF Nadadur, SS Kodavanti, UP TI Altered gene expression profiles of rat lung in response to an emission particulate and its metal constituents SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; OIL FLY-ASH; NF-KAPPA-B; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PULMONARY-ARTERY; IN-VITRO; INJURY; ACTIVATION AB Comprehensive and systematic approaches are needed to understand the molecular basis for the health effects of particulate matter ( PM) reported in epidemiological studies. Due to the complex nature of the pollutant and the altered physiological conditions of predisposed populations, it has been difficult to establish a direct cause and effect relationship. A high-throughput technology such as gene expression profiling may be useful in identifying molecular networks implicated in the health effects of PM and its causative constituents. Differential gene expression profiles derived for rat lungs exposed to PM and its constituent metals using a custom rat cardiopulmonary cDNA array are presented here. This array consists of 84 cardiopulmonary-related genes representing various biological functions such as lung injury/inflammation, repair/remodeling, structural and matrix alterations, and vascular contractility, as well as six expressed sequence tags ( ESTs). The cDNA array was hybridized with P-32-labeled cDNA generated from rat lung RNA. Total lung RNA was isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 and 24 h following intratracheal instillation of either saline, residual oil fly ash ( ROFA; 3.3 mg/kg), or its most toxic metallic constituents, nickel (NiSO4; 3.3 mmol/kg) and vanadium (VSO4; 5.7 mmol/kg). Metal concentrations reflected the levels present in one ROFA instillate. Densitometric scans of the array blots indicated ROFA- and metal-specific increased expression (1.5 to 3-fold) of stress response, inflammatory, and repair-related genes, and also genes involved in vascular contractility and thrombogenic activity. Expression of multiple cytokines in ROFA exposed rat lung compared to Ni and V suggest the role and importance of understanding constituent interactions in PM toxicity. Expression profiling using genomic approaches will aid in our understanding of toxicant-specific altered molecular pathways in lung injury and pathogenesis. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nadadur, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL,ORD, MD-82, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD SEP PY 2002 VL 65 IS 18 BP 1333 EP 1350 DI 10.1080/00984100290071559 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 588YT UT WOS:000177730400003 PM 12227955 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M Selvakumar, A Sethi, V AF Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M Selvakumar, A Sethi, V TI Cost models for water supply distribution systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE water supply; costs; water distribution; rehabilitation; regression models; pipes ID CONTAMINANT PROPAGATION; ORGANICS; OUTBREAK; MISSOURI; QUALITY; GAC AB A major challenge for society in the 21st century will be replacement, design, and optimal management of urban infrastructure. It is estimated that the current worldwide demand for infrastructure investment is approximately three trillion dollars annually. A Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimated that community water systems nationwide have an immediate need of $12.1 billion in infrastructure investment, primarily to protect against microbiological contamination. This paper presents equations that can be used to estimate the cost of system construction, expansion, and rehabilitation and repair for distribution system components. Equations have been developed for installation of new pipe, trenching, embedment, and the other unit operations that are required to replace or construct new distribution system components. Equations have also been developed to estimate the cost of cement mortar lining, sliplining, and corrosion control. These equations can be used in an additive manner to estimate the cost of all of the unit operations required for replacing or laying new distribution system piping, and for a limited set of rehabilitation and repair options. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Managmenet Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Off Director, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Managmenet Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ USA. Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managmenet Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Off Director, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 128 IS 5 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:5(312) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 585HG UT WOS:000177518900002 ER PT J AU Tryby, ME Boccelli, DL Uber, JG Rossman, LA AF Tryby, ME Boccelli, DL Uber, JG Rossman, LA TI Facility location model for booster disinfection of water supply networks SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE water distribution; disinfection; optimization; water quality; mathematical models; location ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; CHLORINE AB Secondary or postdisinfection is widely used to maintain protective levels of disinfectant within water distribution systems. In contrast to conventional methods that apply disinfectant only at the treatment. works, booster disinfection reapplies disinfectant at strategic locations within the distribution system to compensate for the losses that occur as it decays over time. Building on the writers' previous work, this paper addresses the problem of locating disinfectant booster stations that minimize the dosage required to maintain residuals throughout the supply network, and introduces a useful parameterization for disinfectant source types. The model is related to the general fixed-charge facility location problem and is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem. Results for an example network show that disinfectant dosage savings are achievable with the adoption of booster disinfection, and that the rate of savings decreases as the number of booster stations utilized increases. Furthermore, booster disinfection may provide a more even distribution of disinfectant concentrations throughout the network, and has the potential to reduce aggregate exposure of the population to chlorine (and its by-products) while simultaneously improving residual coverage in the periphery of the distribution system. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US EPA, RREL, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tryby, ME (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, POB 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 14 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 128 IS 5 BP 322 EP 333 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:5(322) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 585HG UT WOS:000177518900003 ER PT J AU Larkin, P Folmar, LC Hemmer, MJ Poston, AJ Lee, HS Denslow, ND AF Larkin, P Folmar, LC Hemmer, MJ Poston, AJ Lee, HS Denslow, ND TI Array technology as a tool to monitor exposure of fish to xenoestrogens SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 11) CY JUL 10-13, 2001 CL PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND DE biomarkers; endocrine disruption; estrogen; macroarray; mRNA expression; pollution monitoring; sheepshead minnow ID DISRUPTION; EXPRESSION; CHEMICALS; INDICATOR AB A variety of anthropogenic chemicals are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor of vertebrate species. Binding of these compounds can interfere with homeostasis by disrupting normal gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying array technology as a monitoring tool for detecting the presence and distribution of estrogenic compounds in coastal habitats using sheepshead minnows as our model. cDNA clones that were isolated from differential display, including vitellogenin alpha and beta, vitelline envelope protein (ZP2), and transferrin, among others, were spotted on the macroarray. The results of these experiments demonstrate a characteristic expression pattern of estrogen responsive genes in sheepshead minnows exposed to, 17 beta-estradiol (E-2). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Ctr Biotechnol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Larkin, P (reprint author), Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, POB 100156 HC, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 395 EP 399 AR PII S0141-1136(02)00172-1 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00172-1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 599XH UT WOS:000178360100035 PM 12408593 ER PT J AU Lin, QX Mendelssohn, IA Suidan, MT Lee, K Venosa, AD AF Lin, QX Mendelssohn, IA Suidan, MT Lee, K Venosa, AD TI The dose-response relationship between No. 2 fuel oil and the growth of the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE wetlands; oil spill; Spartina; phytoremediation; restoration; Microtox ID LOUISIANA CRUDE-OIL; VEGETATION; BIOREMEDIATION; BRACKISH AB The effect of No. 2 fuel oil on the biomass production of the salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, was studied in a greenhouse dose-response experiment. S. alterniflora were transplanted into soil with 10 dosage levels of No. 2 fuel oil ranging from 0 to 456 mg g(-1) dry soil. Three months after transplantation, values for plant biomass, stem density, and shoot height decreased significantly with increasing fuel oil level in a dose-response fashion. Evapo-transpiration rates were correlated with the total biomass response. Relative to the control, a significant decrease in total (above- plus below-ground) plant biomass was observed at concentrations above 57 mg g(-1) dry soil. Within the 3-month experimental period, detrimental effects on below-ground biomass accumulation and bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Viberio fisheri in the Microtox Solid Phase Test were observed at oil concentrations >29 mg g(-1) dry soil, suggesting that biological effects of oil within the sediment matrix may be more pronounced than on above-ground biomass, requiring a dosage greater than or equal to 228 mg g(-1) dry soil to elicit a significant detrimental effect. Hence, measurements of oil effects with biological end-points based solely on above-ground responses may underestimate the potential impacts of petroleum hydrocarbon spills, especially when the oil has penetrated the soil. While S. alterniflora was proved to be relatively tolerant to the No. 2 fuel oil spills, its effectiveness in phytoremediation operations may be limited at fuel oil levels 228 mg g(-1) dry soil, as both plant growth and microbial activity may be constrained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Ctr Coastal Energy & Environm Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Environm Sci Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Ctr Coastal Energy & Environm Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM comlin@lsu.edu NR 18 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 44 IS 9 BP 897 EP 902 AR PII S0025-326X(02)00118-2 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00118-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 599XV UT WOS:000178361200017 PM 12405214 ER PT J AU Chao, C Youssef, J Rezaiekhaleigh, M Birnbaum, LS Badr, M AF Chao, C Youssef, J Rezaiekhaleigh, M Birnbaum, LS Badr, M TI Senescence-associated decline in hepatic peroxisomal enzyme activities corresponds with diminished levels of retinoid X receptor alpha, but not peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors; retinoid X receptors; aging; peroxisomal beta-oxidation; apoptosis ID RAT-LIVER PEROXISOMES; PPAR-ALPHA; APOPTOSIS; AGE; NAFENOPIN; MICE; ACID; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUPPRESSION; CATALASE AB Aging is associated with alterations in hepatic peroxisomal metabolism and susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenicity produced by agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. However, as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), PPARalpha regulates transcription of genes involved in oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Modulating these important cell functions as a result of aging may be responsible for altered hepatic peroxisomal responses in the senescent liver. Therefore, we investigated hepatic apoptosis, and peroxisomal P-oxidation activity, a major source of H2O2, as well as the activity of the peroxisomal anti-oxidant enzyme catalase, in male Fischer-344 rats of four age groups (4, 10, 50 and 100 week old). We further quantified protein levels of both PPARalpha and RXRalpha in these animals. Data show that peroxisomal P-oxidation and catalase activities were significantly lower in livers of the 100 week old animals compared with other age groups, while percentage of apoptotic hepatocytes were identical in all animal age groups. However, aging had no effect on hepatic PPARalpha protein levels. In the senescent group, the level of decline in both peroxisomal enzyme activities of 30% was surprisingly similar to the decline observed in the hepatic expression of the RXRalpha protein. Results from this study suggest that alterations in peroxisomal metabolism observed in the senescent liver may be a result of the decline in the availability of RXRalpha receptor, and not the primary PPARalpha receptor. On the other hand, PPARalpha-independent mechanisms appear to play a role in controlling apoptosis in the senescent liver. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Envirom Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Badr, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 2411 Holmes St,M3-115, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18479] NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1469 EP 1476 AR PII S0047-6374(02)00086-6 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(02)00086-6 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 618JN UT WOS:000179415100006 PM 12425954 ER PT J AU McCarroll, NE Protzel, A Ioannou, Y Stack, HF Jackson, MA Waters, MD Dearfield, KL AF McCarroll, NE Protzel, A Ioannou, Y Stack, HF Jackson, MA Waters, MD Dearfield, KL TI A survey of EPA/OPP and open literature on selected pesticide chemicals III. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of benomyl and carbendazim SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE pesticides; benomyl; aneuploidy; mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; mode of action ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE D61.M; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; TUBULIN ASSEMBLY ASSAY; DIFFERENT TEST SYSTEMS; MOUSE BONE-MARROW; INDUCED ANEUPLOIDY; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB known aneuploidogens, benomyl and its metabolite, carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC)), were selected for the third in a series of ongoing projects with selected pesticides. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA's) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) as part of the registration process are examined along with data from the open literature. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity profiles are developed to provide a complete overview and to determine whether an association can be made between benomyl- and MBC-induced mouse liver tumors and aneuploidy. Since aneuploidogens are considered to indirectly affect DNA, the framework adopted by the Agency for evaluating any mode of action (MOA) for carcinogenesis is applied to the benomyl/MBC data. Both agents displayed consistent, positive results for aneuploidy induction but mostly negative results for gene mutations. Non-linear dose responses were seen both in vitro and in vivo for aneuploidy endpoints. No evidence was found suggesting that an alternative MOA other than aneuploidy may be operative. The data show that by 14 days of benomyl treatment, events associated with liver toxicity appear to set in motion the sequence of actions that leads to neoplasms. Genetic changes (as indicated by spindle impairment leading to missegregation of chromosomes, micronucleus induction and subsequent aneuploidy in bone marrow cells) can commence within 1-24 h after dosing, well within the time frame for early key events. Critical steps associated with frank tumor formation in the mouse liver include hepatotoxicity, increased liver weights, cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and other steps involving hepatocellular alteration and eventual progression to neoplasms. The analysis, however, reveals weaknesses in the data base for both agents (i.e. no studies on mouse tubulin binding, no in vivo assays of aneuploidy on the target tissue (liver), and no clear data on cell proliferation relative to dose response and time dependency). The deficiencies in defining the MOA for benomyl/MBC introduce uncertainties into the analysis; consequently, benomyl/MBC induction of aneuploidy cannot be definitively linked to mouse liver carcinogenicity at this time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Hlth Effects Div 7509C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Alpha Gamma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab MD 51A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy 8103R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McCarroll, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Hlth Effects Div 7509C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 164 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 512 IS 1 BP 1 EP 35 AR PII S1383-5742(02)00026-1 DI 10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00026-1 PG 35 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 592ZX UT WOS:000177967700001 PM 12220588 ER PT J AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT TI Salmon recovery: Learning from successes and failures SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 4 BP 356 EP 360 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 629RX UT WOS:000180063600010 ER PT J AU Teschke, K Olshan, AF Daniels, JL De Roos, AJ Parks, CG Schulz, M Vaughan, TL AF Teschke, K Olshan, AF Daniels, JL De Roos, AJ Parks, CG Schulz, M Vaughan, TL TI Occupational exposure assessment in case-control studies: opportunities for improvement SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REPORTED WORK HISTORY; RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT; INTERRATER AGREEMENT; INDUSTRIAL-HYGIENE; ASBESTOS EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER; SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; GENERAL-POPULATION; RESPIRATORY HEALTH AB Community based case-control studies are an efficient means to study disease aetiologies, and may be the only practical means to investigate rare diseases. However, exposure assessment remains problematic. We review the literature on the validity and reliability of common case-control exposure assessment methods: occupational histories, job-exposure matrices (JEMs), self reported exposures, and expert assessments. Given the variable quality of current exposure assessment techniques, we suggest methods to improve assessments, including the incorporation of hygiene measurements: using data from administrative exposure databases; using results of studies identifying determinants of exposure to develop questionnaires and where reasonable given latency and biological half life considerations, directly measuring exposures of study subjects. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Occupat Eidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Teschke, K (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, 2222 Hlth Sci Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM teschke@interchange.ubc.ca NR 129 TC 194 Z9 196 U1 3 U2 15 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 59 IS 9 BP 575 EP 593 DI 10.1136/oem.59.9.575 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 592VH UT WOS:000177957200002 PM 12205230 ER PT J AU Koch, PL Phillips, DL AF Koch, PL Phillips, DL TI Incorporating concentration dependence in stable isotope mixing models: a reply to Robbins, Hilderbrand and Farley (2002) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLACK BEARS; DIET; ANIMALS C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Koch, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-0977-6 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597MA UT WOS:000178224300003 PM 24599364 ER PT J AU Barrett, WM Harten, P AF Barrett, WM Harten, P TI Development of the Metal Finishing Facility Risk Screening Tool (MFFRST) SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION WAR ALGORITHM; ELECTROPLATING PLANTS; WASTE MINIMIZATION; SIMULATION; POLLUTION; DESIGN AB Recently, the US Environmental Protection Agency completed the development of the first version of the Metal Finishing Facility Risk Screening Tool (MFFRST) and has made this product available to the general public (http://www.epa.gov/ncea/mffrst.htm). MFFRST calculates the air emissions from a metal plating line and estimates the risk to both facility employees and the surrounding neighborhood from the air emissions. The next step in the development of MFFRST is to include solid and liquid wastes in the analysis. In order to accurately estimate the risks associated with these waste streams, the quantity of waste generated and the mass of hazardous substances they contain must be known. The second version of MFFRST will utilize process synthesis and integration techniques to simulate the metal finishing process. Process synthesis and integration devolve the process into simple structures that can then be combined to create a model of the metal plating line. The quantity and composition of waste streams can then be calculated using the model. The model can then be used to analyze the effect of process modifications on waste generation. The ultimate goal of the program is to enable the user to evaluate the process to analyze any of a number of factors, including quantity and composition of wastes generated, cost/benefit analysis of waste reduction processes and/or life cycle analysis of the metal finishing process. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Barrett, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS445, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 89 IS 9 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 593YN UT WOS:000178022200010 ER PT J AU Kirchgessner, D Masemore, S AF Kirchgessner, D Masemore, S TI Performance of microturbine-based cogeneration system verified SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kirchgessner, D (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG JI Power Eng. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 106 IS 9 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 598HE UT WOS:000178269500013 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of butyl benzyl phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE butyl benzyl phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT YEAST; RATS; ESTERS; SPERM; EMBRYOLETHALITY; ABSORPTION; CHEMICALS; DIESTERS C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R29 ES007981-05, ES-85425] NR 65 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 453 EP 487 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00029-1 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00029-1 PG 35 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200002 PM 12406492 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-n-butyl phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; MONO(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS; RECOMBINANT YEAST; LATE-GESTATION C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Calif Environm Prot Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-85425, R29 ES007981-05] NR 75 TC 88 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 489 EP 527 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00033-3 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00033-3 PG 39 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200003 PM 12406493 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE BAGS; HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; DIFFERENTIAL PRENATAL TOXICITY; RAT EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SUBCHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY; CELL FUNCTION-INVITRO; FISCHER 344 RATS; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-85425, R29 ES007981-05] NR 248 TC 191 Z9 208 U1 6 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 529 EP 653 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00032-1 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00032-1 PG 125 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200004 PM 12406494 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Fuastman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Fuastman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isodecyl phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-isodecyl phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT YEAST; ESTERS; CHEMICALS; ABSORPTION; RATS; PLASTICIZERS; XENOBIOTICS; DIESTERS C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-85425] NR 43 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 655 EP 678 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00068-0 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00068-0 PG 24 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200005 PM 12406495 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isononyl phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-isononyl phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID DIFFERENTIAL PRENATAL TOXICITY; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT YEAST; RATS; ESTERS; PLASTICIZERS; ABSORPTION; CHEMICALS; RODENTS C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-85425] NR 50 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 679 EP 708 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00034-5 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00034-5 PG 30 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200006 PM 12406496 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-hexyl phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-n-hexyl phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; ACID ESTERS; CHEMICALS; ABSORPTION; MICE; RATS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; DIESTERS; MOUSE C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-85425] NR 32 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 709 EP 719 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00030-8 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00030-8 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200007 PM 12406497 ER PT J AU Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T AF Kavlock, R Boekelheide, K Chapin, R Cunningham, M Faustman, E Foster, P Golub, M Henderson, R Hinberg, I Little, R Seed, J Shea, K Tabacova, S Tyl, R Williams, P Zacharewski, T TI NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-n-octyl phthalate; reproductive toxicity; developmental toxicity; review; exposure; systemic toxicity; toxicokinetics; risk evaluation ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; RECOMBINANT YEAST; ACID ESTERS; RAT; CHEMICALS; HYDROLYSIS; DIESTERS; CULTURES C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Off Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavlock, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-85425] NR 36 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 721 EP 734 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00031-X DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00031-X PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 615UL UT WOS:000179265200008 PM 12406498 ER PT J AU Simmons, JE Boyes, WK Bushnell, PJ Raymer, JH Limsakun, T McDonald, A Sey, YM Evans, MV AF Simmons, JE Boyes, WK Bushnell, PJ Raymer, JH Limsakun, T McDonald, A Sey, YM Evans, MV TI A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene in the male Long-Evans rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; trichloroethylene; Long-Evans rat; Vmaxc ID MULTIROUTE EXPOSURE MODEL; GAS UPTAKE INHALATION; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; METABOLIC CONSTANTS; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; BLOOD AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for trichloroethylene (TCE) in the male Long-Evans (LE) rat was needed to aid in evaluation of neurotoxicity data collected in this rodent stock. The purpose of this study was to develop such a model with the greatest possible specificity for the LE rat. The PBPK model consisted of 5 compartments: brain, fat, slowly perfused tissue, rapidly perfused viscera, and liver. Partition coefficients (blood, fat, muscle, brain, liver) were determined for LE rats. The volumes of the brain, liver, and fat compartments were estimated for each rat, with tissue-specific regression equations developed from measurements made in LE rats. Vapor uptake data from LE rats were used for estimation of Vmaxc. As blood flow values for LE rats were not available, values from Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Fischer-344 (F344) rats were used in separate simulations. The resulting values of Vmaxc were used to simulate tissue (blood, liver, brain, fat) TCE concentrations, which were measured during (5, 20, 60 min) and after (60 min of TCE followed by 60 min of air) flow-through inhalation exposures of LE rats to 200, 2000, or 4000 ppm TCE. Simulation of the experimental data was improved by use of F-344 blood-flow values and the corresponding Vmaxc (8.68 mg/h/kg) compared to use of SD flows and the associated Vmaxc (7.34 mg/h/kg). Sensitivity analysis was used to determine those input parameters with the greatest influence on TCE tissue concentrations. Alveolar ventilation consistently (across exposure concentration, exposure duration, and target tissue) had the greatest impact on TCE tissue concentration. The PBPK model described here is being used to explore the relationship between measures of internal dose of TCE and neurotoxic outcome. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Simmons, JE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, MD-74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.1.3 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 593NC UT WOS:000177996800002 PM 12215655 ER PT J AU Rockett, JC Kavlock, RJ Lambright, CR Parks, LG Schmid, JE Wilson, VS Wood, C Dix, DJ AF Rockett, JC Kavlock, RJ Lambright, CR Parks, LG Schmid, JE Wilson, VS Wood, C Dix, DJ TI DNA arrays to monitor gene expression in rat blood and uterus following 17 beta-estradiol exposure: Biomonitoring environmental effects using surrogate tissues SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE uterus; blood; rat; microarray; gene expression; estradiol; endocrine disrupting chemical; biomonitoring; surrogate tissue ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; FEMALE RATS; CELL-TYPES; ESTRADIOL; PROFILES; ALPHA; JUN; PROTOONCOGENE; OVARIECTOMY; MECHANISMS AB We propose that gene expression changes in accessible tissues such as blood often reflect those in inaccessible tissues, thus offering a convenient biomonitoring method to provide insight into the effects of environmental toxicants on such tissues. In this pilot study, gene expression changes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were compared to those in the uteri of adult rats to identify genes that were altered in both tissues following estradiol treatment. Ovariectomized rats were treated with either 17beta-estradiol or vehicle control (corn oil) for 3 days. PBL and uterine RNAs were hybridized to arrays containing 1185 genes. One hundred and ninety three genes were expressed in common between the PBL and uterus. Eighteen were changed significantly in both tissues, 9 of which were treatment- but not tissue-specific (e.g., jun-D, phospholipase A2, thymidine kinase). These results demonstrate that many genes are coexpressed between PBL and uterus, and that some are coregulated by estradiol. Given the limited number of genes examined in this study and the estimated size of other mammalian genomes, we conclude that many more genes will also be coregulated and suggest that accessible tissues such as PBL can serve as surrogate tissues for observing gene expression changes in inaccessible target tissues. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rockett, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.1.49 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 593NC UT WOS:000177996800007 PM 12215660 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW Copeland, CB Bishop, LR Daniels, MJ Gilmour, MI AF Luebke, RW Copeland, CB Bishop, LR Daniels, MJ Gilmour, MI TI Mortality in dioxin-exposed mice infected with influenza: Mitochondrial toxicity (Reye's-Like syndrome) versus enhanced inflammation as the mode of action SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dioxin; immunotoxicity; host resistance; Reye's Syndrome; influenza infection; pulmonary inflammation ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; HOST-RESISTANCE; A VIRUS; MOUSE MODEL; TNF-ALPHA; B VIRUS; ANTIBODY; PATHOGENESIS; CYTOKINES; DEXAMETHASONE AB Increased mortality following influenza A infection was reported in B6C3F1 mice exposed to a low (0.01 mug/kg) dose of dioxin. However, mortality was not associated with increased viral load and antibody titers to the virus were not decreased at doses of TCDD less than or equal to 10 mug/kg, suggesting that viral overgrowth, secondary to immunosuppression, was not the proximate cause of death. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial toxicity and dysfunction, similar to Reye's syndrome (RS) in humans, is responsible for increased mortality in dioxin-exposed, infected B6C3F1 female mice, based on similarities in the biochemical and immunological events that occur in RS and in TCDD-exposed animals. Endpoints were also included to test the hypothesis that increased pulmonary inflammation following dioxin exposure, in the absence of mitochondrial toxicity, was associated with increased mortality. Dose-related effects of TCDD alone, infection with influenza A alone, and combined TCDD exposure/influenza infection were evaluated. Mice were given a single ip injection of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mug TCDD/kg, 7 days before infection by intranasal instillation of an estimated LD10-20 of influenza A Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) and were terminated 1, 7, and 10 days after infection. Serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue were collected for various measurements, including clinical chemistries, cell counts, cytokine analysis, and viral titers. Exposure to less than or equal to 1.0 mug TCDD/kg did not increase mortality; virus titers were similar at all doses of TCDD and there was no dioxin-related effect on serum NH3 or glucose concentrations, two prominent indicators of the altered mitochondrial oxidative metabolism typically observed in RS. A study was therefore conducted over a wider range of TCDD doses. A single injection of 0, 0.025, 0.5, or 10 mug TCDD/kg preceded infection by 7 days; subgroups of noninfected control and highest dose group (10 mug TCDD/kg) mice were also evaluated for biochemical and immunological endpoints on the equivalent of infection day 4 to provide baseline data. Five days after infection the same endpoints described above were evaluated. The 10 mug TCDD/kg dose increased mortality, but once again did not increase virus titer; as in previous experiments, serum biochemistry endpoints did not support mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that RS is an unlikely explanation for increased influenza mortality in TCDD-exposed mice. Rather, constituents in BALF implicate increased pulmonary inflammation as the mode of TCDD action. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, MD-92,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.1.109 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 593NC UT WOS:000177996800011 PM 12215664 ER PT J AU Dugyala, RR Claggett, TW Kimmel, GL Kimmel, CA AF Dugyala, RR Claggett, TW Kimmel, GL Kimmel, CA TI HSP90 alpha, HSP90 beta, and p53 expression following in vitro hyperthermia exposure in gestation day 10 rat embryos SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hyperthermia; HSP90; p53; developmental toxicity; rat embryo culture ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; WILD-TYPE P53; GENE-EXPRESSION; MUTANT P53; MATERNAL HYPERTHERMIA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DEVELOPMENT INVITRO; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CELL-LINE; IN-VITRO AB The studies presented here are aimed at understanding the expression of p53, HSP90alpha, and HSP90beta in gestation day (GD) 10 CD rat embryos. GD 10 rat embryos were exposed in vitro to 37degreesC or 42degreesC for 15 min, then cultured at 37degreesC for 0.5, 1, 3, or 5 h. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned embryos for p53, HSP90alpha, or HSP90beta expression. p53 expression was minimal in control embryos but was induced with heat exposure. Maximum expression of p53 was observed in rostral tissues, e.g., the optic vesicle, rostral neuroepithelium, and mature (rostral) somites 3 and 5 h after heat exposure. Expression of p53 in the caudal region, such as in mid and caudal neuroepithelium, immature (caudal) somites, and presomitic mesoderm, was moderate compared to rostral areas. No p53 expression was observed in the heart under any condition. The rostral-caudal gradient of p53 expression was not observed for HSP90alpha expression. HSP90alpha was induced in heat-exposed embryos beginning at 1 h, predominantly in neural tube and optic vesicle. Moderate but increased expression was observed in the somites of heat-exposed embryos at 3 and 5 h. Expression of p53 was primarily nuclear while HSP90alpha expression was mostly cytoplasmic. No clear association was observed between heat-induced HSP90alpha and p53 expression. HSP90beta was expressed extensively in control and heat-exposed embryos. Results indicate that heat induces p53 and HSP90alpha expression, but not HSP90beta expression, and that HSP90alpha induction is not likely to be involved in p53 regulation in mammalian embryos. C1 Pathol Associates Inc, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US FDA, Hlth Sci Branch, Div Life Sci, Off Sci & Technol,Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Kimmel, CA (reprint author), US EPA, NCEAW 8623D, ORD, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.1.183 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 593NC UT WOS:000177996800020 PM 12215673 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Rodecap, KD Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Gregg, JW AF Tingey, DT Rodecap, KD Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Gregg, JW TI Pod development increases the ozone sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE beans; foliar injury; ozone; Phaseolus vulgaris; plant development yield ID ETHYLENEDIUREA EDU; GROWTH-STAGE; YIELD; EXPOSURE; RESPONSES; BEANS; POLLUTION; CHAMBERS; STRESS; INJURY AB The objective of this study was to determine if the O-3 sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. changed with plant development. Plants exposed to charcoal-filtered air or elevated O-3 throughout the study were compared to those exposed only during the vegetative or reproductive stages. Effects of pod development on O-3 sensitivity were also examined by removing flowers from a subset of plants. We found that plant developmental stage significantly altered O-3 sensitivity. Exposures during vegetative stages caused little foliar injury and had only a small impact on total growth and yield. In contrast, exposures during pod development had a much greater effect on foliar injury, growth and yield. Pod development significantly increased O-3 induced foliar injury and O-3 impacts on plant growth. We suggest that the greater O-3 sensitivity during pod filling and maturation is the consequence of reduced energy levels available for homeostatic repair processes. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 139 IS 1-4 BP 325 EP 341 DI 10.1023/A:1015802823398 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 560TY UT WOS:000176098500017 ER PT J AU Thursby, GB Chintala, MM Stetson, D Wigand, C Champlin, DM AF Thursby, GB Chintala, MM Stetson, D Wigand, C Champlin, DM TI A rapid, non-destructive method for estimating aboveground biomass of salt marsh grasses SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Spartina; Phragmites; biomass; method ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; BELOWGROUND BIOMASS; STAND AB Understanding the primary productivity of salt marshes requires accurate estimates of biomass. Unfortunately, these estimates vary enough within and among salt marshes to require large numbers of replicates if the averages are to be statistically meaningful. Large numbers of replicates are rarely taken, however, because they involve too much labor. Here, we present data on a fast, non-destructive method for measuring aboveground biomass of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis that uses only the average height of the five tallest shoots and the total density of shoots over 10 cm tall. Collecting the data takes only a few minutes per replicate, and calculated values for biomass compare favorably with destructive measurements on harvested samples. C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Thursby, GB (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 16 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0626:ARNDMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 604DP UT WOS:000178600900016 ER PT J AU Dellarco, VL AF Dellarco, VL TI Cumulative risk assessment of pesticides that share a common mechanism of toxicity SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 178 IS 1 SI SI BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 585GU UT WOS:000177517700037 ER PT J AU Vogelbein, WK Lovko, VJ Shields, JD Reece, KS Mason, PL Haas, LW Walker, CC AF Vogelbein, WK Lovko, VJ Shields, JD Reece, KS Mason, PL Haas, LW Walker, CC TI Pfiesteria shumwayae kills fish by micropredation not exotoxin secretion SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TOXIC PFIESTERIA; ESTUARINE FISH; HUMAN HEALTH; LIFE-CYCLE; DINOFLAGELLATE; PISCICIDA; DINOPHYCEAE; MENHADEN; BEHAVIOR; RECEPTOR AB Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae reportedly secrete potent exotoxins thought to cause fish lesion events, acute fish kills and human disease in mid-Atlantic USA estuaries(1-7). However, Pfiesteria toxins have never been isolated or characterized(8). We investigated mechanisms by which P. shumwayae kills fish using three different approaches. Here we show that larval fish bioassays conducted in tissue culture plates fitted with polycarbonate membrane inserts exhibited mortality (100%) only in treatments where fish and dinospores were in physical contact. No mortalities occurred in treatments where the membrane prevented contact between dinospores and fish. Using differential centrifugation and filtration of water from a fish-killing culture, we produced 'dinoflagellate', 'bacteria' and 'cell-free' fractions. Larval fish bioassays of these fractions resulted in mortalities (60-100% in less than 24 h) only in fractions containing live dinospores ('whole water', 'dinoflagellate'), with no mortalities in 'cell-free' or 'bacteria'-enriched fractions. Videomicrography and electron microscopy show dinospores swarming toward and attaching to skin, actively feeding, and rapidly denuding fish of epidermis. We show here that our cultures of actively fish-killing P. shumwayae do not secrete potent exotoxins; rather, fish mortality results from micropredatory feeding. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Vogelbein, WK (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 210 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 29 PY 2002 VL 418 IS 6901 BP 967 EP 970 DI 10.1038/nature01008 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588AP UT WOS:000177677500042 PM 12198545 ER PT J AU Mott, JA Wolfe, MI Alverson, CJ Macdonald, SC Bailey, CR Ball, LB Moorman, JE Somers, JH Mannino, DM Redd, SC AF Mott, JA Wolfe, MI Alverson, CJ Macdonald, SC Bailey, CR Ball, LB Moorman, JE Somers, JH Mannino, DM Redd, SC TI National vehicle emissions policies and practices and declining US carbon monoxide-related mortality SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EXHAUST; DEATHS AB Context Carbon monoxide (CO) has been reported to contribute to more than 2000 poisoning deaths per year in the United States. Objectives To evaluate the influence of national vehicle emissions policies and practices on CO-related mortality and to describe 31 years (1968-1998) of CO-related deaths in the United States. Design and Setting Longitudinal trend analysis using computerized death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Census Bureau population data, and annual CO emissions estimates for light-duty vehicles provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Main Outcome Measure All deaths in the US for which non-fire-related CO poisoning was an underlying or contributing condition, classified by intent and mechanism of death. Negative binomial regression was used to incorporate every year of data into estimated percentage changes in CO emissions and mortality rates over time. Results During 1968-1998, CO-related mortality rates in the United States declined from 20.2 deaths to 8.8 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 57.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -62.4% to -52.6%). Following the introduction of the catalytic converter to automobiles in 1975, CO emissions from automobiles decreased by an estimated 76.3% of 1975 levels (95% Cl, -82.0% to -70.4%) and unintentional motor vehicle-related CO death rates declined from 4.0 to 0.9 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 81.3%; 95% Cl, -84.8% to -77.0%). Rates of motor vehicle-related CO suicides declined from 10.0 to 4.9 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 43.3%; 95% Cl, -57.5% to -24.3%). During 1975-1996, an annual decrease of 10 g/mile of estimated CO emissions from automobiles was associated with a 21.3% decrease (95% Cl, -24.2% to -18.4%) in the annual unintentional motor vehicle-related CO death rate and a 5.9% decrease (95% CI, -10.0% to -1.8%) in the annual rate of motor vehicle-related CO suicides. Conclusions If rates of unintentional CO-related deaths had remained at pre-1975 levels, an estimated additional 11700 motor vehicle-related CO poisoning deaths might have occurred by 1998. This decline in death rates appears to be a public health benefit associated with the enforcement of standards set by the 1970 Clean Air Act. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Olympia, WA USA. US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mott, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 29 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 8 BP 988 EP 995 DI 10.1001/jama.288.8.988 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587RM UT WOS:000177656400024 PM 12190369 ER PT J AU Bristow, MP AF Bristow, MP TI Suppression of afterpulsing in photomultipliers by gating the photocathode SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CIRCUIT; SYSTEM; LINEARITY; TUBES AB A number of gating schemes to minimize the long-term afterpulse signal in photomultipliers have been evaluated. Blocking the excitation pulse by gating the photocathode was found to reduce the gate-on afterpulse background by a factor of 230 over that for nongated operation. This afterpulse or signal-induced background (SIB), which is particularly troublesome in stratospheric lidar measurements, appears as a weak exponentially decaying signal extending into the millisecond region after the photomultiplier tube (PMT) is exposed to an intense submicrosecond optical pulse. Photocathode gating is not feasible in PMTs with semitransparent bialkali photocathodes because of their slow gate response time, but is easily implemented in PMTs with opaque bialkali or semitransparent multialkali (S-20) photocathodes that can be gated with nanosecond response. In those PMTs with semitransparent bialkali photocathodes, a gated (adjacent) focus grid (if available) also produces a significant reduction in the SIB. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Bristow, MP (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM bristow.michael@epa.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 24 BP 4975 EP 4987 DI 10.1364/AO.41.004975 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 586AT UT WOS:000177560300005 PM 12206204 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH McGill, ME AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH McGill, ME TI Toxicity of methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE) to higher plants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seodaemun Gu, Seoul 120750, South Korea. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 055-TOXI BP U370 EP U370 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201812 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Setzer, RW Potter, LK AF Barton, HA Setzer, RW Potter, LK TI Developing a predictive simulation model for antiandrogen impacts on rodent prostate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, ETD, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 046-TOXI BP U368 EP U368 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201803 ER PT J AU Crumbling, D AF Crumbling, D TI Environmental quality: Closing the decision-data loop. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Technol Innovat Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 088-ENVR BP U531 EP U531 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202704 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, AM AF Ehrlich, AM TI Perspective of a government attorney. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Finance & Operat Law Off, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 014-CHAL BP U386 EP U386 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201892 ER PT J AU Huggins, FE Panjala, D Pattanaik, S Huffman, GP Kyger, JR Robertson, JD Linak, WP Miller, CA AF Huggins, FE Panjala, D Pattanaik, S Huffman, GP Kyger, JR Robertson, JD Linak, WP Miller, CA TI Combining a leaching procedure and XAFS spectroscopy for identification of sulfur and metal species in fine particulate matter from combustion sources. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, CME, CFFS, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 107-FUEL BP U573 EP U573 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202938 ER PT J AU Magnuson, ML Speth, TF AF Magnuson, ML Speth, TF TI Improving carbon adsorption modeling of EPA candidate contaminant list compounds through the use of QSPR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 030-ENVR BP U522 EP U522 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202646 ER PT J AU Malak, SH AF Malak, SH TI Identical and substantially similar pesticide products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, OPP, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 057-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200394 ER PT J AU Mathur, SB AF Mathur, SB TI Product chemistry data requirements for registration of conventional pesticide with environmental protection agency. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Registrat Div, Tech Review Branch, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 058-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200395 ER PT J AU Parr, JL Siders, SD Jackson, K Autry, L Friedman, D Gerhart, H Kircher, C Meyers, S Wyeth, B Wagner, D AF Parr, JL Siders, SD Jackson, K Autry, L Friedman, D Gerhart, H Kircher, C Meyers, S Wyeth, B Wagner, D TI Method validation at the laboratory level. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 138-ENVR BP U539 EP U539 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202754 ER PT J AU Pruell, RJ Taplin, BK AF Pruell, RJ Taplin, BK TI Biogeochemistry of chlorinated organic contaminants in aquatic systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 002-ENVR BP U517 EP U517 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202618 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, SD TI Establishing criteria for unknown compound identification. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 092-ENVR BP U532 EP U532 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202708 ER PT J AU Ryan, DK Hays, MD AF Ryan, DK Hays, MD TI Changes in the natural fluorescence of fulvic acid caused by the binding of Al(III): Can fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancement occur simultaneously? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 010-GEOC BP U589 EP U589 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203020 ER PT J AU Shevade, S Ford, R AF Shevade, S Ford, R TI Exploring the mechanisms of metal ion removal from water using zeolites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 060-INOR BP U650 EP U650 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203301 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JA AF Shoemaker, JA TI Method development for alachlor ESA and other acetanilide herbicide degradation products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 011-ENVR BP U519 EP U519 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202627 ER PT J AU Stanescu, MA Ginosar, DM Bala, GA Anderson, RP AF Stanescu, MA Ginosar, DM Bala, GA Anderson, RP TI Biocatalytic treatment of organosulfur compounds in emulsions in supercritical fluids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 046-FUEL BP U563 EP U563 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202877 ER PT J AU Summers, K Engle, V Harvey, J Nelson, W Pesch, G Walker, W AF Summers, K Engle, V Harvey, J Nelson, W Pesch, G Walker, W TI The environmental monitoring and assessment program: National coastal assessment - Lessons learned. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 148-ENVR BP U541 EP U541 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202763 ER PT J AU Talley, JM Shoemaker, JA Fout, GS Dahling, DR AF Talley, JM Shoemaker, JA Fout, GS Dahling, DR TI Strain differentiation and determination of capsid proteins of coxsackievirus by MALDI-MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 027-ENVR BP U521 EP U521 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202643 ER PT J AU Weinberg, A AF Weinberg, A TI New watershed: TMDL rule. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Watershed Branch 4503T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 038-AGRO BP U102 EP U102 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200375 ER PT J AU Simeonsson, JB Elwood, SA Ezer, M Pacquette, HL Swart, DJ Beach, HD Thomas, DJ AF Simeonsson, JB Elwood, SA Ezer, M Pacquette, HL Swart, DJ Beach, HD Thomas, DJ TI Development of ultratrace laser spectrometry techniques for measurements of arsenic SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; ENHANCED IONIZATION SPECTROMETRY; HPLC-ICP-MS; HYDRIDE GENERATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZER; GRAPHITE-FURNACE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DRINKING-WATER AB Several techniques based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrometry and laser enhanced ionization (LEI) spectrometry have been investigated for ultratrace measurements of arsenic. Studies by our group in this area that have been published previously are reviewed here, and are presented along with the results of recent studies that have not yet been published. The techniques presented include LIF detection in the inductively coupled plasma atomizer, the electrothermal atomizer, the tungsten coil atomizer, the flame atomizer and LEI detection in the flame atomizer, and include approaches that utilize hydride generation or laser ablation sample introduction. Recent efforts have been directed towards developing speciation approaches for arsenic that utilize LIF spectrometric detection. The capabilities of each technique are summarized including the sensitivity and limits of detection, which range from sub-pg ml(-1) to ng ml(-1) levels. Selected applications of the techniques are presented to demonstrate their utility for environmental and biological samples, and areas for future investigation and further development are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Monmouth Univ, Dept Chem, Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. K Maras Sutcu Imam Univ, Dept Chem, TR-46100 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Ross Nutr, Dept 104130 RP4 3, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Simeonsson, JB (reprint author), Adv Monitoring Inc, 4711 Hope Valley Rd,PMB 101, Durham, NC 27707 USA. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 AR PII S0039-9140(02)00267-9 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00267-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 588QX UT WOS:000177713100017 PM 18968745 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Padnos, BK AF Gordon, CJ Padnos, BK TI Dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos alters core temperature in the rat SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE telemetry; core temperature; motor activity; organophosphate ID THERMOREGULATION; RESTRICTION; TOLERANCE; STABILITY; ANIMALS; MAMMALS; HUMANS; AGENTS; FEVER; FOOD AB Administration of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CHP) to the male rat at a dose of 25-80 mg/kg (p.o.) results in hypothermia followed by a delayed fever lasting for several days. These are high doses of CHP that cause marked cholinergic stimulation. It is important to understand if chronic exposure to CHP would evoke changes in thermoregulation that are comparable to the acute administration. Male rats of the Long-Evans strain were subjected to dietary treatment of 0, 1, or 5 mg/(kg day) CHP for 6 months. A limited amount of food was given per day to maintain body weight at 350 g. The constant body weight allowed for the regulation of a consistent dosage of CHP per kg body weight throughout the feeding period. Core temperature (T-a) and motor activity (MA) were monitored by radio telemetric transmitters implanted in the abdominal cavity. After 5 months of treatment, T-c and MA were monitored in undisturbed animals for 96 h. CHP at 5 mg/(kg day) led to a slight elevation in T-c without affecting MA. The rats were then administered a challenge dose of CHP (30 mg/kg, p.o.) while T-c and MA were monitored. Rats fed the 1 and 5 mg/kg CHP diets showed a significantly greater hypothermic response and reduction in MA following CHP challenge compared to controls. The restricted feeding schedule resulted in marked changes in the pattern of the circadian rhythm. Therefore, in another study, rats were treated ad libitum for 17 days with a CHP diet that resulted in a dosage of 7 mg CHP/(mg day). There was a significant increase in T-c during the daytime but not during the night throughout most of the treatment period. Overall, chronic CHP was associated with a slight but significant elevation in T-c and greater hypothermic response to a CHP challenge. This latter finding was unexpected and suggests that chronic exposure to CHP sensitizes the rat's thermoregulatory response to acute CHP exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 177 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 226 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00227-5 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00227-5 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 587AG UT WOS:000177617900010 PM 12135625 ER PT J AU Jetter, JJ Guo, ZS McBrian, JA Flynn, MR AF Jetter, JJ Guo, ZS McBrian, JA Flynn, MR TI Characterization of emissions from burning incense SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE characterization; emissions; burning incense; particulate matter ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; GASEOUS ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; RISK-FACTORS; HONG-KONG; LUNG-CANCER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; BRAIN-TUMORS AB The primary objective of this study was to improve the characterization of particulate matter emissions from burning incense. Emissions of particulate matter were measured for 23 different types of incense using a cyclone/filter method. Emission rates for PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter) ranged from 7 to 202 mg/h, and PM2.5 emission factors ranged from 5 to 56 mg/g of incense burned. Emission rates were also determined using an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) and a small electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and emission rates were compared to those determined using the cyclone/filter method. Emission rates determined by the ELPI method were consistently lower than those determined by the cyclone/filter method, and a linear regression correlation was found between emission rates determined by the two methods. Emission rates determined by the ESP method were consistently higher than those determined by the cyclone/filter method, indicating that the ESP may be a more effective method for measuring semivolatile particle emissions. A linear regression correlation was also found between emission rates determined by the ESP and cyclone/filter methods. Particle size distributions were measured with the ELPI, and distributions were found to be similar for most types of incense that were tested. Size distributions by mass typically ranged from approximately 0.06 to 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter, with peak values between 0.26 and 0.65 mum. Results indicated that burning incense emits fine particulate matter in large quantities compared to other indoor sources. An indoor air quality model showed that indoor concentrations of PM2.5 can far exceed the outdoor concentrations specified by the US EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), so incense smoke can pose a health risk to people due to inhalation exposure of particulate matter. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were also measured for seven types of incense. Emission rates of the gaseous pollutants were sufficient to cause indoor concentrations, estimated using the indoor air quality model, to exceed the outdoor concentrations specified by the NAAQS under certain conditions. However, the incense samples that were tested would fill a room with thick smoke under these conditions. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Arcadis G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jetter, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 39 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 67 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00043-8 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00043-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583FB UT WOS:000177395000004 PM 12186292 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG MacDonald, DD Brumbaugh, WG Johnson, BT Kemble, NE Kunz, JL May, TW Wang, N Smith, JR Sparks, DW Ireland, DS AF Ingersoll, CG MacDonald, DD Brumbaugh, WG Johnson, BT Kemble, NE Kunz, JL May, TW Wang, N Smith, JR Sparks, DW Ireland, DS TI Toxicity assessment of Sediments from the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal in northwestern Indiana, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; QUALITY GUIDELINES; PORE WATERS; TESTS; ECOSYSTEMS; EXPOSURE; AMMONIA; METALS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of sediments from the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal located in northwestern Indiana, USA. Toxicity tests used in this assessment included 10-day sediment exposures with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, 31-day sediment exposures with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, and the Microtox(R) Solid-Phase Sediment Toxicity Test. A total of 30 sampling stations were selected in locations that had limited historic matching toxicity and chemistry data. Toxic effects on amphipod survival were observed in 60% of the samples from the assessment area. Results of a toxicity test with oligochaetes indicated that sediments from the assessment area were too toxic to be used in proposed bioaccumulation testing. Measurement of amphipod length after the 10-day exposures did not provide useful information beyond that provided by the survival endpoint. Seven of the 15 samples that were identified as toxic in the amphipod tests were not identified as toxic in the Microtox test, indicating that the 10-day H. azteca test was more sensitive than the Microtox test. Samples that were toxic tended to have the highest concentrations of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The toxic samples often had an excess of simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) relative to acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and had multiple exceedances of probable effect concentrations (PECs). Metals may have contributed to the toxicity of samples that had both an excess molar concentration of SEM relative to AVS and elevated concentrations of metals in pore water. However, of the samples that, had an excess of SEM relative to AVS, only 38% of these samples had elevated concentration of metals in pore water. The lack of correspondence between SEM-AVS and pore water metals indicates that there are variables in addition to AVS controlling the concentrations of metals in pore water. A mean PEC quotient of 3.4 (based on concentrations of metals, PAHs, and PCBs) was exceeded in 33% of the sediment samples and a mean quotient of 0.63 was exceeded in 70% of the thirty sediment samples from the assessment area. A 50% incidence of toxicity has been previously reported in a database for sediment tests with H. azteca at a mean quotient of 3.4 in 10-day exposures and at a mean quotient of 0.63 in 28-day exposures. Among the Indiana Harbor samples, most of the samples with a mean PEC quotient above 0.63 (i.e., 15 of 21; 71%) and above 3.4 (i.e., 10 of 10; 100%) were toxic to amphipods. Results of this study and previous studies demonstrate that sediments from this assessment area are among the most contaminated and toxic that have ever been reported. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. Indiana Dept Environm Management, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V6T 1W6, Canada. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s00244-001-0051-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 575AR UT WOS:000176923800004 PM 12115041 ER PT J AU Geron, C Guenther, A Greenberg, J Loescher, HW Clark, D Baker, B AF Geron, C Guenther, A Greenberg, J Loescher, HW Clark, D Baker, B TI Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE isoprene; biogenic volatile organic compounds; relaxed eddy accumulation; Pentaclethra macroloba; Palmae; La Selva Biological Station ID ISOPRENE EMISSION; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; DRY FOREST; CANOPY; MODEL; FLUXES; ACETONE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Twenty common plant species were screened for emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) at a lowland tropical wet forest site in Costa Rica. Ten of the species examined emitted substantial quantities of isoprene. These species accounted for 35-50% of the total basal area of old-growth forest on the major edaphic site types, indicating that a high proportion of the canopy leaf area is a source of isoprene. A limited number of canopy-level BVOC flux measurements were also collected by relaxed eddy accumulation (REA). These measurements verify that the forest canopy in this region is indeed a significant source of isoprene. In addition, REA fluxes of methanol and especially acetone were also significant, exceeding model estimates and warranting future investigation at this site. Leaf monoterpene emissions were non-detectable or very low from the species surveyed, and ambient concentrations and REA fluxes likewise were very low. Although the isoprene emission rates reported here are largely consistent with phylogenetic relations found in other studies (at the family, genus, and species levels), two species in the family Mimosaceae, a group previously found to consist largely of non-isoprene emitters, emitted significant quantities of isoprene. One of these, Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze, is by far the most abundant canopy tree species in the forests of this area, composing 30-40% of the total basal area. The other, Zygia longifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) Britton & Rose is a common riparian species. Our results suggest that the source strength of BVOCs is important not only to tropical atmospheric chemistry, but also may be important in determining net ecosystem carbon exchange. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Geron, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 3793 EP 3802 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00301-1 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00301-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 599EV UT WOS:000178321900007 ER PT J AU Ryaboshapko, A Bullock, R Ebinghaus, R Ilyin, I Lohman, K Munthe, J Petersen, G Seigneur, C Wangberg, I AF Ryaboshapko, A Bullock, R Ebinghaus, R Ilyin, I Lohman, K Munthe, J Petersen, G Seigneur, C Wangberg, I TI Comparison of mercury chemistry models SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury species; numerical models; intercomparison; cloud environment; red-ox system ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ATOMIC MERCURY; OXIDATION; SOLUBILITY; DEPOSITION; SIMULATION; REDUCTION; FRAMEWORK AB Five mercury (Hg) chemistry models are compared using the same data set for model initialisation. All five models include gas-phase oxidation of Hg(0) to Hg(II) (except for one model), fast reduction-oxidation aqueous reactions between Hg(0) and Hg(II), and adsorption of Hg(II) species to soot particles within droplets. However, the models differ in their detailed treatments of these processes. Consequently, the 48-h simulations reveal similarities but also significant discrepancies among the models. For the simulation that included all Hg species (i.e., Hg(0), Hg(II) and Hg(p)) as well as soot in the initial conditions, the maximum simulated Hg(II) aqueous concentrations ranged from 55 to 148 ng l(-1) whereas the minimum concentrations ranged from 20 to 110 ng l(-1). These results suggest that further experimental work is critically needed to reduce the current uncertainties in the formulation of Hg chemistry models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr E, Moscow 117292, Russia. US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Atmospher & Environm Res, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. Swedish Environm Res Inst, IVL, S-40258 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Ryaboshapko, A (reprint author), Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr E, Kedrova Str 8-1, Moscow 117292, Russia. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 39 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 24 BP 3881 EP 3898 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00351-5 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00351-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 599VL UT WOS:000178355800002 ER PT J AU Brown, S Chaney, RL Sprenger, M Compton, H AF Brown, S Chaney, RL Sprenger, M Compton, H TI Assessing impact to wildlife at biosolids remediated sites SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; SMALL MAMMALS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; JAPANESE-QUAIL; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FLUORSPAR TAILINGS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EISENIA-ANDREI; SOREX-ARANEUS; CADMIUM C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 50 EP + PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 588RH UT WOS:000177714100032 ER PT J AU Gammon, MD Neugut, AI Santella, RM Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Terry, MB Eng, SM Wolff, MS Stellman, SD Kabat, GC Levin, B Bradlow, HL Hatch, M Beyea, J Camann, D Trent, M Senie, RT Garbowski, GC Maffeo, C Montalvan, P Berkowitz, GS Kemeny, M Citron, M Schnabel, F Schuss, A Hajdu, S Vincguerra, V Collman, GW Obrams, GI AF Gammon, MD Neugut, AI Santella, RM Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Terry, MB Eng, SM Wolff, MS Stellman, SD Kabat, GC Levin, B Bradlow, HL Hatch, M Beyea, J Camann, D Trent, M Senie, RT Garbowski, GC Maffeo, C Montalvan, P Berkowitz, GS Kemeny, M Citron, M Schnabel, F Schuss, A Hajdu, S Vincguerra, V Collman, GW Obrams, GI TI The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project: description of a multi-institutional collaboration to identify environmental risk factors for breast cancer SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; environment; case-control study; DDT; epidemiologic methods; hormones; Long Island; organochlorines; PAH; PCBs ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; WOMEN; DIET; HYPOTHESIS AB The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project is a federally mandated, population-based case-control study to determine whether breast cancer risk among women in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk, NY, is associated with selected environmental exposures, assessed by blood samples, self-reports, and environmental home samples. This report describes the collaborative project's background, rationale, methods, participation rates, and distributions of known risk factors for breast cancer by case-control status, by blood donation, and by availability of environmental home samples. Interview response rates among eligible cases and controls were 82.1% (n, = 1,508) and 62.8% (n = 1,556), respectively. Among case and control respondents who completed the interviewer-administered questionnaire, 98.2 and 97.6% self-completed the food frequency questionnaire; 73.0 and 73.3% donated a blood sample; and 93.0 and 83.3% donated a urine sample. Among a random sample of case and control respondents who are long-term residents, samples of dust (83.6 and 83.0%); soil (93.5 and 89.7%); and water (94.3 and 93.9%) were collected. Established risk factors for breast cancer that were found to increase risk among Long Island women include lower parity, late age at first birth, little or no breast feeding, and family history of breast cancer. Factors that were found to be associated with a decreased likelihood that a respondent would donate blood include increasing age and past smoking; factors associated with an increased probability include white or other race, alcohol use, ever breastfed, ever use of hormone replacement therapy, ever use of oral contraceptives, and ever had a mammogram. Long-term residents (defined as 15+ years in the interview home) with environmental home samples did not differ from other long-term residents, although there were a number of differences in risk factor distributions between long-term residents and other participants, as anticipated. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. Amer Hlth Fdn, New York, NY 10017 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Cornell Med Ctr, Strang Res Lab, New York, NY USA. Consulting Publ Interest, Lambertville, NJ USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Hauppauge, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Sociomed Sci, New York, NY USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Surg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Med, Queens, NY USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. S Nassau Communities Hosp, Dept Surg, Oceanside, NY USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Don Monti Div Oncol, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gammon, MD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7400,Mc Gavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Beyea, Jan/0000-0002-0547-880X; Bradlow, H Leon/0000-0002-2397-3679 FU NCI NIH HHS [UO1CA/ES66572] NR 51 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 235 EP 254 DI 10.1023/A:1016387020854 PG 20 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 573CE UT WOS:000176811100004 PM 12206514 ER PT J AU Calkin, DE Montgomery, CA Schumaker, NH Polasky, S Arthur, JL Nalle, DJ AF Calkin, DE Montgomery, CA Schumaker, NH Polasky, S Arthur, JL Nalle, DJ TI Developing a production possibility set of wildlife species persistence and timber harvest value SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; TABU SEARCH; WESTERN OREGON; CONSERVATION; OPTIMIZATION; COST; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; GOALS; COMPATIBILITY AB An integrated model, combining spatial wildlife population and timber harvest and growth models, was developed to explore tradeoffs between the likelihood of persistence of a wildlife species, the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), and timber production on a landscape on the west side of the Oregon Cascade Range. A simplified wildlife model was developed from the fully parameterized spatial wildlife model, using a habitat neighborhood-weighting scheme, for use in the optimization. Simulated annealing, a heuristic optimization technique, was used to solve for harvest schedules that maximized the net present value of timber harvest subject to a target value for likelihood of species persistence over a 100-year planning period. By solving this problem for a range of species persistence targets, a production possibility frontier was developed that showed tradeoffs between timber harvest value and likelihood of species persistence on this landscape. Although the results are specific to the wildlife species and the landscape analyzed, the approach is general and provides a structure for future models that will help land managers and forest planners to understand tradeoffs among competing resource uses. C1 Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Calkin, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 58 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1342 DI 10.1139/X02-056 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592QW UT WOS:000177949200003 ER PT J AU Mao, D Edwards, JR Kuznetsov, AV Srivastava, R AF Mao, D Edwards, JR Kuznetsov, AV Srivastava, R TI Particle flow, mixing, and chemical reaction in circulating fluidized bed absorbers SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE circulating fluidized bed; residence time distribution; SO2 removal ID SOLID/DISPERSED PHASE PARTICLES; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; GAS-SOLID REACTIONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SULFUR CAPTURE; SIZE MODEL; SIMULATION; CFB; LIMESTONE; HYDRODYNAMICS AB A mixing model has been developed to simulate the particle residence time distribution (RTD) in a circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA). Also, a gas/solid reaction model for sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal by lime has been developed. For the reaction model that considers RTD distribution inside the core and annulus regions of a CFBA, a macrochemical reaction can be simulated based on microchemical reaction dynamics. The presented model can predict SO2 and lime concentration distributions inside the CFBA, and give the amount of lime needed to remove a given percentage Of SO2. It is found that SO2 concentration decreases with the increase of CFBA distance from the bottom in the core region. However, lime concentration exhibits a very slight variation in the core region. This means that lime is efficiently utilized to remove SO2. The model also predicts that SO2 partial pressure at the exit of the CFBA decreases with the increase in the percentage of fresh lime injected in the CFBA. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kuznetsov, AV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 15 BP 3107 EP 3117 AR PII S0009-2509(02)00168-9 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00168-9 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 591FX UT WOS:000177870000021 ER PT J AU Brown, KW Little, SB Rabinowitz, JR AF Brown, KW Little, SB Rabinowitz, JR TI Benzo[a]pyrene and benz[c]phenanthrene: The effect of structure on the binding of water molecules to the diol epoxides SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DNA-ADDUCTS; REGION; BENZOPHENANTHRENE; INTERCALATION; REACTIVITIES; SITES AB The interactions with water of the diol epoxides (DEs) of both a planar and a nonplanar PAH have been examined using molecular dynamics. To determine probable water locations around the DE for later use in the study of DE protonation, molecular dynamics simulations using the OPLS force field were carried out on diol epoxides surrounded by a 22 A box of explicit water molecules. Results for 30 ps simulations indicate that 10-60% of the time, depending strongly on the conformation and type of the DE, there is a water molecule forming a hydrogen bond with the epoxide oxygen. The patterns seen in the frequency at which a DE binds a water molecule reflect patterns seen in the relationship between the type of PAH DE and amount of DNA adduct formation. Examination of the orientations and arrangements of the water and DEs during the simulations showed that the bound waters existed in several preferred configurations which are also dependent upon the PAH DE geometry. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ECD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Brown, KW (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, ECD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1079 DI 10.1021/tx020009+ PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 587PZ UT WOS:000177652200009 PM 12184791 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET AF Urbansky, ET TI Fate of fluorosilicate drinking water additives SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SILICON-COMPOUNDS; FLUORIDE; PENTACOORDINATE; EQUILIBRIA; CHEMISTRY; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; ANION C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Urbansky, ET (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 137 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 102 IS 8 BP 2837 EP 2853 AR UNSP CR020403C DI 10.1021/cr020403c PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 585WZ UT WOS:000177548700009 PM 12175269 ER PT J AU Monetti, C Vigetti, D Gornati, R Prati, M Klinefelter, GR Bernardini, G AF Monetti, C Vigetti, D Gornati, R Prati, M Klinefelter, GR Bernardini, G TI Identification and molecular cloning of Xenopus laevis SP22, a protein associated with fertilization in mammals SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproduction; sperm protein; DJ-1; CAP-1; SP22; RS; Xenopus; anuran; rat; fertilization ID EXPRESSION; DJ-1 AB SP22 is a novel sperm protein that has been shown to be highly correlated with fertility in rats. SP22 homologues have been studied in mouse and man but a definitive role for the protein has not yet been established. Using a polyclonal IgG to recombinant rat SP22, we detected the presence of this protein in Xenopus laevis tissues. Moreover, a Xenopus EST was found that shares a high degree of similarity with rat SP22 and the derived sequence codes for an 189 aa protein that is very similar to rat SP22. Finally, using Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses, we investigated the expression of Xenopus SP22 both in adult tissues and during embyronic development. SP22 protein expression predominated in the adult testis, and both mRNA and protein levels diminished subsequent to the initial day following fertilization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Biol Strutturale & Funzion, I-21100 Varese, Italy. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bernardini, G (reprint author), Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Biol Strutturale & Funzion, Via JH Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy. RI Vigetti, Davide/C-9861-2010 OI Vigetti, Davide/0000-0002-6339-8453 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 4 BP 761 EP 767 AR PII S1096-4959(02)00098-2 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00098-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 585JR UT WOS:000177522100008 PM 12128062 ER PT J AU Wang, HB Chanas, B Ghanayem, BI AF Wang, HB Chanas, B Ghanayem, BI TI Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is essential for acrylonitrile metabolism to cyanide: Comparative studies using CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; RATS; GLUTATHIONE; TOXICITY; CYSTEINE; MORTALITY; INVITRO; WORKERS; BINDING AB Acrylonitrile (AN) is a rodent carcinogen and suspected human carcinogen. Metabolism of AN proceeds via conjugation with glutathione or epoxidation via cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) to cyanoethylene oxide (CEO). It was hypothesized that CEO metabolism via epoxide hydrolase (EH) is the primary pathway for cyanide formation. The objective of this work is to assess the enzymatic basis of metabolism to cyanide. Male wild-type and CYP2E1-null mice received 0, 2.5, 10, 20, or 40 mg of AN/kg by gavage, and cyanide was measured in blood and tissues. CYP2E1 and EH expression were assessed using Western blot analyses. Present results demonstrated that cyanide concentrations in blood and tissues of AN-treated wild-type mice were higher at 1 versus 3 h, increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were significantly higher in AN-treated versus vehicle-treated mice. In contrast, cyanide concentrations in the blood and tissues of AN-treated CYP2E1-null mice were not statistically different from those of vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, this work showed that EH is expressed in CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice. In conclusion, under the current experimental conditions using CYP2E1-null mice, current work demonstrated for the first time that CYP2E1-mediated oxidation is a prerequisite for AN metabolism to cyanide. Since earlier studies showed that CYP2E1 is the only enzyme responsible for AN epoxidation, it is concluded that AN metabolism to CEO is a prerequisite for cyanide formation, and this pathway is exclusively catalyzed by CYP2E1. Finally, this work confirmed that cyanide plays an essential role in the causation of the acute toxicity/mortality of AN. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, NIH, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ghanayem, BI (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, NIH, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1124/dmd.30.8.911 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 574GB UT WOS:000176879400008 PM 12124309 ER PT J AU Xiong, H Yoshinari, K Brouwer, KLR Negishi, M AF Xiong, H Yoshinari, K Brouwer, KLR Negishi, M TI Role of constitutive androstane receptor in the in vivo induction of Mrp3 and CYP2B1/2 by phenobarbital SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Pharmaceutical-Scientists CY OCT 21-25, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Assoc Pharmaceut Scientists ID RESPONSIVE ENHANCER MODULE; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; FA/FA ZUCKER RAT; ACETAMINOPHEN GLUCURONIDE; 5'-FLANKING REGION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-3 MRP3; CAR; LIVER AB Phenobarbital (PB) induces the hepatic organic anion transporter, Mrp3. The present study tested the hypothesis that Mrp3 induction by PB is mediated by the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). PB induction of Mrp3 and CYP2B was examined in lean and obese Zucker rats, male and female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, HepG2 and mouse CAR-expressing HepG2 (g2car-3) cells; HepG2 and g2car-3 cells also were treated with 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP). In obese Zucker rat livers, total and nuclear CAR levels were markedly lower compared with lean rat livers, which correlated with the poor induction of CYP2B1/2 by PB in obese Zucker rats. Mrp3 induction by PB also was impaired in obese Zucker rat livers. Induction of Mrp3 by PB was similar in male and female WKY rat livers, despite the fact that CAR protein levels were significantly lower in female relative to male WKY rat livers. MRP3 levels in both HepG2 and g2car-3 cells were induced to a similar extent in the two cell lines by PB but not by TCPOBOP. In contrast, CYP2B6 levels were measurable and induced by TCPOBOP only in g2car-3 cells. In conclusion, data from WKY rats and HepG2 cells suggest that CAR does not play a key role in PB induction of Mrp3. Impaired induction of Mrp3 by PB in obese Zucker rats is not due solely to CAR deficiency. Interestingly, differences in the constitutive levels of Mrp3 were observed between obese and lean Zucker rats and between male and female WKY rats. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Brouwer, KLR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Sch Pharm, CB 7360,Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM041935, GM41935] NR 40 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 918 EP 923 DI 10.1124/dmd.30.8.918 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 574GB UT WOS:000176879400009 PM 12124310 ER PT J AU Cardoch, L Day, JW Ibanez, C AF Cardoch, L Day, JW Ibanez, C TI Net primary productivity as an indicator of sustainability in the Ebro and Mississippi deltas SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE delta management; human appropriation of net primary productivity; natural system energies; NPP; pulsing cycles; river diversions; subsidies; sustainability indicators; wastewater treatment ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; LAND LOSS; HUMAN APPROPRIATION; HABITAT CHANGE; RIVER DELTA; LOUISIANA; ECOSYSTEMS; WETLANDS AB This paper focuses on the use of net primary productivity (NPP) as a measure of sustainable management in the Mississippi and Ebro deltas. Temporal changes in NPP were quantified for these two deltas based on the aerial coverage of different habitat types, Human appropriation of net primary productivity (HANPP) Was used as a measure of direct human use of deltaic productivity. In both deltas, NPP has declined since 1900 due to a high level of HANPP in the Ebro and wetland loss in the Mississippi. In the Mississippi, NPP declined from 2500 g.m(-2).yr(-1) in 1900 to 2000 g.m 2-yr(-1) in 1990, with a decline to 1750 g.m(-2)-yr(-1) predicted by 2050. In the Ebro, total system NPP has increased from 700 to 1000 g.m(-2).yr(-1) due to subsidized agricultural production, mostly of rice. High HANPP of 35% reduces remaining NPP to 600 g.m (2).yr(-1). The natural energies and anthropogenic subsidies that maintain natural and human-modified deltaic ecosystems are analyzed, Elimination or reduction of important pulsing cycles has,, led to environmental deterioration and higher economic costs and necessitates high levels of Subsidies,, Incorporating natural energies is the best way to manage deltas sustainably, The use of wetlands for wastewater treatment and river diversions are presented as examples. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Ecol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Cardoch, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD-305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Ibanez, Carles/D-2777-2009 OI Ibanez, Carles/0000-0002-7091-5527 NR 81 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1055 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1044:NPPAAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583AX UT WOS:000177384300008 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, EE AF Jorgensen, Eric E. TI Small mammals: consequences of stochastic data variation for modeling indicators of habitat suitability for a well-studied resource SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Small mammal; Habitat; Predictive modeling; Variability AB Increasingly, models of physical habitat variables (i.e. vegetation, soil) are utilized as indicators of small mammal habitat suitability or quality. Presumably, use of physical habitat models indicating habitat suitability or quality would be improved and enhanced by the extensive amount of research that has been conducted for these species. However, current knowledge of small mammal habitat associations is based mostly upon site specific empirical observation, not the quantitative data that are the foundation of habitat modeling. Small mammal data are affected by technique-related capture variability. Existing data do not demonstrate that fine spatial and temporal variability associated with technique substantially affects habitat models. Small mammal abundance also exhibits ecologically important high spatial and temporal variability. Microhabitat spatial variability is a poor predictor of trap use compared to larger spatial scale phenomena in mesic and xeric biomes. Habitat suitability has been modeled with accuracy ranging between 80 and 93% for 14 species. This accuracy is achieved by filtering out stochastic temporal variability that was not related to physical habitat indicators. Inclusion of stochastic temporal variability degrades model performance, especially in ecosystems where predictive vegetation and substrate variables are essentially constant. Development of indicator mathematical models can be facilitated when a species' ecology is carefully considered and where mathematics and biology are equally incorporated when conceiving and developing indicators. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Jorgensen, EE (reprint author), US EPA, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM jorgensen.eric@epa.gov FU US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories; Directorate of Environment, Fort Bliss; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX The data used in this manuscript were collected with funding provided by and through the US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, The Directorate of Environment, Fort Bliss, and The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. I acknowledge the contributions of S. Demarais, S.M. Sell, S.P. Lerich, M. Vogel, S. Rockafellow, H. Wilson, K. Weis, E. Bartz, P. Blanton, T. Monasmith, S. Neff, K. Hallman, V. Vicenti, and M. Hensley. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 313 EP 321 AR PII S1470-160X(02)00027-4 DI 10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00027-4 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V36FE UT WOS:000209197700007 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Brookhart, MA Rice, G Brown, M Colford, JM AF Eisenberg, JNS Brookhart, MA Rice, G Brown, M Colford, JM TI Disease transmission models for public health decision making: Analysis of epidemic and endemic conditions caused by waterborne pathogens SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; epidemic; Giardia; infectious disease; mathematical models; waterborne pathogens ID DRINKING-WATER; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; MASSIVE OUTBREAK; RISK; MILWAUKEE; ILLNESS AB Developing effective policy for environmental health issues requires integrating large collections of information that are diverse, highly variable, and uncertain. Despite these uncertainties in the science, decisions must be made. These decisions often have been based on risk assessment. We argue that two important features of risk assessment are to identify research needs and to provide information for decision making. One type of information that a model can provide is the sensitivity of making one decision over another on factors that drive public health risk. To achieve this goal, a risk assessment framework must be based on a description of the exposure and disease processes. Regarding exposure to waterborne pathogens, the appropriate framework is one that explicitly models the disease transmission pathways of pathogens. This approach provides a crucial link between science and policy. Two studies-a Giardia risk assessment case study and an analysis of the 1993 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Cryptosporidium outbreak-illustrate the role that models can play in policy making. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 IS 8 BP 783 EP 790 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 583FK UT WOS:000177395900032 PM 12153759 ER PT J AU Cole, CA Brooks, RP Shaffer, PW Kentula, ME AF Cole, CA Brooks, RP Shaffer, PW Kentula, ME TI Comparison of hydrology of wetlands in Pennsylvania and Oregon (USA) as an indicator of transferability of hydrogeomorphic (HGM) functional models between regions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HGM; hydrogeomorphology; hydrology; Oregon; Pennsylvania; wetlands ID WATER WETLANDS; CLASSIFICATION; MITIGATION AB The hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach to wetland classification and functional assessment is becoming more widespread in the United States but its use has been limited by the length of time needed to develop appropriate data sets and functional assessment models. One particularly difficult aspect is the transferability among geographic regions of specific models used to assess wetland function. Sharing of models could considerably shorten development and implementation of HGM throughout the United States and elsewhere. As hydrology is the driving force behind wetland functions, we assessed the comparability of hydrologic characteristics of three HGM subclasses (slope, headwater floodplain, mainstem floodplain) using comparable long-term hydrologic data sets from different regions of the United States (Ridge and Valley Province in Pennsylvania and the Willamette Valley in Oregon). If hydrology by HGM subclass were similar between different geographic regions, it might be possible to more readily transfer extant models between those regions. We found that slope wetlands (typically groundwater-driven) had similar hydrologic characteristics, even though absolute details (such as depth of water) differed. We did not find the floodplain subclasses to be comparable, likely due to effects of urbanization in Oregon, regional differences in soils and, perhaps, climate. Slight differences in hydrology can shift wetland functions from those mediated by aerobic processes to those dominated by anaerobic processes. Functions such as nutrient cycling can be noticeably altered as a result. Our data suggest considerable caution in the application of models outside of the region for which they were developed. C1 Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, Forest Resources Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Dynamac Corp Environm Serv, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Cole, CA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Watershed Stewardship, 227 E Calder Way, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s00267-001-0055-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573KV UT WOS:000176829600009 PM 12105766 ER PT J AU Bryce, SA Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR AF Bryce, SA Hughes, RM Kaufmann, PR TI Development of a bird integrity index: Using bird assemblages as indicators of riparian condition SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic monitoring; riparian ecosystem condition; stream assessment; index of biotic integrity; bioassessment; riparian birds; disturbance ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; GUILDS; AREA AB We describe the development of a bird integrity index (BII) that uses bird assemblage information to assess human impacts on 13 stream reaches in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We used bird survey data to test 62 candidate metrics representing aspects of bird taxonomic richness, tolerance or intolerance to human disturbance, dietary preferences, foraging techniques, and nesting strategies that were affected positively or negatively by human activities. We evaluated the metric responsiveness by plotting each one against a measure of site disturbance that included aspects of land use/land cover, road density, riparian cover, and stream channel and substrate conditions. In addition, we eliminated imprecise and highly correlated (redundant) metrics, leaving 13 metrics for the final index, Individual metric scores ranged continuously from 0 to 10, and index scores were weighted to range from 0 to 100. Scores were calibrated using historical species information to set expectations for the number of species expected under minimally disturbed conditions. Site scores varied from 82 for the least disturbed stream reach to 8.5 for an urban site. We compared the bird integrity index site scores with the performance of other measures of biotic response developed during this study: a fish index of biointegrity (1131) and two benthic macro invertebrate metrics, The three assemblages agreed on the general level of disturbance; however, individual sites scored differently depending on specific indicator response to in-stream or riparian conditions, The bird integrity index appears to be a useful management and monitoring tool for assessing riparian integrity and communicating the results to the public. Used together with aquatic indicator response and watershed data, bird assemblage information contributes to a more complete picture of stream condition. C1 Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bryce, SA (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 50 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 294 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2702-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573KV UT WOS:000176829600011 PM 12105768 ER PT J AU Blocksom, KA Kurtenbach, JP Klemm, DJ Fulk, FA Cormier, SM AF Blocksom, KA Kurtenbach, JP Klemm, DJ Fulk, FA Cormier, SM TI Development and evaluation of the Lake Macroinvertebrate Integrity Index (LMII) for New Jersey lakes and reservoirs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE biotic integrity; lakes; macroinvertebrates; multimetric index; New Jersey ID BIOTIC INDEX; CRITERIA; SELENIUM AB In response to the recent focus by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on bioassessment of lakes, a multimetric index was developed for New Jersey lakes and reservoirs using benthic macroinvertebrates. Benthic samples were collected from reference and impaired lakes with muck and intermediate sediments in central and northern New Jersey during summer 1997. We used a stepwise process to evaluate properties of candidate metrics and selected five for the Lake Macroinvertebrate Integrity Index (LMII): Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), percent chironomid individuals, percent collector-gatherer taxa, percent oligochaetes/leeches, and number of Diptera taxa. We scored metrics as the fraction of the best expected value (based on all sites) achieved at a site and summed them into the LMII. Evaluation of the LMII showed that it discriminated well between reference and impaired lakes and was strongly related to several potential stressors. Chemical and physical gradients distinguished between reference and impaired lakes, and the LMII summarized these gradients well. The LMII corresponded strongly with land use, but some lakes with more urban land use still achieved high scores. Based on a power analysis, the ability of the LMII to detect differences in condition was sensitive to the number of samples from each lake. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Blocksom, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 77 IS 3 BP 311 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1016096925401 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566EH UT WOS:000176413700006 PM 12194418 ER PT J AU Chen, PH Richardson, SD Krasner, SW Majetich, G Glish, GL AF Chen, PH Richardson, SD Krasner, SW Majetich, G Glish, GL TI Hydrogen abstraction and decomposition of bromopicrin and other trihalogenated disinfection byproducts by GC/MS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; IONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISM; REDUCTION AB Tribromonitromethane (bromopicrin), dibromochloronitromethane, bromodichloronitromethane, and trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) have been identified as drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). They are thermally unstable and decompose under commonly used injection port temperatures (200-250 degreesC) during gas chromatography (GC) or GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The major decomposition products are haloforms (such as bromoform), which result from the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the solvent by thermally generated trihalomethyl radicals. A number of other products formed by radical reactions with the solvent and other radicals were also detected. The trihalonitromethanes also decompose in the hot GC/MS transfer line, and the mass spectra obtained are mixed spectra of the undecomposed parent compound and decomposition products. This can complicate the identification of these compounds by GC/MS. Trihalomethyl compounds that do not have a nitro group, such as tribromoacetonitrile, carbon tetrabromide, methyl tribromoacetate, and tribromoacetaldehyde, do not decompose or only slightly decompose in the GC injection port and GC/MS transfer line. The brominated trihalomethyl compounds studied also showed H/Br exchange by some of their fragment ions. This H/Br exchange also makes the identification of these compounds in drinking water more difficult. The extent of H/Br exchange was found to depend on the mass spectrometer ion source temperature, and it is proposed that the internal surface of the ion source is involved in this process. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Metrpolitan Water dist So Calif, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3362 EP 3371 DI 10.1021/es0205582 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 580PH UT WOS:000177242600044 PM 12188366 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH McGill, ME AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH McGill, ME TI Toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to plants (Avena sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Lactuca sativa) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methyl tert-butyl ether; toxicity; germination; plant; endpoint; soil ID UNITED-STATES; MTBE; GROUNDWATER; ALGAE AB Influence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on the germination of seeds and growth of seedling plants were studied in laboratory experiments. Test plants were wild oats (Avena sativa), sweet corn (Zea mays). wheat (Triticum aestivum), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth of plants exposed to different concentrations of MTBE in a moist soil were examined. Seed germination and seedling growth in MTBE-contaminated soil were markedly reduced in all test plants. The median lethal concentration values for seed germination tests and the median effective concentration values for shoot or root growth were calculated. The values for lettuce. wild oats, wheat, and sweet corn were in the range of IS to 9 1, 362 to 459, 432 to 751. and 672 to 964 mg MTBE/kg soil as dry weight, respectively. Lettuce was most sensitive to MTBE, followed (in order of decreasing sensitivity) by wild oats, wheat, and sweet corn. Because MTBE can be readily absorbed by plants due to its high solubility in water, plant growth was a more sensitive endpoint than seed germination. Shoot length was more reduced in MTBE-contaminated soil than was the root length, which indicated that MTBE might be transported within the plant from the roots to the shoots. C1 Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seodaemun Gu, 11-1 Daehyun Dong, Seoul 120750, South Korea. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1679 EP 1682 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 573GM UT WOS:000176821000020 PM 12152769 ER PT J AU Nocerino, J Singh, AK Spiegelman, C AF Nocerino, J Singh, AK Spiegelman, C TI Special issue - Fourth International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Math Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, Lab Stat Sci Chem & Environm Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Nocerino, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 409 EP 410 DI 10.1002/env.591 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 600BP UT WOS:000178371000001 ER PT J AU Ranasinghe, JA Frithsen, JB Kutz, FW Paul, JF Russell, DE Batiuk, RA Hyland, JL Scott, J Dauer, DM AF Ranasinghe, JA Frithsen, JB Kutz, FW Paul, JF Russell, DE Batiuk, RA Hyland, JL Scott, J Dauer, DM TI Application of two indices of benthic community condition in Chesapeake Bay SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics CY SEP 08-20, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE estuarine benthic invertebrates; multi-habitat biological assessment; benthic index; index of biological integrity; Chesapeake Bay ID OF-MEXICO ESTUARIES; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; POLLUTION; MARINE; INDEX; SEDIMENTS; INTEGRITY; GRADIENT AB The Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) and the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program's Virginian Province Benthic Index (EMAP-VP BI) were applied to 294 sampling events in Chesapeake Bay and the results were compared. These estuarine benthic indices are intended to identify benthic invertebrate assemblages that have been degraded by low dissolved oxygen concentrations or high concentrations of chemical contaminants. The B-IBI includes several community measures and weights them equally using a simple scoring system that compares them against values expected for undegraded sites. It includes I I measures of species diversity, productivity, indicator species and trophic composition. The EMAP-VP BI uses discriminant function coefficients to weight contributions of species diversity and the abundances of two indicator families. The two indices agreed on degraded or undegraded classifications for benthos at 81.3% of the sites. This level of agreement is within the level of accuracy achieved during index development and, therefore, may approach the limits that can be achieved. The indices were strongly associated (Pearson's r=0.75). The B-IBI was more conservative than the EMAP-VP BI, classifying 72.7% of the disagreements as degraded. The 55 sites where the indices disagreed were distributed in different habitats throughout the Bay except polyhaline sand. Many of the classification disagreements were at sites with index values close to, but on opposite sides of, the degraded-undegraded thresholds, with 49.1 % of the B-IBI values within 0.5 units and 81.8% within 1.0 units; the corresponding values for sites where both indices agreed were only 23.4% and 62.7%, respectively. The pattern for the EMAP-VP BI was similar, with 61.8% and 74.6% of disagreements and only 18.8% and 38.9% of agreements within 0.5 and 1.0 units of the threshold. Although the close agreement suggests that either index is suitable for evaluating the benthic condition, the B-IBI offers some additional advantages. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev 8601, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Ranasinghe, JA (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 7171 Fenwick Lane, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. RI Ranasinghe, Ananda/D-6130-2011 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 499 EP 511 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 600BP UT WOS:000178371000009 ER PT J AU Wymer, LJ Dufour, AP AF Wymer, LJ Dufour, AP TI A model for estimating the incidence of swimming-related gastrointestinal illness as a function of water quality indicators SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics CY SEP 08-20, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA ID RECREATIONAL WATERS; MARINE; GASTROENTERITIS; POLLUTION; CRITERIA; BEACHES AB Several studies have demonstrated association between illnesses, in particular gastrointestinal illness (GI), in swimmers and sewage pollution as measured by the density of indicator organisms, such as E. coli and enterococci, in recreational waters. These studies generally classify illnesses into two categories according to the subjectivity of the reported symptoms and utilize separate analyses on the incidence of total illness and the incidence of objective symptoms of gastroenteritis. Generally, non-swimmer illness rates are available from these studies as an indicator of the background illness rates, but are not always utilized in the model. Data from two prospective epidemiological studies conducted by the U.S. EPA and evidencing relationships between the incidence of swimming-associated GI and enterococcus or E. coli density in marine and fresh water, respectively, are used as examples. Initially, analysis of these data consisted of the linear regression of log(10) enterococcus density on the difference in illness rates between swimmers and non-swimmers. Subsequent published analysis of the marine study utilized logistic regression, but did not take background illness rates into account. Both analyses produced separate models for rates of 'highly credible' and total GI symptoms. The present analysis demonstrates the advantages of including the background rates and how such rates may be incorporated in a logistic regression. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wymer, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1002/env.535 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 600BP UT WOS:000178371000020 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Onuf, CP Eldridge, PM Cifuentes, LA AF Kaldy, JE Onuf, CP Eldridge, PM Cifuentes, LA TI Carbon budget for a subtropical seagrass dominated coastal lagoon: How important are seagrasses to total ecosystem net primary production? SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Biennial Meeting of the Estuarine-Research-Federation CY SEP 25-30, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Estuarine Res Federat ID TESTUDINUM TURTLE GRASS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; EPIPHYTIC ALGAE; LAGUNA-MADRE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TROPICAL SEAGRASS; ZOSTERA-MARINA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB It has been assumed that because seagrasses dominate macrophyte biomass in many estuaries they also dominate primary production. We tested this assumption by developing three carbon budgets to examine the contribution of autotrophic components to the total ecosystem net primary production (TENPP) of Lower Laguna Madre, Texas. The first budget coupled average photosynthetic parameters with average daily irradiance to calculate daily production. The second budget used average photosynthetic parameters and hourly in situ irradiance to estimate productivity. The third budget integrated temperature-adjusted photosynthetic parameters (using Q(10) = 2) and hourly in situ irradiance to estimate productivity. For each budget TENPP was calculated by integrating production from each autotroph based on the producers' areal distribution within the entire Lower Laguna Madre. All budgets indicated that macroalgae account for 33-42% of TENPP and seagrasses consistently accounted for about 33-38%. The contribution by phytoplankton was consistently about 15-20%, and the contribution from the benthic microalgae varied between 8% and 36% of TENPP, although this may have been underestimated due to our exclusion of the within bed microphytobenthos component. The water column over the seagrass beds was net beterotrophic and consequently was a carbon sink consuming between 5% and 22% of TENPP. TENPP ranged between 5.41 X 10(10) and 2.53 X 10(11) g C yr(-1), depending on which budget was used. The simplest, most idealized budget predicted the highest TENPP, while the more realistic budgets predicted lower values. Annual production rates estimated using the third budget for Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum compare well with field data. Macroalgae and microalgae contribute 50-60% of TENPP, and seagrass may be more important as three-dimensional habitat (i.e., structure) than as a source of organic carbon to the water column in Lower Laguna Madre. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Corpus Christi Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 70 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 21 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4A BP 528 EP 539 DI 10.1007/BF02804888 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 602WK UT WOS:000178527300004 ER PT J AU Paerl, HW Dennis, RL Whitall, DR AF Paerl, HW Dennis, RL Whitall, DR TI Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: Implications for nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Review ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; WET DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; MARINE EUTROPHICATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; INORGANIC NITROGEN; TRANSPORT DISTANCE AB Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (AD-N) is a significant source of nitrogen enrichment to nitrogen (N)-limited estuarine and coastal waters downwind of anthropogenic emissions. Along the eastern U.S. coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico, AD-N currently accounts for 10% to over 40% of new N loading to estuaries. Extension of the regional acid deposition model (RADM) to coastal shelf waters indicates that 11, 5.6, and 5.6 kg N ha(-1) may be deposited on the continental shelf areas of the northeastern U.S. coast, southeast U.S. coast, and eastern Gulf of Mexico, respectively. AD-N approximates or exceeds riverine N inputs in many coastal regions. From a spatial perspective, AD-N is a unique source of N enrichment to estuarine and coastal waters because, for a receiving water body, the airshed may exceed the watershed by 10-20 fold. AD-N may originate far outside of the currently managed watersheds. AD-N may increase in importance as a new N source by affecting waters downstream of the oligohaline and mesohaline estuarine nutrient filters where large amounts of terrestrially-supplied N are assimilated and denitrified. Regionally and globally, N deposition associated with urbanization (NO(x), peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN) and agricultural expansion (NH(4)(+) and possibly organic N) has increased in coastal airsheds. Recent growth and intensification of animal (poultry, swine, cattle) operations in the midwest and mid-Atlantic regions have led to increasing amounts of NH(4)(+) emission and deposition, according to a three decadal analysis of the National Acid Deposition Program network. In western Europe, where livestock operations have dominated agricultural production for the better part of this century, NH(4)(+) is the most abundant form of AD-N. AD-N deposition in the U.S. is still dominated by oxides of N (NO(x)) emitted from fossil fuel combustion; annual NH(4)(+) deposition is increasing, and in some regions is approaching total NO(3)(-) deposition. In receiving estuarine and coastal waters, phytoplankton community structural and functional changes, associated water quality, and trophic and biogeochemical alterations (i.e., algal blooms, hypoxia, food web, and fisheries habitat disruption) are frequent consequences of N-driven eutrophication. Increases in and changing proportions of various new N sources regulate phytoplankton competitive interactions, dominance, and successional patterns. These quantitative and qualitative aspects of AD-N and other atmospheric nutrient sources (e.g., iron) may promote biotic changes now apparent in estuarine and coastal waters, including the proliferation of harmful algal blooms, with cascading impacts on water quality and fisheries. C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NOAA, US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Paerl, HW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM hans_paerl@unc.edu NR 128 TC 127 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 71 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4B BP 677 EP 693 DI 10.1007/BF02804899 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 602WP UT WOS:000178527700004 ER PT J AU Barker, JR Ringold, PL Bollman, M AF Barker, JR Ringold, PL Bollman, M TI Patterns of tree dominance in coniferous riparian forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE riparian ecology; riparian trees; riparian management; guild; coniferous riparian forest ID OREGON COAST RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WOODY DEBRIS; VEGETATION; RIVER; ECOLOGY; USA; DISTURBANCES; ECOSYSTEMS AB This research quantified patterns of riparian tree dominance in western Oregon, USA and then compared the observed patterns with the expected patterns defined from the literature. Research was conducted at 110 riparian sites located on private and public lands. The field sites were selected by probability surveys that were post-stratified by stream order and riparian forest type. An importance value index (IVI), which was the summation of tree relative density, relative frequency, and relative basal area, was used to define tree dominance. The IVI patterns of 19 riparian tree species with respect to ecoregion, geomorphic landform, stream order, and management practice were evaluated. In addition, the riparian trees were assigned to growth habit, life history strategy, and wetland indicator guilds depending on their taxonomy, response to flood disturbance, and wetland ecology, respectively. Douglas-fir, alder, western hemlock, and bigleaf maple were the trees with the highest IVI scores in western Oregon. The general IVI pattern of tree importance on the geomorphic landforms was hardwoods dominating the floodplain, hardwood and coniferous trees co-dominating the terrace, and conifers dominating the transition slope. However, there was considerable variability in the mix of the tree species because of differences in ecoregion, stream order, and management practice. The ecological importance of the dominant species was illustrated by their influence in determining the IVI patterns of the different guilds. For example, Douglas-fir, alder, and western hemlock were one, two, and three in their IVI rankings in western Oregon. The avoider, invader, and resister guilds were also ranked one, two, and three in importance because Douglas-fir, alder, and western hemlock were respectively classified in these groups. Such information is meaningful to developing conservation policy and plans to maintain or restore properly functioning riparian forests for aquatic and terrestrial biota, and to characterize reference condition and biological indicators for long-term ecological monitoring. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Barker, JR (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jbarker@dynamac.com NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 166 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 329 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00683-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00683-1 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 576UG UT WOS:000177023600024 ER PT J AU Negishi, K Loakes, D Schaaper, RM AF Negishi, K Loakes, D Schaaper, RM TI Saturation of DNA mismatch repair and error catastrophe by a base analogue in Escherichia coli SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID METHOXYAMINE-INITIATED MUTAGENESIS; NEGATIVE MUTATOR MUTATIONS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALLOW RAPID DETECTION; 6-METHYLADENINE RESIDUES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; LACZ MUTATIONS; MUTANTS; GENE; RECOGNITION AB Deoxyribosyl-dihydropyrimido [4,5-c] [1,2] oxazin-7-one (dP) is a potent mutagenic deoxycytidine-derived base analogue capable of pairing with both A and G, thereby causing G (.) C --> A (.) T and A (.) T --> G (.) C transition mutations. We have found that the Escherichia coli DNA mismatch-repair system can protect cells against this mutagenic action. At a low dose, dP is much more mutagenic in mismatch-repair-defective mutes, mutL, and mutS strains than in a wild-type strain. At higher doses, the difference between the wildtype and the mutator strains becomes small, indicative of saturation of mismatch repair. Introduction of a plasmid containing the E. coli mutL(+) gene significantly reduces dP-induced mutagenesis. Together, the results indicate that the mismatch-repair system can remove dP-induced replication errors, but that its capacity to remove dP-containing mismatches can readily be saturated. When cells are cultured at high dP concentration, mutant frequencies reach exceptionally high levels and viable cell counts are reduced. The observations are consistent with a hypothesis in which dP-induced cell killing and growth impairment result from excess mutations (error catastrophe), as previously observed spontaneously in proofreading-deficient mutD (dnaQ) strains. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Okayama Univ, Ctr Gene Res, Okayama 7008530, Japan. MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. RP Negishi, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, E3-01,POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 161 IS 4 BP 1363 EP 1371 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 588WT UT WOS:000177725700002 PM 12196386 ER PT J AU van Bree, L Dormans, JAMA Koren, HS Devlin, RB Rombout, PJA AF van Bree, L Dormans, JAMA Koren, HS Devlin, RB Rombout, PJA TI Attenuation and recovery of pulmonary injury in rats following short-term, repeated daily exposure to ozone SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INFLAMMATION; MODERATE EXERCISE; AMBIENT LEVELS; LUNG INJURY; 0.12 PPM; ADAPTATION; RESPONSES; INHALATION; HUMANS; EXPRESSION AB Controlled human and epidemiology studies have demonstrated that during repeated exposure to ozone (O-3) attenuation of lung function responses may occur. It is yet unknown whether inflammatory and biochemical effects in lower airways of humans, as observed upon single O-3 exposure, also show a diminutive response following repeated exposure to O-3. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory, permeability, and histopathological responses in lungs of rats following repeated daily O-3 exposure and to study the time course of attenuation and recovery of these effects using single O-3 challenges at various postexposure times. To aid in animal-to-human extrapolation, this study and a previously reported human study (Devlin et al., 1997) were designed with similar protocols. Wistar rats were exposed for 5 consecutive days to 0.4 ppm O-3 for 12 h/night. Subsequently, the time course of postexposure recovery was determined by a single challenge of 12 h to 0.4 ppm O-3 after a 5-, 10-, 15-, or 20-day recovery period. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination and histopathology were performed 12 h after this O-3 challenge. To quantify the magnitude of the O-3 response, results were compared with a group exposed only once for 12 h to 0.4 ppm O-3 and sacrificed simultaneously. The results demonstrate that a single exposure of 0.4 ppm O-3 causes marked permeability and inflammatory responses in lower airways of rats, as evidenced by enhanced BAL fluid levels of proteins, fibronectin, interleukin (IL)-6, and inflammatory cells. However, 5 days of exposure to 0.4 ppm O-3 for 12 h/night resulted in a complete disappearance of these responses, resulting in BAL fluid values that were not different from those observed in unexposed controls. Postexposure analyses of pulmonary response to O-3 challenges demonstrated that these attenuated responses show a gradual recovery. The data indicate that with respect to BAL fluid levels of albumin, IL-6, and number of macrophages and neutrophils, the period for lung tissue to regain its full susceptibility and responsiveness to O-3 following a 5-day preexposure period is approximately 15-20 days. Remarkably, the total protein and fibronectin responses in BAL fluid still exhibited an attenuated response to an O-3 challenge at 20 days postexposure. Morphometry (number of BrdU-Iabeled cells in terminal bronchiolar epithelium, and number of alveolar macrophages) showed that after a recovery of 5-10 days following a 5-day preexposure the response to a challenge was identical to that after a single exposure. These results suggest that complete repair from lower airway inflammation caused by short-term, repeated exposure to O-3 may take longer than previously assumed. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Hlth Effects Res Lab, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Pathol & Immunobiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. US EPA, Hlth Effects Res Labs, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP van Bree, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Hlth Effects Res Lab, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP 883 EP 900 DI 10.1080/08958370290084674 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 586LJ UT WOS:000177585200005 PM 12122568 ER PT J AU Lunetta, RS Alvarez, R Edmonds, CM Lyon, JG Elvidge, CD Bonifaz, R Garcia, C AF Lunetta, RS Alvarez, R Edmonds, CM Lyon, JG Elvidge, CD Bonifaz, R Garcia, C TI NALC/Mexico land-cover mapping results: implications for assessing landscape condition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; ISSUES AB An inventory of land-cover conditions throughout Mexico was performed using North American Landscape Characterization ( NALC) Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) 'triplicate' images, corresponding to the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s epoch periods. The equivalent of 300 image scenes were analysed using an unsupervised classification approach by a consortium of 13 universities and institutes across Mexico. Accuracy assessments were conducted to validate the 1970s and 1990s results using independent land-cover classifications (reference data) developed from the interpretation of 1: 100 000-scale aerial photography collected in 1973, and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery collected between 1990 and 1993. The 1980s epoch classifications were compared with both reference datasets, collectively. The relative accuracy of the classifications results were 60% for both the 1970s and 1990s epoch and 67% for the 1980s epoch. The significantly ( p= 0.05) higher accuracy for the 1980s epoch ( 67%) was thought to be an aberration resulting from the combined application of two reference datasets, resulting in a random compensation of reference data error. Significantly different ( p= 0.05) results were documented for a subset of Mexico's major habitat regions. Desert and xeric shrublands were most accurate (74%), followed by conifer and xeric dominated habitats (64%) and other mixed habitats (54%). Scenes representing the highest accuracies ( 15 percentile) almost exclusively represented desert and xeric shrub habitat regions, and the lowest (17 percentile) represented predominantly mixed habitat regions. Significant differences among the 13 member consortium universities and institutes were attributed to habitat region assignments. Results indicated that large area spectral based land-cover categorizations should be stratified and processed on a habitat or ecoregion basis. Results also suggested that any future land-cover conversion analysis for Mexico would probably best be accomplished using a post-classification approach, based on major habitat regions, rather than on a scene-by-scene or pixel-wise basis. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Math Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. US EPA, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Direcc Gen Serv Comp Acad, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 16 BP 3129 EP 3148 DI 10.1080/01431160110071888 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 584BG UT WOS:000177446900002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, A AF Schmidt, A TI Radon and multimedia mitigation: What USEPA proposed SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Off Air & Radiat 6609J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schmidt, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat 6609J, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 8 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 582JH UT WOS:000177346700011 ER PT J AU Martonen, TB Zhang, Z Yue, G Musante, CJ AF Martonen, TB Zhang, Z Yue, G Musante, CJ TI 3-D Particle transport within the human upper respiratory tract SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inhaled particulate matter (PM); computational fluid dynamics (CFD); risk assessment AB In this study, trajectories of inhaled particulate matter (PM) were simulated within a three-dimensional (3-D) computer model of the human upper respiratory tract (URT). The airways were described by computer-reconstructed images of a silicone rubber cast of the human head, throat, and trachea and main bronchi. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of airflow patterns were performed using commercially available software (CFX-F3D) on a Sun Sparc-5 workstation. For each simulation, particles were introduced within a nostril grid and their trajectories calculated. A typical computer run of 400 iterations took 25 h. Particle deposition was designated in nasal (N), laryngeal (L), and tracheobronchial (T) regions, or penetration (P) of the URT. Deposition was calculated as a function of particle size (0.5-5 mum), density (1 and 2 g/cm(3)), and flow rate (9, 17, and 34 l/min). The computations should be addressed on a case-by-case basis as detailed herein; however, it can be stated that in a given N, L, or T region, deposition fractions as determined by the calculation of trajectories increased more with flow rate than particle size. This knowledge of factors affecting particle trajectories and deposition patterns may have important implications for PM risk assessment programs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Pulm Dis, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 7 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1095 EP 1110 AR PII S0021-8502(02)00060-5 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00060-5 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 590BB UT WOS:000177796400001 ER PT J AU Hussein, M Jin, MH Weaver, JW AF Hussein, M Jin, MH Weaver, JW TI Development and verification of a screening model for surface spreading of petroleum SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE oil spills; mathematical models; volatilization; petroleum seepage ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; GRAVITY CURRENTS; POROUS-MEDIA; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; MULTIPHASE FLOW; TRANSPORT; INFILTRATION; PLANE; ZONE AB Overflows and leakage from aboveground storage tanks and pipelines carrying crude oil and petroleum products occur frequently. The spilled hydrocarbons pose environmental threats by contaminating the surrounding soil and the underlying ground water. Predicting the fate and transport of these chemicals is required for environmental risk assessment and for remedial measure design. The present paper discusses the formulation and application of the Oil Surface Flow Screening Model (OILSFSM) for predicting the surface flow of oil by taking into account infiltration and evaporation. Surface flow is simulated using a semi-analytical model based on the lubrication theory approximation of viscous flow. Infiltration is simulated using a version of the Green and Ampt infiltration model, which is modified to account for oil properties. Evaporation of volatile compounds is simulated using a compositional model that accounts for the changes in the fraction of each compound in the spilled oil. The coupling between surface flow, infiltration and evaporation is achieved by incorporating the infiltration and evaporation fluxes into the global continuity equation of the spilled oil. The model was verified against numerical models for infiltration and analytical models for surface flow. The verification study demonstrates the applicability of the model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. HydroGeoLog Inc, Herndon, VA USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA USA. RP Hussein, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 302 AR PII S0169-7722(01)00220-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00220-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 576QQ UT WOS:000177016700007 PM 12180813 ER PT J AU Haugland, RA Brinkman, N Vesper, SJ AF Haugland, RA Brinkman, N Vesper, SJ TI Evaluation of rapid DNA extraction methods for the quantitative detection of fungi using real-time PCR analysis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE DNA; extraction; fungi; real time; PCR; quantitative ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM CONIDIA; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB Three comparatively rapid methods for the extraction of DNA from fungal conidia and yeast cells in environmental (air, water and dust) samples were evaluated for use in real-time PCR (TaqMan(TM)) analyses. A simple bead milling method was developed to provide sensitive, accurate and precise quantification of target organisms in air and water (tap and surface) samples. However, quantitative analysis of dust samples required further purification of the extracted DNA by a streamlined silica adsorption procedure. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 8 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00037-4 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00037-4 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 565AJ UT WOS:000176345500012 PM 12031583 ER PT J AU Kohn, MC Melnick, RL AF Kohn, MC Melnick, RL TI Biochemical origins of the non-monotonic receptor-mediated dose-response SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION; COACTIVATOR; LIGAND; YEAST; BINDING; ELEMENT; ALPHA; PUBERTY AB A mathematical model was created to examine how xenobiotic ligands that bind to nuclear receptor proteins may affect transcriptional activation of hormone-regulated genes. The model included binding of the natural ligand (e.g. hormone) and xenobiotic ligands to the receptor, binding of the liganded receptor to receptor-specific DNA response sequences, binding of co-activator or co-repressor proteins (Rp) to the resulting complex, and the consequent transcriptional rate relative to that in the absence of the xenobiotic agent. The model predicted that the xenobiotic could act as a pure agonist, a pure antagonist, or a mixed agonist whose dose-response curve exhibits a local maximum. The response to the agent depends on the affinity of the liganded receptor-DNA complex for binding additional transcription factors (e.g. co-activator proteins). An inverted U-shaped dose-response occurred when basal levels of the natural ligand did not saturate receptor binding sites and the affinity for co-activator is weaker when the xenobiotic ligand is bound to the receptor than when the endogenous ligand is bound. The dose-response curve shape was not dependent on the affinity of the receptor for the xenobiotic agent; alteration of this value merely shifted the curve along the concentration axis. The amount of receptor, the density of DNA response sequences, and the affinity of the DNA-bound receptor for Rp determine the amplitude of the computed response with little overall change in curve shape. This model indicates that a non-monotonic dose-response is a plausible outcome for xenobiotic agents that activate nuclear receptors in the same manner as natural ligands. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kohn, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, POB 12233,MD A3-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4NQ, ENGLAND SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 AR UNSP 0952-5041/02/029-113 DI 10.1677/jme.0.0290113 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 589LY UT WOS:000177760900010 PM 12200233 ER PT J AU Leblond, JD Chapman, PJ AF Leblond, JD Chapman, PJ TI A survey of the sterol composition of the marine dinoflagellates Karenia brevis, Karenia mikimotoi, and Karlodinium micrum distribution of sterols within other members of the class Dinophyceae SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; dinoflagellates; Dinophyceae; Gymnodinium; Karenia; Karlodinium; lipids; sterols ID RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; FATTY-ACID; CRYPTHECODINIUM-COHNII; LIPID-COMPOSITION; 4-METHYL STEROLS; SIDE-CHAIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; DINOSTEROL AB The sterol composition of different marine microalgae has been examined to determine the utility of sterols as biomarkers to distinguish members of various algal classes. For example, members of the class Dinophyceae possess certain 4-methyl sterols, such as dinosterol, which are rarely found in other classes of algae. The ability to use sterol biomarkers to distinguish certain dinoflagellates such as the toxic species Karenia brevis Hansen and Moestrup, responsible for red tide events in the Gulf of Mexico, from other species within the same class would be of considerable scientific and economic value. Karenia brevis has been shown by others to possess two major sterols, (24S)-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-ergosta 8(14),22-dien-3beta-ol (ED) and its 27-nor derivative (NED), having novel structures not previously known to be present in other dinoflagellates. This prompted the present study of the sterol signatures of more than 40 dinoflagellates. In this survey, sterols with the properties of ED and NED were found in cultures of K brevis and shown also to be the principal sterols of Karenia mikimotoi Hansen and Moestrup and Karlodinium micrum Larsen, two dinoflagellates closely related to K brevis. They are also found as minor components of the more complex sterol profiles of other members of the Gymnodinium/Peridinium/Prorocentrum (GPP) taxonomic group. The distribution of these sterols is consistent with the known close relationship between K brevis, K mikimotoi, and K micrum and serves to limit the use of these sterols as lipid biomarkers to a few related species of dinoflagellates. C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Leblond, JD (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM jleblond@mtsu.edu NR 65 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 670 EP 682 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01181.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 590RU UT WOS:000177836500007 ER PT J AU Juhl, AR Latz, MI AF Juhl, AR Latz, MI TI Mechanisms of fluid shear-induced inhibition of population growth in a red-tide dinoflagellate SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; cell death; flow cytometry; dinoflagellate; Gonyaulax; growth inhibition; Lingulodinium polyedrum; Picogreen; red tide; shear; turbulence ID GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA STEIN; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; CELL-CYCLE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEATH; FLOW; LIMITATION; SEA AB Net population growth of some dinoflagellates is inhibited by fluid shear at shear stresses comparable with those generated during oceanic turbulence. Decreased net growth may occur through lowered cell division, increased mortality, or both. The dominant mechanism under various flow conditions was determined for the red-tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge. Cell division and mortality were determined by direct observation of isolated cells in 0.5-mL cultures that were shaken to generate unquantified fluid shear. Larger volume cultures were exposed to quantified laminar shear in Couette-flow chambers (0.004-0.019 N.m(-2) shear stress) and to unquantified flow in shaken flasks. In these larger cultures, cell division frequency was calculated from flow cytometric measurements of DNA.cell(-1). The mechanism by which shear inhibits net growth of L. polyedrum depends on shear stress level and growth conditions. Observations on the isolated cells showed that shaking inhibited growth by lowering cell division without increased mortality. Similar results were found for early exponential-phase cultures exposed to the lowest experimental shear stress in Couette-flow chambers. However, mortality occurred when a late exponential-phase culture was exposed to the same low shear stress and was inferred to occur in cultures exposed to higher shear stresses. Elevated mortality in those treatments was confirmed using behavioral, morphological, and physiological assays. The results predict that cell division in L. polyedrum populations will be inhibited by levels of oceanic turbulence common for near-surface waters. Shear-induced mortality is not expected unless shear-stress levels are unusually high or when cellular condition resembles late exponential/stationary phase cultures. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Juhl, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. OI Juhl, Andrew/0000-0002-1575-3756 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.00165.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 590RU UT WOS:000177836500008 ER PT J AU Miller, SN Kepner, WG Mehaffey, MH Hernandez, M Miller, RC Goodrich, DC Devonald, KK Heggem, DT Miller, WP AF Miller, SN Kepner, WG Mehaffey, MH Hernandez, M Miller, RC Goodrich, DC Devonald, KK Heggem, DT Miller, WP TI Integrating landscape assessment and hydrologic modeling for land cover change analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Decision-Making for Watershed Management CY JAN, 2001 CL CHEVY CHASE, MARYLAND DE GIS; remote sensing; AGWA; landscape characterization ID AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; GIS; VARIABILITY; ISSUES; SCALE AB Significant land cover changes have occurred in the watersheds that contribute runoff to the upper San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. These changes, observed using a series of remotely sensed images taken in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, have been implicated in the alteration of the basin hydrologic response. The Cannonsville subwatershed, located in the Catskill/Delaware watershed complex that delivers water to New York City, provides a contrast in land cover change. In this region, the Cannonsville watershed condition has improved over a comparable time period. A landscape assessment tool using a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed that automates the parameterization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and KINEmatic Runoff and EROSion (KINEROS) hydrologic models. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool was used to prepare parameter input files for the Upper San Pedro Basin, a subwatershed within the San Pedro undergoing significant changes, and the Cannonsville watershed using historical land cover data. Runoff and sediment yield were simulated using these models. In the Cannonsville watershed, land cover change had a beneficial impact on modeled watershed response due to the transition from agriculture to forest land cover. Simulation results for the San Pedro indicate that increasing urban and agricultural areas and the simultaneous invasion of woody plants and decline of grasslands resulted in increased annual and event runoff volumes, flashier flood response, and decreased water quality due to sediment loading. These results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating remote sensing and distributed hydrologic models through the use of GIS for assessing watershed condition and the relative impacts of land cover transitions on hydrologic response. C1 ARS, USDA, Sw Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US EPA, NERL, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sw Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 915 EP 929 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05534.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 595RF UT WOS:000178122000004 ER PT J AU Supalla, R Klaus, B Yeboah, O Bruins, R AF Supalla, R Klaus, B Yeboah, O Bruins, R TI A game theory approach to deciding who will supply instream flow water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Decision-Making for Watershed Management CY JAN, 2001 CL CHEVY CHASE, MARYLAND DE environmental conflict resolution; game theory; water; economics; instream flow; endangered species AB The resource management problem for the Middle Platte ecosystem is the insufficient water available to meet both instream ecological demands and out-of-stream economic needs. This problem of multiple interest groups competing for a limited resource is compounded by sharp disagreement in the scientific community over endangered species' needs for instream flows. In this study, game theory was used to address one dimension of this resource management problem. A sequential auction with repeated bidding was used to determine how much instream flow water each of three states-Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming-will provide and at what price. The results suggest that the use of auction mechanisms can improve the prospects for reaching a multi-state agreement on who will supply instream flow water, if the auction is structured to discourage misrepresentation of costs and if political compensation is allowed. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Econ, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Supalla, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Econ, 307B Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Klaus, Bettina/H-8223-2012 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05537.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 595RF UT WOS:000178122000007 ER PT J AU Allen, HJ Dickson, KL Martin, H Thuesen, KA Waller, WT AF Allen, HJ Dickson, KL Martin, H Thuesen, KA Waller, WT TI Monitoring watersheds: Biomonitors and other measures SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALVE-MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR; CLAM CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; RESPONSES; COPPER; BIVALVES; MUSSELS; SYSTEM C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Water Resources Program, Denton, TX USA. RP Allen, HJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1080/1063073022000016450 PG 19 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 596BN UT WOS:000178144100003 ER PT J AU Cottrill, CA Shaw, D AF Cottrill, CA Shaw, D TI From the guest editors SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cottrill, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP VII EP XI PG 5 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 596BN UT WOS:000178144100002 ER PT J AU Turin, D Liebman, M AF Turin, D Liebman, M TI Keeping posted: Communicating health risks at public beaches SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL WATER C1 US EPA, New England Reg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Ecosyst Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Turin, D (reprint author), US EPA, New England Reg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 45 EP 69 DI 10.1080/1063073022000016478 PG 25 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 596BN UT WOS:000178144100005 ER PT J AU Litt, JS Hynes, HP Carroll, P Maxfield, R McLaine, P Kawecki, C AF Litt, JS Hynes, HP Carroll, P Maxfield, R McLaine, P Kawecki, C TI Lead safe yards: A program for improving health in urban neighborhoods SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SOIL; ABATEMENT; BOSTON C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Urban Environm HLth Initiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US EPA, Off Environm Measurement & Evaluat, New England Reg Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Invest & Anal Branch, New England Reg Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Litt, JS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 71 EP 93 DI 10.1080/1063073022000016487 PG 23 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 596BN UT WOS:000178144100006 ER PT J AU Yudt, MR Cidlowski, JA AF Yudt, MR Cidlowski, JA TI The glucocorticoid receptor: Coding a diversity of proteins and responses through a single gene SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; BETA-ISOFORM; DNA-BINDING; CORTISOL RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MOLECULAR-BASIS; POINT MUTATION; LEUKEMIC-CELLS AB The ability of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids to elicit numerous and diverse physiological responses is remarkable. How the product of a single gene can participate in such a myriad of cell- and tissue-specific pathways has remained largely unknown. The last several years have seen increased description of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein isoforms. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding naturally occurring GR isoforms and discuss how this array of receptor species generates the diversity associated with the glucocorticoid response. We propose that the multiplicity of receptor forms have unique tissue-specific actions on the downstream biology providing a mechanism to create GR signaling networks. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,NC MDF307, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 80 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1719 EP 1726 DI 10.1210/me.2002-0106 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 577WV UT WOS:000177086400001 PM 12145329 ER PT J AU Sawunyama, P Bailey, GW AF Sawunyama, P Bailey, GW TI Computational chemistry study of the environmentally important acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of atrazine and related 2-chloro-s-triazines SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 2-chloro-s-triazines; density functional theory; dipole moment; hydrolysis; nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction; proton affinity; self-consistent reaction field ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GAS-PHASE; FIELD CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-STATES; EXACT EXCHANGE; S-TRIAZINE; SOIL; SUBSTITUTION; METABOLITES; MECHANISM AB Many chlorine-containing pesticides, for example 2-chloro-s-triazines, are of great concern both environmentally and toxicologically. As a result, ascertaining or predicting the fate and transport of these compounds in soils and water is of current interest. Transformation pathways for 2-chloro-striazines in the environment include dealkylation, dechlorination (hydrolysis), and ring cleavage. This study explored the feasibility of using computational chemistry, specifically the hybrid density functional theory method, B3LYP, to predict hydrolysis trends of atrazine (2-chloro-N-4-ethyl-N-6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and related 2-chloro-s-triazines to the corresponding 2-hydroxy-s-triazines. Gas-phase energetics are described on the basis of calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Calculated free energies of hydrolysis (Delta(h) 43298) are nearly the same for simazine (2-chloro-N-4, N-6-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), atrazine, and propazine (2-chloro-N-4, N-6-di-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), suggesting that hydrolysis is not significantly affected by the side-chain amine-nitrogen alkyl substituents. High-energy barriers also suggest that the reactions are not likely to be observed in the gas phase. Aqueous solvation effects were examined by means of self-consistent reaction field methods (SCRF). Molecular structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using the Onsager model, and solvation energies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the isodensity surface polarizable continuum model (IPCM). Although the extent of solvent stabilization was greater for cationic species than neutral ones, the full extent of solvation is underestimated, especially for the transition state structures. As a consequence, the calculated hydrolysis barrier for protonated atrazine is exaggerated compared with the experimentally determined one. Overall, the hydrolysis reactions follow a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) pathway. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sawunyama, P (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 8 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1002/ps.522 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 576YU UT WOS:000177035400002 PM 12192899 ER PT J AU Teuschler, L Klaunig, J Carney, E Chambers, J Conolly, R Gennings, C Giesy, J Hertzberg, R Klaassen, C Kodell, R Paustenbach, D Yang, R AF Teuschler, L Klaunig, J Carney, E Chambers, J Conolly, R Gennings, C Giesy, J Hertzberg, R Klaassen, C Kodell, R Paustenbach, D Yang, R TI Support of science-based decisions concerning the evaluation of the toxicology of mixtures: A new beginning SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK ASSESSMENT; INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; ORAL TOXICITY; RATS; GROUNDWATER; COMBINATION C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. CIIT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Exponent Environm Grp Inc, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Box 980032, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1006/rtph.2002.1570 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 600UR UT WOS:000178410600004 PM 12383716 ER PT J AU Griffiths, CW Dockins, C Owens, N Simon, NB Axelrad, DA AF Griffiths, CW Dockins, C Owens, N Simon, NB Axelrad, DA TI What to do at low doses: A bounding approach for economic analysis SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE benefit-cost analysis; carcinogen risk assessment; nonlinear dose-response assessment; risk and economics ID MODEL AB To quantify the health benefits of environmental policies, economists generally require estimates of the reduced probability of illness or death. For policies that reduce exposure to carcinogenic substances, these estimates traditionally have been obtained through the linear extrapolation of experimental dose-response data to low-exposure scenarios as described in the US. Environmental Protection Agency's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (1986). In response to evolving scientific knowledge, EPA proposed revisions to the guidelines in 1996. Under the proposed revisions, dose-response relationships would not be estimated for carcinogens thought to exhibit nonlinear modes of action. Such a change in cancer-risk assessment methods and outputs will likely have serious consequences for how benefit-cost analyses of policies aimed at reducing cancer risks are conducted. Any tendency for reduced quantification of effects in environmental risk assessments, such as those contemplated in the revisions to EPA's cancer-risk assessment guidelines, impedes the ability of economic analysts to respond to increasing calls for benefit-cost analysis. This article examines the implications for benefit-cost analysis of carcinogenic exposures of the proposed changes to the 1986 Guidelines and proposes an approach for bounding dose-response relationships when no biologically based models are available. In spite of the more limited quantitative information provided in a carcinogen risk assessment under the proposed revisions to the guidelines, we argue that reasonable bounds on dose-response relationships can be estimated for low-level exposures to nonlinear carcinogens. This approach yields estimates of reduced illness for use in a benefit-cost analysis while incorporating evidence of nonlinearities in the dose-response relationship. As an illustration, the bounding approach is applied to the case of chloroform exposure. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Griffiths, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.00060 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 591UT UT WOS:000177899200004 PM 12224742 ER PT J AU Sabat, LJ Vogt, C Holliday, B AF Sabat, LJ Vogt, C Holliday, B TI Promoting dredged material as a resource - Dredged material is a valuable resource that can be used in environmentally beneficial ways SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Ocean Discharge & Dumping Team, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USA, Corps Engineers HQ, Navigat & Operat Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Sabat, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Ocean Discharge & Dumping Team, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 586XJ UT WOS:000177611200008 ER PT J AU Troester, MA Lindstrom, AB Waidyanatha, S Kupper, LL Rappaport, SM AF Troester, MA Lindstrom, AB Waidyanatha, S Kupper, LL Rappaport, SM TI Stability of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of naphthalene oxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone, and 1,4-naphthoquinone SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE naphthalene-1,2-oxide; 1,2-naphthoquinone; 1,4-naphthoquinone; tumorigenicity; rat; hemoglobin; albumin ID BENZENE OXIDE; GLUTATHIONE ADDITION; F344 RATS; 1,4-BENZOQUINONE; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; BINDING; INVIVO; MOUSE AB Naphthalene is an important industrial chemical, which has recently been shown to cause tumors of the respiratory tract in rodents. It is thought that one or more reactive metabolites of naphthalene, namely, naphthalene-1,2-oxide (NPO), 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NPQ), and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NPQ) contribute to the tumorigenicity of this chemical. These electrophiles are all capable of covalent binding to macromolecules including DNA and proteins. The stability of cysteinyl adducts of NPO, 1,2-NPQ, and 1,4-NPQ were investigated in both hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) of male F344 rats following a single administration of 2 different doses (400 or 800 mg naphthalene per kg body weight). To assess the stability of Alb adducts, we compared the rates of NPO-Alb turnover (half-life of approximately 2 days) and 1,2-NPQ-Alb (half-life of approximately 1 day) to the normal turnover rate of Alb in the rat (half-life = 2.5-3 days). Based on the rapid turnover of these adducts relative to Alb itself, we concluded that they were unstable. However, the stability of Alb adducts was not affected by the dose of naphthalene administered (400 or 800 mg/kg). In contrast, NPO-Hb adducts were relatively stable (rate constant of adduct instability less than or equal to 0.01) following a 400 mg/kg dose of naphthalene, but their stability could not be estimated following an 800 mg/kg dose due to high variability among animals. The rate constants of adduct instability obtained in this study allow application of NPO and NPQ adducts to estimate the exposure to reactive electrophilic metabolites of naphthalene in the rat. In addition, some limitations of current methods for estimating adduct instability were identified. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Rappaport, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126, P42ES05948, T32ES07018] NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.314 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000009 PM 12151627 ER PT J AU Craft, ES DeVito, MJ Crofton, KM AF Craft, ES DeVito, MJ Crofton, KM TI Comparative responsiveness of hypothyroxinemia and hepatic enzyme induction in long-evans rats versus C57BL/6J mice exposed to TCDD-like and phenobarbital-like polychlorinated biphenyl congeners SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs; thyroid hormones; C576J/BL mice; Long-Evans rats ID THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE INDUCERS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TOXIC POTENCY; THYROXINE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; LIVER; GLUCURONIDATION; PCBS; COMBINATION AB Numerous mechanisms have been postulated to explain how polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons alter thyroid homeostasis with almost all data derived from studies using the rat. This study compared the sensitivity of rats and mice to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-induced hypothyroxemia. Male and female C57BL/6J mice and Long-Evans rats were dosed orally for 4 consecutive days with either PCB126 (0.03-300.0 mug/kg/day) or PCB153 (0.3-300.0 mg/kg/day). Trunk blood and livers were collected 24 h after the last dose and used to determine total serum thyroxine (T-4) and hepatic microsomal T-4 glucuronidation activity. Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (PROD) activities were also determined as markers for Ah receptor or phenobarbital response unit activation, respectively. PCB126 did not affect T-4 in the mouse but decreased T-4 (up to 50%) in the rat. PCB153 decreased T-4 (up to 80%) in both the rat and the mouse. PCB126 increased EROD in both rats (12- to 22-fold) and mice (15- to 20-fold). PCB153 induced hepatic PROD activity in both rats (30-fold) and mice (4-fold). T-4 glucuronidation was increased approximately 2- to 3-fold in both rats and mice treated with PCB153. PCB126 increased T-4 glucuronidation 13-fold in rats but only marginally (20%) in mice at the highest doses. Western blot analysis confirmed the PCB126-induced changes in expression of UGT1A in rats and the minimal increase in mice. These data suggest that species differences in response to chemicals that induce hypothyroxinemia are due to differential induction of hepatic UGT enzymes. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 45 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 372 EP 380 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.372 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000015 PM 12151633 ER PT J AU Foran, CM Peterson, BN Benson, WH AF Foran, CM Peterson, BN Benson, WH TI Transgenerational and developmental exposure of japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to ethinylestradiol results in endocrine and reproductive differences in the response to ethinylestradiol as adults SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE teleost; vitellogenin; steroid; development; differentiation ID CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; MESSENGER-RNA; LIFE-CYCLE; CHEMICALS; VITELLOGENIN; INDUCTION; ESTROGENS; EFFLUENT AB 17alpha-Ethinylestradiol (EE), a synthetic estrogen found in birth control pills, has been detected in the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants in several countries. Because EE was designed to be extremely potent at the estrogen receptor (ER), environmental exposure to low concentrations has the potential to disrupt the development of normal endocrine and reproductive function when exposure occurs during critical periods in development. Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, were used to evaluate the effect of exposure to EE during development on adult reproduction and endocrine function and the sensitivity of these animals to estrogen exposure as adults. To determine if the response to exogenous estrogen stimulation was diminished or sensitized, adults resulting from the developmental exposure groups were reexposed to EE at respectively higher concentrations. Hatchling exposure produced no changes in adult vitellogenin (VTG) content in the liver or circulating steroid concentrations, nor was reproduction affected. Reexposure of these adults inhibited reproduction, increased hepatic VTG and ER, and increased estrogen concentration measured in male plasma. Parental exposure produced permanent changes in hepatic content of ER and VTG in the adults resulting from exposure during gametogenesis and was related to a diminished response of males to subsequent estrogen exposure. The potential for this transgenerational exposure to decrease the responsiveness of males to EE is supported by comparing the concentration-response curves for hepatic VTG and ER in males exposed in ovo and as hatchlings. Our results indicate that the relationship between biomarkers and estrogen exposure will be altered by the timing and frequency of exposure. C1 Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Res Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Foran, CM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM cmforan@mail.wvu.edu NR 36 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.389 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000017 PM 12151635 ER PT J AU Hu, WY Jones, PD Upham, BL Trosko, JE Lau, C Giesy, JP AF Hu, WY Jones, PD Upham, BL Trosko, JE Lau, C Giesy, JP TI Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by perfluorinated compounds in rat liver and dolphin kidney epithelial cell lines in vitro and sprague-dawley rats in vivo SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE GJIC; PFOS; perfluorinated chemicals; rodents; QSAR ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; TUMOR PROMOTERS; FATTY-ACIDS; OVAL CELLS; CARCINOGENESIS; HEPATOCYTES AB Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is the major pathway of intercellular signal transduction, and is thus important for normal cell growth and function. Recent studies have revealed a global distribution of some perfluorinated organic compounds, especially perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in the environment. Because other perfluoroalkanes had been shown to inhibit GJIC, the effects of PFOS and related sulfonated fluorochemicals on GJIC were studied using a rat liver epithelial cell line (WB-F344) and a dolphin kidney epithelial cell line (CDK). In vivo effects on GJIC were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats orally exposed to PFOS for 3 days or 3 weeks. Effects on GJIC were measured using the scrape loading dye technique. PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHA) were found to inhibit GJIC in a dose-dependent fashion, and this inhibition occurred rapidly and was reversible. Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) showed no significant effects on GJIC within the concentration range tested. A structure activity relationship was established among all 4 tested compounds, indicating that the inhibitory effect was determined by the length of fluorinated tail and not by the nature of the functional group. The results of the studies of the 2 cell lines and the in vivo exposure were comparable, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of the selected perfluorinated compounds on GJIC were neither species- nor tissue-specific and can occur both in vitro and in vivo. C1 Michigan State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jones, PD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr 224, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES049111] NR 39 TC 145 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.429 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000020 PM 12151638 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Derr-Yellin, EC AF Kodavanti, PRS Derr-Yellin, EC TI Differential effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls on [H-3]arachidonic acid release in rat cerebellar granule neurons SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 24-29, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Toxicol DE polybrominated diphenyl ethers; brominated flame retardants; arachidonic acid release; polychlorinated biphenyls; phospholipases; neurotoxicity ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TUBULAR CELL-CULTURES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); INTRACELLULAR PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PCB CONGENERS; CALCIUM; ACTIVATION; BRAIN; ORGANOCHLORINE AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are widely used as flame-retardants, have been increasing in environmental and human tissue samples during the past 20-30 years, while other structurally related, persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (on a TEQ basis), have decreased. PBDEs have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk, and developmental and long-term exposure to these contaminants may pose a human health risk, especially to children. Previously, we demonstrated that PCBs, which cause neurotoxic effects, including changes in learning and memory, stimulated the release of [H-3]arachidonic acid ([H-3]AA) by a cPLA(2)/iPLA(2)-dependent mechanism. PLA(2)(phospholipase A(2)) activity has been associated with learning and memory, and AA has been identified as a second messenger involved in synaptic plasticity. The objective of the present study was to test whether PBDE mixtures (DE-71 and DE-79), like other organohalogen mixtures, have a similar action on [H-3]AA release in an in vitro neuronal culture model. Cerebellar granule cells at 7 days in culture were labeled with [H-3]AA for 16-20 h and then exposed in vitro to PBDEs. DE-71, a mostly pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture, significantly stimulated [H-3]AA release at concentrations as low as 10 mug/ml, while DE-79, a mostly octabromodiphenyl ether mixture, did not stimulate [H-3]AA release, even at 50 mug/ml. The release of [H-3]AA by DE-71 is time-dependent, and a significant increase was seen after only 5-10 min of exposure. The removal and chelation of calcium from the exposure buffer, using 0.3 mM EGTA, significantly attenuated the DE-71-stimulated [H-3]AA release; however, only an 18% inhibition of the release was demonstrated for the calcium replete conditions at 30 mug/ml DE-71. Methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate (5 muM), an inhibitor of cPLA(2)/iPLA(2), completely attenuated the DE-71-stimulated [H-3]AA release. Further studies focused on comparing the effects of DE-71 with PCB mixtures such as Aroclors 1016 and 1254. Both PCB mixtures stimulated [H-3]AA release in a concentration-dependent manner; however, the effect for PCBs was about two times greater than that of the PBDEs on a weight basis, but was comparable on a molar basis. These results indicate that PBDEs stimulated the release of [H-3]AA by activating PLA(2), which is similar to the effect of other organohalogen mixtures. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, MD 74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 44 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.451 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000023 PM 12151641 ER PT J AU Lasky, RE Widholm, JJ Crofton, KM Schantz, SL AF Lasky, RE Widholm, JJ Crofton, KM Schantz, SL TI Perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254 impairs distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs; Aroclor 1254; distortion product otoacoustic emissions; auditory evoked brainstem responses; Long-Evans rats ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AROCLOR-1254; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEARING-LOSS; 3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL PCB-126; FREQUENCY HEARING; DEFICITS; PCBS; PERFORMANCE; LACTATION AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are a potential health hazard to human and wildlife populations. Low-frequency auditory impairments have previously been documented in Aroclor 1254 (A 1254)-exposed rats, including elevated behavioral auditory thresholds and decreased amplitude and prolonged latency auditory evoked brain stem responses (ABRs). Furthermore, outer hair-cell loss on the basilar membrane of the cochlea has been documented, demonstrating that the cochlea is a target organ for PCB ototoxicity. The current experiment assessed the effects of A1254 on cochlear function by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). ABRs were measured to determine the effects of A1254 on the central nervous system auditory pathways. Pregnant Long-Evans rats received either 0 or 6 mg/kg A1254 (po) in corn oil from gestation day 6 to lactational day 21. The auditory function of male and female offspring was assessed at approximately 18 months of age. The rats were anesthetized and a probe-unit, consisting of 2 insert earphones and a microphone, was positioned in the ear canal. DPOAE amplitudes were reduced and thresholds increased in the A1254-exposed rats. The deficits were most pronounced at the lowest frequencies tested (2.1-3.2 kHz), but deficits were also observed at higher frequencies (3.7-8.6 kHz). Males and females were equally affected at the lower frequencies, but females were more impaired at the higher frequencies. In contrast, ABR latencies and amplitudes were not altered by A1254 exposure. These findings provide the first functional evidence supporting a cochlear site of damage in PCB-induced hearing loss. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston Med Sch, Ctr Clin Res & Evidence Based Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lasky, RE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston Med Sch, Ctr Clin Res & Evidence Based Med, 6431 Fannin,MSB 2-104, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [F32-ES05885] NR 23 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.458 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000024 PM 12151642 ER PT J AU Cash, GG Dias, JR AF Cash, GG Dias, JR TI Resonance topology and related aspects of fluoranthenoid/fluorenoid and indacenoid hydrocarbon radicals SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE resonance topology; hydrocarbon radicals; structure count ID POLYCYCLIC CONJUGATED HYDROCARBONS; ISOMER BENZENOID SERIES; KEKULE STRUCTURES; CONSTANT NUMBER; CARBON CLUSTERS; LEAPFROG TRANSFORMATION; INFORMATION-CONTENT; SEXTET BENZENOIDS; CHEMICAL FORMULAS; ENUMERATION AB Data oil the number of resonance structures of free radical polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons are tabulated and studied. The first examples of fluoranthenoid / fluorenoid and indacenoid polyradical systems are presented. Some comparative generalizations between benzenoid free radicals and fluoranthenoid / fluorenoid and indacenoid polyradical systems are formulated. For example, there is a tendency of these latter even-carbon nonalternant hydrocarbons to have fewer radical isomers compared to the former alternant hydracarbons. Examples where Fowler's leapfrog algorithm identifies the more stable fluorenoid anion and indacenoid dianion isomer are presented. C1 US EPA, Risk Assessment Div 7403M, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Risk Assessment Div 7403M, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 8 BP 650 EP 660 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 591XN UT WOS:000177905700003 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS TI An improved preparation of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids using microwaves SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; 1,3-dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates; microwave heating; solvent-free ID ORGANIC SYNTHESES; EXTRACTION; SOLVENTS AB An efficient microwave protocol is described for the preparation of room temperature ionic liquids consisting of alkyl imidazolium cations bearing tetrafluoroborate as anions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 22 TC 78 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 31 BP 5381 EP 5383 AR PII S0040-4039(02)01075-4 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01075-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 573TM UT WOS:000176847100002 ER PT J AU Wahab, MA Ali, MA Mottaleb, MA AF Wahab, MA Ali, MA Mottaleb, MA TI Volumetric behaviour of binary liquid mixtures at a temperature of 303.15 K SO BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE excess molar volumes; toluene; nitrobenzene; nitroethane; acetonitrile AB Excess molar volumes (V-m(E)) of binary liquid mixtures: xC(6)H(5)CH(3) + (1-x(1))CH3CN or + (1-x(1))C6H5NO2, or + (1-x(1))C2H5NO2 have been determined as a function of mole fraction Of C6H5CH3 (x) at a temperature of 303.15 K over a entire range of composition. The densities of the binary liquid mixtures were determined by pycnometrically. The V-m(E) values of the mixtures have been found to be negative over the whole composition in order Of C6H5CH3 + C6H5NO2, < C6H5CH3 + CH3CN, and < C6H5CH3 + C2H5NO2. The negative magnitude of V-m(E) suggests the presence of intermolecular interaction in the three binary liquid mixtures. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Coll Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Rajshahi Univ, Dept Chem, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RI wahab, Md Abdul /G-5345-2010 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0253-2964 J9 B KOR CHEM SOC JI Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 7 BP 953 EP 956 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 586UR UT WOS:000177604500010 ER PT J AU Scott, GI Fulton, MH Wirth, EF Chandler, GT Key, PB Daugomah, JW Bearden, D Chung, KW Strozier, ED DeLorenzo, M Sivertsen, S Dias, A Sanders, M Macauley, JM Goodman, LR LaCroix, MW Thayer, GW Kucklick, J AF Scott, GI Fulton, MH Wirth, EF Chandler, GT Key, PB Daugomah, JW Bearden, D Chung, KW Strozier, ED DeLorenzo, M Sivertsen, S Dias, A Sanders, M Macauley, JM Goodman, LR LaCroix, MW Thayer, GW Kucklick, J TI Toxicological studies in tropical ecosystems: An ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticide runoff in South Florida estuarine ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endosulfan; Florida Bay; South Florida; semipermeable membrane devices; oysters; copepods; clams ID BIOASSAY; BAY AB A multiyear study in the C-111 canal system and associated sites in Florida Bay was undertaken to determine the potential pesticide risk that exists in South Florida. After the examination of extensive pesticide concentration data in surface water, tissues, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), canal contamination seems to be derived from the extensive agricultural production that drains into the C-111 canal. The results of this study indicate that runoff from agricultural processes led to quantifiable pesticide residues in both canal and bay surface water, which occasionally exceeded current water quality criteria. The major pesticide of concern was endosulfan, which was detected at 100% of the sites sampled. Endosulfan exposure did not cause any acute effects in fish and crustaceans deployed in field bioassays. Chronic effects were observed in copepods, clams, and oysters but could not be attributed to endosulfan exposure. The decision to alter the C-111 canal flow and allow increased freshwater flow into the adjacent Everglades National Park may result in discharges of pesticides into the Everglades. Continued monitoring in this area is needed during this change in flow regime. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res,Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEEL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci,Ctr Coastal Fisheries, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wirth, EF (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res,Charleston, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM ed.wirth@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4400 EP 4408 AR UNSP JF011356C DI 10.1021/jf011356c PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100040 PM 12105977 ER PT J AU Engel, LS Taioli, E Pfeiffer, R Garcia-Closas, M Marcus, PM Lan, Q Boffetta, P Vineis, P Autrup, H Bell, DA Branch, RA Brockmoller, J Daly, AK Heckbert, SR Kalina, I Kang, DH Katoh, T Lafuente, A Lin, HJ Romkes, M Taylor, JA Rothman, N AF Engel, LS Taioli, E Pfeiffer, R Garcia-Closas, M Marcus, PM Lan, Q Boffetta, P Vineis, P Autrup, H Bell, DA Branch, RA Brockmoller, J Daly, AK Heckbert, SR Kalina, I Kang, DH Katoh, T Lafuente, A Lin, HJ Romkes, M Taylor, JA Rothman, N TI Pooled analysis and meta-analysis of glutathione S-transferase M1 and bladder cancer: A HuGE review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bladder neoplasms; epidemiology; genetics; glutathione transferase ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; LOWER URINARY-TRACT; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; REDUCTION PLANT WORKERS; SMOKING-RELATED CANCERS; GSTM1 NULL GENOTYPE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING AB Smoking is a known risk factor for bladder cancer. The product of the GSTM1 gene, glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), is involved in the detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke; a homozygous deletion of this gene in approximately 50% of Caucasians and Asians results in a lack of GSTM1 enzyme activity. Most studies examining the relation between bladder cancer and GSTM1 have reported an increased risk associated with a lack of GSTM1 activity. The authors performed meta- and pooled analyses of published and unpublished, case-control, genotype-based studies that examined this association (17 studies, 2,149 cases, 3,646 controls) and excluded studies conducted in populations with a high prevalence of exposure to known bladder cancer risk factors other than tobacco smoke. Using random effects models in the meta-analysis, the authors obtained a summary odds ratio of 1.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 1.68) for GSTM1 null status with all studies included. Results from studies with at least 100 cases and 100 controls produced a summary odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.60). Pooled analyses using original data sets from 10 studies (1,496 cases and 1,444 controls) and adjusting for age, sex, and race produced similar results. There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between the GSTM1 null genotype and ever smoking in relation to bladder cancer, although there was a suggestion of additive interaction (additive interaction = 0.45, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.93). These results indicate that, among populations studied to date, GSTM1 null status is associated with a modest increase in the risk of bladder cancer. C1 NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Milan, IRCCS, Milan, Italy. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Univ Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Goettingen, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Gottingen, Germany. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Safarik Univ, Kosice, Slovakia. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Miyazaki Med Coll, Miyazaki 88916, Japan. Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Engel, LS (reprint author), NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 8113, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Pfeiffer, Ruth /F-4748-2011; Daly, Ann/H-3144-2011; Kang, Dae Hee/E-8631-2012; Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /F-3871-2015; OI Daly, Ann/0000-0002-7321-0629; Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /0000-0003-1033-2650; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398 NR 150 TC 154 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 2 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf018 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 574KN UT WOS:000176888600001 PM 12117698 ER PT J AU Birnbaumer, L AF Birnbaumer, L TI TRPC4 knockout mice - The coming of age of TRP channels as gates of calcium entry responsible for cellular responses SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE transient receptor potential; I-CRAC; calcium signaling; phospholipase; endothelial cell function ID DROSOPHILA TRP; MAST-CELLS; CA2+; GENE C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Transmembrane Signaling Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Transmembrane Signaling Grp, Div Intramural Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Birnbaumer, L (reprint author), Bldg 101,Rm A-214,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD JUL 12 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1161/01.RES.0000026600.67226.92 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 575JX UT WOS:000176944100001 PM 12114313 ER PT J AU Swope, DL Harrell, JC Mahato, D Korach, KS AF Swope, DL Harrell, JC Mahato, D Korach, KS TI Genomic structure and identification of a truncated variant message of the mouse estrogen receptor alpha gene SO GENE LA English DT Article DE estradiol; splice variant; steroid hormone receptor; transcription ID MESSENGER-RNA VARIANTS; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOTYPES; LIGAND-BINDING; EXPRESSION; BETA; TISSUES; ORGANIZATION; MICE AB Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that directs the transcription of a wide number of estrogen-regulated genes. ERalpha mediates the effects of 17-beta-estradiol in both males and females, and was the first estrogen receptor identified. Despite the cloning of the mouse ERalpha cDNA over 15 years ago, the precise genomic organization of the mouse ERalpha gene has not yet been elucidated. In order to determine the structure of this gene, overlapping BAC and P1 clones containing partial genomic sequences of the mouse ERalpha cDNA were obtained from a mouse ES cell genomic library. Using standard restriction fragment analysis followed by Southern blotting, the mouse ERalpha gene was determined to be greater than 220 kb in length. The introns vary widely in size, from 1.8 to 60 kb in length. Sequencing of intron-exon boundaries shows that these boundaries are highly conserved between the human and mouse ERalpha genes. Additionally, we have identified a splice variant message of mouse ERalpha arising from a failure to properly splice at the 3' end of exon 4; the resulting message is predicted to produce protein lacking the ligand-binding domain. Variant message was detected by RT-PCR in several tissues, including uterus, ovary, mammary gland, placenta and testis. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reproduct & Dev Toxicol, Receptor Biol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Swope, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Reproduct & Dev Toxicol, Receptor Biol Sect, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Rm E460, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 247 AR PII S0378-1119(02)00796-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00796-5 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 608PK UT WOS:000178855300025 PM 12234686 ER PT J AU Oldham, CE Mohney, RP Miller, SLH Hanes, RN O'Bryan, JP AF Oldham, CE Mohney, RP Miller, SLH Hanes, RN O'Bryan, JP TI The ubiquitin-interacting motifs target the endocytic adaptor protein epsin for ubiquitination SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNAPTIC GROWTH; ENTH DOMAIN; BINDING; CLATHRIN; DEGRADATION; DROSOPHILA; SITES; EPS15 AB The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to proteins is an evolutionarily conserved signal for rapid protein degradation. However, additional cellular functions for ubiquitination are now emerging, including regulation of protein trafficking and endocytosis [1]. For example, recent genetic studies suggested a role for ubiquitination in regulating epsin, a modular endocytic adaptor protein that functions in the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles [2, 3]; however, biochemical evidence for this notion has been lacking. Epsin consists of an epsin NH2-terminal homology (ENTH) domain that promotes the interaction with phospholipids [4], several AP2 binding sites [5], two clathrin binding sequences [6], and several Eps15 homology (EH) domain binding motifs [3]. Interestingly, epsin also possesses several recently described ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs) that have been postulated to bind ubiquitin [7]. Here, we demonstrate that epsin is predominantly monoubiquitinated and resistant to proteasomal degradation. The UIMs are necessary for epsin ubiquitination but are not the site of ubiquitination. Finally, we demonstrate that the isolated UIMs from both epsin and an unrelated monoubiquitinated protein, Eps15 [8], are sufficient to promote ubiquitination of a chimeric glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-UIM fusion protein. Thus, our data suggest that UIMs may serve as a general signal for ubiquitination. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP O'Bryan, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 23 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JUL 9 PY 2002 VL 12 IS 13 BP 1112 EP 1116 AR PII S0960-9822(02)00900-4 DI 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00900-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 574YA UT WOS:000176916900021 PM 12121618 ER PT J AU Keh, CCK Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS Li, CJ AF Keh, CCK Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS Li, CJ TI Direct formation of tetrahydropyranols via catalysis in ionic liquid SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRINS-TYPE CYCLIZATION; ACID PROMOTED CONDENSATION; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; DIASTEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT; SCANDIUM TRIFLATE; LEWIS-ACIDS; ETHERS; DIHYDROPYRANS; ALLYLSILANES AB Utilizing a simple homoallyl alcohol and an aldehyde in the presence of a catalytic amount of cerium triflate, the direct stereoselective formation of tetrahydropyranol derivatives in ionic liquid is reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 28 BP 4993 EP 4996 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00889-4 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00889-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 567HJ UT WOS:000176479100025 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF AF Hughes, MF TI Arsenic toxicity and potential mechanisms of action SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Toxicology CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA DE arsenic; toxicity; mechanisms ID DNA-STRAND BREAKS; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); COPPER SMELTER EMPLOYEES; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; SODIUM ARSENITE; INORGANIC ARSENICS; CYTO-TOXICITY; PENTAVALENT ARSENICALS AB Exposure to the metalloid arsenic is a daily occurrence because of its environmental pervasiveness. Arsenic, which is found in several different chemical forms and oxidation states, causes acute and chronic adverse health effects, including cancer. The metabolism of arsenic has an important role in its toxicity. The metabolism involves reduction to a trivalent state and oxidative methylation to a pentavalent state. The trivalent arsenicals, including those methylated, have more potent toxic properties than the pentavalent arsenicals. The exact mechanism of the action of arsenic is not known, but several hypotheses have been proposed. At a biochemical level, inorganic arsenic in the pentavalent state may replace phosphate in several reactions. In the trivalent state, inorganic and organic (methylated) arsenic may react with critical thiols in proteins and inhibit their activity. Regarding cancer, potential mechanisms include genotoxicity, altered DNA methylation, oxidative stress, altered cell proliferation, co-carcinogenesis, and tumor promotion. A better understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of arsenic will make a more confident determination of the risks associated with exposure to this chemical. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 134 TC 595 Z9 629 U1 27 U2 198 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00084-X DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00084-X PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 575QM UT WOS:000176959200002 PM 12076506 ER PT J AU Ahmad, S Kitchin, KT Cullen, WR AF Ahmad, S Kitchin, KT Cullen, WR TI Plasmid DNA damage caused by methylated arsenicals, ascorbic acid and human liver ferritin SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Toxicology CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA DE arsenic; iron; human liver ferritin; DNA damage; reactive oxygen species; dimethylarsinous acid; DMA(111) ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS; INORGANIC ARSENICS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; STRAND BREAKS; MICE; IRON; CARCINOGENESIS; INDUCTION AB Both dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) release iron from human liver ferritin (HLF) with or without the presence of ascorbic acid. With ascorbic acid the rate of iron release from HLF by DMA(V) was intermediate (3.37 nM/min, P < 0.05) and by DMA(III) was much higher (16.3 nM/min, P < 0.001). No pBR322 plasmid DNA damage was observed from in vitro exposure to arsenate (iAs(V)), arsenite (iAs(III)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) or DMA(V) alone. DNA damage was observed following DMA(III) exposure; coexposure to DMA(III) and HLF caused more DNA damage; considerably higher amounts of DNA damage was caused by coexposure of DMA(III), HLF and ascorbic acid. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (an iron chelator), significantly inhibited DNA damage. Addition of catalase (which can increase Fe2+ concentrations) further increased the plasmid DNA damage. Iron-dependent DNA damage could be a mechanism of action of human arsenic carcinogenesis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Div Basic Med Sci, Macon, GA 31207 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 49 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00079-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00079-6 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 575QM UT WOS:000176959200005 PM 12076509 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Graves, LM Gill, GN Parsons, SJ Samet, JM AF Wu, WD Graves, LM Gill, GN Parsons, SJ Samet, JM TI Src-dependent phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor on tyrosine 845 is required for zinc-induced Ras activation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; FACTOR EGF RECEPTOR; C-SRC; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; MITOGENIC RESPONSIVENESS; INTRACELLULAR CA2+; SH3 DOMAINS; KINASE AB Previous studies have shown that exposure of cells to Zn2+ ions induces Ras and MAPK activation through the EGF receptor (EGFR). To further determine the role of EGFR in Zn2+-induced signaling, mouse B82L fibroblasts expressing no detectable EGFR protein (B82L-par), wild type EGFR (B82L-wt), kinase-deficient EGFR (B82L-K721M), or COOH-truncated EGFR (B82L-c'958) were tested. Exposure to Zn2+ induced Ras activity in B82L-wt, B82L-K721M, and B82L-c'958 but not in B82L-par cells, indicating that the tyrosine kinase domain and the auto-phosphorylation sites of the EGFR were not required for Zn2+-induced Ras activation. Zn2+ induced Src activation in all B82L cell lines, including B82L-par, indicating that Src activation is independent of the presence of the EGFR. A Src kinase inhibitor blocked Zn2+-induced Ras activation in all the B82L cell lines capable of this response, suggesting the involvement of Src kinase in Zn2+-induced Ras activation via the EGFR. Zn2+ induced the association of the EGFR with Src and specifically increased the phosphorylation of EGFR at tyrosine 845 (Tyr-845), a known Src phosphorylation site. Stably transfected B82L cells with a point mutation of the EGFR at Tyr-845 (B82L-Y845F) exhibited only basal Ras activity following exposure to Zn2+. These data demonstrate that Src-dependent phosphorylation of the EGFR at Tyr-845 is required for EGFR transactivation and Zn2+-induced Ras activation. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab ORD MD58A, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Virginia, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Canc, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Ctr Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab ORD MD58A, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 66 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 5 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 27 BP 24252 EP 24257 DI 10.1074/jbc.M200437200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 569PV UT WOS:000176611800037 PM 11983694 ER PT J AU Eisner, AD Heist, DK Drake, ZE Mitchell, WJ Weiner, RW AF Eisner, AD Heist, DK Drake, ZE Mitchell, WJ Weiner, RW TI On the impact of the human (child) microclimate on passive aerosol monitor performance SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; SAMPLERS; HEALTH; BODY; AIR AB Research into the wind microclimate and its effect on the accuracy and effectiveness of passive aerosol monitors is expanding as the importance of personal monitoring versus regional monitoring increases. The important phenomena for investigation include thermal and dynamic effects of the human body, contaminant dispersion around a human body and within a building complex, and the wind environment within a building (indoor/ outdoor) complex. This paper demonstrates that the microclimate around the human body plays a critical role in contaminant transport near the body and thus can affect particle concentration measurements by personal samplers. C1 ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eisner, AD (reprint author), ManTech Environm Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 7 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1080/0278682029009250 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 557HG UT WOS:000175902600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS TI Aerosol deposition efficiencies and upstream release positions for different inhalation modes in an upper bronchial airway model SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; INSPIRATORY FLOW; BIFURCATIONS; PATTERNS AB Accurate predictions of micron- particle deposition patterns and surface concentrations in lung airways are most desirable for researchers assessing health effects of toxic particles or those concerned with inhalation delivery of therapeutic aerosols. Focusing on a rigid, symmetric triple bifurcation lung airway model, i. e., Weibel's generations G3 - G6, a user- enhanced and experimentally validated finite volume program has been employed to simulate the airflow and particle transport under transient laminar three-dimensional flow conditions. Specifically, the effects of 3 inhalation modes, i. e., resting and light and moderate activities, were analyzed for typical ranges of Stokes numbers (St less than or equal to 0. 2) and Reynolds numbers (0 less than or equal to Re less than or equal to 2100). The detailed results show particle deposition patterns and efficiencies in the triple bifurcation under cyclic as well as steady- state inhalation conditions. Cyclic inhalation generates higher local and segmentally- averaged deposition rates when compared to steady mean Reynolds number inhalation; however, matching Stokes and Reynolds numbers, i. e., the average between mean and peak values, were found to provide fully equivalent results for all inhalation modes and bifurcations. In addition, particle maps were developed that show the release positions of deposited aerosols. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 7 BP 828 EP 844 DI 10.1080/02786820290092078 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 557HG UT WOS:000175902600003 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Suliman, HB Carter, JD Abushamaa, AM Folz, RJ AF Ghio, AJ Suliman, HB Carter, JD Abushamaa, AM Folz, RJ TI Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase decreases lung injury after exposure to oil fly ash SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic mice; particles; free radicals; vanadium ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; POLLUTION PARTICLE; IN-VIVO; MITOGEN; PHOSPHATASE AB The mechanism of tissue injury after exposure to air pollution particles is not known. The biological effect has been postulated to be mediated via an oxidative stress catalyzed by metals present in particulate matter (PM). We utilized a transgenic (Tg) mouse model that overexpresses extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) to test the hypothesis that lung injury after exposure to PM results from an oxidative stress in the lower respiratory tract. Wild-type (Wt) and Tg mice were intratracheally instilled with either saline or 50 mug of residual oil fly ash (ROFA). Twenty-four hours later, specimens were obtained and included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung for both homogenization and light histopathology. After ROFA exposure, EC-SOD Tg mice showed a significant reduction in BAL total cell counts (composed primarily of neutrophils) and BAL total protein compared with Wt. EC-SOD animals also demonstrated diminished concentrations of inflammatory mediators in BAL. There was no statistically significant difference in BAL lipid peroxidation; however, EC-SOD mice had lower concentrations of oxidized glutathione in the BAL. We conclude that enhanced EC-SOD expression decreased both lung inflammation and damage after exposure to ROFA. This supports a participation of oxidative stress in the inflammatory injury after PM exposure rather than reflecting a response to metals alone. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Folz, RJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Box 2620,Rm 331 MSRB, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-64894]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-08698] NR 36 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 283 IS 1 BP L211 EP L218 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00409.2001 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 561JX UT WOS:000176138000025 PM 12060579 ER PT J AU De Borba, BM Urbansky, ET AF De Borba, BM Urbansky, ET TI Validation of a US EPA method for the ion chromatographic determination of perchlorate in fertilizers using a polyvinyl alcohol gel resin SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER C1 Metrohm Peak Inc, Houston, TX 77034 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP De Borba, BM (reprint author), Metrohm Peak Inc, 12521 Gulf Freeway, Houston, TX 77034 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 34 IS 15 BP 14 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 579UD UT WOS:000177195500002 ER PT J AU Patterson, DB Brumley, WC Kelliher, V Ferguson, PL AF Patterson, DB Brumley, WC Kelliher, V Ferguson, PL TI Application of US EPA methods to the analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Determination of clofibric acid in sewage effluent by GC-MS SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESIDUES AB Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites and personal care products are an emerging group of compounds under study as environmental contaminants. Among potential analytes of this type is the widely distributed clofibric acid, a metabolite of various lipid regulators. This paper describes a determination of this acid in the sewage effluent of a major southwestern U.S. city. C1 US EPA, Senior Environm Employment Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Patterson, DB (reprint author), US EPA, Senior Environm Employment Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 34 IS 14 BP 20 EP + PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 578GX UT WOS:000177110000003 ER PT J AU Hemmer, MJ Bowman, CJ Hemmer, BL Friedman, SD Marcovich, D Kroll, KJ Denslow, ND AF Hemmer, MJ Bowman, CJ Hemmer, BL Friedman, SD Marcovich, D Kroll, KJ Denslow, ND TI Vitellogenin mRNA regulation and plasma clearance in male sheepshead minnows, (Cyprinodon variegatus) after cessation of exposure to 17 beta-estradiol and p-nonylphenol SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; vitellogenin; mRNA; nonylphenol; 17 beta-estradiol; endocrine disruption ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VIVO; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS AB Research was conducted to determine the kinetics of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA regulation and plasma VTG accumulation and clearance in male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) during and after cessation of exposure to either 17beta-estradiol (E2) or para-nonylphenol (NP). Adult fish were continuously exposed to aqueous measured concentrations of 0.089 and 0.71 mug E2 per 1, and 5.6 and 59.6 mug NP per I for 16 days using an intermittent flow-through dosing apparatus. Fish were sampled on days 8 and 16 of exposure followed by sampling at discrete intervals for up to 96 days post-exposure, At each interval five fish were randomly sampled from each concentration and hepatic VTG mRNA and serum VTG levels for individual fish determined by slot blot and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Exposure to E2 and NP resulted in a dose dependent increase in hepatic VTG mRNA and plasma VTG over the course of the 16-day exposure period. Mean plasma VTG levels at day 16 were > 100 mg/ml for both high doses of E2 and NP, and > 20 mg/ml for the low exposure treatments. Within 8 days post-exposure, hepatic VTG mRNA levels returned to baseline in both high and low E2 treatments but remained elevated 2-4 fold in the NP treatments. Due to a shortened sampling period, a clearance rate for plasma VTG in the 5.6 mug NP per I treatment could not determined. In the 0.089, 0.71 mug E2 per 1, and 59.6 mug NP per I treatments, VTG levels began decreasing within 4 days after exposure cessation and exhibited an exponential rate of elimination from plasma. Clearance rates for 0.71 mug E2 per I and 59.6 mug NP per I were not significantly different (P = 0.47), however, both demonstrated significantly higher rates of clearance (P < 0.02) than observed in the 0.089 mug E2 per I treatment. Our results indicate that hepatic VTG mRNA rapidly diminishes after cessation of estrogenic exposure in sheepshead minnows, but plasma VTG clearance is concentration and time dependent and may be detected at measurable levels for months after initial exposure to an estrogenic compound. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hemmer, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 48 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 112 AR PII S0166-445X(01)00238-7 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00238-7 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 551DR UT WOS:000175544700007 PM 12062157 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Weber, DL Moore, JC AF Lewis, MA Weber, DL Moore, JC TI An evaluation of the use of colonized periphyton as an indicator of wastewater impact in near-coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILL EFFLUENTS; PULP; MICROALGAE; QUALITY; BAY AB Receiving water impacts of point source discharges to the Gulf of Mexico are seldom reported on indigenous flora. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of colonized periphyton to provide this information. Water quality and biomass and pigment concentrations of the periphyton were determined at 27 stations located above and below 8 wastewater discharges. Most physicochemical parameters and concentrations of pesticides and PCBs were either unchanged or below detection in the receiving waters, which contrasted occasional increases in concentrations of several trace metals and nutrients. The response of the periphyton was specific to the wastewater, colonization station, response parameter, and colonization period. Statistically significant differences in biomass and pigment content occurred for at least one colonization station located below each of the eight outfalls. This represented a total of 18 of the 21 stations located in wastewater-impacted areas. Phytostimulation was more common than inhibition. Ash-free dry weight increased, on average, by 181% (+/- 1 SD = 123%) and chlorophyll a increased by 356% (+/-593%) in wastewater-impacted areas. The in situ phytostimulation paralleled the stimulatory trend observed in standardized NPDES whole effluent tests conducted with cultured microalgae for four of eight wastewaters. The use of colonized periphyton as an indicator of wastewater impact was not simple. Spatial variation in response needs consideration to ensure relevancy of the results if this assessment methodology is used for near-coastal wastewater hazard evaluations. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lewis.michael@epa.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00244-001-0054-x PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 560CL UT WOS:000176064200002 PM 12045869 ER PT J AU Poor, N Clark, T Nye, L Tamanini, T Tate, K Stevens, R Atkeson, T AF Poor, N Clark, T Nye, L Tamanini, T Tate, K Stevens, R Atkeson, T TI Field performance of dichotomous sequential PM air samplers SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE relative standard deviation; relative precision; PM2.5; PM10; technical merit ID POLLUTION; MORTALITY; CITIES AB For over one year, the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPCHC) in Tampa, Florida, operated two dichotomous sequential particulate matter air samplers collocated with a manual Federal Reference Method (FRM) air sampler at a waterfront site on Tampa Bay. The FRM was alternately configured as a PM2.5, then as a PM10 sampler. For the dichotomous sampler measurements, daily 24-h integrated PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 ambient air samples were collected at a total flow rate of 16.71 min(-1). A virtual impactor split the air into flow rates of 1.67 and 15.01 min(-1) onto PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 47-mm diameter PTFE(R) filters, respectively. Between the two dichotomous air samplers, the average concentration, relative bias and relative precision were 13.3 mug m(-3), 0.02% and 5.2% for PM2.5 concentrations (n = 282), and 12.3 mug m(-3), 3.9% and 7.7% for PM10-2.5 concentrations (n = 282). FRM measurements were alternate day 24-h integrated PM2.5 or PM10 ambient air samples collected onto 47-mm diameter PTFE(R) filters at a flow rate of 16.71 min(-1). Between a dichotomous and a PM2.5 FRM air sampler, the average concentration, relative bias and relative precision were 12.4 mug m(-3), -5.6% and 8.2% (n = 43); and between a dichotomous and a PM10 FRM air sampler, the average concentration, relative bias and relative precision were 25.71 mug m(-3), -4.0% and 5.8% (n = 102). The PM2.5 concentration measurement standard errors were 0.95, 0.79 and 1.02 mug m(-3); for PM10 to the standard errors were 1.06, 1.59, and 1.70 mug m(-3) for two dichotomous and one FRM samplers, respectively, which indicate the dichotomous samplers have superior technical merit. These results reveal the potential for the dichotomous sequential air sampler to replace the combination of the PM2.5 and PM10 FRM air samplers, offering the capability of making simultaneous, self-consistent determinations of these particulate matter fractions in a routine ambient monitoring mode. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Environm Protect Commiss Hillsborough Cty, Tampa, FL 33605 USA. US EPA, FDEP Mercury Program, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Poor, N (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 20 BP 3289 EP 3298 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00304-7 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00304-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 582GU UT WOS:000177342100007 ER PT J AU Alexander, R Green, R Sebelius, J AF Alexander, R Green, R Sebelius, J TI GIS mapping - Role of composting in forest fire management and prevention SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 R Alexander Associates Inc, Apex, NC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA forest Serv Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Alexander, R (reprint author), R Alexander Associates Inc, Apex, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JUL PY 2002 VL 43 IS 7 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 580TP UT WOS:000177251500024 ER PT J AU Ostermeier, GC Dix, DJ Krawetz, SA AF Ostermeier, GC Dix, DJ Krawetz, SA TI A bioinformatic strategy to rapidly characterize cDNA libraries SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA MICROARRAY; PATTERNS; GENOME AB Motivation: Complementary DNA libraries can define the genetic constituents of specific cells and/or tissues. Their sequencing will illuminate the transcriptome but it is a monumental task requiring considerable resources. Results: We have employed a computational search in conjunction with a microarray-based strategy to alleviate the impediments of deriving a consensus of records that describe testis gene expression. This strategy identified 5681 unique testes-expressed genes of which 3265 were previously portrayed in the UniGene database. Interestingly, a total of 2416 novel testes-expressed genes were identified. This clearly demonstrates that microarrays can be used to rapidly discover a large number of new transcripts. C1 Wayne State Univ, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Inst Comp Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Krawetz, SA (reprint author), 253 CS Mott Ctr,275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM steve@compbio.med.wayne.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36512] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 7 BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.7.949 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 574VW UT WOS:000176911100007 PM 12117792 ER PT J AU Meyerson, LA Reaser, JK AF Meyerson, LA Reaser, JK TI Biosecurity: Moving toward a comprehensive approach SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED PLANTS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RISKS; AGRICULTURE; INVASIONS; ECOLOGY C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Invas Species Council, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Meyerson, LA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2002 VL 52 IS 7 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0593:BMTACA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 571JL UT WOS:000176714200013 ER PT J AU Desai, D Sharma, AK Lin, JM Krzeminski, J Pimentel, M El-Bayoumy, K Nesnow, S Amin, S AF Desai, D Sharma, AK Lin, JM Krzeminski, J Pimentel, M El-Bayoumy, K Nesnow, S Amin, S TI Synthesis, in vitro metabolism, cell transformation, mutagenicity, and DNA adduction of dibenzo[c,mno]chrysene SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; MOUSE SKIN; POSTCONFLUENCE INHIBITION; COUPLING REACTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BENZOPYRENE; DIBENZOPYRENE; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Due to its structural similarity with the potent carcinogen dibenzo [a,L] pyrene (DB [a,l]P) and because of its environmental presence, dibenzo[c,mno]chrysene (naphtho[1,2-a]pyrene, N[1,2-a]P) is of considerable research interest. We therefore developed an efficient synthesis of N[1,2-a]P, and examined its in vitro metabolism by male Sprague Dawley rat liver S9 fraction. Its mutagenic activity in S. typhimurium TA 100 and its morphological cell transforming ability in mouse embryo fibroblasts were evaluated. On the basis of spectral analyses, the in vitro major metabolites were identified as the fjord region dihydrodiol trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-N[1,2-a]P (N[1,2-a]P-9,10-dihydrodiol), the K-region diols N[1,2-a]P-4,5-dihydrodiol and N[1,2-a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol, and also the 1-, 3-, and 10-hydroxy-N[1,2-a]P; the structure of N[1,2-a]P-9,10-dihydrodiol was also confirmed by independent synthesis. In assays with S. typhimurium TA 100, N[1,2-a]P-9,10-dihydrodiol was half as mutagenic as (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol) at greater than or equal to4 nmol/plate. N[1,2-a]P-9,10-dihydrodiol was much more mutagenic than N[1,2-a]P at all dose levels, suggesting that the N[1,2-a]P-9,10-dihydrodiol is the likely proximate mutagen of N[1,2-a]P. Evaluation of morphological cell transformation in C3H10T1/2C18 mouse embryo fibroblasts revealed that N[1,2-a]P was comparable to B[a]P. We further examined the pattern of in vitro adduct formation between calf thymus DNA and (+/-)-anti-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-11,12-epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydro-N[1,2-a]P (N[1,2-a]PDE) and found that dG-adduct formation is 2.9-fold greater than dA-adduct formation. On the basis of our results and those reported in the literature, our working hypothesis is that N[1,2-a]P may be added to the list of potent carcinogens that includes DB [a,l]P. This hypothesis is currently being tested in our laboratory. C1 Amer Hlth Fdn, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Desai, D (reprint author), Amer Hlth Fdn, 1 Dana Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CB-77022-75, CA-17613] NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 7 BP 964 EP 971 DI 10.1021/tx0200111 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 575UP UT WOS:000176967100011 PM 12119008 ER PT J AU Ryba, SA Burgess, RM AF Ryba, SA Burgess, RM TI Effects of sample preparation on the measurement of organic carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen concentrations in marine sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE acidification; organic carbon; elemental analysis; marine sediment; nitrogen; sulfur; carbonate removal; hydrogen; oxygen ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANALYZER; MATTER; LAKE AB The elemental composition of marine sediment provides useful information for the study of environmental processes including biogeochemical cycling and contaminant partitioning. it is common practice to acidify marine sediment samples to remove carbonate before measuring the concentrations of organic carbon (C). To date, however the effects of acidification on the concentrations of hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) in marine sediments have not been explicitly addressed. Acidification may contaminate or alter the sediment samples and create experimental artifacts affecting the validity of resulting H/C, CIN and O/C ratios. The objective of this study was to quantify how various preparation techniques affect the measured concentrations of C, H, N, S and O in marine sediments. Effects of four different pretreatments: unacidified (whole), acidification by HCl vapor, acidification by direct addition of HCl, and combustion were evaluated using five marine sediments and a standard reference material. The magnitude of carbonate loss between the vapor and direct acidification treatments was evaluated using stable C isotope analysis. Carbonates were most effectively removed by direct addition of HCl; and our results agree with findings of other studies which found direct addition of HCl to be the most accurate method for measuring organic C. However, the acid treatments elevated the apparent concentration of H and O; and in a few cases concentrations of N and S were significantly affected by acidification. In general, combustion significantly reduced all elemental concentrations compared to the whole sample. Based on these results, we recommend analysis of the untreated whole sediment for determining N, H, O, and S. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Ryba, SA (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ryba.stephan@epa.gov NR 21 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00027-9 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00027-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569AB UT WOS:000176576200017 PM 12137051 ER PT J AU Schroeter, JD Fleming, JS Hwang, DM Martonen, TB AF Schroeter, JD Fleming, JS Hwang, DM Martonen, TB TI A computer model of lung morphology to analyze SPECT images SO COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE lung morphology; computer simulation; single photon emission computed tomography analysis; aerosol deposition; airway quantification ID PULMONARY DEPOSITION; AEROSOL PENETRATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; INHALED AEROSOL; AIRWAY TREE; SIMULATIONS; CLEARANCE; PLANAR AB Measurement of the spatial distribution of aerosol deposition in human lungs can be performed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). To relate deposition patterns to real lung structures, a computer model of the airway network has been developed. Computer simulations are presented that are compatible with the analysis of SPECT images. Computational techniques that are consistent with clinical procedures are used to analyze airways by type and number within transverse slices of the lung volume. The computer models serve as customized templates, which when analyzed alongside gamma scintigraphy images, can assist in the interpretation of human test data. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-6111 J9 COMPUT MED IMAG GRAP JI Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 237 EP 246 AR PII S0895-6111(02)00014-9 DI 10.1016/S0895-6111(02)00014-9 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 576UC UT WOS:000177023200004 PM 12074918 ER PT J AU Dunty, WC Zucker, RM Sulik, KK AF Dunty, WC Zucker, RM Sulik, KK TI Hindbrain and cranial nerve dysmorphogenesis result from acute maternal ethanol administration SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetal alcohol syndrome; neuroteratogenicity; ethanol; apoptosis; hindbrain; cranial nerve; sensory ganglia ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; NEURAL CREST CELLS; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; MOUSE EMBRYOS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ECTODERMAL PLACODES; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; BRANCHIAL NERVES; CHICK HINDBRAIN; ANIMAL-MODELS AB Acute exposure of mouse embryos to ethanol during stages of hindbrain segmentation results in excessive cell death in specific cell populations. This study details the ethanol-induced cell loss and defines the subsequent effects of this early insult on rhombomere and cranial nerve development. Ethanol at a teratogenic dosage (2.9 g/kg) or a comparable volume of vehicle was administered in each of two intraperitoneal injections to pregnant C57BL/6J mice on gestational day (GD) 8, 8 h, and GD 8, 12 h (defined hereafter as GD 8.5). Ethanol-exposed GD 9 embryos, visualized in three dimensions using laser scanning confocal microscopy of LysoTracker Red fluorescence or Nile blue sulphate vital staining, displayed excessive apoptosis in the rostral hindbrain, specifically within rhombomeres 1-3, as well as in cranial neural crest cells and ectodermal placodes. Comparably treated embryos examined on GD 10.5-11 illustrated a disproportionate reduction in the length of the rostral hindbrain. Examination of plastic histological sections of GD 9 embryos and via scanning electron microscopy on GD 10 revealed deficiencies in the hindbrain, with a phenotype including abnormal rhombomere segmentation and an extremely small fourth ventricular roofplate. Whole-mount antineurofilament immunohistochemistry on GD 10.5 and GD 11 illustrated a variety of cranial nerve abnormalities ranging from fused or absent ganglia to ectopic or disorganized fibers. In addition, a delay in the development of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve/ganglia complex was observed. These hindbrain and cranial nerve abnormalities are discussed in the context of the genesis of human alcohol-related birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorder. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ N Carolina, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sulik, KK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA11605]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-07244] NR 84 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-5866 J9 DEV NEUROSCI-BASEL JI Dev. Neurosci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 328 EP 342 DI 10.1159/000066748 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 629BV UT WOS:000180031300009 PM 12457071 ER PT J AU Flaherty, S Wark, S Street, G Farley, JW Brumley, WC AF Flaherty, S Wark, S Street, G Farley, JW Brumley, WC TI Investigation of capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence as a tool in the characterization of sewage effluent for fluorescent acids: Determination of salicylic acid SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; fluorescent acids; salicylic acid; sevage effluent ID ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY AB The investigation of emerging contaminant issues is a proactive effort in environmental analysis. As a part of this effort, sewage effluent is of current analytical interest because of the presence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites and personal care products. The environmental impact of these components is still under investigation but their constant perfusion into receiving waters and their potential effect on biota is of concern. This paper examines a tool for the characterization of sewage effluent using capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) with a frequency-doubled laser operated in the ultraviolet (UV). Fluorescent acidic analytes are targeted because they present special problems for techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) but are readily accessible to CE-LIF As an example of the application of this tool, salicylic acid is determined near the 100 ng/L (7 x 10(-10) M) level in sewage effluent. Salicylic acid is a metabolite of various analgesics. Relatively stable in the environment, it is a common contaminant of municipal sewage systems. Salicylic acid was recovered from freshly collected samples of the effluent by liquid-liquid extraction. Confirmation of identity was by electron ionization GC-MS after conversion of the salicylic acid to the methyl ester by means of trimethylsilyldiazomethane. CE-LIF in the UV has revealed more than 50 individual peaks in the extract and a background response that suggests a large and indeterminate number of additional compounds are present. These data together with complementary techniques provide information on the complexity and components in these effluent streams. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Farley, JW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Campus Box 454002,4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 14 BP 2327 EP 2332 AR UNSP EL 4983 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200207)23:14<2327::AID-ELPS2327>3.0.CO;2-K PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 582EP UT WOS:000177337000023 PM 12210239 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC AF Sidle, WC TI O-18(SO4) and O-18(H2O) as prospective indicators of elevated arsenic in the Goose River ground-watershed, Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; crystalline rock; oxygen isotope; Maine; sulfate ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; NATURAL-WATERS; SULFATE; OXIDATION; SULFUR; GEOCHEMISTRY; STABILITY; BACTERIAL; PYRITE AB Anomalous geogenic arsenic occurs in drinking water from the Goose River crystalline ground-watershed in mid-coastal Maine. Isotope investigations were useful in understanding release areas of arsenic into affected water wells. The isotope composition of sulfate associated with probable arsenian pyrite oxidation is described. Correlation of delta(18)O(SO4) enrichment [+4.57 to +7.46%o Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW)] is discussed with specific and recurring areas of elevated arsenic (10-52 mug l(-1)). Although arsenic concentrations were highly variable over 2 years per well, delta(18)O(SO4), values were always consistent and suggested a specific and consistent risk for elevated arsenic occurrences for each well. The delta(18)O values in the water molecule (-12.07 to -8.81%o VSMOW) and the delta(18)O(SO4), values may serve as prospective indicators of prominent zones of aeration at depth in discrete fracture zones. The delta(18)O values in the water molecule and sulfate ion appear to indicate that more than 60% of O-2 incorporated into the SO42- ion are from dissolved oxygen and belong to distinct fractured areas. These aeration zones or oxidation fronts, as outlined by oxygen isotopes, are sentinels for high arsenic risk in groundwater. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Isotope Hydrol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, Isotope Hydrol Lab, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 4 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0558-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 579YX UT WOS:000177207700004 ER PT J AU Schreiber, JS Hudnell, HK Geller, AM House, DE Aldous, KM Force, MS Langguth, K Prohonic, EJ Parker, JC AF Schreiber, JS Hudnell, HK Geller, AM House, DE Aldous, KM Force, MS Langguth, K Prohonic, EJ Parker, JC TI Apartment residents' and day care workers' exposures to tetrachloroethylene and deficits in visual contrast sensitivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE color discrimination; human exposure; perchloroethylene; tetrachlorethylene; vision; visual contrast sensitivity ID COLOR-VISION LOSS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STYRENE-EXPOSED WORKERS; RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MICROELECTRONICS WORKERS; OCULAR HYPERTENSION; OPTIC NEUROPATHY; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; DRY CLEANERS AB Tetrachloroethylene (also called perchloroethylene, or perc), a volatile organic compound, has been the predominant solvent used by the dry-cleaning industry for many years, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified perc as a hazardous air pollutant because of its potential adverse impact on human health. Several occupational studies have indicated that chronic, airborne perc exposure adversely affects neurobehavioral functions in workers, particularly visual color discrimination and tasks dependent on rapid visual-information processing. A 1995 study by Altmann and colleagues extended these findings, indicating that environmental perc exposure at a mean level of 4,980 pg/m(3) (median=1,360 mug/m(3)) alters neurobehavioral functions in residents living near dry-cleaning facilities. Although the U.S. EPA has not yet set a reference concentration guideline level for environmental exposure to airborne perc, the New York State Department of Health set an air quality guideline of 100 mug/m(3). In the current residential study, we investigated the potential for perc exposure and neurologic effects, using a battery of visual-system function tests, among healthy members of six families living in two apartment buildings in New York City that contained dry-cleaning facilities on the ground floors. In addition, a day care investigation assessed the potential for perc exposure and effects among workers at a day care center located in the same one-story building as a dry-cleaning facility. Results from the residential study showed a mean exposure level of 778 mug/m(3) perc in indoor air for a mean of 5.8 years, and that perc levels in breath, blood, and urine were 1-2 orders of magnitude in excess of background values. Group-mean visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), a measure of the ability to detect visual patterns, was significantly reduced in the 17 exposed study participants relative to unexposed matched-control participants. The groups did not differ in visual acuity, suggesting that the VCS deficit was of neurologic origin. Healthy workers in the day care investigation were chronically exposed to airborne perc at a mean of 2,150 mug/m(3) for a mean of 4.0 years. Again, group-mean VCS, measured 6 weeks after exposure cessation, was significantly reduced in the nine exposed workers relative to matched controls, and the groups did not differ significantly in visual acuity. These results suggested that chronic, environmental exposure to airborne perc adversely affects neurobehavioral function in healthy individuals. Further research is needed to assess the susceptibility of the young and elderly to perc-induced effects, to determine whether persistent solvent-induced VCS deficits are a risk factor for the development of neurologic disease, and to identify the no observable adverse effect level for chronic, environmental, perc exposure in humans. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. State New York Off Attorney Gen, Albany, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Troy, NY USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hudnell, HK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 102 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 7 BP 655 EP 664 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 585VZ UT WOS:000177546400025 PM 12117642 ER PT J AU Gordon, SM Wallace, LA Brinkman, MC Callahan, PJ Kenny, DV AF Gordon, SM Wallace, LA Brinkman, MC Callahan, PJ Kenny, DV TI Volatile organic compounds as breath biomarkers for active and passive smoking SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE active smoking; benzene; 1,3-butadiene; decay; 2,5-dimethylfuran; environmental tobacco smoke; exhaled breath; passive smoking; pharmacokinetics; real time; uptake ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FILTERED-NOISE FIELDS; BUTYL ETHER MTBE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; BENZENE EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; MAJOR SOURCES AB We used real-time breath measurement technology to investigate the suitability of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as breath biomarkers for active and passive smoking and to measure actual exposures and resulting breath concentrations for persons exposed to tobacco smoke. Experiments were conducted with five smoker/nonsmoker pairs. The target VOCs included benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and the cigarette smoke biomarker 25-dimethylfuran. This study includes what we believe to be the first measurements of 1,3-butadiene in smokers' and nonsmokers' breath. The 1,3-butadiene and 2,5-dimethylfuran peak levels in the smokers' breath were similar (360 and 3176 mug/m(3), respectively); the average benzene peak level was 522 mug/m(3). We found higher peak values of the target chemicals and shorter residence times in the body than previously reported, probably because of the improved time resolution made possible by the continuous breath measurement method. The real-time breath analyzer also showed the presence of the chemicals after exposure in the breath of the nonsmokers, but at greatly reduced levels. Single breath samples collected in evacuated canisters and analyzed independently with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of the target compounds in the postexposure breath of the nonsmokers but indicated that there was some contamination of the breath analyzer measurements. This was likely caused by desorption of organics from condensed tar in the analyzer tubing and on the quartz fiber filter used to remove particles. We used the decay data from the smokers to estimate residence times for the target chemicals. A two-compartment exponential model generally gave a better fit to the experimental decay data from the smokers than a single-compartment model. Residence times for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and 2,5-dimethylfuran ranged from 0.5 (1,3-butadiene) to 0.9 min (benzene) for tau(1), and were essentially constant (14 min) for tau(2). These findings will be useful in models of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and risk. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Reston, VA USA. RP Gordon, SM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 66 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 7 BP 689 EP 698 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 585VZ UT WOS:000177546400029 PM 12117646 ER PT J AU Lioy, PJ Weisel, CP Millette, JR Eisenreich, S Vallero, D Offenberg, J Buckley, B Turpin, B Zhong, MH Cohen, MD Prophete, C Yang, I Stiles, R Chee, G Johnson, W Porcja, R Alimokhtari, S Hale, RC Weschler, C Chen, LC AF Lioy, PJ Weisel, CP Millette, JR Eisenreich, S Vallero, D Offenberg, J Buckley, B Turpin, B Zhong, MH Cohen, MD Prophete, C Yang, I Stiles, R Chee, G Johnson, W Porcja, R Alimokhtari, S Hale, RC Weschler, C Chen, LC TI Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in Lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; inorganic components; morphologic characterization; organic components; World Trade Center ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NEW-JERSEY; DUST; EXPOSURE AB The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers, residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September 2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC on 16 and 17 September 200 1; these samples are representative of the generated material that settled immediately after the explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures. We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle Size, for inorganic and organic composition. In the inorganic analyses, we identified metals, radionuclides, ionic species, asbestos, and inorganic species. In the organic analyses, we identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, pesticides, phthallate esters, brominated diphenyl ethers, and other hydrocarbons. Each sample had a basic pH. Asbestos levels ranged from 0.8% to 3.0% of the mass, the PAHs were >0.1% of the mass, and lead ranged from 101 to 625 mug/g. The content and distribution of material was indicative of a complex mixture of building debris and combustion products in the resulting plume. These three samples were composed primarily of construction materials, soot, paint (leaded and unleaded), and glass fibers (mineral wool and fiberglass). Levels of hydrocarbons indicated unburned or partially burned jet fuel, plastic, cellulose, and other materials that were ignited by the fire. In morphologic analyses we found that a majority of the mass was fibrous and composed of many types of fibers (e.g., mineral wool, fiberglass, asbestos, wood, paper, and cotton). The particles were separated into size classifications by gravimetric and aerodynamic methods. Material < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter was 0.88-1.98% of the total mass. The largest mass concentrations were > 53 mum in diameter. The results obtained from these samples can be used to understand the contact and types of exposures to this unprecedented complex mixture experienced by the surviving residents, commuters, and rescue workers directly affected by the plume from 11 to 12 September and the evaluations of any acute or long-term health effects from resuspendable dust and smoke to the residents, commuters, and local workers, as well as from the materials released after 11 September until the fires were extinguished. Further, these results support the need to have the interior of residences, buildings, and their respective HVAC systems professionally cleaned to reduce long-term residential risks before rehabitation. C1 UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Community Med, New Brunswick, NJ USA. MVA, Norcross, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, New York, NY USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester, VA USA. RP Lioy, PJ (reprint author), Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Exposure Measurement & Assessment Div, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; YANG, ILL /F-4693-2010; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; Weschler, Charles/A-9788-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Weschler, Charles/0000-0002-9097-5850 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 31 TC 211 Z9 213 U1 4 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 7 BP 703 EP 714 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 585VZ UT WOS:000177546400031 PM 12117648 ER PT J AU Bates, ER Akindele, F Sprinkle, D AF Bates, ER Akindele, F Sprinkle, D TI American creosote site case study: Solidification/stabilization of dioxins, PCP, and creosote for $64 per cubic yard SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) is a low-cost remedial technology that has been used extensively for decades to treat soil contaminated with metals on Superfund sites. Increasingly, it is being used with success to remediate sites that contain higher molecular weight organic compounds. This case study describes the development of S/S formations and their application to remediate the American Creosote Superfund Site in Jackson, Tennessee. The U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory conducted successful,treatability tests of innovative solidification/stabilization (S/S) formulations to treat soils contaminated with dioxins, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and creosote from four wood preserving sites. Formulations developed during these studies were successful in reducing the mobility (leaching) of contaminants of concern by 95% to 99%. For one of these sites', the American Creosote Superfund site in Jackson, Tennessee, the U.S. EPA, in cooperation with the State of Tennessee, conducted a successful remediation of 45, 000 cubic yards during 1998 and 1999. The costs to excavate, treat, replace, and cap soil contaminated with dioxin, PCP, and creosote averaged $64 per cubic yard (about $40 ton). Formulations, design, operations, performance specifications, and costs are presented in this paper. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Tennessee Dept Environm & Conservat, Jackson, TN 38305 USA. RP Bates, ER (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 489, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1002/ep.670210209 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VJ UT WOS:000185225500005 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Diamond, SA Tietge, JE Holcombe, GW Jensen, KM DeFoe, DL Peterson, R AF Ankley, GT Diamond, SA Tietge, JE Holcombe, GW Jensen, KM DeFoe, DL Peterson, R TI Assessment of the risk of solar ultraviolet radiation to amphibians. I. Dose-dependent induction of hindlimb malformations in the Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UV-B RADIATION; LIMB MALFORMATIONS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; HYLA-REGILLA; SURVIVAL; ANURANS; AMBIENT; OZONE; ACIDIFICATION AB A number of environmental stressors have been hypothesized as responsible for recent increases in limb malformations in several species of North American amphibians. The purpose of this study was to generate dose-response data suitable for assessing the potential role of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in causing limb malformations in a species in which this phenomenon seemingly is particularly, prevalent, the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Frogs were exposed from early embryonic stages through complete metamorphosis to varying natural sunlight regimes, including unaltered: (100%) sunlight,:sunlight subjected to neutral density filtration to achieve relative intensities of 85%, 75%, 65%, 50%, and 25% of unaltered sunlight, and sunlight filtered with glass or acrylamide. We to attenuate respectively, the UVB (290-320 nm) and UVB plus UVA (290-386 nm) portions of, the spectrum. The experiments were conducted,in a, controlled setting, with continual monitoring of UVB UVA, and visible light to support a robust exposure assessment. Full sunlight caused approximately 50% mortality of the frogs during early larval. development; no significant treatment-related,mortality occurred under any of the other exposure regimes, including 100% sunlight with glass or acrylamide filtration. There was a dose-dependent (p < 0.0001) induction of hindlimb malformations in the frogs, with the percentage of affected animals ranging from about 97% under unaltered sunlight to 0% in the, 25% neutral density treatment. Malformations were comprised mostly of missing or truncated digits, and generally were bilateral as well symmetrical. Filtration of sunlight with either, glass or acrylamide both significantly reduced the incidence of malformed limbs. The estimated sunlight dose resulting in a 50% limb malformation rate (ED50) was 63.5%. The limb ED50 values based on measured sunlight intensities corresponded to average daily doses, of 4.5 and 100 Wh.m(-2) for UVB and UVA, respectively. Exposure to sunlight also resulted in increased, eye malformations in R. pipiens, however, the dose-response relationship for this endpoint was not monotonic. The results of this study, in conjunction,with measured or predicted exposure data from natural settings, provide a basis for quantitative prediction of the risk of solar UV radiation to amphibians. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 37 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2853 EP 2858 DI 10.1021/es011195t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569GA UT WOS:000176591600027 PM 12144258 ER PT J AU Peterson, GS Johnson, LB Axler, RP Diamond, SA AF Peterson, GS Johnson, LB Axler, RP Diamond, SA TI Assessment of the risk of solar ultraviolet radiation to amphibians. II. In situ characterization of exposure in amphibian habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; UV-B PENETRATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; POPULATION DECLINES; LAKES; ATTENUATION; MATTER; CHEMISTRY; WATERS; ACIDIFICATION AB Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has been hypothesized as a potential cause of amphibian population declines and increased incidence of malformations. Realistic studies documenting UV irradiance or dose have rarely been conducted in wetlands used by amphibians. Our data indicates that 99% of UVB is attenuated in the top 5-20 cm of wetlands in our study region (northern Minnesota and Wisconsin). Furthermore, vegetation and other habitat features have substantial impacts on local UVB irradiance levels and dose. UVB attenuation in the Water columns of our wetlands is controlled by the specific absorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and consequently, UVB attenuation is best predicted by simple laboratory absorbance measurements such 0 bulk,water color. (absorbance at: 440 nm) or wavelength-specific, absorbance coefficients. Seasonal data indicate that the UVB absorption by early and mid-season DOC is higher-than that of late summer and fall DOC, suggesting increased protection from UVB during the potentially sensitive Stages of amphibian development. In addition to dissolved components, our model indicates that suspended solids play a small role in UVB attenuation in our wetlands but apparently only at high concentrations. Models predicting UV attenuation in wetlands should. be used,cautiously and, should consider temporal variability, given the volatility and dynamic nature,of water column characteristics in wetlands. Organism behavior is a critical but poorly understood phenomenon that must be addressed for development of an accurate UV exposure risk model for amphibians. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Johnson, LB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2859 EP 2865 DI 10.1021/es0111961 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569GA UT WOS:000176591600028 PM 12144259 ER PT J AU Diamond, SA Peterson, GS Tietge, JE Ankley, GT AF Diamond, SA Peterson, GS Tietge, JE Ankley, GT TI Assessment of the risk of solar ultraviolet radiation to amphibians. III. Predictions of impacts in selected northern midwestern wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; UV-B RADIATION; OZONE DEPLETION; POPULATION DECLINES; MOUNTAIN LAKES; RANA-PIPIENS; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; HATCHING SUCCESS; CAUSES MORTALITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Solar ultraviolet radiation, especially UVB (280-320 nm), has been hypothesized to be at least partially responsible for adverse effects (e.g., declines and malformations) in amphibian species throughout the world. Evaluation of this hypothesis has been limited by the paucity of high-quality UV dose-response data and reliable estimates of typical UV doses that occur in amphibian habitats. In this preliminary risk assessment for effects of UV radiation on amphibians, dose-response relationships quantified in outdoor experiments were compared with UV exposure estimates for 26 wetlands in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. A comparison of wetland doses, derived from model prediction, historical data, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) characterization, with experimental effects levels for green (R. clamitans), northern leopard (R. pipiens), and mink (R. septentrionalis) frogs indicated that the risk of mortality and malformations due to UV exposure is low for the majority of wetlands evaluated. Wetland UV dose, averaged over the entire breeding season, exceeded effects doses for mortality for all three species in two of the 26 wetlands examined and for one species in an additional wetland. On the basis of evidence that shorter term doses caused mortality in amphibian larvae, 3-day doses were also evaluated. In three of the wetlands examined, 3-day doses in excess of 85% of full sunlight(the level that appeared to trigger effects in controlled experimentation) occurred at frequencies ranging 22-100% for all three species and at frequencies ranging from 15% to 58% for R. pipiens and R. septentrionalis in three additional wetlands. Risk of malformation in R. pipiens was apparent in five of the 26 wetlands evaluated. Overall, estimated UVB doses in 21 of the wetlands never exceeded experimental effects doses for mortality or malformations. These results suggest that most amphibians are not currently at significant risk for UVB effects in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin wetlands. However, continued reduction of ozone and other global climate change effects may increase UV doses in wetlands, suggesting that the risk of UV to amphibians should continue to be monitored and studied. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov NR 81 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2866 EP 2874 DI 10.1021/es011197d PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569GA UT WOS:000176591600029 PM 12144260 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Stevens, RK Schaedlich, F Prestbo, EM AF Landis, MS Stevens, RK Schaedlich, F Prestbo, EM TI Development and characterization of an annular denuder methodology for the measurement of divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; PARTICULATE MERCURY; MIST CHAMBER; SPECIATION; GAS; POLLUTANTS; BEHAVIOR AB Atmospheric mercury is predominantly present in the gaseous elemental form (Hg-0). However, anthropogenic emissions (e.g., incineration, fossil fuel combustion) emit and natural processes create particulate-phase mercury (Hg-(p)) and divalent reactive gas-phase mercury (RGM). RGM species (e.g., HgCl2, HgBr2) are water-soluble and have much shorter residence times in the atmosphere than Hg-0 due to their higher removal rates through wet and dry deposition mechanisms. Manual and automated annular denuder methodologies, to provide high-resolution (1-2 h) ambient RGM measurements, were developed and evaluated. Following collection of RGM onto KCl-coated quartz annular denuders, RGM was thermally decomposed and quantified as Hg-0. Laboratory and field evaluations of the denuders found the RGM collection efficiency to be >94% and mean collocated precision to be <15%. Method detection limits for sampling durations ranging from I to 12 h were 6.2-0.5 pg m(-3), respectively. As part of this research, the authors observed that methods to measure Hg(p) had a significant positive artifact when RGM coexists with Hg(p). This artifact was eliminated if a KCl-coated annular denuder preceded the filter. This new atmospheric mercury speciation methodology has dramatically enhanced our ability to investigate the mechanisms of transformation and deposition of mercury in the atmosphere. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Tekran Inc, Toronto, ON M3A 1A3, Canada. Frontier Geosci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Landis, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 38 TC 278 Z9 280 U1 10 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 3000 EP 3009 DI 10.1021/es015887t PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569GA UT WOS:000176591600046 PM 12144278 ER PT J AU Gullett, BK Ryan, JV AF Gullett, BK Ryan, JV TI On-road emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs from heavy duty diesel vehicles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; COMBUSTION AB This work characterized emission factors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) from on-road sampling of three heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) under experimental conditions of city and highway driving; idling operation; high (>400 ppm) and low (<5 ppm) sulfur (S) fuels; and high mileage and rebuilt engine testing. Emission factors, homologue profiles, and isomer patterns were compared to determine whether the experimental conditions had an impact on PCDD/F emissions, or whether these conditions were uninfluential in determining a fleet-re presentative emission factor. For a single HDDV tested under conditions of a high mileage engine, a newly rebuilt engine, and the newly rebuilt engine with low S diesel fuel, emission factors were 0.023 (+/- 0.022), 0.008 (+/- 0.002), and 0.016 (+/- 0.013) ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/km, respectively. These results may infer some limited condition-specific differences in PCDD/F emissions, but these differences do not appear to have a significant effect on the HDDV emission factor. An older HDDV with mechanical fuel controls resulted in a single test value of 0.164 ng TEQ/km, significantly higher than all other results. Observed differences in emission factors, homologue profiles, and TEQ-related isomer patterns from this on-vehicle sampling and others' tunnel sampling suggest limitations in our present characterization of fleet PCDD/F emissions. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div E30501, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div E30501, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 3036 EP 3040 DI 10.1021/es011376v PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569GA UT WOS:000176591600051 PM 12144283 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP Cole, FA AF Ferraro, SP Cole, FA TI A field validation of two sediment-amphipod toxicity tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE field validation; toxicity tests; macrofauna; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; BENTHIC ECOLOGY; MARINE; WASHINGTON; BAY; USA; CONTAMINATION; BIOASSAYS AB A field validation study of two sediment-amphipod toxicity tests as conducted using sediment samples collected subtidally in the vicinity, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated Superfund site in Elliott Bay (WA, USA). Sediment samples were collected at 30 stations with a 0.1 m(2) grab from which subsamples were taken for sediment toxicity testing and geochemical and macrofaunal analyses. Standard 10-d sediment-amphipod toxicity tests were conducted with Rhepoxynius abronius and Leptocheirus plumalosus, Sediments Acre analyzed for 33 PAHs, pentachlorophenol. polychlorinated biphenyls, acid-volatile sulfide, simultaneously extracted metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Ph, Ni), total organic carbon, and grain size. Sediment temperature. oxygen-reduction potential, water depth. and interstitial water salinity were also measured. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, quantified as total PAH toxic units (TU,,), were confirmed to be an important common causal agent of the changes in the two toxicity test (17, survival R. abronius, % survival L. plumulosus) and five macrofaunal community (number of species, S; numerical abundance, A; total biomass, B; Swartz's dominance index. SDI; Brillouin's index, H) endpoints. Two other macrofaunal community metrics (the complement of Simpson's index. I - SI, and McIntosh'.,, index, MI) %Acre less sensitive to TUP H than the two toxicity test endpoints. The sensitivities of R. abronius and L. plumulosus to TUPAH were statistically indistinguishable. Field validations were conducted by testing the association between or among each toxicity test endpoint. each of seven macrotaunal community metrics (S, A, B, SDl, H, 1 - SI, W), and TUPAH by (1) Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation, (2) Kendall's coefficient of concordance, (3) G tests of independence, and (4) regression analysis. Some field validations based on multivariable tests of association (e.g., points 2 and 3) among toxicity test, field, and stressor endpoints produced false positive results. Both toxicity test endpoints were validated as indicators of changes in S, A, SDI, and H by all the methods tested. The resolution power of the relationships between the laboratory toxicity test and macrofaunal field endpoints was low (! - three classes) but sufficient to discriminate ecologically important effects. We conclude that standard sediment-amphipod toxicity tests are ecologically relevant and that, under the proper conditions, their results can be used for lab-to-field extrapolation. C1 US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1423 EP 1437 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1423:AFVOTS>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 569AJ UT WOS:000176576900014 PM 12109743 ER PT J AU Nacci, DE Champlin, D Coiro, L McKinney, R Jayaraman, S AF Nacci, DE Champlin, D Coiro, L McKinney, R Jayaraman, S TI Predicting the occurrence of genetic adaptation to dioxinlike compounds in populations of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; evolution; polychlorinated biphenyls; tolerance; Fundulus heteroclitus ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; BEDFORD HARBOR; SEDIMENT; TOXICITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; MASSACHUSETTS; CONTAMINANTS; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION AB A population of the nonmigratory estuarine fish species Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog) indigenous to a poly-chlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated Superfund site (New Bedford Harbor. MA. USA) demonstrated an inherited tolerance to local, dioxinlike contaminants (DLCs). These findings suggest that DLCs have acted as selective agents, allowing the survival of only the most tolerant individuals, forming DLC-adapted Populations. We hypothesized that DLC-tolerant mummichog populations would reside where local conditions are toxic to sensitive individuals, and that toxic environmental conditions could be predicted based on responses of sensitive early life stages to laboratory exposures of DLCs. As a measure of DLC tolerance, progeny of field-collected fish were tested in the laboratory with a dioxinlike PCB congener. 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126). Mummichog populations were collected from sites with sediment PCB concentration, predicted to range from nontoxic to toxic. Consistent with predictions, tolerant populations were indigenous to sites with elevated sediment PCB concentrations. Also, as predicted. DLC-tolerant populations were resident to sites far less contaminated than the Superfund site. These results suggest that exposures to persistent. bioaccumulative. and toxic contaminants may produce evolutionary effect, on a geographic scale larger than previously envisioned. This study presents an approach and describes a modes system that may improve understanding of the scale of occurrence for these potentially irreversible ecological effects. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Nacci, DE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 43 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1525 EP 1532 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1525:PTOOGA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 569AJ UT WOS:000176576900026 PM 12109755 ER PT J AU Heinrich, J Hoelscher, B Frye, C Meyer, I Pitz, M Cyrys, J Wjst, M Neas, L Wichmann, HE AF Heinrich, J Hoelscher, B Frye, C Meyer, I Pitz, M Cyrys, J Wjst, M Neas, L Wichmann, HE TI Improved air quality in reunified Germany and decreases in respiratory symptoms SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory health; children; ambient air pollution; Germany ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; TERM AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; EAST-GERMANY; DIFFERING LEVELS; CHILDREN; POLLUTION; HEALTH; POLLUTANTS; PREVALENCE; PARTICLES AB Background. Previous research on air pollution effects has found associations with chronic adverse health effects even at the relatively low levels of ambient particulates currently measured in most urban areas. Methods. We assessed the impact of declines of total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide in eastern Germany after reunification on the prevalence of nonallergic respiratory disorders in children. In the 1990s, particle mass (total suspended particulates) and sulfur dioxide declined, whereas number concentrations of nucleation-mode particles (10-30 nm) increased. In three study areas, questionnaires for 7,632 children between 5 and 14 of age were collected in three phases: 1992-1993, 1995-1996, and 1998-1999. Results. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a 5-mug/m(3) increment in total suspended particulates were 3.0 (CI = 1.7-5.3) for bronchitis, 2.6 (CI = 1.0-6.6) for sinusitis, and 1.9 (CI = 1.2-3.1) for frequent colds. The effect sizes for a 100-mug/m(3) increment in sulfur dioxide were similar. The effect estimates for ambient total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide were stronger among children not exposed to gas stove emissions, visible molds or dampness, cats, or environmental tobacco smoke. Conclusions. The decreasing prevalence of nonallergic respiratory symptoms, along with improvements in ambient particle mass and sulfur dioxide (but not in nucleation-mode particles), indicates the reversibility of adverse health effects in children. This adds further evidence of a causal association between combustion-related air pollutants and childhood respiratory symptoms. C1 GSF, Inst Epidemiol, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany. Univ Munich, Neuherberg, Germany. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Heinrich, J (reprint author), GSF, Inst Epidemiol, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, POB 1129, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany. RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Cyrys, Josef/B-5359-2014; OI Cyrys, Josef/0000-0002-2105-8696 NR 32 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1097/01.EDE.00000016977.59359.B6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600006 PM 12094093 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Samanic, C Dosemeci, M Tarone, R Lynch, C Lubin, J Thomas, K Coble, J Sandler, D Blair, A AF Alavanja, MCR Samanic, C Dosemeci, M Tarone, R Lynch, C Lubin, J Thomas, K Coble, J Sandler, D Blair, A TI Prostate cancer risk in the agricultural health cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 887 BP S240 EP S240 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600819 ER PT J AU Allen, R Gondy, G Mage, D Stewart, P Coble, J Blair, A AF Allen, R Gondy, G Mage, D Stewart, P Coble, J Blair, A TI Evaluating potential for occupational pesticide exposure in the NHANES-III SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Temple Univ, ISR, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NCI, Occupat Studies Branch, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 842 BP S230 EP S230 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600775 ER PT J AU Allen, R Larson, T Wallace, L Liu, LJS AF Allen, R Larson, T Wallace, L Liu, LJS TI The use of light scattering data to estimate the contribution of indoor- and outdoor-generated particles to indoor and personal air SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 019 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600043 ER PT J AU Axelrad, DA Woodruff, TJ AF Axelrad, DA Woodruff, TJ TI Brominating flame retardants: Policy implications of the emerging science SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 920 BP S246 EP S246 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600851 ER PT J AU Baker, JA Mendola, P Barr, D Walsh, D Creason, J Needham, J AF Baker, JA Mendola, P Barr, D Walsh, D Creason, J Needham, J TI Non-residential organophosphorus pesticide use as a predictor of children's urinary metabolite levels. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buffalo, US EPA, Buffalo, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 893 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600825 ER PT J AU Bernard, CE Melnyk, LJ Berry, MR AF Bernard, CE Melnyk, LJ Berry, MR TI Measurements of transferable residue from ceramic tile vinyl tile, hardwood flooring, and carpets using a press sampler and C-18 ,PUF, and cotton sampling disks SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 639 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600596 ER PT J AU Bodnar, A Maddalena, R McKone, T Thornburg, J Rodes, CE Rodes, E Williams, R AF Bodnar, A Maddalena, R McKone, T Thornburg, J Rodes, CE Rodes, E Williams, R TI Available data to assess PAH multipathway exposures: Preliminary analysis on the NHEXAS-MNCPES data set SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 348 BP S140 EP S140 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600326 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Hernandez, R McKone, T Harnly, M Chavira, R Tager, I Lipsett, M Macher, J Castorina, R Cabrera, E Vargas, A Cam, J AF Bradman, A Hernandez, R McKone, T Harnly, M Chavira, R Tager, I Lipsett, M Macher, J Castorina, R Cabrera, E Vargas, A Cam, J TI Home environmental health assessment for epidemiological and exposure studies, center for the health assessment mothers and children of Salinas SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Reg 9, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natividad Med Ctr, CHAMACOS, Salinas, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 533 BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600502 ER PT J AU Brinkman, MC Finegold, JK Chuang, JC Lyu, C Cashwell, J Wilson, NK Gordon, SM Morgan, MK Croghan, C AF Brinkman, MC Finegold, JK Chuang, JC Lyu, C Cashwell, J Wilson, NK Gordon, SM Morgan, MK Croghan, C TI The CTEPP database SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 146 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600148 ER PT J AU Burke, J Ito, K Norris, G Ozkaynak, H Wilson, W Thurston, G AF Burke, J Ito, K Norris, G Ozkaynak, H Wilson, W Thurston, G TI Implications of selecting alternative exposure metrics in analyzing the relationships between PM and acute mortality and morbidity in Philadelphia SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NYU, Inst Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 040 BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600062 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Rea, AW Suggs, J Williams, R Xue, JP Ozkayak, H AF Burke, JM Rea, AW Suggs, J Williams, R Xue, JP Ozkayak, H TI Ambient particulate matter exposures: A comparison of sheds-PM exposure model predictions and estimations derived from measurements collected during NERL's RTP PM panel study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 013 BP S83 EP S83 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600037 ER PT J AU Butler, LM Koh, WP Lee, HP Yu, MC London, SJ AF Butler, LM Koh, WP Lee, HP Yu, MC London, SJ TI Intake of fruit and asthma incidence in a cohort of Chinese adults in Singapore. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk 117548, NC USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 947 BP S250 EP S250 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600873 ER PT J AU Chang, LT Suh, HH Wheeler, A Koutrakis, P Lau, GKK Turpin, B Colome, S Phillips, T Yanosky, J Wallace, L AF Chang, LT Suh, HH Wheeler, A Koutrakis, P Lau, GKK Turpin, B Colome, S Phillips, T Yanosky, J Wallace, L TI Personal indoor, and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, particulate nitrate and elemental carbon for individuals with COPD in Los Angeles, CA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Integrated Environm Sci, Irvine, CA USA. Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 017 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600041 ER PT J AU Chavira, R Bradman, A Eskenazi, B Nishioka, M AF Chavira, R Bradman, A Eskenazi, B Nishioka, M TI In-vehicle dust assessment: A pilot study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, CHAMACOS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 902 BP S242 EP S243 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600834 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Junod, N Wilson, NK Brinkman, MC Morgan, MK AF Chuang, JC Junod, N Wilson, NK Brinkman, MC Morgan, MK TI Multimedia chemical analysis plan for children's aggragate exposure field studies in North Carolina and Ohio SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 144 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600146 ER PT J AU Dary, CC Knaak, JB Power, F Thompson, C Blancato, JN AF Dary, CC Knaak, JB Power, F Thompson, C Blancato, JN TI Review of data available for the development of predictive OP pesticide QSARs and PBPK/PD models for human risk assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. SUNYAB, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY USA. Anteon Corp, Las Vegas, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 891 BP S240 EP S240 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600823 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Vermeulen, R Blair, A Hildesheim, A Pinto, L Gillette, PP Lynch, CF Allen, RH Alavanja, MC AF De Roos, AJ Vermeulen, R Blair, A Hildesheim, A Pinto, L Gillette, PP Lynch, CF Allen, RH Alavanja, MC TI Study of immune effects in corn farmers within the agricultural health study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NCI, HPV Monitoring Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Vermeulen, Roel/F-8037-2011 OI Vermeulen, Roel/0000-0003-4082-8163 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 331 BP S137 EP S137 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600310 ER PT J AU Dellarco, M AF Dellarco, M TI Why we do not have a validated in vitro method for percutaneous absorption SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Asseessment, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 575 BP S182 EP S183 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600539 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Landi, S Tian, D Hanley, NM Roop, BC Keohavong, P Gao, W Olivier, M Hainaut, P Mumford, JL AF DeMarini, DM Landi, S Tian, D Hanley, NM Roop, BC Keohavong, P Gao, W Olivier, M Hainaut, P Mumford, JL TI Lung tumor KRAS and TP53 mutations in nonsmokers reflect exposure to PAH-rich coal combusion emissions SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTP, NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environ Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. IARC, Lyon, France. RI Hainaut, Pierre /B-6018-2012; Olivier, Magali/G-3728-2010 OI Hainaut, Pierre /0000-0002-1303-1610; Olivier, Magali/0000-0002-8202-342X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 194 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600192 ER PT J AU Eatough, DJ Pope, CA Long, RW Eatough, NL Wilson, WE AF Eatough, DJ Pope, CA Long, RW Eatough, NL Wilson, WE TI Fine particle concentration, composition and sources in the Salt Lake City, Utah area SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 850 BP S232 EP S232 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600783 ER PT J AU Egeghy, PP AF Egeghy, PP TI Mixed models analysis of urbanization level on chloropyrifos exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NERL, Human Exposure Res Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 910 BP S244 EP S244 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600842 ER PT J AU Furtaw, EJ Bennett, DH McKone, TE AF Furtaw, EJ Bennett, DH McKone, TE TI An indoor pesticide air and surface concentration model SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 225 BP S119 EP S120 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600221 ER PT J AU Gordon, SM Brinkman, MC Satola, JR Wallace, LA Weisel, CE Shin, JY AF Gordon, SM Brinkman, MC Satola, JR Wallace, LA Weisel, CE Shin, JY TI Controlled, short-term dermal and inhalation exposure to MTBE and dibromochloromethane SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 455 BP S160 EP S161 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600428 ER PT J AU Graham, SE Burke, JM Ozkaynak, H AF Graham, SE Burke, JM Ozkaynak, H TI A probabilistic modeling framework for predicting population exposures to benzene SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 758 BP S215 EP S215 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600699 ER PT J AU Green, R Smorodinsky, S McLaughlin, B Kim, J AF Green, R Smorodinsky, S McLaughlin, B Kim, J TI Proximity of California public schools to busy roads SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 731 BP S210 EP S210 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600676 ER PT J AU Gutter, S Mendola, P Selevan, SG Rice, D AF Gutter, S Mendola, P Selevan, SG Rice, D TI Neurotoxic effects of environmental agents: Data gaps that challenge dose-response estimation SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 954 BP S251 EP S252 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600879 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Royster, MO Soukup, JM Walsh, D Bellini, W Barr, D Becker, S AF Hilborn, ED Royster, MO Soukup, JM Walsh, D Bellini, W Barr, D Becker, S TI Pesticide exposure and immune function among toddlers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 548 BP S178 EP S178 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600516 ER PT J AU Hoppin, JA Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Rao, P Doran, AM AF Hoppin, JA Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Rao, P Doran, AM TI Reporting pesticide exposure results to participants: Issues and observations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 301 BP S133 EP S133 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600285 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Pellizzari, E Akland, G Melnyk, L Berry, M AF Hu, Y Pellizzari, E Akland, G Melnyk, L Berry, M TI Use of pharmacokinetic modeling for dietary exposure study design and model evaluation SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, NERL, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 593 BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600555 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Akland, G Pellizzari, E Melnyk, L Berry, M AF Hu, Y Akland, G Pellizzari, E Melnyk, L Berry, M TI Conceptual framework for categorizing young children's eating behaviors SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NERL, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 592 BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600554 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Akland, G Leovic, K Raymer, J Sheldon, LS AF Hubal, EAC Akland, G Leovic, K Raymer, J Sheldon, LS TI Feasibility of using the macroactivity approach to assess children's dermal exposure to pesticides SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 571 BP S182 EP S182 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600535 ER PT J AU Huber, AH Gilliam, RC Feingersh, H Kelly, R AF Huber, AH Gilliam, RC Feingersh, H Kelly, R TI Effects of meteorology on the transport and dispersion of emissions from the WTC recovery site SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, State Climate Off N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Reg 2, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 242 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600237 ER PT J AU Jones, EL Quintana, PJE Delfino, RJ Ziogas, A Kutz, FW AF Jones, EL Quintana, PJE Delfino, RJ Ziogas, A Kutz, FW TI Pesticides levels in adipose tissue and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 483 BP S166 EP S166 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600454 ER PT J AU Kato, M Demarini, DM Brooks, LR Carvalho, AB Rego, MAV Loomis, D AF Kato, M Demarini, DM Brooks, LR Carvalho, AB Rego, MAV Loomis, D TI Urine mutagenicity in charcoal workers: A cross-sectional study in Northeastern Brazil SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FUNDACENTRO BA, Salvador, Brazil. CESAT, SESAB, Salvador, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 196 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600194 ER PT J AU Kendall, M Breger, D Chen, LC AF Kendall, M Breger, D Chen, LC TI SEM characterization of WTC plume particles: Indoor airborne and deposited dust SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, US EPA, Particulate Matter Ctr, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 241 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600236 ER PT J AU Kendall, M Bonnano, L Wallace, L Lippman, M AF Kendall, M Bonnano, L Wallace, L Lippman, M TI Indoor-outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 in New York City SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, Inst Environm Med, US EPA, Particulate Matter Hlth Effects Res Ctr, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 024 BP S85 EP S86 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600048 ER PT J AU Kendall, M Hsu, SI Lopez, P Wallace, L Lippman, M AF Kendall, M Hsu, SI Lopez, P Wallace, L Lippman, M TI Relating personal PM and PM-associated elemental carbon exposures to cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms in a high-risk subpopulation SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, US EPA, Particulate Matter Hlth Effects Res Ctr, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 023 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600047 ER PT J AU Kissel, JC Showlund, R Shirai, JH van Belle, G Suggs, J Cohen-Hubal, E AF Kissel, JC Showlund, R Shirai, JH van Belle, G Suggs, J Cohen-Hubal, E TI Investigation of transfer of fluorescent tracers from surfaces to skin SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 715 BP S207 EP S208 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600662 ER PT J AU Knaak, JB Dary, CC Power, F Furtaw, EJ Blancato, JN AF Knaak, JB Dary, CC Power, F Furtaw, EJ Blancato, JN TI Modeling the evaporative loss of organophosphorus pesticides from skin using the exposure related dose estimating model (ERDEM) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNYAB, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Anteon Corp, Las Vegas, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 904 BP S243 EP S243 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600836 ER PT J AU Krasner, S Chinn, R Pastor, S Sclimenti, M Weinberg, H Onstad, G Richardson, S AF Krasner, S Chinn, R Pastor, S Sclimenti, M Weinberg, H Onstad, G Richardson, S TI The occurrence of disinfection by-products of health concern in drinking water SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 160 BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600161 ER PT J AU Larson, T Liu, LJS Allen, R Lewtas, J Wallace, L AF Larson, T Liu, LJS Allen, R Lewtas, J Wallace, L TI Indoor-outdoor-personal relationships of selected fine particle trace elements in Seattle, WA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 021 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600045 ER PT J AU Leovic, K Sheldon, L Thomas, K Highsmith, VR Tulve, N Robertson, G Hammerstrom, K Quackenboss, J Melnyk, L Berry, M Pellizari, E Lebowitz, M Ryan, PB AF Leovic, K Sheldon, L Thomas, K Highsmith, VR Tulve, N Robertson, G Hammerstrom, K Quackenboss, J Melnyk, L Berry, M Pellizari, E Lebowitz, M Ryan, PB TI Lessons learned from the national human exposure assessment survey (NHEXAS) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Res Triangle Inst Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 797 BP S222 EP S222 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600733 ER PT J AU Lewtas, J Myers, S Maykut, N Simpson, C Kalman, D Liu, S Larson, T AF Lewtas, J Myers, S Maykut, N Simpson, C Kalman, D Liu, S Larson, T TI Attribution of particle exposure and risk to combustion source emission based on personal PAH exposure and urinary metabolites SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 195 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600193 ER PT J AU Liu, LJS Kalman, D Kaufman, J Koenig, J Larson, T Sheppard, L Lewtas, J Wallace, L AF Liu, LJS Kalman, D Kaufman, J Koenig, J Larson, T Sheppard, L Lewtas, J Wallace, L TI Characterization of particulate matter and co-pollutants exposures for compromised and healthy elderly adults in Seattle,WA, 1999-2001 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 020 BP S84 EP S85 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600044 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Buck, GM Weiner, JM Mendola, P AF Lobdell, DT Buck, GM Weiner, JM Mendola, P TI Identifying a population-based sample of women of reproductive age for environmental studies using a commercial telephone directory SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 929 BP S247 EP S247 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600858 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Gutter, S Mendola, P AF Lobdell, DT Gutter, S Mendola, P TI Use of discussion groups to investigate recruitment and retention issues for a longitudinal study of children's environmental health SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 683 BP S201 EP S201 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600632 ER PT J AU Lynberg, M Ashley, D Mendola, P Nuckols, JR Cantor, K Blount, B Singer, P Wilkes, C Backer, L Langlois, P AF Lynberg, M Ashley, D Mendola, P Nuckols, JR Cantor, K Blount, B Singer, P Wilkes, C Backer, L Langlois, P TI An integrated research agenda to evaluate tap water disinfection byproducts and human health: Part II SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Wilkes Technol Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 167 BP S109 EP S109 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600168 ER PT J AU Lynberg, M Ashley, M Mendola, P Nuckols, JR Cantor, K Blount, B Singer, P Wilkes, C Backer, L Langlois, P AF Lynberg, M Ashley, M Mendola, P Nuckols, JR Cantor, K Blount, B Singer, P Wilkes, C Backer, L Langlois, P TI An integrated research agenda to evaluate tap water disinfection byproducts and human health: Part 1 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Wilkes Technol Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 165 BP S109 EP S109 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600166 ER PT J AU Lyu, C Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Satola, J Morgan, MK AF Lyu, C Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Satola, J Morgan, MK TI Recruitment and field sampling in the CTEPP North Carolina and Ohio field studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 143 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600145 ER PT J AU Mar, T Wilson, W AF Mar, T Wilson, W TI Attenuation of statistical relationships from PM community time-series epidemology due to the use of combined, rather than separate, indicators of exposure and mortality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 085 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600097 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Junod, N Brinkman, MC Lyu, C AF Morgan, MK Wilson, NK Chuang, JC Junod, N Brinkman, MC Lyu, C TI Levels of organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in CTEPP North Carolina multimedia samples SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 145 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600147 ER PT J AU Morland, K Creason, J Williams, R Rea, A Suggs, J AF Morland, K Creason, J Williams, R Rea, A Suggs, J TI Health effects associated with potential exposures to PM2.5 ozone and carbon monoxide in the RTP PM Panel Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 016 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600040 ER PT J AU Murphy, DL Maddalena, R Langstaff, J Jones, B Lee, RM Eyth, A Lyon, BF McVey, M Laniak, G AF Murphy, DL Maddalena, R Langstaff, J Jones, B Lee, RM Eyth, A Lyon, BF McVey, M Laniak, G TI Evaluation of the TRIM.FaTE multi-media model - A mercury case study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 215 BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600212 ER PT J AU Parker, J Woodruff, TJ Heck, K Saulnier, L AF Parker, J Woodruff, TJ Heck, K Saulnier, L TI Comparing different exposure metrics in the relationship between air pollution and birth outcomes in California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 413 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600390 ER PT J AU Pegram, RA Ross, MK Leavens, TL Allis, JW Biount, BC Zhao, G AF Pegram, RA Ross, MK Leavens, TL Allis, JW Biount, BC Zhao, G TI Bromodichloromethane toxicokinetics: Linking exposure to effect. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTP, NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 182 BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600183 ER PT J AU Petersen, CA Calderon, RL Frost, FJ Kunde, T AF Petersen, CA Calderon, RL Frost, FJ Kunde, T TI Water consumption and gastrointestinal sympton recall - The SSEED study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lovelace Clin Fdn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 618 BP S190 EP S190 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600576 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Richardson, SD AF Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Richardson, SD TI Quantitative comparative mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genomic genotoxicity of drinking water disinfection by-products SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 159 BP S107 EP S108 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600160 ER PT J AU Rea, AW Croghan, C Thornburg, J Rodes, B Williams, R AF Rea, AW Croghan, C Thornburg, J Rodes, B Williams, R TI PM concentrations associated with personal activities based on real-time personal nephelometry data from the NERL RTP PM panel study. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 011 BP S82 EP S83 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600035 ER PT J AU Reid, CM Ryan, PB Wheeler, A Wallace, LA Suh, HH AF Reid, CM Ryan, PB Wheeler, A Wallace, LA Suh, HH TI Associations between particulate (PM2.5) and gaseous co-pollutant exposure levels for COPD and MI cohorts in Atlanta, GA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 022 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600046 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Krasner, SW Weinberg, HS AF Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Krasner, SW Weinberg, HS TI Results of a nationwide DBP occurence study: Indentification of new DBPs of potential health concern SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 168 BP S109 EP S110 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600169 ER PT J AU Richmond, HM Palma, T Langstaff, J McCurdy, T Glen, G Smith, L AF Richmond, HM Palma, T Langstaff, J McCurdy, T Glen, G Smith, L TI Further refinements and testing of APEX(3.0): EPA's population exposure model for criteria and air toxic inhalation exposures. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 697 BP S204 EP S204 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600644 ER PT J AU Riediker, M Devlin, R Griggs, T Cascio, W Herbst, M Williams, R McCorquodale, S Bromberg, P AF Riediker, M Devlin, R Griggs, T Cascio, W Herbst, M Williams, R McCorquodale, S Bromberg, P TI Changes in health parameters observed in NC patrol troopers exposed to PM and air toxics (COPP-study) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Highway Patrol, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 108 BP S99 EP S99 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600116 ER PT J AU Rigas, ML Okino, MS Quackenboss, JJ AF Rigas, ML Okino, MS Quackenboss, JJ TI Pharmacokinetic models in the design of biomonitoring programs SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 231 BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600227 ER PT J AU Riley, WJ Hubal, EAC McKone, TE AF Riley, WJ Hubal, EAC McKone, TE TI Linking dermal modeling and loading data to predict long-term doses from intermittent dermal contact SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 230 BP S120 EP S121 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600226 ER PT J AU Roberts, JW Glass, G Mickelson, L Clifford, S AF Roberts, JW Glass, G Mickelson, L Clifford, S TI Changes in surface dust, deep dust, lead, and the 3-spot test in carpets during vacuuming SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Lexington, MA USA. Independent Sampling, Renton, WA USA. Engn Plus, Sammamish, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 637 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600594 ER PT J AU Rubes, J Selevan, SG Zudova, D Evenson, DP Perreault, SD AF Rubes, J Selevan, SG Zudova, D Evenson, DP Perreault, SD TI Longitudinal study of semen quality after intermittent exposure to air pollution SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vet Res Inst, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. US EPA, ORD, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 067 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600083 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, DM AF Schreinemachers, DM TI Birth defects in four US wheat-producing states SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 529 BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600498 ER PT J AU Selevan, SG Hogan, K Euling, SY Pfahles-Hutchens, A Rice, D AF Selevan, SG Hogan, K Euling, SY Pfahles-Hutchens, A Rice, D TI Environmental exposure and puberty onset in girls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 534 BP S176 EP S176 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600503 ER PT J AU Sheldon, L Williams, R Suggs, J Evans, G Rea, A Vette, A Burke, J Croghan, C Leovic, K Creason, J Walsh, D Rodes, C Thornburg, J Lawless, P Ejire, A Sanders, W AF Sheldon, L Williams, R Suggs, J Evans, G Rea, A Vette, A Burke, J Croghan, C Leovic, K Creason, J Walsh, D Rodes, C Thornburg, J Lawless, P Ejire, A Sanders, W TI Summary findings from the US EPA's particulate matter panel studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Shaw Univ, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 014 BP S83 EP S83 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600038 ER PT J AU Sohn, MD McKone, TE Rigas, ML Blancato, JN AF Sohn, MD McKone, TE Rigas, ML Blancato, JN TI Reconstructing exposures to populations: Are complex models necessary? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 220 BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600216 ER PT J AU Swartz, E Stockburger, L Vallero, D AF Swartz, E Stockburger, L Vallero, D TI Monitoring toxic organic gases and particles near the world trade center after September 11, 2001 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 233 BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600228 ER PT J AU Thomas, K Sheldon, L Gordon, S Jones, M Reynolds, S Raymer, J Akland, G Dosemeci, M Alavanja, M AF Thomas, K Sheldon, L Gordon, S Jones, M Reynolds, S Raymer, J Akland, G Dosemeci, M Alavanja, M TI Interim results from the Agricultural Health Study/Pesticide Exposure Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 076 BP S94 EP S94 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600091 ER PT J AU Tomerlin, JR Barraj, LM Melnyk, L Berry, MR Gordon, SM AF Tomerlin, JR Barraj, LM Melnyk, L Berry, MR Gordon, SM TI Alternatives to duplicate diet methodology SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Novigen Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 777 BP S218 EP S219 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600716 ER PT J AU Trenga, CA Slaughter, C Goldman, B Budge, M Sullivan, J Kaufman, JD Sheppard, L Liu, LJS Shapiro, GG Koenig, JQ AF Trenga, CA Slaughter, C Goldman, B Budge, M Sullivan, J Kaufman, JD Sheppard, L Liu, LJS Shapiro, GG Koenig, JQ TI Effect of fine particulate (Pm-2.5)air pollution exposure on pulmonary function in pediatric subjects with asthma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NW Res Ctr Particulate Air Pollut & Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 876 BP S237 EP S237 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600809 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Whitaker, D Fortman, R Brown, H Bozeman, ER Hilliard, A Naeher, LP AF Tulve, NS Whitaker, D Fortman, R Brown, H Bozeman, ER Hilliard, A Naeher, LP TI Environmental measurements of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides to assess exposures of young children living in Jacksonville, FL SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Childhood Lead Poisioning Prevent Program, Jacksonville, FL 32204 USA. Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Jacksonville, FL 32211 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 147 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600149 ER PT J AU Vette, A Landis, M Swartz, E Williams, R LaPosta, D Kantz, M Filippelli, J Webb, L Ellestad, T Vallero, D AF Vette, A Landis, M Swartz, E Williams, R LaPosta, D Kantz, M Filippelli, J Webb, L Ellestad, T Vallero, D TI Concentration and speciation of PM at ground zero and lower Manhattan following the collapse of the WTC SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66115 USA. US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 235 BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600230 ER PT J AU Vette, A Rea, A Suggs, J Williams, R AF Vette, A Rea, A Suggs, J Williams, R TI Gaseous co-pollutants associated with particulate matter-results from the NERL RTP PM panel study. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 010 BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600034 ER PT J AU Viet, S Marker, D Fraser, A Friedman, W Zhou, J Tulve, N Highsmith, R Cave, C AF Viet, S Marker, D Fraser, A Friedman, W Zhou, J Tulve, N Highsmith, R Cave, C TI Methods and lead and allergen results from the first national environmental health survey of child care centers. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Comm, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 521 BP S173 EP S173 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600490 ER PT J AU Wallace, LA Ott, WR AF Wallace, LA Ott, WR TI Application of the random component superposition(RCS) model to PM2.5 personal exposure and indoor air quality measurements in different cities SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Reston, VA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 353 BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600331 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Ouyang, M Georgopoulos, PG AF Wang, SW Ouyang, M Georgopoulos, PG TI Systematic model reduction for efficient multimedia/multipathway exposure and dose assessments SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UMDNJ, RW Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. US EPA, NERL, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 762 BP S216 EP S216 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600703 ER PT J AU Weisel, CP Lioy, PJ Millette, J Eisenreich, S Vallero, D Offenberg, J Buckley, B Turpin, B Zhong, M Cohen, MD Prophete, C Yang, I Stiles, R Chee, G Johnson, W Alimokhtari, S Weschler, C Chen, LC AF Weisel, CP Lioy, PJ Millette, J Eisenreich, S Vallero, D Offenberg, J Buckley, B Turpin, B Zhong, M Cohen, MD Prophete, C Yang, I Stiles, R Chee, G Johnson, W Alimokhtari, S Weschler, C Chen, LC TI Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) after it's collapse SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, RU, Envrionm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Community Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Piscataway, NJ USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. MVA, Norcross, GA USA. NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, New York, NY USA. RI YANG, ILL /F-4693-2010; Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; yu, yan/C-2322-2012; Weschler, Charles/A-9788-2009 OI Weschler, Charles/0000-0002-9097-5850 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 234 BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600229 ER PT J AU Wheeler, A Suh, H Koutrakis, P Reid, C Wallace, LA Ryan, PB AF Wheeler, A Suh, H Koutrakis, P Reid, C Wallace, LA Ryan, PB TI Analysis of components of particulate matter (PM2.5) for an exposure assessment study of two sensitive cohorts in Atlanta, GA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 018 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600042 ER PT J AU Williams, R Riediker, M Sheldon, L Devlin, R Griggs, T Stevens, C Pleil, J McCorquodale, S AF Williams, R Riediker, M Sheldon, L Devlin, R Griggs, T Stevens, C Pleil, J McCorquodale, S TI Preliminary findings on the assessment of potential car-related occupational PM and air toxics exposure to patrol troopers (COPP study) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina Highway Patrol, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 104 BP S98 EP S98 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600112 ER PT J AU Williams, R Rea, A Suggs, J Leovic, K Vette, A Sheldon, L Rodes, C Thornburg, C Ejire, A Sanders, W AF Williams, R Rea, A Suggs, J Leovic, K Vette, A Sheldon, L Rodes, C Thornburg, C Ejire, A Sanders, W TI Exposure assessment from the NERL Research Triangle Park Particulate Matter Panel Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Shaw Univ, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 015 BP S83 EP S83 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600039 ER PT J AU Wilson, NK Iachen, R Chuang, JC Gordon, SM Evans, GF Feder, P Strauss, W Ozkaynak, H Sheldon, LS Morgan, MK AF Wilson, NK Iachen, R Chuang, JC Gordon, SM Evans, GF Feder, P Strauss, W Ozkaynak, H Sheldon, LS Morgan, MK TI Children's total exposures to persistent pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants(CTEPP): An overview SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 142 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600144 ER PT J AU Wilson, W Mar, T Marcus, A AF Wilson, W Mar, T Marcus, A TI Would you believe a 20% excess risk of cardiovascular mortality for a 10MG/M-3 increase in fine PM (for people 65-99 years old in Phoenix, AZ 1995-1997)? If so, what is special about Phoenix? If not, find the error! SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 884 BP S239 EP S239 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600817 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE AF Wilson, WE TI Implications of using ambient PM concentration as a surrogate for PM exposure in statistical and epidemiologic analyses of time series data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 086 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600098 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Parker, J Heck, K Saulnier, L Schoendorf, K AF Woodruff, TJ Parker, J Heck, K Saulnier, L Schoendorf, K TI Air pollution and low birth weight in California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 551 BP S179 EP S179 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600519 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Murphy, PA AF Wright, JM Murphy, PA TI Strengthening links between epidemiology and traditional risk assessment approaches using human data to explore improved exposure assessment methodologies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Post Doctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 161 BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600162 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Bateson, TF AF Wright, JM Bateson, TF TI Sensitivity analyses of disinfection by-product exposure estimates SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Post Doctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 162 BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600163 ER PT J AU Zartarian, VG Xue, J Dang, W Ozkaynak, H Cook, N Aviado, D Mostaghimi, S Chen, J AF Zartarian, VG Xue, J Dang, W Ozkaynak, H Cook, N Aviado, D Mostaghimi, S Chen, J TI Modeling aggregate exposure and dose of children to a wood treatment preservative from playsets and home decks SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 209 BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600206 ER PT J AU Zenick, H AF Zenick, H TI Developing a state of the environment report at EPA: The status of true health outcome measures to reflect the impact of environmental decision-making SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 044 BP S89 EP S89 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600065 ER PT J AU Naba, B Boufadel, MC Weaver, J AF Naba, B Boufadel, MC Weaver, J TI The role of capillary forces in steady-state and transient seepage flows SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; UNSATURATED FLOW; WATER-TABLE; SIMULATION; EQUATION; BEACHES AB Steady and transient seepage problems were investigated numerically using a dimensionless formulation for water flow in variably saturated, two-dimensional anisotropic and homogenous porous media. The dimensionless formulation combines the aspect ratio and the anisotropy ratio in one dimensionless parameter, M, and accounts for capillarity effects using the ratio of the domain height to the height of capillary fringe as another dimensionless parameter, alpha. Two domain geometries were considered: rectangular and trapezoidal. It was found that M and alpha play major roles in the development and the height of the seepage face. The height of the steady-state seepage face increased with the decreasing value of alpha. The effects of capillarity on the development of the transient seepage face were investigated by lowering the open water level on one side of the domain at various uniform velocities while the other side was kept at a constant value. It was found for most scenarios that decoupling between the water table and the open water level first occurred for domains with large alpha. In other words, the seepage face heights of these systems were larger than those with a small alpha. These results are the opposite of the steady-state results and are due to the fact that drainage of the pores was the major mechanism controlling the drop of the transient water table, especially at earlier times. A criterion for the decoupling of the water table from the falling open water level (i.e., the formation of the transient seepage face) was developed by Dracos (1965). It states that decoupling does not occur as long as the falling speed, VF, of the open water level is less than V-d = K-o sin(2) B/phi where K-o is the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil, phi is the porosity, and beta is the angle of the exit face with the horizontal (i.e., beta = pi/2 implies a vertical face). Our investigation revealed that decoupling occurs for smaller falling velocities than Vd, and is caused by, among others, the fact that the water table is not tangent to the exit face but rather intersects it at a nonzero angle. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Naba, B (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02519.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 573JY UT WOS:000176827400014 PM 12113359 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK De Jesus, VR AF Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK De Jesus, VR TI Testing antimicrobial efficacy on porous materials SO INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial efficacy; biocontaminant; encapsulant; heating; ventilating and air-conditioning AB The efficacy of antimicrobial treatments to eliminate or control biological growth in the indoor environment can easily be tested on non-porous surfaces. However, the testing of antimicrobial efficacy on porous surfaces, such as those found in the indoor environment (i.e., gypsum board, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning duct-liner insulation, and wood products) can be more complicated and prone to incorrect conclusions regarding residual organisms and non-viable allergens. Research to control biological growth using three separate antimicrobial encapsulants on contaminated duct-liner insulation has been performed in both field and laboratory testing. The results indicate differences in antimicrobial efficacy for the period of testing. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Menetrez, MY (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-326X J9 INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON JI Indoor Built Environ. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1159/000066014 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 613RD UT WOS:000179144500004 ER PT J AU Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK AF Menetrez, MY Foarde, KK TI Microbial volatile organic compound emission rates and exposure model SO INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE indoor air; volatile organic compounds; bio-contaminants; total volatile organic compounds; microbial volatile organic compounds; emission rates ID BUILDING-MATERIALS; METABOLITES; GROWTH; FUNGI; MEDIA AB This paper presents the results from a study that examined microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) emissions from six fungi and one bacterial species (Streptomyces spp.) commonly found in indoor environments. Data are presented on peak emission rates from inoculated agar plates loaded with surface growth, ranging from 33.5 mug.m(-2) per 24 h (Cladosporium sphaerospermum)to 515 mug.m(-2) per 24 h (Rhodotorula glutinis). Furthermore, changes in MVOC emission levels during the growth cycle of two of the micro-organisms are examined. This report also includes a calculation of the impact of MVOC emissions on indoor air quality in a typical house and an application of an exposure model used in a typical school environment. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Engn & Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM menetrez.marc@epa.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1420-326X EI 1423-0070 J9 INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON JI Indoor Built Environ. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1177/1420326X0201100405 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 613RD UT WOS:000179144500005 ER PT J AU Segal, RA Martonen, TB Kim, CS Shearer, M AF Segal, RA Martonen, TB Kim, CS Shearer, M TI Computer simulations of particle deposition in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; FINE PARTICLES; RESISTANCE; AIRWAYS; MODELS; ASTHMA; COPD AB Epidemiology data show that mortality rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients increase with an increase in concentration of ambient particulate matter (PM). This is not seen for normal subjects. Therefore, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified COPD patients as a susceptible subpopulation to be considered in regulatory standards. in the present study, a computer model was used to calculate deposition fractions of PM within the lungs of COPD patients. The morphology of COPD lungs was characterized by two distinct components: obstruction of airways (chronic bronchitis component), and degeneration of alveolar structure (emphysema component). The chronic bronchitis component teas modeled by reducing airway diameters using airway resistance measurements in vivo, and the emphysema component was modeled by increasing alveolar volumes. Calculated results were compared with experimental data obtained from COPD patients for controlled breathing trials (tidal volume of 500 ml, respiratory time of 1 s) with a particle size of 1 mum. The model successfully depicts PM deposition patterns and their dependence on the severity of disease. The findings indicate that airway obstructions are the main cause for increased deposition in the COPD lung. C1 US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), US EPA, ETD, NHEERL, Mail Drop 74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 7 BP 705 EP 720 DI 10.1080/08958370290084593 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 577HG UT WOS:000177055000003 PM 12122571 ER PT J AU Huff, J AF Huff, J TI IARC monographs, industry influence, and upgrading, downgrading, and under-grading chemicals - A personal point of view SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE International Agency for Research on; Cancer; public health; worker health; scientific integrity; IARC monographs; carcinogenicity; industry; standards; primary prevention; National Toxicology Program ID INDUCED HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAYS; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; FIBROUS GLASS; CANCER; 1,3-BUTADIENE; MECHANISMS; EXPOSURE AB The first IARC Monographs Volume was distributed in 1972, and over the 23 years through 1993, under the leadership of Dr Lorenzo Tomatis, 59 IARC Monographs were completed. During 1977-1979 the author was privileged to lead the program for Volumes 15-22, and participated in the pioneering development of the LARC Preamble and Categories of Evidence. During this era other Chiefs of the IARC Monographs included Claus Agthe, Harri Vainio, Antero Aitio, and Julian Wilbourn. Since then (starting with Volume 62: 1995), a new attitude seems to have pervaded the IARC Monographs program, resulting in an increasing influence of or partiality for industry and a diminishing dedication to public and occupational health and safety concerns, and for primary prevention. Some of this attitude comes from an apparent misguided scientific zest prematurely to endorse purported or hypothetical mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis or modes of action of chemicals causing cancer in experimental animals' These speculations are in turn used cavalierly to discount the value of experimental evidence for predicting probable carcinogenicity to humans. Most often this is accomplished by opining that the mechanism(s) of carcinogenicity in animals would not be operative in humans. End of explanation. Examples whereby the IARC has recently "down-graded" or "under-graded" the available evidence of carcinogenicity include: acrylonitrile; atrazine; benzidine-based dyes; 1,3-butadiene, dichloromethane (methylene chloride); di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; glass wool insulation, MtBE [methyl tertiary butyl ether]; ochratoxin A; saccharin; sunlamps and sunbeds (use of); trichloroethylene; sulfamethazine; and others more inclusively mentioned in the text and tables. Further impeding or compromising public health, chemicals causing site-specific cancers in animals attendant with calculi/precipitate in the urinary bladder, goiter and thyroid gland, kidney and alpha-2mu globulin, peroxisome proliferation and liver tumors, and cell proliferation in general have led the LARC to discount these carcinogenic effects. To stem this tide at the IARC, new leadership, with more objectivity mid public health perspective, is needed. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 63 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 249 EP 270 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 595DN UT WOS:000178091700010 PM 12358081 ER PT J AU Spiesman, AL Bhat, SS Rizzo, GS AF Spiesman, AL Bhat, SS Rizzo, GS TI Using the CCR to talk to your public SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDM, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. Dist Columbia Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC 20032 USA. US EPA, Reg 3, Drinking Water Branch, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Spiesman, AL (reprint author), CDM, 7611 Little River Turnpike,Suite 600 W, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 94 IS 7 BP 28 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 571JF UT WOS:000176713700010 ER PT J AU Gerlach, RW Dobb, DE Raab, GA Nocerino, JM AF Gerlach, RW Dobb, DE Raab, GA Nocerino, JM TI Gy sampling theory in environmental studies. 1. Assessing soil splitting protocols SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE sampling; sample splitting; subsampling; Gy sampling theory; particulate sampling; soil sampling AB Five soil sample splitting methods (riffle splitting, paper cone riffle splitting, fractional shoveling, coning and quartering, and grab sampling) were evaluated with synthetic samples to verify Pierre Gy sampling theory expectations. Individually prepared samples consisting of layers of sand, NaCl and magnetite were left layered until splitting to simulate stratification from transport or density effects. Riffle splitting performed the best, with approximate 99% confidence levels of less than 2%, followed by paper cone riffle splitting. Coning and quartering and fractional shoveling were associated with significantly higher variability and also took much longer to perform. Common grab sampling was the poorest performer, with approximate 99% confidence levels of 100%-150% and biases of 15%-20%. Method performance rankings were in qualitative agreement with expectations from Gy sampling theory. Precision results depended on the number of increments, the type of increment, and other factors influencing the probability of selecting a particle at random, and were all much higher than Pierre Gy's fundamental error estimate of 1%. A critical factor associated with good performance for these methods is a low conditional probability of sampling adjacent particles. Accuracy levels were dominated by the sampling process rather than by the analytical method. Sampling accuracy was at least two orders of magnitude worse than the accuracy of the analytical method. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lockheed Martin Environm Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Gerlach, RW (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Environm Serv, 1050 E Flamingo Rd,Suite E120, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rgerlach@lmepo.com NR 9 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 16 IS 7 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1002/cem.705 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 577QE UT WOS:000177072200001 ER PT J AU Sayle, AE Wilcox, AJ Weinberg, CR Baird, DD AF Sayle, AE Wilcox, AJ Weinberg, CR Baird, DD TI A prospective study of the onset of symptoms of pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE symptoms of pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; nausea; prospective studies ID NAUSEA; ASSOCIATION; MARIJUANA; SICKNESS; TOBACCO; SEX AB The objective of this study was to provide prospectively collected data on the onset of pregnancy symptoms. Two hundred twenty-one women attempting pregnancy kept daily records of the occurrence of symptoms of pregnancy. Among 130 women delivering live infants, half began experiencing symptoms by day 36 after their last menstrual period (LMP), and 89% by the end of the eighth week. Onset of symptoms occurred later in pregnancies that went on to miscarry. Among 48 women with biochemically detected pregnancy loss before 6 weeks LMP, symptoms were substantially reduced but not entirely absent. Women who smoked tobacco or marijuana tended to have delayed onset of symptoms, Nearly 90% of women with successful pregnancies experience symptoms within 8 weeks LMP. Even pregnancies lost very early (before 6 weeks) are sometimes symptomatic. The earliest symptoms do not begin until after key stages of embryogenesis, reinforcing the need for women to initiate sound health behaviors before pregnancy is apparent. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Durham, NC USA. RP Sayle, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311; Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 55 IS 7 BP 676 EP 680 AR PII S0895-4356(02)00402-X DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00402-X PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 576HA UT WOS:000176996600007 PM 12160915 ER PT J AU Chen, JL Al-Abed, S Roulier, M Ryan, J Kemper, M AF Chen, JL Al-Abed, S Roulier, M Ryan, J Kemper, M TI Effects of electroosmosis on soil temperature and hydraulic head. I: Field observations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE head; fluid mechanics; temperature; electroosmosis; soils; field investigation AB A field test to quantify the changes in soil temperature and the hydraulic head during electroosmosis was conducted. The anode (3.1 m x 3.4 m) was created by laying pieces of titanium mesh coated with mixed metal oxides on top of a 3 cm thick sand layer to a depth of 0.4 m. The cathode (2.5 m in radius) was a hydraulic fracture filled with granular graphite to a depth of 2.2 m. A constant voltage of 47 V was applied for 4 weeks, resulting a nearly constant current of 42 A between the electrodes. The electrical potentials and soil temperatures were monitored at 7.5 cm depth intervals at distances 0.6, 1.2, 2.1, and 3.0 in from the cathode well. Arrays of piezometers were installed at various depths and at radial distances from the cathode well to monitor the hydraulic head distribution. The initial soil temperature decreased by 2-3degreesC/m of depth with a minor radial gradient. After the power was turned on, the temperature of soil in the vicinity of the graphite increased significantly. The increased temperature propagated outward as a contour in the radial direction of the graphite well causing the vertical temperature gradient to disappear. The propagating speed of the temperature contours decreased with the energy input. In addition, the temperature contours close to the edges of both the mesh and the graphite electrodes increased and propagated outward vertically. In the regions where these three propagating fronts met, the soil temperature profiles were distorted and formed "S" shaped contours. The hydraulic head close to the anode decreased between 0 and 10 cm, whereas it increased between 2 and 6 cm close to the cathode. The results show that electroosmosis caused a hydraulic gradient that was opposite to the electroosmotic flow. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chen, JL (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2002 VL 128 IS 7 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:7(588) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 565AQ UT WOS:000176346100004 ER PT J AU Chen, JL Al-Abed, S Ryan, J Roulier, M Kemper, M AF Chen, JL Al-Abed, S Ryan, J Roulier, M Kemper, M TI Effects of electroosmosis on soil temperature and hydraulic head. II: Numerical simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE head; fluid mechanics; numerical models; temperature; electroosmosis; soils ID FIELD-TEST; FLOW AB A numerical model to simulate the distributions of the voltage, soil temperature, and hydraulic head during a field test of electroosmosis was developed. The two-dimensional governing equations for the distributions of the voltage, soil temperature, and hydraulic head within a cylindrical domain are derived based on the principles of charge, energy, and mass conservations, Darcy's law, Ohm's law. and Fourier's law of heat conduction. We assumed that the voltage distribution was at steady state, whereas the soil temperature and hydraulic head were at transient states during the test. The simulated domain was segmented with a block-centered finite-difference scheme and the resulting equations were solved numerically with the successive overrelaxation method. The parameters (such as electrical, thermal, hydraulic, and electroosmotic properties of the soil, graphite, and sand) that were required by the model were measured either using core samples or slug tests. The model is able to predict the pattern as well as the magnitude of the voltage profiles observed. The simulated temperatures are similar in pattern and are within 3degreesC of the values observed in the four casings during 4 weeks of electroosmosis. The changes in the rates of temperature with an increase in energy input predicted by the model are in agreement with the observed changes. The output from the hydraulic head simulations showed that the model could predict patterns of hydraulic head changes in the vicinity of mesh and graphite electrodes. The model, however, underestimated the magnitude of the changes close to the anode. The simulated electroosmotic flow rate of 0.9 L/h is also consistent with the observation of 0.6-0.8 L/h. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chen, JL (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2002 VL 128 IS 7 BP 596 EP 603 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:7(596) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 565AQ UT WOS:000176346100005 ER PT J AU Everson, WV Ware, MW Dubey, JP Lindquist, HDA AF Everson, WV Ware, MW Dubey, JP Lindquist, HDA TI Isolation of purified oocyst walls and sporocysts from Toxoplasma gondii SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS); gradient sedimentation; iodixanol ID DRINKING-WATER; SPOROZOITES; OUTBREAK; SOIL; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TACHYZOITES; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are environmentally resistant and can infect virtually all warm-blooded hosts, including humans and livestock. Little is known about the biochemical basis for this resistance of oocysts, and mechanism for excystation of T. gondii sporozoites. The objective of the present study was to evaluate different methods (mechanical fragmentation, gradients, flow cytometry) to separate and purify T. gondii oocyst walls and sporocysts. Oocyst walls were successfully separated and purified using iodixanol gradients. Sporocysts were successfully separated and purified using iodixanol and Percoll gradients. Purification was also achieved by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) yielded analytical quantities of oocyst walls and intact sporocysts. Flow cytometry with FACS also proved useful for quantitation of purity obtained following iodixanol gradient fractionation. Methods reported in this paper will be useful for analytical purposes, such as proteomic analysis of components unique to this life cycle stage, development of detection methods, or excystation studies. C1 US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Anim & Nat Res Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindquist, HDA (reprint author), US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00381.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 584GA UT WOS:000177457800012 PM 12188226 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Suggs, JC McCurdy, T Hubal, EAC Moya, J AF Tulve, NS Suggs, JC McCurdy, T Hubal, EAC Moya, J TI Frequency of mouthing behavior in young children SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indirect ingestion exposure; mouthing behavior; young children ID PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE AB Young children may be more likely than adults to be exposed to pesticides following a residential application as a result of hand- and object-to-mouth contacts in contaminated areas. However, relatively few studies have specifically evaluated mouthing behavior in children less than 5 years of age. Previously unpublished data collected by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) were analyzed to assess the mouthing behavior of 72 children (37 males/35 females). Total mouthing behavior data included the daily frequency of both mouth and tongue contacts with hands, other body parts, surfaces, natural objects, and toys. Eating events were excluded. Children ranged in age from 11 to 60 months. Observations for more than 1 day were available for 78% of the children, The total data set was disaggregated by gender into five age groups (10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40- 50, 50- 60 months). Statistical analyses of the data were then undertaken to determine if significant differences existed among the age/gender subgroups in the sample. A mixed effects linear model was used to test the associations among age, gender, and mouthing frequencies, Subjects were treated as random and independent, and intrasubject variability was accounted for with an autocorrelation function. Results indicated that there was no association between mouthing frequency and gender. However, a clear relationship was observed between mouthing frequency and age. Using a tree analysis, two distinct groups could be identified: children less than or equal to24 and children >24 months of age. Children less than or equal to24 months exhibited the highest frequency of mouthing behavior with 81+/-7 events/h (mean+/-SE) (n=28 subjects, 69 observations). Children >24 months exhibited the lowest frequency of mouthing behavior with 42+/-4 events/h (n=44 subjects, 117 observations). These results suggest that children are less likely to place objects into their mouths as they age. These changes in mouthing behavior as a child ages should be accounted for when assessing aggregate exposure to pesticides in the residential environment. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tulve, NS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-E20504, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500225 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 574FK UT WOS:000176877700004 PM 12087432 ER PT J AU Wallace, LA Emmerich, SJ Howard-Reed, C AF Wallace, LA Emmerich, SJ Howard-Reed, C TI Continuous measurements of air change rates in an occupied house for 1 year: The effect of temperature, wind, fans, and windows SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indoor air quality; infiltration; residence; tracer gas; ventilation AB A year-long investigation of air change rates in an occupied house was undertaken to establish the effects of temperature, wind velocity, use of exhaust fans, and window-opening behavior. Air change rates were calculated by periodically injecting a tracer gas (SF6) into the return air duct and measuring the concentration in 10 indoor locations sequentially every minute by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Temperatures were also measured outdoors and in the 10 indoor locations. Relative humidity (RH) was measured outdoors and in five indoor locations every 5 min, Wind speed and direction in the horizontal plane were measured using a portable meteorological station mounted on the rooftop. Use of the thermostat-controlled attic fan was recorded automatically. Indoor temperatures increased from 21degreesC in winter to 27degreesC in summer. Indoor RH increased from 20% to 70% in die same time period. Windows were open only a few percent of the time in winter but more than half the time in summer. About 4600 hour-long average air change rates were calculated from the measured tracer gas decay rates. The mean (SD) rate was 0.65 (0.56) h(-1). Tracer gas decay rates in different rooms were very similar, ranging only from 0.62 to 0.67 h(-1), suggesting that conditions were well mixed throughout the year. The strongest influence on air change rates was opening windows, which could increase the rate to as much as 2 h(-1) for extended periods, and up to 3 h(-1) for short periods of a few hours. The use of the attic fan also increased air change rates by amounts up to 1 h(-1). Use of the furnace fan had no effect on air change rates. Although a clear effect of indoors outdoor temperature difference could be discerned, its magnitude was relatively small, with a very large temperature difference of 30degreesC (54 F) accounting for an increase in the air change rate of about 0.6 h(-1). Wind speed and direction were found to have very little influence on air change rates at this house. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr 555, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wallace, LA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr 555, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Reed, 0./B-5695-2009; Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 27 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500229 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 574FK UT WOS:000176877700008 PM 12087436 ER PT J AU Foarde, KK Menetrez, MY AF Foarde, KK Menetrez, MY TI Evaluating the potential efficacy of three antifungal sealants of duct liner and galvanized steel as used in HVAC systems SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungal growth; antifungals; ventilation ID HUMIDITY AB Current recommendations for remediation of fiberglass duct materials contaminated with fungi specify complete removal, which can be extremely expensive, but in-place duct cleaning may not provide adequate protection from regrowth of fungal contamination. Therefore, a common practice in the duct-cleaning industry is the postcleaning use of antifungal surface coatings with the implication that they may contain or limit regrowth. However, even the proper use of these products has generally been discouraged because little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of most products as used in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Three different coatings were evaluated on fiberglass duct liner (FGDL). Two of the three coatings were able to limit growth in the 3-month study; the third did not. One of the coatings that was able to limit growth was further evaluated in a comparison of FGDL or galvanized steel (GS) under conditions that mimicked their use in HVAC systems. The results showed that both moderately soiled and heavily soiled uncoated FGDL and GS duct material can support fungal growth, but that GS duct material was more readily cleaned. The use of an antifungal coating helped limit, but did not fully contain, regrowth on FGDL. No regrowth was detected on the coated GS. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Environm Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Foarde, KK (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Environm Technol, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.7000261 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 574PQ UT WOS:000176899100008 PM 12080426 ER PT J AU Rhen, T Crews, D AF Rhen, T Crews, D TI Variation in reproductive behaviour within a sex: Neural systems and endocrine activation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE alternative tactics; hormones; hypothalamus; intrasexual variation; reproductive behaviour ID ALTERNATIVE MALE PHENOTYPES; NAKED MOLE-RATS; PLATYFISH XIPHOPHORUS-MACULATUS; GECKO EUBLEPHARIS-MACULARIUS; HATCHLING SNAPPING TURTLES; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; VOCAL CONTROL-SYSTEM; MALE CRICKET FROGS; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; ARGININE VASOTOCIN AB Intrasexual variation in reproductive behaviour, morphology and physiology is taxonomically widespread in vertebrates, and is as biologically and ecologically significant as the differences between the sexes. In this review, we examine the diverse patterns of intrasexual variation in reproductive behaviours within vertebrates. By illustrating the genetic, cellular, hormonal and/or neural mechanisms underlying behavioural variation in a number of species, another level of complexity is added to studies of brain organization and function. Such information increases our understanding of the unique and conserved mechanisms underlying sex and individual differences in behaviour in vertebrates as a whole. Here, we show that intrasexual variation in behaviour may be discrete or continuous in nature. Moreover, this variation may be due to polymorphism at a single genetic locus or many loci, or may even be the result of phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity simply refers to cases where a single genotype (or individual) can produce (or display) different phenotypes. Defined in this way, plasticity subsumes many different types of behavioural variation. For example, some behavioural phenotypes are established by environmental factors during early ontogeny, others are the result of developmental transitions from one phenotype early in life to another later in life, and still other strategies are facultative with different behaviours displayed in different social contexts. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Biol Sci, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX USA. RP Rhen, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 108 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-8194 J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL JI J. Neuroendocrinol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 7 BP 517 EP 531 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00820.x PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 570QT UT WOS:000176669600001 PM 12121488 ER PT J AU Musante, CJ Schroeter, JD Rosati, JA Crowder, TM Hickey, AJ Martonen, TB AF Musante, CJ Schroeter, JD Rosati, JA Crowder, TM Hickey, AJ Martonen, TB TI Factors affecting the deposition of inhaled porous drug particles SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE inhaled porous drug particles; drug delivery; mathematical model ID PULMONARY DEPOSITION; AEROSOLIZED DRUGS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; HUMAN LUNGS; DELIVERY; INHALATION; PATTERNS; MORPHOLOGY; PEPTIDE; MODEL AB Recent findings indicate that the inhalation of large manufactured porous particles may be particularly effective for drug delivery. In this study, a mathematical model was employed to systematically investigate the effects of particle size, particle density, aerosol polydispersity, and patient ventilatory parameters on deposition patterns of inhaled drugs in healthy human lungs. Aerodynamically similar particles with densities of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 g/cm(3) were considered. Particle size distributions were defined with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) ranging from 1 to 3 mum and geometric standard deviations ranging from 1.5 to 2.5, representing particles in the respirable size range. Breathing rates of 30 and 60 L/min with tidal volumes of 500 to 3000 mL were assumed, simulating shallow to deep breaths from a dry powder inhaler. Particles with a high density and a small geometric diameter had slightly greater deposition fractions than particles that were aerodynamically similar, but had lower density and larger geometric size (typical of manufactured porous particles). This can be explained by the fact that particles with a small geometric diameter deposit primarily by diffusion, which is a function of geometric size but is independent of density. As MMAD increased, the effect of density on deposition was less pronounced because of the decreased efficiency of diffusion for large particles. These data suggest that polydisperse aerosols containing a significant proportion of submicron particles will deposit in the pulmonary airways with greater efficiency than aerodynamically similar aerosols comprised of geometrically larger porous particles. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Entelos Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Martonen, TB (reprint author), Oriel Therapeut, POB 14087, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1590 EP 1600 DI 10.1002/jps.10152 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 568NN UT WOS:000176548700003 PM 12115821 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Howard-Reed, C AF Wallace, L Howard-Reed, C TI Continuous monitoring of ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles in a residence for 18 months in 1999-2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PERSONAL EXPOSURE; INDOOR PARTICLES; SIZE; PENETRATION; AIR; DEPOSITION; EMISSIONS; BALTIMORE; OUTDOOR; NUMBER AB Continuous monitors were employed for 18 months in an occupied townhouse to measure ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles; air change rates; wind speed and direction; temperature: and relative humidity (RH). A main objective was to document short-term and long-term variation in indoor air concentrations of size-resolved particles (0.01-20 mum) caused by (1) diurnal and seasonal variation of outdoor air concentrations and meteorological variables, (2) indoor sources such as cooking and using candles, and (3) activities affecting air change rates such as opening windows and using fans. A second objective was to test and compare available instruments for their suitability in providing real-time estimates of particle levels and. ancillary variables. Despite different measuring principles, the instruments employed in this study agreed. reasonably well for particles less than 10 mum in diameter. The three instruments measuring fine and coarse particles (aerodynamic diameter between 0.3 and 20 mum) agreed to within 30% in their overall estimates of total volume. Two of these instruments employed optical scattering, and the third used an aerodynamic acceleration principle, However, several lines of evidence indicated that the instrument employing aerodynamic acceleration overestimated concentrations for particle diameters greater than 10 mum. A fourth instrument measuring ultrafine and accumulation-mode particles (0.01-1 mum) was operated with two different inlets providing somewhat different particle size ranges. The two inlets agreed in the ultrafine region (<0.1 mum) but diverged increasingly for larger particles (up to 0.445 mum). Indoor sources affecting ultrafine particle concentrations were observed 22% of the time, and sources affecting fine and coarse particle concentrations were observed 12 and 15% of the time, respectively. When an indoor source was operating, particle concentrations for different sizes ranged from 2 to 20 times the average concentrations when no indoor source was apparent, Indoor sources, such as cooking with natural gas, and simple physical activities, such as walking, accounted for a majority (50-90%) of the ultrafine and coarse particle concentrations, whereas outdoor sources were more important for accumulation-mode particles between 0.1 and 1 mum in diameter. Averaged for the entire year and including no periods when indoor sources were apparent, the number distribution was bimodal, with a peak at similar to10 nm (possibly smaller), a shallow minimum at similar to14 nm, and a second broad peak at similar to68 nm. The volume distribution was also bimodal, with a broad peak at similar to200 nm, a minimum at similar to1.2 mum, and then an upward slope again through the remaining size fractions. A database was created on a 5-min averaging time basis. It contains more than 90,000 measurements by two of the instruments and approximately 30,000 by the two optical scattering instruments. About 4500 hour-long average air change rates were also calculated throughout the year using a dedicated gas chromatograph with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). At high air change rates [>0.8 air changes per hour (hr(-1))], particle concentrations were either elevated (when no source was present) or depressed (when an indoor source was operating) by factors of up to 2 compared with low air change rates. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Reston, VA USA. RP Wallace, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Reston, VA USA. RI Reed, 0./B-5695-2009; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 42 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 52 IS 7 BP 828 EP 844 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 573WD UT WOS:000176854100009 PM 12139348 ER PT J AU Selvakumar, A Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M AF Selvakumar, A Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M TI Costs for water supply distribution system rehabilitation SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE water distribution; costs; pipes; rehabilitation; excavation; trenching; replacement AB There is growing concern over the need to rehabilitate, replace, and repair drinking water distribution systems and wastewater collection systems in the United States. A recent survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found that $138 billion will be needed to maintain and replace existing drinking water systems over the next 20 years. It is estimated that $77 billion of this expenditure will be dedicated to repairing and rehabilitating pipelines. Given the cost and disruption caused by replacing distribution system pipe using conventional open trench technology, utilities are beginning to increase the application of rehabilitation or trenchless replacement technologies to extend the life of existing pipes. This paper discusses the various types of technologies that can be used for rehabilitation and repair of drinking water distribution components. It also presents representative costs that can be used by utility managers to estimate order-of-magnitude budgetary costs for rehabilitation and replacement of distribution system components. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Director, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Selvakumar, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Urban Watershed Management Branch, MS-104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:4(303) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 566VT UT WOS:000176449500008 ER PT J AU Stokes, WS Hill, RN AF Stokes, WS Hill, RN TI The role of ICCVAM in evaluating new and alternative test methods SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO TESTS; SKIN CORROSIVITY; CHEMICALS C1 NIEHS, NTP Interagcy, Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stokes, WS (reprint author), NIEHS, NTP Interagcy, Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Environm Toxicol Program, Mail Code EC 17,POB 1233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 568NT UT WOS:000176549100004 PM 12200591 ER PT J AU Sailstad, DM AF Sailstad, DM TI Murine local lymph node assay: An alternative test method for skin hypersensitivity testing SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID HEXYL CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE; ICCVAM EVALUATION; SENSITIZATION; VEHICLE; POTENCY; TRIAL C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sailstad, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, MD 92, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sailstad.denise@epa.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 568NT UT WOS:000176549100005 PM 12200592 ER PT J AU Rispin, A McCall, D Farrar, D Margosches, E Gupta, K Stitzel, K Carr, G Greene, M Rogers, J Meyer, W AF Rispin, A McCall, D Farrar, D Margosches, E Gupta, K Stitzel, K Carr, G Greene, M Rogers, J Meyer, W TI Alternative methods for acute oral toxicity testing: Practical guidance for implementation SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Washington, DC USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Rispin, A (reprint author), US EPA, AR, Bldg 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 568NT UT WOS:000176549100006 PM 12200593 ER PT J AU D'Andrea, AF Aller, RC Lopez, GR AF D'Andrea, AF Aller, RC Lopez, GR TI Organic matter flux and reactivity on a South Carolina sandflat: The impacts of porewater advection and macrobiological structures SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ISLAND SOUND SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; WATER FILTRATION; SHELF SEDIMENTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB Study of the flux and fate of reactive organic material (OM) within Debidue Flat, an intertidal sandflat in the North Inlet estuary. South Carolina. demonstrated that this coarse-grained deposit is a dynamic, open system that experiences rapid OM decomposition and exchange Of Solutes in the top 30 cut of the sediment column. The fluxes of reactive OM through Debidue Flat were high during all seasons (27-170 mmol C m(2) d(-1)) and were comparable to fluxes in muddy portions of the North Inlet estuary. Porewater decomposition products were N- and P-rich. the modeled reactivity of organic carbon undergoing decomposition was high (first-order rate constant. k = 0.02 d(-1)), and abundant extractable chlorophyll a was measured year-round; all properties were consistent with marine algal-derived Substrates. Porewater Solute profiles were controlled by advective flow that rapidly exchanged porewater with overlying waters to similar to25 cm depth on timescales of hours. Thus, these sandflats act like all unsteady "trickling bed filter." capturing or generating reactive organic particles, rapidly remineralizing OM. and recycling nutrients. Macrobiological structures within the flat altered the amounts and reaction rates of OM on various spatial and temporal scales. Relatively elevated OM decay rates were associated with the burrows of Callichirus major, a deep-burrowing thalassinid shrimp. Large stingray feeding pits accumulated fine grained OM, locally clogging the "trickling bed filter," and inhibiting porewater advection. As illustrated by Debidue Flat. intertidal sands call be sites of high OM flux and turnover and play an important role in biogeochemical cycling in estuarine systems. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP D'Andrea, AF (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 62 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1056 EP 1070 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 575DQ UT WOS:000176931700013 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Zepp, RG AF Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Zepp, RG TI Absorbance, absorption coefficient, and apparent quantum yield: A comment on common ambiguity in the use of these optical concepts SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NATURAL-WATERS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ORINOCO RIVER; PHOTOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MATTER; PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOTOREACTIONS AB Several important optical terms, such as "absorbance" and "absorption coefficient," are frequently used ambiguously in the current peer-reviewed literature. Because these terms are important when deriving other quantities, such as the apparent quantum yield of photoproduction, ambiguity in the application of these concepts leads to results that are difficult or impossible to interpret correctly. Such ambiguity also hinders comparison of results between studies and ultimately harms proper parameterization of numerical models of oceanic processes, as well as the refinement of remote sensing algorithms. We review these concepts and the implications of such ambiguities. A few simple recommendations that follow conventions developed by optical oceanographers are provided to authors dealing with these concepts. In particular, the symbol a is recommended for the absorption coefficient (in Napierian form, m(-1)), which is also preferred over absorbance (dimensionless) when data are presented; the symbol a is not recommended for absorbance; A should be used with caution because, although it has been used widely for absorbance in photochemistry and photobiology, it has also been used for absorptance in physics and optical oceanography; the term "absorptivity" is not recommended because of conflicting definitions in the current literature; the pathlength should always be given whenever absorbance data are presented; and normalization of photoproduction rates to absorbance or absorption coefficient should be performed only on optically thin samples, unless the inner filter effects are accounted for and corrected. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, IMaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, IMaRS, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 49 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1261 EP 1267 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 575DQ UT WOS:000176931700036 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Crofton, KM MacPhail, RC AF Taylor, MM Crofton, KM MacPhail, RC TI Schedule-controlled behavior in rats exposed perinatally to the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCBs; rats; fixed-interval performance; reinforcement omission ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; REINFORCEMENT-OMISSION; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; PERFORMANCE; MONKEYS; AMPHETAMINE; LACTATION; CHILDREN; IMPACT AB Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been shown to detrimentally affect learning and memory in children as well as schedule-controlled behavior in experimental animals. The objective of the present series of experiments was to extend research into the effects of PCBs on behavior maintained under both short (30 s) and long (5 min) fixed-interval (FI) schedules as well as an FI 3-min with reinforcement omission. Long-Evans rats were exposed to 0 or 6 mg/kg/day Aroclor 1254 (A1254) via oral gavage from Gestation Day 6 (GD 6) through Postnatal Day 21 (PND 21). At approximately PND 90, acquisition and steady-state performance were assessed under a series of FI reinforcement schedules consisting of FI 30-s, FI 5-min, and FI 3-min with 33% of the scheduled reinforcers omitted. Performance measures included index of curvature (IOC), response rate, and postreinforcement pause (PRP). There were no effects of A1254 on the acquisition of behavior under the FI 30-s schedule. Subsequently, there was an initial decrease in response rate and IOC and an increase in PRP following the transition from FI 30-s to the FI 5-min; there were, however, no treatment-related effects on any measure. During the reinforcement-omission procedure, there was an increase in the rate of responding and a decrease in IOC and PRP following omission intervals irrespective of treatment. These data are inconsistent with previous findings and suggest that perinatal A1254 exposure in the rat does not disrupt temporally organized behavior. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 511 EP 518 AR PII S0892-0362(02)00205-2 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(02)00205-2 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 581XC UT WOS:000177318900015 PM 12127897 ER PT J AU Compton, JE Boone, RD AF Compton, JE Boone, RD TI Soil nitrogen transformations and the role of light fraction organic matter in forest soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen mineralization; nitrification; immobilization; N-15 incorporation; particle density fractions ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; TEMPERATE FOREST; CONIFEROUS FOREST; N MINERALIZATION; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; CARBON DYNAMICS; PINE PLANTATION; NITRATE; LITTER; N-15 AB Depletion of soil organic matter through management activities can alter substrate availability for microbes, potentially shifting the dynamic balance between nitrogen (N) immobilization and mineralization. Soil light fraction (LF) organic matter is a reactive pool that decreases upon cultivation of forest soils, and recovers slowly after agricultural abandonment. Here we examine the hypothesis that rapid incorporation of N into the relatively young and reactive LF organic matter is an important mechanism for the retention of added inorganic N in forest soils. We determined the incorporation of N-15-ammonium and N-15-nitrate into the LF (< 1.75 g cm(-3)) and heavy fraction (HF) after 18 h, after removing KCl-extractable ammonium and nitrate. We also measured gross N transformations in forest soils with different agricultural land-use history and present-day vegetation at Harvard Forest, USA. The LF was a strong short-term sink for N, incorporating an average of 39% of added ammonium and 17% of added nitrate after an 18 h incubation. The HF was a small sink (<5%) for added N. Less than 15% of added N-15 was recovered in the exchangeable pools after 18 h. Tracer recovery was only 40-60% of the N-15 added, suggesting a rapid conversion into soluble organic compounds not measured in the KCl or metatungstate solution. The LF incorporated more N-15 than the HF per unit of carbon, indicating that not simply the amount but the composition of organic matter controls its function as a site for N incorporation. Gross production was 1-8 mg ammonium-N kg(-1) soil d(-1) and <0.1-1 mg nitrate-N kg(-1) soil d(-1) and was unrelated to soil moisture. In contrast, low soil moisture was associated with strongly reduced gross microbial immobilization. The LF organic matter was the most important measured short-term sink for inorganic N, and may play a key role in the rapid immobilization of N in forest soils. Changes in the size and nature of the soil LF organic matter could have important implications for N dynamics in many soils. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 61 TC 94 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 34 IS 7 BP 933 EP 943 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00025-1 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00025-1 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 575ZD UT WOS:000176977600005 ER PT J AU Lau, C Narotsky, MG Lui, D Best, D Setzer, RW Mann, PC Wubah, JA Knudsen, TB AF Lau, C Narotsky, MG Lui, D Best, D Setzer, RW Mann, PC Wubah, JA Knudsen, TB TI Exposure-disease continuum for 2-chloro-2 '-deoxyadenosine (2-CdA), a prototype teratogen: Induction of lumbar hernia in the rat and species comparison for the teratogenic responses SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL DEOXYGUANOSINE KINASE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CONGENITAL LUMBAR; SPINA-BIFIDA; MODEL; 5-FLUOROURACIL; APOPTOSIS; DEFECTS; ANALOGS; MOUSE AB Background: The purine analog 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (2-CdA) caused ocular and limb defects in the mouse and rabbit. The current study examined the teratogenic potential of this drug in the rat and compared the adverse developmental outcomes with the other species. Methods: Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of various doses of 2-CdA ranging from 5-60 mg/kg, at gestational day (GD) 9.5 and GD 14. 2-CdA concentrations in maternal serum and embryos were measured by HPLC and termed fetuses were prepared for teratological examination. Results: Full-litter resorption was seen in dams receiving 50 mg/kg of 2-CdA at GD 9.5, whereas post-implantation loss was significantly increased and fetal weights significantly reduced at 40 mg/kg. Gross examination of the surviving fetuses revealed microphthalmia, a shortened body trunk and lumbar hernia, manifested by a soft mass protrusion at the lumbar region on one or both sides of the spine. Incidence of these defects increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Histological examination indicated that the hernia was associated with hypoplasia of the body wall, poorly developed skeletal muscle bundles surrounding the vertebral column in the lumbar region, and an absence of the lateral muscle groups that allowed protrusion of the abdominal viscera. The lumbar hernia was generally accompanied by spina bifida, deformed ribs and a wide spectrum of soft tissue-abnormalities that included kidney, genitourinary and heart defects. At GD 14, exposure to 2-CdA at 60 mg/kg produced oligodactyly in one of six litters. Conclusions: 2-CdA produced similar ocular defects in the rat and mouse, although the incidence was much lower in the former species. In contrast, the drug-induced lumbar hernia was only seen in the rat. These apparent disparities were not readily explained by species differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. the similarities between the teratological features of 2-CdA-induced lumbar hernia in the rat and the clinical description of lumbocostovertebral syndrome, however, may provide a key to unlock the etiology of this rare birth defect in humans. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Expt Pathol Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Pathol Anat & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [F31 HD08167]; NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07282] NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1002/tera.10039 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 570GW UT WOS:000176651400004 PM 12115775 ER PT J AU Moyer, CF Kodavanti, UP Haseman, JK Costa, DL Nyska, A AF Moyer, CF Kodavanti, UP Haseman, JK Costa, DL Nyska, A TI Systemic vascular disease in male B6C3F1 mice exposed to particulate matter by inhalation: Studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; indium phosphide; cobalt sulfate heptahydrate; mouse; heart; arteritis ID AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY; MODEL; RATS AB Epidemiological studies suggest an association between ambient particulate matter and cardiopulmonary diseases in humans. The mechanisms underlying these health effects are poorly understood. To better understand the potential relationship between particulate- matter- induced inflammation and vascular disease, a 2- phase retrospective study was conducted. Phase one included the review of heart, lung, and kidney tissues from high- dose and control male B6C3F1 mice exposed by inhalation to 9 particulate compounds for a 2- year period. The results showed that high- dose males developed significantly increased incidences of coronary and renal arteritis over controls in 2 of the 9 studies (indium phosphide and cobalt sulfate heptahydrate), while marginal increases in arteritis incidence was detected in 2 additional studies (vanadium pentoxide and gallium arsenide). In contrast, arteritis of the muscular arteries of the lung was not observed. Morphological features of arteritis in these studies included an influx of mixed inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Partial and complete effacement of the normal vascular wall architecture, often with extension of the inflammatory process into the periarterial connective tissue, was observed. Phase 2 evaluated the heart, lung, kidney, and mesentery of male and female B6C3F1 mice from the 90- day studies of the 4 compounds demonstrating arteritis after a 2- year period. The results showed arteritis did not develop in the 90- day studies, suggesting that long- term chronic exposure to lower- dose metallic particulate matter may be necessary to induce or exacerbate arteritis. C1 NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effectts Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nyska, A (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1080/01926230290105631 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 596YG UT WOS:000178193600003 PM 12187935 ER PT J AU Morgan, KT Ni, H Brown, HR Yoon, L Qualls, CW Crosby, LM Reynolds, R Gaskill, B Anderson, SP Kepler, TB Brainard, T Liv, N Easton, M Merrill, C Creech, D Sprenger, D Conner, G Johnson, PR Fox, T Sartor, M Richard, E Kuruvilla, S Casey, W Benavides, G AF Morgan, KT Ni, H Brown, HR Yoon, L Qualls, CW Crosby, LM Reynolds, R Gaskill, B Anderson, SP Kepler, TB Brainard, T Liv, N Easton, M Merrill, C Creech, D Sprenger, D Conner, G Johnson, PR Fox, T Sartor, M Richard, E Kuruvilla, S Casey, W Benavides, G TI Application of cDNA microarray technology to in vitro toxicology and the selection of genes for a real-time RT-PCR-based screen for oxidative stress in Hep-G2 cells SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; GSH : GSSG; gene expression; cDNA arrays; RT-PCR; toxicity screen; Hep-G2 cells; transcriptomics ID REDOX REGULATION; CHEMICAL TOXICITY; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; GLUTATHIONE; APOPTOSIS; NETWORKS; HEPG2; TOXICOGENOMICS; THIOREDOXIN AB Large- scale analysis of gene expression using cDNA microarrays promises the rapid detection of the mode of toxicity for drugs and other chemicals. cDNA microarrays were used to examine chemically induced alterations of gene expression in HepG2 cells exposed to a diverse group of toxicants at an equitoxic exposure concentration. The treatments were ouabain (43 muM), lauryl sulfate (260 muM), dimethylsulfoxide (1.28 M), cycloheximide (62.5 muM), tolbutamide (12.8 mM), sodium fluoride (3 mM), diethyl maleate (1.25 mM), buthionine sulfoximine (30 mM), potassium bromate (2.5 mM), sodium selenite (30 muM), alloxan (130 mM), adriamycin (40 muM), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), and heat stress (45degreesC x 30 minutes). Patterns of gene expression were correlated with morphologic and biochemical indicators of toxicity. Gene expression responses were characteristically different for each treatment. Patterns of expression were consistent with cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, diminished protein synthesis, and oxidative stress. Based upon these results, we concluded that gene expression changes provide a useful indicator of oxidative stress, as assessed by the GSH: GSSG ratio. Under the conditions of this cell culture test system, oxidative stress upregulated 5 genes, HMOX1, p21(waf1/cip1), GCLM, GR, TXNR1 while downregulating CYP1A1 and TOPO2A. Primers and probes for these genes were incorporated into the design of a 7- gene plate for RT- PCR. The plate design permitted statistical analysis and allowed clear discrimination between chemicals inducing oxidative vs nonoxidative stress. A simple oxidative stress score (0- 1), based on the responses by the 7 genes (including p- value) on the RT- PCR plate, was correlated with the GSH: GSSG ratio using linear regression and ranking (Pearson product) procedures. These analyses yielded correlation coefficients of 0.74 and 0.87, respectively, for the treatments tested (when 1 outlier was excluded), indicating a good correlation between the biochemical and transcriptional measures of oxidative stress. We conclude that it is essential to measure the mechanism of interest directly in the test system being used when assessing gene expression as a tool for toxicology. Tables 1- 15, referenced in this paper, are not printed in this issue of Toxicologic Pathology. They are available as downloadable text files at http:// taylorandfrancis. metapress. com/ openurl. asp? genre= journal& issn= 0192- 6233. To access them, click on the issue link for 30( 4), then select this article. A download option appears at the bottom of this abstract. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www. toxpath. org. C1 Aventis Pharmaceut, Raleigh, NC 27604 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Morgan, KT (reprint author), Aventis Pharmaceut, 5016 Royal Dornoch Dr, Raleigh, NC 27604 USA. EM kevin.morgan@aventis.com OI Kepler, Thomas/0000-0002-1383-6865 NR 74 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 EI 1533-1601 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 435 EP 451 DI 10.1080/01926230290105613 PG 17 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 596YG UT WOS:000178193600004 PM 12187936 ER PT J AU Meyer, JN Nacci, DE Di Giulio, RT AF Meyer, JN Nacci, DE Di Giulio, RT TI Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): Heritability of altered expression and relationship to survival in contaminated sediments SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P4501A; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; creosote; adaptation; acclimation; nongenetic inheritance; killifish; mummichog; Fundulus heteroclitus ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; AH RECEPTOR; RAINBOW-TROUT; NONIMPACTED SUBPOPULATIONS; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; ATLANTIC TOMCOD AB Previous research has shown that killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a creosote-contaminated site on the Elizabeth River in Virginia exhibit little induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein expression and activity upon exposure to typical CYP1A-inducing chemicals. We characterized the CYP1A response of first, second, and third generation laboratory-raised offspring of feral Elizabeth River killifish to exposure to sediments from the contaminated site as well as the prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-type CYP1A inducers beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). The Elizabeth River offspring's responses were compared to those of offspring of killifish from two reference sites (King's Creek, Virginia, and Russell Creek, North Carolina). As with feral Elizabeth River killifish, the first generation embryos and larvae were refractory to CYP1A induction. However, the response observed in 3-year-old first generation adults, as well as with second and third generation fish, was much closer to that observed in reference-site fish. We suggest that the pattern of altered CYP1A response in Elizabeth River killifish, while persistent and heritable for one generation, is mostly nongenetically based. Additionally, we investigated the hypothesis that low CYP1A activity (measured as in ovo EROD activity) would correlate to increased survival in Elizabeth River sediment pore water; this hypothesis was not supported by our results. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Meyer, JN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM joel.meyer@duke.edu NR 75 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.1.69 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 569DL UT WOS:000176585200010 PM 12075112 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Moser, VC MacPhail, RC Oshiro, WM Derr-Yellin, EC Phillips, PM Kodavanti, PRS AF Bushnell, PJ Moser, VC MacPhail, RC Oshiro, WM Derr-Yellin, EC Phillips, PM Kodavanti, PRS TI Neurobehavioral assessments of rats perinatally exposed to a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE attention; cocaine; neurobehavioral screening; functional observational battery; habituation; haloperidol; learning; motor activity; PCBs; perinatal exposure; signal detection; Aroclor 1254 ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PCB EXPOSURE; HEARING-LOSS; ADULT-RAT; AROCLOR-1254; PERFORMANCE; NEUROTOXICITY AB Because of behavioral deficits associated with gestational exposure to PCBs in children, we sought to quantify neurobehavioral effects of perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254(R) (A1254), a commercial mixture of PCBs, in rats. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed A1254 at doses of 0, 1.0, or 6.0 mg/kg/day throughout gestation and nursing. The growth and behavior of their male and female offspring were assessed both during development and as adults, using a variety of behavioral tests that included a neurobebavioral screening battery (functional observational battery [FOB] and automated tests of locomotor activity), habituation of motor activity, acquisition of a visual discrimination, and performance of a visual signal-detection task. During the suckling period, A1254 at 6 mg/kg reduced survival and body weight gain of offspring of both sexes; however, locomotor activity was unaffected, and only small and transient changes in other measures were evident. In adulthood, perinatal exposure to A1254 did not affect habituation of locomotor activity, acquisition of the visual discrimination, or sustained attention. Rats performing the signal-detection task were challenged with cocaine (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0, 0.003, 0.010, 0.030 mg/kg) to probe the integrity of dopaminergic systems in the central nervous system (CNS). A1254 did not alter the impairment of attention caused by haloperidol. Cocaine reduced false alarms more in controls than in rats exposed to A1254, but the effect was not clearly related to the dose of A1254. Perinatal exposure to this commercial PCB mixture had very little effect on these tests of behavior during development and in adulthood. C1 US EPA, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 55 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.1.109 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 569DL UT WOS:000176585200014 PM 12075116 ER PT J AU Klinefelter, GR Strader, LF Suarez, JD Roberts, NL AF Klinefelter, GR Strader, LF Suarez, JD Roberts, NL TI Bromochloroacetic acid exerts qualitative effects on rat sperm: Implications for a novel biomarker SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; fertility; spermatogenesis; sperm biomarker ID DIBROMOACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; BY-PRODUCTS; IN-VIVO; TRIHALOMETHANES; EXPOSURES; SPERMATOTOXICITY; DISINFECTION; OZONATION AB Disubstituted haloacid by-products of drinking water disinfection such as dibromoacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid have been shown to perturb spermatogenesis and fertility in adult male rats. In the present study we sought to establish whether equimolar exposure to bromochloroacetic acid (BCA), a prevalent by-product in finished drinking water, is also capable of disrupting these endpoints, and if so to determine whether the novel biomarker of fertility (SP22) would be correlated with subfertility induced by testicular toxicity. A dose range finding study indicated that body weight was not affected by exposure to 14 daily doses of 72 mg/kg BCA while numerous male reproductive parameters were altered, including decreases in the number and progressive motility of cauda epididymal sperm. In addition, there was an increased incidence of delayed spermiation in the testes of males exposed to 72 mg/kg BCA. In the definitive study, exposures ranged from 8 to 72 mg/kg, the fertility of cauda epididymal sperm was evaluated by in utero insemination, and the two-dimensional profile of cauda sperm membrane proteins was evaluated quantitatively. The morphology of both caput and cauda epididymal sperm was altered by 72 mg/kg BCA. The fertility of cauda epididymal sperm, the percentages of progressively motile sperm and progressive tracks, and two sperm membrane proteins (SP22 and SP9) were decreased significantly by each BCA exposure. While the two sperm proteins and the two measures of progressive motility were each significantly correlated with fertility, only one of these measures (i.e., SP22) had an r value of greater than 0.5. When data for SP22 and fertility were fit to a nonlinear model, r(2) was 0.84. Using this exposure paradigm, the no-observed-effect level for BCA is less than 8 mg/kg. Moreover, SP22 may be useful in predicting compromised fertility after exposure to by-products of drinking water disinfection. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.1.164 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 569DL UT WOS:000176585200017 PM 12075119 ER PT J AU Evans, MV Boyes, WK Simmons, JE Litton, DK Easterling, MR AF Evans, MV Boyes, WK Simmons, JE Litton, DK Easterling, MR TI A comparison of Haber's rule at different ages using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for chloroform in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroform; physiologically based pharmacokinetic; Haber's rule; inhalation toxicity; liver toxicity ID RISK ASSESSMENT; PHARMACODYNAMIC MODELS; TOXICOLOGY; TOXICITY; LAW AB Haber's rule as commonly interpreted in inhalation toxicology, can be stated as exposure concentration times duration equals a constant biological effect, or C x t = k. In other words. identical products of concentration and duration lead to the same effect. The goals of this paper are to develop a biological and pharmacokinetic modeling approach for chloroform, and to evaluate Haber's rule Cor different ages by taking into account the physiological changes due to growth and aging in rats. Three-dimensional dose-response surfaces for liver toxicity were generated for each age group of interest: adolescent, adult. and senescent rats. The three-dimensional surfaces were then characterized with a generalized description of Haber's rule for each age group. The simulations suggest that adolescent rats need higher exposure levels in order to achieve similar levels of liver damage compared to adults or senescent rats, if the comparison is made using the same exposure length. In summary. a pharmacokinetic modeling approach with a biological framework including the chemical's mode of action. was used to relate concentration, exposure duration and effect. Major advantages of this approach include: the potential ability to extrapolate to humans, the inclusion of aging in the simulations, and the ability to summarize the results using a generalized form of Haber's rule. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCSU, Dept Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Evans, MV (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, MD 74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 176 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 23 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00090-2 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00090-2 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576AB UT WOS:000176979700002 PM 12062926 ER PT J AU Allis, JW Anderson, BP Zhao, GY Ross, TM Pegram, RA AF Allis, JW Anderson, BP Zhao, GY Ross, TM Pegram, RA TI Evidence for the involvement of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of bromodichloromethane in rat liver SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450 1A2; induction; inhibition; western blot; dose-response; F344 rat; liver ID DRINKING-WATER; HEPATIC CYTOCHROME-P-450; ISOSAFROLE METABOLITE; BY-PRODUCTS; TOXICITY; 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE; DEALKYLATION; GLUTATHIONE; CHLOROFORM; OXIDATION AB Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) is a drinking water disinfectant by-product that has been implicated in liver, kidney and intestinal cancers in rodents and in intestinal tumors and low birth weight effects in humans. BDCM is also hepatotoxic and requires metabolic activation for both toxicity and carcinogenicity. We have recently reported that CYP1A2 may participate in that metabolism and we now report experiments to support that implication. Induction of CYP1A2 in male F344 rats without inducing CYP2E1 or CYP2B1/2, using TCDD, increased the hepatotoxicity of BDCM when compared to earlier work conducted under similar protocols. Inhibition of CYP1A2, with isosafrole, reduced the metabolism and toxicity of BDCM in the previously induced rats. In addition. specific activities and Western blots for these CYP isoenzymes were measured 24 h after exposure. Activity data show that only CYP1A2 was inhibited by isosafrole, isosafrole forms a complex with CYP1A2 that persists for more than 24 h. Western blot results generally agree with the activity data except that. isosafrole induced the protein for all isoenzymes measured, A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, developed previously. estimated that BDCM metabolism was complete about 7 h after gavage dosing. It is noteworthy that the reduction in CYP1A2 activity was still measurable despite the production of additional CYP1A2 protein during the period of approximately 18 h after BDCM metabolism was complete. These results demonstrate that CYP1A2 does metabolize BDCM and does contribute to hepatotoxicity under certain conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Allis, JW (reprint author), 2905 Glen Burnie Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 176 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 37 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00088-4 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00088-4 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576AB UT WOS:000176979700003 PM 12062927 ER PT J AU Kolanczyk, RC Schmieder, PK AF Kolanczyk, RC Schmieder, PK TI Rate and capacity of hepatic microsomal ring-hydroxylation of phenol to hydroquinone and catechol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenol; bioactivation; electrochemical detection; rainbow trout; metabolism; hydroquinone; catechol ID RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; METABOLIZING ENZYME-SYSTEMS; ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES; FRESH-WATER FISH; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; LIVER-MICROSOMES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DISPOSITION; CHEMICALS AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver microsomes were used to study the rate of ring-hydroxylation of phenol at 11 and 25 degreesC by directly measuring the production of two potentially toxic metabolites, hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CAT). An HPLC method with integrated ultraviolet and electrochemical detection was used for metabolite identification and quantification at low (pmol) formation rates found in fish. The Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics for the production of HQ and CAT over a range of phenol concentrations were determined at trout physiological pH, The apparent Km's for the production of HQ and CAT at 11 degreesC were 14 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 1 mM, respectively, with Vmax's of 552 +/- 71 and 161 +/- 15 pmol/min per mg protein. The kinetic parameters for HQ and CAT at 25 degreesC were 22 +/- 1 and 32 +/- 3 mM (Km) and 1752 +/- 175 and 940 +/- 73 pmol/min per mg protein (Vmax), respectively. The calculated increase in metabolic rate per 10 degreesC temperature rise (Q(10)) was 2.28 for HQ and 3.53 for CAT production. These experiments assess the potential for metabolic bioactivation in fish through direct quantification of putative reactive metabolites at the low, but toxicologically significant, chemical concentrations found in aquatic organisms. This work initiates a series of studies to compare activation pathway, rate, and capacity across fish species, providing a basis for development of biologically-based dose response models in diverse species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Kolanczyk, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 176 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 90 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00144-0 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00144-0 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576AB UT WOS:000176979700008 PM 12062932 ER PT J AU Meng, L Orphanides, CD Powell, JC AF Meng, L Orphanides, CD Powell, JC TI Use of a fish index to assess habitat quality in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPE FEAR RIVER; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ESTUARINE; CRUSTACEANS; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; NURSERIES; SEDIMENTS AB We developed an estuarine index of biotic integrity to assess habitat quality in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Fish were collected at 18 fixed stations with a 61-m X 3.05-m beach seine once per month in July and August from 1988 to 1999. Stations were designated high or low quality depending on the total nitrogen concentration, number of low dissolved oxygen events, extent of human disturbance, abundance of macroalgae, and presence or absence of eelgrass Zostera marina. We used stepwise discriminant analysis on 13 candidate metrics based on fish community data to determine those most important in distinguishing between high and low habitat categories. We then used discriminant analysis and canonical discriminant analysis with the resulting significant metrics. The six metrics that were able to discriminate between sites were the number of estuarine spawner species, proportion of killifish, number of individuals, proportion of flounder, Shannon's diversity index, and proportion of benthic-associated species. Discriminant analysis with these metrics distinguished among sites with an overall error rate of 22%. Surprisingly, when an index was calculated from the metrics, sites designated as low quality based on environmental data had the highest scores whereas high-quality sites had low scores. Degraded sites in the upper estuary may have scored high due to the availability of shallow-water refuge from predation, abundant food, and warmer water with less current. Our results indicate that upper estuaries are important to juvenile fish and are worth protecting despite apparent human impacts. Further, an index of biotic integrity may not be useful in estuaries because of their characteristically harsh environmental conditions, which result in fish communities that are dominated by tolerant species that are habitat and feeding generalists. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Envirom, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wickford, RI 02852 USA. RP Meng, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 131 IS 4 BP 731 EP 742 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0731:UOAFIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 568JF UT WOS:000176538100013 ER PT J AU Brodrick, CJ Lipman, TE Farshchi, M Lutsey, NP Dwyer, HA Sperling, D Gouse, SW Harris, DB King, FG AF Brodrick, CJ Lipman, TE Farshchi, M Lutsey, NP Dwyer, HA Sperling, D Gouse, SW Harris, DB King, FG TI Evaluation of fuel cell auxiliary power units for heavy-duty diesel trucks SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE diesel trucks; idling; auxiliary power units; fuel cells AB A large number of heavy-duty trucks idle a significant amount. Heavy-duty line-haul truck engines idle about 20-40% of the time the engine is running, depending on season and operation. Drivers idle engines to power climate control devices (e.g., heaters and air conditioners) and sleeper compartment accessories (e.g., refrigerators, microwave ovens, and televisions) and to avoid start-up problems in cold weather. Idling increases air pollution and energy use, as well as wear and tear on engines. Efforts to reduce truck idling in the US have been sporadic, in part because it is widely viewed in the trucking industry that further idling restrictions would unduly compromise driver comfort and truck operations. The auxiliary power units (APUs) available to replace the idling of the diesel traction engine all have had limited trucking industry acceptance. Fuel cells are a promising APU technology. Fuel cell APUs have the potential to greatly reduce emissions and energy use and save money. In this paper, we estimate costs and benefits of fuel cell APUs. We calculate the payback period for fuel cell APUs to be about 2.6-4.5 years. This estimate is uncertain since future fuel cell costs are unknown and cost savings from idling vary greatly across the truck fleet. The payback period is particularly sensitive to diesel fuel consumption at idle. Given the large potential environmental and economic benefits of fuel cell APUs, the first major commercial application of fuel cells may be as truck APUs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transport Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Freightliner LLC, Portland, OR 97217 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Renewable & Appropriate Energy Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brodrick, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transport Studies, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 17 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 303 EP 315 AR PII S1361-9209(01)00026-8 DI 10.1016/S1361-9209(01)00026-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 554KA UT WOS:000175733500005 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Sivagenesan, M Rice, EW Chen, J AF Clark, RM Sivagenesan, M Rice, EW Chen, J TI Development of a Ct equation for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts with ozone SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE confidence interval; inactivation; model; ozone; statistical analysis; time ID WATER; CHLORINE AB Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite, has been implicated in a number of waterborne disease outbreaks. It is difficult to inactivate using free chlorine, but appears to be easily inactivated by ozone. Therefore, the US EPA has promulgated the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, which for the first time, addresses the control of C parvum in drinking water. The use of Ct (concentration of disinfectant in mg/L times, time in minutes) values is being considered as one of the options for controlling this organism. This paper proposes a Ct equation, based on first order kinetics, to provide guidance to drinking water utilities for the application of ozone for controlling C parvum oocysts in drinking water. The equation, which provides mean estimates of inactivation, was developed using standard statistical techniques and currently available field and bench scale data. In addition, the possibility of using a statistically conservative upper bound Ct value in order to insure an appropriate safety factor is explored. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Director, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Director, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3141 EP 3149 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00006-4 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00006-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 578GW UT WOS:000177109900025 PM 12171413 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ Meacham, CA Barone, S AF Shafer, TJ Meacham, CA Barone, S TI Effects of prolonged exposure to nanomolar concentrations of methylmercury on voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium currents in PC12 cells SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methylmercury; calcium channel; sodium channel; PC12 cell; prolonged exposure ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; ION CHANNELS; N-TYPE; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; DEPENDENT CALCIUM; CA2+; MIGRATION AB The neurotoxicant methylmercury (CH3Hg+) inhibits voltage-sensitive Na+ and Ca2+ currents in neuronal preparations following acute, in vitro, exposure. In the present study, effects on voltage-sensitive Na+ (I-Ca) and Ca2+ (I-Ca) currents in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were examined following prolonged exposure to CH3Hg+. When PC12 cells cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) for 7 days ('primed') were replated in the presence of NGF and 30 nM CH3Hg+, I-Ca, but not I-Na, amplitude was reduced (29%) significantly similar to24 h later. Quantitative assessment of morphology indicated that this similar to24 h exposure to CH3Hg+ significantly reduced neurite length. The N-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (VSCC) antagonist omega-conotoxin GVIA (500 pM) was without significant effect on current amplitude or morphology in this exposure protocol. When undifferentiated cells were cultured in the presence of NGF and 10 nM CH3Hg+ for 6 days, I-Ca and I-Na amplitude were reduced by 36 and 52%, respectively. I-Ca at the end of a 150 ms test pulse was also reduced by 40% in CH3Hg+-treated cells. Thus, both inactivating and non-inactivating I-Ca were reduced equally. There was no change in [H-3]saxitoxin or omega-[I-125]conotoxin GVIA binding, nor were there any morphological alterations in cells treated with CH3Hg+ for 6 days. Omega-conotoxin GVIA (500 pM, 6 days), reduced significantly I-Ca, but not I-Na, but was without effect on morphology. These results demonstrate that prolonged exposure to low concentrations of CH3Hg+ reduces cationic currents in differentiating PC12 cells, but that current reduction is not always associated with morphological alteration. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 AR PII S0165-3806(02)00360-7 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00360-7 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 576TY UT WOS:000177022800008 ER PT J AU Lewis, DL Gattie, DK Novak, ME Sanchez, S Pumphrey, C AF Lewis, DL Gattie, DK Novak, ME Sanchez, S Pumphrey, C TI Interactions of pathogens and irritant chemicals in land-applied sewage sludges (biosolids) SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Fertilisation of land with processed sewage sludges, which often contain low levels of pathogens, endotoxins, and trace amounts of industrial and household chemicals, has become common practice in Western Europe, the US, and Canada. Local governments, however, are increasingly restricting or banning the practice in response to residents reporting adverse health effects. These self-reported illnesses have not been studied and methods for assessing exposures of residential communities to contaminants from processed sewage sludges need to be developed. Methods: To describe and document adverse effects reported by residents, 48 individuals at ten sites in the US and Canada were questioned about their environmental exposures and symptoms. Information was obtained on five additional cases where an outbreak of staphylococcal infections occurred near a land application site in Robesonia, PA. Medical records were reviewed in cases involving hospitalisation or other medical treatment. Since most complaints were associated with airborne contaminants, an air dispersion model was used as a means for potentially ruling out exposure to sludge as the cause of adverse effects. Results: Affected residents lived within approximately 1 km of land application sites and generally complained of irritation ( e. g., skin rashes and burning of the eyes, throat, and lungs) after exposure to winds blowing from treated fields. A prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and respiratory tract was found. Approximately 1 in 4 of 54 individuals were infected, including 2 mortalities ( septicaemia, pneumonia). This result was consistent with the prevalence of S. aureus infections accompanying diaper rashes in which the organism, which is commonly found in the lower human colon, tends to invade irritated or inflamed tissue. Conclusions: When assessing public health risks from applying sewage sludges in residential areas, potential interactions of chemical contaminants with low levels of pathogens should be considered. An increased risk of infection may occur when allergic and non-allergic reactions to endotoxins and other chemical components irritate skin and mucus membranes and thereby compromise normal barriers to infection. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30601 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Prime Care Sun City, Menifee, CA USA. RP Lewis, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30601 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 28 PY 2002 VL 2 AR 11 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-2-11 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 631NP UT WOS:000180174100001 PM 12097151 ER PT J AU Patterson, KL Porter, JW Ritchie, KE Polson, SW Mueller, E Peters, EC Santavy, DL Smiths, GW AF Patterson, KL Porter, JW Ritchie, KE Polson, SW Mueller, E Peters, EC Santavy, DL Smiths, GW TI The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BAND DISEASE; OCULINA-PATAGONICA; REEF; DYNAMICS; CERVICORNIS; TEMPERATURE; OUTBREAK; FUTURE; BLOOMS; IMPACT AB Populations of the shallow-water Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, are being decimated by white pox disease, with losses of living cover in the Florida Keys typically in excess of 70%. The rate of tissue loss is rapid, averaging 2.5 cm(2.)day(-1), and is greatest during periods of seasonally elevated temperature. In Florida, the spread of white pox fits the contagion model, with nearest neighbors most susceptible to infection. In this report, we identify a common fecal enterobacterium, Serratia marcescens, as the causal agent of white pox. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a bacterial species associated with the human gut has been shown to be a marine invertebrate pathogen. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. MicroGenom, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Med, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Ctr Trop Res, Mote Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32591 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol & Geol, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Patterson, KL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Polson, Shawn/B-7696-2011; OI Polson, Shawn/0000-0002-3398-6932; Patterson Sutherland, Kathryn/0000-0002-8192-1500 NR 54 TC 235 Z9 246 U1 12 U2 65 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 25 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 13 BP 8725 EP 8730 DI 10.1073/pnas.092260099 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 567GZ UT WOS:000176478200048 PM 12077296 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS TI Iron-catalyzed solvent-free conversion of alcohols and phenols into diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alcohols; phenols; diphenylmethyl ethers; iron nitrate nonahydrate; solvent-free ID ORGANIC SYNTHESES AB A catalytic amount of iron salts enables the solvent-free preparation of diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers of alcohols and phenols at moderate temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 26 BP 4593 EP 4595 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00890-0 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00890-0 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 563XD UT WOS:000176282000007 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, SD TI Environmental mass spectrometry: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL ATROPISOMERS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA C1 US EPA, Natl Expos Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Expos Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 194 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 12 BP 2719 EP 2741 DI 10.1021/ac020211h PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 563JZ UT WOS:000176253700008 PM 12090660 ER PT J AU Tiano, HF Loftin, CD Akunda, J Lee, CA Spalding, J Sessoms, A Dunson, DB Rogan, EG Morham, SG Smart, RC Langenbach, R AF Tiano, HF Loftin, CD Akunda, J Lee, CA Spalding, J Sessoms, A Dunson, DB Rogan, EG Morham, SG Smart, RC Langenbach, R TI Deficiency of either cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or COX-2 alters epidermal differentiation and reduces mouse skin tumorigenesis SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TUMOR PROMOTION; MICE; CANCER; DISRUPTION; CELECOXIB; INHIBITOR AB Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely reported to inhibit carcinogenesis in humans and in rodents. These drugs are believed to act by inhibiting one or both of the known isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX). However, COX-2, and not COX-1, is the isoform most frequently reported to have a key role in tumor development. Here we report that homozygous deficiency of either COX-1 or COX-2 reduces skin tumorigenesis by 75% in a multistage mouse skin model. Reduced tumorigenesis was observed even though the levels of stable 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-DNA adducts were increased about 2-fold in the COX-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. The premature onset of keratinocyte terminal differentiation appeared to be the cellular event leading to the reduced tumorigenesis because keratin 1 and keratin 10, two keratins that indicate the commitment of keratinocytes to differentiate, were expressed 8-13-fold and 10-20-fold more frequently in epidermal basal cells of the COX-1-deficient and COX-2-deficient mice, respectively, than in wildtype mice. Papillomas on the COX-deficient mice also displayed the premature onset of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. However, loricrin, a late marker of epidermal differentiation, was not significantly altered, suggesting that it was the early stages of keratinocyte differentiation that were primarily affected by COX deficiency. Because keratin 5, a keratin associated with basal cells, was detected differently in papillomas of COX-1-deficient as compared with COX-2-deficient mice, it appears that the isoforms do not have identical roles in papilloma development. Interestingly, apoptosis, a cellular process associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced inhibition of tumorigenesis, was not significantly altered in the epidermis or in papillomas of the COX-deficient mice. Thus, both COX-1 and COX-2 have roles in keratinocyte differentiation, and we propose that the absence of either isoform causes premature terminal differentiation of initiated keratinocytes and reduced tumor formation. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Nebraska Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc & Allied Dis, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Myriad Genet Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Langenbach, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 43 TC 270 Z9 280 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 12 BP 3395 EP 3401 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 562NB UT WOS:000176203500014 PM 12067981 ER PT J AU Farrell, AE Keating, TJ AF Farrell, AE Keating, TJ TI Transhoundary Environmental Assessment: Lessons from OTAG SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HISTORY; AIR AB The nature and role of assessments in creating policy for transboundary environmental problems is discussed. Transboundary environmental problems are particularly difficult to deal with because they typically require cooperation among independent political jurisdictions (e.g., states or nations) which face differing costs and benefits and which often have different technical capabilities and different interests. In particular, transboundary pollution issues generally involve the problem of an upstream source and a downstream receptor on opposite sides of a relevant political boundary, making it difficult for the jurisdiction containing the receptor to obtain relief from the pollution problem. The Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG) addressed such a transboundary problem: the long-range transport of tropospheric ozone (i.e., photochemical smog) across the eastern United States. The evolution of the science and policy that led to OTAG, the OTAG process, and its outcomes are presented. Lessons that are available to be learned from the OTAG experience, particularly for addressing similar transboundary problems such as regional haze, are discussed. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Farrell, AE (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2537 EP 2544 DI 10.1021/es0106725 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 562PR UT WOS:000176208600001 PM 12099447 ER PT J AU Brenner, RC Magar, VS Ickes, JA Abbott, JE Stout, SA Crecelius, EA Bingler, LS AF Brenner, RC Magar, VS Ickes, JA Abbott, JE Stout, SA Crecelius, EA Bingler, LS TI Characterization and FATE of PAH-contaminated sediments at the Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor superfund site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; PUGET SOUND; MARINE; RATES; SOIL AB Eagle Harbor, a shallow marine embayment of Bainbridge Island, WA (similar to10 miles west of Seattle, WA), was formerly the site of the Wyckoff wood-treatment facility. The facility used large quantities of creosote in its wood-treating processes from the early 1900s to 1988. Historical creosote seepage into the harbor resulted in substantial accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in the harbor sediments over time. This investigation focused on the distribution and fate of the PAH-contaminated harbor sediments. Analyses of 10 sediment cores using total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fingerprinting, the distribution of 50 PAH analytes, and sediment age dating revealed the contributions of three distinct sources of PAHs to sediment contamination in the harbor during various periods over the past 100 years; namely, creosote, urban runoff, and natural background. Surface sediments (upper 20-30 cm) in the cores closest to the Wyckoff wood-treatment facility and southeast of an existing cap were dominated by urban runoff and weathered creosote; the deeper sediments (>30 cm) were heavily contaminated with relatively unweathered creosote and some pure-phase creosote, Cores located the furthest from the area of contamination, in the center of the harbor, were dominated by urban runoff, showed no signs of creosote contamination, and had much lower PAH and TPH concentrations than those adjacent to the facility. In the four cores in the center of the Harbor, farthest from the former Wyckoff facility, PAH concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.01) with proximity to the northern shore of the harbor, which is more heavily developed than the southern shore and is where all automobile traffic enters and exits the island through the Bainbridge Island ferry terminal. Deeper portions of these cores were contaminated primarily with natural background PAHs, likely representing preurbanization sediments. Sedimentation rates ranged from 0.54 to 1.10 gm/cm(2) in the four cores located in the middle of the harbor, and for the single nearshore core that could be used to calculate sedimentation rates. Recognition that urban runoff has been a fairly consistent and ongoing source of PAHs to the harbor's sediments for the past 50-70 years may influence future sediment management decisions for this site with respect to long-term monitoring of surface sediments to assess cap performance. The results provided information on the ability of Eagle Harbor sediments to recover under natural conditions, identified the occurrence of creosote-derived PAH weathering in off-cap surface sediments, and distinguished between these distinct PAH sources in the harbor (creosote, urban runoff, and natural background). C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Battelle Ocean Sci Lab, Duxbury, MA 02332 USA. Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Brenner, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2605 EP 2613 DI 10.1021/es011406u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 562PR UT WOS:000176208600010 PM 12099456 ER PT J AU Baumgardner, RE Lavery, TF Rogers, CM Isil, SS AF Baumgardner, RE Lavery, TF Rogers, CM Isil, SS TI Estimates of the atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen species: Clean Air Status and Trends Network, 1990-2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; DRY-DEPOSITION; CANOPY INTERACTIONS; CHEMISTRY; DIOXIDE; FORESTS; PRECIPITATION; PARTICLES; FLUXES; MODEL AB The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) was established by the U.S. EPA in response to the requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. To satisfy these requirements CASTNet was designed to assess and report on geographic patterns and long-term, temporal trends in ambient air pollution and acid deposition in order to gauge the effectiveness of current and future mandated emission reductions. This paper presents an analysis of the spatial patterns of deposition of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants for the period 1990-2000. Estimates of deposition are provided for two 4-yr periods: 1990-1993 and 1997-2000. These two periods were selected to contrast deposition before and after the large decrease in SO2 emissions that occurred in 1995. Estimates of dry deposition were obtained from measurements at CASTNet sites combined with deposition velocities that were modeled using the multilayer model, a 20-layer model that simulates the various atmospheric processes that contribute to dry deposition. Estimates of wet deposition were obtained from measurements at sites operated by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. The estimates of dry and wet deposition were combined to calculate total deposition of atmospheric sulfur (dry SO2, dry and wet SO42-) and nitrogen (dry HNO3, dry and wet NO3-, dry and wet NH4+)An analysis of the deposition estimates showed a significant decline in sulfur deposition and no change in nitrogen deposition. The highest rates of sulfur deposition were observed in the Ohio River Valley and downwind states. This region also observed the largest decline in sulfur deposition. The highest rates of nitrogen deposition were observed in the Midwest from Illinois to southern New York State. Sulfur and nitrogen deposition fluxes were significantly higher in the eastern United States as compared to the western sites. Dry deposition contributed approximately 38% of total sulfur deposition and 30% of total nitrogen deposition in the eastern United States. Percentages are similar for the two 4-yr periods. Wet sulfate and dry SO2 depositions were the largest contributors to sulfur deposition. Wet nitrate, wet ammonium, and dry HNO3 depositions were the largest contributors to nitrogen deposition. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Harding ESE Inc, Jacksonville, FL 32250 USA. RP Baumgardner, RE (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 39 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2614 EP 2629 DI 10.1021/es011146g PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 562PR UT WOS:000176208600011 PM 12099457 ER PT J AU Vane, LM Alvarez, FR AF Vane, LM Alvarez, FR TI Full-scale vibrating pervaporation membrane unit: VOC removal from water and surfactant solutions SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE concentration polarization; module designs; pervaporation; water treatment; volatile organic compounds ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; REMEDIATION FLUID; SEPARATION; MODULES; LIQUID; REUSE AB A commercial-scale vibrating membrane system was evaluated for the separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions by pervaporation. Experiments with surrogate solutions of up to five VOCs in the presence and absence of a surfactant were performed to compare performance of the full-scale vibrating system with that previously observed at the laboratory-scale as well as the performance of the same full-scale system during a recent field demonstration project. The primary process variables studied were amplitude of vibration, temperature, liquid flow rate, and permeate pressure. Data were obtained with two types of silicone rubber membranes-a thick (254 mum) fiberglass reinforced silicone membrane and a more typical pervaporation membrane consisting of a 10 mum silicone layer on a microporous support. The full-scale vibrating system delivered mass transfer coefficients comparable to those observed at the laboratory-scale and, under certain conditions, were comparable to those obtained with spiral wound pervaporation modules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 202 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 193 AR PII S0376-7388(01)00755-4 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00755-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 553CL UT WOS:000175657900015 ER PT J AU Masuchika, G AF Masuchika, G TI Confederacy of silence: A true tale of the new old south. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Masuchika, G (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 11 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 564QW UT WOS:000176325900139 ER PT J AU Lan, Q Chapman, RS Schreinemachers, DM Tian, LW He, XZ AF Lan, Q Chapman, RS Schreinemachers, DM Tian, LW He, XZ TI Household stove improvement and risk of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; WOOD COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; MALE BRITISH DOCTORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; SMOKING CESSATION; FUEL COMBUSTION; COOKING FUEL; MORTALITY; WOMEN AB Background: Lung cancer rates in rural Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, are among the highest in China. Residents traditionally burned "smoky" coal in unvented indoor firepits that generated very high levels of air pollution. Since the 1970s, most residents have changed from firepits to stoves with chimneys. This study assessed whether lung cancer incidence decreased after this stove improvement. Methods: A cohort of 21232 farmers, born from 1917 through 1951, was followed retrospectively from 1976 through 1992. All subjects were users of smoky coal who had been born into homes with unvented firepits. During their lifetime, 17184 subjects (80.9%) changed permanently to stoves with chimneys. A hospital record search detected 1384 cases of lung cancer (6.5%) during follow-up. Associations of stove improvement with lung cancer incidence were analyzed with product-limit plots and multivariable Cox models. In 1995, indoor concentrations of airborne particles and benzo[a]pyrene were compared in Xuanwei homes during smoky coal burning in stoves with chimneys and in unvented stoves or firepits. Results: A long-term reduction in lung cancer incidence was noted after stove improvement. In Cox models, risk ratios (RRs) for lung cancer after stove improvement were 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49 to 0.71) in men and 0.54 (95% CI = 0.44 to 0.65) in women (for both, P<.001). Incidence reduction became unequivocal about 10 years after stove improvement. Levels of indoor air pollution during burning with chimneys were less than 35% of levels during unvented burning. Conclusion: Changing from unvented to vented stoves appears to benefit the health of people in China and may do so in other developing countries as well. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Chapman, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MD-52, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Tian, Linwei/A-9736-2009 OI Tian, Linwei/0000-0002-4739-1534 NR 47 TC 141 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 5 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 11 BP 826 EP 835 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 558UG UT WOS:000175984600010 PM 12048270 ER PT J AU Rubes, J Vozdova, M Robbins, WA Rezacova, O Perreault, SD Wyrobek, AJ AF Rubes, J Vozdova, M Robbins, WA Rezacova, O Perreault, SD Wyrobek, AJ TI Stable variants of sperm aneuploidy among healthy men show associations between germinal and somatic aneuploidy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SEX-CHROMOSOME ANEUPLOIDY; HUMAN MITOTIC MUTANT; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; MULTICOLOR FISH; PATERNAL AGE; Y-CHROMOSOME; DIPLOIDY RATES; INFERTILE MEN; X-CHROMOSOME AB Repeated semen specimens from healthy men were analyzed by sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), to identify men who consistently produced elevated frequencies of aneuploid sperm and to determine whether men who were identified as stable variants of sperm aneuploidy also exhibited higher frequencies of aneuploidy in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Seven semen specimens were provided by each of 15 men over a 2-year period and were evaluated by the X-Y-8 multicolor sperm FISH method (i.e., similar to1,050,000 sperm were analyzed from 105 specimens). Three men were identified as stable aneuploidy variants producing significantly higher frequencies of XY, disomy X, disomy Y, disomy 8, and/or diploid sperm over time. In addition, one man and three men were identified as sperm-morphology and sperm-motility variants, respectively. Strong correlations were found between the frequencies of sperm with autosomal and sex-chromosome aneuploidies and between the two types of meiosis II diploidy; but not between sperm aneuploidy and semen quality. A significant association was found between the frequencies of sex-chromosome aneuploidies in sperm and lymphocytes in a subset of 10 men (r(2) = 0.67 P = .004), especially between XY sperm and sex-chromosome aneuploidy in lymphocytes (r(2) = 0.70, P = .003). These findings suggest that certain apparently healthy men can produce significantly higher frequencies of both aneuploid sperm and lymphocytes. Serious long-term somatic and reproductive health consequences may include increased risks of aneuploidy-related somatic diseases and of having children with paternally transmitted aneuploidies, such as Klinefelter, Turner, triple-X, and XYY syndromes. C1 Vet Res Inst, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Inst & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Prog, Livermore, CA USA. RP Rubes, J (reprint author), Vet Res Inst, Hudcova 70, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. RI Vozdova, Miluse/E-1376-2012; Kopecna, Olga/E-1730-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004705] NR 70 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1519 DI 10.1086/340791 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 549LP UT WOS:000175445700012 PM 11992257 ER PT J AU Gamble, BM Gallagher, PA Shoemaker, JA Wei, X Schwegel, CA Creed, JT AF Gamble, BM Gallagher, PA Shoemaker, JA Wei, X Schwegel, CA Creed, JT TI An investigation of the chemical stability of arsenosugars in simulated gastric juice and acidic environments using IC-ICP-MS and IC-ESI-MS/MS SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ARSENIC SPECIATION; INGESTION; SEAWEED AB A more quantitative extraction of arsenic-containing compounds from seafood matrices is essential in developing better dietary exposure estimates. More quantitative extraction often implies a more chemically aggressive set of extraction conditions. However, these conditions may result in undesirable chemical changes in the native arsenicals which may further complicate the toxicological risk assessment. This balance between quantitative extraction and species-specific integrity may be best addressed by using simulated gastric juice as an extraction solvent to mimic 'bioavailability'. This, conceptually, should extract the bioavailable fraction and induce any chemical changes that would occur because of ingestion. The most chemically labile species associated with seafood are thought to be the arsenosugars and for this reason their chemical stability is investigated in this study. Four arsenosugars (3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropylene glycol, As(328); 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, As(392); 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl hydrogen sulfate, As(408); and 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl-2,3-hydroxypropyl phosphate, As(482)) were isolated from seaweed extracts and subjected to simulated gastric juice and acidic conditions which mimic the stomach's pH of 1.1. Three acid solutions were used to test the chemical stability of the arsenosugars: simulated gastric juice, 78 mM nitric acid and 78 mM hydrochloric acid. The composition of the solutions was monitored over time (up to 48 h) using IC-ICP-MS for detection. The arsenosugars were found to degrade at the rate of 1.4% per h at 38 degreesC and 12.2% per h at 60 degreesC. The plots of percent conversion versus time were found to be independent of the starting arsenosugar and all had r(2) values of greater than 0.97. A single common degradation product was observed in all the stability studies. A mass balance between the starting arsenosugar (As(392), As(408) and As(482)) and the degradation product was conducted with each set of experiments. This mass balance indicated that the degradation process did not produce any unchromatographable species. This degradation product was tentatively identified as As(254) as determined by ESI-MS/MS spectral data. An acid hydrolysis mechanism was proposed for the formation of As(254) from each of the native arsenosugars by hydrolysis at the C-L carbon on the ribose ring. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 13 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JUN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 6 BP 781 EP 785 DI 10.1039/b109748b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 565YA UT WOS:000176396800016 PM 12146911 ER PT J AU Nacci, DE Kohan, M Pelletier, M George, E AF Nacci, DE Kohan, M Pelletier, M George, E TI Effects of benzo[a]pyrene exposure on a fish population resistant to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xenobiotic resistance; benzo[a]pyrene; DNA adducts; aryl hydrocarbon receptor ID MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; SUBSTITUTED POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SITE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BEDFORD HARBOR; RAINBOW-TROUT; AH RECEPTOR; COMPARATIVE METABOLISM; ADDUCT FORMATION AB Effects of a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) were compared in populations of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus indigenous to a reference site and one highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other compounds. The fish population resident to the PC B-contaminated site is genetically resistant to those PCB congeners categorized as dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) that act through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In response to DLC exposures, these DLC-resistant fish showed poor inducibility for enzymes known to be regulated by the AHR pathway and important for the metabolism of xenobiotics including some PAHs that also act as AHR agonists. Therefore, a laboratory study using the model PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), was conducted to evaluate how PAHs might affect these wild fish populations that differed in their inherent sensitivities to DLCs and in their tissue concentrations of contaminants. Following BaP treatment, the activities of two xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and the concentrations of BaP-DNA adducts. as measured using the P-32-postlabeling method, were lower in the livers of DLC-resistant than reference fish. These results suggest that DLC-resistance could provide protection following chronic exposures to PAHs from the long-term consequences of DNA adduct formation, such as cancer. Alternatively, reduced metabolism and elimination of toxic or photo-activated PAHs could have acute consequences to the health and reproduction of these DLC-resistant fish and their progeny. These fish populations provide useful models to evaluate the potential costs and benefits of genetic adaptation in wildlife populations subject to anthropogenic stress. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlant Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Natl Hlth Environm Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nacci, DE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlant Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 52 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 4 BP 203 EP 215 AR PII S0166-445X(01)00196-5 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00196-5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 544RE UT WOS:000175173500001 PM 11932001 ER PT J AU Buller, DB Geller, AC Cantor, M Buller, MK Rosseel, K Hufford, D Benjes, L Lew, RA AF Buller, DB Geller, AC Cantor, M Buller, MK Rosseel, K Hufford, D Benjes, L Lew, RA TI Sun protection policies and environmental features in US elementary schools SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OUTDOOR WORKERS; SUNSCREEN USE; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; NEVI AB Objective: To assess current sun protection policies and the receptiveness to new policies at elementary schools in the United States. Design: A cross-sectional telephone survey Setting: General educational community. Patients or Other Participants: In 1998, a random sample of 1000 public elementary schools in the United States was selected (proportional to population size) from 27 metropolitan areas chosen from the 58 US cities regularly reporting the UV index in 1997. A final sample of principals from 412 elementary schools completed the survey. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Only 3.4% of schools had a sun protection policy. The most common reasons for not having a policy included the principal's lack of awareness (n = 113) or organizational barriers in the school districts (n = 77). Most principals (84.2%) said that students were outdoors during midday hours. Many principals (48.3%) were willing to adopt a sun protection policy. Most schools (72.8%) had shade structures but the majority (67.3%) reportedly covered less than one fifth of the grounds. Most principals (76.4%) were willing to increase the amount of shade structures. Conclusions: The low frequency of sun protection policies and shade structures calls for national efforts to change policies and environments to increase sun protection at US schools. Research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these changes. C1 Ctr Hlth Commun, AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80214 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Partners Hlth Syst Inc, Denver, CO USA. Argose Inc, Waltham, MA USA. RP Buller, DB (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Commun, AMC Canc Res Ctr, 1600 Pierce St, Denver, CO 80214 USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 138 IS 6 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1001/archderm.138.6.771 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 563ZG UT WOS:000176287700007 PM 12056958 ER PT J AU Brown, S Chaney, RL Sprenger, M Compton, H AF Brown, S Chaney, RL Sprenger, M Compton, H TI Soil remediation using biosolids SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 572CT UT WOS:000176756400035 ER PT J AU Sassine, MP Mergler, D Bowler, R Hudnell, HK AF Sassine, MP Mergler, D Bowler, R Hudnell, HK TI Manganese accentuates adverse mental health effects associated with alcohol use disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE manganese; mental health; psychological distress; alcohol; environmental pollution; interaction ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SELECTIVE VULNERABILITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DRINKING-WATER; BASAL GANGLIA AB Background: A population-based study, on earl, v neurotoxic effects of environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) enabled its to investigate the relation between blood Mn levels (MnB), alcohol consumption, and risk for alcohol use disorders (AUD) on mental health. Methods: participants were selected using a random stratified sampling procedure. Self-administered questionnaires provided data on alcohol consumption, sociodemographics, medical history, and lifestyle. Mood states were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and risk for AUD was surveyed using a behavioral screening questionnaire and categorized into no, low, and high risk. Of 297 participants, 253 current drinkers who had responded to all questions on alcohol use were retained. Results: Psychologic distress increased with risk for AUD and alcohol consumption greater than or equal to 420 g/week. Higher MnB levels (greater than or equal to7.5 mug/L) intensified the relation between risk for AUD and BSI settle scores. The prevalence odd ratios for positive cases of psychologic distress with risk for AUD, 1.98 [1.13-3.46], differed Amen divided by MnB strata: lower MnB: 1.34 [0.64-2.85]; higher MnB: 4.22 [1.65-10.77]. Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher levels of blood manganese significantly increase neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with risk for alcohol use disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2002;51:909-921 (C) 2002 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Interact Biol Entre Sante & Environm, CINBIOSE, Montreal, PQ H3C 4P3, Canada. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sassine, MP (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Interact Biol Entre Sante & Environm, CINBIOSE, CP 8888,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 4P3, Canada. NR 133 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 51 IS 11 BP 909 EP 921 AR PII S0006-3223()1)01350-6 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01350-6 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 553AC UT WOS:000175651900009 PM 12022965 ER PT J AU Mohamed, MF Kang, DW Aneja, VP AF Mohamed, MF Kang, DW Aneja, VP TI Volatile organic compounds in some urban locations in United States SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds; hydrocarbons; carbonyls; halocarbons; air toxics; urban atmosphere ID NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AMBIENT AIR; HALOCARBONS; VOCS; EMISSIONS; ISOPRENE; VEHICLES; PRODUCT; RATES AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been determined to be human risk factors in urban environments, as well as primary contributors to the formation of photochemical oxidants. Ambient air quality measurements of 54 VOCs including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and carbonyls were conducted in or near 13 urban locations in the United States during September 1996 to August 1997. Air samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency-approved methods. The target compounds most commonly found were benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene. These aromatic compounds were highly correlated and proportionally related in a manner suggesting that the primary contributors were mobile sources in all the urban locations studied. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons ranged between 1.39 and 11.93 parts per billion, by volume (ppbv). Ambient air levels of halogenated hydrocarbons appeared to exhibit unique spatial variations, and no single factor seemed to explain trends for this group of compounds. The highest halogenated hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from 0.24 ppbv for methylene chloride to 1.22 ppbv for chloromethane. At participating urban locations for the year of data considered, levels of carbonyls were higher than the level of the other organic compound groups, suggesting that emissions from motor vehicles and photochemical reactions strongly influence ambient air concentrations of carbonyls. Of the most prevalent carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the dominant compounds, ranging from 1.5-7.4 ppbv for formaldehyde, to 0.8-2.7 ppbv for acetaldehyde. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Air Modelling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Alexandria, High Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat Hlth, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Aneja, VP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI ElSharkawy, Mahmoud/A-3615-2015 OI ElSharkawy, Mahmoud/0000-0002-6143-8618 NR 49 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 8 BP 863 EP 882 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00107-8 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00107-8 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 560MW UT WOS:000176086700007 PM 12079081 ER PT J AU Betowski, LD Enlow, M Riddick, L AF Betowski, LD Enlow, M Riddick, L TI The phototoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a theoretical study of excited states and correlation to experiment SO COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; photo-induced toxicity; excited state calculations; ab initio calculations ID PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MODELS; PAHS AB Investigators using models to determine the phototoxic effects of sunlight on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have invoked the excited states of the molecule as important in elucidating the mechanism of these reactions. Energies of actual excited states were calculated for ten PAHs by several ab initio methods. The main method used for these calculations was the Configuration Interaction approach, modeling excited states as combinations of single substitutions out of the Hartree-Fock ground state. These calculations correlate well with both experimentally measured singlet and triplet state energies and also previous HOMO-LUMO gap energies that approximate the singlet state energies. The excited state calculations then correlate well with general models of photo-induced toxicity based for the PAHs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Betowski, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave,POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0097-8485 J9 COMPUT CHEM JI Comput. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 371 EP 377 AR PII S0097-8485(02)00002-5 DI 10.1016/S0097-8485(02)00002-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 570DM UT WOS:000176643400010 PM 12139420 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Campbell, SP Guerry, AD Kolozsvary, MB O'Connor, RJ Seward, LCN AF Lawler, JJ Campbell, SP Guerry, AD Kolozsvary, MB O'Connor, RJ Seward, LCN TI The scope and treatment of threats in endangered species recovery plans SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE endangered species; Endangered Species Act; recovery plans; threats ID UNITED-STATES AB The recovery of threatened and endangered species is complicated by the number, severity, and tractability of the threats facing each species. We investigated the nature and the treatment of threats in recovery plans for 181 threatened and endangered species. We examined the types of threats facing species, as well as the degree to which threats were understood and addressed. We found that >85% of all species faced at least four out of nine distinct types of threats. The most common, threats were those related to resource use, exotic species, construction, and the alteration of habitat dynamics. Recovery plans lacked basic information about the magnitude, timing, frequency, or severity of 39% of all threats facing the 181 species. Likewise, 37% of all threats were not directly addressed with recovery tasks. Threats from pollution were more poorly understood than other threats, and threats from exotics were better addressed than other types of threats. Finally, we found that threats that were better understood were assigned recovery tasks more often than threats that were more poorly understood. Thus our results suggest that a lack of basic understanding of the nature of the threats facing threatened and endangered species may, in part, be undermining our recovery efforts. C1 Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Ctr Publ Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 13 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.2307/3060975 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553UL UT WOS:000175693800006 ER PT J AU Susarla, S Medina, VF McCutcheon, SC AF Susarla, S Medina, VF McCutcheon, SC TI Phytoremediation: An ecological solution to organic chemical contamination SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Ecology of Post-Mining Landscapes CY MAR, 1999 CL BRANDENBURG UNIV TECHNOL, COTTBUS, GERMANY HO BRANDENBURG UNIV TECHNOL DE chlorinated solvents; pesticides; plants; phytodegradation; phytoremediation; rhizofiltration; TNT ID HYBRID POPLAR TREES; PCB METABOLISM; PLANT; SOIL; TNT; BIOREMEDIATION; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; ROOTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB Phytoremediation is a promising new technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and chlorinated solvents. In this review, in situ, in vivo and in vitro methods of application are described for remediation of these compounds. Phytoaccumulation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytotransformation, phytovolatilization and rhizodegradation are discussed and the role of enzymes in transforming organic chemicals in plants is presented. The advantages and constraints of phytoremediation are provided. Our Conclusions is that phytoremediation prescriptions Must be site-specific; however, these applications have the potential for providing the most cost-effective and resource-conservative approach for remediating sites contaminated with a variety of hazardous chemicals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. GeoSyntec Consultants, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. RP McCutcheon, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mccutcheon.Steven@epamail.epa.gov NR 62 TC 273 Z9 318 U1 31 U2 170 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 SI SI BP 647 EP 658 AR PII S0925-8574(02)00026-5 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00026-5 PG 12 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 570BG UT WOS:000176637700009 ER PT J AU Mueller, SO Clark, JA Myers, PH Korach, KS AF Mueller, SO Clark, JA Myers, PH Korach, KS TI Mammary gland development in adult mice requires epithelial and stromal estrogen receptor alpha SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE MICE; MOUSE UTERUS; KNOCK-OUT; IN-VITRO; ER-ALPHA; FAT PAD; GROWTH; BETA; DISRUPTION; ONTOGENY AB Complete mammary gland development takes place following puberty and depends on the estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and the progesterone receptor (PR) and is tightly regulated by the interaction of the mammary epithelium with the stromal compartment. Studies using mammary tissues of immature mice have indicated that stromal but not epithelial ERalpha is required for mammary gland growth. This study investigates whether these same tissue growth requirements of neonate tissue are necessary for mammary development and response in adult mice. Mammary epithelial cells were isolated from adult mice with a targeted disruption of the ERalpha gene (alphaERKO) or from wild-type counterparts and injected into epithelial-free mammary fat pads of 3-wk-old female aERKO or wild-type mice. Ten weeks after cell injection, analysis of mammary gland whole mounts showed that both stromal and epithelial ERalpha were required for complete mammary gland development in adult mice. However, when the mice were treated with high doses of estradiol (E2) and progesterone, stromal ERalpha was sufficient to generate full mammary gland growth. Surprisingly, ERalpha-deficient epithelial cells were able to proliferate and develop into a rudimentary mammary ductal structure in an ERalpha-negative stroma, indicating that neither stromal nor epithelial ERalpha are required for the mammary rudiment to form in the adult mouse, as confirmed by the phenotype of the alphaERKO mammary gland. Use of this in vivo model system has demonstrated that neonatal and adult mammary tissues use a different tissue-specific role for ERalpha in mammary response. Immunostaining for ERalpha and PR in the mammary outgrowths supported the view that both stromal and epithelial ERalpha, in cooperation with epithelial PR, govern mammary gland development in adult mice. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Comparat Med Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Korach, KS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, MD B3-02,111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X NR 35 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 143 IS 6 BP 2357 EP 2365 DI 10.1210/en.143.6.2357 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 553AR UT WOS:000175653800045 PM 12021201 ER PT J AU Suggs, JA Beam, EW Biggs, DE Collins, W Dusenbury, MR MacLeish, PP Nottingham, KE Smith, DJ AF Suggs, JA Beam, EW Biggs, DE Collins, W Dusenbury, MR MacLeish, PP Nottingham, KE Smith, DJ TI Guidelines and resources for conducting an environmental crime investigation in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE computer forensics; environmental crimes; case studies; Daubert; chemical fingerprinting; link analysis ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY UPDATE; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION RESOURCES; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Common environmental crimes in the United States include the illegal disposal of hazardous waste, unpermitted discharges to sewer systems or surface water, discharge of oil by vessels to waters within United States jurisdiction, the misapplication of pesticides, the illegal importation of ozone-depleting substances, data falsification and laboratory fraud. Federal, state, and sometimes local statutes and regulations are in place to protect the water, air, land, and human health. From a federal perspective, these include the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) for hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for toxic substances, the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) for abandoned waste sites, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) for pesticides. Each of these laws contains some standard methods for sampling and analyses to prove environmental crimes. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) contains the specific requirements of the laws. Within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Criminal Investigation Division (CID) of the Office of Criminal Enforcement, Forensics and Training (OCEFT) has the responsibility to investigate criminal offenses. Criminal offenses are more serious in nature than civil violations in the United States. To successfully prosecute an environmental criminal case, the government has to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that a corporation or person knowingly violated an environmental statute containing criminal sanctions. The same environmental forensic techniques used to provide scientifically defensible data prevail in both civil and criminal cases; the only distinction between the two types of cases is legal. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of AEHS. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Suggs, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 57,POB 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 275 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 91 EP 113 DI 10.1006/enfo.2002.0084 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605VG UT WOS:000178697300002 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Benson, SM Kobelski, B Smith, RE AF Tsang, CF Benson, SM Kobelski, B Smith, RE TI Scientific considerations related to regulation development for CO2 sequestration in brine formations SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE regulation; CO2; sequestration; brine injection ID STORAGE; FLOW AB Carbon management through the underground injection of CO, into subsurface brine formations is being actively studied. If there are no technological constraints for implementation, there could be a large number of wells constructed for injecting a large volume Of CO2. It is therefore important, in parallel with current scientific studies, to consider the appropriate, science-based regulatory framework for CO2 injection. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, authorized under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), has extensive experience in regulating the injection of mainly liquid wastes into geologic formations in the United States. The federal requirements and permit process implemented by EPA and the Primacy States since 1980 have played a critical role in the safety of subsurface disposal of liquid wastes in the US. Physically and chemically, there are significant differences between CO2 and common liquid wastes. Its viscosity and density are much lower and, under injection pressure in the deep formation, it may be under super-critical conditions. Because of the lower density and viscosity, CO2 leakage through the confining strata may be greater when compared to currently injected liquid wastes. Also, the chemical interactions Of CO2 with the geologic formation have their own characteristics. All these scientific factors need to be evaluated to identify new guidelines for appropriate regulatory and monitoring controls. The paper reviews current UIC regulations, injection-well classification scheme and monitoring requirements, and identifies the unique factors related to the physical and chemical processes in the subsurface associated with CO2 injection. Implications of these scientific considerations for regulation development are discussed. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Off Drinking Water & Ground Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0497-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000017 ER PT J AU Orlando, EF Davis, WP Guillette, LJ AF Orlando, EF Davis, WP Guillette, LJ TI Aromatase activity in the ovary and brain of the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) exposed to paper mill effluent SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Work Session on Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on Brain Development and Behavior CY MAR 15-20, 2002 CL INT SCH ETHOL, ETTORE MAFORANA CTR SCI CULTURE, ERICE, ITALY HO INT SCH ETHOL, ETTORE MAFORANA CTR SCI CULTURE DE altered development; aromatase; brain; endocrine disruption; gonad; masculinization; paper mill effluent ID ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; FEMALE MOSQUITOFISH; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; AFFINIS-AFFINIS; PLANT STEROLS; WHITE SUCKER; MASCULINIZATION; CYTOCHROME-P450; ANDROGEN AB Studies have shown that female mosquitofish living downstream of a paper mill located on the Fenholloway River, Florida, have masculinized secondary sex characteristics, including altered anal fin development and reproductive behavior. Masculinization can be caused by exposure to androgens in the water or from an alteration in aromatase activity in the fish. We hypothesized that aromatase activity would be inhibited by a component(s) of the paper mill effluent. Aromatase inhibition could masculinize the hormonal profile and, subsequently, secondary sex characteristics of the exposed females. Therefore, we predicted that ovarian and brain aromatase activity would be lower in the female mosquitofish from the Fenholloway River compared with the reference site, the Econfina River. Adult females were collected and standard length, body mass, anal fin length, and segment number were measured. Ovarian and brain aromatase activity were determined using a tritiated water assay. Fenholloway females had masculinized anal fin development as indicated by an increase in the number of segments in the longest anal fin ray (p < 0.0001), yet the length of the ray did not differ between sites (p = 0.95). Fenholloway females exhibited higher ovarian (p = 0.0039) and brain (p = 0.0003) aromatase activity compared with reference site fish. These data do not support aromatase inhibition as the mechanism for masculinization, suggesting that the masculinization of the Fenholloway female mosquitofish is due to androgenic contaminants. Future studies should examine the relationship between aromatase enzyme activity and exposure to environmental androgens. C1 St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Biol, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Orlando, EF (reprint author), St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Biol, 18952 E Fisher Rd, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. NR 68 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 SU 3 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 565PC UT WOS:000176377800015 PM 12060840 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Ostby, JS Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, AK Ostby, JS Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE TI Androgens and environmental antiandrogens affect reproductive development and play behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Work Session on Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on Brain Development and Behavior CY MAR 15-20, 2002 CL INT SCH ETHOL, ETTORE MAFORANA CTR SCI CULTURE, ERICE, ITALY HO INT SCH ETHOL, ETTORE MAFORANA CTR SCI CULTURE DE androgens; anogenital distance; antiandrogens; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; intrauterine position; play behavior; reproductive development ID INTRAUTERINE POSITION AFFECTS; MASCULINE SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FEMALE HOUSE MICE; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; SOCIAL PLAY; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; GENITAL MORPHOLOGY; EXPOSURE INTERACT; PRENATAL ESTROGEN AB In mammals, exposure to androgens early in development is essential for masculinization of the male reproductive phenotype. Male fetuses exposed to antiandrogens during perinatal life are permanently demasculinized in their morphology and physiology, whereas exposure to exogenous androgens permanently masculinizes females. In some litter-bearing species, proximity in utero of females to males can partially masculinize female siblings and alter their responsiveness to endocrine-disrupting compounds. However, in our strain of rat (CD-SD Charles River), intrauterine position does not significantly influence testosterone concentrations and anogenital distance of fetuses. In comparison, administration of testosterone propionate to pregnant females, at doses that doubled fetal female testosterone levels, did masculinize the reproductive system. Discovery of androgen-active chemicals in the environment has placed increased emphasis on describing the reproductive and behavioral effects of both natural and environmental androgens and antiandrogens. Recently, the effects of an antiandrogen, vinclozolin, on the brain and behavior were cited as a special concern by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in its risk assessment of this pesticide. In rats, one such behavior that is perinatally organized by androgens is social play. Males play more than females, and administration of exogenous androgens during the neonatal period alters the juvenile expression of this sexually dimorphic behavior. Vinclozolin is an androgen receptor antagonist that inhibits androgen-dependent tissue growth in vivo. We were interested in whether developmental exposure to vinclozolin could also alter androgen-dependent behaviors such as play. Neonatal male rats were injected on postnatal days (PNDs) 2 and 3 with corn oil, the pharmacologic antiandrogen flutamide (50 mg/kg), or vinclozolin (200 mg/kg). On PNDs 36-37 animals were observed for social play. Behaviors associated with general social activity such as sniffing and dorsal contact were unaffected by treatment. However, play behavior in males treated with flutamide or vinclozolin was significantly reduced, resembling levels of play characteristic of females rather than untreated males. Therefore, this study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to vinclozolin, an environmental antiandrogen, can alter androgen-dependent play behavior in the male rat. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hotchkiss, AK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, 048A Townshend Hall,1885 Neil Ave Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI gray jr, leon earl/0000-0002-1111-4754 NR 69 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 SU 3 BP 435 EP 439 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 565PC UT WOS:000176377800016 PM 12060841 ER PT J AU Landrigan, PJ Sonawane, B Mattison, D McCally, M Garg, A AF Landrigan, PJ Sonawane, B Mattison, D McCally, M Garg, A TI Chemical contaminants in breast milk and their impacts on children's health: An overview SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE breast milk; breast-feeding; children's health; chemical contaminants ID EXPOSURE AB Human milk is the best source of nutrition for infants. Breast milk contains the optimal balance of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins for developing babies, and it provides a range of benefits for growth, immunity, and development. Unfortunately, breast milk is not pristine. Contamination of human milk is widespread and is the consequence of decades of inadequately controlled pollution of the environment by toxic chemicals. The finding of toxic chemicals in breast milk raises important issues for pediatric practice, for the practice of public health, and for the environmental health research community. It also illuminates gaps in current knowledge including a) insufficient information on the nature and levels of contaminants in breast milk; b) lack of consistent protocols for collecting and analyzing breast milk samples; c) lack of toxicokinetic data; and 4 lack of data on health outcomes that may be produced in infants by exposure to chemicals in breast milk. These gaps in information impede risk assessment and make difficult the formulation of evidence-based health guidance. To address these issues, there is a need for a carefully planned and conducted national breast milk monitoring effort in the United States. Additionally, to assess health outcomes of toxic exposures via breast milk, it will be necessary to examine children prospectively over many years in longitudinal epidemiologic studies that use standardized examination protocols that specifically assess breast milk exposures. Finally, current risk assessment methods need to be expanded to include consideration of the potential risks posed to infants and children by exposures to chemical residues in breast milk. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, New York, NY 10029 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, White Plains, NY USA. RP Landrigan, PJ (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, Box 1057,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009; Mattison, Donald/L-4661-2013 OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874 NR 22 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP A313 EP A315 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900028 PM 12055061 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Phillips, L AF Lorber, M Phillips, L TI Infant exposure to dioxin-like compounds in breast milk SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE breast milk; dioxin-like compounds; dioxins; furans; infant exposure; pharmacokinetic modeling ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; BODY BURDEN; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INCLUDING HUMANS; DIETARY EXPOSURE; TOXICOKINETICS; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; DISPOSITION; MAMMALIANS; FURANS AB We used a one-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetic model to predict the infant body burden of dioxin-like compounds that results from breast-feeding. Validation testing of the model showed a good match between predictions and measurements of dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) in breast-fed infants, and the exercise highlighted the importance of the assumption of the rate of dissipation of TEQs in the infant. We evaluated five nursing scenarios: no nursing (i.e., formula only), and nursing for 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. We assumed that an infant weighs 3.3 kg at birth and is exposed to a total of 800 pg TEQ/day by consumption of breast milk, leading to an estimated body weight-based dose of 242 pg TEQ/kg-day, which drops to 18 pg TEQ/kg-day after 1 year. This decline is due to declines in dioxin concentration in mother's milk and infant body weight increases. This range is significantly higher, on a body-weight basis, than adult TEQ exposure, which has been estimated to average about I pg TEQ/kg-day. For the nursing scenarios of greater than or equal to6 months, we predict that body burdens (expressed as a body lipid concentration) peak at around 9 weeks at 44 ppt TEQ lipid. We predict that the body burden of the formula-fed infants will remain below 10 ppt TEQ lipid during the first year. These results compare to the current adult average body burden of 25 ppt TEQ lipid. We also found that an infant who had been breast-fed for 1 year had an accumulated dose 6 times higher than a 1-year-old infant who had not been breast-fed. For a 70-year lifetime, individuals who had been breast-fed had an accumulated dose 3-18% higher than individuals who had not been breast-fed. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Versar Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP A325 EP A332 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900030 PM 12055063 ER PT J AU Tran, LT Knight, CG O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Riitters, KH Wickham, J AF Tran, LT Knight, CG O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Riitters, KH Wickham, J TI Fuzzy decision analysis for integrated environmental vulnerability assessment of the Mid-Atlantic region SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vulnerability assessment; fuzzy decision analysis; ecological indicators ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; POLLUTION; INDEXES; HEALTH; WATER; AHP AB A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region, Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable to future deterioration, The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental policies. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Integrated Reg Assessment, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), 2217 Earth & Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 50 TC 93 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 845 EP 859 DI 10.1007/s00267-001-2587-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551GT UT WOS:000175552200009 PM 11992175 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Geron, CD Linna, KJ Smith, ND Schauer, JJ AF Hays, MD Geron, CD Linna, KJ Smith, ND Schauer, JJ TI Speciation of gas-phase and fine particle emissions from burning of foliar fuels SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR TRACERS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; BIOMASS COMBUSTION AB Fine particle matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum (PM2.5) and gas-phase emissions from open burning of six fine (foliar) fuels common to fire-prone U.S. ecosystems are investigated. PM2.5 distribution is unimodal within the 10-450 nm range, indicative of an accumulation mode. Smoldering relative to flaming combustion shows smaller particle number density per unit time and median size. Over 100 individual organic compounds in the primarily carbonaceous (>70% by mass) PM2.5 are chemically speciated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Expressed as a percent of PM2.5 mass, emission ranges by organic compound class are as follows: n-alkane (0.1-2%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (0.02-0.2%), n-alkanoic acid (1-3%), n-alkanedioic acid (0.06-0.3%), n-alkenoic acid (0.3-3%), resin acid (0.5-6%), triterpenoid (0.2-0.5%), methoxyphenol (0.5-3%), and phytosterol (0.2-0.6%). A molecular tracer of biomass combustion, the sugar levoglucosan is abundant and constitutes a remarkably narrow PM2.5 mass range (2.8-3.6%). Organic chemical signatures in PM2.5 from open combustion of fine fuels differ with those of residential wood combustion and other related sources, making them functional for source-receptor modeling of PM. Inorganic matter [PM2.5 - (organic compounds + elemental carbon)] on average is estimated to make up 8% of the PM2.5. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography identify 3% of PM2.5 as elements and water-soluble ions, respectively. Compared with residential wood burning, the PM2.5 of fine fuel combustion is nitrate enriched but shows lower potassium levels. Gas-phase C-2-C-13 hydrocarbon and C-2-C-9 carbonyl emissions are speciated by respective EPA Methods T0-15 and T0-11A They comprise mainly low molecular weight C-2-C-3 compounds and hazardous air pollutants (48 wit % of total quantified volatile organic carbon). C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 74 TC 221 Z9 229 U1 8 U2 99 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2281 EP 2295 DI 10.1021/es0111683 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UR UT WOS:000176275600018 PM 12075778 ER PT J AU Colon, D Weber, EJ Baughman, GL AF Colon, D Weber, EJ Baughman, GL TI Sediment-associated reactions of aromatic amines. 2. QSAR development SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVALENT BINDING; SUBSTITUTED ANILINES; ALPHA-NAPHTHYLAMINE; MEDIATED REDUCTION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE SOILS; TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATION; SORPTION AB The fate of aromatic amines in soils and sediments is dominated by irreversible binding through nucleophilic addition and oxidative radical coupling. Despite the common occurrence of the aromatic amine functional group in organic chemicals, the molecular properties useful for predicting reaction kinetics in natural systems have not been thoroughly investigated, Toward this goal, the sorption kinetics for a series of anilines with substituents in the ortho, meta, or para positions were measured in sediment slurries. The sorption kinetics of the substituted anilines were characterized by an initial, rapid sorption process followed by a much slower sorption process. The initial rates of sorption varied with the type and position of the substituent group. Rate constants for the initial sorption process were correlated with molecular descriptors, including dissociation constants (pK(a)'s), Hammett sigma constants, polarographic half-wave potentials (E-1/2), one-electron oxidation potentials (E-1), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies (E-HOMO), and ionization energies (E-IE). On the basis of the strength of linear correlations and the availability of data, dissociation constants and Hammett a constants appear to be the most useful molecular descriptors for predicting reaction rates of substituted anilines in the sediment slurries. The slow rates of sorption were much less sensitive to substituents effects than the rate constants for the faster sorption process, suggesting that the slower process was not controlled by the rate of electron transfer (i.e., nucleophilic addition or radical formation) but was limited by the availability of covalent binding sites. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM weber.eric@epa.gov NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2443 EP 2450 DI 10.1021/es0113551 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UR UT WOS:000176275600037 PM 12075802 ER PT J AU Ford, RG AF Ford, RG TI Rates of hydrous ferric oxide crystallization and the influence on coprecipitated arsenate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS IRON(III) HYDROXIDE; IRON-OXIDES; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ALKALINE MEDIA; NATURAL-WATERS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SOLID-SOLUTION; FERRIHYDRITE AB Arsenate coprecipitated with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was stabilized against dissolution during transformation of HFO to more crystalline iron (hydr)oxides. The rate of arsenate stabilization approximately coincided with the rate of HFO transformation at pH 6 and 40 degreesC. Comparison of extraction data and X-ray diffraction results confirmed that hematite and goethite were the primary transformation products. HFO transformation was significantly retarded at or above an arsenate solid loading of 29 455 mg As/kg HFO. However, HFO transformation proceeded at a significant rate for arsenate solid loadings of 4208 and 8416 mg As/kg HFO. At a solid loading of 8416 mg As/kg HFO, XRD results suggested arsenate primarily partitioned to hematite. Comparison of HFO transformation rates observed in this research to rates obtained from the literature at pH 6 and temperatures ranging from 24 to 70 degreesC suggests that arsenate stabilization could be realized in oxic environments with a significant fraction of iron (hydr)oxides. While this process has not been documented in natural systems, the predicted half-life for transformation of an arsenic-bearing HFO is approximately 300 days at 25 degreesC at solid loading < 8415 mg As/kg HFO. The projected time frame for arsenate stabilization indicates this process should be considered during development of conceptual and analytical models describing arsenic fate and transport in oxic systems containing reactive iron (hydr)oxides. The likelihood of this process would depend on the chemical dynamics of the soil or sediment system relative to iron (hydr)oxide precipitation-dissolution reactions and the potential retarding/competing influence of ions such as silicate and organic matter. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Ford, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 61 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2459 EP 2463 DI 10.1021/es015768d PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UR UT WOS:000176275600039 PM 12075804 ER PT J AU Norton, SB Cormier, SM Suter, GN AF Norton, SB Cormier, SM Suter, GN TI The easiest person to fool SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Norton, SB (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1100 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300001 PM 12069292 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Norton, SB Cormier, SM AF Suter, GW Norton, SB Cormier, SM TI A methodology for inferring the causes of observed impairments in aquatic ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE bioassessment; ecoepidemiology; biosurvey; causality ID INFERENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FIELD AB Biological surveys have become a common technique for determining whether aquatic communities have been injured. However, their results are not useful for identifying management options until the causes of apparent injuries have been identified. Techniques for determining causation have been largely informal and ad hoc. This paper presents a logical system for causal inference. It begins by analyzing the available information to generate causal evidence; available information may include spatial or temporal associations of potential cause and effect, field or laboratory experimental results, and diagnostic evidence from the affected organisms. It then uses a series of three alternative methods to infer the cause: Elimination of causes, diagnostic protocols, and analysis of the strength of evidence. If the cause cannot be identified with sufficient confidence, the reality of the effects is examined, and if the effects are determined to be real, more information is obtained to reiterate the process. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 117, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 34 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1111 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1101:AMFITC>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300002 PM 12069293 ER PT J AU Norton, SB Cormier, SM Suter, GW Subramanian, B Lin, E Altfater, D Counts, B AF Norton, SB Cormier, SM Suter, GW Subramanian, B Lin, E Altfater, D Counts, B TI Determining probable causes of ecological impairment in the Little Scioto River, Ohio, USA: Part 1. Listing candidate causes and analyzing evidence SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE biological assessment; ecoepidemiology; Ohio, USA; macroinvertebrates; fish ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HEAVY-METALS; EXPOSURE CRITERIA; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; TOXICITY; STREAMS; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Little Scioto River in north-central Ohio, USA, is considered to be biologically impaired based on the results of fish and invertebrate surveys. The causes for these impairment,, were evaluated by means of a formal method. Two of the impairments identified on the stream reach were characterized in detail to support the causal assessment. A list of six candidate causes was developed that included habitat alteration, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination, metals contamination. low dissolved oxygen, ammonia toxicity, and nutrient enrichment. Evidence for the causal evaluation was developed with data from the site that associated each candidate cause with the biological responses. Evidence was also developed that drew on data front other locations and laboratory studies, including comparisons of site exposures with screening values and criteria. The formal method increased the transparency of the candidate causes were clearly listed and the pathways by which they may have produced effects were shown. Analysis of the evidence maximized the utility of available data, which were collected as part of monitoring and research programs rather than to specifically support a causal assessment. This case study illustrates how the stressor identification method can be used to draw conclusions from available data about the most likely causes of impairment and to show hat additional studies would be useful. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Sect, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. RP Norton, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM norton.susan@epi.gov NR 50 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1112 EP 1124 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1112:DPCOEI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300003 PM 12069294 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Norton, SB Suter, GW Altfater, D Counts, B AF Cormier, SM Norton, SB Suter, GW Altfater, D Counts, B TI Determining the causes of impairments in the Little Scioto River, Ohio, USA: Part 2. Characterization of causes SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE causation; stressor; fish; invertebrate ID EXPOSURE CRITERIA; BROWN BULLHEAD; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Two stream reaches in the Little Scioto River (OH, USA) were characterized for the causes of impairments measured at two locations. By inductive inference, six candidate causes were winnowed down to three and five candidate causes for each of the two stream reaches. Using a formal strength-of-evidence process, a single cause was determined. At the most upstream location, habitat alterations, including fine-textured substrates and low DO, were characterized as the probable causes for an increased percentage of anomalies of fish, a decreased percentage of mayflies, and an increased percentage of tolerant macroinvertebrates, An increase in the relative weight of fish was attributed to an artificially narrow, deepened channel. Approximately 2 km downstream, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sediments were identified as the cause for both fish and macroinvertebrate impairments. Causal characterization using first elimination and then a strength-of-evidence approach narrowed and defined the causes of ecological impairment even in this situation, where many complex and interacting candidate causes existed. Applying a formal method highlighted types of data and associations that can strengthen and present a more convincing determination of the causes of impairment. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Sect, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. RP Cormier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 Martin Luther King Dr,MS 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cormier.susan@epa.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1137 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1125:DTCOII>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300004 PM 12069295 ER PT J AU Diamond, JM Bressler, DW Serveiss, VB AF Diamond, JM Bressler, DW Serveiss, VB TI Assessing relationships between human land uses and the decline of native mussels, fish, and macroinvertebrates in the Clinch and Powell river watershed, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE watershed; mining; land use; geographical information system; endangered species ID VIRGINIA; FILTERS AB The free-flowing Clinch and Powell watershed in Virginia, USA, harbors a high number of endemic mussel and fish species but they are declining or going extinct at an alarming rate. To prioritize resource management strategies with respect to these fauna, a geographical information system was developed and various statistical approaches were used to relate human land uses with available fish, macroinvertebrate, and native mussel assemblage data. Both the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT) family-level index, and the fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) were lowest in a subwatershed with the greatest coal mining activity (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p < 0,05). Limited analyses in two other sub watersheds suggested that urban and agricultural land uses within a specified riparian corridor were more related to mussel species richness and fish IBI than land uses in entire catchments. Based on land uses within a riparian corridor of 200 in X 2 kin for each biological site in the watershed, fish IBI was inversely related to percent cropland and urban area and positively related to pasture area (stepwise multiple regression, R-2 = 0.55, p < 0.05). Sites less than 2 km downstream of urban areas, 'major highways, or coal mine activities had a significantly lower mean IBI value than those more than 2 km away (ANOVA, p < .05). Land use effects included poorer instream cover and higher substrate embeddedness (t test, p < 0.05). Weaker land use relationships were observed for EPT and mussel species richness. Episodic spills of toxic materials, originating from transportation corridors, mines, and industrial facilities, also have resulted in local extirpations of native species, particularly mussels. The number of co-occurring human activities was directly related to stream elevation in the Clinch River, with more human land uses in headwater areas. Approximately 60% of known U.S. Fish and Wildlife mussel concentration sites in the watershed are located within 2 km of at least two land use sources identified as potentially stressful in our analyses. Our results indicate that a number of land uses and stressors are probably responsible for the decline in native species. However, protection of naturally vegetated riparian corridors may help mitigate some of these effects. C1 Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Diamond, JM (reprint author), Tetra Tech, 10045 Red Run Blvd,Suite 110, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 24 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1155 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1147:ARBHLU>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300006 PM 12069297 ER PT J AU Rogers, CE Brabander, DJ Barbour, MT Hemond, HF AF Rogers, CE Brabander, DJ Barbour, MT Hemond, HF TI Use of physical, chemical, and biological indices to assess impacts of contaminants and physical habitat alteration in urban streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE multiple stressors; metals; habitat quality; macroinvertebrates; urban streams ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; CRITERIA; TOLUENE; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; FRAMEWORK AB Human activities in urban areas can lead to both chemical pollution and physical alteration of stream habitat,,. The evaluation of ecological impacts on urban streams can be problematic where both types of degradation occur. Effects of contaminants. for example, may be masked if stream channelization, loss of riparian vegetation, or other physical stressors exert comparable or larger influences. In the Aberjona watershed (near Boston, MA, USA). we used physical, chemical, and biological indices to discern the relative impacts of physical and chemical stressors. We used standard protocols for assessing the biological condition of low-gradient streams, sampling macroinvertebrate communities from several different habitat types (e.g., overhanging bank vegetation, undercut bank roots, and vegetation on rocks). We strengthened the linkage between chemical exposure and macroinvertebrate response by measuring metal concentrations not only in sediments from the stream bottom but also in the vegetative habitats where the macroinvertebrates were sampled. Linear regression analysis indicated that biological condition was significantly dependent (95% confidence level) on contaminants in vegetative habitats, but not on contaminants in sediments from the stream bottom. Biological condition was also significantly dependent on physical habitat quality; regression analysis on both contaminants, and physical quality yielded the best regression model (r(2) = 0.49). Similar biological impairment was observed at sites with severe contamination or physical impairment or with moderate chemical and physical impairment. These results have implication.,, for the management of urban streams. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. RP Rogers, CE (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8601-D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. OI Brabander, Daniel/0000-0002-2967-3087 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES04675] NR 45 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1156 EP 1167 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1156:UOPCAB>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300007 PM 12069298 ER PT J AU Norton, SB Cormier, SM Smith, M Jones, RC Schubauer-Berigan, M AF Norton, SB Cormier, SM Smith, M Jones, RC Schubauer-Berigan, M TI Predicting levels of stress from biological assessment data: Empirical models from the Eastern Corn Belt Plains, Ohio, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE multivariate regression; spatial autocorrelation; streams; macroinvertebrates; fish ID WATER-QUALITY; NEW-ZEALAND; LAND-USE AB Interest is increasing in using biological community data to provide information on the specific types, of anthropogenic influences impacting streams. We built empirical models that predict the level of six different types of stress with fish and benthic macroinvertebrate data as explanatory variables. Significant models were found for six stressor factors: stream corridor structure: siltation; total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and iron (Fe); chemical oxygen demand (COD) and BOD; zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb); and nitrate and nitrite (NOx) and phosphorus (P). Model R-2 values were lowest for the siltation factor and highest for TSS, BOD, and Fe. Model R-2 values increased when spatial relationships, were incorporated into tire model. The models generally performed well when applied to a random subset of the data. Performance was more mixed Mien models were applied to data collected from a previous time period, perhaps because of a change in the spatial structure of these systems, These models may provide a useful indication of the levels of different stresses impacting stream reaches in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains ecoregion of Ohio, USA. More generally, the models provide additional evidence that biological communities can serve as useful indicators of the types of anthropogenic stress impacting aquatic systems. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Sect, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. RP Norton, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1168 EP 1175 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1168:PLOSFB>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300008 PM 12069299 ER PT J AU Slifko, TR Huffman, DE Dussert, B Owens, JH Jakubowski, W Haas, CN Rose, JB AF Slifko, TR Huffman, DE Dussert, B Owens, JH Jakubowski, W Haas, CN Rose, JB TI Comparison of tissue culture and animal models for assessment of Cryptospridium parvum infection SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptospridium parvum; zoonotic; tissue culture; mouse infectivity; inactivation; correlation; UV; ClO2; HCT-8 cell line ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; CELL-CULTURE; IN-VITRO; OOCYST VIABILITY; PROBABLE-NUMBER; HEALTHY-ADULTS; NEONATAL MICE; INACTIVATION; SAMPLES; DETECT AB The current increased interest for using tissue culture as a surrogate for mouse infection to assess Cryptospridium viability suggests that a comparison of the two models is essential for data interpretation. Therefore, a need remains for a statistical comparison that can demonstrate if infection and inactivation predicted by new tissue culture models are comparable with those predicted by animal models. Data from a total of 31 dose-response trials using both tissue culture and mouse models to assess C. parvum infectivity were compared. The dose needed to infect 50% of the tissue cultures (ID50) was also compared to each ID50 in mice. Average ID(50)s developed using the logit dose-response method for tissue culture and mice were 8 and 107, respectively, suggesting that tissue culture was more sensitive to infection. However, correlation (r) between tissue culture and mouse infectivity was statistically significant (0.9167 [95% CI=0.8428 to 0.9594, p < 0.0001]). Comparison of oocyst disinfection by UV and chlorine dioxide showed no significant difference between inactivation predicted by tissue culture and mouse models (p = 0.8893; t = 0.0141; n = 21). These results demonstrate that tissue culture can successfully be used to measure C. parvum infection and can be used for determining inactivation in disinfection studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Orange Cty Util Lab, Orlando, FL 32825 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USFilter Wallace & Tiernan Prod, Vineland, NJ 08630 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. WaltJay Consulting, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Environm Sci Engn & Policy, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Slifko, TR (reprint author), Orange Cty Util Lab, Orlando, FL 32825 USA. RI Hufffman, Debra/A-7178-2009; Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011; Huffman, Debra/A-4564-2013 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930; NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2002 VL 101 IS 2-3 BP 97 EP 106 AR PII S0014-4894(02)00100-5 DI 10.1016/S0014-4894(02)00100-5 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 618UX UT WOS:000179436600003 PM 12427463 ER PT J AU Harrigan-Farrelly, J AF Harrigan-Farrelly, J TI Status of source water protection SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Prevent Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Harrigan-Farrelly, J (reprint author), US EPA, Prevent Branch, 4606M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 50 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00756.x PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 588PE UT WOS:000177709200003 ER PT J AU Griggs, J AF Griggs, J TI An overview of the multi-agency radiological laboratory analytical protocols manual. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NAREL, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S180 EP S180 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000190 ER PT J AU Meek, B Renwick, A Ohanian, E Sonich-Mullin, C AF Meek, B Renwick, A Ohanian, E Sonich-Mullin, C TI Guidance for derivation of chemical-specific adjustment factors (CSAF) - Development and implementation SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Workshop on Evaluation of Default Safety Factors in Health Risk Assessment CY JUN 01, 2001 CL UNIV MED DENTISTRY, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY HO UNIV MED DENTISTRY DE Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factors (CSAF); toxicokinetics; toxicodynamics; interspecies differences; human variability; uncertainty factor ID UNCERTAINTY AB This manuscript addresses the content of and considerations in the implementation of guidance in the use of kinetic and dynamic data to inform quantitatively extrapolations for inter-species differences and human variability in dose response assessment developed in a project of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) initiative on Harmonisation of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals. The guidance has been developed and refined through a series of planning and technical meetings and larger workshops of a broad range of participants from academia, government agencies and the private sector. The guidance for adequacy of data for replacement of defaults for interspecies differences and human variability commonly adopted in the derivation of Tolerable or Acceptable Intakes is presented principally through illustrative reference to case examples. The relevant guidance is addressed in the context of several generic categories, including determination of the active chemical species, choice of the appropriate kinetic parameter or endpoint (dynamic component) and nature of experimental data, the latter, which includes reference to the relevance of population, route and dose and the adequacy of the number of subjects/samples. In addition to fostering better understanding of the components of and criteria for adequacy of chemical-specific data to quantitate interspecies differences and human variability in kinetics and dynamics, it is anticipated that this guidance will also encourage the development of appropriate data and facilitate their incorporation in a consistent fashion in dose response assessment for regulatory purposes. C1 Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. IPCS Harmonizat Approaches Assessment Risk Exposu, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Meek, B (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 769 EP 782 DI 10.1080/20028091057196 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571CR UT WOS:000176697700008 ER PT J AU Stern, AH Clewell, HJ Swartout, J AF Stern, AH Clewell, HJ Swartout, J TI An objective uncertainty factor adjustment for methylmercury pharmacokinetic variability SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Workshop on Evaluation of Default Safety Factors in Health Risk Assessment CY JUN 01, 2001 CL UNIV MED DENTISTRY, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY HO UNIV MED DENTISTRY DE mercury; methylmercury; pharmacokientic variability; toxicokentic variability; Reference Dose; RfD; uncertainty factor; UF; biomarkers; Monte Carlo ID INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY AB While default uncertainty factor (UF) adjustments have been proposed for pharmacokinetic variability in the derivation of Reference Doses (RfDs), few attempts have been made to derive chemical-specific UFs for such variability. In recent epidemiologic data on the neuro-developmental effects of MeHg, Hg concentration in either hair or blood is the point-of-departure for RfD derivation. The application of a pharmacokinetic model to derive an intake dose from the measured biomarker concentration allows examination of the inter-individual variability in the relationship between intake dose and biomarker concentration through specification of the variability in model parameters. Three independent studies of this variability, using different models and/or different parameter values, are compared. While differences in central tendency estimates give different predictions of the intake dose corresponding to a given biomarker concentration, normalization of the central tendency estimate resulted in strong agreement among the studies. Starting with Hg concentration in hair or blood, and dividing a central tendency estimate of the corresponding intake dose by a UF of 2 to 3, accounts for 95 to 99% of the variability in the relationship between intake dose and biomarker concentration. This variability, however, encompasses only a portion of the maternal ingestion-to-fetal brain pathway. It is therefore likely that this UF underestimates the overall pharmacokinetic variability in this pathway. C1 New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci Res & Technol, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Community Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. KS Crump Grp Inc, ICF Consulting, Ruston, LA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Stern, AH (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci Res & Technol, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 885 EP 894 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571CR UT WOS:000176697700015 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Kim, CS TI Gas-solid two-phase flow in a triple bifurcation lung airway model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE large bronchial airways; aerosol transport and deposition; computational two-phase flow ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION PATTERNS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES AB Laminar oscillatory flow as well as micron-particle transport and wall deposition in a triple bifurcation airway model have been simulated using a validated finite-volume code with user-enhanced programs. Three realistic breathing patterns, i.e., resting, light activity and moderate exercise, were considered. Transient air flow, particle transport, and wall deposition results are shown and summarized in terms of regional particle deposition efficiencies (DEs). The effects of skewed inlet profiles on the flow field and particle deposition were recorded as well. Particle deposition may increase under cyclic flow conditions, i.e., DE-values are typically larger for cyclic flow than for steady flow evaluated at the mean flow rate of a given inhalation or exhalation pulse. While particles deposit mainly around the carinal ridges, i.e., flow dividers, during inspiratory flow due to direct impaction, they deposit on the tubular surfaces during exhalation because of strong secondary flows. Moreover, particle deposition during exhalation is much lower than for inhalation at the same local Stokes number. The comparisons of DEs among different lung generations or bifurcation areas for both cyclic inhalation and exhalation show that DEs in the third bifurcation region may be quite different from those at previous bifurcations due to upstream geometry and flow effects. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910,3211 Broughton Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1046 AR PII S0301-9322(02)00011-3 DI 10.1016/S0301-9322(02)00011-3 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 559QE UT WOS:000176036200007 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, SJ Schnaas, L Salgado-Valladares, M Casanueva, E Geller, AM Hudnell, HK Fox, DA AF Rothenberg, SJ Schnaas, L Salgado-Valladares, M Casanueva, E Geller, AM Hudnell, HK Fox, DA TI Increased ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes in 7- to 10-year-old children resulting from prenatal lead exposure SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD LEAD; CONE DYSTROPHY; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS; RETINAL DEGENERATION; 6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; MERCURY LEVELS; SECULAR TREND; SCOTOPIC ERG; MEXICO-CITY; MONKEYS AB PURPOSE. To determine the dose-response relationship between blood lead concentration ([PbB]) and scotopic ERG amplitude in 7- to 10-year-old children with lifetime lead exposure. METHODS. Full-field flash scotopic ERGS were recorded over a 4-log-unit range in 45 dark-adapted children with normal visual acuity. [PbB] was measured throughout pregnancy and postnatal development, and the subjects' [PbB] levels were grouped at each age by tertiles. RESULTS. The median [PbB] during pregnancy was, from lowest to highest tertile, 2.5 to 5.0, 7.5 to 9.0, and 14.0 to 16.5 mug/dL, and after birth was 4.0 to 8.0, 6.0 to 14.5, and 7.5 to 21.0 mug/dL. Only maternal [PbB] at 12 weeks of pregnancy showed a significant dose-response relationship with the ERG measures, so that with increasing [PbB] there were significant increases in leading-edge a-wave amplitude, peak a-wave amplitude, and b-wave amplitude and sensitivity, with no changes in implicit times. Data analyses showed that children whose mothers had [PbB] of 10.5 mug/dl, or more at 12 weeks of pregnancy had relatively increased a- and b-waves. CONCLUSIONS. Lead exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy produces dose-dependent increases in scotopic a- and b-wave amplitudes in 7- to 10-year-old children. The results suggest that the increases in a- and b-wave amplitudes originate front rods; however, the increased b-wave amplitude and sensitivity may also originate in the inner retina. These alterations Occurred at maternal [PbB] at or below currently accepted safe levels. These novel findings reveal that the developing retina is a sensitive target for lead and suggest that lead-exposed children be examined for possible future visual system deficits. C1 Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Dept Pharmacol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA. Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Environm Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA. Natl Inst Perinatol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fox, DA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Dept Biol & Biochem, 505 J Davis Armistead Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Rothenberg, Stephen/A-1313-2008; Rothenberg, Stephen/A-2147-2009 NR 62 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2036 EP 2044 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 557VA UT WOS:000175927800051 PM 12037016 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Royster, MO Drabkowski, D AF Hilborn, ED Royster, MO Drabkowski, D TI Survey of US public health laboratories: Microbial pathogens on the CCL SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; NORWALK VIRUS; NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUS AB The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) amendments of 1996 mandated that the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) develop of list of unregulated drinking water contaminants to be evaluated for potential regulation. In 1998, USEPA published the first Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) to meet this SDWA requirement. The microbial pathogens included on the CCL have various methods of transmission to humans, including drinking water, but few are included on statewide or national disease reporting systems. Thus, USEPA cannot estimate the illness caused by these pathogens or their overall effect on public health. The authors conducted a comprehensive survey of state public health laboratories (SPHLs) for fiscal-year 1999 to determine which SPHLs received and analyzed human specimens for CCL pathogens, to determine the number of samples analyzed for each pathogen and the number of specimens that tested positive, and to document the analytical methods used. Ninety-four percent of the SPHLs participated in the survey, but the number of specimens, verified pathogens, and analytical methods varied. Fewer than 5% of clinical specimens yielded evidence of infection with a CCL pathogen-except for analysis of calicivirus, which was detected 40% of the time. Most SPHLs used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze samples for only calicivirus. Because PCR can detect a variety of CCL pathogens, the authors concluded that SPHLs were underutilizing the sensitive PCR techniques for detection of CCL pathogens. This survey is a first step in evaluating the impact of CCL pathogens on public health, but further studies are needed to identify additional laboratories to participate in surveys and examine the potential human health risk factors that resulted in the identified pathogen infection. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 6 BP 88 EP + PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 561AB UT WOS:000176112600019 ER PT J AU Bouchard, DC AF Bouchard, DC TI Cosolvent effects on sorption isotherm linearity SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorption; solubility; transport; mixed solvents; kinetics ID DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GLASS-TRANSITION; NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; COMPETITIVE SORPTION; DEPENDENT SORPTION; HUMIC-ACID; SOILS; SEDIMENTS AB Sorption-desorption hysteresis, slow desorption kinetics, and other nonideal phenomena have been attributed to the differing sorptive characteristics of the natural organic polymers associated with soils and sediments. In this study, aqueous and mixed solvent systems were used to investigate the effects of a cosolvent, methanol, on sorption isotherm linearity with natural organic matter (NOM), and to evaluate whether these results support, or weaken, the rubbery/glassy polymer conceptualization of NOM. All of the sorption isotherms displayed some nonlinear character. Our data indicates that all of the phenanthrene and atrazine isotherms were nonlinear up to the highest equilibrium solution concentration to solute solubility in water or cosolvent ratios (C-e/S-w,S-c) used, approximately 0.018 and 0.070, respectively. Isotherm linearity was also observed to increase with volumetric methanol content (f(c)). This observation is consistent with the NOM rubbery/glassy polymer conceptualization: the presence of methanol in NOM increased isotherm linearity as do solvents in synthetic polymers, and suggests that methanol is interacting with the NOM, enhancing its homogeneity as a sorptive phase so that sorption is less bimodal as f(c) increases. When the equilibrium solution concentration was normalized for solute solubility in water or methanol-water solutions, greater relative sorption magnitude was observed for the methanol-water treatments. This observation, in conjunction with the faster sorption kinetics observed in the methanol-water sediment column systems, indicates that the increase in relative sorption magnitude with f(c) may be attributed to the faster sorption kinetics in the methanol-water systems, and hence, greater relative sorptive uptake for the rubbery polymer fraction of NOM at similar time scales. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bouchard, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 174 AR PII S0169-7722(01)00213-3 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00213-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 560HB UT WOS:000176075700001 PM 12102316 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Rennecker, JL Tomiak, RB Marinas, BJ Miltner, RJ Owens, JH AF Kim, JH Rennecker, JL Tomiak, RB Marinas, BJ Miltner, RJ Owens, JH TI Inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a pilot-scale ozone bubble-diffuser contactor. II: Model validation and application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE ozone; bubbles; simulation; disinfection ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; INDIGO METHOD; CHLORINE; COLUMN; WATER AB The axial dispersion reactor (ADR) model developed in Part I of this study was successfully validated with experimental data obtained for the inactivation of C. parvum and C. muris oocysts with a pilot-scale ozone-bubble diffuser contactor operated with treated Ohio River water. Kinetic parameters, required to model the effect of temperature on the decomposition of ozone in treated Ohio River water and oocyst inactivation, were determined from batch and semibatch ozonation experiments, The ADR model was used to simulate the effects of operating conditions (feed-gas ozone concentration, liquid flow rate, and gas flow rate), and water quality related parameters (fast ozone demand, first and second order ozone decomposition rate constants, and temperature) on the performance of the pilot-scale contactor. The model simulation provided valuable insight into understanding the performance of ozone disinfection systems and recommendations for ozone contactor design and optimization. For example, the simulation revealed that meeting inactivation requirements for C. parvum oocysts would be more challenging at relatively lower temperatures. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Naval Mobile Construct Battal FIVE, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Marinas, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Kim, Jae-Hong/G-7901-2012 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 522 EP 532 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(522) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554FE UT WOS:000175722700007 ER PT J AU Wine, RN McPherson, CA Harry, GJ AF Wine, RN McPherson, CA Harry, GJ TI Elevation of cyclin D1 following trimethyltin induced hippocampal neurodegeneration SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 81 SU 1 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 573KU UT WOS:000176829500247 ER PT J AU McPherson, CA Wine, RN Kubik, JA Harry, GJ AF McPherson, CA Wine, RN Kubik, JA Harry, GJ TI Trimethyltin induced hippocampal neurodegeneration elevates cyclins A and B SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 81 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 573KU UT WOS:000176829500327 ER PT J AU Easterling, MR Styblo, M Evans, MV Kenyon, EM AF Easterling, MR Styblo, M Evans, MV Kenyon, EM TI Pharmacokinetic modeling of arsenite uptake and metabolism in hepatocytes - Mechanistic insights and implications for further experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 24-29, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Toxicol DE pharmacokinetic model; arsenic; sensitivity analysis ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); IN-VITRO METHYLATION; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; RABBIT LIVER; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; BILIARY-EXCRETION; RAT HEPATOCYTES; METHYLTRANSFERASE AB Arsenic (iAs) is a known human carcinogen and widespread contaminant in drinking water. To provide a quantitative framework for experimental design and hypothesis testing, we developed a pharmacokinetic model describing the uptake and methylation of arsenite (AsIII) in primary rat hepatocytes. Measured metabolites were inorganic As (iAs), mono-methylated As (MMA), and di-methylated As (DMA) concentration in cells and media. Transport and methylation parameters were estimated from time course data for iAs, MMA, and DMA at three initial media As(III) concentrations (0.1, 0.4, 1.0 muM). Inhibition of the formation DMA from MMA by As(III) was necessary to adequately describe the data. The data were consistent with multiple types of inhibition, although uncompetitive inhibition provided a slightly better fit. Model simulations indicate that cellular MMA (cMMA) is a key arsenical to measure; measurement of cMMA in the 4-6 hr time range using an initial concentration of 1.4 muM AsIII would provide the best experimental conditions to distinguish uncompetitive from other types of inhibition. Due to the large number of model parameters estimated from the data, we used sensitivity analysis to determine the influential parameters. Use of sensitivity surfaces facilitated the comparison of parameters over time and across doses. Predicted model responses were most sensitive to influx and efflux parameters, suggesting that transport processes are critical in determining cellular arsenical concentrations. These high sensitivities imply that independent experiments to estimate these parameters with greater certainty may be crucial for refinement of this model and to extend this model to describe methylation and transport in human hepatocytes. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Easterling, MR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1567-567X J9 J PHARMACOKINET PHAR JI J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 207 EP 234 DI 10.1023/A:1020248922689 PG 28 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 594ZN UT WOS:000178082500001 PM 12449496 ER PT J AU Gould, JM AF Gould, JM TI Between barbarism and a solar transition SO MONTHLY REVIEW-AN INDEPENDENT SOCIALIST MAGAZINE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gould, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MONTHLY REVIEW FOUNDATION PI NEW YORK PA 122 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0027-0520 J9 MON REV JI Mon. Rev.-Indep. Social. Mag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 580JV UT WOS:000177232200005 ER PT J AU Welsh, R Hubbell, B Ervin, DE Jahn, M AF Welsh, R Hubbell, B Ervin, DE Jahn, M TI GM crops and the pesticide paradigm SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POLLEN; CORN C1 Clarkson Univ, Sch Liberal Arts, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Welsh, R (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Sch Liberal Arts, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM welshjr@clarkson.edu OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 EI 1546-1696 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 548 EP 549 DI 10.1038/nbt0602-548 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 558NM UT WOS:000175973500013 PM 12042850 ER PT J AU Timofeeva, OA Gordon, CJ AF Timofeeva, OA Gordon, CJ TI EEG spectra, behavioral states and motor activity in rats exposed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sleep-wake; spindles; waking immobility; theta rhythm; gamma activity; core temperature; organophosphate ID HIPPOCAMPAL THETA-RHYTHM; FREELY MOVING RAT; REM-SLEEP; ANESTHETIZED RATS; UNRESTRAINED RAT; PILOCARPINE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; MECHANISMS; URETHANE; ATROPINE AB Exposure to organophosphates (OP) has been associated with sleep disorders such as insomnia and "excessive dreaming." The central mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. OPs inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, leading to a hyperactivity of the brain cholinergic systems that are involved in sleep regulation. We studied alterations in the EEG, behavioral states, motor activity and core temperature in rats orally administered with 10 or 40 mg/kg of the OP insecticide chlorpyrifos (CHP). Occipital EEG, motor activity and core temperature were recorded with telemetric transmitters. Behavioral sleep-wake states were visually scored. Both doses of CHP produced alterations of the EEG (decrease in power of sigma/beta and increase in slow theta and fast gamma bands) characteristic of arousal. EEG alterations were consistent with behavioral changes such as an increase in wakefulness and a decrease in sleep. Waking immobility was a prevalent behavior. We did not detect any overt signs of CHP toxicity, such as an abnormal posture or gait, suggesting that reduced locomotion can be a result of central effects of CHP (such as activation of cholinergic motor inhibitory system) rather than peripheral (such as an impairment of neuromuscular function). Changes in the EEG and behavior occurred independently of the decrease in core temperature. Increased wakefulness together with reduced motor activity after exposure to CHP seems to be a result of hyperactivity in brain cholinergic neuronal networks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, US EPA, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Timofeeva, OA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 3 BP 669 EP 679 AR PII S0091-3057(02)00737-2 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00737-2 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 566XW UT WOS:000176454400020 PM 12175464 ER PT J AU Yang, YL Gordon, CJ AF Yang, YL Gordon, CJ TI Possible role of vasopressin in the thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos in the rat SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRALLY-ADMINISTERED VASOPRESSIN; ARGININE VASOPRESSIN; TEMPERATURE; ANTIPYRESIS; HYPOTHERMIA; PEPTIDES; HYPOXIA; FEVER AB Arginine vasopressin is a naturally occurring antipyretic which is released into the CNS to prevent excessive elevations in body temperature during fever. Circulating levels of arginine vasopressin may also have a role in the tonic control of body temperature. We have found that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos will raise blood pressure and lower body temperature in the rat. Because arginine vasopressin is a potent hypertensive agent and is capable of lowering core temperature, we suspected that arginine vasopressin may be involved in the thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos. To this end, core temperature and motor activity of male and female Sprague-Dawely rats were monitored before and after treatment with the corn oil vehicle or chlorpyrifos (15 mg/kg in females; 30 mg/kg in males; oral) concomitant with injection of a saline vehicle or a type I arginine vasopressin antagonist (20 mug/kg in females; 30 mug/kg in males; intraperitoneally). Rats dosed with chlorpyrifos and saline underwent a 2-3degrees reduction in core temperature >50% decrease in motor activity. The VI antagonist attenuated the hypothermic effect of chlorpyrifos in both sexes. Chlorpyrifos-induced inhibition in motor activity was unaffected by the VI antagonist. In another experiment, the VI antagonist (30 mug/kg) was co-administered with saline or 0.2 mg/kg oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist that stimulates a heat loss response and partially mimics the effects of chlorpyrifos. The VI antagonist attenuated the hypothermic effect of oxotremorine in both sexes. Plasma arginine vasopressin levels were determined in male rats 3 hr after corn oil or 30 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. There was no significant effect of chlorpyrifos on plasma levels of arginine vasopressin. That the VI antagonist blocked the hypothermic effect of chlorpyrifos suggests that the thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos is mediated by central and/or systemic vasopressin release. The lack of a significant increase in plasma vasopressin after chlorpyrifos suggests that localized release of vasopressin may be involved in the thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2002.900604.x PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 570RD UT WOS:000176670700004 PM 12403052 ER PT J AU Guindon, B Edmonds, CM AF Guindon, B Edmonds, CM TI Large-area land-cover mapping through scene-based classification compositing SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Over the past decade, a number of initiatives have been undertaken to create definitive national and global data sets consisting of precision corrected Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes. One important application of these data is the derivation of large area land-cover products spanning multiple satellite scenes. A popular approach to land-cover mapping on this scale involves merging constituent scenes into image mosaics prior to image clustering and cluster labeling, thereby eliminating redundant geographic coverage arising from overlapping imaging swaths of adjacent orbital tracks. In this paper, arguments are presented to support the view that areas of overlapping coverage contain important information that can be used to assess and improve classification performance. A methodology is presented for the creation of large area land-cover products through the compositing of independently classified scenes. Statistical analyses of classification consistency between scenes in overlapping regions are employed both to identify mislabeled clusters and to provide a measure of classification confidence for each scene at the cluster level. During classification compositing, confidence measures are used to rationalize conflicting classifications in overlap regions and to create a relative confidence layer, sampled at the pixel level, which characterizes the spatial variation in classification quality over the final product. The procedure is illustrated with results from a synoptic mapping project of the Great Lakes watershed that involved the classification and compositing of 46 Landsat MSS scenes. C1 Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Guindon, B (reprint author), Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 588 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 6 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 560EM UT WOS:000176069800004 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Guidici, DL Laws, SC Cooper, RL AF Stoker, TE Guidici, DL Laws, SC Cooper, RL TI The effects of atrazine metabolites on puberty and thyroid function in the male Wistar rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; diaminochlorotriazine; deethylatrazine; deisopropylatrazine; preputial separation; hormones; puberty; reproductive tract ID DEGRADATION; EXPOSURE AB Recently we reported that atrazine (ATR), a chlorotriazine herbicide, alters the onset of puberty in male Wistar rats. In this study, we examined the same reproductive parameters in the developing male rat following a similar exposure to the primary, chlorinated metabolites of atrazine. Intact male Wistar rats were gavaged from postnatal day (PND) 23 through PND 53 and several reproductive endpoints were examined. The doses selected were the molar equivalents to atrazine in our previous work. Deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), and diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) were administered by gavage at doses equivalent to the atrazine equimolar doses (AED) of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg. Preputial separation (PPS) was significantly delayed by DEA at 25, 100, and 200 AED, by DIA at 25, 100, and 200 AED, and by DACT at 12.5 through 200 AED. When the males were killed on PND 53, DEA (100 and 200 AED), DIA (50 through 200 AED), and DACT (200 AED) treatments caused a significant reduction in ventral prostate weight, while only the highest doses of DIA and DEA resulted in a significant decrease in lateral prostate weight. Seminal vesicle weight was reduced by DEA (25, 100, and 200 AED), DIA (100 and 200 AED), and 100 and 200 AED of DACT. Epididymal weights were reduced in the DEA (200 AED), DIA (200 AED), and DACT (100 and 200 AED) treatment groups. Serum testosterone was reduced only in the males receiving the 2 highest doses of DIA. Serum estrone was increased in the 2 highest doses of the DACT group, while serum estradiol was not different in any group. No differences were observed in any of the thyroid measures. In summary, the metabolites of ATR delay puberty in a manner similar to that observed in the previous study testing atrazine. These data also suggest that the 3 chlorinated metabolites are similar to ATR, by affecting the CNS control of the pituitary/gonadal axis and subsequent development of the reproductive tract. C1 US EPA, Gamete & Eraly Embryo Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Gamete & Eraly Embryo Biol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 30 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1093/toxsci/67.2.198 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 556MD UT WOS:000175852800007 PM 12011479 ER PT J AU Becker, S Soukup, JM Gallagher, JE AF Becker, S Soukup, JM Gallagher, JE TI Differential particulate air pollution induced oxidant stress in human granulocytes, monocytes and alveolar macrophages SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE oxidant stress; human alveolar macrophages; monocytes; granulocytes; environmental pollution; particles; induced apoptosis; necrosis ID OIL FLY-ASH; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RADICAL GENERATION; INDUCED ACTIVATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; MINERAL DUSTS; AMBIENT AIR; METAL-IONS; PARTICLES AB It has been proposed that oxidant stress of cells in the lung is one of the underlying mechanisms of particulate pollution-induced exacerbation of lung disease. Individuals who are considered most sensitive to particulate pollution are those with pre-existing airways inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection or asthma. These diseases are characterized by a presence of inflammatory cells in the airways including neutrophils (PMN), eosinophils and monocytes (Mo), and increased numbers of alveolar macrophages (AM). These cells have a high capacity for production of oxygen radicals, as compared to other cell types of the lung. To assess the oxidative response of these various cell types to pollution particles of various sources, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was employed. Particles including transition metal-rich residual oil fly ashes (ROFAs), coal fly ashes, diesel, SiO2, TiO2 and fugitive dusts were co-cultured with AM, Mo and PMN in a dose range of 10-100 mug/2x 10(5) cells and chemiluminescence determined following a 20-min interaction. A strong oxidant response of AM was restricted to oil fly ashes, while the PMN were most reactive to the dusts containing aluminium silicate. In general, the Mo response was less vigorous, but overlapped both AM- and PMN-stimulating dusts. However, in response to SiO2, and volcanic ash the Mo chemiluminescence exceeded that of the other cell types. Oxygen radicals generated in response to ROFA by the AM were likely to be dependent on mitochondrial processes, while the response in PMN involved the membrane NADPH oxidase complex, as determined by targeting inhibitors. The response of AM to SiO2 of various sizes and TiO2 in the fine size range obtained from different commercial sources, was highly variable, implying that composition rather than size was responsible for the oxidant response. A strong chemiluminescence response was not consistently associated with cytotoxicity in the responsive cell. Taken together, these results suggest that oxidant activation by various sources of particulate matter is cell specific. Therefore, the inflamed lung is likely to be more susceptible to harm of ambient air particulates because of the oxidant stress posed by a broader range of particles. (C), 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Becker, S (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Bldg,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 44 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 AR PII S0887-2333(02)00015-2 DI 10.1016/S0887-2333(02)00015-2 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 568JM UT WOS:000176538700001 PM 12020593 ER PT J AU Galbraith, H Jones, R Park, R Clough, J Herrod-Julius, S Harrington, B Page, G AF Galbraith, H Jones, R Park, R Clough, J Herrod-Julius, S Harrington, B Page, G TI Global climate change and sea level rise: Potential losses of intertidal habitat for shorebirds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE shorebirds; intertidal habitat; climate change; sea-level rise ID COAST AB Global warming is expected to result in an acceleration in Current rates of sea level rise, inundating many low-lying coastal arid intertidal areas. This could have important implications for organisms that depend on these sites, including shorebirds that rely on them for feeding habitat during their migrations and in winter. We modeled the potential changes in the extent of intertidal foraging habitat for shorebirds at five sites in the United States that currently-support internationally important numbers of migrating and wintering birds. Even assuming a conservative global warming scenario of 2degreesC within the next century (the most recent projections range between 1.4degreesC and 5.8degreesC), we project major intertidal habitat loss at four of the sites (Willapa Bay, Humboldt Bay, San Francisco Bay, arid Delaware Bay). Projected losses range between 20% and 70% of current intertidal habitat. Such losses might jeopardize the ability of these sites to continue to support their current shorebird numbers. The most Severe losses are likely to occur at sitcom where the coastline is unable to move inland because of steep topography or seawalls. The effects of sea level rise may be exacerbated by additional anthropogenic factors. In southern San Francisco Bay, for example, sea level rise may interact with land subsidence due to aquifer depletion, and the constraints imposed by existing seawalls on the landward migration of habitat, resulting in the greatest habitat loss. At the fifth site (Bolivar Flats) we project smaller losses as the intertidal habitat: are unconstrained by sea walls and will be able to migrate inland in response to rising sea level. Installation of additional coastal protection barriers at this site and others is likely to exacerbate the rate and extent of intertidal habitat loss. C1 Galbraith Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. Eco Modeling, Diamondhead, MS 39525 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94976 USA. RP Galbraith, H (reprint author), Galbraith Environm Sci, 633 Furman Way, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 32 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 10 U2 83 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0173:GCCASL]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 562CM UT WOS:000176179900006 ER PT J AU Leavens, TL Sparrow, BR Devito, MJ AF Leavens, TL Sparrow, BR Devito, MJ TI Lack of antiandrogenic effects in adult male rats following acute exposure to 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1, 1-dichloroethylene (p,p '-DDE) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE); antiandrogen; disposition; endocrine disruption ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; IN-UTERO; DDT; CYTOCHROME-P-450; TESTOSTERONE; POPULATION AB Although the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was banned in the US in 1972, DDT and its major metabolite 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE) are still persistent in the environment. DDE at high doses is antiandrogenic in fetal and adult rats and, therefore, is of concern in humans exposed environmentally. The objective of this work was to determine the dose-response relationship between DDE and its antiandrogenic effect in adult, male rats and to quantitate the concentration of DDE in tissues following oral exposures. Adult, male, Long-Evans rats (11-13 weeks) were castrated, implanted with testosterone capsules, and dosed by oral gavage with 0, 5, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg DDE per kg body weight (BW) per day in corn oil for 4 days. On day 5 the rats were euthanized and liver, adrenals, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicles were weighed as a measure of response to DDE exposure. Blood, adrenals, brain, fat, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, and skin were analyzed for DDE concentrations. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured in serum. There was a decrease in prostate weight that was not dose dependent; only the prostate weights in rats treated with 12.5 mg DDE per kg BW per day were reduced significantly compared to controls. The liver displayed a dose-dependent increase in weight that was significantly greater than control at DDE doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW per day. Blood concentrations of DDE ranged from 0.32 to 11.3 ppm, while tissue concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 2620 ppm with the highest concentration in fat. Although DDE concentrations in the androgen-responsive tissues were higher than concentrations previously shown in vitro to inhibit androgen-receptor transcriptional activity, these concentrations did not appear to be antiandrogenic in vivo. The doses administered to the rats in this study are at least 10(5)-fold greater than the daily, average of human dietary intake of DDE. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Leavens, TL (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, MD-58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 174 IS 2 BP 69 EP 78 AR PII S0300-438X(02)00072-0 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00072-0 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 565HV UT WOS:000176364600001 PM 11985884 ER PT J AU Allis, JW Zhao, GY AF Allis, JW Zhao, GY TI Quantitative evaluation of bromodichloromethane metabolism, by recombinant rat and human cytochrome P450s SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE recombinant enzymes; Michaelis-Menten kinetics; cytochrome p450s 2E1; IA2; 2B1; 3A4 ID IN-VIVO; DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; 3 FORMS; LIVER; ENZYMES; CANCER; DICHLOROMETHANE; TRIHALOMETHANE; CHLOROFORM AB We report quantitative estimates of the parameters for metabolism of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) by recombinant preparations of hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) from rat and human. Earlier work identified CYP2E1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP1A2 as activating enzymes necessary for hepatotoxicity in rat. In order to extend an existing PBPK model for rat to include a capability for extrapolation to humans, it is necessary to evaluate quantitatively the principal metabolic pathways in both species. We have conducted in vitro experiments using recombinant preparations of the three rat CYP isoenzymes mentioned above and for CYP2C11 and CYP3A1 as well. Similar experiments have been performed with human recombinant isoenzymes for CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Results indicate that the principal metabolizing enzymes in rat are those identified previously, CYP2E1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP1A2. CYP3A1 may also have some activity. In human, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 show substantial activity, and CYP2A6 also measurably metabolizes BDCM. In both species, CYP2E1 is the low K-m isoenzyme, with each with a higher K-m for BDCM than CYP2E1, have been identified in both species. The results appear consistent with available in vivo data in rat and with the predictions of the existing PBPK model for BDCM in rat. The inclusion of multiple CYP isoenzymes in the PBPK model may improve the model's ability to predict the physiological distribution of BDCM. Evaluation of the metabolic parameters for rat and human are essential for the model to be extended to predict effects in humans. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Allis, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 137 EP 153 AR PII S0009-2797(02)00022-4 DI 10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00022-4 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576WV UT WOS:000177030900004 PM 12076521 ER PT J AU Zhao, GY Allis, JW AF Zhao, GY Allis, JW TI Kinetics of bromodichloromethane metabolism by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in human liver microsomes SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE human microsomes; Michaelis-Menten kinetics; cytochrome P450s 2E1; 1A2; 3A4 ID TOXICITY; RATES AB The kinetic constants for the metabolism of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) by three cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes have been measured in human liver microsomes. The three CYP isoenzymes, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, have been identified previously as important in the metabolism of this compound. To measure the constants for each isoenzyme, enzyme-specific inhibitory antibodies were used to block the activities for two of the three isoenzymes. CYP2E1 was found to have the lowest K-m, 2.9 muM, and the highest catalytic activity, k(cat). The K-m for the other isoenzymes, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, were about 60 muM with lower values of k(cat). Apparent kinetic constants obtained from two microsomal samples that were not inhibited were consistent with these results. In addition, 11 human microsome samples characterized for 10 CYP activities were correlated with the metabolism of 9.7 muM BDCM by each sample; statistical analysis showed a correlation with CYP2E1 activity only. This result is consistent with the finding that CYP2E1 is the only isoenzyme with a K-m lower than the BDCM concentration used. The kinetic constants obtained from the inhibited microsomes were compared to similar results from recombinant human isoenzyme preparations containing only one CYP isoenzyme. The results for CYP2E1 were very similar, while the results for CYP1A2 were somewhat less similar and there was a substantial divergence for CYP3A4 in the two systems. Possible reasons for these differences are differing levels of CYP reductase and/or differing makeup of the membrane lipid environment for the CYPs. Because of the low levels of BDCM exposure from drinking water, it appears likely that CYP2E1 will dominate hepatic CYP-mediated BDCM metabolism in humans. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Allis, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 155 EP 168 AR PII S0009-2797(02)00021-2 DI 10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00021-2 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576WV UT WOS:000177030900005 PM 12076522 ER PT J AU Wagner, HP Pepich, BV Hautman, DP Munch, DJ AF Wagner, HP Pepich, BV Hautman, DP Munch, DJ TI US Environmental Protection Agency Method 326.0, a new method for monitoring inorganic oxyhalides and optimization of the postcolumn derivatization for the selective determination of trace levels of bromate SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Ion Chromatography Symposium (IICS) CY SEP 09-12, 2001 CL OAK BROOK, ILLINOIS DE water analysis; disinfection by-products; derivatization, LC; oxyhalides; bromate; inorganic anions ID SUB-PPB LEVELS; ION-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER; NITRITE; BROMIDE AB The development of US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 317.0 provided a more sensitive, acceptable alternative to EPA Method 300.1 to be proposed as one of the recommended compliance monitoring methods for Stage II of the Disinfectants/ Disinfection By-Products (DBP) Rule. This work was initiated to evaluate other postcolumn reagents (PCRs) that might be utilized to provide an additional, alternative method in order to augment compliance monitoring flexibility for inorganic oxyhalide DBP anions. Modifications of the method reported by Salhi and von Gunten, which included adjustment and optimization of flow-rates, reaction temperature, and delivery of the PCR, improved the method performance. Method 326.0 incorporates an acidic solution of potassium iodide containing catalytic amounts of molybdenum(VI) as the PCR and provides acceptable precision and accuracy for all analytes and a postcolumn bromate detection limit in reagent water of 0.17 mug/l. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IT Corp, Applicat Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Wagner, HP (reprint author), IT Corp, Applicat Grp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 956 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 101 AR PII S0021-9673(02)00146-2 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00146-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 567LR UT WOS:000176486700014 PM 12108673 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA AF Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA TI Effects of aging and pH on dissolution kinetics and stability of chloropyromorphite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAD ORTHOPHOSPHATES; HYDROXYAPATITE; SOIL; BIOAVAILABILITY; STABILIZATION; PYROMORPHITE; SOLUBILITY; EXAFS; OXIDE AB The objectives of this research were to understand the effect of aging time on chloropyromorphite stability by dissolution, to examine physical and chemical alterations of the pyromorphite samples, and to model the kinetic data collected from the dissolution experiments. The results of this investigation indicate that chloropyromorphite formation is kinetically rapid and that its dissolution in acid is thermodynamically stable, ideal conditions for Pb immobilization that has emerged as a potential remediation strategy. In terms of aging prior to dissolution, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies were unable to distinguish fundamental differences in progressively aged samples; however, high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTGA) did demonstrate that the thermostability of the chloropyromorphite material increased with increasing residence time. The stirred-flow and batch dissolution studies suggest that the aging process ceased within 24 h and that the dissolution rate of the 1-day aged sample was not significantly different than the 1-year aged specimen. The amount of Pb released peaked at 21% (1-h sample, stirred-flow, pH 2,0) and was as low as 0.17% (1-year sample, batch method, pH 6.0). Postdissolution analyses of chloropyromorphite with XAFS, XRD, and HRTGA revealed no detectable chemical alterations of the pyromorphite samples signifying only release of dissolved Pb to solution and no formation of secondary products during dissolution. C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, LRPCD,RCB, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 31 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2198 EP 2204 DI 10.1021/es015803g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AN UT WOS:000175653500013 PM 12038830 ER PT J AU Bolger, PT Szlag, DC AF Bolger, PT Szlag, DC TI Investigation into the rejuvenation of spend electroless nickel baths by electrodialysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Electroless nickel plating generates substantially more waste than other metal-finishing processes due to the inherent limited bath life and the need for regular bath disposal. Electrodialysis can be used to regenerate electroless nickel baths, but poor membrane permselectivity, leading to high losses of valuable bath components, continues to be a weakness of the technology, This research has investigated improving electrodialysis permselectivity for removing contaminants (sodium, orthophosphite, and sulfate) in a spent electroless nickel bath while minimizing the losses of valuable bath ions (nickel, hypophosphite, and organic acids). Ion permselectivity was explored with respect to electrodialysis operating conditions, membrane type, and cell configuration. Excellent permselectivity for sodium over nickel was attained irrespective of operating condition, membrane, or cell configuration. Studies on the effects of four different operating conditions (current density, pH, flow rate, and temperature) on anion permselectivity revealed bath pH and current density to be critical operating parameters. The type of anion exchange membrane used had a crucial effect on selectivity; one membrane (Ionac MA-3475) was identified as having superior selectivity for bath contaminants particularly for sulfate. The improvements in electrodialysis permselectivity established by this research will decrease waste generation within the electroless nickel process and increase resource productivity by minimizing the loss of valuable plating chemicals. C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bolger, PT (reprint author), Bord Na Mona Environm Ltd, Main St, Newbridge, Kildare, Ireland. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2273 EP 2278 DI 10.1021/es015610t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AN UT WOS:000175653500024 PM 12038841 ER PT J AU Isaacson, S AF Isaacson, S TI Come by here: My mother's life. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Isaacson, S (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 9 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 553WK UT WOS:000175699500181 ER PT J AU Baumgarten, G Knuefermann, P Kalra, D Gao, F Taffet, GE Michael, L Blackshear, PJ Carballo, E Sivasubramanian, N Mann, DL AF Baumgarten, G Knuefermann, P Kalra, D Gao, F Taffet, GE Michael, L Blackshear, PJ Carballo, E Sivasubramanian, N Mann, DL TI Load-dependent and -independent regulation of proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression in the adult mammalian heart SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE hypertrophy; gene expression; growth factors; cytokines; remodeling ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FELINE MYOCARDIUM; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; PATHWAY; FAILURE AB Background-Although previous studies have examined the effects of acute hemodynamic pressure overload on proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, the effects of sustained hemodynamic overloading have not been examined. Methods and Results-Sustained hemodynamic pressure overloading was produced in mice by transverse constriction of the aorta. Proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression were determined by ribonuclease protection assays (RPA) at 6 hours and at 3, 7, 14 and 35 days after banding. M-mode echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular structure and function at identical time points. RPA showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels were maximal at 6 hours and returned to baseline levels within 72 hours. There was a significant increase in IL-1RII and IL-6Ralpha receptor mRNA levels after overloading but no significant increase in TNFR1, TNFR2, IL-1RI, or gp130 mRNA levels. The transient increase in expression of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression was not explained by changes in left ventricular loading conditions, left ventricular wall stress, desensitization of proinflammatory genes, or decreased nuclear factor-kappabeta activation. It is interesting that transverse constriction of the aorta provoked an increase in the expression of tristetraprolin, a homeostatic zinc finger protein that is known to destabilize TNF mRNA. Conclusion-Sustained hemodynamic overloading provokes a transient increase in proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression; however, the decrease in proinflammatory cytokine gene expression occurred in the absence of changes in loading conditions, suggesting that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the heart is regulated, at least in part, by load-dependent and load-independent mechanisms. C1 Houston VAMC, Dept Med, Winters Ctr Heart Failure Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, DeBakey Heart Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mann, DL (reprint author), Houston VAMC, Dept Med, Winters Ctr Heart Failure Res, MS 524,6565 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Mann, Douglas /0000-0002-2516-0145 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-42250-10/10, P50 HL-O6H, R01 HL58081-01, R01 HL61543-01] NR 14 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 18 BP 2192 EP 2197 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000015608.37608.18 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 550KK UT WOS:000175502000014 PM 11994254 ER PT J AU Lorber, MN Barton, RG Winters, DL Bauer, KM Davis, M Palausky, J AF Lorber, MN Barton, RG Winters, DL Bauer, KM Davis, M Palausky, J TI Investigation of the potential release of polychlorinated dioxins and furans from PCP-treated utility poles SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dioxins; furans; pentachlorophenol AB The United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that the use of technical grade pentachlorophenol (PCP) between 1970 and 1995 to treat wood was approximately 400 000 metric tons in the US, and that between 4800 and 36 000 g of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) were incorporated annually in treated wood. The EPA has been unable, however, to estimate the rate of release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofarans (CDD/Fs) from treated utility poles into the environment. There is some evidence that CDD/Fs leach from treated poles into the surrounding soils, but these studies do not allow for the calculation of a rate of release from this mechanism. Another possible release mechanism is the volatilization of dioxins into the atmosphere, but there are no data to demonstrate, much less quantify, this release. While not directly measuring the release of dioxins from treated utility poles into the environment, this study was designed to examine the potential for such release. The general approach taken was to collect PCP-treated poles of varying ages, to remove and analyze multiple samples from each pole cross-section, and to compare the spatial distribution of CDD/F congeners among poles of different ages. Evidence of concentration-depth profile changes over time may provide insight into the potential for dioxins to migrate through and then out of PCP-treated utility poles. It was found that the CDD/F concentrations were consistently higher in the outer portions of the poles than the center. This trend tends to be most marked in older poles and for the lower chlorinated congeners. The trend for dioxins to concentrate in the outer portions of the pole over time suggest migration within the poles, and this migration may result in some environmental release. Other possible explanations were also offered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Lorber, MN (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 290 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 39 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01051-8 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01051-8 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 564KX UT WOS:000176314500002 PM 12083706 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, J Little, S Brown, K AF Rabinowitz, J Little, S Brown, K TI Why does 5-methylchrysene interact with DNA as both a planar and a nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon? Quantum mechanical studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 5-methylchrysene; computation of molecular planarity; interaction with DNA; formation of bay region tetrols ID 1,2-DIHYDRODIOL 3,4-EPOXIDE; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; REGION DISTORTIONS; ADDUCTS; CARCINOGENESIS; REACTIVITIES; EPOXIDES AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a large class of anthropogenic chemicals found in the environment, Some class members are potent animal carcinogens while other similar class members show little carcinogenic activity, When considering a series of in vitro studies of the interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bay region diol-epoxides with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), it was found that molecules with a crowded bay region behaved differently than molecules with a more open bay region. Molecules with a crowded bay region are nonplanar while in general polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are planar molecules. This dichotomy between planar and nonplanar subclasses proved useful, but when the experimental data was considered, 5-methylchrysene did not fit well into either class. In this study quantum mechanical calculations are reported that show 5-methyl chrysene and its diol-epoxides are nonplanar molecules, but the energy required to force them to be planar is considerably smaller than for most other nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The relationship to the experimental results that indicated 5-methylchrysene may behave like both a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in some experiments and a nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in others is discussed. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Toxicol Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Rabinowitz, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD MAY 5 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1002/qua.10115 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 543GR UT WOS:000175093500010 ER PT J AU Hickman-Davis, JM O'Reilly, P Davis, IC Peti-Peterdi, J Davis, G Young, KR Devlin, RB Matalon, S AF Hickman-Davis, JM O'Reilly, P Davis, IC Peti-Peterdi, J Davis, G Young, KR Devlin, RB Matalon, S TI Killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; collectins; peroxynitrite; lung transplant; phagolysosome ID SURFACTANT PROTEIN-A; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; LUNG-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEFICIENT MICE; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VITRO AB We investigated putative mechanisms by which human surfactant protein A (SP-A) effects killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from bronchoalveolar lavagates of patients with transplanted lungs. Coincubation of AMs with human SP-A (25 mug/ml) and Klebsiella resulted in a 68% decrease in total colony forming units by 120 min compared with AMs infected with Klebsiella in the absence of SP-A, and this SP-A-mediated effect was abolished by preincubation with N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine. Incubation of transplant AMs with SP-A increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) by 70% and nitrite and nitrate (NOx) production by 45% (from 0.24 +/- 0.02 to 1.3 +/- 0.21 nmol.10(6) AMs(-1) . h(-1)). Preincubation with 1,2- bis( 2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester inhibited the increase in [Ca2+](i) and abrogated the SP-A-mediated Klebsiella phagocytosis and killing. In contrast, incubation of AMs from normal volunteers with SP-A decreased both [Ca2+](i) and NOx production and did not result in killing of Klebsiella. Significant killing of Klebsiella was also seen in a cell-free system by sustained production of peroxynitrite (>1 muM/min) at pH 5 but not at pH 7.4. These findings indicate that SP-A mediates pathogen killing by AMs from transplant lungs by stimulating phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen-nitrogen intermediates. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Nephrol Res Training Ctr, Dept Genom & Pathobiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Matalon, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 619 S 19th St,THT 940, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00149]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-31197, HL-51173] NR 59 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 282 IS 5 BP L944 EP L956 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00216.2001 PG 13 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 539YF UT WOS:000174900100010 PM 11943658 ER PT J AU Wang, XC Ghio, AJ Yang, FM Dolan, KG Garrick, MD Piantadosi, CA AF Wang, XC Ghio, AJ Yang, FM Dolan, KG Garrick, MD Piantadosi, CA TI Iron uptake and Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 in human bronchial epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane transporters; metals; lung ID TRANSFERRIN-BOUND IRON; GENE-EXPRESSION; NRAMP1 GENE; RAT-LIVER; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE; LOCALIZATION; MACROPHAGES; CLEARANCE; CANDIDATE AB The capacity of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-2 [Nramp2; also called divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and divalent cation transporter-1 (DCT1)] to transport iron and its ubiquitous expression make it a likely candidate for transferrin-independent uptake of iron in peripheral tissues. We tested the hypothesis that non-transferrin-bound iron uptake by airway epithelial cells is associated with Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 and that exposure to iron can increase Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 mRNA and protein expression and transport of this metal. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) resulted in a decrease in Fe3+ concentration in the supernatant that was dependent on time and initial iron concentration. In the presence of internalized calcein, FAC quenched the fluorescent signal, indicating intracellular transport of the metal. The Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 mRNA isoform without an iron-response element (IRE) increased with exposure of BEAS-2B cells to FAC. RT-PCR demonstrated no change in the mRNA for the isoform with an IRE. Similarly, Western blot analysis for the isoform without an IRE confirmed an increased expression of this protein after FAC exposure, whereas the isoform with an IRE exhibited no change. Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in the isoform without an IRE in the rat lung epithelium after instillation of FAC. Comparable to mRNA and protein increases, iron transport was elevated after pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with iron-containing compounds. We conclude that airway epithelial cells increase mRNA and expression of the Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 without an IRE after exposure to iron. The increase results in an elevated transport of iron and its probable detoxification by these cells. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 35 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 282 IS 5 BP L987 EP L995 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00253.2001 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 539YF UT WOS:000174900100015 PM 11943663 ER PT J AU Wu, WD Jaspers, I Zhang, WL Graves, LM Samet, JM AF Wu, WD Jaspers, I Zhang, WL Graves, LM Samet, JM TI Role of Ras in metal-induced EGF receptor signaling and NF-kappa B activation in human airway epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE G proteins; epidermal growth factor receptor; nuclear factor-kappa B; mitogen-activated protein kinases; air pollution ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE; IKK-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB We showed previously that epithelial growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling is triggered by metallic compounds associated with ambient air particles. Specifically, we demonstrated that As, Zn, and V activated the EGFR tyrosine kinase and the downstream kinases MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. In this study, we examined the role of Ras in EGFR signaling and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation pathway and the possible interaction between these two signaling pathways in a human airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) exposed to As, V, or Zn ions. Each metal significantly increased Ras activity, and this effect was inhibited by the EGFR tyrosine kinase activity inhibitor PD-153035. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant form of Ras(N17) significantly blocked MEK1/2 or ERK1/2 phosphorylation in As-, Zn-, or V-exposed BEAS-2B cells but caused little inhibition of V-, Zn- or EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. This confirmed Ras as an important intermediate effector in EGFR signaling. Interestingly, V, but not As, Zn, or EGF, induced IkappaBalpha serine phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha breakdown, and NF-kappaB DNA binding. Moreover, PD-153035 and overexpression of Ras( N17) each significantly blocked V- induced IkappaBalpha breakdown and NF-kappaB activation, while inhibition of MEK activity with PD-98059 failed to do so. In summary, exposure to As, Zn, and V initiated EGFR signaling and Ras-dependent activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, but only V induced Ras-dependent NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. EGFR signaling appears to cross talk with NF-kappaB signaling at the level of Ras, but additional signals appear necessary for NF-kappaB activation. Together, these data suggest that, in V-treated BEAS-2B cells, Ras-dependent signaling is essential, but not sufficient, for activation of NF-kappaB. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 80 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 282 IS 5 BP L1040 EP L1048 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00390.2001 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 539YF UT WOS:000174900100021 PM 11943669 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET Magnuson, ML AF Urbansky, ET Magnuson, ML TI Analyzing drinking water for disinfection byproducts SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; BY-PRODUCTS; HALOACETIC ACIDS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; POTABLE WATER; HUMIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; CHLORINATION; BROMATE; MICROEXTRACTION C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Treatment Tech, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Urbansky, ET (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Treatment Tech, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 9 BP 260A EP 267A DI 10.1021/ac022009k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547XU UT WOS:000175358800020 PM 12033338 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Kim, HJ AF Mottaleb, MA Kim, HJ TI Enhanced desolvation and improved deposition efficiency by modified thermospray for the coupling of HPLC and FT-IR SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; INTERFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS AB A thermospray interface was modified for the on-line coupling of normal- and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. An LC/FTIR assembly was used to evaporate the column effluents and the solutes were deposited as a series of individual spots on a stainless-steel moving belt, which continuously transferred the solutes into a diffuse reflectance accessory of FTIR, enabling the identification of deposited solutes by measuring the IR spectrum. A lowered desolvation temperature of reversed-phase HPLC eluents, a higher deposition efficiency, such as 69%, and a reduction of the thermospray capillary voltage were achieved by using a heated gas flow and a heating plate. The thermospray temperature and the distance between the tip of the thermospray tubing and the surface of the belt were shown to influence the area of deposition of spots. A variation of 1 C could be used for a sensitive and reproducible deposition of Irganox 565 with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.8 to 2.5%. The UV and FTIR chromatograms gave similar features for the HPLC-separated constituents. The interface-derived IR spectra of the constituents showed excellent agreement of the spectral features with those of the standard FTIR spectra, and no thermal degradation was found to occur. C1 Dongduk Womens Univ, Dept Pharm, Seoul 136714, South Korea. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.2116/analsci.18.579 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 552WL UT WOS:000175643000014 PM 12036129 ER PT J AU Frost, RJ Muller, T Craun, GF Lockwood, WB Calderon, RL AF Frost, RJ Muller, T Craun, GF Lockwood, WB Calderon, RL TI Serological evidence of endemic waterborne Cryptosporidium infections SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MeSH; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; seroepidemiologic studies; water microbiology ID COAST-GUARD CUTTER; ANTIBODY; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: Cryptosporidium oocysts are commonly detected in surface-derived drinking water, however, the public health significance of these findings is unclear. This study compared the evidence of prior Cryptosporidium infection for people drinking water derived from surface versus ground water sources. METHODS: This study measured serotogical responses to two Cryptosporidium antigen groups for blood donors from two midwestern United States cities with different drinking water sources: filtered and chlorinated river water receiving agricultural and domestic sewage upstream versus chlorinated water from an underground aquifer. Initial and nine-month paired serological responses to two Cryptosporidium antigen groups were compared. RESULTS: Initially, donors from the surface water city had a higher relative prevalence (RP) of a serological response (54% vs 38%, RP = 1.39 (1.21,1.60)). Donors with a detectable baseline response who resided in the surface water city had a higher relative risk (RR) of an increased intensity of response on the follow-up blood draw (15/17-kDa, 40/100 vs 11/100, RR = 3.78 (1.89,7.53)), (27-kDa 38/100 vs 18/100, RR = 2.07 (1.31,3.25)). Donors with no baseline response to the 15/17-kDa marker who resided in the surface water city also had a higher risk of serconversion (38/100 vs 14/100, RR = 2.63 (1.78,3.91)). CONCLUSIONS: These rates of both background and drinking water related Cryptosporidium infections are substantially higher than previously estimated, however, the risk of illness from infection may be lower. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lovelace Clin Fdn, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Amer Natl Red Cross, Biomed Serv, Washington, DC USA. Gunther F Craun & Associates, Staunton, VA USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Frost, RJ (reprint author), Lovelace Clin Fdn, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM ffrost@llri.org NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 EI 1873-2585 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 222 EP 227 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00313-1 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 543XY UT WOS:000175129300002 ER PT J AU Boese, BL AF Boese, BL TI Effects of recreational clam harvesting on eelgrass (Zostera marina) and associated infaunal invertebrates: in situ manipulative experiments SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Zostera marina; sediment; disturbance; clamming AB The effect of recreational clam harvesting on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) was experimentally tested by raking or digging for clams in experimental I m 2 plots located in a Yaquina Bay (Newport, OR) eelgrass meadow. After three monthly treatments, eelgrass measures of biomass, primary production (leaf elongation), and percent cover were compared between experimental and control (undisturbed) plots. Benthic rnacro (retained on 0.5 mm mesh sieve) and mega (retained on 3 mm sieve) infaunal samples were also taken to compare species number and abundances. Results indicated that clam raking did not appreciably impact any measured parameter. In contrast. clam digging reduced eelgrass cover, above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass in measurements made I month after the last of three monthly treatments. Although differences between control and treatment plots persisted 10 months after the last clam digging treatment. these differences were not statistically significant. Approximately 10% of the eelgrass of Yaquina Bay is subjected to recreational clamming and as this activity is generally less intense than that employed in this study, it is unlikely that recreational clamming has a major impact on eelgrass beds in the Yaquina estuary. This conclusion should be viewed with caution as multi-year disturbances were not investigated and there are differences in sediment characteristics and clam abundances between experimental sites and those sites that are intensively harvested by the public. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM boese.bruce@epamail.epa.gov NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 AR PII S0304-3770(02)00004-9 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(02)00004-9 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 543XD UT WOS:000175126900006 ER PT J AU Bullock, OR Brehme, KA AF Bullock, OR Brehme, KA TI Atmospheric mercury simulation using the CMAQ model: formulation description and analysis of wet deposition results SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; numerical modeling; mercury chemistry; mercury deposition; evaluation ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; PARTICULATE MATTER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATION; SPECIATION; CHLORINE AB The community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system has been adapted to simulate the emission, transport, transformation and deposition of atmospheric mercury (Hg) in three distinct forms: elemental Hg gas, reactive gaseous Hg, and particulate Hg. Emissions of Hg are currently defined from information published in the Environmental Protection Agency's Mercury Study Report to Congress. The atmospheric transport of these three forms of Hg is simulated in the same manner as for all other substances simulated by the CMAQ model to date, Transformations of Hg are simulated with four new chemical reactions within the standard CMAQ gaseous chemistry framework and a highly modified cloud chemistry mechanism which includes a compound-specific speciation for oxidized forms of Hg, seven new aqueous-phase Hg reactions, six aqueous Hg chemical equilibria, and a two-way mechanism for the sorption of dissolved oxidized Hg to elemental carbon particles. The CMAQ Hg model simulates the partitioning of reactive gaseous Hg between air and cloud water based on the Henry's constant for mercuric chloride. Henry's equilibrium is assumed for elemental Hg also. Particulate Hg is assumed to be incorporated into the aqueous medium during cloud nucleation. Wet and dry deposition is simulated for each of the three forms of Hg. Wet deposition rate is calculated based on precipitation information from the CMAQ meteorological processor and the physicochemical Hg speciation in the cloud chemistry mechanism. Dry deposition rate is calculated based on dry deposition velocity and air concentration information for each of the three forms of Hg. The horizontal modeling domain covers the central and eastern United States and adjacent southern Canada. An analysis of simulated Hg wet deposition versus weekly observations is performed. The results are described for two evaluation periods: 4 April-2 May 1995, and 20 June-18 July 1995. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, NERL, AMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. DynTel, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, AMD, Mail Drop D243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov NR 43 TC 112 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2135 EP 2146 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00220-0 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00220-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564GM UT WOS:000176306700005 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, AB Pleil, JD AF Lindstrom, AB Pleil, JD TI A review of the USEPA's single breath canister (SBC) method for exhaled volatile organic biomarkers SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Review ID INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS; BUTYL-ETHER MTBE; JP-8 JET FUEL; MEDIATED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; EXPOSURE; ETHANE; MARKER; AIR; CHLOROFORM AB Exhaled alveolar breath can provide a great deal of information about an individual's health and previous exposure to potentially harmful xenobiotic materials. Because breath can be obtained non-invasively and its constituents directly reflect concentrations in the blood, its use has many potential applications in the field of biomarker research. This paper reviews the utility and application of the single breath canister (SBC) method of alveolar breath collection and analysis first developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in the 1990s. This review covers the development of the SBC technique in the laboratory and its application in a range of field studies. Together these studies specifically show how the SBC method (and exhaled breath analysis in general) can be used to clearly demonstrate recent exposure to volatile organic compounds, to link particular activities to specific exposures, to determine compound-specific uptake and elimination kinetics, and to assess the relative importance of various routes of exposure (i.e. dermal, ingestion, inhalation) in multipathway scenarios. Specific investigations covered in this overview include an assessment of exposures related to the residential use of contaminated groundwater, exposures to gasoline and fuel additives at self-service gas stations, swimmers' exposures to trihalomethanes, and occupational exposures to jet fuel. C1 US EPA, Exposure Methods & Monitoring Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Exposure Methods & Monitoring Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-44, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 189 EP 208 DI 10.1080/13547500110119750 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 559XH UT WOS:000176051100001 PM 12141064 ER PT J AU Wcislo, E Ioven, D Kucharski, R Szdzuj, J AF Wcislo, E Ioven, D Kucharski, R Szdzuj, J TI Human health risk assessment case study: an abandoned metal smelter site in Poland SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE human health risk assessment; risk-based concentrations; heavy metals; brownfields; eedevelopment abandoned industrial site AB United States Environmental Protection Agency methodologies for human health risk assessment (HRA) were applied in a Brownfields Demonstration Project on the Warynski smelter site (WSS), an abandoned industrial site at Piekary Slaskie town, Upper Silesia, Poland. The HRA included the baseline risk assessment (BRA) and the development of risk-based preliminary remedial goals (RBPRGs). The HRA focused on surface area covered with waste materials, which were evaluated with regard to the potential risks they may pose to humans. Cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc were proposed as the contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) at WSS based on archive data on chemical composition of waste located on WSS. For the defined future land use patterns. the industrial (I) and recreational (II) exposure scenarios were assumed and evaluated. The combined hazard index for all COPCs was 3.1E+00 for Scenario I and 3.2E+00 for Scenario II. Regarding potential carcinogenic risks associated with the inhalation route, only cadmium was a contributor, with risks of 1.6E-06 and 2.6E-07 for Scenario I and Scenario II, respectively. The results of the BRA indicated that the potential health risks at WSS were mainly associated with waste material exposure to cadmium (industrial and recreational scenarios) and lead (industrial scenario). RBPRGs calculated under the industrial scenario were 1.17E+03 and 1.62E+03 mg/kg for cadmium and lead, respectively. The RBPRG for cadmium was 1.18E+03 mg/kg under the recreational scenario. The BRA results, as well as RBCs, are comparable for both scenarios, so it is impossible to prioritize land use patterns for WSS based on these results. For choosing a future land use pattern or an appropriate redevelopment option, different factors would be decisive in the decision-making process, e.g., social, market needs, technical feasibility and costs of redevelopment actions or acceptance of local community. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecol Ind Areas, PL-40833 Katowice, Poland. US EPA, Hazardous Site Cleanup Div, Reg 3, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Wcislo, E (reprint author), Inst Ecol Ind Areas, 6 Kossutha St, PL-40833 Katowice, Poland. NR 15 TC 54 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 507 EP 515 AR PII S0045-6535(01)00301-0 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00301-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547NW UT WOS:000175339500005 PM 11996126 ER PT J AU Grasso, D Riley, D AF Grasso, D Riley, D TI All polluters must pay SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smith Coll, Picker Engn Program, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. US EPA, Environm Engn Comm, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grasso, D (reprint author), Smith Coll, Picker Engn Program, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RI Grasso, Domenico/D-9314-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 131 EP 131 DI 10.1089/109287502760079142 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563KP UT WOS:000176255100001 ER PT J AU Davis, AD Long, AJ Wireman, M AF Davis, AD Long, AJ Wireman, M TI KARSTIC: a sensitivity method for carbonate aquifers in karst terrain SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE karst; aquifer sensitivity; carbonate aquifers; environmental protection AB Groundwater in karstic aquifers can be dangerously sensitive to contamination. Many cities in the western USA rely on karstic carbonate aquifers for municipal water supplies. For example, Rapid City, South Dakota, pumps more than half of its drinking water from wells in the Madison Limestone. This work examined the sensitivity of karstic aquifers to surface contamination in mountainous terrain. Where karstic carbonate aquifers are exposed at their outcrop areas, they are particularly susceptible to the introduction of contamination through diffuse recharge or through point recharge at swallow holes along streams. Residential developments in mountainous regions of the western USA are encroaching on the recharge areas of karstic aquifers. Many of these residential developments are served by onsite wastewater disposal systems such as septic tanks and drain fields, with the attendant danger of introduction of pathogens from malfunctioning treatment systems above fractured limestone which offers little filtering. Where streams disappear into karstic aquifers at swallow holes, microbial contaminants such as Giardia or Cryptosporidium are a concern, as well as potential spills, leaks, or accidents along roads near these streams. The KARSTIC method developed and modified in this work puts greater emphasis on karst features than previous sensitivity procedures such as the US Environmental Protection Agency's DRASTIC method. The modified method gives increased attention to highly sensitive areas of karstic carbonate aquifers by weighting the synergistic effects of fracturing, karst development, and swallow holes of recharging streams. In a field application, hydrogeologic maps of a watershed in the Black Hills, USA, were digitized into a geographic information system. The resulting sensitivity map and report can be used by planners, managers, and the public as a screening tool for assessing groundwater sensitivity in regions which include karstic aquifers. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Davis, AD (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0531-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 559RG UT WOS:000176038700009 ER PT J AU Macauley, JM Summers, JK Engle, VD Harwell, LC AF Macauley, JM Summers, JK Engle, VD Harwell, LC TI The ecological condition of South Florida estuaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological condition; environmental assessment; South Florida ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER AB An assessment of the ecological condition of south Florida estuaries based on regional probabilistic monitoring was conducted during the summer of 1995. Samples and data were collected on water and sediment quality, benthos, and fish tissue contaminants. Elevated concentrations of metals and pesticides were measured in both sediments and fish tissue with some exceedances of guidance values. Bottom dissolved oxygen levels over 23-37% of the area were below state criteria. Eighty-eight percent of surface waters had greater than 10% penetration of ambient light to a depth of 1.0 m. Nine percent of the area studied in South Florida exhibited degraded biology and impaired use based on a calculated index of ecological condition. Using the probability-based monitoring design, useful information of this type can be provided to resource managers regarding estuarine condition on a regional scale. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Macauley, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1023/A:1014800217354 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535BL UT WOS:000174625200004 PM 12004979 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Simmons, JE Rice, G AF Richardson, SD Simmons, JE Rice, G TI Disinfection byproducts: The next generation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; CHLORINATED DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; BIRTH OUTCOMES; F344 RATS; EXPOSURE; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; DEFECTS C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 59 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 198A EP 205A DI 10.1021/es022308r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547BE UT WOS:000175311900004 PM 12026983 ER PT J AU McConnell, R Berhane, K Gilliland, F Islam, T Gauderman, WJ London, SJ Avol, E Rappaport, EB Margolis, HG Peters, JM AF McConnell, R Berhane, K Gilliland, F Islam, T Gauderman, WJ London, SJ Avol, E Rappaport, EB Margolis, HG Peters, JM TI Indoor risk factors for asthma in a prospective study of adolescents SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; etiology; indoor allergen; pets; dog; humidity ID HOUSE-DUST MITE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; NATURAL-HISTORY; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; EARLY EXPOSURE; CAT ALLERGEN; ADULT LIFE; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; HOME AB Background. The risk of asthma associated with pets and other indoor exposures has been examined in both cross-sectional and prospective studies of younger children. However, there has been little investigation of the effect of the indoor environment on incident asthma in adolescents. Methods. Risk factors for the development of asthma were examined in a cohort of 3535 Southern California school children with no history of asthma at 1993 entry into the study, who were followed for up to 5 years. Newly diagnosed cases of asthma were identified by yearly interview report, A total of 265 children reported a new diagnosis of asthma during the follow-up period; 163 of these had reported no history of wheeze at baseline. The risk associated with indoor exposures assessed by questionnaire at entry into the study was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results. In children with no history of wheezing, an increased risk of developing asthma was associated with a humidifier (relative risk [RR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-2.4), any pet (RR = 1.6; 95% Cl = 1.0-2.5), or specifically a dog (RR = 1.4; 95% Cl = 1.0-2.0) in the home. An estimated 32% of new asthma cases could be attributed to pets. Conclusions. We conclude that furry pets are a common and potentially remediable risk factor for new onset asthma in adolescents. Our results suggest that a humidifier in the home may contribute to the onset of asthma in this age group. C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. RP McConnell, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 1540 Alcazar St,Suite 236, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01HL61768]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1P01ESO939581-01, 5P30ES07048-05] NR 52 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205000-00009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544QF UT WOS:000175170900008 PM 11964930 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Brooks, JR AF Ford, CR Brooks, JR TI Detecting forest stress and decline in response to increasing river flow in southwest Florida, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; Florida; pine flatwoods; forested wetlands; Pinus elliottii var.densa; Fraxinus caroliniana; land-use change; mortality; forest decline; hydrology ID TREE-RINGS; RECONSTRUCTION; STREAMFLOW AB Forest stress and decline resulting from increased river levels were investigated in Myakka River State Park (MRSP). FL. USA. Since 1977, land-use changes around the upper Myakka River watershed have resulted in significant increases in water entering the river, which have caused extensive mortality in the upper watershed. The present study assessed whether similar forest stress and mortality was occurring downstream within the park. Our objectives were to (1) determine if tree die-off and/or stress resulting from increased river levels were present in MRSP and (2) determine the relationship between historical and present river levels regimes and growth of actively managed forested stands undergoing restoration located both above and below a dam. We used two methodological approaches. The first was recording indications of tree stress and decline (crown dieback. crown thinning, trunk rot, foliage discoloration, and parasitism) in Fraxinus caroliniana Miller dominated forested wetlands, Pinus elliottli Englem. var. densa Little & Dorman dominated mesic pine flatwoods. and Quercus laurifolia Michaux dominated oak palm hammocks. Our second approach was tree-ring analyses. which allows for more detailed analyses of growth in response to precipitation and river flow (a surrogate variable for water table depth) in the pine flatwoods stands. Our results indicate significant stress and decline in some forested wetlands upstream of the dam, significant mortality in wet-mesic pine flatwoods sites close to the river, and significant amounts of stress in wet-mesic pine flatwoods sites upstream of the dam. F caroliniana sites located upstream of the dam had more individuals with symptoms of stress than those downstream of the dam (67% versus 43%, P = 0.031). In Q. laurifolia sites, 70-85% of the trees had evidence of flooding stress and mortality, which is comparable to distributions found in severely disturbed forest in the upper watershed. P. elliottii var. densa sites located < 1000 in from the river had higher mortality than sites located > 1050 m from the river (P < 0.01), and the stressed trees in sites upstream of the dam had significantly lower growth rates in the 1990s versus the 1960s than those downstream. Although, the onset of stress and decline coincided with increasing river levels, we found that river levels were positively correlated with tree growth, both before and after flow increases in the system. Increasing river levels may play an indirect role through increased competition in the stress and decline in wet-mesic pine flatwoods, however. increased river levels seems to be the direct cause for stress and decline found in forested wetland stands. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 160 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 64 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00440-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00440-6 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548DZ UT WOS:000175374500006 ER PT J AU Hester, JD Bobst, EV Kryak, DD Bobst, AM AF Hester, JD Bobst, EV Kryak, DD Bobst, AM TI Identification of a single genome by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with nitroxide-labeled oligonucleotide probes SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nitroxide Radicals CY SEP 23-29, 2001 CL KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY DE nitroxide dynamics; oligonucleotides; electron paramagnetic resonance; genome ID ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM; DNA; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; DYNAMICS; SPORES AB Nitroxide-labeled nucleic acids are used as a molecular size sensor to identify as few as one genome under polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. DNA identification is based on differences in the EPR spectra of mononitroxide-labeled nucleic acids. The experimental data imply that rapid DNA identification can be achieved in many systems by EPR at the molecular level. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bobst, AM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1080/10715760290025870 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 553KP UT WOS:000175674600001 PM 12150537 ER PT J AU Ananthakrishna, S Henderson, C AF Ananthakrishna, S Henderson, C TI Cost-effective emissions reductions through leak detection, repair - Study discovers a potential for at least $205,000 in annual savings SO HYDROCARBON PROCESSING LA English DT Article C1 Dynegy Midstream Serv LP, Houston, TX USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ananthakrishna, S (reprint author), Dynegy Midstream Serv LP, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GULF PUBL CO PI HOUSTON PA BOX 2608, HOUSTON, TX 77252-2608 USA SN 0018-8190 J9 HYDROCARB PROCESS JI Hydrocarb. Process. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 81 IS 5 BP 52A EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 550HT UT WOS:000175498100024 ER PT J AU George, MH Olson, GR Doerfler, D Moore, T Kilburn, S DeAngelo, AB AF George, MH Olson, GR Doerfler, D Moore, T Kilburn, S DeAngelo, AB TI Carcinogenicity of bromodichloromethane administered in drinking water to male F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromodichloromethane; byproduct; carcinogenicity; chlorine; disinfection; water ID CORN-OIL; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ACUTE TOXICITY; BY-PRODUCTS; AD-LIBITUM; CHLOROFORM; TRIHALOMETHANES; INDUCTION; GAVAGE; VEHICLE AB A life-time exposure study was conducted to assess the carcinogenicity of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) administered in the drinking water to male F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice. In mouse, the calculated mean daily BDCM concentrations (measured concentrations corrected for on-cage loss of chemical) were 0.06, 0.28 and 0.49 g/l. Time-weighted water consumption of 135, 97, and 89 ml/kg/day resulted in mean daily doses of 8.1, 27.2, and 43.4 mg BDCM/kg/day. No changes in feed consumption, final body weight, or survival were observed. Kidney weights were significantly depressed at 27.2 and 43.4 mg BDCM/kg/day. There was no increase in neoplasia in the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, bladder, sections along the alimentary tract, excised lesions, or at any other organ site. In rat, the corrected mean daily BDCM concentrations were 0.06, 0.33, and 0.62 g/l. Time-weighted water consumption of 65, 63, and 59 ml/kg/day yielded 3.9, 20.6 and 36.3 mg BDCM/kg/ day. No alterations in feed consumption, body weight gain, and survival were seen. Kidney weight was significantly depressed in the 36.3-mg/kg/day treatment group. There was a significantly enhanced prevalence and multiplicity of hepatocellular adenomas at 3.9 mg BDCM/kg/ day (15.5% and 0.16/animal vs. 2.2% and 0.02/animal for the control). Hepatocellular carcinomas increased from 2.2% and 0.02/animal for the control and 3.9 mg BDCM/kg/day to 8.3% and 0.10/animal at 20.6 mg BDCM/kg/day. The combined neoplasms were enhanced at 3.9 and 20.6 mg BDCM/kg/day. Liver neoplasia was depressed to the control value at 36.3 mg BDCM/kg. The prevalence of basophilic and clear cell, but not eosinophilic cells, altered foci of cells declined with increasing dose. BDCM did not increase cancer in the large bowel, renal tubules, or in any of the other tissues examined. Renal tubular hyperplasia was observed at 36.3 mg BDCM/kg (15.8% vs. 8.7% for the control group). Under the conditions of the study, BDCM in the drinking water was not carcinogenic in the male B6C3F(1) mouse, but was carcinogenic in the male F344/N rat based on an increased hepatocellular neoplasia. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Jefferson, AR USA. RP DeAngelo, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1080/10915810290096351 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 559WP UT WOS:000176049200008 PM 12055023 ER PT J AU Geller, AM Perez, L Sutton, LD Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Peiffer, RL AF Geller, AM Perez, L Sutton, LD Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Peiffer, RL TI Functional and morphological retinal effects of the organophosphorous pesticide chlorpyrifos in rats SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 2721 BP U635 EP U635 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606602653 ER PT J AU Cash, G Klavzar, S Petkovsek, M AF Cash, G Klavzar, S Petkovsek, M TI Three methods for calculation of the hyper-Wiener index of molecular graphs SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BENZENOID HYDROCARBONS; SYSTEMS; DEFINITION; ALGORITHM; PROPERTY; NUMBERS; MATRIX AB The hyper-Wiener index WW of a graph G is defined as WW(G) = (Sigmad (u,v)(2) + Sigmad (u, v))/2, where d (u, v) denotes the distance between the vertices a and v in the graph G and the summations run over all (unordered) pairs of vertices of G. We consider three different methods for calculating the hyper-Wiener index of molecular graphs: the cut method, the method of Hosoya polynomials, and the interpolation method. Along the way we obtain new closed-form expressions for the WW of linear phenylenes, cyclic phenylenes, poly(azulenes), and several families of periodic hexagonal chains. We also verify some previously known (but not mathematically proved) formulas. C1 Univ Maribor, Dept Math, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div 7403, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Math, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Klavzar, S (reprint author), Univ Maribor, Dept Math, Koroska Cesta 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. RI Petkovsek, Marko/B-1335-2015 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1021/ci0100999 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 557QV UT WOS:000175920000016 PM 12086516 ER PT J AU Griffiths, RA AF Griffiths, RA TI Experiments with a resin-in-pulp process for treating lead-contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE lead; soil pollution; abatement and removal; ion exchanges; resins AB This paper presents the results of experiments to evaluate the potential for using a resin-in-pulp process to remove lead contamination from soil. These experiments examined the kinetics and equilibrium partitioning of lead, lead carbonate, lead oxide, and lead sulfate in resin-soil-acetate buffer systems. The results show the trade-offs to be made among the amount of resin used, the number of contacting stages that may be needed to meet a target final soil concentration, the contact time, the solution pH, and the solution acetate concentration. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Griffiths, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2002 VL 128 IS 5 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:5(416) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 545JY UT WOS:000175214900005 ER PT J AU Paul, JF Comeleo, RL Copeland, J AF Paul, JF Comeleo, RL Copeland, J TI Landscape metrics and estuarine sediment contamination in the mid-Atlantic and southern New England regions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE-BAY; LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; STREAMS; INFORMATION; VARIABILITY; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS; PROGRAM; FISH AB In a previously published study, quantitative relationships were developed between landscape metrics and sediment contamination for 25 small estuarine systems within Chesapeake Bay. These analyses have been extended to include 75 small estuarine systems across the mid-Atlantic and southern New England regions of the USA. Because of the different characteristics and dynamics of the estuaries across these regions, adjustment for differing hydrology, sediment characteristics, and sediment origins were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression with stepwise selection was used to develop statistical models for sediment metals, organics, and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The landscape metrics important for explaining the variation in sediment metals levels (R-2 = 0.72) were the percent area of nonforested wetlands (negative contribution), percent area of urban land, and point source effluent volume and metals input (positive contributions). The metrics important for sediment organics levels (R-2 = 0.5) and total PAHs (R-2 = 0.46) were percent area of urban land (positive contribution) and percent area of nonforested wetlands (negative contribution). These models included silt-clay content (metals) or total organic C (organics, total PAHs) of sediments and grouping by estuarine hydrology, suggesting the importance of sediment characteristics and hydrology in mitigating the influence of the landscape metrics on sediment contamination levels. The overall results from this study are indicative of how statistical models can he developed relating landscape metrics to estuarine sediment contamination for distributions of land cover and point source discharges. C1 US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Indus Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Paul, JF (reprint author), US EPA, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 836 EP 845 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550TL UT WOS:000175519300016 PM 12026087 ER PT J AU Prah, JD Blount, B Cardinali, FL Ashley, DL Leavens, T Case, MW AF Prah, JD Blount, B Cardinali, FL Ashley, DL Leavens, T Case, MW TI The development and testing of a dermal exposure system for pharmacokinetic studies of administered and ambient water contaminants SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE dermal exposure; dermal pharmacokinetics; methods; methyl tertiary butyl ether; disinfection byproducts; human water exposures; toxicology ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BY-PRODUCTS; HUMAN BLOOD AB Introduction: In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of water-borne chemicals while eliminating exposures by other routes, a dermal exposure system was developed to expose the hand and forearm of human subjects. Methods: The goal was, primarily, to study the dermal pharmacokinetics of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a water contaminant, and, secondarily, the ambient disinfection byproducts (DBPs). MTBE is used as a fuel oxygenate and DBPs result from chlorination of drinking water. The DBPs measured in the water and blood of the subjects were chloroform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane. The dermal exposure system was constructed of inert and impervious materials. The interface between the glass and Teflon exposure tank and the subject was custom-made of clear Tedlar (polyvinylfluoride) so that the depth of the arm in the media could be monitored. Results: Sampling of the water concentration of the test chemical, MTBE, demonstrated stability over the duration of the exposure. A temperature loss of about 1.5 degreesC occurred over the course of the 1-h exposure. Blood concentrations taken from 14 human subjects before, during, and after the 1-h exposure demonstrated that measurable MTBE and DBPs were absorbed. Discussion: This system has the advantages of maintaining contaminant concentration and exposing an anatomically distinct body region, and the convenience of blood sampling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Prah, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD 58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM prah.james@epa.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1056-8719 J9 J PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S1056-8719(03)00004-2 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 658CC UT WOS:000181703200008 PM 12628310 ER PT J AU Carlton, AG Teitz, A AF Carlton, AG Teitz, A TI Design of a cost-effective weighing facility for PM2.5 quality assurance SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Quality Assurance (QA) Guidance Document 2.12: Monitoring PM2.5 in Ambient Air Using Designated Reference or Class I Equivalent Methods' (Document 2.12) requires conditioning of PM2.5 filters at 20-23 degreesC and 30-40% relative humidity (RH) for 24 hr prior to gravimetric analysis. Variability of temperature and humidity may not exceed +/-2 degreesC and +/-5% RH during the conditioning period. The quality assurance team at EPA Region 2's regional laboratory designed a PM2.5 weighing facility that operates well within these strict performance requirements. The traditional approach to meeting the performance requirements of Document 2.12 for PM2.5 filter analysis is to build a walk-in room, with costs typically exceeding $100,000. The initial one-time capital cost for the laboratory at EPA's Edison, NJ, facility was approximately $24,000. Annual costs [e.g., National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recertifications and nitrogen replacement cylinders used for humidity control] are approximately $500. The average 24-hr variabilities in temperature and RH in the Region 2 weighing chamber are small, +/-0.2 degreesC and +/-0.8% RH, respectively. The mass detection limit for the PM2.5 weighing system of 47-mm stretched Teflon (lab blank) filters is 6.3 mug. This facility demonstrates an effective and economical example for states and other organizations planning PM2.5 weighing facilities. C1 US EPA, Monitoring & Assessement Branch, Div Environm Sci & Assessment, Edison, NJ USA. RP Carlton, AG (reprint author), US EPA, Monitoring & Assessement Branch, Div Environm Sci & Assessment, Edison, NJ USA. RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 52 IS 5 BP 506 EP 510 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548XY UT WOS:000175416200001 PM 12022690 ER PT J AU McClenny, WA Williams, EJ Cohen, RC Stutz, J AF McClenny, WA Williams, EJ Cohen, RC Stutz, J TI Preparing to measure the effects of the NOxSIP call-methods for ambient air monitoring of NO, NO2, NO gamma, and individual NOZ species SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERIC NITRIC-ACID; CONTINUOUS AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; CATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNIQUE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; EFFLUENT DIFFUSION DENUDER; PARTS-PER-TRILLION; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE AB The capping of stationary source emissions of NO, in 22 states and the District of Columbia is federally mandated by the NOx SIP Call legislation with the intended purpose of reducing downwind O-3 concentrations. Monitors for NO, NO2, and the reactive oxides of nitrogen into which these two compounds are converted will record data to evaluate air quality model (AQM) predictions. Guidelines for testing these models indicate the need for semicontinuous measurements as close to real time as possible but no less frequently than once per hour. The measurement uncertainty required for AQM testing must be less than +/-20% (+/-10% for NO2) at mixing ratios of 1 ppbv and higher for NO, individual NOz component compounds, and NOy. This article is a review and discussion of different monitoring methods, some currently used in research and others used for routine monitoring. The performance of these methods is compared with the monitoring guidelines. Recommendations for advancing speciated and total NOy monitoring technology and a listing of demonstrated monitoring approaches are also presented. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP McClenny, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-46, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; NR 115 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 13 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 52 IS 5 BP 542 EP 562 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548XY UT WOS:000175416200005 PM 12022694 ER PT J AU Rizzo, M Scheff, P Ramakrishnan, V AF Rizzo, M Scheff, P Ramakrishnan, V TI Defining the photochemical contribution to particulate matter in urban areas using time-series analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; OZONE; POLLUTANTS; REGRESSION AB The objective of this project is to demonstrate how the ambient air measurement record can be used to define the relationship between O-3 (as a surrogate for photochemistry) and secondary particulate matter (PM) in urban air. The approach used is to develop a time-series transfer-function model describing the daily PM10 (PM with less than 10 mum aerodynamic diameter) concentration as a function of lagged PM and current and lagged O-3, NO or NO2, CO, and SO2. Approximately 3 years of daily average PM10, daily maximum 8-hr average O-3 and CO, daily 24-hr average SO2 and NO2, and daily 6:00 a.m-9:00 a.m. average NO from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) air quality subsystem are used for this analysis. Urban areas modeled are Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; Phoenix, AZ; Philadelphia, PA; Sacramento, CA; and Detroit, MI. Time-series analysis identified significant autocorrelation in the O-3, PM10, NO, NO2, CO, and SO2 series. Cross correlations between PM10 (dependent variable) and gaseous pollutants (independent variables) show that all of the gases are significantly correlated with PM10 and that O-3 is also significantly correlated lagged up to two previous days. Once a transfer-function model of current PM10 is defined for an urban location, the effect of an O-3-control strategy on PM concentrations is estimated by calculating daily PM10 concentrations with reduced O-3 concentrations. Forecasted summertime PM10 reductions resulting from a 5 percent decrease in ambient O-3 range from 1.2 mug/m(3) (3.03%) in Chicago to 3.9 mug/m(3) (7.65%) in Phoenix. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Massey Canc Ctr, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. US EPA, Air & Radiat Div, Air Monitoring Sect, Chicago, IL USA. RP Scheff, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, 2121 W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 52 IS 5 BP 593 EP 605 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548XY UT WOS:000175416200009 PM 12022698 ER PT J AU Geller, AC Cantor, M Miller, DR Kenausis, K Rosseel, K Rutsch, L Brooks, DR Zhang, Z Demierre, MF AF Geller, AC Cantor, M Miller, DR Kenausis, K Rosseel, K Rutsch, L Brooks, DR Zhang, Z Demierre, MF TI The Environmental Protection Agency's National SunWise school program: Sun protection education in US schools (1999-2000) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN-CANCER PREVENTION; MELANOMA PREVENTION; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; SUNSCREEN USE; EXPOSURE; RISK; POPULATION; SUNLIGHT; INTERMITTENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Melanoma, the most fatal form of skin cancer, is rising at a rate faster than that of all preventable cancers except lung cancer in the United States, Childhood exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light increases the risk for skin cancer as an adult; thus starting positive sun protection habits early may be key to reducing incidence. Methods: We evaluated the US Environmental Protection Agency's SunWise School Program, a national, environmental education program for sun safety of children in primary and secondary schools (kindergarten through eighth grade). The program was evaluated with surveys administered to participating students. An identical 18-question, self-administered survey was completed by students (median age, 10 years) in the classroom before and immediately after the SunWise educational program. Results: Surveys were completed by students in 40 schools before (pretests; n = 1894) and after the program was presented (post-tests: n = 1815). Significant improvement was noted for the 3 knowledge variables: appropriate type of sunscreen to be used for outdoor play, highest UV Index number, and need for hats and shirts outside. Intentions to play in the shade increased from 73% to 78% (P < .001), with more modest changes in intentions to use sunscreen. Attitudes regarding healthiness of a tan also decreased significantly. Conclusions: Brief, standardized sun protection education can be efficiently interwoven into school health education and result in improvements in knowledge and positive intentions for sun protection. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Geller, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, DOB801A,720 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA. OI Brooks, Daniel/0000-0001-6220-6889 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.121034 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 557NN UT WOS:000175914800005 PM 12004307 ER PT J AU Cerco, CF Linker, L Sweeney, J Shenk, G Butt, AJ AF Cerco, CF Linker, L Sweeney, J Shenk, G Butt, AJ TI Nutrient and solids controls in Virginia's Chesapeake Bay tributaries SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE nutrients; Virginia; bays; Chesapeake Bay; solids; contaminants ID CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; POTOMAC RIVER; ASIATIC CLAM; MODEL AB A model package including a watershed model, an atmospheric loading model, a hydrodynamic model, and a eutrophication model are used to evaluate the benefit of nutrient and solids load controls on the Virginia tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay. Quantities examined include nutrients, solids, chlorophyll, anoxic volume, mesozooplankton, benthos, light attenuation, and submerged aquatic vegetation. Nutrient load controls are beneficial in reducing chlorophyll concentration and anoxic volume but produce no major benefits for zooplankton and benthos. Load controls benefit aquatic vegetation biomass, but more extensive solids controls are required to restore widespread SAV distribution. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Cerco, CF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 544VL UT WOS:000175182300003 ER PT J AU Cherrington, JW Chernoff, N AF Cherrington, JW Chernoff, N TI Periods of vertebral column sensitivity to boric acid treatment in CD-1 mice in utero SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boric acid; vertebral column; rib agenesis; thoracic skeleton; skeletal anomalies; ribs; axial skeleton; centra ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RATS; MOUSE; BORON; FETAL; BONE AB Boric acid (BA) has many uses as an industrial compound and is widely distributed in the environment. BA has been shown to produce rib agenesis, a rare effect in laboratory animals. This study was conducted to determine if there is a period of sensitivity to this unusual effect. BA (500 or 750 mg/kg) was administered p.o. to pregnant CD-1 mice once daily on gestational days (GDs) 6-10. A reduction of 13th rib length occurred at both dose levels. BA 400 mg/kg was also administered twice daily on GD 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or on GDs 6-8. A significant decrease in average fetal weight was observed in all treatment groups. Significant increases in the incidence of cervical ribs/ossifications resulted from treatments on GD 7 and GDs 6-8. Rib agenesis occurred with treatment on GD 8 and GDs 6-8. Reduced rib length, a decreased incidence of supernumerary ribs (SNR), and an increased incidence of fused and/or branched ribs occurred when dams were treated GDs 6-8. Doses of 750 mg/kg given twice on day 8 produced significant increases in several thoracic skeletal anomalies. Further studies of pathogenesis are necessary to determine the earliest perturbations and the processes that are affected. The sensitivity of embryos to treatment on GD 8 to rib agenesis suggests that BA is affecting early processes such as gastrulation and presomitic mesoderm formation and patterning in this area. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, DBB,, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), 7521 W 97th Terrace, Overland Pk, KS 66212 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 AR PII S0890-6238(02)00017-5 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00017-5 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 597CZ UT WOS:000178205700004 PM 12128096 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, S Breton, R MacDonald, D Walker, JD Mekenyan, O AF Dimitrov, S Breton, R MacDonald, D Walker, JD Mekenyan, O TI Quantitative prediction of biodegradability, metabolite distribution and toxicity of stable metabolites SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Methods in Toxicology and Pharmacology Integrating Internet Resources CY JUL 11-13, 2001 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE SP Univ Bordeaux, CTIS DE biodegradability; biodegradation model; metabolites; toxicity; bioconcentration ID HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LIGANDS; ALPHA BINDING-AFFINITY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; ANTIESTROGENS; FLEXIBILITY; SYSTEM AB An evaluation of the capability of organic chemicals to mineralize is an important factor to consider when assessing their fate in the environment. Microbial degradation can convert a toxic chemical into an innocuous one, and vice versa, or alter the toxicity of a chemical, Moreover. primary biodegradation can convert chemicals into stable products that can be difficult to mineralize, In this paper, we present some new results obtained on the basis of a recently developed probabilistic approach to modeling biodegradation based on microbial transformation pathways. The metabolic transformations and their hierarchy were calibrated by making use of the ready biodegradability data from the MITI-I test and expert knowledge for the most probable transformation pathways. A model was developed and integrated into an expert software system named CATABOL that is able to predict the probability of biodegradation of organic chemicals directly from their structure. CATABOL simulates the effects of microbial enzyme systems, generates the most plausible transformation pathways, and quantitatively predicts the persistence and toxicity of the biodegradation products. A subset of 300 organic chemicals were selected from Canada's Domestic Substances List and subjected to CATABOL to compare predicted properties of the parent chemicals with their respective first stable metabolite. The results show that most of the stable metabolites have a lower acute toxicity to fish and a lower bioaccumulation potential compared to the parent chemicals. In contrast, the metabolites appear to be generally more estrogenic than the parent chemicals. C1 Univ Prof As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. Environm Canada, Commercial Chem Evaluat Branch, Chem Evaluat Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mekenyan, O (reprint author), Univ Prof As Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1080/10629360290014313 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 557ND UT WOS:000175913900009 PM 12184386 ER PT J AU Fenton, SE Hamm, JT Birnbaum, LS Youngblood, GL AF Fenton, SE Hamm, JT Birnbaum, LS Youngblood, GL TI Persistent abnormalities in the rat mammary gland following gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dioxin; fetus; mammary development; mammary gland; prolactin; rat; TCDD; thyroid; vaginal opening; vaginal thread ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; C57BL/6N MOUSE EMBRYO; FEMALE RAT; IN-UTERO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure during gestation has revealed reproductive anomalies in rat offspring, including inconclusive reports of stunted mammary development in females (Brown et al., 1998, Carcinogenesis 19, 1623-1629; Lewis et al., 2001, Toxicol. Sci. 62, 46-53). The current studies were designed to examine mammary-gland development in female offspring exposed in utero and lactationally to TCDD, and to determine a critical exposure period and cellular source of these effects. Long-Evans rats were exposed to 1 mug TCDD/kg body weight (bw) or vehicle on gestation day (GD) 15. TCDD-exposed females sacrificed on postnatal days (PND) 4, 25, 33, 37, 45, and 68 weighed significantly less than control litter mates, and peripubertal animals exhibited delayed vaginal opening and persistent vaginal threads, yet did not display altered estrous cyclicity. Mammary glands taken from TCDD-exposed animals on PND 4 demonstrated reduced primary branches, decreased epithelial elongation, and significantly fewer alveolar buds and lateral branches. This phenomenon persisted through PND 68 when, unlike fully developed glands of controls, TCDD-exposed rats retained undifferentiated terminal structures. Glands of offspring exposed to TCDD or oil on gestation days 15 and 20 or lactation days 1, 3, 5, and 10 were examined on PND 4 or 25 to discern that GD 15 was a critical period for consistent inhibition of epithelial development. Experiments using mammary epithelial transplantation between control and TCDD-exposed females suggested that the stroma plays a major role in the retarded development of the mammary gland following TCDD exposure. Our data suggest that exposure to TCDD prior to migration of the mammary bud into the fat pad permanently alters mammary epithelial development in female rat offspring. C1 US EPA, Div Reprod Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Div Expt Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Div Reprod Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 58 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1093/toxsci/67.1.63 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 545DN UT WOS:000175201100010 PM 11961217 ER PT J AU Ryan, LK Copeland, LR Daniels, MJ Costa, ER Selgrade, MJK AF Ryan, LK Copeland, LR Daniels, MJ Costa, ER Selgrade, MJK TI Proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine alterations following ultraviolet radiation enhancement of disease due to influenza infection in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE T-helper lymphocytes; cytokines; influenza virus; mice; ultraviolet radiation; inflammation ID VIRUS-INFECTION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; IMMUNE SUPPRESSION; OXYGEN RADICALS; HOST-RESISTANCE; NUDE-MICE; A VIRUS; EXPOSURE; RESPONSES; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AB Exposure of rodents to immunosuppressive agents such as ozone, dioxin, or ultraviolet radiation (UVR) leads to increased morbidity and mortality following influenza virus infection. However, these adverse effects are not related to the suppression of virus-specific immune responses. Our laboratory showed that UVR increased the morbidity, mortality, and pathogenesis of influenza virus without affecting protective immunity to the virus, as measured by resistance to reinfectiom, suggesting that UVR and other immunosuppressive pollutants such as dioxin and ozone may exacerbate early responses that contribute to the pathogenesis of a primary viral infection. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of UVR-enhanced mortality in the absence of effects on virus-specific immunity and tested the hypothesis that modulation of cyctokine levels was associated with increased deaths and body weight loss. BALB/c mice were exposed to 8.2 kJ/m(2) UVR and were infected 3 days later with a sublethal influenza virus infection (LD40 of mouse-adapted Hong Kong influenza A/68, H3N2). Influx of inflammatory cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and cytokines produced by T-helper lymphocytes (Th1 and Th2) were measured in lung homogenates (LH) as well as in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). UVR preexposure decreased the influenza-induced lymphocytic influx 5 days after infection, but did not alter macrophage and neutrophil influx into the lung, or increase virus titers significantly. Although interferon (IFN)-gamma, total interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were altered in mice that received UVR exposure prior to infection, no clear association was made that correlated with the UVR-induced increase in body weight loss and mortality due to influenza infection. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ryan, LK (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1093/toxsci/67.1.88 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 545DN UT WOS:000175201100013 PM 11961220 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Hornung, MW Korte, JJ Makynen, EA Leino, RL AF Ankley, GT Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Hornung, MW Korte, JJ Makynen, EA Leino, RL TI Evaluation of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aromatase inhibitor; endocrinology; fish; reproduction; steroids; vitellogenin ID SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; IN-VITRO; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WATERBORNE EXPOSURE; BREAST-CANCER; COHO SALMON; BRAIN; VITELLOGENIN AB Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) is a key enzyme in vertebrate steroidogenesis, catalyzing the conversion of C19 androgens to C18 estrogens such as beta-estradiol (E2). The objective of this study was to assess effects of the CYP19 inhibitor fadrozole on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproductive endocrinology and physiology in a short-term reproduction assay proposed for identifying specific classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A concentration-dependent reduction in fecundity was observed in fish exposed for 21 days to water concentrations of fadrozole ranging from 2 to 50 mug/l. Consistent with the expected mechanism of action, there was a significant inhibition of brain aromatase activity in both male and female fathead minnows exposed to fadrozole. In females, this inhibition was accompanied by a concentration-dependent decrease in plasma E2 and vitellogenin concentrations; the latter observation is consistent with the fact that activation of the estrogen receptor by E2 initiates hepatic vitellogenin production in oviparous vertebrates. Histological assessment of ovaries from females exposed to fadrozole indicated a decrease in mature oocytes and an increase in preovulatory atretic follicles. Exposure of male fathead minnows to fadrozole significantly increased plasma concentrations of the androgens testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (KT) and resulted in a marked accumulation of sperm in the testes. Results of this study indicate that the proposed fathead minnow assay should effectively identify test chemicals as potential aromatase inhibitors, both in the context of their reproductive toxicity and the specific mechanism of action. These results also should be of utility in assessing the potential ecological risk of CYP19 inhibitors, in particular in the context of relating alterations in subcellular indicators of endocrine function (changes in steroids, proteins) to adverse consequences in the whole organism. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 54 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1093/toxsci/67.1.121 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 545DN UT WOS:000175201100018 PM 11961225 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Tyler, K d'Hellencourt, CL Tilson, HA Maier, WE AF Harry, GJ Tyler, K d'Hellencourt, CL Tilson, HA Maier, WE TI Morphological alterations and elevations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, and IL-6 in mixed glia cultures following exposure to trimethyltin: Modulation by proinflammatory cytokine recombinant proteins and neutralizing antibodies SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trimethyltin; TNF alpha; interleukin 1; interleukin 6; microglia; astrocytes ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; RAT-BRAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CELL-CULTURES; ASTROCYTES AB Trimethyltin (TMT), is a hippocampal neurotoxicant characterized by neuronal degeneration, astrogliosis, and microglia reactivity with an associated elevation in proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. To examine the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the TMT-induced glia response, mixed cortical glia cultures were exposed to TMT and morphological and cytokine responses were examined. Morphological changes in the glia monolayer, enlarged, rounded cell bodies and retraction of the monolayer into distinct GFAP+ dense processes, displayed a dose (1, 5, and 10 muM TMT) and temporal response (6-48 h), accompanied by clustering of OX-42+ microglia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1alpha, and IL-6 mRNA levels were elevated by 3 and 6 h of TMT (10 muM) and proteins by 24 h. Recombinant proteins for IL-1alpha (100 pg/ml) and IL-6 (10 ng/ml) exacerbated the morphological response to TMT while those for TNFalpha (150 pg/ml) did not. Neutralizing antibodies (1:100) to IL-la and IL-6 showed a slight decrease in the severity of the morphological response to TMT while, at 24 h, TNFa antibodies (1:100) and an antibody cocktail offered a significant level of protection. At 6 h, the neutralizing antibodies to TNFa or IL-la did not elevate basal cytokine mRNA levels, however, IL-6 and the cocktail of antibodies significantly elevated IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels. The specific elevation in IL-la and IL-6 mRNA levels induced by, TMT remained evident only in cells coexposed to anti-TNFalpha. Similar responses in cytokine mRNA levels were seen in cocultures of hippocampal neurons and glia exposed to TMT. These data suggest a relationship between microglia activation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and glia morphological responses, the significance of which remains to be determined, as well as, the impact on neuronal degeneration. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NHEERL, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 62 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 180 IS 3 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1006/taap.2002.9390 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 555TE UT WOS:000175808700007 PM 12009860 ER PT J AU Olshan, AF Watson, MA Weissler, MC Bell, DA AF Olshan, AF Watson, MA Weissler, MC Bell, DA TI XRCC1 polymorphisms and head and neck cancer SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE head and neck neoplasms; oral cancer; larynx cancer; genetic susceptibility; DNA repair; tobacco ID REPAIR GENE XRCC1; DNA-REPAIR; LUNG-CANCER; RISK; POLYMERASE; CARCINOMA; FREQUENCY; DAMAGE AB Inter-individual differences in DNA repair capacity have been demonstrated using a variety of phenotypic assays, including reduced repair among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The XRCC1 DNA repair gene may facilitate DNA strand break and base excision repair. A recent case-control study of SCCHN reported associations with two polymorphisms of the XRM including the exon 6, 194Arg/Arg genotype and the exon 10, 399 Gln/Gln genotype. We conducted an analysis of these two XRM polymorphisms using data from a case-control study of SCCHN. Among white subjects, we found a weak elevation in risk associated with the Argl94Trp polymorphism [odds ratio (OR) = 1-3 95% confidence interval (0) = 0.6 - 2.9] and a decreased risk for the Arg399Gln polymorphism (OR = 0.6; CI = 0.4 - 1.1). We found a markedly decreased odds ratio for the Gln/Gln genotype among whites (OR = 0.1; CI = 0.04 - 0.6) and blacks (OR = 0.01; CI = 0.0004 - 0.3). We also found a suggestion of an interaction between the Argl94Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms and tobacco use. Additional epidemiologic and functional studies are needed to resolve the importance of these XRCCl polymorphisms in SCCHN. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div ENT Head & Neck Surg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Olshan, AF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA61188] NR 19 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 178 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 AR PII S0304-3835(01)00822-9 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00822-9 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 551VG UT WOS:000175582600009 PM 11867203 ER PT J AU Russom, CL AF Russom, CL TI Mining environmental toxicology information: web resources SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental toxicology; computer; web ID FRAGMENT CONTRIBUTION METHOD; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; DATABASE; HEALTH; SMILES AB Environmental toxicology is the study of the ecological effects of anthropogenic substances released into the environment. It is a relatively diverse field addressing impacts to aquatic and terrestrial organisms and communities. The determination of potential risk associated with toxic agents is of interest to government regulators, industry, researchers, private organizations and citizen groups. In assessing the ecological risk associated with a chemical stressor, it is important to establish linkages between likely exposure concentrations and adverse effects to ecological receptors. To do so requires access to reliable information resources. The proper application of such data requires familiarity with the scientific literature and keeping abreast of new and emerging issues as well as state-of-the-art research findings and methods. In addition, an understanding of government regulations as they relate to environmental issues is also of primary interest. The advent of the Web has made these tools accessible at computer desktops. This review focuses on currently available free Web resources related to environmental toxicology, specifically those which address available empirical data sources, predictive tools and publications of interest such as standard test methods, guidance documents and governmental regulations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Russom, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 88 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00023-9 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00023-9 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 551UX UT WOS:000175581400006 PM 11955685 ER PT J AU Miles, AM Singer, PC Ashley, DL Lynberg, MC Mendola, P Langlois, PH Nuckols, JR AF Miles, AM Singer, PC Ashley, DL Lynberg, MC Mendola, P Langlois, PH Nuckols, JR TI Comparison of trihalomethanes in tap water and blood SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BIRTH OUTCOMES; EXPOSURE; CHLORINATION; CHLOROFORM; AIR AB Trihalomethane (THM) concentrations in blood and tap water were measured for 50 women living in two locations with different bromide concentrations and disinfectant types. Blood samples were taken from each woman early in the morning prior to any major water-use activity and again immediately after showering. Each residence was sampled for THMs in tap water prior to the woman's shower. Cobb County, GA, tap water exhibited high THM concentrations composed primarily of chloroform. Corpus Christi, TX, tap water exhibited lower THM concentrations with significant proportions of brominated THMs, THMs in tap water and blood were compared using mole fraction speciation, extent of bromine incorporation, and correlation analysis, Results indicated that THMs in the blood rose significantly as a result of showering, that showering shifted the THM distribution in the blood toward that found in the corresponding tap water, and that THMs measured in the blood of women living in the two locations reflected species and concentration differences in their respective tap waters. In general, blood concentrations were not significantly correlated with tap water concentrations. This finding suggests that other factors, in addition to tap water concentrations, may be important in determining THM concentrations in the blood. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singer, PC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 31 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1692 EP 1698 DI 10.1021/es001991j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541GF UT WOS:000174976300008 PM 11993865 ER PT J AU Bassett, MV Wendelken, SC Dattilio, TA Pepich, BV Munch, DJ AF Bassett, MV Wendelken, SC Dattilio, TA Pepich, BV Munch, DJ TI The application of tris buffer and copper sulfate for the preservation of phenylurea pesticides analyzed using US EPA method 532 in the UCMR survey SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; COLUMN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; TRACE-ENRICHMENT; SURFACE-WATER; DIODE-ARRAY; ONLINE; GROUNDWATER; HERBICIDES AB A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) Survey need for the analysis of phenylurea pesticides in drinking waters. Many of these phenylurea compounds were demonstrated to degrade rapidly in the presence of the residual chlorine disinfectant in drinking waters. This degradation was halted by the addition of a tris buffer, which was initially chosen to optimize the sample pH prior to extraction. Copper sulfate was found to prevent the regrowth of microorganisms in surface waters, which was observed upon dechlorination. Tris buffer provided the additional benefit of keeping the copper sulfate preservative in solution even in groundwater matrices that caused precipitation of copper in its absence. A C-18 solid phase, in cartridge or disk form, was used to efficiently extract target compounds from the preserved drinking water matrices. A 21-day storage stability study, together with precision and accuracy studies, demonstrated that this method had suitable sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness for use in the EPA's UCMR drinking water occurrence survey. C1 IT Corp, Technol Applicat Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bassett, MV (reprint author), IT Corp, Technol Applicat Grp, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1809 EP 1814 DI 10.1021/es0156845 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541GF UT WOS:000174976300024 PM 11993880 ER PT J AU Isaacson, S AF Isaacson, S TI Veiled courage: Inside the Afghan women's resistance. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA, ESD LV Lib, Las Vegas, NV 89114 USA. RP Isaacson, S (reprint author), US EPA, ESD LV Lib, Las Vegas, NV 89114 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 7 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 542VJ UT WOS:000175064700128 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E Varma, RS AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E Varma, RS TI Microwave-expedited olefin epoxidation over hydrotalcites using hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave-expedited synthesis; olefins; epoxidation; hydrotalcites; hydrogen peroxide ID ELECTRON-DEFICIENT ALKENES; ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED KETONES; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; ALPHA-ISOPHORONE; EFFICIENT; HYDROPEROXIDES; CHEMISTRY; OXIDES AB An efficient microwave-assisted epoxidation of olefins is described over hydrotalcite catalysts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile. This general and selective protocol is extremely fast and is applicable to wide variety of substrates. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443,26 W ML King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 16 BP 2909 EP 2911 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00426-4 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00426-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 545TP UT WOS:000175233900008 ER PT J AU Hosick, TJ Ingamells, RL Machemer, SD AF Hosick, TJ Ingamells, RL Machemer, SD TI Determination of tin in soil by continuous hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; hydride generation; Sn; soil AB A method was investigated for the determination of Sn in soil samples by KOH fusion followed by continuous hydride generation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HG-ICP-MS). Sample solutions in 3.0 M HCl were mixed in line with a solution of 2.4% NaBH4 and 0.25 M KOH to generate stannane gas. The mixture was delivered continuously to a gas/liquid separator and the stannane gas was introduced into a Perkin-Elmer Sciex Elan 6000 ICP-MS for concentration measurements. A method detection limit of 0.45 mg/kg was sufficient for Sn levels commonly found in soil samples. Sn concentrations as low as 2.5 mg/kg were reproducibly measured in soil samples. Sample results by HG-ICP-MS agreed within +/- 17% relative difference to results by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and within +/-6% relative difference to results by KOH fusion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Off Criminal Enforcement Forens & Training, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hosick, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Off Criminal Enforcement Forens & Training, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 53,POB 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 456 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 AR PII S0003-2670(02)00049-1 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00049-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 540UU UT WOS:000174948600012 ER PT J AU Ress, NB Donnelly, KC George, SE AF Ress, NB Donnelly, KC George, SE TI The effect of pentachlorophenol on DNA adduct formation in p53 wild-type and knockout mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE benzo[a]pyrene; pentachlorophenol; transgenic animal model; p53 protein; DNA adduct ID ABNORMALITIES; SENSITIVITY; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; MOUSE AB Previous studies have shown that pentachlorophenol (PCP) has both potentiative and antagonistic effects on the genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). It has been suggested that these effects are due to inhibition and/or induction of enzymes involved in the biotransformation of B[a]P [Carcinogenesis 16 (1995) 2643]. However, B[a]P [J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 35240] and a metabolite of PCP, tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) [Chem. Biol. Interact. 105 (1997) 11, induce p53 protein synthesis in vitro. To investigate this effect further, C57BL/6Tac trp53 +/+ (wild-type, WT) and C57BL/6Tac trp53 -/- (knockout, KO) mice were exposed to 55 mug B[a]P/g BW alone or in combination with 25 mug/g PCP. Hepatic and lung DNA were analyzed for the major B[a]P DNA adduct, 7R,8S,9S-trihydroxy-10R-(N-2-2'-deoxyguanosyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-B[a]P (BPDE-N(2)G) and other minor adducts using the P-32-postlabeling assay. BPDE-N(2)G adducts were detected in all animals exposed to B[a]P. Similar adduct levels were observed in WT mice exposed to 55 mug/g B[a]P compared with KO mice exposed to B[a]P alone or in combination with PCP. Interestingly, hepatic and lung BPDE-N(2)G adducts were decreased in WT mice exposed to B[a]P with PCP (P < 0.05). Total DNA adducts in the liver (P < 0.05) were also decreased in WT mice exposed to B[a]P and PCP. Total DNA adducts in either hepatic or lung DNA isolated from KO mice were not different in mice treated with PCP and B [a]P. These results suggest that the decrease in BPDE-N(2)G adducts observed in WT mice may be a result of p53 accumulation or induction of repair pathways in response to damage induced by PCP. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ress, NB (reprint author), NIEHS, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,MD E1-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES04917-10] NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 178 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 AR PII S0304-3835(01)00810-2 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00810-2 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 576GQ UT WOS:000176995500002 PM 11849736 ER PT J AU Gundert-Remy, U Sonich-Mullin, C AF Gundert-Remy, U Sonich-Mullin, C CA IPCS Uncertainty Variability Plann TI The use of toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data in risk assessment: an international perspective SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE quantitative risk assessment; uncertainty/safety factors; chemical-specific adjustment factor ID HUMAN LIVER; CYTOCHROME-P-450 ENZYMES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; HUMAN HEALTH; CARCINOGENS; EXPRESSION; MICROSOMES; CHEMICALS AB Risk assessment of chemicals is a process which is usually based on data derived from animal testing in which the exposure of animals results in toxicological effects. By extrapolation, the dose/exposure in humans, which will not result in toxicological effects (unsafe dose', Lqsafe exposure'), is estimated. Traditional approaches use ulsafety factors' or Lquncertainty factors' to extrapolate from animal to man and from the Lqmean' subject to the general population, including sensitive subgroups. Traditionally, a default factor of 10 has been used to account for interspecies variation. It is proposed that this factor be subdivided into a subfactor to address the toxicokinetic aspects and a second subfactor for the toxicodynamic aspects. Likewise, a default factor of 10 with subfactors is proposed to account for the intraspecies variability. In the framework of the International Program on Chemical Safety's (IPCS) project on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals, an activity has been initiated to provide guidance to risk assessors on the use of quantitative chemical specific data to account for interspecies variation and interindividual variability in risk assessment. To address the toxicokinetic aspects, the active species, the relevant internal exposure and the adequate metrics must be considered. Data quality and availability, in vitro or in vivo, the route of administration and the relevant dose level are relevant information for interspecies extrapolation. The availability of experimental data, including the relevance of the population studied, the number of subjects and/or samples obtained in the relevant group allow one to estimate the population distribution, e.g. difference between central tendency and given percentiles. In a similar fashion, the toxicodynamic data must be addressed. In addition to the identification of the active chemical species, the relevant endpoint must be determined. C1 Fed Inst Consumers Hlth Protect, Dept Assessment Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gundert-Remy, U (reprint author), Fed Inst Consumers Hlth Protect, Dept Assessment Chem, BgVV Thielalleee 88-92, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 11 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01108-1 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01108-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100002 PM 12013545 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Kedderis, GL AF Lipscomb, JC Kedderis, GL TI Incorporating human interindividual biotransformation variance in health risk assessment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE metabolism; concentration; extrapolation; pharmacokinetics ID IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; VIVO; RATS; EXTRAPOLATION; MICROSOMES; MICE AB The protection of sensitive individuals within a population dictates that measures other than central tendencies be employed to estimate risk. The refinement of human health risk assessments for chemicals metabolized by the liver to reflect data on human variability can be accomplished through (1) the characterization of enzyme expression in large banks of human liver samples, (2) the employment of appropriate techniques for the quantification and extrapolation of metabolic rates derived in vitro, and (3) the judicious application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. While in vitro measurements of specific biochemical reactions from multiple human samples can yield qualitatively valuable data on human variance, such measures must be put into the perspective of the intact human to yield the most valuable predictions of metabolic differences among humans. For quantitative metabolism data to be the most valuable in risk assessment, they must be tied to human anatomy and physiology, and the impact of their variance evaluated under real exposure scenarios. For chemicals metabolized in the liver, the concentration of parent chemical in the liver represents the substrate concentration in the Michaelis-Menten description of metabolism. Metabolic constants derived in vitro may be extrapolated to the intact liver, when appropriate conditions are met. Metabolic capacity V-max the maximal rate of the reaction) can be scaled directly to the concentration of enzyme (or enzyme fraction) contained in the liver. Several environmental, genetic and lifestyle factors can influence the concentration of cytochrome P450 forms (CYP) in the liver by affecting either (1) the extent to which the CYP forms are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell (isolated as the microsomal fraction from tissue homogenates), or (2) the expression of microsomal protein in intact liver tissue. Biochemically sound measures of the hepatic distribution of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes among humans, based on expression of the enzymes within microsomal protein and the distribution of microsonial protein among intact livers, can be combined with metabolic constants derived in vitro to generate values consistent with those employed in PBPK models. When completed, the distribution (and bounds) of V-max values can be estimated and included in PBPK models. Exercising such models under plausible exposure scenarios will demonstrate the extent to which human interindividual enzyme variance can influence parameters (i.e., the detoxication of a toxic chemical through metabolism) that may influence risk. In this article, we describe a methodology and conditions which must exist for such an approach to be successful. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. CIIT, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W ML King Dr MD-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 21 AR PII S0048-9697(01)0115-9 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01115-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100003 PM 12013540 ER PT J AU Hertzberg, RC MacDonell, MM AF Hertzberg, RC MacDonell, MM TI Synergy and other ineffective mixture risk definitions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE interaction; synergism; mixture; risk assessment; additivity; joint toxicity ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB A substantial effort has been spent over the past few decades to label toxicologic interaction outcomes as synergistic, antagonistic, or additive. Although useful in influencing the emotions of the public and the press, these labels have contributed fairly little to our understanding of joint toxic action. Part of the difficulty is that their underlying toxicological concepts are only defined for two chemical mixtures, while most environmental and occupational exposures are to mixtures of many more chemicals. Furthermore, the mathematical characterizations of synergism and antagonism are inextricably linked to the prevailing definition of 'no interaction,' instead of some intrinsic toxicological property. For example, the US EPA has selected dose addition as the no-interaction definition for mixture risk assessment, so that synergism would represent toxic effects that exceed those predicted from dose addition. For now, labels such as synergism are useful to regulatory agencies, both for qualitative indications of public health risk as well as numerical decision tools for mixture risk characterization. Efforts to quantify interaction designations for use in risk assessment formulas, however, are highly simplified and carry large uncertainties. Several research directions, such as pharmacokinetic measurements and models, and toxicogenomics, should promote significant improvements by providing multi-component data that will allow biologically based mathematical models of joint toxicity to replace these pairwise interaction labels in mixture risk assessment procedures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Atlanta, GA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Hlth Risk Sect, Argonne, IL USA. RP Hertzberg, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 42 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01113-5 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01113-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100005 PM 12013546 ER PT J AU Donohue, JM Lipscomb, JC AF Donohue, JM Lipscomb, JC TI Health advisory values for drinking water contaminants and the methodology for determining acute exposure values SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE health advisory values; water contaminants; acute exposure values AB The Health Advisory (HA) Program of the Office of Water provides informal technical guidance to Federal, State and local officials responsible for protecting health when emergency spills or contamination situations occur. Under this program, first initiated in 1985, HA values are developed for 1-day, 10-day, longer-term (approx. 7 years) and lifetime exposures based on data describing non- cancer endpoints of toxicity. For substances that are known or probable human carcinogens, lifetime HAs are not recommended. In these situations, the HA document provides an estimate of the drinking water concentration that is equivalent to a 10(-4)-10(-6) cancer risk. US EPA has HA documents for over 175 chemicals dating from 1987 to 1998. A tabular summary of HA values can be accessed through the EPA Office of Science and Technology (OST) web page. The HA support documents provide a concise technical summary of and references for information on chemical, physical and toxicological properties, analytical methods, and treatment technologies. Some of the lifetime HA and cancer values in the HA documents may no longer agree with the most recent Agency assessment for Reference Dose (RfD) and cancer effects. However, the lifetime HA and cancer values presented in the HA tables have been updated to correspond with agency consensus values as presented in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Donohue, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Code 4304 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 49 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01109-3 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01109-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100006 PM 12013547 ER PT J AU Strickland, JA Foureman, GL AF Strickland, JA Foureman, GL TI US EPA's acute reference exposure methodology for acute inhalation exposures SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE acute inhalation toxicity; health risk assessment; toxicity value; hydrogen sulfide; hexachlorocyclopentadiene ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE INHALATION; EXERCISING MEN; HEALTHY-MEN; RATS; WOMEN; RESPONSES; LUNGS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Center for Environmental Assessment is engaged in the development of a methodology for Agency use to perform risk assessments for non-cancer effects due to acute inhalation exposures. The methodology will provide general guidance for deriving chemical-specific acute exposure benchmarks called acute reference exposures (AREs). Chemical-specific AREs are analogous to reference concentrations (RfCs) for chronic non-cancer effects and will be incorporated in chemical-specific files in the US EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as they are developed and reviewed. AREs will have wide applicability in assessing the potential health risks of accidental and routine acute releases of chemicals to the environment. The proposed methodology for ARE development provides a framework for choosing an optimal derivation approach, depending on the type of data available, from the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), benchmark concentration (BMC), or categorical regression approaches. Uncertainty factors are applied to the point of departure, determined by one of the recommended approaches, to derive the ARE. Due to the capability to use more exposure-response information than the NOAEL approach allows, exposure-response analyses such as BMC and categorical regression are favored as methods to develop the point of departure when the available database will support such analyses. The NOAEL approach is suitable when the data are insufficient to support exposure-response modeling. Applications of the proposed ARE methodology are illustrated by the derivation of example AREs for hydrogen sulfide and hexachlorocyclopentadiene, which showcase the categorical regression and NOAEL approaches, respectively. In addition, a recent review of the proposed ARE methodology by the US EPA Risk Assessment Forum is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Strickland, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, Integrated Lab Syst Inc, POB 12233 EC 17, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 63 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01114-7 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01114-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100007 PM 12013548 ER PT J AU Lorber, M AF Lorber, M TI A pharmacokinetic model for estimating exposure of Americans to dioxin-like compounds in the past, present, and future SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OH SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Counil, Natl Acad Sci DE dioxin exposure; pharmacokinetic modeling ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; VIETNAM VETERANS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ELIMINATION RATES; AGENT ORANGE; MONO-ORTHO; PCDFS; PCDDS; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; POPULATION AB Empirical evidence suggests that exposure of Americans to dioxin-like compounds was low during the early decades of the 20th century, then increased during the 1940s and 1950s, reaching a peak in the 1960s and 1970s, and progressively decreased to lower levels in the 1980s and 1990s. Such evidence includes dioxin analysis of carbon-dated sediment cores of lakes and rivers, preserved meat samples from different decades of the 20th century, and limited body burden measurements of dioxin-like compounds. Pinsky and Lorber (1998) summarized studies measuring 2,3,7,8-TCDD in blood and adipose tissue, and found a range of 10-20 pg/g (ppt) lipid during the 1970s, and 2-10 ppt lipid during the 1980s. This study reviews body burdens of dioxin toxic equivalents, TEQs, to find a range from approximately 50 to 80 ppt lipid during the 1970s, 30-50 ppt lipid during the 1980s, and 10-20 ppt lipid during the 1990s (TEQs comprised of the 17 dioxin and furan congeners only). Pinsky and Lorber (1998) investigated historical exposure trends for 2,3,7,8-TCDD by using a single-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetic model. The current study extends this prior effort by modeling dioxin TEQs instead of the single compound, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. TEQs are modeled as though they were a single compound, in contrast to an approach where the individual dioxin and furan congeners are modeled separately. It was found that body burdens of TEQs during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s could be modeled by assuming a historical dose which began the century at low levels of approximately 0.5 pg TEQ/kg/day, rose during the middle decades of the 20th century to over 6 pg TEQ/kg/day, and declined to current levels of approximately 0.5 pg TEQ/kg/day. Trends in individual and population body burdens of TEQs are also investigated using this PK modeling framework; A key uncertainty of this effort - assuming that TEQs behave as though they were a single compound - is discussed and analyzed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 33 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 95 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01119-6 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01119-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100009 PM 12013550 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS TI Microwave-generated dialkylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminates as recyclable catalysts for the solvent-free tetrahydropyranyl(THP)protection and deprotection of alcohols and phenols. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 415-ORGN BP B239 EP B239 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801336 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Bishop, PL Gong, P AF Al-Abed, SR Bishop, PL Gong, P TI Leaching of oxoanion-forming elements from mineral processing waste using constant pH test. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 161-ENVR BP U535 EP U535 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702998 ER PT J AU Becker, TM Gonzalez, MA AF Becker, TM Gonzalez, MA TI Homogeneous catalysts for the partial-oxygenation of saturated hydrocarbons with hydrogen peroxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 012-IEC BP U629 EP U629 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703436 ER PT J AU Bouchard, DC AF Bouchard, DC TI Using methanol-water systems to investigate phenanthrene sorption-desorption on sediment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, ERD, NERL, ORD, Athens, GA 30606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 132-ENVR BP U530 EP U530 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702969 ER PT J AU Burbano, AA Dionysiou, DD Richardson, TL Suidan, MT AF Burbano, AA Dionysiou, DD Richardson, TL Suidan, MT TI MTBE degradation using Fenton's reagent: The effect of ferrous and ferric iron mixtures on the efficiency of the overall reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, ERC Engn Res Ctr 701, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 123-ENVR BP U529 EP U529 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702960 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Junod, N Van Emon, JM Reed, AW AF Chuang, JC Junod, N Van Emon, JM Reed, AW TI Determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 2,4-O in multimedia and biological samples by ELISA and GC/MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, HEASD, 2HERB, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, HERB, 3NAHE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 015-AGRO BP U52 EP U52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700216 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR Kukainis, VR AF Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR Kukainis, VR TI Quantification of products from electrochemical dechlorination of trichloroethylene using granular-graphite electrodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 133-ENVR BP U530 EP U530 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702970 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Moteleb, M Song, Q Liang, SJ Kupferle, M Richardson, T McCauley, P Brenner, R AF Fang, YX Moteleb, M Song, Q Liang, SJ Kupferle, M Richardson, T McCauley, P Brenner, R TI Measurement of PAH content in plateau materials in soil slurry reactors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 064-ENVR BP U519 EP U519 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702901 ER PT J AU Heermance, E Falconer, RL Morgan, MK AF Heermance, E Falconer, RL Morgan, MK TI Enantiomeric composition of chiral pesticides in human adipose tissue and breast milk. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Chatham Coll, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 454-CHED BP U227 EP U227 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701194 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, GM Ryan, JA Scheckel, KG AF Hettiarachchi, GM Ryan, JA Scheckel, KG TI Role of iron and manganese oxides in biosolids and bidsolids-amended soils on metal binding. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 124-GEOC BP U611 EP U611 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703364 ER PT J AU Junod, N Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM AF Junod, N Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM TI An approach to methods development for human exposure assessment studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, NERL, HEASD, HERB2, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 036-AGRO BP U55 EP U55 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700237 ER PT J AU Lake, JL McKinney, RA Osterman, FA Ryba, SA Cantwell, MG Tien, RY Brown, C Suprock, L AF Lake, JL McKinney, RA Osterman, FA Ryba, SA Cantwell, MG Tien, RY Brown, C Suprock, L TI Mercury and stable isotopes in mink. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 076-ENVR BP U521 EP U521 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702913 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Stevens, RK Schaedilich, F AF Landis, MS Stevens, RK Schaedilich, F TI Standardized automated and manual methods to speciate mercury: Field and laboratory studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Source Apportionment & Characterization Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Florida DEP CO USEPA NERL, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 087-ENVR BP U523 EP U523 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702924 ER PT J AU Landis, MS Stevens, RK AF Landis, MS Stevens, RK TI Preliminary results from the USEPA mercury speciation network and aircraft measurement campaigns. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Source Apportionment & Characterizat Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 085-ENVR BP U522 EP U522 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702922 ER PT J AU Lewis, M Quarles, R Dantin, D Stanley, R AF Lewis, M Quarles, R Dantin, D Stanley, R TI Mercury concentrations in sediment, water and biota collected from near-coastal areas impacted by common estuarine stressors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 199-ENVR BP U541 EP U541 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703036 ER PT J AU Li, CJ Keh, CCK Varma, RS Namboodiri, VV AF Li, CJ Keh, CCK Varma, RS Namboodiri, VV TI Lewis acid catalyzed formation of tetrahydropyrans in ionic liquid. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 152-IEC BP U650 EP U650 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703569 ER PT J AU Liu, SM Pleil, JD AF Liu, SM Pleil, JD TI Methods development and demonstration for assessing level of native pesticides, PCBs, PAHs and VOCs in human blood SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, NERL, HEASD, EMMB, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 149-ENVR BP U533 EP U533 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702986 ER PT J AU Loux, NT Washington, JW AF Loux, NT Washington, JW TI Errors in applying low ionic strength activity coefficient algorithms to higher ionic strength media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 117-ENVR BP U528 EP U528 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702954 ER PT J AU Loux, NT Collette, TW Washington, JW AF Loux, NT Collette, TW Washington, JW TI An alternative method for relating macroscopic to microscopic acidity constants with zwitterionic species. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 116-ENVR BP U528 EP U528 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702953 ER PT J AU Mishra, NN Wang, J Rogers, KR AF Mishra, NN Wang, J Rogers, KR TI Pulse voltammetry of chromium at screen printed electrode modified by thin films of nickel SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 153-ENVR BP U534 EP U534 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702990 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS TI Improved synthesis of room temperature ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 151-IEC BP U650 EP U650 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703568 ER PT J AU Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS AF Namboodiri, VV Varma, RS TI Iron (III) nitrate-catalyzed facile synthesis of diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers from alcohols. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 122-IEC BP U646 EP U646 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703541 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to g-butyrolactone over Pd/Al203 catalyst under supercritical carbon dioxide medium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 180-IEC BP U654 EP U654 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703596 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Gas phase selective oxidation of alcohols using light-activated titanium dioxide and molecular oxygen. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 118-IEC BP U645 EP U646 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703537 ER PT J AU Potter, BB Wimsatt, JC AF Potter, BB Wimsatt, JC TI Investigation of response differences between different types of total organic carbon (TOC) analytical instrument systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Council Aging, Senior Environm Employment Program, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 060-ENVR BP U518 EP U518 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702897 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Apostol, A Gary, RK Rogers, KR AF Ramanathan, K Apostol, A Gary, RK Rogers, KR TI A fluorescence based assay for DNA damage: Induced by radiation, chemicals and enzymes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Gary, Ronald/A-8650-2008 OI Gary, Ronald/0000-0001-5079-1953 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 020-ANYL BP U66 EP U66 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700279 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, SD TI Career opportunities at the US EPA. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 174-ANYL BP U90 EP U90 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700429 ER PT J AU Sawunyama, P Bailey, GW AF Sawunyama, P Bailey, GW TI Structures and binding energies of methyl tert-butyl ether-water complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 133-COMP BP U483 EP U483 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702690 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA AF Scheckel, KG Ryan, JA TI Extractability of metals from smelter-contaminated soils treated with phosphorus amendments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 138-ENVR BP U531 EP U531 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702975 ER PT J AU Shevade, SS Ford, R Puls, R AF Shevade, SS Ford, R Puls, R TI Mercury separation from pollutant water using zeolites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 192-ENVR BP U540 EP U540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703029 ER PT J AU Smieja, JA Puls, R AF Smieja, JA Puls, R TI Arsenate reduction by organic molecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 118-ENVR BP U528 EP U528 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702955 ER PT J AU Eisner, AD Wiener, RW AF Eisner, AD Wiener, RW TI Discussion and evaluation of the volatility test for equivalency of other methods to the federal reference method for fine particulate matter SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NITRATE; DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; AMMONIUM; SULFATE; FILTERS; GAS AB In July, 1997, the EPA promulgated a new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This new standard was based on the collection of an integrated mass sample on a filter. Field studies have demonstrated that the collection of semivolatile compounds leads to artifacts and imprecision among methods. In view of such sampling artifacts, a test requirement was promulgated in Title 40, Part 53, Subpart F, Section 53.66 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40CFR53.66) to aid in the determination of methodological equivalency. In this paper, this requirement is critically reviewed and tested in terms of its feasibility and precision. The results show that the test is capable of demonstrating acceptable precision for FRM-type samplers and repeatable differences in performance among different methods. In order to maintain high precision within the entire test procedure, the loading time should be extended to 2 h for flow rates of 16.7 lpm and proportionately longer for lower flow rates. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Eisner, AD (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1080/027868202753571250 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539CU UT WOS:000174852800007 ER PT J AU Carraway, MS Ghio, AJ Suliman, HB Carter, JD Whorton, AR Piantadosi, CA AF Carraway, MS Ghio, AJ Suliman, HB Carter, JD Whorton, AR Piantadosi, CA TI Carbon monoxide promotes hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulmonary hypertension; hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; actin; heme oxygenase ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; HIGH-ALTITUDE; HEME OXYGENASE-1; RAT; EXPRESSION; LUNG; MESSENGER; GENE; CO AB CO is a biologically active gas that produces cellular effects by multiple mechanisms. Because cellular binding of CO by heme proteins is increased in hypoxia, we tested the hypothesis that CO interferes with hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. Rats were exposed to inspired CO (50 parts/million) at sea level or 18,000 ft of altitude [hypobaric hypoxia (HH)], and changes in vessel morphometry and pulmonary pressure-flow relationships were compared with controls. Vascular cell single strand DNA (ssDNA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were assessed, and changes in gene and protein expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin (sm-alpha-actin), beta-actin, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were evaluated by Western analysis, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. After 21 days of HH, vascular pressure at constant flow and vessel wall thickness increased and lumen diameter of small arteries decreased significantly. The presence of CO, however, further increased both pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and the number of small muscular vessels compared with HH alone. CO + HH also increased vascular PCNA and nuclear ssDNA expression compared with hypoxia, suggesting accelerated cell turnover. CO in hypoxia downregulated sm-alpha-actin and strongly upregulated beta-actin. CO also increased lung HO activity and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in small pulmonary arteries during hypoxia. These data indicate an overall propensity of CO in HH to promote vascular remodeling and increase PVR in vivo. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Div Human Studies, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Piantadosi, CA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, POB 3315, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 42444] NR 29 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 4 BP L693 EP L702 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00211.2001 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 528EM UT WOS:000174231500012 PM 11880294 ER PT J AU Sappington, KG AF Sappington, KG TI Development of aquatic life criteria for selenium: a regulatory perspective on critical issues and research needs SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the State of Science and Future Needs for Selenium Aquatic Criteria CY OCT, 1999 CL SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Calif Syst Wide Toxic Substances Res & Teaching Program DE selenium; aquatic life criteria; research needs ID WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; TOXICITY THRESHOLDS; INORGANIC SELENIUM; DIETARY SELENIUM; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; BIOACCUMULATION; SELENATE AB The US is currently in the process of revising its freshwater, chronic aquatic life criterion for selenium. The fundamental issues being addressed include which environmental compartment(s) support the most reliable expression of the criterion, which form(s) of selenium should be measured in the medium (media) of choice, and which site-specific water quality (or other factors) should be linked to the expression of the criterion. Literature reviews and a recent workshop were conducted to assess the state of the science on various issues related to water-, tissue- and sediment-based criteria for selenium. Evaluation of many of these issues is ongoing. In terms of water column criteria issues, data limitations will likely restrict the expression of a criterion to operationally defined forms (e.g. total recoverable, dissolved). The specific identity of organoselenium in natural systems is lacking and may not be appropriately represented by free seleno-amino acids (e.g. selenomethionine). The available data do not appear to support quantitative relationships between chronic toxicity and water quality characteristics. In terms of a tissue-based criterion. reproductive tissue (ovary, egg) has been recommended as the tissue of choice, but practical concerns and data availability require consideration of other tissues (e.g. whole-body). Organoselenium (bound to peptides or proteins) is thought to be the form of greatest toxicological importance in fish, however, direct measurements of organoselenium compounds in tissues are very limited. Route of exposure (food vs. water uptake) may prove important for establishing diagnostic tissue residues for selenium based on laboratory data. Data on toxicological aspects of selenium in sediments appear sparse. particularly in relation to different sedimentary forms. Reliable assessments of bioaccumulation will likely be critical for making site-specific modifications to chronic selenium criteria. however, many technical issues for assessing bioaccumulation remain. The need for improved analytical methods for directly speciating organoselenium in various environmental media underpins many of the current data gaps. Improving analytical methodologies to enable affordable and reliable measurement of organoselenium compounds holds significant promise for advancing selenium ecotoxicological research. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sappington, KG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 113 AR PII S0166-445X(01)00267-3 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00267-3 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 531JE UT WOS:000174411600009 PM 11879941 ER PT J AU Robarge, WP Walker, JT McCulloch, RB Murray, G AF Robarge, WP Walker, JT McCulloch, RB Murray, G TI Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and ammonium at an agricultural site in the southeast United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric nitrogen; acid gases; PM2.5; denuders; multivariate regression ID ANNULAR DENUDER SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH-CAROLINA; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; NITRIC-ACID; AMBIENT AIR; SULFATE; AEROSOL AB In this study, we present similar to1 yr (October 1998-September 1999) of 12-hour mean ammonia (NH3), ammonium (NH4+), hydrochloric acid (MCl), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-). nitric acid (HNO3). nitrous acid (HONO). Sulfate (SO42-), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations measured at an agricultural site in North Carolina's Coastal Plain region. Mean gas concentrations were 0.46, 1.21, 0.54, 5.55, and 4.15 mug m(-3) for HCl, HNO3, HONO, NH3, and SO2, respectively. Mean aerosol concentrations were 1.44, 1.23, 0.08, and 3.37 mug m(-3) for NH4+ NO3-, Cl-, and SO24-. respectively. Ammonia. NH4+, HNO3, and SO42- exhibit higher concentrations during the summer. awhile higher SO, concentrations occur during winter. A meteorology-based multivariate regression model using temperature, wind speed, and wind direction explains 76% of the variation in 12-hour mean NH3 concentrations (n = 601). Ammonia concentration increases exponentially with temperature. which explains the majority of variation (54%) in 12-hour mean NH3 concentrations. Dependence of NH3 concentration on wind direction suggests a local Source influence. Ammonia accounts for >70% of NHx (NHx = NH3 + NH4+) during all seasons. Ammonium nitrate and sulfate aerosol formation does not appear to be NH3 limited. Sulfate is primarily associated ammonium sulfate, rather than bisulfate, except during the winter when the ratio of NO3--NH4- is similar to0.66. The annual average NO3-NH4- ratio is similar to0.25. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. URS Corp Radian Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Air Qual, Raleigh, NC 27626 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, MD-63, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 NR 56 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1661 EP 1674 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00171-1 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00171-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 558KN UT WOS:000175965300011 ER PT J AU Boyer, EW Goodale, CL Jaworsk, NA Howarth, RW AF Boyer, EW Goodale, CL Jaworsk, NA Howarth, RW TI Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic; atmospheric deposition; eutrophication; food production; nitrogen; nitrogen budget; nitrogen fixation; rivers ID STREAM WATER-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; DRY-MATTER; HARDWOOD FORESTS; AMMONIA EMISSION; N-2 FIXATION; PATTERNS; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB Human activities have greatly altered the nitrogen (N) cycle, accelerating the rate of N fixation in landscapes and delivery of N to water bodies. To examine relationships between anthropogenic N inputs and riverine N export, we constructed budgets describing N inputs and losses for 16 catchments, which encompass a range of climatic variability and are major drainages to the coast of the North Atlantic Ocean along a latitudinal profile from Maine to Virginia. Using data from the early 1990's, we quantified inputs of N to each catchment from atmospheric deposition, application of nitrogenous fertilizers, biological nitrogen fixation, and import of N in agricultural products (food and feed). We compared these inputs with N losses from the system in riverine export. The importance of the relative sources varies widely by catchment and is related to land use. Net atmospheric deposition was the largest N source (>60%) to the forested basins of northern New England (e.g. Penobscot and Kennebec); net import of N in food was the largest source of N to the more populated regions of southern New England (e.g. Charles Blackstone); and agricultural inputs were the dominant N sources in the Mid-Atlantic region (e.g. Schuylkill & Potomac). Over the combined area of the catchments, net atmospheric deposition was the largest single source input (31%), followed by net imports of N in food and feed (25%), fixation in agricultural lands (24%), fertilizer use (15%), and fixation ill forests (5%). The combined effect of fertilizer use, fixation in crop lands, and animal feed imports makes agriculture the largest overall source of N. Riverine export of N is well correlated with N inputs, but it accounts for only a fraction (25%) of the total N inputs. This work provides an understanding of the sources of N in landscapes, and highlights how human activities impact N cycling in the northeast region. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Boyer, EW (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 70 TC 343 Z9 372 U1 18 U2 155 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 137 EP 169 DI 10.1023/A:1015709302073 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 559AG UT WOS:000176001500005 ER PT J AU Mayer, B Boyer, EW Goodale, C Jaworski, NA Van Breemen, N Howarth, RW Seitzinger, S Billen, G Lajtha, LJ Nosal, M Paustian, K AF Mayer, B Boyer, EW Goodale, C Jaworski, NA Van Breemen, N Howarth, RW Seitzinger, S Billen, G Lajtha, LJ Nosal, M Paustian, K TI Sources of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern US: Isotopic constraints SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE denitrification; nitrate; nitrate sources; rivers; stable isotopes; delta N-15(nitrate); delta O-18(nitrate) ID RIPARIAN ZONE; GROUND-WATER; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; N-15; FOREST; STREAM; OXYGEN; O-18; FRACTIONATION AB The feasibility of using nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate (NO3-) for elucidating sources and transformations of riverine nitrate was evaluated in a comparative study of 16 watersheds in the northeastern U.S.A. Stream water was sampled repeatedly at the outlets of the watersheds between January and December 1999 for determining concentrations, delta(15)N values, and delta(18)O values of riverine nitrate. In conjunction with information about land use and nitrogen fluxes, delta(15)N(nitrate) and delta(18)O(nitrate) values provided mainly information about sources of riverine nitrate. In predominantly forested watersheds, riverine nitrate had mean concentrations of less than 0.4 mg NO3- -N L-1, delta(15)N(nitrate) values of less than +5parts per thousand, and delta(18)O(nitrate) values between +12 and +19parts per thousand. This indicates that riverine nitrate was almost exclusively derived from soil nitrification processes with potentially minor nitrate contributions from atmospheric deposition in some catchments. In watersheds with significant agricultural and urban land use. concentrations of riverine nitrate were as high as 2.6 mg NO3--N L-1 with delta(15)N(nitrate) values between +5 and +8parts per thousand 3 and delta(18)O(nitrate) values generally below +15parts per thousand. Correlations between nitrate concentrations, delta(15)N(nitrate) values, and N fluxes suggest that nitrate in waste water constituted a major, and nitrate in manure a minor additional source of riverine nitrate. Atmospheric nitrate deposition or nitrate-containing fertilizers were not a significant source of riverine nitrate in watersheds with significant agricultural and urban land use. Although complementary studies indicate that in-stream denitrification was significant in all rivers, the isotopic composition of riverine nitrate sampled at the Outlet of the 16 watersheds did not provide evidence for denitrification in the form of elevated delta(15)N(nitrate) and delta(18)O(nitrate) values. Relatively low isotopic enrichment factors for nitrogen and oxygen during in-stream denitrification and continuous admixture of nitrate from the above-described sources are thought to be responsible for this finding C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US EPA, Sanford, FL 32771 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Soil Sci & Geol, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen Inst Environm & Climate Res, Wageningen, Netherlands. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Paris 06, UMR Sisyphe, F-75005 Paris, France. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Energy & Environm Engn, Troy, NY USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mayer, B (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bernhard@earth.geo.ucalgary.ca RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 61 TC 221 Z9 235 U1 9 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 171 EP 197 DI 10.1023/A:1015744002496 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 559AG UT WOS:000176001500006 ER PT J AU Goodale, CL Lajtha, K Nadelhoffer, KJ Boyer, EW Jaworski, NA AF Goodale, CL Lajtha, K Nadelhoffer, KJ Boyer, EW Jaworski, NA TI Forest nitrogen sinks in large eastern US watersheds: estimates from forest inventory and an ecosystem model SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE forest growth; forest inventories; nitrogen budget; nitrogen sinks; nitrogen uptake; wood production ID HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM; WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; OAK FOREST AB The eastern U.S. receives elevated rates of N deposition compared to preindustrial times, yet relatively little of this N is exported in drainage waters. Net uptake of N into forest biomass and soils could account for a substantial portion of the difference between N deposition and solution exports. We quantified forest N sinks in biomass accumulation and harvest export for 16 large river basins in the eastern U.S. with two separate approaches: (1) using growth data from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, and (2) using a model of forest nitrogen cycling (PnET-CN) linked to FIA information on forest age-class structure. The model was also used to quantify N sinks in soil and dead wood, and nitrate losses below the rooting zone. Both methods agreed that net growth rates were highest in the relatively young forests on the Schuylkill watershed, and lowest in the cool forests of northern Maine. Across the 16 watersheds, wood export removed an average of 2.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (range: 1-5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), and standing stocks increased by 4.0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (-3 to 8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Together, these sinks for N in woody biomass amounted to a mean of 6.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (2-9 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), or 73% (15-115%) of atmospheric N deposition. Modeled rates of net N sinks in dead wood and soil were small; soils were only a significant net sink for N during simulations of reforestation of degraded agricultural sites. Predicted losses of nitrate depended on the combined effects of N deposition, and both short- and long-term effects of disturbance. Linking the model with forest inventory information on age-class structure provided a useful step toward incorporating realistic patterns of forest disturbance status across the landscape. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US EPA, Sanford, FL 32771 USA. RP Goodale, CL (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, POB 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 58 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 239 EP 266 DI 10.1023/A:1015796616532 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 559AG UT WOS:000176001500008 ER PT J AU Van Breemen, N Boyer, EW Goodale, CL Jaworski, NA Paustian, K Seitzinger, SP Lajtha, K Mayer, B Van Dam, D Howarth, RW Nadelhoffer, KJ Eve, M Billen, G AF Van Breemen, N Boyer, EW Goodale, CL Jaworski, NA Paustian, K Seitzinger, SP Lajtha, K Mayer, B Van Dam, D Howarth, RW Nadelhoffer, KJ Eve, M Billen, G TI Where did all the nitrogen go? Fate of nitrogen inputs to large watersheds in the northeastern USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; LAND-USE; RETENTION; BUDGETS; CARBON; SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; SATURATION; DEPOSITION; SUCCESSION AB To assess the fate of the large amounts of nitrogen (N) brought into the environment by human activities, we constructed N budgets for sixteen large watersheds (475 to 70,189 km(2)) in the northeastern U.S.A. These watersheds are mainly forested (48-87%), but vary widely with respect to land use and population density. We combined published data and empirical and process models to set up a complete N budget for these sixteen watersheds. Atmospheric deposition, fertilizer application, net feed and food inputs. biological fixation, river discharge, wood accumulation and export, changes in soil N, and denitrification losses in the landscape and in rivers were considered for the period 1988 to 1992. For the whole area, on average 3420 kg of N is imported annually per km(2) of land. Atmospheric N deposition, N-2 fixation by plants, and N imported in commercial products (fertilizers, food and feed) contributed to the input in roughly equal contributions. We quantified the fate of these inputs by independent estimates of storage and loss terms, except for denitrification from land, which was estimated from the difference between all inputs and all other storage and loss terms. Of the total storage and losses in the watersheds, about half of the N is lost in gaseous form (51%, largely by denitrification). Additional N is lost in riverine export (20%), in food exports (6%), and in wood exports (5%). Change in storage of N in the watersheds in soil organic matter (9%) and wood (9%) accounts for the remainder of the sinks. The presence of appreciable changes in total N storage on land, which we probably under-rather than overestimated, shows that the N budget is not in steady state, so that drainage and denitrification exports of N may well increase further in the future. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Soil Sci & Geol, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen Inst Environm & Climate Res, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US EPA, Wakefield, RI USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Van Breemen, N (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Soil Sci & Geol, POB 37, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 51 TC 177 Z9 183 U1 7 U2 89 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 267 EP 293 DI 10.1023/A:1015775225913 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 559AG UT WOS:000176001500009 ER PT J AU Sickman, JO Melack, JM Stoddard, JL AF Sickman, JO Melack, JM Stoddard, JL TI Regional analysis of inorganic nitrogen yield and retention in high-elevation ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE catchment features; nitrogen; nitrogen retention; nitrogen yield; Rocky Mountains; Sierra Nevada ID STREAM WATER CHEMISTRY; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; GREEN LAKES VALLEY; SPRING SNOWMELT; ALPINE TUNDRA; TALUS FIELDS; CATCHMENTS; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA; USA AB Yields and retention of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN: NO3- + NH4+) and nitrate concentrations in surface runoff are summarized for 28 high elevation watersheds in the Sierra Nevada of California and Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado. Catchments ranged in elevation from 2475 to 3603 m and from 15 to 1908 ha in area. Soil cover varied from 5% to nearly 97% of total catchment area. Runoff from these snow-dominated catchments ranged from 315 to 1265 mm per year. In the Sierra Nevada, annual volume-weighted mean (AVWM) nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 13 muM (overall average 5.4 muM), and peak concentrations measured during snowmelt ranged from 1.0 to 38 muM. Nitrate levels in the Rocky Mountain watersheds were about twice those in the Sierra Nevada; average AVWM NO3- was 9.4 muM and snowmelt peaks ranged from 15 to 50 muM. Mean DIN loading to Rocky Mountain watersheds, 3.6 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), was double the average measured for Sierra Nevada watersheds, 1.8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). DIN yield in the Sierra Nevada, 0.69 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), was about 60% that measured in the Rocky Mountains, 1.1 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Net inorganic N retention in Sierra Nevada catchments was 1.2 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and represented about 55% of annual DIN loading. DIN retention in the Rocky Mountain catchments was greater in absolute terms, 2.5 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), and as a percentage of DIN loading, 72%. A correlation analysis using DIN yield, DIN retention and surface water nitrate concentrations as dependent variables and eight environmental features (catchment elevation, slope, aspect, roughness, area, runoff, soil cover and DIN loading) as independent variables was conducted. For the Sierra Nevada, elevation and soil cover had significant (p < 0.1) Pearson product moment correlations with catchment DIN yield, AVWM and peak snowmelt nitrate concentrations and DIN retention rates. Log-linear regression models using soil cover as the independent variable explained 82% of the variation in catchment DIN retention, 92% of the variability in AVWM nitrate and 85% of snowmelt peak NO3-. In the Rocky Mountains, soil cover was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with DIN yield, AVWM NO3- and DIN retention expressed as a percentage of DIN loading (%DIN retention). Catchment mean slope and terrain roughness were positively correlated with steam nitrate concentrations and negatively related to %DIN retention. About 91% of the variation in DIN yield and 79% of the variability in AVWM NO3- were explained by log-linear models based on soil cover. A log- linear regression based on soil cover explained 90% of the variation of % DIN retention in the Rocky Mountains. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Sickman, JO (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 64 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 341 EP 374 DI 10.1023/A:1016564816701 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 559AG UT WOS:000176001500011 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Dzgoev, A Svitel, J Jonsson, BR Danielsson, B AF Ramanathan, K Dzgoev, A Svitel, J Jonsson, BR Danielsson, B TI Gold-coated capillary based 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid chemi-lumincscent assays: possibilities towards multianalysis SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multi-Analyte Biosensing Devices CY APR 13-14, 2000 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP European Comm DG XII, Inst Microelectr, Inst Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnost Prod, NCSR DE capillaries; assays; acid ID IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; BIOSENSORS AB The application of gold-coated glass capillaries for the design of a sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is reported. The gold coating on the glass capillaries has been partially characterized and its effect on enhancing the signal intensity has been measured. A simple photo-multiplier tube-based photon detector is used for this purpose. At least three times improvement in the signal intensity is observed compared to uncoated glass capillaries, with a consequent improvement in the sensitivity of detection. Using such gold-coated glass capillaries, 2,4-D in the range 10(-9) to 10(-13) mol/l is detectable at a precision of +/-15% (CV%) and a limit of detection of 10(-15) mol/l is achievable. The possibility of using such gold-coated capillaries with a portable multianalytical set-up for field studies is also demonstrated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lund Univ, Ctr Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Pure & Appl Biochem, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), US EPA, 944 E Harmon Av, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI BP 283 EP 288 AR PII S0956-5663(01)00296-2 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00296-2 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 536GX UT WOS:000174693300005 PM 11849924 ER PT J AU Fehrenbacher, C AF Fehrenbacher, C TI "Greening" the process using EPA models - Preventing pollution, enhancing safety SO CHEMICAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Exposure Assessment Branch, OPPT, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fehrenbacher, C (reprint author), US EPA, Exposure Assessment Branch, OPPT, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUTMAN PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 301 E ERIE STREET, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0009-2630 J9 CHEM PROCESS JI Chem. Process. PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 544NB UT WOS:000175165500015 ER PT J AU Jacobs, M Ferrario, J Byrne, C AF Jacobs, M Ferrario, J Byrne, C TI Investigation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-p-furans and selected coplanar biphenyls in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE farmed salmon; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs); polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); persistent organic pollutants ID FISH; INDUSTRIAL; RESIDUES; OILS AB Farmed and wild Scottish Atlantic salmon were obtained from retail suppliers, producers, and Stirling University in Scotland during January, 1999, for determination of 17 2,3,7,8-Cl-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs, and seven non-ortho- and mono-ortho-PCBs. The study confirms previous reports of relatively high concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and, especially, PCBs in farmed Scottish salmon. The results indicate that high consumption of salmon, particularly by children under 5 years, could lead to intakes above the tolerable daily intake (TDI) and tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for these chemicals, especially the PCBs, when combined with mean or high level intakes from the typical UK diet. These results suggest further investigation of farmed salmon and salmon feed, including feed fortified with fish oil and feed fortified with selected vegetable oils, is warranted. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Biomed & Life Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Environm Chem Sect, OPP,BEAD, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jacobs, M (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Biomed & Life Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. NR 36 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 AR PII S0045-6535(01)00201-6 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00201-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563PQ UT WOS:000176265100008 PM 11993634 ER PT J AU Milnes, MR Woodward, AR Rooney, AA Guillette, LJ AF Milnes, MR Woodward, AR Rooney, AA Guillette, LJ TI Plasma steroid concentrations in relation to size and age in juvenile alligators from two Florida lakes SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Perinatal Development of Birds CY OCT 12-16, 2000 CL FREE UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY HO FREE UNIV BERLIN DE alligators; reptiles; aging; eutrophication; growth; steroids; contaminants; hormones ID AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; GROWTH-RATES; PHALLUS SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; CONTAMINANTS; SEX; CROCODILES; LOUISIANA AB Previous studies have reported a number of physiological differences among juvenile alligators from two well-studied populations (Lake Apopka and Lake Woodruff) in north central Florida. These studies obtained alligators of similar size from each lake under the assumption that the animals were of similar a(Ye. Lake Apopka is a hypertrophic lake with a 50-year history of contamination from agricultural and municipal operations, whereas Lake Woodruff is a eutrophic lake and part of a National Wildlife Refuge that receives little point source pollution. If growth rates differ among these areas, it could be argued that differences in endocrine parameters reported previously (e.g. steroid or thyroid hormone concentrations) could be the result of differences in the animals' ages. Using growth annuli in cross-sections of femurs, we estimated the ages of juvenile alligators and compared the relationship of estradiol-17beta (E-2) and testosterone (T) to size and a-e within each lake and sex. No differences were detected in the relationship between size and age between the two areas indicating similar growth rates between lakes. Plasma E, was positively related to size in females from Lake Apopka, and age in Woodruff females. Males from Lake Apopka had elevated plasma E-2 compared with Lake Woodruff males and did not differ from Woodruff females. No significant relationships were detected for T from either lake, and no differences in plasma T were detected among lakes or sexes. Our data indicate that both size and age can have a significant relationship with steroid concentrations. However, the relationship between steroid concentrations and size or age differed between lakes. We suggest both factors should be considered when conducting physiological studies where there is evidence to suggest growth rates may differ among populations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anat, CVM, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Milnes, MR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, 223 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 131 IS 4 BP 923 EP 930 AR PII S1095-6433(02)00025-9 DI 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00025-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 534PK UT WOS:000174594600025 PM 11897204 ER PT J AU Faulkner, BR AF Faulkner, BR TI Java classes for nonprocedural variogram modeling SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE object-oriented modeling; ReVA; iteratively reweighted least squares; multi-disciplinary modeling; JAMA; variogram cloud ID WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES AB A set of Java(TM) classes was written for variogram modeling to support research for US EPA's Regional Vulnerability Assessment Program (ReVA). The modeling objectives of this research program are to use conceptual programming tools for numerical analysis for regional risk assessment. The classes presented use of object-oriented design elements, and their use is described for the benefit of programmers. To help facilitate their use, class diagrams and standard JavaDoc commenting were employed, Java's support for polymorphism and inheritance is used and these are described as ways to promote extension of these classes for other geostatistical applications. Among the advantages is the case of programming, code reuse, and conceptual, rather than procedural implementation. A graphical application for variogram modeling that uses the classes is also provided and described. It can also be used by non-programmers. This application uses a generalized least-squares fitting algorithm for robust parametric variogram model fitting through the variogram cloud. This feature makes this program unique from other freely available variogram modeling programs, though the classes are presented primarily so they may be extended for use in other Java programs. More traditional variogram plotting and fitting utilities are also provided. This application is graphical and platform-neutral. It uses classes of the recently proposed Java API for linear algebra, called the JAMA package. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Faulkner, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 387 EP 397 AR PII S0098-3004(01)00049-8 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00049-8 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 552XL UT WOS:000175645300010 ER PT J AU Lopez, RD Fennessy, MS AF Lopez, RD Fennessy, MS TI Testing the floristic quality assessment index as an indicator of wetland condition SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological indicator; depressional wetland; environmental gradient; floristic quality assessment index (FQAI); human influence; landscape-scale; stressor; wetland condition ID PLANTS; COLONIZATION; MACROPHYTES; ISLANDS; LAKES AB Biological indicators of ecosystem integrity are increasingly being sought for use in ecosystem assessment and goal-setting for restoration projects. We tested the effectiveness of a plant community-based bioassessment tool, the floristic quality assessment index (FQAI) in 20 depressional wetlands in Ohio, USA. A priori, the 20 depressional wetlands were classified by type and ranked to form a disturbance gradient according to the local landscape condition. Ranks were based on surrounding land cover characteristics, vegetated buffer characteristics, and the extent of human-induced hydrologic alteration at the wetland site. The index was negatively correlated with the disturbance rank of a wetland and with the distance to neighboring wetlands (P = 0.01). Index values were lower for wetlands surrounded by agricultural or urban land use, wetlands with less vegetation on the wetland perimeter, and wetlands with more hydrologic modification, and at sites with greater distances to other wetlands. The wetlands with lower FQAI values tended to be dominated by plants that are typical of heavily cultivated landscapes or urban regions. Thus, the index is interpreted as a measure of environmental factors that maintain and control plant communities. The index was not correlated with differences in wetland surface water chemistry (alpha = 0.05) but was positively correlated with soil total organic carbon (P = 0.01), phosphorus (P = 0.05), and calcium (P = 0.05). Repeated wetland sampling in the summer and autumn revealed that the floristic quality assessment index could be useful for the assessment and monitoring of wetland ecosystems and for tracking wetland restoration projects over time. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. State Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Columbus, OH 43216 USA. RP Lopez, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Off Res & Dev, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 49 TC 108 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.2307/3060957 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532EC UT WOS:000174457800015 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Miller, G Breuer, T Kennedy, M Higgins, C Walford, J McKee, G Fox, K Bibb, W Mead, P AF Olsen, SJ Miller, G Breuer, T Kennedy, M Higgins, C Walford, J McKee, G Fox, K Bibb, W Mead, P TI A waterborne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome: Implications for rural water systems SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; DIARRHEA; DEER AB In the summer of 1998, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections occurred in Alpine, Wyoming. We identified 157 ill persons; stool from 71 (45%) yielded E. coli (O157:H7. In two cohort studies, illness was significantly associated with drinking municipal water (town residents: adjusted odds ratio=10.1, 95% confidence intervals [Cl]=1.8-56.4; visitors attending family reunion: relative risk=9.0, 95% Cl=1.3-63.3). The unchlorinated water supply had microbiologic evidence of fecal organisms and the potential for chronic contamination with surface water. Among persons exposed to water, the attack rate was significantly lower in town residents than in visitors (23% vs. 50%, p<0.01) and decreased with increasing age. The lower attack rate among exposed residents, especially adults, is consistent with the acquisition of partial immunity following long-term exposure. Serologic data, although limited, may support this finding. Contamination of small, unprotected water systems may be an increasing public health risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. Wyoming Dept Agr, Cheyenne, WY USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 9 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 370 EP 375 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700006 PM 11971769 ER PT J AU Lee, C AF Lee, C TI Environmental justice: Building a unified vision of health and the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE environmental justice; environmental policy; health disparities; minority health; planning; public health; socioeconomic status; sustainable communities AB The assorted and multidimensional concerns that give rise to the issue of environmental justice have proved to be intellectually daunting and highly resistant to positive change, Low-income, people of color, and tribal communities confronting environmental stressors are beset by stressors in both the physical and social environments. For this reason, while the bifurcation of the public health and environmental fields taking place over the past several decades has yielded generally negative impacts in areas of public health, environment, and planning, the consequences for low-income and disadvantaged communities have been especially grievous. This commentary builds on the recent Institute of Medicine workshop titled "Rebuilding the Unity of Health and the Environment: A New Vision of Environmental Health for the 21st Century." The workshop organizers posited that only by thinking about environmental health on multiple levels will it be possible to merge various strategies to protect both the environment and health. In this commentary we examine how such a new vision of uniting public health and the environment can contribute to attaining environmental justice for all populations. C1 US EPA, Off Environm Justice, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 2201-A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 110 SU 2 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 542WE UT WOS:000175066600003 PM 11929721 ER PT J AU Koo, JW Parham, F Kohn, MC Masten, SA Brock, JW Needham, LL Portier, CJ AF Koo, JW Parham, F Kohn, MC Masten, SA Brock, JW Needham, LL Portier, CJ TI The association between biomarker-based exposure estimates for phthalates and demographic factors in a human reference population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE demographic factors; phthalates; risk assessment ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR ATROPHY; RAT-LIVER; METABOLISM; ESTERS; EXCRETION; IDENTIFICATION; DIBUTYL AB Population-based estimates of environmental exposures using biomarkers can be difficult to obtain for a variety of reasons, including problems with limits of detection, undersampling of key strata, time between exposure and sampling, variation across individuals, variation within individuals, and the ability to find and interpret a given biomarker. In this article, we apply statistical likelihoods, weighted sampling, and regression methods for censored data to the analysis of biomarker data. Urinary metabolites for seven phthalates, reported by Blount et al., are analyzed using these methods. In the case of the phthalates data, we assumed the underlying model to be a log-normal distribution with the mean of the distribution defined as a function of a number of demographic variables that might affect phthalate levels in individuals. Included as demographic variables were age, sex, ethnicity, residency, family income, and education level. We conducted two analyses: an unweighted analysis where phthalate distributions were estimated with changes in the means of these distributions as a function of demographic variables, and a weighted prediction for the general population in which weights were assigned for a subset of the population depending on the frequency of their demographic variables in the general U.S. population. We used statistical tests to determine whether any of the demographic variables affected mean phthalate levels. Individuals with only a high school education had higher levels of di-n-butyl phthalate than individuals with education beyond high school. Subjects who had family income less than $1,500 in the month before sampling and/or only high school education had higher levels of n-buryl. benzyl phthalate levels than other groupings. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was higher in males and/or in urban populations and/or in people who had family income less than $1,500 per month. Our findings suggest that there may be significant demographic variations in exposure and/or metabolism of phthalates and that health-risk assessments for phthalate exposure in humans should consider different potential risk groups. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Portier, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X NR 48 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 541GB UT WOS:000174975900029 PM 11940459 ER PT J AU Medina, VF Larson, SL McCutcheon, SC AF Medina, VF Larson, SL McCutcheon, SC TI Evaluation of continuous flow-through phytoreactors for the treatment of TNT-contaminated water SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PLANT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION; OPTIMIZATION; SOILS AB The proof of concept for created wetlands to treat groundwater or industrial water contaminated with trinitrotoluene (TNT) was established using bench-scale, continuous flow reactors with aquatic plants. Contaminant loadings from 0.0132 to 2.488 g/m(3)/day were tested on phytoreactors using parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) as the plant. Reactor removal efficiency and elimination capacity were linearly related to the load of TNT. An algal reactor was also tested at a loading of 0.9671 g/m(3)/day and removed 93 66 of the TNT. Some removal was also found in control reactors that contained no plants and minimized algal growth by shielding them from light. However, the removal efficiencies in the controls were much lower. Transformation products, aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT) and diaminonitrotoluenes (DANT), were detected in the algae and phytoreactors, but not in the controls, indicating that the TNT was being transformed, However ADNT persisted in the effluent, representing a reactor-design issue that must be further investigated. ADNT concentrations in the plant material increased with contaminant loading. TNT was only found in plant tissue at the highest loading of 2.488 g/m(3)/day. Higher concentrations of ADNT were found in the root of the plant, with approximately equal concentrations in the stein and leaf portions. Ratios of 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4ADNT) versus 2-aminodinitrotoluene (2ADNT) were higher in the water phase versus what was found in plant material. Because microbial processes tend to favor the formation of 4ADNT, the higher ratio suggests that the removal of TNT is actually a combination of microbial and phyto processes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Medina, VF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1002/ep.670210110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540LW UT WOS:000174931300006 ER EF